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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geographical history</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geographical_history-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geographical history subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geographical_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1st_century_BC" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1st_century_BC"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>1st century BC</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1st_century_BC-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1st_century_AD" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1st_century_AD"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>1st century AD</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1st_century_AD-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2nd_century_AD" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2nd_century_AD"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>2nd century AD</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2nd_century_AD-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_entities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_entities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Political entities</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Political_entities-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Political entities subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Political_entities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rubobostes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rubobostes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Rubobostes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rubobostes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oroles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oroles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Oroles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oroles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Burebista" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Burebista"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Burebista</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Burebista-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cotiso" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cotiso"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Cotiso</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cotiso-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Decebalus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decebalus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Decebalus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decebalus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roman_conquest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roman_conquest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Roman conquest</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Roman_conquest-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Roman conquest subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Roman_conquest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Provincial_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Provincial_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Provincial history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Provincial_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Late_Roman_Age_(c._270–c._700)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Late_Roman_Age_(c._270–c._700)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Late Roman Age (<i>c.</i> 270–<i>c.</i> 700)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Late_Roman_Age_(c._270–c._700)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Constantinian_reconquest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Constantinian_reconquest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.1</span> <span>Constantinian reconquest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Constantinian_reconquest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scythia_Minor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scythia_Minor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.2</span> <span>Scythia Minor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scythia_Minor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_of_the_limes_(c._270_–_c._330)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_of_the_limes_(c._270_–_c._330)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.3</span> <span>North of the <i>limes</i> (c. 270 – c. 330)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_of_the_limes_(c._270_–_c._330)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dacia_after_the_Romans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dacia_after_the_Romans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Dacia after the Romans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dacia_after_the_Romans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_name's_usage_in_modern_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_name's_usage_in_modern_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>The name's usage in modern culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_name's_usage_in_modern_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Dacia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 58 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-58" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">58 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="داقية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="داقية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dacia" title="Dacia – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Dacia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="داکیا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="داکیا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Дакія – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дакія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Дакия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Дакия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakia" title="Dakia – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Dakia" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A0cia" title="Dàcia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dàcia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A1cie" title="Dácie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dácie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dacia" title="Dacia – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Dacia" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakien" title="Dakien – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Dakien" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daakia" title="Daakia – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Daakia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Δακία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δακία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dacia" title="Dacia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Dacia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakio" title="Dakio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Dakio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dazia_(antzinako_eskualdea)" title="Dazia (antzinako eskualdea) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Dazia (antzinako eskualdea)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%87" title="داکیه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="داکیه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dacie" title="Dacie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Dacie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daasje" title="Daasje – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Daasje" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_D%C3%A1icia" title="An Dáicia – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Dáicia" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dacia" title="Dacia – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Dacia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8B%A4%ED%82%A4%EC%95%84" title="다키아 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="다키아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Դակիա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դակիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dacija" title="Dacija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Dacija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dacia" title="Dacia – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Dacia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dacia" title="Dacia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Dacia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dacia_(regione_storica)" title="Dacia (regione storica) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Dacia (regione storica)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%94" title="דאקיה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דאקיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="დაკია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დაკია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakya" title="Dakya – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Dakya" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Дакия – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Дакия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C4%81kija" title="Dākija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Dākija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakija" title="Dakija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Dakija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A1k_Kir%C3%A1lys%C3%A1g" title="Dák Királyság – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Dák Királyság" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="داتشيا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="داتشيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dacia" title="Dacia – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Dacia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daci%C3%AB_(rijk)" title="Dacië (rijk) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Dacië (rijk)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%80%E3%82%AD%E3%82%A2" title="ダキア – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ダキア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakia" title="Dakia – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Dakia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dacja" title="Dacja – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dacja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A1cia" title="Dácia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Dácia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dacia" title="Dacia – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Dacia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Дакия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дакия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakia" title="Dakia – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Dakia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dacia" title="Dacia – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Dacia" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dacia" title="Dacia – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Dacia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A1cia" title="Dácia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Dácia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Дакија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Дакија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakija" title="Dakija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Dakija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daakia" title="Daakia – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Daakia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakien" title="Dakien – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Dakien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Da%C3%A7ya" title="Daçya – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Daçya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Da%CC%B1kya" title="Da̱kya – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Da̱kya" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Дакія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Дакія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="داکیا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="داکیا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A0cia_(rejon_st%C3%B2rega)" title="Dàcia (rejon stòrega) – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Dàcia (rejon stòrega)" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dacia" title="Dacia – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Dacia" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E5%A5%91%E4%BA%9A" title="达契亚 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="达契亚" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%94%E5%A5%91%E4%BA%9E" title="達契亞 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="達契亞" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q173082#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Dacia&params=45.7_N_26.5_E_dim:500000"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">45°42′N</span> <span class="longitude">26°30′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">45.7°N 26.5°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">45.7; 26.5</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ancient kingdom in Southeastern Europe (168 BC–106 AD)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about a historic region in Southeastern Europe. For the Romanian automobile maker, see <a href="/wiki/Automobile_Dacia" title="Automobile Dacia">Automobile Dacia</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Dacia_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Dacia (disambiguation)">Dacia (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output 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.ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Dacian Kingdom</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 82 BC</span>–106 AD</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px 3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dacian_Draco.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Dacia"><img alt="Dacian draco" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Dacian_Draco.svg/160px-Dacian_Draco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Dacian_Draco.svg/240px-Dacian_Draco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Dacian_Draco.svg/320px-Dacian_Draco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="390" data-file-height="100" /></a></span></div> </div> <div><a href="/wiki/Dacian_draco" title="Dacian draco">Dacian draco</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Dacia_82_BC.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Dacia’s expansions and largest extent under Burebista c. 45 BC"><img alt="Dacia’s expansions and largest extent under Burebista c. 45 BC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Dacia_82_BC.png/250px-Dacia_82_BC.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Dacia_82_BC.png 1.5x" data-file-width="306" data-file-height="246" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">Dacia’s expansions and largest extent under Burebista <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 45</span> BC</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sarmizegetusa_Regia" title="Sarmizegetusa Regia">Sarmizegetusa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Common languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dacian_language" title="Dacian language">Dacian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thracian_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Thracian mythology">Thracian polytheism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dacian_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Dacian religion">Zamolxism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dacians" title="Dacians">Dacian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Government</th><td class="infobox-data">Monarchy</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">King</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 82–44 BC </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Burebista" title="Burebista">Burebista</a> (first)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 87–106 AD </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Decebalus" title="Decebalus">Decebal</a> (last)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Historical era</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Classical_antiquity" title="Classical antiquity">Classical antiquity</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Established </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 82 BC</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Domitian%27s_Dacian_War" title="Domitian's Dacian War">Domitian's Dacian War</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">84–88 AD</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Trajan%27s_Dacian_Wars" title="Trajan's Dacian Wars">Trajan's Dacian Wars</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">101–106 AD</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Disestablished </div></th><td class="infobox-data">106 AD</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Dacians" title="Dacians">Dacians</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Getae" title="Getae">Getae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Thracians" title="Thracians">Thracians</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Dacia" title="Roman Dacia">Roman Dacia</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg/20px-Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg/30px-Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg/40px-Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="245" data-file-height="343" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Free_Dacians" title="Free Dacians">Free Dacians</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" 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class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background:#34669c"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="color:white">This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Dacia" title="Category:Dacia"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">a series</span></a> on</td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dacian_symbols.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Dacian_symbols.png/135px-Dacian_symbols.png" decoding="async" width="135" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Dacian_symbols.png/203px-Dacian_symbols.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Dacian_symbols.png/270px-Dacian_symbols.png 2x" data-file-width="616" data-file-height="562" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above" style="font-size:235%;"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Dacia</span></a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#fdfdfb; border-top:2px solid #A09A9A"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_cities_in_Thrace_and_Dacia#Dacia" title="List of ancient cities in Thrace and Dacia">Geography</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="background:#fdfdfb; border:1px solid #E4E5F4"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sarmizegetusa_Regia" title="Sarmizegetusa Regia">Sarmizegetusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argidava" title="Argidava">Argidava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capidava" title="Capidava">Capidava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziridava" title="Ziridava">Ziridava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moesia" title="Moesia">Moesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scythia_Minor_(Dobruja)" title="Scythia Minor (Dobruja)">Scythia Minor</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#fdfdfb; border-top:2px solid #A09A9A"> <a href="/wiki/Dacians#Material_culture" title="Dacians">Culture</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="background:#fdfdfb; border:1px solid #E4E5F4"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dacians" title="Dacians">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacian_language" title="Dacian language">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-Balkan_mythology" title="Paleo-Balkan mythology">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacians#Construction" title="Dacians">Construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacians#Pottery" title="Dacians">Pottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art" title="Art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacian_warfare" title="Dacian warfare">Warfare</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#fdfdfb; border-top:2px solid #A09A9A"> <a href="/wiki/Dacians#History" title="Dacians">History</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="background:#fdfdfb; border:1px solid #E4E5F4"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dromichaetes" title="Dromichaetes">Dromichaetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burebista" title="Burebista">Burebista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decebalus" title="Decebalus">Decebalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Thrace_and_Dacia#Getic_and_Dacian" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Thrace and Dacia">Other kings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moesi" title="Moesi">Moesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacian_tribes" class="mw-redirect" title="Dacian tribes">Tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domitian%27s_Dacian_War" title="Domitian's Dacian War">Conflict with Rome</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#fdfdfb; border-top:2px solid #A09A9A"> <a href="/wiki/Roman_Dacia" title="Roman Dacia">Roman Dacia</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="background:#fdfdfb; border:1px solid #E4E5F4"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trajan%27s_Dacian_Wars" title="Trajan's Dacian Wars">Trajan's Dacian Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulpia_Traiana_Sarmizegetusa" title="Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa">Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porolissum" title="Porolissum">Porolissum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castra_in_Dacia" class="mw-redirect" title="Castra in Dacia">Castra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacia_Aureliana" title="Dacia Aureliana">Dacia Aureliana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Dacians" title="Free Dacians">Free Dacians</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#fdfdfb; border-top:2px solid #A09A9A"> <a href="/wiki/Daco-Romanian_continuity" class="mw-redirect" title="Daco-Romanian continuity">Legacy</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="background:#fdfdfb; border:1px solid #E4E5F4"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thraco-Roman" title="Thraco-Roman">Thraco-Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daco-Romanian" class="mw-redirect" title="Daco-Romanian">Daco-Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dacian_archaeology" title="Category:Dacian archaeology">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Museums_of_Dacia" title="Category:Museums of Dacia">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Books_about_Dacia" title="Category:Books about Dacia">Books</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dacia_series" title="Template:Dacia series"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dacia_series" title="Template talk:Dacia series"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dacia_series" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dacia series"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><p><b>Dacia</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="/ʃ/: 'sh' in 'shy'">ʃ</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span>, <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">DAY</span>-shə</i></a>; <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Latin:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="la-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Latin" title="Help:IPA/Latin">[ˈd̪aː.ki.a]</a></span>) was the land inhabited by the <a href="/wiki/Dacians" title="Dacians">Dacians</a>, its core in <a href="/wiki/Transylvania" title="Transylvania">Transylvania</a>, stretching to the <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a> in the south, the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a> in the east, and the <a href="/wiki/Tisza" title="Tisza">Tisza</a> in the west. The <a href="/wiki/Carpathian_Mountains" title="Carpathian Mountains">Carpathian Mountains</a> were located in the middle of Dacia. It thus roughly corresponds to present-day <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, as well as parts of <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sarmisegetusa_Regia_-_Zona_sacra_%E2%80%93_Gradistea_Muntelui,_Muntii_Sureanu,_Hunedoara,_Romania_21.