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Available in 97 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-97" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">97 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Willy Brandt" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Willy Brandt" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%AA" title="ويلي براندت – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ويلي براندت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Willy Brandt" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Willy Brandt" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villi_Brandt" title="Villi Brandt – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Villi Brandt" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA" title="ویلی برانت – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ویلی برانت" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E2%80%8C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F" title="উইলি ব্র‌্যান্ট – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উইলি ব্র‌্যান্ট" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Вілі Брант – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вілі Брант" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Вілі Брант – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Вілі Брант" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Вили Бранд – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Вили Бранд" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Willy Brandt" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Willy Brandt" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Willy Brandt" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Willy Brandt" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Willy Brandt" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Willy Brandt" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Willy Brandt" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Willy Brandt" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Willy Brandt" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Willy Brandt" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%BB%CF%85_%CE%9C%CF%80%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84" title="Βίλλυ Μπραντ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βίλλυ Μπραντ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Willy Brandt" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Willy Brandt" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Willy Brandt" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Willy Brandt" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA" title="ویلی برانت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویلی برانت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Willy Brandt" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Willy Brandt" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Willy Brandt" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B9%8C%EB%A6%AC_%EB%B8%8C%EB%9E%80%ED%8A%B8" title="빌리 브란트 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="빌리 브란트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%AB_%D4%B2%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%BF" title="Վիլի Բրանդտ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վիլի Բրանդտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F" title="विली ब्रांट – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विली ब्रांट" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Willy Brandt" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Willy Brandt" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Willy Brandt" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Willy Brandt" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Willy Brandt" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Willy Brandt" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Willy Brandt" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99_%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%98" title="וילי ברנדט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="וילי ברנדט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ვილი ბრანდტი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვილი ბრანდტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Willy Brandt" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Willy Brandt" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulielmus_Brandt" title="Gulielmus Brandt – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Gulielmus Brandt" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villijs_Brants" title="Villijs Brants – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Villijs Brants" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Willy Brandt" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Willy Brandt" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Willy Brandt" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Вили Брант – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Вили Брант" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Willy Brandt" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F" title="विली ब्रांट – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="विली ब्रांट" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ვილი ბრანდტი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ვილი ბრანდტი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%AA" title="فيلى براندت – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فيلى براندت" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA" title="ویلی برانت – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ویلی برانت" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Willy Brandt" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Willy Brandt" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%96%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88" title="ヴィリー・ブラント – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヴィリー・ブラント" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Willy Brandt" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Willy Brandt" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Willy Brandt" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Willy Brandt" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Willy Brandt" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA" title="ولی برانت – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ولی برانت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Willy Brandt" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Willy Brandt" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Willy Brandt" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Willy Brandt" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Willy Brandt" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Willy Brandt" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Willy Brandt" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Willy Brandt" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%82,_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Брандт, Вилли – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Брандт, Вилли" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Willy Brandt" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Willy Brandt" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Willy Brandt" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%93_%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%8A" title="විලී බ්‍රන්ට් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="විලී බ්‍රන්ට්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Willy Brandt" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Willy Brandt" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Вили Брант – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Вили Брант" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Willy Brandt" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Willy Brandt" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Willy Brandt" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Willy Brandt" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5_%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%8C" title="วิลลี บรันท์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วิลลี บรันท์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%82" title="Уилли Брандт – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Уилли Брандт" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Willy Brandt" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%96_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%82" title="Віллі Брандт – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Віллі Брандт" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA" title="ولی برانت – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ولی برانت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Willy Brandt" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Willy Brandt" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Willy Brandt" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E5%8B%83%E5%85%B0%E7%89%B9" title="维利·勃兰特 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="维利·勃兰特" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Willy Brandt" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%88%A9%E5%B8%83%E8%98%AD%E7%89%B9" title="威利布蘭特 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="威利布蘭特" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Willy Brandt" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E5%8B%83%E5%85%B0%E7%89%B9" title="维利·勃兰特 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="维利·勃兰特" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F057884-0009%2C_Willy_Brandt.