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if ($a.is_logged_in() && $viewedUser.is_current_user()) { $('body').addClass('profile-viewed-by-owner'); } $socialProfiles = []</script><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://utoronto.academia.edu/NicholasTerpstra","location":"/NicholasTerpstra","scheme":"https","host":"utoronto.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/NicholasTerpstra","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate" data-props="{}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate-react-component-28dca097-b2ac-44a7-bcb8-709da5597905"></div> <div id="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate-react-component-28dca097-b2ac-44a7-bcb8-709da5597905"></div> <div class="DesignSystem"><div class="onsite-ping" id="onsite-ping"></div></div><div class="profile-user-info DesignSystem"><div class="social-profile-container"><div class="left-panel-container"><div class="user-info-component-wrapper"><div class="user-summary-cta-container"><div class="user-summary-container"><div class="social-profile-avatar-container"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Nicholas Terpstra" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/139615/91583/7375895/s200_nicholas.terpstra.jpg" /></div><div class="title-container"><h1 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-sm">Nicholas Terpstra</h1><div class="affiliations-container fake-truncate js-profile-affiliations"><div><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://utoronto.academia.edu/">University of Toronto</a>, <a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://utoronto.academia.edu/Departments/History/Documents">History</a>, <span class="u-tcGrayDarker">Faculty Member</span></div></div></div></div><div class="sidebar-cta-container"><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-follow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.follow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-follow-button" data-follow-user-fname="Nicholas" data-follow-user-id="139615" data-follow-user-source="profile_button" data-has-google="false"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">add</span>Follow</button><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-unfollow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.unfollow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-unfollow-button" data-unfollow-user-id="139615"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">done</span>Following</button></div></div><div class="user-stats-container"><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followers"><p class="label">Followers</p><p class="data">1,778</p></div></a><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followees" data-broccoli-component="user-info.followees-count" data-click-track="profile-expand-user-info-following"><p class="label">Following</p><p class="data">403</p></div></a><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-coauthors" data-broccoli-component="user-info.coauthors-count" data-click-track="profile-expand-user-info-coauthors"><p class="label">Co-authors</p><p class="data">7</p></div></a><div class="js-mentions-count-container" style="display: none;"><a href="/NicholasTerpstra/mentions"><div class="stat-container"><p class="label">Mentions</p><p class="data"></p></div></a></div><span><div class="stat-container"><p class="label"><span class="js-profile-total-view-text">Public Views</span></p><p class="data"><span class="js-profile-view-count"></span></p></div></span></div><div class="user-bio-container"><div class="profile-bio fake-truncate js-profile-about" style="margin: 0px;">My work deals with the intersection of religion, politics, and charity in Renaissance and early modern Italy, with a focus on the institutional forms of civil society.  A lot of it ends up dealing with people on the margins or the underside of society (orphans, abandoned children, widows, criminals, exiles, etc.) and looking both at how they negotiated their situations in urban society, and how those urban societies aimed to deal with them.  Recent books include Religious Refugees in the Early Modern World:  An Alternative History of the Reformation (2015);  Cultures of Charity:  Women, Politics and the Reform of Poor Relief in Renaissance Italy (2013), which won awards from the Renaissance Society of America and the American Historical Association; Lost Girls:  Sex and Death in Renaissance Florence (2010), which has been translated into Italian and Korean;  and Abandoned Children of the Italian Renaissance: Orphan Care in Florence and Bologna (2005).  An earlier book, Lay Confraternities and Civic Religion in Renaissance Bologna (1995), was awarded the Howard R. Marraro Prize of the Society for Italian Historical Studies.  <br />I've also edited a few books, including The Art of Executing Well: Rituals of Execution in Renaissance Italy (2008);  The Politics of Ritual Kinship: Confraternities and Social Order in Early Modern Italy (2000); and Mapping Sense, Space, and Movement in Florence:  Digital Mapping and the Early Modern City (with Colin Rose), to be published by Routledge in 2016.<br /><span class="u-fw700">Phone: </span>416-585-4428<br /><div class="js-profile-less-about u-linkUnstyled u-tcGrayDarker u-textDecorationUnderline u-displayNone">less</div></div></div><div class="suggested-academics-container"><div class="suggested-academics--header"><p class="ds2-5-body-md-bold">Related Authors</p></div><ul class="suggested-user-card-list"><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://rochester.academia.edu/MehmetKarabela"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Mehmet Karabela" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/182751224/51177670/76594541/s200_mehmet.karabela.jpg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://rochester.academia.edu/MehmetKarabela">Mehmet Karabela</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">University of Rochester</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://anselm.academia.edu/RWardHolder"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="R. 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id="Pill-react-component-f98435a7-2ca9-43cd-b6aa-0154055c2ab4"></div> </a></div></div><div class="external-links-container"><ul class="profile-links new-profile js-UserInfo-social"><li class="left-most js-UserInfo-social-cv" data-broccoli-component="user-info.cv-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-cv" data-cv-filename="Terpstra_-_CV_-_2022.pdf" data-placement="top" data-toggle="tooltip" href="/NicholasTerpstra/CurriculumVitae"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--small" style="font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: 0.8px"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">CV</span></button></li><li class="profile-profiles js-social-profiles-container"><i class="fa fa-spin fa-spinner"></i></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="right-panel-container"><div class="user-content-wrapper"><div class="uploads-container" id="social-redesign-work-container"><div class="upload-header"><h2 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-xs">Uploads</h2></div><div class="nav-container 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role="presentation"><a data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Series-Editor,-"Essays-and-Studies"" data-toggle="tab" href="#serieseditoressaysandstudies" role="tab" style="border: none;"><span>1</span> Series Editor, "Essays and Studies"</a></li></ul></li></ul></div><div class="divider ds-divider-16" style="margin: 0px;"></div><div class="documents-container backbone-social-profile-documents" style="width: 100%;"><div class="u-taCenter"></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Books" id="Books"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Books by Nicholas Terpstra</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="125115832"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/125115832/Reform_Reformation_and_Global_Reformations_2021_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Reform Reformation and Global Reformations (2021)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/119216763/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/125115832/Reform_Reformation_and_Global_Reformations_2021_">Reform Reformation and Global Reformations (2021)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Global Reformations Sourcebook: Convergence, Conversion, and Conflict in Early Modern Religious Encounters</span><span>, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Does it make any sense to speak of a Global Reformation? How might our framing of the period or ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Does it make any sense to speak of a Global Reformation?  How might our framing of the period or movement shift if we begin to look at it in a global perspective.  It allows -- or requires -- us to look beyond the intense theological disputes in Northern Europe in the first decades of the 16th century, to look beyond the intense disputes within Christendom, to span the full period from the 15th to the 18th centuries, to take Catholic Reform as a creative and not simply a reactionary element, and to integrate international trade and colonization more fully into the Reformation narrative.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="ca2c8993b46f8d0cec5239592932928b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":119216763,"asset_id":125115832,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/119216763/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="125115832"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="125115832"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 125115832; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="116218767"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/116218767/Senses_of_Space_in_the_Early_Modern_World"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Senses of Space in the Early Modern World" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112410559/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/116218767/Senses_of_Space_in_the_Early_Modern_World">Senses of Space in the Early Modern World</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Senses of Space in the Early Modern World</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">How did early moderns experience sense and space? How did the expanding cultural, political, and ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">How did early moderns experience sense and space? How did the expanding cultural, political, and social horizons of the period emerge out of those experiences and further shape them  This study takes an approach that is both global expansive and locally rooted by focusing on four cities as key examples: Florence, Amsterdam, Boston, and Manila. They relate to distinct parts of European cultural and colonialist experience from north to south, republican to monarchical, Catholic to Protestant. Without attempting a comprehensive treatment, the book aims to convey the range of distinct experiences of space and sense as these varied by age, gender, race, and class. Readers see how sensory and spatial experiences emerged through religious cultures which were themselves shaped by temporal rhythms, and how sound and movement expressed gathering economic and political forces in an emerging global order. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="40cc93fc16db37bbe7d7bf7968d641b2" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":112410559,"asset_id":116218767,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112410559/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="116218767"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="116218767"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 116218767; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="114342502"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/114342502/Lost_and_Found_Locating_Foundlings_in_the_Early_Modern_World"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Lost & Found: Locating Foundlings in the Early Modern World" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/111066271/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/114342502/Lost_and_Found_Locating_Foundlings_in_the_Early_Modern_World">Lost & Found: Locating Foundlings in the Early Modern World</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Lost & Found: Locating Foundlings in the Early Modern World</span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">A new collection of 15 papers dealing with aspects of early modern foundling care: legal & cultur...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">A new collection of 15 papers dealing with aspects of early modern foundling care: legal & cultural contexts, the care, governance & identity of foundlings, and questions around race, abandonment, and foundling care in Italy, the Americas, and Asia.  One section of the book uses digital means to recreate the spaces, settings, and demographic and economic contexts for Florence's Ospedale degli Innocenti.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="cbc10a4efd1e5e7c3360ac3a6622384c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":111066271,"asset_id":114342502,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/111066271/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="114342502"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="114342502"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 114342502; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="44302373"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/44302373/D_Rosenthal_F_Nevola_N_Terpstra_eds_Hidden_Cities_Urban_Space_Geolocated_Apps_and_Public_History_in_Early_Modern_Europe_Routledge_2022_Open_access_https_tinyurl_com_mrxyzbax"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of D. Rosenthal, F. Nevola, N. Terpstra, eds., Hidden Cities: Urban Space, Geolocated Apps and Public History in Early Modern Europe (Routledge, 2022). **Open access**. https://tinyurl.com/mrxyzbax" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/81405514/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/44302373/D_Rosenthal_F_Nevola_N_Terpstra_eds_Hidden_Cities_Urban_Space_Geolocated_Apps_and_Public_History_in_Early_Modern_Europe_Routledge_2022_Open_access_https_tinyurl_com_mrxyzbax">D. Rosenthal, F. Nevola, N. Terpstra, eds., Hidden Cities: Urban Space, Geolocated Apps and Public History in Early Modern Europe (Routledge, 2022). **Open access**. https://tinyurl.com/mrxyzbax</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://exeter.academia.edu/DavidRosenthal">David Rosenthal</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://utoronto.academia.edu/NicholasTerpstra">Nicholas Terpstra</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Routledge</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This groundbreaking collection explores the convergence of the spatial and digital turns through ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This groundbreaking collection explores the convergence of the spatial and digital turns through a suite of smartphone apps (Hidden Cities) that present research-led itineraries in early modern cities as public history. The Hidden Cities apps have expanded from an initial case example of Renaissance Florence to a further five historic European cities. This collection considers how the medium structures new methodologies for site-based historical research, while also providing a platform for public history experiences that go beyond typical heritage priorities. It also presents guidelines for user experience design that reconciles the interests of researchers and end users. A central section of the volume presents the underpinning original scholarship that shapes the locative app trails, illustrating how historical research can be translated into publicfacing work. The final section examines how history, delivered in the format of geolocated apps, offers new opportunities for collaboration and innovation: from the creation of museums without walls, connecting objects in collections to their original settings, to informing decision-making in city tourism management. Hidden Cities is a valuable resource for upper-level undergraduates, postgraduates, and scholars across a variety of disciplines, including urban history, public history, museum studies, art and architecture, and digital humanities.