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Sarmisgetusa Regia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Sarmisegetusa_Regia_-_Zona_sacra_%E2%80%93_Gradistea_Muntelui%2C_Muntii_Sureanu%2C_Hunedoara%2C_Romania_21.JPG/220px-Sarmisegetusa_Regia_-_Zona_sacra_%E2%80%93_Gradistea_Muntelui%2C_Muntii_Sureanu%2C_Hunedoara%2C_Romania_21.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Sarmisegetusa_Regia_-_Zona_sacra_%E2%80%93_Gradistea_Muntelui%2C_Muntii_Sureanu%2C_Hunedoara%2C_Romania_21.JPG/330px-Sarmisegetusa_Regia_-_Zona_sacra_%E2%80%93_Gradistea_Muntelui%2C_Muntii_Sureanu%2C_Hunedoara%2C_Romania_21.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Sarmisegetusa_Regia_-_Zona_sacra_%E2%80%93_Gradistea_Muntelui%2C_Muntii_Sureanu%2C_Hunedoara%2C_Romania_21.JPG/440px-Sarmisegetusa_Regia_-_Zona_sacra_%E2%80%93_Gradistea_Muntelui%2C_Muntii_Sureanu%2C_Hunedoara%2C_Romania_21.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="2160" /></a><figcaption>The Image of all the Sarmisgetusa ruins</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>Dacian kingdom</b> that united the Dacians and the Getae was formed under the rule of <a href="/wiki/Burebista" title="Burebista">Burebista</a> in 82 BC and lasted until the Roman conquest in AD 106. As a result of the <a href="/wiki/Trajan%27s_Dacian_Wars" title="Trajan's Dacian Wars">wars with the Roman Empire</a>, after the conquest of Dacia, the population was dispersed, and the capital city, <a href="/wiki/Sarmizegetusa_Regia" title="Sarmizegetusa Regia">Sarmizegetusa Regia</a>, was destroyed by the Romans. However, the Romans built a settlement bearing the same name, <a href="/wiki/Ulpia_Traiana_Sarmizegetusa" title="Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa">Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetuza</a> 40 km away, to serve as the capital of the new <a href="/wiki/Roman_Dacia" title="Roman Dacia">Roman province of Dacia</a>. A group of "<a href="/wiki/Free_Dacians" title="Free Dacians">Free Dacians</a>", may have remained outside the Roman Empire in the territory of modern-day Northern Romania until the start of the <a href="/wiki/Migration_Period" title="Migration Period">Migration Period</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nomenclature">Nomenclature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dacia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Nomenclature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Dacians#Name_and_etymology" title="Dacians">Dacians § Name and etymology</a></div> <p>The Dacians are first mentioned in the writings of the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greeks" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greeks">Ancient Greeks</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a> (<i>Histories</i> Book IV XCIII: "[Getae] the noblest as well as the most just of all the Thracian tribes") and <a href="/wiki/Thucydides" title="Thucydides">Thucydides</a> (<i>Peloponnesian Wars</i>, Book II: "[Getae] border on the Scythians and are armed in the same manner, being all mounted archers").<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMalloryAdams1997145–146_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalloryAdams1997145–146-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some historians argue that <a href="/wiki/Daxia" title="Daxia">Daxia</a> (mentioned in <a href="/wiki/3rd_century_BC" title="3rd century BC">3rd century BC</a>) was the previous home of <a href="/wiki/Indo-Iranians" title="Indo-Iranians">Indo-Iranian</a> <a href="/wiki/Nomad" title="Nomad">nomads</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who later came to form the <a href="/wiki/Getae" title="Getae">Geto</a>-<a href="/wiki/Dacians" title="Dacians">Dacian</a> people.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geographical_history">Geographical history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dacia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geographical history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Dacia" title="History of Dacia">History of Dacia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dacia_82_BC.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Geto-Dacian empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Dacia_82_BC.png/220px-Dacia_82_BC.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Dacia_82_BC.png 1.5x" data-file-width="306" data-file-height="246" /></a><figcaption>The Dacian homeland circa 40 BC, after the death of Burebista</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Dacia_evolution_from_Burebista_to_Decebalus.webm/220px--Dacia_evolution_from_Burebista_to_Decebalus.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="218" data-mwtitle="Dacia_evolution_from_Burebista_to_Decebalus.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Dacia_evolution_from_Burebista_to_Decebalus.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/07/Dacia_evolution_from_Burebista_to_Decebalus.webm/Dacia_evolution_from_Burebista_to_Decebalus.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="728" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/Dacia_evolution_from_Burebista_to_Decebalus.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, vorbis"" data-width="728" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/07/Dacia_evolution_from_Burebista_to_Decebalus.webm/Dacia_evolution_from_Burebista_to_Decebalus.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="486" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/07/Dacia_evolution_from_Burebista_to_Decebalus.webm/Dacia_evolution_from_Burebista_to_Decebalus.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="146" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/07/Dacia_evolution_from_Burebista_to_Decebalus.webm/Dacia_evolution_from_Burebista_to_Decebalus.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="242" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/07/Dacia_evolution_from_Burebista_to_Decebalus.webm/Dacia_evolution_from_Burebista_to_Decebalus.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="364" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/07/Dacia_evolution_from_Burebista_to_Decebalus.webm/Dacia_evolution_from_Burebista_to_Decebalus.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="364" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>The evolution of the Dacian kingdom from Burebista to Decebal according to <a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Central_and_Eastern_Europe_at_the_time_of_Augustus_6_AD.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Central_and_Eastern_Europe_at_the_time_of_Augustus_6_AD.jpg/200px-Central_and_Eastern_Europe_at_the_time_of_Augustus_6_AD.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Central_and_Eastern_Europe_at_the_time_of_Augustus_6_AD.jpg/300px-Central_and_Eastern_Europe_at_the_time_of_Augustus_6_AD.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Central_and_Eastern_Europe_at_the_time_of_Augustus_6_AD.jpg/400px-Central_and_Eastern_Europe_at_the_time_of_Augustus_6_AD.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2600" data-file-height="1899" /></a><figcaption>Dacia cf. <a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 20</span> AD)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMüller1877tabulae_XV_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMüller1877tabulae_XV-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Harta_Dacia_Brue_Adrien_Hubert.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Harta_Dacia_Brue_Adrien_Hubert.jpg/220px-Harta_Dacia_Brue_Adrien_Hubert.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Harta_Dacia_Brue_Adrien_Hubert.jpg/330px-Harta_Dacia_Brue_Adrien_Hubert.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Harta_Dacia_Brue_Adrien_Hubert.jpg/440px-Harta_Dacia_Brue_Adrien_Hubert.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7452" data-file-height="5386" /></a><figcaption>The map of Dacia by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brue_Adrien_Hubert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brue Adrien Hubert (page does not exist)">Brue Adrien Hubert</a> (1826)</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sarmizegetusa_Regia_2011_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Sarmizegetusa_Regia_2011_2.jpg/200px-Sarmizegetusa_Regia_2011_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Sarmizegetusa_Regia_2011_2.jpg/300px-Sarmizegetusa_Regia_2011_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Sarmizegetusa_Regia_2011_2.jpg/400px-Sarmizegetusa_Regia_2011_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>View of the sanctuary from <a href="/wiki/Dacians" title="Dacians">Dacians</a>' capital <a href="/wiki/Sarmizegetusa_Regia" title="Sarmizegetusa Regia">Sarmizegetusa Regia</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ptolemy_Cosmographia_Dacia%2BDanube.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Ptolemy_Cosmographia_Dacia%2BDanube.jpg/200px-Ptolemy_Cosmographia_Dacia%2BDanube.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Ptolemy_Cosmographia_Dacia%2BDanube.jpg/300px-Ptolemy_Cosmographia_Dacia%2BDanube.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Ptolemy_Cosmographia_Dacia%2BDanube.jpg/400px-Ptolemy_Cosmographia_Dacia%2BDanube.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1213" /></a><figcaption>Dacia map cf. Ptolemy (2nd century AD)</figcaption></figure> <p>The extent and location of Dacia varied in its three distinct historical periods (see below): </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dacia_after_100_AD..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Dacia_after_100_AD..jpg/220px-Dacia_after_100_AD..jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Dacia_after_100_AD..jpg/330px-Dacia_after_100_AD..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Dacia_after_100_AD..jpg/440px-Dacia_after_100_AD..jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="1324" /></a><figcaption>Dacia after 100 AD</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For earlier events, see <a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_Transylvania" title="Prehistory of Transylvania">Prehistory of Transylvania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Prehistory of Romania">Prehistory of Romania</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Celts_in_Transylvania" title="Celts in Transylvania">Celts in Transylvania</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1st_century_BC">1st century BC</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dacia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1st century BC"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Dacia of <a href="/wiki/Burebista" title="Burebista">King Burebista</a> (82–44 BC) stretched from the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a> to the river <a href="/wiki/Tisza" title="Tisza">Tisza</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During that period, the Getae and Dacians conquered a wider territory and Dacia extended from the Middle Danube to the Black Sea littoral (between Apollonia and <a href="/wiki/Pontic_Olbia" title="Pontic Olbia">Pontic Olbia</a>) and from the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Carpathians" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Carpathians">Northern Carpathians</a> to the Balkan Mountains.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMurray20011120_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMurray20011120-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the death of Burebista in 44 BCE, his Kingdom quickly unraveled, but the Dacians remained a significant enough force to frequently make incursions into Roman territory.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dacian_Kingdom_under_Burebista.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Dacia under Burebista 45 BC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Dacian_Kingdom_under_Burebista.png/220px-Dacian_Kingdom_under_Burebista.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Dacian_Kingdom_under_Burebista.png/330px-Dacian_Kingdom_under_Burebista.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Dacian_Kingdom_under_Burebista.png/440px-Dacian_Kingdom_under_Burebista.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="618" /></a><figcaption>The biggest extent of the Dacian Kingdom under Burebista according to Strabo</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1st_century_AD">1st century AD</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dacia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1st century AD"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Strabo, in his Geography written around AD 20, says:<sup id="cite_ref-Strabo1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strabo1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p>″As for the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Germany" title="Southern Germany">southern part of Germany</a> beyond the <a href="/wiki/Albis" title="Albis">Albis</a>, the portion which is just contiguous to that river is occupied by the <a href="/wiki/Suebi" title="Suebi">Suevi</a>; then immediately adjoining this is the land of the <a href="/wiki/Getae" title="Getae">Getae</a>, which, though narrow at first, stretching as it does along the Ister [<a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a>] on its southern side and on the opposite side along the mountain-side of the <a href="/wiki/Hercynian_Forest" title="Hercynian Forest">Hercynian Forest</a> (for the land of the Getae also embraces a part of the mountains), afterwards broadens out towards the north as far as the <a href="/wiki/Tyragetae" title="Tyragetae">Tyregetae</a>; but I cannot tell the precise boundaries″</p></blockquote> <p>On this basis, Lengyel and Radan (1980), Hoddinott (1981) and Mountain (1998) consider that the Geto-Dacians inhabited both sides of the <a href="/wiki/Tisza" title="Tisza">Tisza</a> river prior to the rise of the Celtic <a href="/wiki/Boii" title="Boii">Boii</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor2001215_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor2001215-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The hold of the Dacians between the Danube and the Tisza was tenuous.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELengyelRadan198087_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELengyelRadan198087-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the archaeologist Parducz argued for a Dacian presence west of the Tisa dating from the time of Burebista.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEhrich1970228_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrich1970228-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Tacitus" title="Tacitus">Tacitus</a> (AD 56–117) Dacians bordered Germania in the south-east, while Sarmatians bordered it in the east.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGruen2011204_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGruen2011204-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1st century AD, the <a href="/wiki/Iazyges" title="Iazyges">Iazyges</a> settled West of Dacia, on the plain between the Danube and the Tisa rivers, according to the scholars' interpretation of <a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny</a>'s text: "The higher parts between the Danube and the Hercynian Forest as far as the winter quarters of Pannonia at Carnutum and the plains and level country of the German frontiers there are occupied by the Sarmatian Iazyges, while the Dacians whom they have driven out hold the mountains and forests as far as the river Theiss".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHrushevskyi199793_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHrushevskyi199793-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBosworth198060_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBosworth198060-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarnap-Bornheim2003228_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarnap-Bornheim2003228-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShelley199710_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShelley199710-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2nd_century_AD">2nd century AD</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dacia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 2nd century AD"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Trajan%27s_Dacian_Wars" title="Trajan's Dacian Wars">Trajan's Dacian Wars</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roman_Dacia" title="Roman Dacia">Roman Dacia</a></div> <p>Starting with AD 85, Dacia was once again reunified under <a href="/wiki/Decebalus" title="Decebalus">King Decebalus</a>. Following an incursion into Roman <a href="/wiki/Moesia" title="Moesia">Moesia</a>, which resulted in the death of its governor, <a href="/wiki/Gaius_Oppius_Sabinus" title="Gaius Oppius Sabinus">Gaius Oppius Sabinus</a>, a series of conflicts between the Romans and Dacians ensued. Although the Romans gained a major strategic victory at <a href="/wiki/Tapae" title="Tapae">Tapae</a> in AD 88, <a href="/wiki/Domitian" title="Domitian">Emperor Domitian</a> offered the Dacians favourable terms, in exchange for which Roman suzerainty was recognised. However, <a href="/wiki/Trajan" title="Trajan">Emperor Trajan</a> restarted the conflicts in AD 101-102 and then again in AD 105–106, which ended with the annexation of most of Dacia and its reorganisation as a <a href="/wiki/Roman_province" title="Roman province">Roman Province</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Dacia" title="Roman Dacia">Dacia Felix</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Written a few decades after Emperor <a href="/wiki/Trajan" title="Trajan">Trajan</a>'s Roman conquest of parts of Dacia in AD 105–106,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMattern200261_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMattern200261-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ptolemy's <i><a href="/wiki/Geographia" class="mw-redirect" title="Geographia">Geographia</a></i> included the boundaries of Dacia. According to the scholars' interpretation of Ptolemy (Hrushevskyi 1997, Bunbury 1879, Mocsy 1974, Bărbulescu 2005) Dacia was the region between the rivers <a href="/wiki/Tisza" title="Tisza">Tisza</a>, Danube, upper Dniester, and Siret.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHrushevskyi199797_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHrushevskyi199797-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBunbury1979517_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBunbury1979517-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMocsy197421_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMocsy197421-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBărbulescu200571_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBărbulescu200571-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mainstream historians accept this interpretation: Avery (1972) Berenger (1994) Fol (1996) Mountain (1998), Waldman Mason (2006).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerenger199425_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerenger199425-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMountain199859_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMountain199859-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaldmanMason2006205_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaldmanMason2006205-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvery1972113_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvery1972113-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFol1996223_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFol1996223-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ptolemy also provided a couple of Dacian <a href="/wiki/Toponyms" class="mw-redirect" title="Toponyms">toponyms</a> in south Poland in the Upper <a href="/wiki/Vistula" title="Vistula">Vistula</a> (Polish: Wisla) river basin: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Susudava&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Susudava (page does not exist)">Susudava</a> and <a href="/wiki/Setidava" title="Setidava">Setidava</a> (with a manuscript variant <a href="/w/index.php?title=Getidava&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Getidava (page does not exist)">Getidava</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDobiáš196470_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDobiáš196470-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerindeiCandea2001429_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerindeiCandea2001429-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchütte1952270_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchütte1952270-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGiurescuGiurescu197431_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGiurescuGiurescu197431-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This could have been an "echo" of Burebista's expansion.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerindeiCandea2001429_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerindeiCandea2001429-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It seems that this northern expansion of the Dacian language, as far as the Vistula river, lasted until AD 170–180 when the migration of the Vandal <a href="/wiki/Hasdingi" title="Hasdingi">Hasdingi</a> pushed out this northern Dacian group.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChilde1930245_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChilde1930245-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchütte1917109_&_143_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchütte1917109_&_143-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This Dacian group, possibly the <a href="/wiki/Costoboci" title="Costoboci">Costoboci</a>/<a href="/wiki/Lipitsa_culture" title="Lipitsa culture">Lipița culture</a>, is associated by <a href="/wiki/Gudmund_Sch%C3%BCtte" title="Gudmund Schütte">Gudmund Schütte</a> with towns having the specific Dacian language ending "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dava_(Dacia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dava (Dacia) (page does not exist)">dava</a>" i.e. <a href="/wiki/Setidava" title="Setidava">Setidava</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchütte1952270_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchütte1952270-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Marcomannic_Wars" title="Marcomannic Wars">Marcomannic Wars</a> (AD 166–180), Dacian groups from outside Roman Dacia had been set in motion. So too were the 12,000 Dacians "from the neighbourhood of Roman Dacia sent away from their own country". Their native country could have been the Upper Tisa region, but other places cannot be excluded.