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F057884-0009%2C_Willy_Brandt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="552" data-file-height="776" /></a><figcaption>Willy Brant: Chancellor of West Germany from 1969 to 1974 (in 1980)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Willy Brandt</b> (18 December 1913 – 8 October 1992) was a <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">German</a> <a href="/wiki/Chancellor" title="Chancellor">chancellor</a> from 1969 until 1974. He was born <i>Herbert Ernst Karl Frahm</i> in <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck" title="Lübeck">Lübeck</a>, Germany. He was the leader of the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">Social Democratic Party of Germany</a> 1964–1987 and winner of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a> (1971). He died on 8 October 1992 in <a href="/wiki/Unkel" title="Unkel">Unkel</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Rhine" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhine">Rhine</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Willy_Brandt&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: Biography" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Willy_Brandt&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Biography"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He was born as son of Martha Frahm and John Möller in 1913 in Lübeck. He never met his father and grew up with his mother and his grandfather. </p><p>He fled to <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> when the <a href="/wiki/Nazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi">Nazis</a> took over government in Germany. He led a contact office for the <a href="/wiki/Resistance" class="mw-disambig" title="Resistance">resistance</a> against the Nazi <a href="/wiki/Regime" title="Regime">regime</a>. After he lost his German citizenship, he became <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norwegian</a>. The Germans arrested him when they occupied Norway. He fled to <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>. In 1945, Brandt returned to Germany as writer for <a href="/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia">Scandinavian</a> <a href="/wiki/Newspaper" title="Newspaper">newspapers</a>. </p><p>He was married three times: </p> <ul><li>Carlotta Thorkildsen - 1940 to 1948</li> <li>Rut (Hansen) Bergaust - 1948 to 1980</li> <li>Ruth Seebacher - 1983 to 1992</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_life">Political life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Willy_Brandt&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: Political life" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Willy_Brandt&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Political life"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>His political career started in 1948. He became a <a href="/wiki/Representative" class="mw-disambig" title="Representative">representative</a> for the SPD in the <a href="/wiki/Bundestag" class="mw-redirect" title="Bundestag">Bundestag</a> for a district of <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>. He was member of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=State_parliament&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="State parliament (not yet started)">state parliament</a> of Berlin from 1950 until 1971. </p><p>He became president of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliament_of_Berlin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parliament of Berlin (not yet started)">Parliament of Berlin</a> (1955) and <a href="/wiki/Mayor" title="Mayor">Mayor</a> of Berlin (1957). Willy Brandt started to <a href="/wiki/Campaign" title="Campaign">campaign</a> for the position as Chancellor (Bundeskanzler) for the <a href="/wiki/SPD" class="mw-redirect" title="SPD">Social Democrats (SPD)</a> in 1961. In 1966, he became Vice-Chancellor of the "Grand Coalition" of SPD and the <a href="/wiki/CDU" class="mw-redirect" title="CDU">Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU)</a> under Chancellor <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Georg_Kiesinger" title="Kurt Georg Kiesinger">Kurt Georg Kiesinger</a>. He started the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Social-liberal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social-liberal (not yet started)">social-liberal</a> <a href="/wiki/Coalition" title="Coalition">coalition</a> between the <a href="/wiki/SPD" class="mw-redirect" title="SPD">SPD</a> and the <a href="/wiki/FDP" class="mw-redirect" title="FDP">Free Democratic Party of Germany (FDP)</a>. Willy Brandt became Chancellor in 1969. </p><p>He made many changes in several <a href="/wiki/Politics" title="Politics">political</a> areas. For example: </p><p><br /> </p> <dl><dt>Societal policies</dt></dl> <ul><li>The right to vote at the age of 18 was introduced.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>Efforts to remove the inferior status of women were made.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>More rights at work for employees were granted through a new Works Constitution Act.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>A modernization of the criminal law was carried out. The criminal law was also made more humane.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>Laws against homosexuality were relaxed.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>Environmental protection laws were introduced.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>Censorship was relaxed.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <dl><dt>Educational policies</dt></dl> <ul><li>Fees were eliminated while new higher education institutions were established.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>The number of scholarships was increased.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>An Educational Support Law was introduced in 1971 that provided grants to students from lower income groups.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>The school leaving age was raised to 16. This allowed for 10 years of compulsory schooling.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <dl><dt>Housing policies</dt></dl> <ul><li>New housing legislation was introduced that improved protection for tenants and procedures for rent control.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>A new Housing Benefit was introduced, aimed at providing better economic security for low-income tenants.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>A long-term housebuilding programme was launched in 1971.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <dl><dt>Health and welfare policies</dt></dl> <ul><li>The costs of preventive measures were added to the obligations of sickness funds. <sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>An expansion of social assistance was carried out.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>Legislation on hospital building, according to one study, “established a new system of joint funding of capital programmes according to explicit planning criteria.” <sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>A Pension Reform Act was introduced in 1972 which, according to one study, “made the rights to a pension less dependent on past financial contributions.”<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>A flexible retirement age as introduced.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>Dynamic state pensions for war victims were introduced.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>Low pensions were improved through “the employment of a notional minimum wage in the calculation procedure” according to one study.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>The retirement age was reduced to 63 in 1973.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>Health and Accident Insurance was made more effective.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>More people became entitled to child benefit.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>Unemployment and family allowances were increased.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <dl><dt>Agricultural policies</dt></dl> <ul><li>Various forms of assistance were provided to farmers. These included soft loans, high-quality seeds, financial grants and subsidies.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>Old age assistance for farmers was improved.