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William Hunter Kendal - Wikipedia
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(1843–1917)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WHKendal_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/WHKendal_001.jpg/220px-WHKendal_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="318" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/WHKendal_001.jpg/330px-WHKendal_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/WHKendal_001.jpg/440px-WHKendal_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2080" data-file-height="3008" /></a><figcaption>William H. Kendal, c. 1900</figcaption></figure> <p><b>William Hunter Kendal</b> (16 December 1843 – 7 November 1917) was an English actor and <a href="/wiki/Actor-manager" title="Actor-manager">theatre manager</a>. He and his wife <a href="/wiki/Madge_Kendal" title="Madge Kendal">Madge</a> starred at the <a href="/wiki/Haymarket_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Haymarket Theatre">Haymarket</a> in Shakespearian revivals and the old English comedies beginning in the 1860s. In the 1870s, they starred in a series of "fairy comedies" by <a href="/wiki/W._S._Gilbert" title="W. S. Gilbert">W. S. Gilbert</a> and in many plays on the West End with the <a href="/wiki/Squire_Bancroft" title="Squire Bancroft">Bancrofts</a> and others. In the 1880s, they starred at and jointly managed (with <a href="/wiki/John_Hare_(actor)" title="John Hare (actor)">John Hare</a>) the <a href="/wiki/St._James%27s_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="St. James's Theatre">St. James's Theatre</a>. They then enjoyed a long touring career. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Hunter_Kendal&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kendal was born <b>William Hunter Grimston</b> in London, the middle son of portrait artist Edward Hunter Grimston, and his wife, Louisa <i>née</i> Rider. <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His maternal grandfather was a painter, and the boy demonstrated early talent in painting, but his parents urged him to study medicine. He often visited the <a href="/wiki/Soho_Theatre" title="Soho Theatre">Soho Theatre</a> to sketch the performers, which led to his trying acting, in 1861, as <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XIV of France">Louis XIV</a>, in <i>A Life's Revenge</i>, billed as "Mr Kendall".<sup id="cite_ref-MKendaldnb_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MKendaldnb-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Career">Career</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Hunter_Kendal&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:W._H._Kendal_as_Philamir_and_Madge_Kendal_as_Zeolide_in_W._S._Gilbert%27s_The_Palace_of_Truth.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/W._H._Kendal_as_Philamir_and_Madge_Kendal_as_Zeolide_in_W._S._Gilbert%27s_The_Palace_of_Truth.jpg/180px-W._H._Kendal_as_Philamir_and_Madge_Kendal_as_Zeolide_in_W._S._Gilbert%27s_The_Palace_of_Truth.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/W._H._Kendal_as_Philamir_and_Madge_Kendal_as_Zeolide_in_W._S._Gilbert%27s_The_Palace_of_Truth.jpg/270px-W._H._Kendal_as_Philamir_and_Madge_Kendal_as_Zeolide_in_W._S._Gilbert%27s_The_Palace_of_Truth.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/W._H._Kendal_as_Philamir_and_Madge_Kendal_as_Zeolide_in_W._S._Gilbert%27s_The_Palace_of_Truth.jpg/360px-W._H._Kendal_as_Philamir_and_Madge_Kendal_as_Zeolide_in_W._S._Gilbert%27s_The_Palace_of_Truth.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1477" data-file-height="2389" /></a><figcaption>The Kendals as Philamir and Zeolide in <a href="/wiki/W._S._Gilbert" title="W. S. Gilbert">W.<span class="nowrap"> </span>S.<span class="nowrap"> </span>Gilbert</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Palace_of_Truth" title="The Palace of Truth">The Palace of Truth</a></i> (1870)</figcaption></figure> <p>Kendal continued at the Soho for two years and then played provincial theatres, including in <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a>, where he performed for four years, with <a href="/wiki/Charles_Kean" title="Charles Kean">Charles Kean</a> and others, until 1866.<sup id="cite_ref-WhosWho_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WhosWho-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He joined <a href="/wiki/J._B._Buckstone" class="mw-redirect" title="J. B. Buckstone">J. B. Buckstone</a>'s company at the <a href="/wiki/Haymarket_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Haymarket Theatre">Haymarket Theatre</a> in London in 1866, where he performed in a wide variety of works, from <a href="/wiki/Victorian_burlesque" title="Victorian burlesque">burlesque</a> to Shakespeare and was particularly admired for his comic roles. In 1869 he married the actress <a href="/wiki/Madge_Kendal" title="Madge Kendal">Madge Robertson</a>, a sister of the dramatist <a href="/wiki/Thomas_William_Robertson" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas William Robertson">T. W. Robertson</a>. As "Mr. and Mrs. Kendal", their professional careers became inseparable, and he invariably acted opposite his wife.