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOpreanu1997249_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOpreanu1997249-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The later Roman province <i><a href="/wiki/Dacia_Aureliana" title="Dacia Aureliana">Dacia Aureliana</a></i>, was organized inside former <a href="/wiki/Moesia_Superior" class="mw-redirect" title="Moesia Superior">Moesia Superior</a> after the retreat of the Roman army from Dacia, during the reign of emperor <a href="/wiki/Aurelian" title="Aurelian">Aurelian</a> during AD 271–275. It was reorganized as <a href="/wiki/Dacia_Ripensis" title="Dacia Ripensis">Dacia Ripensis</a> (as a military province) and <a href="/wiki/Dacia_Mediterranea" title="Dacia Mediterranea">Dacia Mediterranea</a> (as a civil province).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdahl2003_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdahl2003-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cities">Cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dacia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Davae" class="mw-redirect" title="Davae">Davae</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Dacian_towns" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Dacian towns">List of Dacian towns</a></div> <p>Ptolemy gives a list of 43 names of towns in Dacia, out of which arguably 33 were of Dacian origin. Most of the latter included the added suffix "dava" (meaning settlement, village). But, other Dacian names from his list lack the suffix (e.g. Zarmisegethusa regia = Zermizirga). In addition, nine other names of Dacian origin seem to have been Latinised.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOltean2007114_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOltean2007114-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The cities of the Dacians were known as <i>-dava</i>, <i>-deva</i>, -δαυα ("-dawa" or "-dava", <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Anc. Gk.</a>), -δεβα ("-deva", <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Greek">Byz. Gk.</a>) or -δαβα ("-dava", <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Greek">Byz. Gk.</a>), etc. . </p> <ol><li>In Dacia: <i><a href="/wiki/Acidava" title="Acidava">Acidava</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Argedava" title="Argedava">Argedava</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Buridava" title="Buridava">Buridava</a></i>, <i>Dokidava</i>, <i>Carsidava</i>, <i>Clepidava</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Cumidava" title="Cumidava">Cumidava</a></i>, <i>Marcodava</i>, <i>Netindava</i>, <i>Patridava</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Craiova" title="Craiova">Pelendava</a></i>, <i>*Perburidava</i>, <i>Petrodaua</i>, <i>Piroboridaua</i>, <i>Rhamidaua</i>, <i>Rusidava</i>, <i>Sacidava</i>, <i>Sangidava</i>, <i>Setidava</i>, <i>Singidava</i>, <i>Tamasidava</i>, <i>Utidava</i>, <i>Zargidava</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Ziridava" title="Ziridava">Ziridava</a></i>, <i>Sucidava</i> – 26 names altogether.</li> <li>In Lower Moesia (the present Northern <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>) and Scythia minor (<a href="/wiki/Dobrudja" class="mw-redirect" title="Dobrudja">Dobrudja</a>): <i><a href="/wiki/Aedeba" class="mw-redirect" title="Aedeba">Aedeba</a></i>, <i>*Buteridava</i>, <i>*Giridava</i>, <i>Dausadava</i>, <i>Kapidaua</i>, <i>Murideba</i>, <i>Sacidava</i>, <i>Scaidava</i> (<i>Skedeba</i>), <i>Sagadava</i>, <i>Sukidaua</i> (<i>Sucidava</i>) – 10 names in total.</li> <li>In Upper Moesia (the districts of Nish, Sofia, and partly Kjustendil): <i><a href="/wiki/Aiadaba" class="mw-redirect" title="Aiadaba">Aiadaba</a></i>, <i>Bregedaba</i>, <i>Danedebai</i>, <i>Desudaba</i>, <i>Itadeba</i>, <i>Kuimedaba</i>, <i>Zisnudeba</i> – seven names in total.</li></ol> <p><i>Gil-doba</i>, a village in <a href="/wiki/Thracia" title="Thracia">Thracia</a>, of unknown location. </p><p><i>Thermi-daua</i>, a town in <a href="/wiki/Dalmatia_(Roman_province)" title="Dalmatia (Roman province)">Dalmatia</a>. Probably a Grecized form of <i>*Germidava</i>. </p><p><i>Pulpu-deva</i>, (Phillipopolis) today <a href="/wiki/Plovdiv" title="Plovdiv">Plovdiv</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_entities">Political entities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dacia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Political entities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rubobostes">Rubobostes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dacia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Rubobostes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Rubobostes" title="Rubobostes">Rubobostes</a></div> <p>Geto-Dacians inhabited both sides of the Tisa river prior to the rise of the Celtic <a href="/wiki/Boii" title="Boii">Boii</a> and again after the latter were defeated by the Dacians under the king Burebista.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor2001215_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor2001215-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It seems likely that the Dacian state arose as a tribal confederacy, which was united only by charismatic leadership in both military-political and ideological-religious domains.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor2001215_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor2001215-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the beginning of the 2nd century BC, under the rule of <a href="/wiki/Rubobostes" title="Rubobostes">Rubobostes</a>, a Dacian king in present-day <a href="/wiki/Transylvania" title="Transylvania">Transylvania</a>, the Dacians' power in the <a href="/wiki/Carpathian_basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Carpathian basin">Carpathian basin</a> increased after they defeated the <a href="/wiki/Celts" title="Celts">Celts</a>, who previously held power in the region. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oroles">Oroles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dacia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Oroles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Oroles" title="Oroles">Oroles</a></div> <p>A kingdom of Dacia also existed as early as the first half of the 2nd century BC under King <a href="/wiki/Oroles" title="Oroles">Oroles</a>. Conflicts with the <a href="/wiki/Bastarnae" title="Bastarnae">Bastarnae</a> and the Romans (112–109 BC, 74 BC), against whom they had assisted the <a href="/wiki/Scordisci" title="Scordisci">Scordisci</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dardani" title="Dardani">Dardani</a>, greatly weakened the resources of the Dacians. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Burebista">Burebista</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dacia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Burebista"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Burebista" title="Burebista">Burebista</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Burebista" title="Burebista">Burebista</a> (Boerebista), a contemporary of <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a>, ruled Geto-Dacian tribes between 82 BC and 44 BC. He thoroughly reorganised the army and attempted to raise the moral standard and obedience of the people by persuading them to cut their vines and give up drinking wine.<sup id="cite_ref-StraboVII.3.11_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StraboVII.3.11-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During his reign, the Dacian Kingdom expanded to its maximum extent. The <a href="/wiki/Bastarnae" title="Bastarnae">Bastarnae</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boii" title="Boii">Boii</a> were conquered, and even the Greek towns of <a href="/wiki/Pontic_Olbia" title="Pontic Olbia">Olbia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Apollonia,_Thrace" class="mw-redirect" title="Apollonia, Thrace">Apollonia</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a> (<i>Pontus Euxinus</i>) recognized <a href="/wiki/Burebista" title="Burebista">Burebista</a>'s authority. In 53 BC, Caesar stated that the Dacian territory was on the eastern border of the <a href="/wiki/Hercynian_Forest" title="Hercynian Forest">Hercynian Forest</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMountain199859_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMountain199859-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Burebista suppressed the indigenous minting of coinages by four major tribal groups, adopting imported or copied Roman denarii as a monetary standard.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor2001215_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor2001215-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During his reign, Burebista transferred Geto-Dacians capital from <a href="/wiki/Argedava" title="Argedava">Argedava</a> to <a href="/wiki/Sarmizegetusa_Regia" title="Sarmizegetusa Regia">Sarmizegetusa Regia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacKendrick197548_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacKendrick197548-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodmanSherwood2002227_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodmanSherwood2002227-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For at least one and a half centuries, Sarmizegetusa was the Dacians' capital and reached its peak under King <a href="/wiki/Decebalus" title="Decebalus">Decebalus</a>. The Dacians appeared so formidable that Caesar contemplated an expedition against them, which his death in 44 BC prevented. In the same year, Burebista was murdered, and the kingdom was divided into four (later five) parts under separate rulers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cotiso">Cotiso</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dacia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Cotiso"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cotiso" title="Cotiso">Cotiso</a></div> <p>One of these entities was <a href="/wiki/Cotiso" title="Cotiso">Cotiso</a>'s state, to whom Augustus betrothed his own five-year-old daughter Julia. He is well known from the line in <a href="/wiki/Horace" title="Horace">Horace</a> (<i>Occidit Daci Cotisonis agmen</i>, Odes, III. 8. 18). </p><p>The Dacians are often mentioned under Augustus, according to whom they were compelled to recognize Roman supremacy. However they were by no means subdued, and in later times to maintain their independence they seized every opportunity to cross the frozen Danube during the winter and ravaging the Roman cities in the province of <a href="/wiki/Moesia" title="Moesia">Moesia</a>, which was under Roman occupation. </p><p>Strabo testified: "although the Getae and Daci once attained to very great power, so that they actually could send forth an expedition of two hundred thousand men, they now find themselves reduced to as few as forty thousand, and they have come close to the point of yielding obedience to the Romans, though as yet they are not absolutely submissive, because of the hopes which they base on the Germans, who are enemies to the Romans."<sup id="cite_ref-Strabo1_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strabo1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In fact, this occurred because <a href="/wiki/Burebista" title="Burebista">Burebista</a>'s empire split after his death into four and later five smaller states, as Strabo explains, "only recently, when <a href="/wiki/Augustus_Caesar" class="mw-redirect" title="Augustus Caesar">Augustus Caesar</a> sent an expedition against them, the number of parts into which the empire had been divided was five, though at the time of the insurrection it had been four. Such divisions, to be sure, are only temporary and vary with the times". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Decebalus">Decebalus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dacia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Decebalus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Decebalus" title="Decebalus">Decebalus</a></div> <p>Decebalus ruled the Dacians between AD 87 and 106. The frontiers of Decebal's Dacia were marked by the Tisa River to the west, by the trans-Carpathians to the north and by the Dniester River to the east.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVicoPinton2004325_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVicoPinton2004325-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His name translates into "<i>strong as ten men</i>". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Roman_conquest">Roman conquest</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dacia&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Roman conquest"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Domitian%27s_Dacian_War" title="Domitian's Dacian War">Domitian's Dacian War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trajan%27s_Dacian_Wars" title="Trajan's Dacian Wars">Trajan's Dacian Wars</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Roman_Dacia" title="Roman Dacia">Roman Dacia</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:032_Conrad_Cichorius,_Die_Reliefs_der_Traianss%C3%A4ule,_Tafel_XXXII.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/032_Conrad_Cichorius%2C_Die_Reliefs_der_Traianss%C3%A4ule%2C_Tafel_XXXII.jpg/308px-032_Conrad_Cichorius%2C_Die_Reliefs_der_Traianss%C3%A4ule%2C_Tafel_XXXII.jpg" decoding="async" width="308" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/032_Conrad_Cichorius%2C_Die_Reliefs_der_Traianss%C3%A4ule%2C_Tafel_XXXII.jpg/462px-032_Conrad_Cichorius%2C_Die_Reliefs_der_Traianss%C3%A4ule%2C_Tafel_XXXII.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/032_Conrad_Cichorius%2C_Die_Reliefs_der_Traianss%C3%A4ule%2C_Tafel_XXXII.jpg/616px-032_Conrad_Cichorius%2C_Die_Reliefs_der_Traianss%C3%A4ule%2C_Tafel_XXXII.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1115" /></a><figcaption>Fiery battle scene between the Roman and Dacian armies, <a href="/wiki/Trajan%27s_Column" title="Trajan's Column">Trajan's Column</a>, Rome</figcaption></figure> <p>When <a href="/wiki/Trajan" title="Trajan">Trajan</a> turned his attention to Dacia, it had been on the Roman agenda since before the days of <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldsworthy2004322_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldsworthy2004322-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatyszak2004213_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatyszak2004213-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when a Roman army had been beaten at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Histria" title="Battle of Histria">Battle of Histria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatyszak2004215_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatyszak2004215-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From AD 85 to 89, the Dacians under <a href="/wiki/Decebalus" title="Decebalus">Decebalus</a> were engaged in two wars with the Romans. </p><p>In AD 85, the Dacians had swarmed over the Danube and pillaged Moesia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatyszak2004216_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatyszak2004216-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELuttwak197653_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELuttwak197653-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In AD 87, the Roman troops sent by the Emperor Domitian against them under <a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Fuscus" title="Cornelius Fuscus">Cornelius Fuscus</a>, were defeated and Cornelius Fuscus was killed by the Dacians by authority of their ruler, Diurpaneus.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatyszak2004217_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatyszak2004217-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After this victory, Diurpaneus took the name of <i>Decebalus</i>, but the Romans were victorious in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tapae_(88)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Tapae (88)">Battle of Tapae</a> in AD 88 and a truce was drawn up.<sup id="cite_ref-Romanis_REquote01_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Romanis_REquote01-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The next year, AD 88, new Roman troops under <a href="/wiki/Tettius_Julianus" title="Tettius Julianus">Tettius Julianus</a>, gained a significant advantage, but were obligated to make peace following the defeat of <a href="/wiki/Domitian" title="Domitian">Domitian</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Marcomanni" title="Marcomanni">Marcomanni</a>, leaving the Dacians effectively independent. Decebalus was given the status of "king client to Rome", receiving military instructors, craftsmen and money from Rome. To Rome, Domitian brought Italian peasants in Dacian clothing because he couldn't take slaves in the war.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To increase the glory of his reign, restore the finances of Rome, and end a treaty perceived as humiliating, Trajan resolved on the conquest of Dacia, the capture of the famous Treasure of Decebalus, and control over the Dacian gold mines of <a href="/wiki/Transylvania" title="Transylvania">Transylvania</a>. The result of his first campaign (101–102) was the siege of the Dacian capital Sarmizegethusa and the occupation of part of the country. Emperor Trajan recommenced hostilities against Dacia and, following an uncertain number of battles,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatyszak2004219_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatyszak2004219-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and with Trajan's troops pressing towards the Dacian capital <a href="/wiki/Sarmizegethusa" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarmizegethusa">Sarmizegethusa</a>, Decebalus once more sought terms.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldsworthy2004329_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldsworthy2004329-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Roman_province_of_Dacia_(106_-_271_AD).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Roman_province_of_Dacia_%28106_-_271_AD%29.svg/300px-Roman_province_of_Dacia_%28106_-_271_AD%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Roman_province_of_Dacia_%28106_-_271_AD%29.svg/450px-Roman_province_of_Dacia_%28106_-_271_AD%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Roman_province_of_Dacia_%28106_-_271_AD%29.svg/600px-Roman_province_of_Dacia_%28106_-_271_AD%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1300" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Roman_Dacia" title="Roman Dacia">Roman Dacia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moesia_Inferior" class="mw-redirect" title="Moesia Inferior">Moesia Inferior</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Decebalus rebuilt his power over the following years and attacked Roman garrisons again in AD 105. In response Trajan again marched into Dacia,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatyszak2004222_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatyszak2004222-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> attacking the Dacian capital in the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sarmizegethusa" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Sarmizegethusa">Siege of Sarmizegethusa</a>, and razing it to the ground;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatyszak2004223_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatyszak2004223-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the defeated Dacian king <a href="/wiki/Decebalus" title="Decebalus">Decebalus</a> committed suicide to avoid capture.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELuttwak197654_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELuttwak197654-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With part of Dacia quelled as the <a href="/wiki/Roman_province" title="Roman province">Roman province</a> <a href="/wiki/Roman_Dacia" title="Roman Dacia">Dacia Traiana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStoica191952_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStoica191952-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Trajan subsequently <a href="/wiki/Trajan%27s_Parthian_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Trajan's Parthian War">invaded the Parthian empire</a> to the east. His conquests brought the Roman Empire to its greatest extent. Rome's borders in the east were governed indirectly in this period, through a system of <a href="/wiki/Client_states" class="mw-redirect" title="Client states">client states</a>, which led to less direct campaigning than in the west.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELuttwak197639_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELuttwak197639-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some of the history of the war is given by <a href="/wiki/Cassius_Dio" title="Cassius Dio">Cassius Dio</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Trajan erected the <a href="/wiki/Trajan%27s_Column" title="Trajan's Column">Column of Trajan</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> to commemorate his victory.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Provincial_history">Provincial history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dacia&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Provincial history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although the Romans conquered and destroyed the ancient Kingdom of Dacia, a large remainder of the land remained outside of Roman Imperial authority. Additionally, the conquest changed the balance of power in the region and was the catalyst for a renewed alliance of Germanic and Celtic tribes and kingdoms against the Roman Empire. However, the material advantages of the Roman Imperial system was attractive to the surviving aristocracy. Afterwards, many of the Dacians became Romanised (see also <a href="/wiki/Origin_of_Romanians" class="mw-redirect" title="Origin of Romanians">Origin of Romanians</a>). In AD 183, war broke out in Dacia: few details are available, but it appears two future contenders for the throne of emperor <a href="/wiki/Commodus" title="Commodus">Commodus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clodius_Albinus" title="Clodius Albinus">Clodius Albinus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pescennius_Niger" title="Pescennius Niger">Pescennius Niger</a>, both distinguished themselves in the campaign. </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Lactantius" title="Lactantius">Lactantius</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Roman emperor <a href="/wiki/Decius" title="Decius">Decius</a> (AD 249–251) had to restore Roman Dacia from the <a href="/wiki/Carpo-Dacians" class="mw-redirect" title="Carpo-Dacians">Carpo-Dacians</a> of <a href="/wiki/Zosimus_(historian)" title="Zosimus (historian)">Zosimus</a> "having undertaken an expedition against the Carpi, who had then possessed themselves of Dacia and Moesia". </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rome-JA1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Rome-JA1.jpg/200px-Rome-JA1.