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>Water management and cultural building measures for peasants were strengthened.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>Health insurance for farmers was introduced.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>Sewage treatment measures were adopted to protect plantings.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>Agricultural information and advice was increased.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <dl><dt>Military policies</dt></dl> <ul><li>The position of non-commissioned officers was improved.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>Volunteers were attracted through measures such as improving barracks life.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>Measures were carried out to provide officers with an academic education.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>Conscription was reduced to 18 months.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <dl><dt>Foreign policies</dt></dl> <ul><li>The New Eastern Politics of Western Germany.</li></ul> <p>He travelled to <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> to improve relationships. His acceptance the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oder-Neisse_Line&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oder-Neisse Line (not yet started)">Oder-Neisse Line</a> and many of <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/controversy" class="extiw" title="wikt:controversy">controversies</a> in the Parliament and society followed. </p><p>In 1971, he got the Nobel Peace Prize for his politics. </p><p>In 1972, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rainer_Barzel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rainer Barzel (not yet started)">Rainer Barzel</a> of the CDU believed he could end the Brandt administration, but he failed to win the vote of no-confidence. Brandt was re-elected to a second term later that year. In 1974, <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnther_Guillaume" class="mw-redirect" title="Günther Guillaume">Günther Guillaume</a> who worked in Brandt's office was discovered to be a spy. Brandt resigned and <a href="/wiki/Helmut_Schmidt" title="Helmut Schmidt">Helmut Schmidt</a> became chancellor. </p><p>Brandt stayed leader of the SPD, and later of the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_International" title="Socialist International">Socialist International</a> too. He was member of the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> from 1978 to 1983. He gave up the position as chief of the SPD in 1987. Willy Brandt died of <a href="/wiki/Colorectal_cancer" title="Colorectal cancer">colon cancer</a> at his home in <a href="/wiki/Unkel" title="Unkel">Unkel</a>, a town on the <a href="/wiki/River_Rhine" class="mw-redirect" title="River Rhine">River Rhine</a>, on 8 October 1992, at the age of 78.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was given a <a href="/wiki/State_funeral" title="State funeral">state funeral</a> and was buried at the cemetery at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zehlendorf_(Berlin)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zehlendorf (Berlin) (not yet started)">Zehlendorf</a> in Berlin.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Willy_Brandt&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Willy_Brandt&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724317">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">The Man Who Built the Berlin Wall The Rise and Fall of Erich Honecker By Nathan Morley, 2023, P.112</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Germany Since 1815: A Nation Forged and Renewed by David G. Williamson</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">DER SPIEGEL 16/1972 »Anders als zu Kaisers und zu Katzers Zeiten«, 09.04.1972</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Germany Since 1815: A Nation Forged and Renewed by David G. Williamson</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Germany Since 1815: A Nation Forged and Renewed by David G. Williamson</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> The Man Who Built the Berlin Wall The Rise and Fall of Erich Honecker By Nathan Morley, 2023, P.112</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Germany Since 1815: A Nation Forged and Renewed by David G. Williamson</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Socialists in the Recession: The Search for Solidarity by Radice, Giles; Radice, Lisanne, P.18</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">The Velvet Chancellors: A History of Post-war Germany by Terence Prittie, P.184</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Germany Since 1815: A Nation Forged and Renewed by David G. Williamson</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">The Velvet Chancellors: A History of Post-war Germany by Terence Prittie, P.184</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">The Federal Republic of Germany: The End of an Era edited by Ewa Kolinsky, P.229</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dserver.bundestag.de/btp/06/06151.pdf">DeutscherBundestag 151. Sitzung Bonn, Donnerstag, den 11. November 1971, P.8699</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Verhandlungen_des_Deutschen_Bundestages/vShVAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=Das+seit+1971+laufende+langfristige+Wohnungsbauprogramm+hat+wesentlich+dazu+beigetragen+,+da%C3%9F+von+1972+bis+einschlie%C3%9Flich&dq=Das+seit+1971+laufende+langfristige+Wohnungsbauprogramm+hat+wesentlich+dazu+beigetragen+,+da%C3%9F+von+1972+bis+einschlie%C3%9Flich&printsec=frontcover">Verhandlungen des Deutschen Bundestages Stenographische Berichte · Volume 212 By Germany (West). Bundestag · 1975, P.1391</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">The Federal Republic of Germany: The End of an Era edited by Ewa Kolinsky, P.229</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=e8gYDKWOM_wC&pg=PA58&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Politics of Segmentation: Party Competition and Social Protection in Europe By Georg Picot, P.58</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">The Federal Republic of Germany: The End of an Era edited by Ewa Kolinsky, P.229</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Germany Since 1815: A Nation Forged and Renewed by David G. Williamson</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">The Federal Republic of Germany: The End of an Era edited by Ewa Kolinsky, P.229</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">DER SPIEGEL 34/1971 Wenn's mies wird, 15.08.1971</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">The Federal Republic of Germany: The End of an Era edited by Ewa Kolinsky, P.229</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Willy Brandt Life of a Statesman By Hélène Miard-Delacroix, 2016, P.147</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Germany Since 1815: A Nation Forged and Renewed by David G. Williamson</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dserver.bundestag.de/btp/06/06151.pdf">DeutscherBundestag 151. Sitzung Bonn, Donnerstag, den 11. November 1971, P.8708</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Germany Since 1815: A Nation Forged and Renewed by David G. Williamson</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archives.palarch.nl/index.php/jae/article/view/10324">Adnan Yaseen Hussein, & Wisam Ali Thabet. (2021). Economic reforms of the Willy Brandt government 1969-1972. PalArch’s Journal of Archaeology of Egypt / Egyptology, 18(10), 3132-3145. Retrieved from https://archives.palarch.nl/index.php/jae/article/view/10324</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161108032841/https://www.zeit.de/1972/17/mehr-recht-am-arbeitsplatz">Sozialpolitik:Mehr Recht am Arbeitsplatz 28. April 1972, 7:00 Uhr</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archives.palarch.nl/index.php/jae/article/view/10324">Adnan Yaseen Hussein, & Wisam Ali Thabet. (2021). Economic reforms of the Willy Brandt government 1969-1972. PalArch’s Journal of Archaeology of Egypt / Egyptology, 18(10), 3132-3145. Retrieved from https://archives.palarch.nl/index.php/jae/article/view/10324</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archives.palarch.nl/index.php/jae/article/view/10324">Adnan Yaseen Hussein, & Wisam Ali Thabet. (2021). Economic reforms of the Willy Brandt government 1969-1972. PalArch’s Journal of Archaeology of Egypt / Egyptology, 18(10), 3132-3145. Retrieved from https://archives.palarch.nl/index.php/jae/article/view/10324</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archives.palarch.nl/index.php/jae/article/view/10324">Adnan Yaseen Hussein, & Wisam Ali Thabet. (2021). Economic reforms of the Willy Brandt government 1969-1972. PalArch’s Journal of Archaeology of Egypt / Egyptology, 18(10), 3132-3145. Retrieved from https://archives.palarch.nl/index.php/jae/article/view/10324</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archives.palarch.nl/index.php/jae/article/view/10324">Adnan Yaseen Hussein, & Wisam Ali Thabet. (2021). Economic reforms of the Willy Brandt government 1969-1972. PalArch’s Journal of Archaeology of Egypt / Egyptology, 18(10), 3132-3145. Retrieved from https://archives.palarch.nl/index.php/jae/article/view/10324</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191210081749/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/11986614/Helmut-Schmidt-West-German-chancellor-obituary.html">Helmut Schmidt, West German chancellor – obituary 5:40PM GMT 10 Nov 2015</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/archive/6877932/the-world-rise-of-an-american-style-politician/">The World: Rise of an American-Style Politician TIME MAY 20, 1974</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Helmut Schmidt Statesman, Strategist, Bundeswehr Reformer By Michael Staack, 2016, P.10</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191210081749/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/11986614/Helmut-Schmidt-West-German-chancellor-obituary.html">Helmut Schmidt, West German chancellor – obituary 5:40PM GMT 10 Nov 2015</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBinder1992" class="citation news cs1">Binder, David (1992-10-09). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1992/10/09/world/willy-brandt-dead-at-78-forged-west-germany-s-reconciliation-with-the-east.html">"Willy Brandt Dead at 78; Forged West Germany's Reconciliation With the East"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-04-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Willy+Brandt+Dead+at+78%3B+Forged+West+Germany%27s+Reconciliation+With+the+East&rft.date=1992-10-09&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Binder&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1992%2F10%2F09%2Fworld%2Fwilly-brandt-dead-at-78-forged-west-germany-s-reconciliation-with-the-east.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AWilly+Brandt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFMARSHALL1992" class="citation news cs1">MARSHALL, TYLER (1992-10-18). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.latimes.com/1992-10-18/news/mn-1142_1_west-berlin">"Germans Lay Beloved Statesman Brandt to Rest : Funeral: 'He shaped an era,' the country's president says of the former West Berlin mayor, foreign minister and chancellor"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0458-3035">0458-3035</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-04-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Germans+Lay+Beloved+Statesman+Brandt+to+Rest+%3A+Funeral%3A+%27He+shaped+an+era%2C%27+the+country%27s+president+says+of+the+former+West+Berlin+mayor%2C+foreign+minister+and+chancellor.&rft.date=1992-10-18&rft.issn=0458-3035&rft.aulast=MARSHALL&rft.aufirst=TYLER&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.latimes.com%2F1992-10-18%2Fnews%2Fmn-1142_1_west-berlin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AWilly+Brandt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_websites">Other websites</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Willy_Brandt&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Change section: Other websites" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Willy_Brandt&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Other websites"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brandt21forum.info/Bio_Brandt.htm">Biography of Willy Brandt</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flughafen-willy-brandt.de/index_uk.htm">New Berlin Airport to be named after Willy Brandt</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9122492">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output 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(not yet started)">Friedrich Ebert</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Fechner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herbert Fechner (not yet started)">Herbert Fechner</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Erhard_Krack&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erhard Krack (not yet started)">Erhard Krack</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ingrid_Pankraz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ingrid Pankraz (not yet started)">Ingrid Pankraz</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Hartenauer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christian Hartenauer (not yet started)">Christian Hartenauer</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tino_Schwierzina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tino Schwierzina (not yet started)">Tino Schwierzina</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Kr%C3%BCger_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Krüger (politician) (not yet started)">Thomas Krüger</a></div></td><td 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<p><a href="/wiki/Karl_Arnold" title="Karl Arnold">Karl Arnold</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Ehard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Ehard (not yet started)">Hans Ehard</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hinrich_Wilhelm_Kopf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf (not yet started)">Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reinhold_Maier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reinhold Maier (not yet started)">Reinhold Maier</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georg_August_Zinn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georg August Zinn (not yet started)">Georg August Zinn</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Altmeier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Altmeier (not yet started)">Peter Altmeier</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kai-Uwe_von_Hassel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kai-Uwe von Hassel (not yet started)">Kai-Uwe von Hassel</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurt_Sieveking&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kurt Sieveking (not yet started)">Kurt Sieveking</a> • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Willy Brandt</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Kaisen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilhelm Kaisen (not yet started)">Wilhelm Kaisen</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Franz-Josef_R%C3%B6der&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franz-Josef Röder (not yet started)">Franz-Josef Röder</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Franz_Meyers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franz Meyers (not yet started)">Franz Meyers</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Ehard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Ehard (not yet started)">Hans Ehard</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Georg_Kiesinger" title="Kurt Georg Kiesinger">Kurt Georg Kiesinger</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georg_Diederichs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georg Diederichs (not yet started)">Georg Diederichs</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georg_August_Zinn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georg August Zinn (not yet started)">Georg August Zinn</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Altmeier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Altmeier (not yet started)">Peter Altmeier</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Lemke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Helmut Lemke (not yet started)">Helmut Lemke</a> • <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Sch%C3%BCtz" title="Klaus Schütz">Klaus Schütz</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Weichmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herbert Weichmann (not yet started)">Herbert Weichmann</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Franz-Josef_R%C3%B6der&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franz-Josef Röder (not yet started)">Franz-Josef Röder</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hans_Koschnick" title="Hans Koschnick">Hans Koschnick</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinz_K%C3%BChn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heinz Kühn (not yet started)">Heinz Kühn</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfons_Goppel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfons Goppel (not yet started)">Alfons Goppel</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Filbinger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Filbinger (not yet started)">Hans Filbinger</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Kubel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfred Kubel (not yet started)">Alfred Kubel</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Osswald&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Albert Osswald (not yet started)">Albert Osswald</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bernhard_Vogel" title="Bernhard Vogel">Bernhard Vogel</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerhard_Stoltenberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerhard Stoltenberg (not yet started)">Gerhard Stoltenberg</a> • <a href="/wiki/Dietrich_Stobbe" title="Dietrich Stobbe">Dietrich Stobbe</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hans-Ulrich_Klose" title="Hans-Ulrich Klose">Hans-Ulrich Klose</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Werner_Zeyer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Werner Zeyer (not yet started)">Werner Zeyer</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hans_Koschnick" title="Hans Koschnick">Hans Koschnick</a> • <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Rau" title="Johannes Rau">Johannes Rau</a> • <a href="/wiki/Franz_Josef_Strau%C3%9F" title="Franz Josef Strauß">Franz Josef Strauß</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lothar_Sp%C3%A4th" title="Lothar Späth">Lothar Späth</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernst_Albrecht_(Niedersachsen)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ernst Albrecht (Niedersachsen) (not yet started)">Ernst Albrecht</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Holger_B%C3%B6rner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Holger Börner (not yet started)">Holger Börner</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Wallmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Wallmann (not yet started)">Walter Wallmann</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bernhard_Vogel" title="Bernhard Vogel">Bernhard Vogel</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B6rn_Engholm" title="Björn Engholm">Björn Engholm</a> • <a href="/wiki/Walter_Momper" title="Walter Momper">Walter Momper</a> • <a href="/wiki/Henning_Voscherau" title="Henning Voscherau">Henning Voscherau</a> • <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Gomolka" title="Alfred Gomolka">Alfred Gomolka</a> • <a href="/wiki/Berndt_Seite" title="Berndt Seite">Berndt Seite</a> • <a href="/wiki/Oskar_Lafontaine" title="Oskar Lafontaine">Oskar Lafontaine</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Klaus_Wedemeier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klaus Wedemeier (not yet started)">Klaus Wedemeier</a> • <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Rau" title="Johannes Rau">Johannes Rau</a> • <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Stoiber" title="Edmund Stoiber">Edmund Stoiber</a> • <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Teufel" title="Erwin Teufel">Erwin Teufel</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Schr%C3%B6der" title="Gerhard Schröder">Gerhard Schröder</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Eichel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Eichel (not yet started)">Hans Eichel</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roland_Koch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roland Koch (not yet started)">Roland Koch</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Biedenkopf" title="Kurt Biedenkopf">Kurt Biedenkopf</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurt_Beck&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kurt Beck (not yet started)">Kurt Beck</a> • <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Wowereit" title="Klaus Wowereit">Klaus Wowereit</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_B%C3%B6hmer" title="Wolfgang Böhmer">Wolfgang Böhmer</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dieter_Althaus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dieter Althaus (not yet started)">Dieter Althaus</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Matthias_Platzeck&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matthias Platzeck (not yet started)">Matthias Platzeck</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Harry_Carstensen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Harry Carstensen (not yet started)">Peter Harry Carstensen</a> • <a href="/wiki/Harald_Ringstorff" title="Harald Ringstorff">Harald Ringstorff</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ole_von_Beust" title="Ole von Beust">Ole von Beust</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_M%C3%BCller&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Müller (not yet started)">Peter Müller</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jens_B%C3%B6hrnsen" title="Jens Böhrnsen">Jens Böhrnsen</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hannelore_Kraft&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hannelore Kraft (not yet started)">Hannelore Kraft</a> • <a href="/wiki/Horst_Seehofer" title="Horst Seehofer">Horst Seehofer</a> • <a href="/wiki/Winfried_Kretschmann" title="Winfried Kretschmann">Winfried Kretschmann</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephan_Weil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stephan Weil (not yet started)">Stephan Weil</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Volker_Bouffier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Volker Bouffier (not yet started)">Volker Bouffier</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanislaw_Tillich&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stanislaw Tillich (not yet started)">Stanislaw Tillich</a> • <a href="/wiki/Malu_Dreyer" title="Malu Dreyer">Malu Dreyer</a> • <a href="/wiki/Michael_M%C3%BCller_(politician)" title="Michael Müller (politician)">Michael Müller</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_G%C3%BCnther&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daniel Günther (not yet started)">Daniel Günther</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dietmar_Woidke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dietmar Woidke (not yet started)">Dietmar Woidke</a> </p> </div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of Arms of Germany"><img alt="Coat of Arms of Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Coat_of_arms_of_Germany.svg/50px-Coat_of_arms_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Coat_of_arms_of_Germany.svg/75px-Coat_of_arms_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Coat_of_arms_of_Germany.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="396" data-file-height="510" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9122492"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chairmen_of_the_Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9122447"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:SPDHeads" title="Template:SPDHeads"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:SPDHeads&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:SPDHeads (not yet started)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:SPDHeads&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chairmen_of_the_Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Chairmen of the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">Social Democratic Party of Germany</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">SPD (1890-1933)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Singer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Singer (not yet started)">Paul Singer</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alwin_Gerisch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alwin Gerisch (not yet started)">Alwin Gerisch</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=August_Bebel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="August Bebel (not yet started)">August Bebel</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Singer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Singer (not yet started)">Paul Singer</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=August_Bebel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="August Bebel (not yet started)">August Bebel</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugo_Haase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hugo Haase (not yet started)">Hugo Haase</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugo_Haase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hugo Haase (not yet started)">Hugo Haase</a>/<a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Ebert" title="Friedrich Ebert">Friedrich Ebert</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Ebert" title="Friedrich Ebert">Friedrich Ebert</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Ebert" title="Friedrich Ebert">Friedrich Ebert</a>/<a href="/wiki/Philipp_Scheidemann" title="Philipp Scheidemann">Philipp Scheidemann</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otto_Wels&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otto Wels (not yet started)">Otto Wels</a>/<a href="/wiki/Hermann_M%C3%BCller_(politician)" title="Hermann Müller (politician)">Herman Müller</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Crispien&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthur Crispien (not yet started)">Arthur Crispien</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Otto_Wels&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otto Wels (not yet started)">Otto Wels</a>/<a href="/wiki/Hermann_M%C3%BCller_(politician)" title="Hermann Müller (politician)">Herman Müller</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Crispien&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthur Crispien (not yet started)">Arthur Crispien</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Otto_Wels&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otto Wels (not yet started)">Otto Wels</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Crispien&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthur Crispien (not yet started)">Arthur Crispien</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Otto_Wels&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otto Wels (not yet started)">Otto Wels</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Vogel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Vogel (not yet started)">Hans Vogel</a></span></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sozialdemokratische_Partei_Deutschlands,_Logo_um_2000.