<sup id="cite_ref-MKendaldnb_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MKendaldnb-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His roles included Colonel Blake in <a href="/wiki/J._Palgrave_Simpson" class="mw-redirect" title="J. Palgrave Simpson">J. Palgrave Simpson</a>'s <i>A Scrap of Paper</i>, Charles Surface opposite his wife's Lady Teazle, Orlando to her Rosalind in <i><a href="/wiki/As_You_Like_It" title="As You Like It">As You Like It</a></i> (1871), Jack Absolute to her Lydia Languish in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Rivals" title="The Rivals">The Rivals</a></i> (1870), and Young Marlowe to her Kate Hardcastle. He was also Captain Beauclerc in <i><a href="/wiki/Diplomacy_(play)" title="Diplomacy (play)">Diplomacy</a></i>, William in <i>William and Susan</i>, W. G. Wills's customized rewriting of Douglas Jerrold's <i>Black-Eyed Susan</i>, and Aubrey Tanqueray to his wife's Paula in <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wing_Pinero" title="Arthur Wing Pinero">Pinero's</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Second_Mrs_Tanqueray" title="The Second Mrs Tanqueray">The Second Mrs Tanqueray</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-MKendaldnb_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MKendaldnb-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was Pygmalion to his wife's Galatea in <a href="/wiki/W._S._Gilbert" title="W. S. Gilbert">W. S. Gilbert</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Pygmalion_and_Galatea_(play)" title="Pygmalion and Galatea (play)">Pygmalion and Galatea</a></i> (1871), and the pair starred in the series of "fairy comedies" by Gilbert in the early 1870s, including <i><a href="/wiki/The_Palace_of_Truth" title="The Palace of Truth">The Palace of Truth</a></i> (1870), <i><a href="/wiki/Broken_Hearts" title="Broken Hearts">Broken Hearts</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wicked_World" title="The Wicked World">The Wicked World</a></i> (1873) and <i><a href="/wiki/Broken_Hearts" title="Broken Hearts">Broken Hearts</a></i> (1875), as well as Gilbert's drama <i><a href="/wiki/Charity_(play)" title="Charity (play)">Charity</a></i> (1874).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Hunter_Kendal,_Vanity_Fair,_1893-04-20.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/William_Hunter_Kendal%2C_Vanity_Fair%2C_1893-04-20.jpg/170px-William_Hunter_Kendal%2C_Vanity_Fair%2C_1893-04-20.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/William_Hunter_Kendal%2C_Vanity_Fair%2C_1893-04-20.jpg/255px-William_Hunter_Kendal%2C_Vanity_Fair%2C_1893-04-20.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/William_Hunter_Kendal%2C_Vanity_Fair%2C_1893-04-20.jpg/340px-William_Hunter_Kendal%2C_Vanity_Fair%2C_1893-04-20.jpg 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="1066" /></a><figcaption>Caricature by <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Ward" title="Leslie Ward">Spy</a> published in <i><a href="/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(British_magazine_1868-1914)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vanity Fair (British magazine 1868-1914)">Vanity Fair</a></i> in 1893</figcaption></figure> <p>Kendal and his wife starred at and managed the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Court_Theatre" title="Royal Court Theatre">Royal Court Theatre</a> with <a href="/wiki/John_Hare_(actor)" title="John Hare (actor)">John Hare</a>. They then played at the <a href="/wiki/Scala_Theatre" title="Scala Theatre">Prince of Wales's Theatre</a> under the management of the <a href="/wiki/Squire_Bancroft" title="Squire Bancroft">Bancrofts</a> in <i>Diplomacy</i> by <a href="/wiki/B._C._Stephenson" title="B. C. Stephenson">B. C. Stephenson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Clement_Scott" title="Clement Scott">Clement Scott</a> (1878, adapted from Sardou's <i>Dora</i>), among other plays. In 1879 they began a long association with <a href="/wiki/John_Hare_(actor)" title="John Hare (actor)">John Hare</a> as joint-managers of the <a href="/wiki/St._James%27s_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="St. James's Theatre">St. James's Theatre</a>, where they presented a large number of <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wing_Pinero" title="Arthur Wing Pinero">Arthur Wing Pinero</a> plays, among many others. The Kendals restored the St. James's to popularity and helped to improve the respectability of the Victorian theatre, which had fallen into disrepute among the middle classes. They imposed a high moral code both on stage and behind the scenes.<sup id="cite_ref-MKendaldnb_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MKendaldnb-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of the Kendals' other notable successes in the 1880s included <i>The Squire</i>, <i>Impulse</i>, <i>The Ironmaster</i> and <i>A Scrap of Paper</i>. In 1888, however, the Hare and Kendal partnership ended.<sup id="cite_ref-MKendaldnb_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MKendaldnb-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_years">Later years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Hunter_Kendal&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Later years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From that time, the Kendals chiefly toured. They made their American debut in <i>A Scrap of Paper</i> in 1889, and the success of their first tour in <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a> was repeated in several successive American seasons, where they spent most of the next five years. They continued to appear in popular plays without interruption until 1908, when they both retired. They had five children, but they became estranged from them.