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="80f5cf1e9a0adf363aed9bc0accfeaf0" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":81405514,"asset_id":44302373,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81405514/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="44302373"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44302373"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44302373; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44302373]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44302373]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44302373; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='44302373']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "80f5cf1e9a0adf363aed9bc0accfeaf0" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=44302373]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":44302373,"title":"D. 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Revisionist approaches to humanism and humanists have led to a re-evaluation of the framing of belief;  the boundaries between Christianity, Judaism, and Islam are seen to be more fluid and porous; a keen interest in devotion and materiality has lent new voice to 'subaltern' elements in society;  sermon studies has emerged as a distinct discipline and a preacher's omissions are now understood to be often more telling than what was said;  under the influence of the 'spatial turn' art and architectural history is generating new understandings of how belief and devotion translated into material culture; the emphasis in defining early modern Catholic culture and identity has moved from emphasizing reactions to Protestantism towards exploring roots and forms in fifteenth century reform movements; globalization, mass migration and issues surrounding social inclusion have re-positioned our understanding of reform in the late medieval and early modern period. The essays in this volume reflect these historiographical and methodological developments and are organized according to four themes:  Negotiating Boundaries, Modelling Spirituality, Sense and Emotion, and Space and Form. This organization underscores how analysis of religious life clarifies the questions that are at the core of Renaissance studies today. <br /><a href="http://www.brepols.net/Pages/ShowProduct.aspx?prod_id=IS-9782503590691-1" rel="nofollow">http://www.brepols.net/Pages/ShowProduct.aspx?prod_id=IS-9782503590691-1</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d7ed75b7a1a8edb111b0a8278d6dd361" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":68776649,"asset_id":50904557,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68776649/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="50904557"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="50904557"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 50904557; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="42377564"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/42377564/Sex_Gender_and_Sexuality_in_Renaissance_Italy_co_edited_with_J_Murray_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Sex Gender and Sexuality in Renaissance Italy (co-edited with J. Murray)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/62537728/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/42377564/Sex_Gender_and_Sexuality_in_Renaissance_Italy_co_edited_with_J_Murray_">Sex Gender and Sexuality in Renaissance Italy (co-edited with J. Murray)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>London & New York: Routledge, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated"> Studies of gender and sexuality were originally limited to examinations of women, family, and pr...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Studies of gender and sexuality were originally limited to examinations of women, family, and private life.  Scholarship in the field now explores the complicated nexus of sex and gender as it influences all aspects of past societies, from politics and religion to literature and art.  Renaissance sex and gender studies have reshaped scholarship on work disciplines and trading patterns, military culture, network analysis, material culture, and adolescence.  They have been at the core of new methodological approaches in the history of the senses, of emotions, and of spatiality. Sex, Gender, and Sexuality in Renaissance Italy highlights the impact of recent scholarship and demonstrates the new directions being forged in current studies on sex and gender in Italy from 1300-1700.  Leading scholars offer new research findings that explore gender identities and dynamics, textual images and artistic images, and sexual transgression and sexual identities situated in the context of leading Renaissance cities.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="16fdaa953bcdf8e95d629c14762b3f87" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":62537728,"asset_id":42377564,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62537728/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="42377564"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="42377564"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42377564; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42377564]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42377564]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42377564; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='42377564']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "16fdaa953bcdf8e95d629c14762b3f87" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=42377564]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":42377564,"title":"Sex Gender and Sexuality in Renaissance Italy (co-edited with J. 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Contributions explore the negotiations, tensions, and contacts that developed across social, gender, and religious lines in different parts of the globe, focusing on how different convictions about religious reform and approaches to it shaped social action and cross-confessional encounters. The first volume to explore the convergence of religious reform, global expansion, and governmental consolidation in the early modern world and examine the Reformation as a global phenomenon, it asks how a global frame complicates our understanding of what the Reformation itself was and offers a unique and up-to-date examination of the Reformation that broadens out readers’ understanding in creative and useful ways. <br /><br />Demonstrating new research and innovative approaches in the study of cross-cultural contact during the early modern period, this volume is ideal for advanced undergraduates and graduates of Early Modern History, Religious History, Women & Gender Studies and Global History.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="ec74fffd2f19b2cea7a3f420c93573a2" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":62537608,"asset_id":42377446,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62537608/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="42377446"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="42377446"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42377446; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42377446]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42377446]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42377446; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='42377446']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="42377378"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/42377378/Reframing_Reformation_Understanding_Religious_Difference_in_Early_Modern_Europe"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Reframing Reformation: Understanding Religious Difference in Early Modern Europe" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/62537534/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/42377378/Reframing_Reformation_Understanding_Religious_Difference_in_Early_Modern_Europe">Reframing Reformation: Understanding Religious Difference in Early Modern Europe</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated"> What is Reformation, and where? Who does it impact, and how? This collection offers a sustaine...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">What is Reformation, and where?  Who does it impact, and how?  This collection offers a sustained, comparative, and interdisciplinary exploration of religious transformations in the early modern world. Scholars once confidently framed the Reformation as a sixteenth-century European Protestant and Catholic phenomenon, but now look expansively across different confessions, faiths, time periods, and geographical areas.  The collection explores global developments and tracks the many ways in which Reformation movements, broadly conceived, shaped relations of Christians with other Christians, and also with Jews, Muslims, Buddhists, and aboriginal groups in the Americas.  Taking the approach of ‘connected’ or ‘entangled’ histories, the different essays explore the various negotiations, tensions, and contacts that developed across social, gender, and religious lines in different parts of the globe, with a focus on how the different convictions about religious reform and different approaches to it shaped both social action and cross-confessional encounters.  <br /><br />Religious reformers of all confessions emphasized the implications of their ideas about religion for all areas of life:  reform was never limited to issues of theology, liturgy, or church order, but had to have a profound impact on how people lived, worked, and worshipped in civil society.  The definition of civil society, and the boundaries of it, were expanding rapidly in the early modern period.  Within continental Europe, forces of purification and exclusion led to mass expulsion or ghettoization of religious aliens from the fourteenth through the eighteenth centuries, turning this into the period when the religious refugee emerged as a mass phenomenon.  These were also the centuries when European powers colonized and missionized large parts of the globe.  In some areas they worked to impose very particular forms of a reformed Christian civil society on indigenous populations.  In others, they aimed to segregate enclosed enclaves of either Christians or non-Christians, and in this way protect Christian society from contamination by religiously-distinct groups and cultures.  Conversion became both a highly sought after goal, and a deeply disturbing threat, as Europeans fretted over who they could trust -- and how they could tell.  <br /><br />These studies constitute the first comparative collection to explore the convergence of religious reform, global expansion, and governmental consolidation in the early modern world.  It is the first to explore the Reformation as a global phenomenon, and to ask how a global frame complicates our understanding of what the Reformation itself was, both in Europe and in other parts of the early modern world.  This is particularly timely, coming after many conferences and lectures held in 2017 to mark the 500th anniversary of Martin Luther’s protest against indulgences (framed by some as the 500th anniversary of the Reformation).  Almost all took the opportunity to interrogate traditional understandings of Reformation and the Reformation, putting these issues very much on the agenda of current research.  Many of these re-examinations foregrounded interfaith difference as a key determinant to understanding in a new way the religio-political changes that were sweeping rapidly across Europe and beyond from the fifteenth into the eighteenth centuries.  <br /><br />The early modern world saw a great increase in contacts between religious traditions and their believers.  Many meetings were fraught with the tensions of alterity. All contacts generated new forms of accommodation, exclusion, communication, exchange, and transformation.  This interdisciplinary essay collection explores the resulting cultural, historical, art historical, literary, and intellectual disruptions and convergences.  It examines the transmission and translation of material, textual, and cultural practices in contexts that were animated by the effort to reform, purify, or convert others.  It probes the inter-actions that developed across confessional lines, and the unanticipated consequences that rippled out across the globe from the religious schisms in Europe.  Many of these inter-faith contacts are driven by dynamics arising directly from the Reformation, and this is the theme explored in the collection.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f52e73a5a3fdf41159e0bf7239ddf945" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":62537534,"asset_id":42377378,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62537534/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="42377378"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="42377378"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42377378; 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See more at <a href="http://b2l.bz/KZKHc6" rel="nofollow">http://b2l.bz/KZKHc6</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="9be6182e02d3b0c233d007104818e01e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":46975877,"asset_id":26693728,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46975877/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="26693728"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26693728"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26693728; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="16477058"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/16477058/Religious_Refugees_in_the_Early_Modern_World_An_Alternative_History_of_the_Reformation"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Religious Refugees in the Early Modern World: An Alternative History of the Reformation" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/39010838/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/16477058/Religious_Refugees_in_the_Early_Modern_World_An_Alternative_History_of_the_Reformation">Religious Refugees in the Early Modern World: An Alternative History of the Reformation</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The religious refugee first emerged as a mass phenomenon in the late fifteenth century. Over the...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The religious refugee first emerged as a mass phenomenon in the late fifteenth century.  Over the following two and a half centuries, millions of Jews, Muslims, and Christians were forced from their homes and into temporary or permanent exile.  Their migrations across Europe and around the globe shaped the early modern world, and profoundly affected literature, art, and culture.  Economic and political factors drove many expulsions, but religion was the factor most commonly used to justify them.  This was also the period of religious revival known as the Reformation.  