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Sozialdemokratische_Partei_Deutschlands%2C_Logo_um_2000.svg/80px-Sozialdemokratische_Partei_Deutschlands%2C_Logo_um_2000.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Sozialdemokratische_Partei_Deutschlands%2C_Logo_um_2000.svg/120px-Sozialdemokratische_Partei_Deutschlands%2C_Logo_um_2000.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Sozialdemokratische_Partei_Deutschlands%2C_Logo_um_2000.svg/160px-Sozialdemokratische_Partei_Deutschlands%2C_Logo_um_2000.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">SPD-in-exile (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sopade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sopade (not yet started)">SoPaDe</a>) (1933-1945)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otto_Wels&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otto Wels (not yet started)">Otto Wels</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Vogel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Vogel (not yet started)">Hans Vogel</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Vogel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Vogel (not yet started)">Hans Vogel</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">SPD (since 1946)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Schumacher" title="Kurt Schumacher">Kurt Schumacher</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erich_Ollenhauer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erich Ollenhauer (not yet started)">Erich Ollenhauer</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Willy Brandt</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hans-Jochen_Vogel" title="Hans-Jochen Vogel">Hans-Jochen Vogel</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B6rn_Engholm" title="Björn Engholm">Björn Engholm</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Rau" title="Johannes Rau">Johannes Rau</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudolf_Scharping&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rudolf Scharping (not yet started)">Rudolf Scharping</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oskar_Lafontaine" title="Oskar Lafontaine">Oskar Lafontaine</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Schr%C3%B6der" title="Gerhard Schröder">Gerhard Schröder</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Franz_M%C3%BCntefering" title="Franz Müntefering">Franz Müntefering</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matthias_Platzeck&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matthias Platzeck (not yet started)">Matthias Platzeck</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurt_Beck&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kurt Beck (not yet started)">Kurt Beck</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Franz_M%C3%BCntefering" title="Franz Müntefering">Franz Müntefering</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sigmar_Gabriel" title="Sigmar Gabriel">Sigmar Gabriel</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Schulz" title="Martin Schulz">Martin Schulz</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Olaf_Scholz" title="Olaf Scholz">Olaf Scholz</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Acting)</span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Nahles" title="Andrea Nahles">Andrea Nahles</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Saskia_Esken" title="Saskia Esken">Saskia Esken</a> / <a href="/wiki/Norbert_Walter-Borjans" title="Norbert Walter-Borjans">Norbert Walter-Borjans</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9122492"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Winners_of_the_Nobel_Peace_Prize" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#d3d3d3;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9122447"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Template:Nobel Peace Prize"><abbr title="View this template" style=";background:#d3d3d3;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Template talk:Nobel Peace Prize"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";background:#d3d3d3;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Nobel_Peace_Prize&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";background:#d3d3d3;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Winners_of_the_Nobel_Peace_Prize" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Winners of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">1901–1925</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <p><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Dunant" title="Henry Dunant">Dunant</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Passy" title="Frédéric Passy">Passy</a> (1901)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lie_Ducommun" title="Élie Ducommun">Ducommun</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_Albert_Gobat" title="Charles Albert Gobat">Gobat</a> (1902)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Randal_Cremer" title="Randal Cremer">Cremer</a> (1903)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Institut_de_Droit_International" title="Institut de Droit International">IDI</a> (1904)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bertha_von_Suttner" title="Bertha von Suttner">Suttner</a> (1905)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a> (1906)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Teodoro_Moneta" title="Ernesto Teodoro Moneta">Moneta</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Renault&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Renault (not yet started)">Renault</a> (1907)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klas_Pontus_Arnoldson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klas Pontus Arnoldson (not yet started)">Arnoldson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fredrik_Bajer" title="Fredrik Bajer">Bajer</a> (1908)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auguste_Marie_Francois_Beernaert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Auguste Marie Francois Beernaert (not yet started)">Beernaert</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul-Henri-Benjamin_d%27Estournelles_de_Constant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul-Henri-Benjamin d'Estournelles de Constant (not yet started)">Estournelles de Constant</a> (1909)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Peace_Bureau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Peace Bureau (not yet started)">IPB</a> (1910)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tobias_Asser" title="Tobias Asser">Asser</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hermann_Fried" title="Alfred Hermann Fried">Fried</a> (1911)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elihu_Root" title="Elihu Root">Root</a> (1912)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henri_La_Fontaine" title="Henri La Fontaine">La Fontaine</a> (1913)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">International Committee of the Red Cross</a> (1917)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Wilson</a> (1919)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9on_Bourgeois&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Léon Bourgeois (not yet started)">Bourgeois</a> (1920)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hjalmar_Branting" title="Hjalmar Branting">Branting</a> / <a href="/wiki/Christian_Lous_Lange" title="Christian Lous Lange">Lange</a> (1921)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fridtjof_Nansen" title="Fridtjof Nansen">Nansen</a> (1922)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Austen_Chamberlain" title="Austen Chamberlain">Chamberlain</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_G._Dawes" title="Charles G. Dawes">Dawes</a> (1925) </span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">1926–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <p><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aristide_Briand" title="Aristide Briand">Briand</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Stresemann" title="Gustav