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Rome-JA1.jpg/300px-Rome-JA1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Rome-JA1.jpg/400px-Rome-JA1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Tarabostes on the <a href="/wiki/Arch_of_Constantine" title="Arch of Constantine">Arch of Constantine</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Even so, the Germanic and Celtic kingdoms, particularly the <a href="/wiki/Gothic_tribes" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic tribes">Gothic tribes</a>, slowly moved toward the Dacian borders, and within a generation were making assaults on the province. Ultimately, the <a href="/wiki/Goths" title="Goths">Goths</a> succeeded in dislodging the Romans and restoring the "independence" of Dacia following Emperor <a href="/wiki/Aurelian" title="Aurelian">Aurelian</a>'s withdrawal, in 275. </p><p>In AD 268–269, at <a href="/wiki/Naissus" class="mw-redirect" title="Naissus">Naissus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Claudius_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Claudius II">Claudius II</a> (Gothicus Maximus) obtained a decisive victory over the Goths. Since at that time Romans were still occupying <a href="/wiki/Roman_Dacia" title="Roman Dacia">Roman Dacia</a> it is assumed that the Goths didn't cross the Danube from the Roman province. The Goths who survived their defeat didn't even attempt to escape through Dacia, but through <a href="/wiki/Thrace" title="Thrace">Thrace</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the boundaries of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Dacia" title="Roman Dacia">Roman Dacia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carpi_(people)" title="Carpi (people)">Carpi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Free_Dacians" title="Free Dacians">Free Dacians</a>) were still strong enough to sustain five battles in eight years against the Romans from AD 301–308. Roman Dacia was left in AD 275 by the Romans, to the Carpi again, and not to the Goths. There were still Dacians in AD 336, against whom <a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great" title="Constantine the Great">Constantine the Great</a> fought. </p><p>The province was abandoned by Roman troops, and, according to the <i>Breviarium historiae Romanae</i> by <a href="/wiki/Eutropius_(historian)" title="Eutropius (historian)">Eutropius</a>, Roman citizens "from the towns and lands of Dacia" were resettled to the interior of Moesia.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under <a href="/wiki/Diocletian" title="Diocletian">Diocletian</a>, c. AD 296, in order to defend the Roman border, fortifications were erected by the Romans on both banks of the <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdahl2003_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdahl2003-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Late_Roman_Age_(c._270–c._700)"><span id="Late_Roman_Age_.28c._270.E2.80.93c._700.29"></span>Late Roman Age (<i>c.</i> 270–<i>c.</i> 700)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dacia&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Late Roman Age (c. 270–c. 700)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Constantinian_reconquest">Constantinian reconquest</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dacia&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Constantinian reconquest"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dacia_337_AD.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Dacia_337_AD.png/220px-Dacia_337_AD.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Dacia_337_AD.png/330px-Dacia_337_AD.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Dacia_337_AD.png/440px-Dacia_337_AD.png 2x" data-file-width="790" data-file-height="542" /></a><figcaption>Gothic, Sarmatian and Dacian conquests of <a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great" title="Constantine the Great">Constantine the Great</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 328 the emperor <a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great" title="Constantine the Great">Constantine the Great</a> inaugurated the <a href="/wiki/Constantine%27s_Bridge_(Danube)" title="Constantine's Bridge (Danube)">Constantine's Bridge (Danube)</a> at Sucidava, (today Corabia in Romania)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadgearu200864–126_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadgearu200864–126-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in hopes of reconquering <a href="/wiki/Roman_Dacia" title="Roman Dacia">Dacia</a>, a province that had been abandoned under Aurelian. In the late winter of 332, Constantine campaigned with the <a href="/wiki/Sarmatian" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarmatian">Sarmatians</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Goths" title="Goths">Goths</a>. The weather and lack of food cost the Goths dearly: reportedly, nearly one hundred thousand died before they submitted to Rome. In celebration of this victory Constantine took the title <i>Gothicus Maximus</i> and claimed the subjugated territory as the new province of Gothia.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 334, after Sarmatian commoners had overthrown their leaders, Constantine led a campaign against the tribe. He won a victory in the war and extended his control over the region, as remains of camps and fortifications in the region indicate.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Constantine resettled some Sarmatian exiles as farmers in Illyrian and Roman districts, and conscripted the rest into the army. The new frontier in Dacia was along the <a href="/wiki/Brazda_lui_Novac" title="Brazda lui Novac">Brazda lui Novac</a> line supported by <a href="/wiki/Castra_of_Hinova" title="Castra of Hinova">Castra of Hinova</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rusidava" title="Rusidava">Rusidava</a> and <a href="/wiki/Castra_of_Pietroasele" class="mw-redirect" title="Castra of Pietroasele">Castra of Pietroasele</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadgearu200864–126_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadgearu200864–126-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Limes_(Roman_Empire)" title="Limes (Roman Empire)">limes</a> passed to the north of <a href="/wiki/Castra_of_Tirighina-B%C4%83rbo%C8%99i" title="Castra of Tirighina-Bărboși">Castra of Tirighina-Bărboși</a> and ended at <a href="/wiki/Sasyk_Lagoon" title="Sasyk Lagoon">Sasyk Lagoon</a> near the <a href="/wiki/Dniester" title="Dniester">Dniester River</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Constantine took the title <i>Dacicus maximus</i> in 336.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Before 300, the Romans erected small forts at <a href="/wiki/Dierna_(castra)" title="Dierna (castra)">Dierna</a> and in other places on the northern bank of the Danube in modern-day Banat.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBărbulescu2005185_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBărbulescu2005185-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurta2005178_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECurta2005178-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In their wider region, Roman coins from the period—mostly of bronze—have been found.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEllis1998231–232_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEllis1998231–232-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Huns destroyed Drobeta and Sucidava in the 440s, but the forts were restored under Emperor <a href="/wiki/Justinian_I" title="Justinian I">Justinian I</a> (527–565).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacKendrick1975165–166,_222_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacKendrick1975165–166,_222-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Roman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Roman Empire">Eastern Roman</a> coins from the first half of the 6th century suggest a significant military presence in <a href="/wiki/Oltenia" title="Oltenia">Oltenia</a>—a region also characterized by the predominance of pottery with shapes of Roman tradition.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETeodor2005216,_223–224_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETeodor2005216,_223–224-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Scythia_Minor">Scythia Minor</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dacia&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Scythia Minor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Scythia_Minor_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Map of Scythia Minor" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Scythia_Minor_map.jpg/190px-Scythia_Minor_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Scythia_Minor_map.jpg/285px-Scythia_Minor_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Scythia_Minor_map.jpg/380px-Scythia_Minor_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="976" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Scythia_Minor_(Roman_province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Scythia Minor (Roman province)">Scythia Minor</a>: a <a href="/wiki/List_of_Late_Roman_provinces" title="List of Late Roman provinces">Late Roman province</a> formed through the division of the former province of <a href="/wiki/Lower_Moesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower Moesia">Lower Moesia</a> around 293</figcaption></figure> <p>The territory between the Lower Danube and the Black Sea (today <a href="/wiki/Dobrogea" class="mw-redirect" title="Dobrogea">Dobrogea</a> in Romania) remained a fully integrated part of the Roman Empire, even after the abandonment of Trajan's Dacia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOpreanu2005110–111_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOpreanu2005110–111-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was transformed into a separate province under the name of <a href="/wiki/Scythia_Minor_(Roman_province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Scythia Minor (Roman province)">Scythia Minor</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacKendrick197555–56,_221_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacKendrick197555–56,_221-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> around 293.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETreadgold199717–18_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETreadgold199717–18-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The existence of Christian communities in Scythia Minor became evident under Emperor <a href="/wiki/Diocletian" title="Diocletian">Diocletian</a> (284–305).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOpreanu2005115_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOpreanu2005115-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He and <a href="/wiki/Tetrarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetrarchs">his co-emperors</a> ordered the persecution of Christians throughout the empire, causing the death of many between 303 and 313.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOpreanu2005115_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOpreanu2005115-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETreadgold199733_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETreadgold199733-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under Emperor <a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great" title="Constantine the Great">Constantine the Great</a> (306–337), a <a href="/wiki/Constantine%27s_Bridge_(Danube)" title="Constantine's Bridge (Danube)">bridge across the Danube</a> was constructed at <a href="/wiki/Sucidava" title="Sucidava">Sucidava</a>, a new fort (<a href="/wiki/Constantiana_Daphne" title="Constantiana Daphne">Constantiana Daphne</a>) was built, and ancient roads were repaired in <a href="/wiki/Oltenia" title="Oltenia">Oltenia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacKendrick1975165,_221_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacKendrick1975165,_221-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWolfram198861_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWolfram198861-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Lower Danube again became the empire's northern boundary in 369 at the latest, when Emperor <a href="/wiki/Valens" title="Valens">Valens</a> met <a href="/wiki/Athanaric" title="Athanaric">Athanaric</a>—the head of the Goths—in a boat in the middle of the river because the latter had taken an oath "never to set foot on Roman soil".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeather201072,_75_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeather201072,_75-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Roman_emperors" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Roman emperors">Eastern Roman emperors</a> made annual payments to the neighboring peoples in an attempt to keep the peace in the Balkans, the Avars regularly invaded Scythia Minor from the 580s.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurta200654–55,_64–65_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECurta200654–55,_64–65-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Romans abandoned Sucidava in 596 or 597,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacKendrick1975166,_222_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacKendrick1975166,_222-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but <a href="/wiki/Constan%C8%9Ba" title="Constanța">Tomis</a>, which was the last town in Scythia Minor to resist the invaders, only fell in 704.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacKendrick1975178,_222_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacKendrick1975178,_222-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="North_of_the_limes_(c._270_–_c._330)"><span id="North_of_the_limes_.28c._270_.E2.80.93_c._330.29"></span>North of the <i>limes</i> (c. 270 – c. 330)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dacia&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: North of the limes (c. 270 – c. 330)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Transylvania" title="Transylvania">Transylvania</a> and northern Banat, which belonged to Dacia before Trajan conquest, had no direct contact with the Roman Empire from the 270s.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBărbulescu2005181_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBărbulescu2005181-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is no evidence that they were invaded in the following decades.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaynesHanson200424_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaynesHanson200424-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Towns, including <a href="/wiki/Apulum_(castra)" title="Apulum (castra)">Apulum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ulpia_Traiana_Sarmizegetusa" title="Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa">Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa</a>, and the surrounding areas<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaynesHanson200424_84-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaynesHanson200424-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> continued to be inhabited but the urban areas diminished.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBărbulescu2005183_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBărbulescu2005183-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The existence of local Christian communities can be assumed in <a href="/wiki/Porolissum" title="Porolissum">Porolissum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Potaissa" class="mw-redirect" title="Potaissa">Potaissa</a> and other settlements.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBărbulescu2005186–187_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBărbulescu2005186–187-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the other hand, evidence – mainly pottery with "<a href="/wiki/Chi_(letter)" title="Chi (letter)">Chi</a>-<a href="/wiki/Rho" title="Rho">rho</a>" <i>(Χ-Ρ)</i> signs and other Christian symbols – is "shadowy and poorly understood", according to archaeologists Haynes and Hanson.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaynesHanson200422–24_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaynesHanson200422–24-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Urns found in late 3rd-century cemeteries at <a href="/wiki/Bezid" class="mw-redirect" title="Bezid">Bezid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Media%C5%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediaş">Mediaş</a>, and in other Transylvanian settlements had clear analogies in sites east of the Carpathians, suggesting that the <a href="/wiki/Carpians" class="mw-redirect" title="Carpians">Carpians</a> were the first new arrivals in the former province from the neighboring regions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBărbulescu2005185_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBărbulescu2005185-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBóna199465_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBóna199465-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other Carpian groups, pressured by the Goths, also departed from their homeland and sought refuge in the Roman Empire around 300.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWolfram198856–57_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWolfram198856–57-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, "<a href="/wiki/Carpo-Dacians" class="mw-redirect" title="Carpo-Dacians">Carpo-Dacians</a>" were listed among the peoples "mixed with the Huns"<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as late as 379.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeather2010166,_660_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeather2010166,_660-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson200130_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson200130-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Sarmatians" title="Sarmatians">Sarmatians</a> of the Banat<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBărbulescu2005185_66-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBărbulescu2005185-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were allies of the empire, demonstrated by a Roman invasion in 332 against the Goths, their enemies.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeather2010168_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeather2010168-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWolfram198861_77-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWolfram198861-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sarmatians were admitted into the empire in 379, but other Sarmatian groups remained in the Tisa plains up until the 460s.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeather2006330_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeather2006330-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeather2010151_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeather2010151-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dacia_after_the_Romans">Dacia after the Romans</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dacia&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Dacia after the Romans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Romania_in_the_Early_Middle_Ages" title="Romania in the Early Middle Ages">Romania in the Early Middle Ages</a></div> <p><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup"><span title="Wikipedia:Cleanup (October 2024)">The paragraphs below may present political opinion and not historical consensus as they are different from the Main: Romania in the Early Middle Ages. Please improve this section by adding reliable sources</span></a></i>]</sup> The <a href="/wiki/Victohali" title="Victohali">Victohali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taifals" title="Taifals">Taifals</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tervingi" class="mw-redirect" title="Tervingi">Thervingians</a> are tribes mentioned for inhabiting Dacia in 350, after the Romans left. Archeological evidence suggests that <a href="/wiki/Gepids" title="Gepids">Gepids</a> were disputing <a href="/wiki/Transylvania" title="Transylvania">Transylvania</a> with Taifals and Tervingians. Taifals, once independent from Gothia, became federati of the Romans, from whom they obtained the right to settle in <a href="/wiki/Oltenia" title="Oltenia">Oltenia</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 376, the region was conquered by <a href="/wiki/Huns" title="Huns">Huns</a>, who kept it until the death of <a href="/wiki/Attila" title="Attila">Attila</a> in 453. The Gepid tribe, ruled by <a href="/wiki/Ardaric" title="Ardaric">Ardaric</a>, used it as their base, until in 566, when it was destroyed by the <a href="/wiki/Lombards" title="Lombards">Lombards</a>. Lombards abandoned the country and the <a href="/wiki/Avar_Khaganate" class="mw-redirect" title="Avar Khaganate">Avars</a> (second half of the 6th century) dominated the region for 230 years, until their kingdom was destroyed by <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a> in 791. At the same time, <a href="/wiki/Slavs" title="Slavs">Slavic people</a> arrived.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_name's_usage_in_modern_culture"><span id="The_name.27s_usage_in_modern_culture"></span>The name's usage in modern culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dacia&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: The name's usage in modern culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/S.C._Automobile_Dacia_S.A." class="mw-redirect" title="S.C. Automobile Dacia S.A.">S.C. Automobile Dacia S.A.</a>, also known as Dacia, is a Romanian <a href="/wiki/Car_manufacturer" class="mw-redirect" title="Car manufacturer">car manufacturer</a> that takes its name from the historical kingdom. It is Romania's largest company by revenue,<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and sells its products mainly in Europe and North Africa. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Claim taken from manufacturer's article page, but sources there are inadequate. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dacia&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dacians" title="Dacians">Dacians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dacian_warfare" title="Dacian warfare">Dacian warfare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Falx" title="Falx">Falx</a> (weapon)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Dacian_kings" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Dacian kings">List of Dacian kings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Dacian_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Dacian cities">List of Dacian cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Dacian_tribes" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Dacian tribes">List of Dacian tribes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Getae" title="Getae">Getae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carpians" class="mw-redirect" title="Carpians">Carpians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costoboci" title="Costoboci">Costoboci</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacian_bracelets" title="Dacian bracelets">Dacian bracelets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacian_draco" title="Dacian draco">Dacian draco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacian_language" title="Dacian language">Dacian language</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Dacian_names" title="List of Dacian names">List of Dacian names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Dacian_plant_names" title="List of Dacian plant names">List of Dacian plant names</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Dacia" title="History of Dacia">History of Dacia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trajan%27s_Column" title="Trajan's Column">Trajan's Column</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trajan%27s_Bridge" title="Trajan's Bridge">Trajan's Bridge</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dacia&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Dacia">"Dacia | Europe, Map, Culture, & History | Britannica"</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i>. 8 August 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Dacia+%7C+Europe%2C+Map%2C+Culture%2C+%26+History+%7C+Britannica&rft.date=2024-08-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FDacia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADacia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalloryAdams1997145–146-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMalloryAdams1997145–146_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMalloryAdams1997">Mallory & Adams 1997</a>, pp. 145–146.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mainly the <a href="/wiki/Dahae" title="Dahae">Dahae</a> and <a href="/wiki/Massagetae" title="Massagetae">Massagetae</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPadányi1963" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Padányi, Viktor (1963). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=N95HAAAAMAAJ"><i>Dentumagyaria</i></a> (in Hungarian). Editorial Transsylvania.