This book explores how reformers' ambitions to purify individuals and society fueled movements to purge ideas, objects, and people considered religiously alien or spiritually contagious.  Religious uniformity became – and remains today -- a political goal for many.  Despite exceptions and occasional co-existence, they believed that the only way to fully reform the Self was to expel the Other.  So they did.<br />Link: <a href="http://www.cambridge.org/9781107652415" rel="nofollow">http://www.cambridge.org/9781107652415</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="46e2f612c4b294037ee3584d94dd408b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":39010838,"asset_id":16477058,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39010838/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="16477058"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="16477058"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16477058; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="1950170"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/1950170/Cultures_of_Charity_Women_Politics_and_the_Reform_of_Poor_Relief_in_Renaissance_Italy"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Cultures of Charity: Women, Politics, and the Reform of Poor Relief in Renaissance Italy" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/28167193/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/1950170/Cultures_of_Charity_Women_Politics_and_the_Reform_of_Poor_Relief_in_Renaissance_Italy">Cultures of Charity: Women, Politics, and the Reform of Poor Relief in Renaissance Italy</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Renaissance Italians pioneered radical changes in ways of helping the poor, including orphanages,...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Renaissance Italians pioneered radical changes in ways of helping the poor, including orphanages, workhouses, pawnshops, and women's shelters.  This book aims to show that gender was the key factor driving innovation.  Most of the recipients of institutional charity were women.  The most creative new plans focused on features of women's poverty like illegitimate births, hunger, unemployment, and domestic violence.  Signal features of the reforms, from forced labour to new instruments of saving and lending, were devised specifically to help young women get a start in life. <br /> <br />Publisher’s summary: <br />Renaissance Italians pioneered radical changes in ways of helping the poor, including orphanages, workhouses, pawnshops, and women’s shelters. Nicholas Terpstra shows that gender was the key factor driving innovation. Most of the recipients of charity were women. The most creative new plans focused on features of women’s poverty like illegitimate births, hunger, unemployment, and domestic violence. Signal features of the reforms, from forced labor to new instruments of saving and lending, were devised specifically to help young women get a start in life. <br /> <br />Cultures of Charity is the first book to see women’s poverty as the key factor driving changes to poor relief. These changes generated intense political debates as proponents of republican democracy challenged more elitist and authoritarian forms of government emerging at the time. Should taxes fund poor relief? Could forced labor help build local industry? Focusing on Bologna, Terpstra looks at how these fights around politics and gender generated pioneering forms of poor relief, including early examples of maternity benefits, unemployment insurance, food stamps, and credit union savings plans. <br /> <br />Table of Contents: <br />Introduction <br />1. Showing the Poor a Good Time: Gender, Class, and Charitable Cultures <br />• Two Cultures of Charity <br />• “Good Mothers of the Family” <br />2. Worthy Poor, Worthy Rich: Women’s Poverty and Charitable Institutions <br />• The Turning Wheel: Charitable Institutions and Life Cycle Poverty <br />• The Critical Decade <br />• Nights and Days at the Opera <br />3. Tightening Control: The Narrowing Politics of Charity <br />• Making It Work <br />• People versus Patricians: Civil Society and Controlling Charity <br />4. Meeting the Bottom Line: Alms, Taxes, Work, and Legacies <br />• Begging for Beggars: Keeping the Opera Pia dei Poveri Mendicanti Afloat <br />• Taxation by Other Means <br />• Making a Workhouse <br />• Deeper in Debt and Richer all the Time: Building a Legacy <br />5. The Wheel Keeps Turning: Moving Beyond the Opera <br />• Enclosing the Circle: Shelters and the Reform of Poor Women <br />• Credit Where Credit Was Due: Investing in Marriage <br />• Beyond Charity: Mutual Assistance and the Working Poor <br />6. Epilogue: Baroque Piety and the Qualità of Mercy <br />• Bringing Discipline to Practical Charity <br />• The Aesthetics of Poverty and the Qualità of Mercy <br />Notes <br />Bibliography <br />Acknowledgments <br />Index <br />Figures and Tables: <br /> <br />Endorsements: <br />“Terpstra’s intimate and human study of Bologna’s attempts to deal with the life cycle of poverty—especially that of women—provides a virtual comparative history of the troubled relationship between rich and poor in early modern Europe. This is the new social and cultural history at its best—rich with significant findings, livened with everyday human details, and sensitively evoked by a master historian.”—Guido Ruggiero, University of Miami <br />“This sweeping exploration of early modern poor relief shows how Bologna became a model for other cities in meeting the challenge of female poverty across the life cycle. By putting gender squarely at the center of analysis, Terpstra brilliantly illuminates how widespread concerns for poor women and girls sparked innovative networks of care aimed at both charity and discipline.”—Sharon Strocchia, Emory University"</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="459993e9e03816aeb94d07bd3408e13e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":28167193,"asset_id":1950170,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/28167193/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="1950170"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1950170"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1950170; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="2012639"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/2012639/Lost_Girls_Sex_and_Death_in_Renaissance_Florence"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Lost Girls: Sex & Death in Renaissance Florence" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32440994/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/2012639/Lost_Girls_Sex_and_Death_in_Renaissance_Florence">Lost Girls: Sex & Death in Renaissance Florence</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">What was killing the girls of the Pietà? In 1554 dozens of Florentine women pooled their resourc...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">What was killing the girls of the Pietà?  In 1554 dozens of Florentine women pooled their resources to open a shelter for orphaned and abandoned girls.  Their House of Compassion, or Casa della Pietà, was located in one of Florence’s worst industrial slums. It soon grew to become the largest girls’ shelter in Florence and the most innovative orphanage in Renaissance Italy.  Yet this safe house was also a dangerous place.  Before too long, girls were dying there by the dozens.  <br /> <br />This innovative study reaches deep into the archives in an effort to determine what may have been killing the girls of the Pietà.  Was it work?  They worked hard and in grim conditions producing silk and wool thread for Florentine cloth merchants.  Was it sexual abuse?  The medical care offered in the home included some remedies that would induce abortions, and others that could ease the symptoms of venereal disease. Was it their ‘benefactors’?  Many of the women supporting the home were members of the most fundamentalist religious group then active in Florence. <br /> <br />The women ran the home for only a decade and a half.  After they were pushed aside and the House of Compassion was relocated to a new part of town, fewer girls died at the shelter.  Yet documents around the move suggest intense ongoing battles between the women of the Pietà and Florence’s ecclesiastical authorities.  They also point to a later cover-up and to deliberate efforts to erase all record of the women’s charitable work. But what work was it? <br />The tragic story of the girls of the Pietà highlights the conflicted attitudes that Renaissance Florentines had about adolescents and sex.  The women who defied convention to help them challenged religious authorities, the Medici dukes, and popular opinion.  But was theirs a dangerous charity? <br /> <br />Publisher’s summary: <br />In 1554, a group of idealistic laywomen founded a home for homeless and orphaned adolescent girls in one of the worst neighborhoods in Florence. Of the 526 girls who lived in the home during its fourteen-year tenure, only 202 left there alive. Struck by the unusually high mortality rate, Nicholas Terpstra sets out to determine what killed the lost girls of the House of Compassion shelter (Casa della Pietà). <br /> <br />Reaching deep into the archives' letters, ledgers, and records from both inside and outside the home, he slowly pieces together the tragic story. The Casa welcomed girls in bad health and with little future, hoping to save them from an almost certain life of poverty and drudgery. Yet this "safe" house was cruelly dangerous. Victims of Renaissance Florence's sexual politics, these young women were at the disposal of the city's elite men, who treated them as property meant for their personal pleasure. <br /> <br />With scholarly precision and journalistic style, Terpstra uncovers and chronicles a series of disturbing leads that point to possible reasons so many girls died: hints of routine abortions, basic medical care for sexually transmitted diseases, and appalling conditions in the textile factories where the girls worked. <br /> <br />Church authorities eventually took the Casa della Pietà away from the women who had founded it and moved it to a better part of Florence. Its sordid past was hidden, until now, in an official history that bore little resemblance to the orphanage's true origins. Terpstra's meticulous investigation not only uncovers the sad fate of the lost girls of the Casa della Pietà but also explores broader themes, including gender relations, public health, church politics, and the challenges girls and adolescent women faced in Renaissance Florence. <br /> <br />Endorsements: <br />"Nicholas Terpstra uses the puzzling deaths of teenaged girls in a Florentine asylum for the poor to take us into many surprising corners in the life of working people, and especially women, in that sixteenth-century city—sexual, medical, religious, and more. A fascinating Renaissance mystery story and a wonderful read!"—Natalie Zemon Davis, author of The Return of Martin Guerre <br /> <br />"This is history with a decidedly human face. The author's vivid descriptions of urban life and its material realities are unsurpassed. It's no exaggeration to say that this book makes the streets of Renaissance Florence come alive like no other."—Sharon T. Strocchia, author of Nuns and Nunneries in Renaissance Florence</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b1dacd065fdbae46706f9931f1be0c0c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":32440994,"asset_id":2012639,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32440994/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="2012639"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span 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dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="737545"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/737545/Abandoned_Children_of_the_Italian_Renaissance_Orphan_Care_in_Florence_and_Bologna"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Abandoned Children of the Italian Renaissance: Orphan Care in Florence and Bologna" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32444886/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/737545/Abandoned_Children_of_the_Italian_Renaissance_Orphan_Care_in_Florence_and_Bologna">Abandoned Children of the Italian Renaissance: Orphan Care in Florence and Bologna</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Publisher’s summary: Nearly half of the children who lived in the cities of the late Italian Ren...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Publisher’s summary: <br />Nearly half of the children who lived in the cities of the late Italian Renaissance were under fifteen years of age. Grinding poverty, unstable families, and the death of a parent could make caring for these young children a burden. Many were abandoned, others orphaned. At a time when political rulers fashioned themselves as the "fathers" of society, these cast-off children presented a very immediate challenge and opportunity. <br /> <br />In Bologna and Florence, government and private institutions pioneered orphanages to care for the growing number of homeless children. Nicholas Terpstra discusses the founding and management of these institutions, the procedures for placing children into them, the children's daily routine and education, and finally their departure from these homes. He explores the role of the city-state and considers why Bologna and Florence took different paths in operating the orphanages. Terpstra finds that Bologna's orphanages were better run, looked after the children more effectively, and were more successful in returning their wards to society as productive members of the city's economy. Florence's orphanages were larger and harsher, and made little attempt to reintegrate children into society. <br /> <br />Based on extensive archival research and individual stories, Abandoned Children of the Italian Renaissance demonstrates how gender and class shaped individual orphanages in each city's network, and how politics, charity, and economics intertwined in the development of the early modern state.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="0929ac4fc8f38eb5da348eb026dcf474" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":32444886,"asset_id":737545,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32444886/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" 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dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="737538"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/737538/Lay_Confraternities_and_Civic_Religion_in_Renaissance_Bologna"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Lay Confraternities and Civic Religion in Renaissance Bologna" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32445272/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/737538/Lay_Confraternities_and_Civic_Religion_in_Renaissance_Bologna">Lay Confraternities and Civic Religion in Renaissance Bologna</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Publisher’ summary: The Renaissance is still often wrongly characterized as a period of religio...