Stresemann">Stresemann</a> (1926)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_Buisson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferdinand Buisson (not yet started)">Buisson</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludwig_Quidde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ludwig Quidde (not yet started)">Quidde</a> (1927)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_B._Kellogg" title="Frank B. Kellogg">Kellogg</a> (1929)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nathan_S%C3%B6derblom" title="Nathan Söderblom">Söderblom</a> (1930)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jane_Addams" title="Jane Addams">Addams</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicholas_Murray_Butler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicholas Murray Butler (not yet started)">Butler</a> (1931)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norman_Angell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norman Angell (not yet started)">Angell</a> (1933)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a> (1934)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carl_von_Ossietzky" title="Carl von Ossietzky">Ossietzky</a> (1935)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlos_Saavedra_Lamas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carlos Saavedra Lamas (not yet started)">Lamas</a> (1936)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Cecil,_1st_Viscount_Cecil_of_Chelwood" title="Robert Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood">Cecil</a> (1937)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nansen_passport&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nansen passport (not yet started)">Nansen Office</a> (1938)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">International Committee of the Red Cross</a> (1944)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cordell_Hull" title="Cordell Hull">Hull</a> (1945)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Emily_Greene_Balch" title="Emily Greene Balch">Balch</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Mott&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Mott (not yet started)">Mott</a> (1946)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quaker_Peace_and_Social_Witness&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quaker Peace and Social Witness (not yet started)">QPSW</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Friends_Service_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="American Friends Service Committee (not yet started)">AFSC</a> (1947)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Boyd_Orr" title="John Boyd Orr">Boyd Orr</a> (1949)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Bunche" title="Ralph Bunche">Bunche</a> (1950) </span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <p><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9on_Jouhaux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Léon Jouhaux (not yet started)">Jouhaux</a> (1951)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Schweitzer" title="Albert Schweitzer">Schweitzer</a> (1952)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Marshall" title="George Marshall">Marshall</a> (1953)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">UNHCR</a> (1954)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lester_B._Pearson" title="Lester B. Pearson">Pearson</a> (1957)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Pire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georges Pire (not yet started)">Pire</a> (1958)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Noel-Baker,_Baron_Noel-Baker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philip Noel-Baker, Baron Noel-Baker (not yet started)">Noel‑Baker</a> (1959)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Lutuli" title="Albert Lutuli">Lutuli</a> (1960)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dag_Hammarskj%C3%B6ld" title="Dag Hammarskjöld">Hammarskjöld</a> (1961)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Pauling</a> (1962)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">International Committee of the Red Cross</a> / <a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Societies" title="International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies">League of Red Cross Societies</a> (1963)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Martin Luther King, Jr.">King</a> (1964)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">UNICEF</a> (1965)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ren%C3%A9_Cassin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="René Cassin (not yet started)">Cassin</a> (1968)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Labour_Organization" title="International Labour Organization">ILO</a> (1969)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Norman_Borlaug" title="Norman Borlaug">Borlaug</a> (1970)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Brandt</a> (1971)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Kissinger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Le_Duc_Tho" class="mw-redirect" title="Le Duc Tho">Le</a> (1973)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Se%C3%A1n_MacBride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seán MacBride (not yet started)">MacBride</a> / <a href="/wiki/Eisaku_Sat%C5%8D" title="Eisaku Satō">Sato</a> (1974)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Sakharov" title="Andrei Sakharov">Sakharov</a> (1975) </span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <p><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Betty_Williams_(nobel_laureate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Betty Williams (nobel laureate)">B.Williams</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mairead_Corrigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mairead Corrigan">Corrigan</a> (1976)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">AI</a> (1977)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anwar_Sadat" title="Anwar Sadat">Sadat</a> / <a href="/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin">Begin</a> (1978)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mother_Teresa" title="Mother Teresa">Mother Teresa</a> (1979)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Adolfo_P%C3%A9rez_Esquivel" title="Adolfo Pérez Esquivel">Esquivel</a> (1980)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">UNHCR</a> (1981)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alva_Myrdal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alva Myrdal (not yet started)">Myrdal</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Garc%C3%ADa_Robles" title="Alfonso García Robles">García Robles</a> (1982)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lech_Wa%C5%82%C4%99sa" title="Lech Wałęsa">Wałęsa</a> (1983)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Desmond_Tutu" title="Desmond Tutu">Tutu</a> (1984)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Physicians_for_the_Prevention_of_Nuclear_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War (not yet started)">IPPNW</a> (1985)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elie_Wiesel" title="Elie Wiesel">Wiesel</a> (1986)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C3%93scar_Arias" title="Óscar Arias">Arias</a> (1987)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peacekeeping&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peacekeeping (not yet started)">UN Peacekeeping Forces</a> (1988)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/14th_Dalai_Lama" title="14th Dalai Lama">Dalai Lama</a> (1989)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Gorbachev</a> (1990)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aung_San_Suu_Kyi" title="Aung San Suu Kyi">Suu Kyi</a> (1991)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rigoberta_Mench%C3%BA" title="Rigoberta Menchú">Menchú</a> (1992)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Mandela</a> / <a href="/wiki/F._W._de_Klerk" title="F. W. de Klerk">de Klerk</a> (1993)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Arafat</a> / <a href="/wiki/Shimon_Peres" title="Shimon Peres">Peres</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Rabin</a> (1994)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pugwash_Conferences_on_Science_and_World_Affairs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs (not yet started)">Pugwash Conferences</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Rotblat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Rotblat (not yet started)">Rotblat</a> (1995)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Filipe_Ximenes_Belo" title="Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo">Belo</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ramos-Horta" title="José Ramos-Horta">Ramos-Horta</a> (1996)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Campaign_to_Ban_Landmines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Campaign to Ban Landmines (not yet started)">ICBL</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jody_Williams" title="Jody