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dentumagyaria&rft.pub=Editorial+Transsylvania&rft.date=1963&rft.aulast=Pad%C3%A1nyi&rft.aufirst=Viktor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DN95HAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADacia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHollósy1913" class="citation book cs1">Hollósy, István (1913). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mtda.hu/books/hollosy_istvan_magyarorszag_oslakoi.pdf"><i>Magyarország őslakói és az oláhok eredete</i></a> [<i>Natives of Hungary and the origin of the Vlachs</i>] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Mór Ráth.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Magyarorsz%C3%A1g+%C5%91slak%C3%B3i+%C3%A9s+az+ol%C3%A1hok+eredete&rft.pub=M%C3%B3r+R%C3%A1th&rft.date=1913&rft.aulast=Holl%C3%B3sy&rft.aufirst=Istv%C3%A1n&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmtda.hu%2Fbooks%2Fhollosy_istvan_magyarorszag_oslakoi.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADacia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMüller1877tabulae_XV-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMüller1877tabulae_XV_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMüller1877">Müller 1877</a>, tabulae XV.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-britannica.com-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-britannica.com_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/508461/Romania/214504/History#ref=ref476941">"History of Romania – Antiquity – The Dacians"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. 15 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=History+of+Romania+%E2%80%93+Antiquity+%E2%80%93+The+Dacians&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.date=2023-07-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F508461%2FRomania%2F214504%2FHistory%23ref%3Dref476941&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADacia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMurray20011120-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMurray20011120_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMurray2001">Murray 2001</a>, p. 1120.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Strabo1-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Strabo1_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Strabo1_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a>, <i>Geography</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor2001215-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor2001215_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor2001215_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor2001215_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor2001215_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTaylor2001">Taylor 2001</a>, p. 215.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELengyelRadan198087-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELengyelRadan198087_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLengyelRadan1980">Lengyel & Radan 1980</a>, p. 87: "No matter where the Boii first settled after they left Italia, however, when they arrived at the Danube they had to fight the Dacians who held the entire territory – or at least part of it. Strabo tells us that later animosity between the Dacians and the Boii stemmed from the fact that the Dacians demanded the land from the latter which the Dacians pretended to have possessed earlier."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrich1970228-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEhrich1970228_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEhrich1970">Ehrich 1970</a>, p. 228.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGruen2011204-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGruen2011204_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGruen2011">Gruen 2011</a>, p. 204: Germany as a whole is separated from the Gauls and from the Raetians and Pannonians by the rivers Rhine and Danube, from the Sarmatians and Dacians by mutual fear or mountains; the ocean surrounds the rest of it</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHrushevskyi199793-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHrushevskyi199793_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHrushevskyi1997">Hrushevskyi 1997</a>, p. 93.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBosworth198060-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBosworth198060_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBosworth1980">Bosworth 1980</a>, p. 60.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarnap-Bornheim2003228-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarnap-Bornheim2003228_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarnap-Bornheim2003">Carnap-Bornheim 2003</a>, p. 228.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShelley199710-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShelley199710_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFShelley1997">Shelley 1997</a>, p. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMattern200261-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMattern200261_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMattern2002">Mattern 2002</a>, p. 61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHrushevskyi199797-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHrushevskyi199797_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHrushevskyi1997">Hrushevskyi 1997</a>, p. 97: "Dacia, as described by Ptolemy, occupied the region between the Tisa, Danube, upper Dnister, and Seret, while the Black Sea coast – namely, the Greek colonies of Tyras, Olbia, and others – were included in Lower Moesia."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBunbury1979517-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBunbury1979517_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBunbury1979">Bunbury 1979</a>, p. 517.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMocsy197421-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMocsy197421_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMocsy1974">Mocsy 1974</a>, p. 21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBărbulescu200571-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBărbulescu200571_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBărbulescu2005">Bărbulescu 2005</a>, p. 71.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerenger199425-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerenger199425_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBerenger1994">Berenger 1994</a>, p. 25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMountain199859-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMountain199859_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMountain199859_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMountain1998">Mountain 1998</a>, p. 59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaldmanMason2006205-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaldmanMason2006205_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWaldmanMason2006">Waldman & Mason 2006</a>, p. 205.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvery1972113-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvery1972113_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAvery1972">Avery 1972</a>, p. 113.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFol1996223-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFol1996223_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFol1996">Fol 1996</a>, p. 223.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDobiáš196470-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDobiáš196470_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDobiáš1964">Dobiáš 1964</a>, p. 70.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerindeiCandea2001429-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerindeiCandea2001429_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerindeiCandea2001429_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBerindeiCandea2001">Berindei & Candea 2001</a>, p. 429.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchütte1952270-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchütte1952270_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchütte1952270_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchütte1952">Schütte 1952</a>, p. 270.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGiurescuGiurescu197431-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGiurescuGiurescu197431_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGiurescuGiurescu1974">Giurescu & Giurescu 1974</a>, p. 31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChilde1930245-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChilde1930245_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChilde1930">Childe 1930</a>, p. 245.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchütte1917109_&_143-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchütte1917109_&_143_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchütte1917">Schütte 1917</a>, pp. 109 & 143.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOpreanu1997249-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOpreanu1997249_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOpreanu1997">Opreanu 1997</a>, p. 249.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdahl2003-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdahl2003_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdahl2003_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOdahl2003">Odahl 2003</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOltean2007114-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOltean2007114_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOltean2007">Oltean 2007</a>, p. 114.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-StraboVII.3.11-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-StraboVII.3.11_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Strabo, <i>Geography</i>, VII:3.11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacKendrick197548-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacKendrick197548_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacKendrick1975">MacKendrick 1975</a>, p. 48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodmanSherwood2002227-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodmanSherwood2002227_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoodmanSherwood2002">Goodman & Sherwood 2002</a>, p. 227.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVicoPinton2004325-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVicoPinton2004325_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVicoPinton2004">Vico & Pinton 2004</a>, p. 325.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldsworthy2004322-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldsworthy2004322_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoldsworthy2004">Goldsworthy 2004</a>, p. 322.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatyszak2004213-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatyszak2004213_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMatyszak2004">Matyszak 2004</a>, p. 213.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatyszak2004215-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatyszak2004215_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMatyszak2004">Matyszak 2004</a>, p. 215.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatyszak2004216-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatyszak2004216_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMatyszak2004">Matyszak 2004</a>, p. 216.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELuttwak197653-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELuttwak197653_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLuttwak1976">Luttwak 1976</a>, p. 53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatyszak2004217-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatyszak2004217_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMatyszak2004">Matyszak 2004</a>, p. 217.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Romanis_REquote01-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Romanis_REquote01_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.roman-emperors.org/assobd.htm#t-inx">"De Imperatoribus Romanis"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(Assorted Imperial Battle Descriptions)</span>. <i>An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Emperors</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2007</span>. <q>Battle of Sarmizegetusa (Sarmizegetuza), AD 105. During Trajan's reign Rome achieved victory over the Dacians. The first important confrontation between the Romans and the Dacians took place in the year AD 87 and was initiated by Domitian. The <a href="/wiki/Praetorian_prefect" title="Praetorian prefect">praetorian prefect</a> <a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Fuscus" title="Cornelius Fuscus">Cornelius</a> led five or six legions across the Danube on a bridge of ships and advanced towards <a href="/wiki/Banat" title="Banat">Banat</a> (in Romania). The Romans were surprised by a Dacian attack at Tapae (near the village of <a href="/wiki/B%C4%83u%C8%9Bar" title="Băuțar">Bucova</a>, in Romania). Legion V Alaude was crushed and Cornelius Fuscus was killed. The victorious general was originally known as <a href="/wiki/Diurpaneus" class="mw-redirect" title="Diurpaneus">Diurpaneus</a> (see Manea, p. 109), but after this victory he was called Decebalus (the brave one).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=De+Imperatoribus+Romanis&rft.btitle=An+Online+Encyclopedia+of+Roman+Emperors&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.roman-emperors.org%2Fassobd.htm%23t-inx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADacia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKoch" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Koch, Nándor. Mangold, Lajos; Horváth, Cirill; Ballagi, Aladár (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adt.arcanum.com/hu/collection/MTA_TolnaiVilagtortenelme/"><i>Tolnai Világtörténelme</i></a> [<i>World history of Tolnai</i>] (in Hungarian). <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a>. p. 180.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tolnai+Vil%C3%A1gt%C3%B6rt%C3%A9nelme&rft.place=Budapest&rft.pages=180&rft.aulast=Koch&rft.aufirst=N%C3%A1ndor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fadt.arcanum.com%2Fhu%2Fcollection%2FMTA_TolnaiVilagtortenelme%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADacia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatyszak2004219-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatyszak2004219_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMatyszak2004">Matyszak 2004</a>, p. 219.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldsworthy2004329-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldsworthy2004329_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoldsworthy2004">Goldsworthy 2004</a>, p. 329.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatyszak2004222-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatyszak2004222_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMatyszak2004">Matyszak 2004</a>, p. 222.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatyszak2004223-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatyszak2004223_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMatyszak2004">Matyszak 2004</a>, p. 223.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELuttwak197654-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELuttwak197654_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLuttwak1976">Luttwak 1976</a>, p. 54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStoica191952-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStoica191952_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStoica1919">Stoica 1919</a>, p. 52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELuttwak197639-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELuttwak197639_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLuttwak1976">Luttwak 1976</a>, p. 39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Bennett. <i>Trajan Optimus Princips</i>, Routledge, London and New York, 1997, pp. xii–xiii</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sinnegen & Boak. <i>A History of Rome to A.D. 565</i>, 6th ed. MacMillan Publishing Co., New York, 1977 p. 312</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Of the Manner in which the persecutors died" by <a href="/wiki/Lactantius" title="Lactantius">Lactantius</a> (early Christian author AD 240–320)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Naissus" title="Battle of Naissus">Battle of Naissus</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cladius_Gothicus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cladius Gothicus (page does not exist)">Cladius Gothicus</a>. Beside Zosimuss account there is also Historia Augusta, The Life of Claudius.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEutropious" class="citation web cs1">Eutropious. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090220200338/http://www.ccel.org/p/pearse/morefathers/eutropius_breviarium_2_text.htm">"Eutropius, Abridgment of Roman History (Historiae Romanae Breviarium)"</a>. <i>www.ccel.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccel.org/p/pearse/morefathers/eutropius_breviarium_2_text.htm">the original</a> on 20 February 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ccel.org&rft.atitle=Eutropius%2C+Abridgment+of+Roman+History+%28Historiae+Romanae+Breviarium%29&rft.au=Eutropious&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ccel.org%2Fp%2Fpearse%2Fmorefathers%2Feutropius_breviarium_2_text.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADacia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadgearu200864–126-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadgearu200864–126_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadgearu200864–126_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMadgearu2008">Madgearu 2008</a>, pp. 64–126.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeather1996" class="citation book cs1">Heather, Peter (1996). <i>The Goths</i>. Blackwell Publishers. pp. 62, 63.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Goths&rft.pages=62%2C+63&rft.pub=Blackwell+Publishers&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Heather&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADacia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barnes, Timothy D. (1981). <i>Constantine and Eusebius</i>. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-16531-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-16531-1">978-0-674-16531-1</a>. p. 250.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Costin Croitoru, (Romanian) Sudul Moldovei în cadrul sistemului defensiv roman. Contribuții la cunoașterea valurilor de pământ. Acta terrae septencastrensis, Editura Economica, Sibiu, 2002, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1583-1817">1583-1817</a>, p. 111.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Odahl, Charles Matson. Constantine and the Christian Empire. New York: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>, 2004. Hardcover <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-17485-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-17485-6">0-415-17485-6</a> Paperback <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-38655-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-38655-1">0-415-38655-1</a>, p. 261.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBărbulescu2005185-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBărbulescu2005185_66-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBărbulescu2005185_66-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBărbulescu2005185_66-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBărbulescu2005">Bărbulescu 2005</a>, p. 185.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECurta2005178-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurta2005178_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCurta2005">Curta 2005</a>, p. 178.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEllis1998231–232-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEllis1998231–232_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEllis1998">Ellis 1998</a>, pp. 231–232.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacKendrick1975165–166,_222-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacKendrick1975165–166,_222_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacKendrick1975">MacKendrick 1975</a>, pp. 165–166, 222.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETeodor2005216,_223–224-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETeodor2005216,_223–224_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTeodor2005">Teodor 2005</a>, pp. 216, 223–224.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOpreanu2005110–111-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOpreanu2005110–111_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOpreanu2005">Opreanu 2005</a>, pp. 110–111.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacKendrick197555–56,_221-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacKendrick197555–56,_221_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacKendrick1975">MacKendrick 1975</a>, pp. 55–56, 221.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETreadgold199717–18-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETreadgold199717–18_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTreadgold1997">Treadgold 1997</a>, pp. 17–18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOpreanu2005115-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOpreanu2005115_74-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOpreanu2005115_74-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOpreanu2005">Opreanu 2005</a>, p. 115.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETreadgold199733-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETreadgold199733_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTreadgold1997">Treadgold 1997</a>, p. 33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacKendrick1975165,_221-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacKendrick1975165,_221_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacKendrick1975">MacKendrick 1975</a>, pp. 165, 221.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWolfram198861-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWolfram198861_77-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWolfram198861_77-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWolfram1988">Wolfram 1988</a>, p. 61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeather201072,_75-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeather201072,_75_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeather2010">Heather 2010</a>, pp. 72, 75.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Ammianus Marcellinus: The Later Roman Empire</i> (27.5.), p. 337.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECurta200654–55,_64–65-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECurta200654–55,_64–65_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCurta2006">Curta 2006</a>, pp. 54–55, 64–65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacKendrick1975166,_222-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacKendrick1975166,_222_81-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacKendrick1975">MacKendrick 1975</a>, p. 166, 222.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacKendrick1975178,_222-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacKendrick1975178,_222_82-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacKendrick1975">MacKendrick 1975</a>, pp. 178, 222.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBărbulescu2005181-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBărbulescu2005181_83-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBărbulescu2005">Bărbulescu 2005</a>, p. 181.