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Publisher’ summary: <br />The Renaissance is still often wrongly characterized as a period of religious indifference. Contradicting that viewpoint, this book examines confraternities: lay groups through which Italians of the Renaissance expressed their individual and collective religious beliefs. Intensely local and dominated by artisans and craftsmen, the confraternities shaped the civic religious cult through various activities such as charitable work, public shrines, and processions. This book puts these religious activities into the turbulent social and political context of Renaissance Bologna. <br />• The first study in English of Renaissance Bologna since the 1930s <br />• Illustrates the effects of gender, class and religion in early modern society</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a7a8d7d7160cfa149cdb693c72e4fc69" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":32445272,"asset_id":737538,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32445272/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="737538"><a 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dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="4856162"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/4856162/Faiths_Boundaries_Laity_and_Clergy_in_Early_Modern_Confraternities_Main_editor_in_collaboration_with_Adriano_Prosperi_and_Stefania_Pastore_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Faith's Boundaries: Laity and Clergy in Early Modern Confraternities (Main editor, in collaboration with Adriano Prosperi and Stefania Pastore)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32136846/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/4856162/Faiths_Boundaries_Laity_and_Clergy_in_Early_Modern_Confraternities_Main_editor_in_collaboration_with_Adriano_Prosperi_and_Stefania_Pastore_">Faith's Boundaries: Laity and Clergy in Early Modern Confraternities (Main editor, in collaboration with Adriano Prosperi and Stefania Pastore)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Publisher’s summary: This volume explores how the relationship between confraternities and the c...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Publisher’s summary:  This volume explores how the relationship between confraternities and the clergy negotiated the boundaries of religious space in the late medieval and early modern periods. Who owns the spaces of religion? Does the question matter, or even make sense? Modern distinctions between sacred and secular spheres tend to assume that clergy dominate the former, and lay people the latter. A man or woman living in the early modern period might not have been so sure. They would have thought more immediately of things of heaven and things of earth, and would have seen each as the concern of clergy and laity alike. Faith’s boundaries, while real, were very porous. This collection offers the first sustained comparative examination of lay–clerical relations in confraternities through the late medieval and early modern periods. It shows how laity and clergy debated, accommodated, resolved, or deflected the key issues of gender, race, politics, class, and power. The sixteen essays are organized into six sections that consider different aspects of the function of confraternities as social spaces where laity and clergy met, mediated, and sometimes competed and fought. They cover a period historically when kinship was a dominant metaphor in religious life and when kinship groups like confraternities were dominant models in religious institutions. They deal with Catholic, Jewish, and Islamic confraternities, and range geographically from Europe to the Middle East, Central and South Asia, and Latin America.  <br /> <br />Table of Contents:  <br />Boundaries of Brotherhood: Laity and Clergy in the Social Spaces of Religion - Nicholas Terpstra <br />Part I. Confraternities and Comunitas: Politics, Charity, and Civic Religion <br />Civic Hospitals, Local Identity, and Regional States in Early Modern Italy - Daniel Bornstein  <br />Delegated Charity: Confraternities between City, Nations, and Curia in Late Medieval Rome - Anna Esposito <br />Confraternities, Citizenship, and Factionalism: Genoa in the Early Sixteenth Century - Carlo Taviani <br />Between Devotion and Politics: Marian Confraternities in Renaissance Parma - Cristina Cecchinelli <br />Part II. Texts & Contexts: The Case of Florence <br />The Plea for Lay Bibles in Fourteenth- and Fifteenth-Century Tuscany: The Role of Confraternities - Sabrina Corbellini <br />Preaching, Brotherhoods, and Biblical Literacy: The Case of Pietro Bernardo of Florence - Peter Howard <br />Machiavelli and Confraternities: Oratory and Parody - Olga Zorzi Pugliese <br />Part III. Kinship, Civil Society, and Social Capital <br />Bonding or Bridging Social Capital? The Evolution of Brabantine Fraternities during the Late Medieval and the Early Modern Period - Maarten F. Van Dijck <br />Negotiating Charity, Politics, and Religion in the Colonial Philippines: The Brotherhood of the Misericordia of Manila (1594–1780s) - Juan O. Mesquida <br />Part IV. Kinship and the Politics of Devotion in Islam and Judaism <br />Islamic Brotherhoods in Sixteenth‑Century Central Asia: The Dervish, the Sultan, and the Sufi Mirror for Princes - Alexandre Papas <br />Kabbalistic Innovation in Jewish Confraternities in the Early Modern Mediterranean - Roni Weinstein <br />Part V. Mediating Difference: Race, Gender, and Kinship <br />Confraternal Community as a Vehicle for Jewish Female Agency in Eighteenth-Century Italy - Federica Francesconi <br />Native Brotherhoods and Visual Culture in Colonial Quito (Ecuador): The Confraternity of the Rosary - Susan Verdi Webster <br />Part VI. Boundary Disputes:Laity, Clergy, and Conflict <br />Revolutionary Flagellants? Clerical Perceptions of Flagellant Brotherhoods in Late Medieval Flanders and Italy - Gavin Hammel <br />Beyond Crisis: Confraternities in Modern Italy between the Church and Lay Society - Danilo Zardin <br />‘Such a despotic rule’: Confraternities and the Parish in Eighteenth-Century Paris and Milan - David Garrioch</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="971b2c6873c7a0279e24a17f88579f13" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":32136846,"asset_id":4856162,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32136846/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="4856162"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="4856162"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4856162; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="5268653"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/5268653/The_Art_of_Executing_Well_Rituals_of_Execution_in_Renaissance_Italy_Editor_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Art of Executing Well: Rituals of Execution in Renaissance Italy (Editor)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32459028/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/5268653/The_Art_of_Executing_Well_Rituals_of_Execution_in_Renaissance_Italy_Editor_">The Art of Executing Well: Rituals of Execution in Renaissance Italy (Editor)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Publisher’s summary: In Renaissance Italy a good execution was both public and peaceful - at le...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Publisher’s summary: <br />In Renaissance Italy a good execution was both public and peaceful - at least in the eyes of authorities. In a feature unique to Italy, the people who prepared a condemned man or woman spiritually and psychologically for execution were not priests or friars, but laymen. This volume includes some of the songs, stories, poems, and images that they used, together with first-person accounts and ballads describing particular executions. Leading scholars expand on these accounts with articles explaining particular aspects of the theatre, psychology, and politics of execution. The main text is a manual, translated in English for the first time, on how to comfort a man in his last hours before beheading or hanging. It became an influential text used across Renaissance Italy. <br /> <br />A second lengthy piece gives an eyewitness account of the final hours of two patrician Florentines executed for conspiracy against the Medici in 1512. Shorter pieces include poems written by prisoners on the eve of their execution, songs sung by the condemned and their comforters, and popular broadsheets reporting on particular executions. It is richly illustrated with the small panel paintings that were thrust into prisoners' faces to distract them as they made the public journey to the gallows. <br /> <br />Six interdisciplinary essays explain the contexts and meanings of these writings and of execution rituals generally. They explore the relation of execution rituals to late medieval street theater, the use of art to comfort the condemned, the literature that issued from prisons by the hands of condemned prisoners, the theological issues around public executions in the Renaissance, the psychological dimensions of the comforting process, and some of the social, political, and historical dimensions of executions and comforting in Renaissance Italy. <br /> <br />Table of Contents: <br />Scaffold and Stage: Comforting Rituals and Dramatic Traditions in Late Medieval and Renaissance Italy, Kathleen Falvey <br />Comforting with Song: Using Laude to Assist Condemned Prisoners,Pamela Gravestock <br />Mirror of a Condemned: The Religious Poems of Andrea Viarani, Alfredo Troiano <br />In Your Face: Paintings for the Condemned in Renaissance Italy, Massimo Ferretti <br />Consolation or Condemnation: The Debates on Withholding Sacraments from Prisoners, Adriano Prosperi <br />Theory into Practice: Executions, Comforting, and Comforters in Renaissance Italy, Nicholas Terpstra <br /> <br />Endorsements: <br />The Art of Executing Well offers a disturbing picture of what went on behind the scenes at executions in Renaissance Italy. Companies of patrician laymen consoled the condemned during the dark night before an execution, whispered prayers into his ear as he marched through the streets on the way to the scaffold, and stood by him right up to the moment of death. Only in Italy did “companies of death” offer professionals, merchants, and political leaders an intimate experience with the horrors of judicial executions. This fascinating volume, which conveys all the psychological and spiritual intensity of these dramatic personal encounters between the condemned and the political figures who supported capital punishment, suggests why, long before other Europeans Italian elites became skeptical of the benefits of judicial executions, Tuscany was the first European state to abolish capital punishment. —Edward Muir</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="9d8ca088d9f9335a4b677d4dd81652c7" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":32459028,"asset_id":5268653,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32459028/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: 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href="https://www.academia.edu/737539/The_Politics_of_Ritual_Kinship_Confraternities_and_Social_Order_in_Early_Modern_Italy_Editor_">The Politics of Ritual Kinship: Confraternities and Social Order in Early Modern Italy (Editor)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Publisher’s summary: Confraternities were the most common form of organized religious life in m...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Publisher’s summary: <br />Confraternities were the most common form of organized religious life in medieval and early modern Europe. They were at once the lay face of the church, the spiritual heart of civic government, and the social kin who claimed the allegiance of peers and the obedience of subordinates. In this 1999 collection, fifteen scholars examine the development of confraternities in Italy, where they emerged first and had the greatest impact. Individual essays explore a common set of themes across Italy from the twelfth to the eighteenth centuries: the ubiquity of confraternities, social construction, and devotional ethos; their ritual culture and civic religion; their antagonistic and collaborative relations with both civic and ecclesiastical authorities; and their role in social welfare and social control of marginal groups. The authors demonstrate how the ritual kinship expressed in confraternities emerged in the Middle Ages and became a powerful force in 'civilizing' early modern Italian society. <br />• A wide-ranging collection, from medieval times to the eighteenth century, on a key institution in Italian society <br />• Covers the length and breadth of Italy, with insights into the country's social, religious and anthropological make-up <br />• Brings together a team of outstanding historians from Italy, Britain and North America <br /> <br />Table of Contents: <br />List of contributors <br />Acknowledgements <br />Introduction: the politics of ritual kinship Nicholas Terpstra <br />1. The development of confraternity studies over the past thirty years Christopher F. Black <br />2. Homosociality and civic (dis)order in late medieval Italian confraternities Jennifer Fisk Rondeau <br />3. Confraternities and lay female religiosity in late medieval and Reniassance Umbria Giovanna Casagrande <br />4. The bounds of community: commune, parish, confraternity and charity at the dawn of a new era in Cortona Daniel Bornstein <br />5. Men and women in Roman confraternities in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries: roles, functions, expectations Anna Esposito <br />6. The Medici and the youth Confraternity of the Purification of the Virgin, 1434–1506 Lorenzo Polizzotto <br />7. In loco parentis: confraternities and abandoned children in Florence and Bologna Nicholas Terpstra <br />8. The first Jesuit confraternities and marginalised groups in sixteenth-century Rome Lance Lazar <br />9. Jewish confraternal piety in sixteenth-century Ferrara: continuity and change Elliott Horowitz <br />10. The scuole piccole of Venice: formations and transformations Richard S. Mackenney <br />11. Relaunching confraternities in the Tridentine era: shaping conscience and Christianising society in Milan and Lombardy Danilo Zardin <br />12. The development of Jesuit confraternity activity in the Kingdom of Naples in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries Mark A. Lewis <br />13. Corpus Domini: ritual metamorphoses and social changes in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Genoa Claudio Bernardi <br />14. Faith's boundaries: ritual and territory in rural Piedmont in the early modern period Angelo Torre <br />15. The suppression of confraternities in Enlightenment Florence Konrad Eisenbichler <br />Bibliography <br />Index.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="fd7e5157e2af4625dd557359a83d6ced" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":32458875,"asset_id":737539,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32458875/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="737539"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="737539"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 737539; 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It also exposes many differences separating contemporaries from their medieval and early modern ancestors. In putting the concept of social capital to the test, the authors also expose the strengths, weaknesses, and limits of the ‘Putnam thesis’. The essays address fourteenth-century English fears of old-age neglect; childhood, friendship, scandal, and rivalry in Renaissance Florence; rebellion in an Italian village; social capital and seigneurial power in southern and north-central Italy; guild violence in Calvinist Ghent; civil society in early-modern Bologna, Naples and the Papal State; gender in High Renaissance Rome; and critical analyses of the transition from religious to secular sensibilities that scholars (following Jürgen Habermas) have identified in eighteenth-century Europe. In each case, the topic is considered in relation to recent theories of ‘social capital’: the informal, intangible bonds of trust upon which, social scientist Robert Putnam argues, every human community depends. The result is a series of highly original case-studies which reveal the workings of late medieval and early modern European society from new and often unexpected angles.