<sup id="cite_ref-MKendaldnb_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MKendaldnb-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kendal was a skilful businessman, manager and art collector, investing his share of the theatre's profits, after making sure to purchase some jewellery for his wife and a painting for himself. He assembled a fine collection of contemporary paintings, which the couple displayed in their homes. He was a long-time member of the <a href="/wiki/Garrick_Club" title="Garrick Club">Garrick Club</a>, and his wife donated a portrait of him by <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Walpole" title="Hugh Walpole">Hugh Walpole</a> to the club. He joined the <a href="/wiki/Junior_Carlton_Club" title="Junior Carlton Club">Junior Carlton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beefsteak_Club" title="Beefsteak Club">Beefsteak</a>, Arts, <a href="/wiki/Cosmopolitan_Club_(London)" title="Cosmopolitan Club (London)">Cosmopolitan</a>, and AA clubs.<sup id="cite_ref-MKendaldnb_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MKendaldnb-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He enjoyed fishing, shooting, cycling and riding.<sup id="cite_ref-WhosWho_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WhosWho-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kendal died in 1917, aged 74, in London. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Hunter_Kendal&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">1851 Census, England and Wales</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MKendaldnb-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MKendaldnb_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MKendaldnb_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MKendaldnb_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MKendaldnb_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MKendaldnb_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MKendaldnb_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MKendaldnb_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Foulkes, Richard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/34274">"Kendal, Dame Madge (1848–1935)"</a>, <i>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</i>, Oxford University Press, September 2004, accessed 27 December 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WhosWho-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WhosWho_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WhosWho_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Addison, Henry Robert et al., eds. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yEcuAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA971">Kendal, William Hunter</a> <i>Who's Who</i>, (1907) vol. 59, p. 971 A. & C. Black, accessed 26 September 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stedman, passim</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Hunter_Kendal&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of the <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">1911 <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></a> article "<span style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Kendal,_William_Hunter" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Kendal, William Hunter">Kendal, William Hunter</a></span>".</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Archer_(critic)" title="William Archer (critic)">Archer, William</a>. "Mr. and Mrs. Kendal", in <a href="/wiki/Brander_Matthews" title="Brander Matthews">Matthews</a> and <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Hutton" title="Laurence Hutton">Hutton</a>, <i>Actors and Actresses of <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></i> (New York, 1886)</li> <li>Kendal, Madge. <i>Dame Madge Kendal, by herself</i>, ed. R. de Cordova (1933)</li> <li>Kendal, Madge. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/009987614"><i>Dramatic opinions</i></a> (1890)</li> <li>Parker, J. ed., Who's who in the theatre, 5th ed. (1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edgar_Pemberton" title="Thomas Edgar Pemberton">Pemberton, T. E.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/009024133"><i>The Kendals: A Biography</i></a> (New York, 1900)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Scott" title="Clement Scott">Scott, Clement</a>. <i>The Drama of Yesterday and To-Day</i> (London, 1899)</li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFStedman1996" class="citation book cs1">Stedman, Jane W. (1996). <i>W. S. Gilbert, A Classic Victorian & His Theatre</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-816174-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-816174-3"><bdi>0-19-816174-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=W.+S.+Gilbert%2C+A+Classic+Victorian+%26+His+Theatre&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-19-816174-3&rft.aulast=Stedman&rft.aufirst=Jane+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Hunter+Kendal" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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