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaynesHanson200424-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaynesHanson200424_84-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaynesHanson200424_84-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHaynesHanson2004">Haynes & Hanson 2004</a>, p. 24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBărbulescu2005183-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBărbulescu2005183_85-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBărbulescu2005">Bărbulescu 2005</a>, p. 183.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBărbulescu2005186–187-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBărbulescu2005186–187_86-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBărbulescu2005">Bărbulescu 2005</a>, pp. 186–187.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaynesHanson200422–24-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaynesHanson200422–24_87-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHaynesHanson2004">Haynes & Hanson 2004</a>, pp. 22–24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBóna199465-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBóna199465_88-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBóna1994">Bóna 1994</a>, p. 65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWolfram198856–57-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWolfram198856–57_89-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWolfram1988">Wolfram 1988</a>, pp. 56–57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZosimus2002" class="citation cs2">Zosimus (2002), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/zosimus04_book4.htm"><i>The History</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 July</span> 2012</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History&rft.date=2002&rft.au=Zosimus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tertullian.org%2Ffathers%2Fzosimus04_book4.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADacia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeather2010166,_660-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeather2010166,_660_91-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeather2010">Heather 2010</a>, pp. 166, 660.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson200130-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson200130_92-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThompson2001">Thompson 2001</a>, p. 30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeather2010168-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeather2010168_93-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeather2010">Heather 2010</a>, p. 168.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeather2006330-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeather2006330_94-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeather2006">Heather 2006</a>, p. 330.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeather2010151-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeather2010151_95-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeather2010">Heather 2010</a>, p. 151.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zf.ro/auto/topul-celor-mari-corporatii-lume-treime-cele-mari-100-prezente-local-primele-sapte-venituri-mari-cifra-afaceri-totala-companiilor-romania-14678641">"Topul celor mai mari corporaţii din lume. Doar o treime din cele mai mari 100 sunt prezente şi local. Fiecare din primele şapte are venituri mai mari decât cifra de afaceri totală a companiilor din România – Ziarul Financiar"</a>. <i>www.zf.ro</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.zf.ro&rft.atitle=Topul+celor+mai+mari+corpora%C5%A3ii+din+lume.+Doar+o+treime+din+cele+mai+mari+100+sunt+prezente+%C5%9Fi+local.+Fiecare+din+primele+%C5%9Fapte+are+venituri+mai+mari+dec%C3%A2t+cifra+de+afaceri+total%C4%83+a+companiilor+din+Rom%C3%A2nia+%E2%80%93+Ziarul+Financiar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zf.ro%2Fauto%2Ftopul-celor-mari-corporatii-lume-treime-cele-mari-100-prezente-local-primele-sapte-venituri-mari-cifra-afaceri-totala-companiilor-romania-14678641&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADacia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dacia&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAvery1972" class="citation book cs1">Avery, Catherine (1972). <i>The New Century handbook of classical geography</i>. Appleton-Century-Crofts.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Century+handbook+of+classical+geography&rft.pub=Appleton-Century-Crofts&rft.date=1972&rft.aulast=Avery&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADacia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBărbulescu2005" class="citation book cs1">Bărbulescu, Mihai (2005). Pop, Ioan Aurel; Nägler, Thomas (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=96IsAQAAIAAJ&pg=PP1"><i>The History of Transylvania: Until 1541</i></a>. Romanian Cultural Institute. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-973-7784-00-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-973-7784-00-1"><bdi>978-973-7784-00-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Transylvania%3A+Until+1541&rft.pub=Romanian+Cultural+Institute&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-973-7784-00-1&rft.aulast=B%C4%83rbulescu&rft.aufirst=Mihai&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D96IsAQAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADacia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerenger1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jean_B%C3%A9renger" title="Jean Bérenger">Berenger, Jean</a> (1994). <i>A History of the Habsburg Empire 1273–1700</i>. Longman Group United Kingdom. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-582-09009-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-582-09009-5"><bdi>978-0-582-09009-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Habsburg+Empire+1273%E2%80%931700&rft.pub=Longman+Group+United+Kingdom&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-582-09009-5&rft.aulast=Berenger&rft.aufirst=Jean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADacia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerindeiCandea2001" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Berindei, Dan; Candea, Virgil (2001). <i>Mostenirea timpurilor indepartate</i> [<i>The legacy of distant times</i>] (in Romanian). Editura Enciclopedica. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-973450381-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-973450381-0"><bdi>978-973450381-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mostenirea+timpurilor+indepartate&rft.pub=Editura+Enciclopedica&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-973450381-0&rft.aulast=Berindei&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft.au=Candea%2C+Virgil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADacia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBóna1994" class="citation book cs1">Bóna, István (1994). "From Dacia to Transylvania: The Period of the Great Migrations (271–895); The Hungarian–Slav Period (895–1172)". In Köpeczi, Béla; Barta, Gábor; Bóna, István; Makkai, László; Szász, Zoltán; Borus, Judit (eds.). <i>History of Transylvania</i>. Akadémiai Kiadó. pp. 62–177. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/963-05-6703-2" title="Special:BookSources/963-05-6703-2"><bdi>963-05-6703-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=From+Dacia+to+Transylvania%3A+The+Period+of+the+Great+Migrations+%28271%26ndash%3B895%29%3B+The+Hungarian%26ndash%3BSlav+Period+%28895%26ndash%3B1172%29&rft.btitle=History+of+Transylvania&rft.pages=62-177&rft.pub=Akad%C3%A9miai+Kiad%C3%B3&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=963-05-6703-2&rft.aulast=B%C3%B3na&rft.aufirst=Istv%C3%A1n&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADacia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBosworth1980" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Bosworth, A. B. (1980). <i>A Historical Commentary on Arrian's History of Alexander</i>. Vol. 1: Commentary on Books I–III. Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Clarendon_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Clarendon Press">Clarendon Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-019814828-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-019814828-9"><bdi>978-019814828-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Historical+Commentary+on+Arrian%27s+History+of+Alexander&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-019814828-9&rft.aulast=Bosworth&rft.aufirst=A.+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADacia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrodersen2013" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Brodersen, Kai (2013). "Könige im Karpatenbogen" [Kings in the Carpathian Mountains]. <i>Zeitschrift für Siebenbürgische Landeskunde</i> (in German) (36). Heidelberg: Arbeitskreis für Siebenbürgische Landeskunde.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zeitschrift+f%C3%BCr+Siebenb%C3%BCrgische+Landeskunde&rft.atitle=K%C3%B6nige+im+Karpatenbogen&rft.issue=36&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Brodersen&rft.aufirst=Kai&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADacia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Brodersen, Kai (2020). <i>Dacia Felix. Das antike Rumänien im Brennpunkt der Kulturen.</i> Darmstadt: wbg Philipp von Zabern, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8053-5059-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8053-5059-4">978-3-8053-5059-4</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBunbury1979" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Bunbury" title="Edward Bunbury">Bunbury, Edward Herbert</a> (1979) [First published 1883]. <i>A history of ancient geography among the Greeks and Romans: from the earliest ages till the fall of the Roman Empire</i>. Vol. 2. J. C. 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Târgoviște: Editura Cetatea de Scaun. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-973-8966-70-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-973-8966-70-3"><bdi>978-973-8966-70-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/441953854">441953854</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Istoria+militar%C4%83+a+Daciei+post-romane+%3A+275%E2%80%93376&rft.place=T%C3%A2rgovi%C8%99te&rft.pub=Editura+Cetatea+de+Scaun&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F441953854&rft.isbn=978-973-8966-70-3&rft.aulast=Madgearu&rft.aufirst=Alexandru&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADacia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalloryAdams1997" class="citation book cs1">Mallory, J. 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International Scholars Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-157309221-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-157309221-0"><bdi>978-157309221-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Origins+of+the+Europeans%3A+Classical+Observations+in+Culture+and+Personality&rft.pub=International+Scholars+Publications&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-157309221-0&rft.aulast=Shelley&rft.aufirst=William+Scott&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADacia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStoica1919" class="citation book cs1">Stoica, Vasile (1919). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wdl.org/en/item/7314/view/1/52/"><i>The Roumanian Question: The Roumanians and their Lands</i></a>. Pittsburgh: Pittsburgh Printing Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Roumanian+Question%3A+The+Roumanians+and+their+Lands&rft.place=Pittsburgh&rft.pub=Pittsburgh+Printing+Company&rft.date=1919&rft.aulast=Stoica&rft.aufirst=Vasile&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wdl.org%2Fen%2Fitem%2F7314%2Fview%2F1%2F52%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADacia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor2001" class="citation book cs1">Taylor, Timothy (2001). <i><span></span>'Northeastern European Iron Age' and 'East Central European Iron Age'<span></span></i>. Springer Published in conjunction with the Human Relations Area Files. pp. 210–221 & 79–90. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-306-46258-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-306-46258-0"><bdi>978-0-306-46258-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%27Northeastern+European+Iron+Age%27+and+%27East+Central+European+Iron+Age%27&rft.pages=210-221+%26+79-90&rft.pub=Springer+Published+in+conjunction+with+the+Human+Relations+Area+Files&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-306-46258-0&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADacia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTeodor2005" class="citation book cs1">Teodor, Eugen S. (2005). "The Shadow of a Frontier: The Wallachian Plain during the Justinian Age". In Curta, Florin (ed.). <i>Borders, Barriers, and Ethnogenesis: Frontiers in Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages</i>. Brepols. pp. 205–245. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-503-51529-0" title="Special:BookSources/2-503-51529-0"><bdi>2-503-51529-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Shadow+of+a+Frontier%3A+The+Wallachian+Plain+during+the+Justinian+Age&rft.btitle=Borders%2C+Barriers%2C+and+Ethnogenesis%3A+Frontiers+in+Late+Antiquity+and+the+Middle+Ages&rft.pages=205-245&rft.pub=Brepols&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=2-503-51529-0&rft.aulast=Teodor&rft.aufirst=Eugen+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADacia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompson2001" class="citation book cs1">Thompson, E. A. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hunspeoplesofeur00eath"><i>The Huns</i></a>. Blackwell Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-631-15899-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-631-15899-5"><bdi>0-631-15899-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Huns&rft.pub=Blackwell+Publishers&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-631-15899-5&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=E.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhunspeoplesofeur00eath&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADacia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTreadgold1997" class="citation book cs1">Treadgold, Warren (1997). <i>A History of the Byzantine State and Society</i>. Stanford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8047-2630-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8047-2630-2"><bdi>0-8047-2630-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Byzantine+State+and+Society&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-8047-2630-2&rft.aulast=Treadgold&rft.aufirst=Warren&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADacia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVicoPinton2004" class="citation book cs1">Vico, Giambattista; Pinton, Giorgio A. (2004). <i>Statecraft: The Deeds of Antonio Carafa</i>. <a href="/wiki/Peter_Lang_(publisher)" title="Peter Lang (publisher)">Peter Lang Pub Inc</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8204-6828-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8204-6828-0"><bdi>978-0-8204-6828-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Statecraft%3A+The+Deeds+of+Antonio+Carafa&rft.pub=Peter+Lang+Pub+Inc&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-8204-6828-0&rft.aulast=Vico&rft.aufirst=Giambattista&rft.au=Pinton%2C+Giorgio+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADacia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaldmanMason2006" class="citation book cs1">Waldman, Carl; Mason, Catherine (2006). <i>Encyclopedia of European Peoples, 2-Volume Set</i>. <a href="/wiki/Facts_on_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Facts on File">Facts on File</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8160-4964-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8160-4964-6"><bdi>978-0-8160-4964-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+European+Peoples%2C+2-Volume+Set&rft.pub=Facts+on+File&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-8160-4964-6&rft.aulast=Waldman&rft.aufirst=Carl&rft.au=Mason%2C+Catherine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADacia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWolfram1988" class="citation book cs1">Wolfram, Herwig (1988). <i>History of the Goths</i>. University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-06983-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-520-06983-8"><bdi>0-520-06983-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Goths&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-520-06983-8&rft.aulast=Wolfram&rft.aufirst=Herwig&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADacia" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dacia&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Dacia" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Dacia">Dacia</a> at Wikimedia Commons </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150219011916/https://soltdm.com/index.htm">"SOLTDM Index"</a>. <i>soltdm.com</i>. 28 November 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://soltdm.com/index.htm">the original</a> on 19 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=soltdm.com&rft.atitle=SOLTDM+Index&rft.date=2006-11-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsoltdm.com%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADacia" class="Z3988"></span> – <i>Sorin Olteanu's Thraco-Daco-Moesian Languages Project</i> (SoLTDM) (sources, thesaurus, textual criticism, phonetics and morphology, substratum, historical geography a.o.)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://groups.google.com/a/googleproductforums.com/group/gec-history-illustrated-moderated/attach/a0f3eeea10158c1/Dacia%20-%20The%20historic%20region%20in%20East-Central%09Europe.kmz?part=3">Dacia – The historic region in East-Central Europe (includes Roman Castra)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Periods/Roman/_Texts/Ptolemy/3/5*.html">Ptolemy's <i>Geography</i>, book III, chapter 5</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unrv.com/provinces/dacia.php/">UNRV Dacia article</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090601095450/http://sights.seindal.dk/sight/299_Arch_of_Constantine-all.html">sights.seindal.dk</a> – Dacians as they appear on the Arch of Constantine</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fectio.org.uk/articles/draco.htm">www.fectio.org.uk</a> – Draco Late Roman military standard</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stoa.org/trajan">www.stoa.org/trajan</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041011151253/http://www.stoa.org/trajan/">Archived</a> 2004-10-11 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – Dacian Wars on <a href="/wiki/Trajan%27s_Column" title="Trajan's Column">Trajan's Column</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.losttrails.com/pages/Hproject/ThracoGetae/ThracoGetae01-00.html">Journey to the Land of the Cloud Rovers</a> – photographic slide show of Sarmizegetusa.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tjbuggey.ancients.info/dacian.html">Dacia on coins</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rrimitations.ancients.info/index.html">Dacian coins</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:95%; clear: both;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;">Preceded by<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_the_Balkans" class="mw-redirect" title="Prehistory of the Balkans">Prehistory of the Balkans</a></b> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><b><a href="/wiki/History_of_Romania" title="History of Romania">History of Romania</a></b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;">Succeeded by<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Roman_Dacia" title="Roman Dacia">Roman Dacia</a></b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Dacia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dacia_topics" title="Template:Dacia topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dacia_topics" title="Template talk:Dacia topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dacia_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dacia topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Dacia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dacia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Dacian_tribes" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Dacian tribes">Tribes</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Daco-Thracian_peoples_and_tribes" title="List of ancient Daco-Thracian peoples and tribes">List</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aedi" title="Aedi">Aedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albocenses" title="Albocenses">Albocenses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anartes" title="Anartes">Anartes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apuli" title="Apuli">Apuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biephi" title="Biephi">Biephi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessi" title="Bessi">Bessi</a>/<a href="/wiki/Bessoi" class="mw-redirect" title="Bessoi">Bessoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burs_(Dacia)" title="Burs (Dacia)">Burs (Dacia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carpi_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Carpi people">Carpi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciaginsi" title="Ciaginsi">Ciaginsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clariae" title="Clariae">Clariae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costoboci" title="Costoboci">Costoboci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crobidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Crobidae">Crobidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacians" title="Dacians">Daci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Getae" title="Getae">Getae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moesi" title="Moesi">Moesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peukini" class="mw-redirect" title="Peukini">Peukini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piephigi" title="Piephigi">Piephigi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potulatenses" title="Potulatenses">Potulatenses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Predasenses" title="Predasenses">Predasenses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhadacenses" title="Rhadacenses">Rhadacenses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saldenses" title="Saldenses">Saldenses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scaugdae" title="Scaugdae">Scaugdae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senses_(tribe)" title="Senses (tribe)">Senses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suci" title="Suci">Suci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terizi" title="Terizi">Terizi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teurisci" title="Teurisci">Teurisci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trixae" title="Trixae">Trixae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyragetae" title="Tyragetae">Tyragetae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troglodytae#In_Strabo" title="Troglodytae">Troglodytae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Dacian_kings" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Dacian kings">Kings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coson" class="mw-redirect" title="Coson">Coson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cothelas" title="Cothelas">Cothelas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dromichaetes" title="Dromichaetes">Dromichaetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moskon" title="Moskon">Moskon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oroles" title="Oroles">Oroles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhemaxos" title="Rhemaxos">Rhemaxos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubobostes" title="Rubobostes">Rubobostes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zalmodegicus" class="mw-redirect" title="Zalmodegicus">Zalmodegicus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dacian nucleus in Transylvania<sup><small>1</small></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burebista" title="Burebista">Burebista</a> (82/61–44 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deceneus" title="Deceneus">Deceneus</a> (44 BC–???)