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="87f92b770e7cee8d4f7b5a50fbc008bb" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":32459197,"asset_id":5287645,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32459197/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="5287645"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5287645"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5287645; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Articles" id="Articles"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Articles by Nicholas Terpstra</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="125037735"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/125037735/Ignatius_Confratello_Confraternities_as_Modes_of_Spritual_Community_2001_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Ignatius, Confratello - Confraternities as Modes of Spritual Community (2001)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/119153548/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/125037735/Ignatius_Confratello_Confraternities_as_Modes_of_Spritual_Community_2001_">Ignatius, Confratello - Confraternities as Modes of Spritual Community (2001)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Early Modern Catholicism (Collection)</span><span>, 2001</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Confraternities were institutions, but they were also communities. How do we move beyond a narro...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Confraternities were institutions, but they were also communities.  How do we move beyond a narrowly institutional frame to recognize them as early modern forms of spiritual community that were ubiquitous, fluid, and very often provisional?</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="cdb1976d22951ba812485b681da87b12" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":119153548,"asset_id":125037735,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/119153548/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="125037735"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="125037735"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 125037735; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="114342221"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/114342221/Found_and_Lost_Race_Demography_and_Reason_of_State_in_Early_Modern_Foundling_Care"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Found & Lost: Race, Demography, and Reason of State in Early Modern Foundling Care" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/111066054/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/114342221/Found_and_Lost_Race_Demography_and_Reason_of_State_in_Early_Modern_Foundling_Care">Found & Lost: Race, Demography, and Reason of State in Early Modern Foundling Care</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Lost & Found: Locating Foundlings in the Early Modern World </span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Why did the new city of Livorno, soon the second largest in Tuscany, not gain its own foundling h...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Why did the new city of Livorno, soon the second largest in Tuscany, not gain its own foundling home for 3 centuries? An international entrepôt with a highly diverse population, it very quickly opened a wide range of charitable institutions within decades to serve its population, but its foundlings were sent to Pisa and then distributed through the Duchy.  Might concerns about race and demography have played a part in the decision?</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="abfb3fb2d51eaff97a49d84fc6887d4a" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":111066054,"asset_id":114342221,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/111066054/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="114342221"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="114342221"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 114342221; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="276154" id="books"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="125115832"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/125115832/Reform_Reformation_and_Global_Reformations_2021_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Reform Reformation and Global Reformations (2021)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/119216763/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/125115832/Reform_Reformation_and_Global_Reformations_2021_">Reform Reformation and Global Reformations (2021)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Global Reformations Sourcebook: Convergence, Conversion, and Conflict in Early Modern Religious Encounters</span><span>, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Does it make any sense to speak of a Global Reformation? How might our framing of the period or ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Does it make any sense to speak of a Global Reformation?  How might our framing of the period or movement shift if we begin to look at it in a global perspective.  It allows -- or requires -- us to look beyond the intense theological disputes in Northern Europe in the first decades of the 16th century, to look beyond the intense disputes within Christendom, to span the full period from the 15th to the 18th centuries, to take Catholic Reform as a creative and not simply a reactionary element, and to integrate international trade and colonization more fully into the Reformation narrative.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="ca2c8993b46f8d0cec5239592932928b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":119216763,"asset_id":125115832,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/119216763/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="125115832"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="125115832"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 125115832; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="116218767"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/116218767/Senses_of_Space_in_the_Early_Modern_World"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Senses of Space in the Early Modern World" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112410559/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/116218767/Senses_of_Space_in_the_Early_Modern_World">Senses of Space in the Early Modern World</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Senses of Space in the Early Modern World</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">How did early moderns experience sense and space? How did the expanding cultural, political, and ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">How did early moderns experience sense and space? How did the expanding cultural, political, and social horizons of the period emerge out of those experiences and further shape them  This study takes an approach that is both global expansive and locally rooted by focusing on four cities as key examples: Florence, Amsterdam, Boston, and Manila. They relate to distinct parts of European cultural and colonialist experience from north to south, republican to monarchical, Catholic to Protestant. Without attempting a comprehensive treatment, the book aims to convey the range of distinct experiences of space and sense as these varied by age, gender, race, and class. Readers see how sensory and spatial experiences emerged through religious cultures which were themselves shaped by temporal rhythms, and how sound and movement expressed gathering economic and political forces in an emerging global order. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="40cc93fc16db37bbe7d7bf7968d641b2" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":112410559,"asset_id":116218767,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112410559/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="116218767"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="116218767"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 116218767; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="114342502"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/114342502/Lost_and_Found_Locating_Foundlings_in_the_Early_Modern_World"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Lost & Found: Locating Foundlings in the Early Modern World" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/111066271/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/114342502/Lost_and_Found_Locating_Foundlings_in_the_Early_Modern_World">Lost & Found: Locating Foundlings in the Early Modern World</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Lost & Found: Locating Foundlings in the Early Modern World</span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">A new collection of 15 papers dealing with aspects of early modern foundling care: legal & cultur...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">A new collection of 15 papers dealing with aspects of early modern foundling care: legal & cultural contexts, the care, governance & identity of foundlings, and questions around race, abandonment, and foundling care in Italy, the Americas, and Asia.  One section of the book uses digital means to recreate the spaces, settings, and demographic and economic contexts for Florence's Ospedale degli Innocenti.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="cbc10a4efd1e5e7c3360ac3a6622384c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":111066271,"asset_id":114342502,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/111066271/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="114342502"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="114342502"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 114342502; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="44302373"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/44302373/D_Rosenthal_F_Nevola_N_Terpstra_eds_Hidden_Cities_Urban_Space_Geolocated_Apps_and_Public_History_in_Early_Modern_Europe_Routledge_2022_Open_access_https_tinyurl_com_mrxyzbax"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of D. Rosenthal, F. Nevola, N. Terpstra, eds., Hidden Cities: Urban Space, Geolocated Apps and Public History in Early Modern Europe (Routledge, 2022). **Open access**. https://tinyurl.com/mrxyzbax" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/81405514/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/44302373/D_Rosenthal_F_Nevola_N_Terpstra_eds_Hidden_Cities_Urban_Space_Geolocated_Apps_and_Public_History_in_Early_Modern_Europe_Routledge_2022_Open_access_https_tinyurl_com_mrxyzbax">D. Rosenthal, F. Nevola, N. Terpstra, eds., Hidden Cities: Urban Space, Geolocated Apps and Public History in Early Modern Europe (Routledge, 2022). **Open access**. https://tinyurl.com/mrxyzbax</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://exeter.academia.edu/DavidRosenthal">David Rosenthal</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://utoronto.academia.edu/NicholasTerpstra">Nicholas Terpstra</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Routledge</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This groundbreaking collection explores the convergence of the spatial and digital turns through ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This groundbreaking collection explores the convergence of the spatial and digital turns through a suite of smartphone apps (Hidden Cities) that present research-led itineraries in early modern cities as public history. The Hidden Cities apps have expanded from an initial case example of Renaissance Florence to a further five historic European cities. This collection considers how the medium structures new methodologies for site-based historical research, while also providing a platform for public history experiences that go beyond typical heritage priorities. It also presents guidelines for user experience design that reconciles the interests of researchers and end users. A central section of the volume presents the underpinning original scholarship that shapes the locative app trails, illustrating how historical research can be translated into publicfacing work. The final section examines how history, delivered in the format of geolocated apps, offers new opportunities for collaboration and innovation: from the creation of museums without walls, connecting objects in collections to their original settings, to informing decision-making in city tourism management. Hidden Cities is a valuable resource for upper-level undergraduates, postgraduates, and scholars across a variety of disciplines, including urban history, public history, museum studies, art and architecture, and digital humanities.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="80f5cf1e9a0adf363aed9bc0accfeaf0" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":81405514,"asset_id":44302373,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81405514/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="44302373"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44302373"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44302373; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44302373]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44302373]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44302373; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='44302373']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "80f5cf1e9a0adf363aed9bc0accfeaf0" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=44302373]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":44302373,"title":"D. 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Revisionist approaches to humanism and humanists have led to a re-evaluation of the framing of belief;  the boundaries between Christianity, Judaism, and Islam are seen to be more fluid and porous; a keen interest in devotion and materiality has lent new voice to 'subaltern' elements in society;  sermon studies has emerged as a distinct discipline and a preacher's omissions are now understood to be often more telling than what was said;  under the influence of the 'spatial turn' art and architectural history is generating new understandings of how belief and devotion translated into material culture; the emphasis in defining early modern Catholic culture and identity has moved from emphasizing reactions to Protestantism towards exploring roots and forms in fifteenth century reform movements; globalization, mass migration and issues surrounding social inclusion have re-positioned our understanding of reform in the late medieval and early modern period. The essays in this volume reflect these historiographical and methodological developments and are organized according to four themes:  Negotiating Boundaries, Modelling Spirituality, Sense and Emotion, and Space and Form. This organization underscores how analysis of religious life clarifies the questions that are at the core of Renaissance studies today. <br /><a href="http://www.brepols.net/Pages/ShowProduct.aspx?prod_id=IS-9782503590691-1" rel="nofollow">http://www.brepols.net/Pages/ShowProduct.aspx?prod_id=IS-9782503590691-1</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d7ed75b7a1a8edb111b0a8278d6dd361" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":68776649,"asset_id":50904557,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68776649/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="50904557"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="50904557"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 50904557; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="42377564"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/42377564/Sex_Gender_and_Sexuality_in_Renaissance_Italy_co_edited_with_J_Murray_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Sex Gender and Sexuality in Renaissance Italy (co-edited with J. Murray)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/62537728/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/42377564/Sex_Gender_and_Sexuality_in_Renaissance_Italy_co_edited_with_J_Murray_">Sex Gender and Sexuality in Renaissance Italy (co-edited with J. Murray)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>London & New York: Routledge, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated"> Studies of gender and sexuality were originally limited to examinations of women, family, and pr...