Williams">J.Williams</a> (1997)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Hume" title="John Hume">Hume</a> / <a href="/wiki/David_Trimble" title="David Trimble">Trimble</a> (1998)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Doctors_Without_Borders" title="Doctors Without Borders">Médecins Sans Frontières</a> (1999)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kim_Dae-jung" title="Kim Dae-jung">Kim</a> (2000) </span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <p><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">UN</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kofi_Annan" title="Kofi Annan">Annan</a> (2001)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Carter</a> (2002)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shirin_Ebadi" title="Shirin Ebadi">Ebadi</a> (2003)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wangari_Maathai" title="Wangari Maathai">Maathai</a> (2004)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Atomic_Energy_Agency" title="International Atomic Energy Agency">IAEA</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_ElBaradei" title="Mohamed ElBaradei">ElBaradei</a> (2005)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Yunus" title="Muhammad Yunus">Yunus</a> / <a href="/wiki/Grameen_Bank" title="Grameen Bank">Grameen Bank</a> (2006)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Gore</a> / <a href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change" title="Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change">IPCC</a> (2007)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martti_Ahtisaari" title="Martti Ahtisaari">Ahtisaari</a> (2008)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Obama</a> (2009)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Liu_Xiaobo" title="Liu Xiaobo">Xiaobo</a> (2010)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Johnson_Sirleaf" title="Ellen Johnson Sirleaf">Sirleaf</a> / <a href="/wiki/Leymah_Gbowee" title="Leymah Gbowee">Gbowee</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tawakel_Karman" title="Tawakel Karman">Karman</a> (2011)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">EU</a> (2012)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Organisation_for_the_Prohibition_of_Chemical_Weapons" title="Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons">Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons</a> (2013)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Malala_Yousafzai" title="Malala Yousafzai">Yousafzai</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kailash_Satyarthi" title="Kailash Satyarthi">Satyarthi</a> (2014)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_National_Dialogue_Quartet" title="Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet">Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet</a> (2015)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Juan_Manuel_Santos" title="Juan Manuel Santos">Juan Manuel Santos</a> (2016)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Campaign_to_Abolish_Nuclear_Weapons" title="International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons">International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons</a> (2017)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Denis_Mukwege" title="Denis Mukwege">Mukwege</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nadia_Murad" title="Nadia Murad">Murad</a> (2018)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Abiy_Ahmed" title="Abiy Ahmed">Ahmed</a> (2019)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/World_Food_Programme" title="World Food Programme">World Food Programme</a> (2020)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maria_Ressa" title="Maria Ressa">Ressa</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Muratov" title="Dmitry Muratov">Muratov</a> (2021)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ales_Bialiatski" title="Ales Bialiatski">Bialiatski</a> / <a href="/wiki/Memorial_(society)" title="Memorial (society)">Memorial</a> / <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Civil_Liberties_(human_rights_organization)" title="Center for Civil Liberties (human rights organization)">Center for Civil Liberties</a> (2022)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Narges_Mohammadi" title="Narges Mohammadi">Mohammadi</a> (2023)</span> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nihon_Hidankyo" title="Nihon Hidankyo">Nihon Hidankyo</a> (2024)</span> </p> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9122492"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Time_Persons_of_the_Year" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9122447"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Time_Persons_of_the_Year_1951%E2%80%931975" title="Template:Time Persons of the Year 1951–1975"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Time_Persons_of_the_Year_1951%E2%80%931975" title="Template talk:Time Persons of the Year 1951–1975"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Time_Persons_of_the_Year_1951%E2%80%931975&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Time_Persons_of_the_Year" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Time_Person_of_the_Year" title="Time Person of the Year"><i>Time</i> Persons of the Year</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Mosaddegh" title="Mohammad Mosaddegh">Mohammad Mosaddegh</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konrad_Adenauer" title="Konrad Adenauer">Konrad Adenauer</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Foster_Dulles" title="John Foster Dulles">John Foster Dulles</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harlow_Curtice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harlow Curtice (not yet started)">Harlow Curtice</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1956" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1956">Hungarian Freedom Fighter</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikita_Khrushchev" title="Nikita Khrushchev">Nikita Khrushchev</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Science_and_technology_in_the_United_States&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Science and technology in the United States (not yet started)">U.S. Scientists</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XXIII" title="Pope John XXIII">Pope John XXIII</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Martin Luther King, Jr.">Martin Luther King, Jr.</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Westmoreland" title="William Westmoreland">William Westmoreland</a> (1965)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Baby_boomers" class="mw-redirect" title="Baby boomers">The Inheritors</a>" (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> (1967)</li> <li><span class="wrap"> <a href="/wiki/Apollo_8" title="Apollo 8">The Apollo 8 Astronauts</a>: <a href="/wiki/William_Anders" title="William Anders">William Anders</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frank_Borman" title="Frank Borman">Frank Borman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jim_Lovell" title="Jim Lovell">Jim Lovell</a> </span>(1968)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Middle_America_(United_States)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Middle America (United States) (not yet started)">The Middle Americans</a> (1969)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Willy Brandt</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> (1971)</li> <li><span class="wrap"> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Henry Kissinger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a></span> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Sirica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Sirica (not yet started)">John Sirica</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faisal_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Faisal of Saudi Arabia">King Faisal</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_women_in_the_United_States&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of women in the United States (not yet started)">American Women</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Time_Person_of_the_Year#Persons_of_the_Year" title="Time Person of the Year">Complete roster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Time_Persons_of_the_Year_1927%E2%80%931950" title="Template:Time Persons of the Year 1927–1950">1927–1950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Time_Persons_of_the_Year_1951%E2%80%931975" title="Template:Time Persons of the Year 1951–1975">1951–1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Time_Persons_of_the_Year_1976%E2%80%932000" title="Template:Time Persons of the Year 1976–2000">1976–2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Time_Persons_of_the_Year_2001%E2%80%932025" title="Template:Time Persons of the Year 2001–2025">2001–present</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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