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comosicus" title="Comosicus">Comosicus</a> (9 BC(?)–30s AD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scorilo" title="Scorilo">Scorilo</a> (c. 30s–70 AD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duras_(Dacian_king)" title="Duras (Dacian king)">Duras</a> (c. 69–87 AD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decebalus" title="Decebalus">Decebalus</a> (87–106 AD)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dacian kingdom of Banat and Oltenia<sup><small>1</small></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cotiso" title="Cotiso">Cotiso</a> (c. 40–c. 9 BC)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dacian kingdom of Dobruja<sup><small>1</small></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dapyx" title="Dapyx">Dapyx</a> (1st-century BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rholes" title="Rholes">Rholes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zyraxes" title="Zyraxes">Zyraxes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dacian kingdom of Wallachia and<br />southern Moldavia and Transylvania<sup><small>1</small></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dicomes" title="Dicomes">Dicomes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Dacians" title="Dacians">Culture and<br />civilization</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.8em;font-weight:normal;">Artifacts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Koson_(coin)" title="Koson (coin)">Coinage</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Dacia_and_Dacians" class="extiw" title="commons:Dacia and Dacians">Art, jewellery, treasures, tools</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Dacian_bracelets" title="Dacian bracelets">bracelets</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thracian_clothing" title="Thracian clothing">Clothing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.8em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Dacian_language" title="Dacian language">Language</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belagines" title="Belagines">Belagines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Romanian_words_of_possible_Dacian_origin" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Romanian words of possible Dacian origin">Words of possible Dacian origin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Dacian_plant_names" title="List of Dacian plant names">Dacian plant names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Dacian_names" title="List of Dacian names">Dacian names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacian_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Dacian script">Dacian script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinaia_lead_plates" title="Sinaia lead plates">Sinaia lead plates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daco-Thracian" class="mw-redirect" title="Daco-Thracian">Daco-Thracian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thracian_language" title="Thracian language">Thracian language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thraco-Illyrian" title="Thraco-Illyrian">Thraco-Illyrian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.8em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Paleo-Balkan_mythology" title="Paleo-Balkan mythology">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Deities" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Deities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bendis" title="Bendis">Bendis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deceneus" title="Deceneus">Deceneus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derzelas" title="Derzelas">Derzelas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysus" title="Dionysus">Dionysus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gebeleizis" title="Gebeleizis">Gebeleizis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotys_(Thracian_goddess)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kotys (Thracian goddess)">Kotys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleistoros" title="Pleistoros">Pleistoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabazios" title="Sabazios">Sabazios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semele" title="Semele">Semele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siren_(mythology)" title="Siren (mythology)">Seirenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silenus" title="Silenus">Silenus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zalmoxis" title="Zalmoxis">Zalmoxis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dacian_Draco" class="mw-redirect" title="Dacian Draco">Dacian Draco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kogaionon" title="Kogaionon">Kogaionon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.8em;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_cities_in_Thrace_and_Dacia" title="List of ancient cities in Thrace and Dacia">Settlements</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_Dacian_towns_and_fortresses" title="List of Dacian towns and fortresses">Fortresses</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sarmizegetusa_Regia" title="Sarmizegetusa Regia">Sarmizegetusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argidava" title="Argidava">Argidava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buridava" title="Buridava">Buridava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumidava" title="Cumidava">Cumidava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piroboridava" title="Piroboridava">Piroboridava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sucidava" title="Sucidava">Sucidava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dava_(Dacian)" title="Dava (Dacian)">Davae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacian_Fortresses_of_the_Or%C4%83%C8%99tie_Mountains" title="Dacian Fortresses of the Orăștie Mountains">Dacian Fortresses of the Orăștie Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murus_Dacicus" title="Murus Dacicus">Murus Dacicus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.8em;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Foreign<br />relations</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_cities_in_Thrace_and_Dacia#West_Thracian_and_Dacian_coast" title="List of ancient cities in Thrace and Dacia">Greeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_cities_in_Thrace_and_Dacia#Celtic" title="List of ancient cities in Thrace and Dacia">Celts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcomannic_Wars" title="Marcomannic Wars">Germanic tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decree_of_Dionysopolis" title="Decree of Dionysopolis">Romans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.8em;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Dacian_warfare" title="Dacian warfare">Warfare</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Falx" title="Falx">Falx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sica" title="Sica">Sica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thracian_warfare" title="Thracian warfare">Thracian warfare</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Wars with the<br /><a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.8em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Domitian%27s_Dacian_War" title="Domitian's Dacian War">Domitian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Domitian%27s_Dacian_War" title="Domitian's Dacian War">First Battle of Tapae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.8em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Trajan%27s_Dacian_Wars" title="Trajan's Dacian Wars">Trajan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Dacian_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First Dacian War">First War</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Tapae" title="Second Battle of Tapae">Second Battle of Tapae</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Adamclisi" title="Battle of Adamclisi">Battle of Adamclisi</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Dacian_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Dacian War">Second War</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarmizegetusa" title="Battle of Sarmizegetusa">Battle of Sarmizegetusa</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Dacia" title="Roman Dacia">Roman Dacia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Free_Dacians" title="Free Dacians">Free Dacians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dacia_Traiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Dacia Traiana">Dacia Traiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moesia" title="Moesia">Moesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scythia_Minor_(Dobruja)" title="Scythia Minor (Dobruja)">Scythia Minor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacia_Aureliana" title="Dacia Aureliana">Dacia Aureliana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Dacia" title="Diocese of Dacia">Diocese of Dacia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacia_Mediterranea" title="Dacia Mediterranea">Dacia Mediterranea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacia_Ripensis" title="Dacia Ripensis">Dacia Ripensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trajan" title="Trajan">Trajan</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Trajan%27s_Bridge" title="Trajan's Bridge">Bridge</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Trajan%27s_Column" title="Trajan's Column">Column</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_cities_in_Thrace_and_Dacia#Roman" title="List of ancient cities in Thrace and Dacia">Towns and cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_castra_in_Dacia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of castra in Dacia">Castra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.8em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Limes_(Roman_Empire)" title="Limes (Roman Empire)">Limes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Limes_Alutanus" title="Limes Alutanus">Alutanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limes_Moesiae" class="mw-redirect" title="Limes Moesiae">Moesiae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limes_Porolissensis" title="Limes Porolissensis">Porolissensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devil%27s_Dykes" title="Devil's Dykes">Sarmatiae (Devil's Dykes)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limes_Transalutanus" title="Limes Transalutanus">Transalutanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trajan%27s_Wall" title="Trajan's Wall">Trajan's Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazda_lui_Novac" title="Brazda lui Novac">Brazda lui Novac</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.8em;font-weight:normal;">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daco-Roman" title="Daco-Roman">Daco-Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thraco-Roman" title="Thraco-Roman">Thraco-Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Romance_substratum" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Romance substratum">Eastern Romance substratum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Research</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dacian_archaeology" title="Category:Dacian archaeology">Archaeology</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Archaeological_sites_in_Romania" title="Category:Archaeological sites in Romania">sites in Romania</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Books_about_Dacia" title="Category:Books about Dacia">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacianism" title="Dacianism">Dacianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacology" title="Dacology">Dacology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thracology" title="Thracology">Thracology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Dacia" title="Category:Dacia">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:WikiProject_Dacia" class="extiw" title="commons:Commons:WikiProject Dacia">Commons</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Dacia" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Dacia">WikiProject</a></li> <li><sup><small>1</small></sup> Dacian kingdoms succeeding Burebista's state and preceding Decebalus' state</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ancient_Dacian_cities_and/or_fortresses" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dacian_cities" title="Template:Dacian cities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dacian_cities" title="Template talk:Dacian cities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dacian_cities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dacian cities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ancient_Dacian_cities_and/or_fortresses" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Dacian_towns_and_fortresses" title="List of Dacian towns and fortresses">Ancient Dacian cities and/or fortresses</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acidava" title="Acidava">Acidava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acmonia,_Dacia" title="Acmonia, Dacia">Acmonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aedava" title="Aedava">Aedava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aiadava" title="Aiadava">Aiadava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aizis" title="Aizis">Aizis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amutria" title="Amutria">Amutria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apulon" title="Apulon">Apulon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arcina,_Dacia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arcina, Dacia (page does not exist)">Arcina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcobadara" class="mw-redirect" title="Arcobadara">Arcobadara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argedava" title="Argedava">Argedava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argidava" title="Argidava">Argidava</a> (Arcidava)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arutela" title="Arutela">Arutela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berzovia" title="Berzovia">Berzobis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bregedava" title="Bregedava">Bregedava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brucla" class="mw-redirect" title="Brucla">Brucla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buricodava" title="Buricodava">Buricodava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buridava" title="Buridava">Buridava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buteridava" title="Buteridava">Buteridava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capidava" title="Capidava">Capidava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carsidava" title="Carsidava">Carsidava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clepidava" title="Clepidava">Clepidava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumidava" title="Cumidava">Cumidava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danedevae" title="Danedevae">Danedevae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dausdava" title="Dausdava">Dausdava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desudaba" title="Desudaba">Desudaba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diacum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diacum (page does not exist)">Diacum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dierna_(Dacia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dierna (Dacia) (page does not exist)">Dierna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinogetia" title="Dinogetia">Dinogetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Docidava" title="Docidava">Docidava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drobeta_(ancient_city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Drobeta (ancient city)">Drobeta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Egeta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Egeta (page does not exist)">Egeta</a></li> <li>Gatae</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaccea" title="Isaccea">Genucla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germisara_(ancient_city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Germisara (ancient city)">Germisara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gildava" title="Gildava">Gildava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giridava" title="Giridava">Giridava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itadava" title="Itadava">Itadava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keiladeva" title="Keiladeva">Keiladeva</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klepidaua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klepidaua (page does not exist)">Klepidaua</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuimedaba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuimedaba (page does not exist)">Kuimedaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romula" title="Romula">Malva</a> (Romula)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcodava_(Dacia)" title="Marcodava (Dacia)">Marcodava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murideva" title="Murideva">Murideva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoca_(ancient_city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoca (ancient city)">Napoca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nentidava" title="Nentidava">Nentidava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oescus" title="Oescus">Oescus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patridava_(Dacia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patridava (Dacia) (page does not exist)">Patridava</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patruissa_(Dacia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patruissa (Dacia) (page does not exist)">Patruissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelendava" title="Pelendava">Pelendava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perburidava" title="Perburidava">Perburidava</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petrodava_(Dacia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Petrodava (Dacia) (page does not exist)">Petrodava</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinon,_Dacia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pinon, Dacia (page does not exist)">Pinon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piroboridava" title="Piroboridava">Piroboridava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polondava" title="Polondava">Polondava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potaissa" class="mw-redirect" title="Potaissa">Potaissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plovdiv" title="Plovdiv">Pulpudeva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quemedava" title="Quemedava">Quemedava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramidava" title="Ramidava">Ramidava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratiaria" title="Ratiaria">Ratiaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recidava" title="Recidava">Recidava</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romboses&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Romboses (page does not exist)">Romboses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rusidava" title="Rusidava">Rusidava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacidava_(Dacia)" title="Sacidava (Dacia)">Sacidava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacidava_(Moesia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacidava (Moesia)">Sagadava</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sandava_(Dacia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sandava (Dacia) (page does not exist)">Sandava</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sangidaua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sangidaua (page does not exist)">Sangidaua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarmizegetusa_Regia" title="Sarmizegetusa Regia">Sarmizegetusa Regia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scaidava" title="Scaidava">Scaidava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setidava" title="Setidava">Setidava</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Singidava_(Dacia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Singidava (Dacia) (page does not exist)">Singidava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sucidava" title="Sucidava">Sucidava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sucidava,_Moesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sucidava, Moesia">Sucidava, Moesia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Susudava&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Susudava (page does not exist)">Susudava</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sykidaba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sykidaba (page does not exist)">Sykidaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamasidava" title="Tamasidava">Tamasidava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapae" title="Tapae">Tapae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermidava" title="Thermidava">Thermidava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibiscum" title="Tibiscum">Tibiscum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tirista_(Dacia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tirista (Dacia) (page does not exist)">Tirista</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsierna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tsierna (page does not exist)">Tsierna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrida" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyrida">Tyrida</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utidava_(Dacia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Utidava (Dacia) (page does not exist)">Utidava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaldapa" title="Zaldapa">Zaldapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zargidava" title="Zargidava">Zargidava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeugma,_Dacia" class="mw-redirect" title="Zeugma, Dacia">Zeugma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zidava" title="Zidava">Zidava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zikideva" title="Zikideva">Zikideva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimnicea" title="Zimnicea">Zimnicea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziridava" title="Ziridava">Ziridava</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zisnudeva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zisnudeva (page does not exist)">Zisnudeva</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zucidaua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zucidaua (page does not exist)">Zucidaua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zurobara" title="Zurobara">Zurobara</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zusidava_(Dacia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zusidava (Dacia) (page does not exist)">Zusidava</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Cities/fortresses with unknown names</dt></dl> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Aghire%C8%99u" title="Dacian fortress of Aghireșu">Aghireșu</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Ardan" title="Dacian fortress of Ardan">Ardan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Ardeu" title="Dacian fortress of Ardeu">Ardeu</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Arpa%C8%99u_de_Sus" class="mw-redirect" title="Dacian fortress of Arpașu de Sus">Arpașu de Sus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Augustin" title="Dacian fortress of Augustin">Augustin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_B%C4%83ile_Tu%C8%99nad" title="Dacian fortress of Băile Tușnad">Băile