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Studies of gender and sexuality were originally limited to examinations of women, family, and private life.  Scholarship in the field now explores the complicated nexus of sex and gender as it influences all aspects of past societies, from politics and religion to literature and art.  Renaissance sex and gender studies have reshaped scholarship on work disciplines and trading patterns, military culture, network analysis, material culture, and adolescence.  They have been at the core of new methodological approaches in the history of the senses, of emotions, and of spatiality. Sex, Gender, and Sexuality in Renaissance Italy highlights the impact of recent scholarship and demonstrates the new directions being forged in current studies on sex and gender in Italy from 1300-1700.  Leading scholars offer new research findings that explore gender identities and dynamics, textual images and artistic images, and sexual transgression and sexual identities situated in the context of leading Renaissance cities.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="16fdaa953bcdf8e95d629c14762b3f87" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":62537728,"asset_id":42377564,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62537728/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="42377564"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="42377564"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42377564; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42377564]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42377564]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42377564; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='42377564']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "16fdaa953bcdf8e95d629c14762b3f87" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=42377564]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":42377564,"title":"Sex Gender and Sexuality in Renaissance Italy (co-edited with J. 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Contributions explore the negotiations, tensions, and contacts that developed across social, gender, and religious lines in different parts of the globe, focusing on how different convictions about religious reform and approaches to it shaped social action and cross-confessional encounters. The first volume to explore the convergence of religious reform, global expansion, and governmental consolidation in the early modern world and examine the Reformation as a global phenomenon, it asks how a global frame complicates our understanding of what the Reformation itself was and offers a unique and up-to-date examination of the Reformation that broadens out readers’ understanding in creative and useful ways. <br /><br />Demonstrating new research and innovative approaches in the study of cross-cultural contact during the early modern period, this volume is ideal for advanced undergraduates and graduates of Early Modern History, Religious History, Women & Gender Studies and Global History.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="ec74fffd2f19b2cea7a3f420c93573a2" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":62537608,"asset_id":42377446,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62537608/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="42377446"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="42377446"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42377446; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42377446]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42377446]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42377446; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='42377446']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="42377378"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/42377378/Reframing_Reformation_Understanding_Religious_Difference_in_Early_Modern_Europe"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Reframing Reformation: Understanding Religious Difference in Early Modern Europe" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/62537534/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/42377378/Reframing_Reformation_Understanding_Religious_Difference_in_Early_Modern_Europe">Reframing Reformation: Understanding Religious Difference in Early Modern Europe</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated"> What is Reformation, and where? Who does it impact, and how? This collection offers a sustaine...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">What is Reformation, and where?  Who does it impact, and how?  This collection offers a sustained, comparative, and interdisciplinary exploration of religious transformations in the early modern world. Scholars once confidently framed the Reformation as a sixteenth-century European Protestant and Catholic phenomenon, but now look expansively across different confessions, faiths, time periods, and geographical areas.  The collection explores global developments and tracks the many ways in which Reformation movements, broadly conceived, shaped relations of Christians with other Christians, and also with Jews, Muslims, Buddhists, and aboriginal groups in the Americas.  Taking the approach of ‘connected’ or ‘entangled’ histories, the different essays explore the various negotiations, tensions, and contacts that developed across social, gender, and religious lines in different parts of the globe, with a focus on how the different convictions about religious reform and different approaches to it shaped both social action and cross-confessional encounters.  <br /><br />Religious reformers of all confessions emphasized the implications of their ideas about religion for all areas of life:  reform was never limited to issues of theology, liturgy, or church order, but had to have a profound impact on how people lived, worked, and worshipped in civil society.  The definition of civil society, and the boundaries of it, were expanding rapidly in the early modern period.  Within continental Europe, forces of purification and exclusion led to mass expulsion or ghettoization of religious aliens from the fourteenth through the eighteenth centuries, turning this into the period when the religious refugee emerged as a mass phenomenon.  These were also the centuries when European powers colonized and missionized large parts of the globe.  In some areas they worked to impose very particular forms of a reformed Christian civil society on indigenous populations.  In others, they aimed to segregate enclosed enclaves of either Christians or non-Christians, and in this way protect Christian society from contamination by religiously-distinct groups and cultures.  Conversion became both a highly sought after goal, and a deeply disturbing threat, as Europeans fretted over who they could trust -- and how they could tell.  <br /><br />These studies constitute the first comparative collection to explore the convergence of religious reform, global expansion, and governmental consolidation in the early modern world.  It is the first to explore the Reformation as a global phenomenon, and to ask how a global frame complicates our understanding of what the Reformation itself was, both in Europe and in other parts of the early modern world.  This is particularly timely, coming after many conferences and lectures held in 2017 to mark the 500th anniversary of Martin Luther’s protest against indulgences (framed by some as the 500th anniversary of the Reformation).  Almost all took the opportunity to interrogate traditional understandings of Reformation and the Reformation, putting these issues very much on the agenda of current research.  Many of these re-examinations foregrounded interfaith difference as a key determinant to understanding in a new way the religio-political changes that were sweeping rapidly across Europe and beyond from the fifteenth into the eighteenth centuries.  <br /><br />The early modern world saw a great increase in contacts between religious traditions and their believers.  Many meetings were fraught with the tensions of alterity. All contacts generated new forms of accommodation, exclusion, communication, exchange, and transformation.  This interdisciplinary essay collection explores the resulting cultural, historical, art historical, literary, and intellectual disruptions and convergences.  It examines the transmission and translation of material, textual, and cultural practices in contexts that were animated by the effort to reform, purify, or convert others.  It probes the inter-actions that developed across confessional lines, and the unanticipated consequences that rippled out across the globe from the religious schisms in Europe.  Many of these inter-faith contacts are driven by dynamics arising directly from the Reformation, and this is the theme explored in the collection.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f52e73a5a3fdf41159e0bf7239ddf945" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":62537534,"asset_id":42377378,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62537534/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="42377378"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="42377378"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42377378; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="26693728"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/26693728/Mapping_Space_Sense_and_Movement_in_Florence_Historical_GIS_and_the_Early_Modern_City"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Mapping Space, Sense and Movement in Florence: Historical GIS and the Early Modern City" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/46975877/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/26693728/Mapping_Space_Sense_and_Movement_in_Florence_Historical_GIS_and_the_Early_Modern_City">Mapping Space, Sense and Movement in Florence: Historical GIS and the Early Modern City</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://brocku.academia.edu/ColinRose">Colin Rose</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://utoronto.academia.edu/NicholasTerpstra">Nicholas Terpstra</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Eleven chapters by twelve historians bring together established scholars, junior faculty and grad...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Eleven chapters by twelve historians bring together established scholars, junior faculty and graduate students to explore the potential of Historical GIS for early modern Italian history, using the newly-developed DECIMA research platform and a variety of other digital history tools. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="16477058"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/16477058/Religious_Refugees_in_the_Early_Modern_World_An_Alternative_History_of_the_Reformation"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Religious Refugees in the Early Modern World: An Alternative History of the Reformation" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/39010838/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/16477058/Religious_Refugees_in_the_Early_Modern_World_An_Alternative_History_of_the_Reformation">Religious Refugees in the Early Modern World: An Alternative History of the Reformation</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The religious refugee first emerged as a mass phenomenon in the late fifteenth century. Over the...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The religious refugee first emerged as a mass phenomenon in the late fifteenth century.  Over the following two and a half centuries, millions of Jews, Muslims, and Christians were forced from their homes and into temporary or permanent exile.  Their migrations across Europe and around the globe shaped the early modern world, and profoundly affected literature, art, and culture.  Economic and political factors drove many expulsions, but religion was the factor most commonly used to justify them.  This was also the period of religious revival known as the Reformation.  This book explores how reformers' ambitions to purify individuals and society fueled movements to purge ideas, objects, and people considered religiously alien or spiritually contagious.  Religious uniformity became – and remains today -- a political goal for many.  Despite exceptions and occasional co-existence, they believed that the only way to fully reform the Self was to expel the Other.  So they did.<br />Link: <a href="http://www.cambridge.org/9781107652415" rel="nofollow">http://www.cambridge.org/9781107652415</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="46e2f612c4b294037ee3584d94dd408b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":39010838,"asset_id":16477058,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39010838/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="16477058"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="16477058"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16477058; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="1950170"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/1950170/Cultures_of_Charity_Women_Politics_and_the_Reform_of_Poor_Relief_in_Renaissance_Italy"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Cultures of Charity: Women, Politics, and the Reform of Poor Relief in Renaissance Italy" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/28167193/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/1950170/Cultures_of_Charity_Women_Politics_and_the_Reform_of_Poor_Relief_in_Renaissance_Italy">Cultures of Charity: Women, Politics, and the Reform of Poor Relief in Renaissance Italy</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Renaissance Italians pioneered radical changes in ways of helping the poor, including orphanages,...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Renaissance Italians pioneered radical changes in ways of helping the poor, including orphanages, workhouses, pawnshops, and women's shelters.  This book aims to show that gender was the key factor driving innovation.  Most of the recipients of institutional charity were women.  The most creative new plans focused on features of women's poverty like illegitimate births, hunger, unemployment, and domestic violence.  