Tușnad</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_B%C4%83leni-Rom%C3%A2ni" title="Dacian fortress of Băleni-Români">Băleni-Români</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_B%C4%83ni%C8%9Ba" title="Dacian fortress of Bănița">Bănița</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_B%C3%A2zd%C3%A2na" title="Dacian fortress of Bâzdâna">Bâzdâna</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Beidaud" title="Dacian fortress of Beidaud">Beidaud</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Boc%C8%99a" title="Dacian fortress of Bocșa">Bocșa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Boro%C8%99neu_Mic" title="Dacian fortress of Boroșneu Mic">Boroșneu Mic</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Bo%C8%99orod" title="Dacian fortress of Boșorod">Boșorod</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Botfei" title="Dacian fortress of Botfei">Botfei</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Breaza" title="Dacian fortress of Breaza">Breaza</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Bretea_Mure%C8%99an%C4%83" title="Dacian fortress of Bretea Mureșană">Bretea Mureșană</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Bucium" title="Dacian fortress of Bucium">Bucium</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_C%C4%83p%C3%A2lna" title="Dacian fortress of Căpâlna">Căpâlna</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Cernat" title="Dacian fortress of Cernat">Cernat</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Cet%C4%83%C8%9Beni" title="Dacian fortress of Cetățeni">Cetățeni</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Cioclovina" title="Dacian fortress of Cioclovina">Cioclovina</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Clopotiva" title="Dacian fortress of Clopotiva">Clopotiva</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Coste%C8%99ti-Blidaru_Dacian_fortress" title="Costești-Blidaru Dacian fortress">"Costești-Blidaru"</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Coste%C8%99ti-Cet%C4%83%C8%9Buie_Dacian_fortress" title="Costești-Cetățuie Dacian fortress">"Costești-Cetățuie"</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Cotnari" title="Dacian fortress of Cotnari">Cotnari</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Co%C8%9Bofenii_din_Dos" title="Dacian fortress of Coțofenii din Dos">Coțofenii din Dos</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Covasna" title="Dacian fortress of Covasna">Covasna</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Cozia" title="Dacian fortress of Cozia">Cozia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Cr%C4%83sanii_de_Jos" title="Dacian fortress of Crăsanii de Jos">Crăsanii de Jos</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Crive%C8%99ti" title="Dacian fortress of Crivești">Crivești</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Crizbav" title="Dacian fortress of Crizbav">Crizbav</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Cuciulata" title="Dacian fortress of Cuciulata">Cuciulata</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Cucui%C8%99_-_Dealul_Golu" class="mw-redirect" title="Dacian fortress of Cucuiș - Dealul Golu">"Cucuiș - Dealul Golu"</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Cucui%C8%99_-_V%C3%A2rful_Berianului" class="mw-redirect" title="Dacian fortress of Cucuiș - Vârful Berianului">"Cucuiș - Vârful Berianului"</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Cugir" title="Dacian fortress of Cugir">Cugir</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_C%C3%A2rlom%C4%83ne%C8%99ti" title="Dacian fortress of Cârlomănești">Cârlomănești</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Dalbo%C8%99e%C8%9B" title="Dacian fortress of Dalboșeț">Dalboșeț</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Densu%C8%99" title="Dacian fortress of Densuș">Densuș</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Divici" title="Dacian fortress of Divici">Divici</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Drajna_de_Sus" title="Dacian fortress of Drajna de Sus">Drajna de Sus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Dumitri%C8%9Ba" title="Dacian fortress of Dumitrița">Dumitrița</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Eliseni" title="Dacian fortress of Eliseni">Eliseni</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Feldioara" title="Dacian fortress of Feldioara">Feldioara</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Fe%C8%9Bele_Albe_Dacian_fortress" title="Fețele Albe Dacian fortress">"Fețele Albe"</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Gr%C4%83di%C8%99tea_de_Munte" title="Dacian fortress of Grădiștea de Munte">Grădiștea de Munte</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Iedera_de_Jos" title="Dacian fortress of Iedera de Jos">Iedera de Jos</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Feleac" title="Dacian fortress of Feleac">Feleac</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Jigodin" title="Dacian fortress of Jigodin">Jigodin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Liubcova" title="Dacian fortress of Liubcova">Liubcova</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Mala_Kopania" title="Dacian fortress of Mala Kopania">Mala Kopania</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Marca" title="Dacian fortress of Marca">Marca</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Mataraua" title="Dacian fortress of Mataraua">Mataraua</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Mere%C8%99ti" title="Dacian fortress of Merești">Merești</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Moine%C8%99ti" title="Dacian fortress of Moinești">Moinești</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Monariu" title="Dacian fortress of Monariu">Monariu</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Monor" title="Dacian fortress of Monor">Monor</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Mo%C8%99na" title="Dacian fortress of Moșna">Moșna</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Ocoli%C8%99u_Mic" title="Dacian fortress of Ocolișu Mic">Ocolișu Mic</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Odorheiu_Secuiesc" title="Dacian fortress of Odorheiu Secuiesc">Odorheiu Secuiesc</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Olteni" title="Dacian fortress of Olteni">Olteni</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_Fortresses_of_the_Or%C4%83%C8%99tie_Mountains" title="Dacian Fortresses of the Orăștie Mountains">Orăștie Mountains</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Petrila" title="Dacian fortress of Petrila">Petrila</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Petro%C8%99ani" title="Dacian fortress of Petroșani">Petroșani</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Piatra_Ro%C8%99ie_Dacian_fortress" title="Piatra Roșie Dacian fortress">"Piatra Roșie"</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Pietroasa_Mic%C4%83" title="Dacian fortress of Pietroasa Mică">Pietroasa Mică</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Pinticu" title="Dacian fortress of Pinticu">Pinticu</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Piscule%C8%99ti" class="mw-redirect" title="Dacian fortress of Pisculești">Pisculești</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Poiana_cu_Cetate" title="Dacian fortress of Poiana cu Cetate">Poiana cu Cetate</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Polovragi" title="Dacian fortress of Polovragi">Polovragi</a></dd> <dd>Ponor</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Pope%C8%99ti_(C%C4%83l%C4%83ra%C8%99i)" title="Dacian fortress of Popești (Călărași)">Popești (Călărași)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Porumbenii_Mari" title="Dacian fortress of Porumbenii Mari">Porumbenii Mari</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Praid" title="Dacian fortress of Praid">Praid</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Raco%C8%99" title="Dacian fortress of Racoș">Racoș</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Racu" title="Dacian fortress of Racu">Racu</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Radovanu_-_Gorgana_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Dacian fortress of Radovanu - Gorgana I">Radovanu - Gorgana I</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Radovanu_-_Jidovescu" class="mw-redirect" title="Dacian fortress of Radovanu - Jidovescu">Radovanu - Jidovescu</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Roade%C8%99" title="Dacian fortress of Roadeș">Roadeș</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Rovinari" title="Dacian fortress of Rovinari">Rovinari</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Ru%C8%99or" title="Dacian fortress of Rușor">Rușor</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Sacalas%C4%83u" title="Dacian fortress of Sacalasău">Sacalasău</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Satu_Mare_(Harghita)" title="Dacian fortress of Satu Mare (Harghita)">Satu Mare (Harghita)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Satu_Nou" title="Dacian fortress of Satu Nou">Satu Nou</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_S%C3%A2nzieni" title="Dacian fortress of Sânzieni">Sânzieni</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Seimeni" class="mw-redirect" title="Dacian fortress of Seimeni">Seimeni</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Socol" title="Dacian fortress of Socol">Socol</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Spr%C3%A2ncenata" title="Dacian fortress of Sprâncenata">Sprâncenata</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_St%C3%A2nce%C8%99ti" title="Dacian fortress of Stâncești">Stâncești</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Stoina" title="Dacian fortress of Stoina">Stoina</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_%C8%98eica_Mic%C4%83" title="Dacian fortress of Șeica Mică">Șeica Mică</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_T%C4%83%C8%99ad" title="Dacian fortress of Tășad">Tășad</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Teli%C8%9Ba" title="Dacian fortress of Telița">Telița</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Teliu" title="Dacian fortress of Teliu">Teliu</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Tili%C8%99ca" title="Dacian fortress of Tilișca">Tilișca</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Timi%C8%99u_de_Jos" title="Dacian fortress of Timișu de Jos">Timișu de Jos</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Turia" title="Dacian fortress of Turia">Turia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Unip" title="Dacian fortress of Unip">Unip</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Uroi" title="Dacian fortress of Uroi">Uroi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Valea_Seac%C4%83" title="Dacian fortress of Valea Seacă">Valea Seacă</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Vii%C8%99oara_Mo%C8%99neni" title="Dacian fortress of Viișoara Moșneni">Viișoara Moșneni</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Zempl%C3%ADn" title="Dacian fortress of Zemplín">Zemplín</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dacian_fortress_of_Zetea" title="Dacian fortress of Zetea">Zetea</a></dd></dl> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Teritoriul_onomastic_al_elementului_dava_-_Sorin_Olteanu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Teritoriul_onomastic_al_elementului_dava_-_Sorin_Olteanu.jpg/150px-Teritoriul_onomastic_al_elementului_dava_-_Sorin_Olteanu.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Teritoriul_onomastic_al_elementului_dava_-_Sorin_Olteanu.jpg/225px-Teritoriul_onomastic_al_elementului_dava_-_Sorin_Olteanu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Teritoriul_onomastic_al_elementului_dava_-_Sorin_Olteanu.jpg/300px-Teritoriul_onomastic_al_elementului_dava_-_Sorin_Olteanu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="498" data-file-height="516" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Maps_of_Dacia" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Maps of Dacia">Dacia Maps on Commons</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gec-history-illustrated-a-googleproductforums-com.googlegroups.com/attach/a197e5f12f2b27e8/Dacia%20in%20Thracian%20Times.kmz?gda=XtCxF0cAAACndIc2c0hlbcD0028XoXw5IQjfmfVzefDtziJHSShT5YXWxsuO8mEw7leTDL6evM4bQwFxJw55cVwemAxM-EWmeV4duv6pDMGhhhZdjQlNAw&part=4">Dacian fortresses, settlements, sanctuaries and tombs</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://productforums.google.com/forum/#!topic/gec-history-illustrated/UP4ifrGWXao">(Google Earth Community post)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output 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<li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Prehistoric Romania">Prehistoric Romania</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dacia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Dacia" title="Roman Dacia">Roman Dacia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_the_Early_Middle_Ages" title="Romania in the Early Middle Ages">Early Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Romania in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Modern_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Modern Romania">Early Modern Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Principalities_of_Moldavia_and_Wallachia" title="United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia">United Principalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_World_War_I" title="Romania in World War I">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Romania" title="Greater Romania">Greater Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_World_War_II" title="Romania in World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Romania" title="Socialist Republic of Romania">Communist Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian Revolution">Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Romania_(1989%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Romania (1989–present)">Since 1989</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Romania" title="Geography of Romania">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Romania" title="List of cities and towns in Romania">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Romania" title="Climate of Romania">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Romania" title="Counties of Romania">Counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Romania" title="List of earthquakes in Romania">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Romania" title="Fauna of Romania">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Romania" title="Flora of Romania">Flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_regions_of_Romania" title="Historical regions of Romania">Historical regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Romania" title="List of islands of Romania">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Romania" title="List of lakes of Romania">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Romania" title="List of mountains in Romania">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Romania" title="Protected areas of Romania">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Romania" title="List of rivers of Romania">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_Romania" title="Territorial evolution of Romania">Territorial evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topography_of_Romania" title="Topography of Romania">Topography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Romania" title="Politics of Romania">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Romania" title="Administrative divisions of Romania">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Romania" title="Constitution of Romania">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Romania" title="Elections in Romania">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Romania" title="Foreign relations of Romania">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Romania" title="Government of Romania">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Romania" title="Human rights in Romania">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Romania">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Romania" title="Judiciary of Romania">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Romania">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Armed_Forces" title="Romanian Armed Forces">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Romanian_General_Staff" title="Chief of the Romanian General Staff">Chief of the General Staff</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Romania" title="Parliament of Romania">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Romania" title="List of political parties in Romania">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Romania" title="President of Romania">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Romania" title="Prime Minister of Romania">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Moldova_and_Romania" title="Unification of Moldova and Romania">Unification with Moldova</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Romania" title="Economy of Romania">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Romania" title="Agriculture in Romania">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Romania" title="Energy in Romania">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exports_of_Romania" title="List of exports of Romania">Exports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_direct_investment_in_Romania" title="Foreign direct investment in Romania">Foreign investment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_trade_of_Romania" title="Foreign trade of Romania">Foreign trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_Romania" title="Forestry in Romania">Forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Depression_in_Romania" title="Great Depression in Romania">Great Depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industry_of_Romania" title="Industry of Romania">Industry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Romania" title="Automotive industry in Romania">automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_industry_of_Romania" title="Construction industry of Romania">construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_industry_of_Romania" title="Mining industry of Romania">mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrochemical_industry_in_Romania" title="Petrochemical industry in Romania">petrochemical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_leu" title="Romanian leu">Leu <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_Romania" title="National Bank of Romania">National Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_property_bubble" title="Romanian property bubble">Property bubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Romania" title="Science and technology in Romania">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Services_in_Romania" title="Services in Romania">Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Romania" title="Squatting in Romania">Squatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucharest_Stock_Exchange" title="Bucharest Stock Exchange">Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in Romania">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Romania" title="Tourism in Romania">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Romania" title="Transport in Romania">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Romania" title="Category:Society of Romania">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Romania" title="Crime in Romania">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Romania" title="Demographics of Romania">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Romania" title="Education in Romania">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Romania" title="Healthcare in Romania">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Romania" title="Immigration to Romania">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Romania" title="Languages of Romania">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minorities_in_Romania" title="Minorities in Romania">Minorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Romania" title="Prostitution in Romania">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Romania" title="Public holidays in Romania">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Romania" title="Racism in Romania">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugees_in_Romania" title="Refugees in Romania">Refugees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Romania" title="Religion in Romania">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanians" title="Romanians">Romanians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Romania" title="Romani people in Romania">Gypsies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_structure_of_Romania" title="Social structure of Romania">Social structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systematization_(Romania)" title="Systematization (Romania)">Urban planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_in_Romania" title="Welfare in Romania">Welfare</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Romania" title="Culture of Romania">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Academy" title="Romanian Academy">Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_architecture" title="Romanian architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_art" title="Romanian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Romania" title="Cinema of Romania">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_cuisine" title="Romanian cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_wine" title="Romanian wine">Wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Romania" title="Flag of Romania">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_Romania" title="Folklore of Romania">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_humour" title="Romanian humour">Humour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_literature" title="Romanian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Romania" title="Mass media in Romania">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Romania" title="Music of Romania">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_philosophy" title="Romanian philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Romania" title="Sport in Romania">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Romania" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Romania">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Romania" title="Outline of Romania">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Romania" title="Outline of Romania">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Romania" title="Category:Romania">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Romania" title="Portal:Romania">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style 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class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173082#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/144329877">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4070197-9">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n86060266">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00561243">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Dácie"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge135890&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007560161805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/207065">Pleiades</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Dacia&params=45.7_N_26.5_E_dim:500000"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">45°42′N</span> <span class="longitude">26°30′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">45.7°N 26.5°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">45.7; 26.5</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dacia&oldid=1258547747">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dacia&oldid=1258547747</a>"</div></div> <div 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