Signal features of the reforms, from forced labour to new instruments of saving and lending, were devised specifically to help young women get a start in life. <br /> <br />Publisher’s summary: <br />Renaissance Italians pioneered radical changes in ways of helping the poor, including orphanages, workhouses, pawnshops, and women’s shelters. Nicholas Terpstra shows that gender was the key factor driving innovation. Most of the recipients of charity were women. The most creative new plans focused on features of women’s poverty like illegitimate births, hunger, unemployment, and domestic violence. Signal features of the reforms, from forced labor to new instruments of saving and lending, were devised specifically to help young women get a start in life. <br /> <br />Cultures of Charity is the first book to see women’s poverty as the key factor driving changes to poor relief. These changes generated intense political debates as proponents of republican democracy challenged more elitist and authoritarian forms of government emerging at the time. Should taxes fund poor relief? Could forced labor help build local industry? Focusing on Bologna, Terpstra looks at how these fights around politics and gender generated pioneering forms of poor relief, including early examples of maternity benefits, unemployment insurance, food stamps, and credit union savings plans. <br /> <br />Table of Contents: <br />Introduction <br />1. Showing the Poor a Good Time: Gender, Class, and Charitable Cultures <br />• Two Cultures of Charity <br />• “Good Mothers of the Family” <br />2. Worthy Poor, Worthy Rich: Women’s Poverty and Charitable Institutions <br />• The Turning Wheel: Charitable Institutions and Life Cycle Poverty <br />• The Critical Decade <br />• Nights and Days at the Opera <br />3. Tightening Control: The Narrowing Politics of Charity <br />• Making It Work <br />• People versus Patricians: Civil Society and Controlling Charity <br />4. Meeting the Bottom Line: Alms, Taxes, Work, and Legacies <br />• Begging for Beggars: Keeping the Opera Pia dei Poveri Mendicanti Afloat <br />• Taxation by Other Means <br />• Making a Workhouse <br />• Deeper in Debt and Richer all the Time: Building a Legacy <br />5. The Wheel Keeps Turning: Moving Beyond the Opera <br />• Enclosing the Circle: Shelters and the Reform of Poor Women <br />• Credit Where Credit Was Due: Investing in Marriage <br />• Beyond Charity: Mutual Assistance and the Working Poor <br />6. Epilogue: Baroque Piety and the Qualità of Mercy <br />• Bringing Discipline to Practical Charity <br />• The Aesthetics of Poverty and the Qualità of Mercy <br />Notes <br />Bibliography <br />Acknowledgments <br />Index <br />Figures and Tables: <br /> <br />Endorsements: <br />“Terpstra’s intimate and human study of Bologna’s attempts to deal with the life cycle of poverty—especially that of women—provides a virtual comparative history of the troubled relationship between rich and poor in early modern Europe. This is the new social and cultural history at its best—rich with significant findings, livened with everyday human details, and sensitively evoked by a master historian.”—Guido Ruggiero, University of Miami <br />“This sweeping exploration of early modern poor relief shows how Bologna became a model for other cities in meeting the challenge of female poverty across the life cycle. By putting gender squarely at the center of analysis, Terpstra brilliantly illuminates how widespread concerns for poor women and girls sparked innovative networks of care aimed at both charity and discipline.”—Sharon Strocchia, Emory University"</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="459993e9e03816aeb94d07bd3408e13e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":28167193,"asset_id":1950170,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/28167193/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="1950170"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1950170"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1950170; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="2012639"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/2012639/Lost_Girls_Sex_and_Death_in_Renaissance_Florence"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Lost Girls: Sex & Death in Renaissance Florence" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32440994/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/2012639/Lost_Girls_Sex_and_Death_in_Renaissance_Florence">Lost Girls: Sex & Death in Renaissance Florence</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">What was killing the girls of the Pietà? In 1554 dozens of Florentine women pooled their resourc...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">What was killing the girls of the Pietà?  In 1554 dozens of Florentine women pooled their resources to open a shelter for orphaned and abandoned girls.  Their House of Compassion, or Casa della Pietà, was located in one of Florence’s worst industrial slums. It soon grew to become the largest girls’ shelter in Florence and the most innovative orphanage in Renaissance Italy.  Yet this safe house was also a dangerous place.  Before too long, girls were dying there by the dozens.  <br /> <br />This innovative study reaches deep into the archives in an effort to determine what may have been killing the girls of the Pietà.  Was it work?  They worked hard and in grim conditions producing silk and wool thread for Florentine cloth merchants.  Was it sexual abuse?  The medical care offered in the home included some remedies that would induce abortions, and others that could ease the symptoms of venereal disease. Was it their ‘benefactors’?  Many of the women supporting the home were members of the most fundamentalist religious group then active in Florence. <br /> <br />The women ran the home for only a decade and a half.  After they were pushed aside and the House of Compassion was relocated to a new part of town, fewer girls died at the shelter.  Yet documents around the move suggest intense ongoing battles between the women of the Pietà and Florence’s ecclesiastical authorities.  They also point to a later cover-up and to deliberate efforts to erase all record of the women’s charitable work. But what work was it? <br />The tragic story of the girls of the Pietà highlights the conflicted attitudes that Renaissance Florentines had about adolescents and sex.  The women who defied convention to help them challenged religious authorities, the Medici dukes, and popular opinion.  But was theirs a dangerous charity? <br /> <br />Publisher’s summary: <br />In 1554, a group of idealistic laywomen founded a home for homeless and orphaned adolescent girls in one of the worst neighborhoods in Florence. Of the 526 girls who lived in the home during its fourteen-year tenure, only 202 left there alive. Struck by the unusually high mortality rate, Nicholas Terpstra sets out to determine what killed the lost girls of the House of Compassion shelter (Casa della Pietà). <br /> <br />Reaching deep into the archives' letters, ledgers, and records from both inside and outside the home, he slowly pieces together the tragic story. The Casa welcomed girls in bad health and with little future, hoping to save them from an almost certain life of poverty and drudgery. Yet this "safe" house was cruelly dangerous. Victims of Renaissance Florence's sexual politics, these young women were at the disposal of the city's elite men, who treated them as property meant for their personal pleasure. <br /> <br />With scholarly precision and journalistic style, Terpstra uncovers and chronicles a series of disturbing leads that point to possible reasons so many girls died: hints of routine abortions, basic medical care for sexually transmitted diseases, and appalling conditions in the textile factories where the girls worked. <br /> <br />Church authorities eventually took the Casa della Pietà away from the women who had founded it and moved it to a better part of Florence. Its sordid past was hidden, until now, in an official history that bore little resemblance to the orphanage's true origins. Terpstra's meticulous investigation not only uncovers the sad fate of the lost girls of the Casa della Pietà but also explores broader themes, including gender relations, public health, church politics, and the challenges girls and adolescent women faced in Renaissance Florence. <br /> <br />Endorsements: <br />"Nicholas Terpstra uses the puzzling deaths of teenaged girls in a Florentine asylum for the poor to take us into many surprising corners in the life of working people, and especially women, in that sixteenth-century city—sexual, medical, religious, and more. A fascinating Renaissance mystery story and a wonderful read!"—Natalie Zemon Davis, author of The Return of Martin Guerre <br /> <br />"This is history with a decidedly human face. The author's vivid descriptions of urban life and its material realities are unsurpassed. It's no exaggeration to say that this book makes the streets of Renaissance Florence come alive like no other."—Sharon T. Strocchia, author of Nuns and Nunneries in Renaissance Florence</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b1dacd065fdbae46706f9931f1be0c0c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":32440994,"asset_id":2012639,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32440994/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="2012639"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span 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dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="737545"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/737545/Abandoned_Children_of_the_Italian_Renaissance_Orphan_Care_in_Florence_and_Bologna"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Abandoned Children of the Italian Renaissance: Orphan Care in Florence and Bologna" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32444886/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/737545/Abandoned_Children_of_the_Italian_Renaissance_Orphan_Care_in_Florence_and_Bologna">Abandoned Children of the Italian Renaissance: Orphan Care in Florence and Bologna</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Publisher’s summary: Nearly half of the children who lived in the cities of the late Italian Ren...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Publisher’s summary: <br />Nearly half of the children who lived in the cities of the late Italian Renaissance were under fifteen years of age. Grinding poverty, unstable families, and the death of a parent could make caring for these young children a burden. Many were abandoned, others orphaned. At a time when political rulers fashioned themselves as the "fathers" of society, these cast-off children presented a very immediate challenge and opportunity. <br /> <br />In Bologna and Florence, government and private institutions pioneered orphanages to care for the growing number of homeless children. Nicholas Terpstra discusses the founding and management of these institutions, the procedures for placing children into them, the children's daily routine and education, and finally their departure from these homes. He explores the role of the city-state and considers why Bologna and Florence took different paths in operating the orphanages. Terpstra finds that Bologna's orphanages were better run, looked after the children more effectively, and were more successful in returning their wards to society as productive members of the city's economy. Florence's orphanages were larger and harsher, and made little attempt to reintegrate children into society. <br /> <br />Based on extensive archival research and individual stories, Abandoned Children of the Italian Renaissance demonstrates how gender and class shaped individual orphanages in each city's network, and how politics, charity, and economics intertwined in the development of the early modern state.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="0929ac4fc8f38eb5da348eb026dcf474" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":32444886,"asset_id":737545,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32444886/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" 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dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="737538"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/737538/Lay_Confraternities_and_Civic_Religion_in_Renaissance_Bologna"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Lay Confraternities and Civic Religion in Renaissance Bologna" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32445272/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/737538/Lay_Confraternities_and_Civic_Religion_in_Renaissance_Bologna">Lay Confraternities and Civic Religion in Renaissance Bologna</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Publisher’ summary: The Renaissance is still often wrongly characterized as a period of religio...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Publisher’ summary: <br />The Renaissance is still often wrongly characterized as a period of religious indifference. Contradicting that viewpoint, this book examines confraternities: lay groups through which Italians of the Renaissance expressed their individual and collective religious beliefs. Intensely local and dominated by artisans and craftsmen, the confraternities shaped the civic religious cult through various activities such as charitable work, public shrines, and processions. This book puts these religious activities into the turbulent social and political context of Renaissance Bologna. <br />• The first study in English of Renaissance Bologna since the 1930s <br />• Illustrates the effects of gender, class and religion in early modern society</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a7a8d7d7160cfa149cdb693c72e4fc69" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":32445272,"asset_id":737538,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32445272/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="737538"><a 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dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="4856162"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/4856162/Faiths_Boundaries_Laity_and_Clergy_in_Early_Modern_Confraternities_Main_editor_in_collaboration_with_Adriano_Prosperi_and_Stefania_Pastore_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Faith's Boundaries: Laity and Clergy in Early Modern Confraternities (Main editor, in collaboration with Adriano Prosperi and Stefania Pastore)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32136846/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/4856162/Faiths_Boundaries_Laity_and_Clergy_in_Early_Modern_Confraternities_Main_editor_in_collaboration_with_Adriano_Prosperi_and_Stefania_Pastore_">Faith's Boundaries: Laity and Clergy in Early Modern Confraternities (Main editor, in collaboration with Adriano Prosperi and Stefania Pastore)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Publisher’s summary: This volume explores how the relationship between confraternities and the c...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Publisher’s summary:  This volume explores how the relationship between confraternities and the clergy negotiated the boundaries of religious space in the late medieval and early modern periods. Who owns the spaces of religion? Does the question matter, or even make sense? Modern distinctions between sacred and secular spheres tend to assume that clergy dominate the former, and lay people the latter. A man or woman living in the early modern period might not have been so sure. They would have thought more immediately of things of heaven and things of earth, and would have seen each as the concern of clergy and laity alike. Faith’s boundaries, while real, were very porous. This collection offers the first sustained comparative examination of lay–clerical relations in confraternities through the late medieval and early modern periods. It shows how laity and clergy debated, accommodated, resolved, or deflected the key issues of gender, race, politics, class, and power. The sixteen essays are organized into six sections that consider different aspects of the function of confraternities as social spaces where laity and clergy met, mediated, and sometimes competed and fought. They cover a period historically when kinship was a dominant metaphor in religious life and when kinship groups like confraternities were dominant models in religious institutions. They deal with Catholic, Jewish, and Islamic confraternities, and range geographically from Europe to the Middle East, Central and South Asia, and Latin America.  <br /> <br />Table of Contents:  <br />Boundaries of Brotherhood: Laity and Clergy in the Social Spaces of Religion - Nicholas Terpstra <br />Part I. Confraternities and Comunitas: Politics, Charity, and Civic Religion <br />Civic Hospitals, Local Identity, and Regional States in Early Modern Italy - Daniel Bornstein  <br />Delegated Charity: Confraternities between City, Nations, and Curia in Late Medieval Rome - Anna Esposito <br />Confraternities, Citizenship, and Factionalism: Genoa in the Early Sixteenth Century - Carlo Taviani <br />Between Devotion and Politics: Marian Confraternities in Renaissance Parma - Cristina Cecchinelli <br />Part II. Texts & Contexts: The Case of Florence <br />The Plea for Lay Bibles in Fourteenth- and Fifteenth-Century Tuscany: The Role of Confraternities - Sabrina Corbellini <br />Preaching, Brotherhoods, and Biblical Literacy: The Case of Pietro Bernardo of Florence - Peter Howard <br />Machiavelli and Confraternities: Oratory and Parody - Olga Zorzi Pugliese <br />Part III. Kinship, Civil Society, and Social Capital <br />Bonding or Bridging Social Capital? The Evolution of Brabantine Fraternities during the Late Medieval and the Early Modern Period - Maarten F. Van Dijck <br />Negotiating Charity, Politics, and Religion in the Colonial Philippines: The Brotherhood of the Misericordia of Manila (1594–1780s) - Juan O. Mesquida <br />Part IV. Kinship and the Politics of Devotion in Islam and Judaism <br />Islamic Brotherhoods in Sixteenth‑Century Central Asia: The Dervish, the Sultan, and the Sufi Mirror for Princes - Alexandre Papas <br />Kabbalistic Innovation in Jewish Confraternities in the Early Modern Mediterranean - Roni Weinstein <br />Part V. Mediating Difference: Race, Gender, and Kinship <br />Confraternal Community as a Vehicle for Jewish Female Agency in Eighteenth-Century Italy - Federica Francesconi <br />Native Brotherhoods and Visual Culture in Colonial Quito (Ecuador): The Confraternity of the Rosary - Susan Verdi Webster <br />Part VI. Boundary Disputes:Laity, Clergy, and Conflict <br />Revolutionary Flagellants? Clerical Perceptions of Flagellant Brotherhoods in Late Medieval Flanders and Italy - Gavin Hammel <br />Beyond Crisis: Confraternities in Modern Italy between the Church and Lay Society - Danilo Zardin <br />‘Such a despotic rule’: Confraternities and the Parish in Eighteenth-Century Paris and Milan - David Garrioch</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="971b2c6873c7a0279e24a17f88579f13" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":32136846,"asset_id":4856162,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32136846/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="4856162"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="4856162"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4856162; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="5268653"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/5268653/The_Art_of_Executing_Well_Rituals_of_Execution_in_Renaissance_Italy_Editor_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Art of Executing Well: Rituals of Execution in Renaissance Italy (Editor)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32459028/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/5268653/The_Art_of_Executing_Well_Rituals_of_Execution_in_Renaissance_Italy_Editor_">The Art of Executing Well: Rituals of Execution in Renaissance Italy (Editor)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Publisher’s summary: In Renaissance Italy a good execution was both public and peaceful - at le...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Publisher’s summary: <br />In Renaissance Italy a good execution was both public and peaceful - at least in the eyes of authorities. In a feature unique to Italy, the people who prepared a condemned man or woman spiritually and psychologically for execution were not priests or friars, but laymen. This volume includes some of the songs, stories, poems, and images that they used, together with first-person accounts and ballads describing particular executions. Leading scholars expand on these accounts with articles explaining particular aspects of the theatre, psychology, and politics of execution. The main text is a manual, translated in English for the first time, on how to comfort a man in his last hours before beheading or hanging. It became an influential text used across Renaissance Italy. <br /> <br />A second lengthy piece gives an eyewitness account of the final hours of two patrician Florentines executed for conspiracy against the Medici in 1512. Shorter pieces include poems written by prisoners on the eve of their execution, songs sung by the condemned and their comforters, and popular broadsheets reporting on particular executions. It is richly illustrated with the small panel paintings that were thrust into prisoners' faces to distract them as they made the public journey to the gallows. <br /> <br />Six interdisciplinary essays explain the contexts and meanings of these writings and of execution rituals generally. They explore the relation of execution rituals to late medieval street theater, the use of art to comfort the condemned, the literature that issued from prisons by the hands of condemned prisoners, the theological issues around public executions in the Renaissance, the psychological dimensions of the comforting process, and some of the social, political, and historical dimensions of executions and comforting in Renaissance Italy. <br /> <br />Table of Contents: <br />Scaffold and Stage: Comforting Rituals and Dramatic Traditions in Late Medieval and Renaissance Italy, Kathleen Falvey <br />Comforting with Song: Using Laude to Assist Condemned Prisoners,Pamela Gravestock <br />Mirror of a Condemned: The Religious Poems of Andrea Viarani, Alfredo Troiano <br />In Your Face: Paintings for the Condemned in Renaissance Italy, Massimo Ferretti <br />Consolation or Condemnation: The Debates on Withholding Sacraments from Prisoners, Adriano Prosperi <br />Theory into Practice: Executions, Comforting, and Comforters in Renaissance Italy, Nicholas Terpstra <br /> <br />Endorsements: <br />The Art of Executing Well offers a disturbing picture of what went on behind the scenes at executions in Renaissance Italy. Companies of patrician laymen consoled the condemned during the dark night before an execution, whispered prayers into his ear as he marched through the streets on the way to the scaffold, and stood by him right up to the moment of death. Only in Italy did “companies of death” offer professionals, merchants, and political leaders an intimate experience with the horrors of judicial executions. This fascinating volume, which conveys all the psychological and spiritual intensity of these dramatic personal encounters between the condemned and the political figures who supported capital punishment, suggests why, long before other Europeans Italian elites became skeptical of the benefits of judicial executions, Tuscany was the first European state to abolish capital punishment. —Edward Muir</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="9d8ca088d9f9335a4b677d4dd81652c7" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":32459028,"asset_id":5268653,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32459028/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: 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href="https://www.academia.edu/737539/The_Politics_of_Ritual_Kinship_Confraternities_and_Social_Order_in_Early_Modern_Italy_Editor_">The Politics of Ritual Kinship: Confraternities and Social Order in Early Modern Italy (Editor)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Publisher’s summary: Confraternities were the most common form of organized religious life in m...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Publisher’s summary: <br />Confraternities were the most common form of organized religious life in medieval and early modern Europe. They were at once the lay face of the church, the spiritual heart of civic government, and the social kin who claimed the allegiance of peers and the obedience of subordinates. In this 1999 collection, fifteen scholars examine the development of confraternities in Italy, where they emerged first and had the greatest impact. Individual essays explore a common set of themes across Italy from the twelfth to the eighteenth centuries: the ubiquity of confraternities, social construction, and devotional ethos; their ritual culture and civic religion; their antagonistic and collaborative relations with both civic and ecclesiastical authorities; and their role in social welfare and social control of marginal groups. The authors demonstrate how the ritual kinship expressed in confraternities emerged in the Middle Ages and became a powerful force in 'civilizing' early modern Italian society. <br />• A wide-ranging collection, from medieval times to the eighteenth century, on a key institution in Italian society <br />• Covers the length and breadth of Italy, with insights into the country's social, religious and anthropological make-up <br />• Brings together a team of outstanding historians from Italy, Britain and North America <br /> <br />Table of Contents: <br />List of contributors <br />Acknowledgements <br />Introduction: the politics of ritual kinship Nicholas Terpstra <br />1. The development of confraternity studies over the past thirty years Christopher F. Black <br />2. Homosociality and civic (dis)order in late medieval Italian confraternities Jennifer Fisk Rondeau <br />3. Confraternities and lay female religiosity in late medieval and Reniassance Umbria Giovanna Casagrande <br />4. The bounds of community: commune, parish, confraternity and charity at the dawn of a new era in Cortona Daniel Bornstein <br />5. Men and women in Roman confraternities in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries: roles, functions, expectations Anna Esposito <br />6. The Medici and the youth Confraternity of the Purification of the Virgin, 1434–1506 Lorenzo Polizzotto <br />7. In loco parentis: confraternities and abandoned children in Florence and Bologna Nicholas Terpstra <br />8. The first Jesuit confraternities and marginalised groups in sixteenth-century Rome Lance Lazar <br />9. Jewish confraternal piety in sixteenth-century Ferrara: continuity and change Elliott Horowitz <br />10. The scuole piccole of Venice: formations and transformations Richard S. Mackenney <br />11. Relaunching confraternities in the Tridentine era: shaping conscience and Christianising society in Milan and Lombardy Danilo Zardin <br />12. The development of Jesuit confraternity activity in the Kingdom of Naples in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries Mark A. Lewis <br />13. Corpus Domini: ritual metamorphoses and social changes in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Genoa Claudio Bernardi <br />14. Faith's boundaries: ritual and territory in rural Piedmont in the early modern period Angelo Torre <br />15. The suppression of confraternities in Enlightenment Florence Konrad Eisenbichler <br />Bibliography <br />Index.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="fd7e5157e2af4625dd557359a83d6ced" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":32458875,"asset_id":737539,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32458875/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="737539"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="737539"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 737539; 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It also exposes many differences separating contemporaries from their medieval and early modern ancestors. In putting the concept of social capital to the test, the authors also expose the strengths, weaknesses, and limits of the ‘Putnam thesis’. The essays address fourteenth-century English fears of old-age neglect; childhood, friendship, scandal, and rivalry in Renaissance Florence; rebellion in an Italian village; social capital and seigneurial power in southern and north-central Italy; guild violence in Calvinist Ghent; civil society in early-modern Bologna, Naples and the Papal State; gender in High Renaissance Rome; and critical analyses of the transition from religious to secular sensibilities that scholars (following Jürgen Habermas) have identified in eighteenth-century Europe. In each case, the topic is considered in relation to recent theories of ‘social capital’: the informal, intangible bonds of trust upon which, social scientist Robert Putnam argues, every human community depends. The result is a series of highly original case-studies which reveal the workings of late medieval and early modern European society from new and often unexpected angles.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="87f92b770e7cee8d4f7b5a50fbc008bb" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":32459197,"asset_id":5287645,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32459197/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="5287645"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5287645"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5287645; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="87345" id="articles"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="125037735"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/125037735/Ignatius_Confratello_Confraternities_as_Modes_of_Spritual_Community_2001_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Ignatius, Confratello - Confraternities as Modes of Spritual Community (2001)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/119153548/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/125037735/Ignatius_Confratello_Confraternities_as_Modes_of_Spritual_Community_2001_">Ignatius, Confratello - Confraternities as Modes of Spritual Community (2001)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Early Modern Catholicism (Collection)</span><span>, 2001</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Confraternities were institutions, but they were also communities. How do we move beyond a narro...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Confraternities were institutions, but they were also communities.  How do we move beyond a narrowly institutional frame to recognize them as early modern forms of spiritual community that were ubiquitous, fluid, and very often provisional?</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="cdb1976d22951ba812485b681da87b12" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":119153548,"asset_id":125037735,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/119153548/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="125037735"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="125037735"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 125037735; 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An international entrepôt with a highly diverse population, it very quickly opened a wide range of charitable institutions within decades to serve its population, but its foundlings were sent to Pisa and then distributed through the Duchy.  Might concerns about race and demography have played a part in the decision?</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="abfb3fb2d51eaff97a49d84fc6887d4a" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":111066054,"asset_id":114342221,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/111066054/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="114342221"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="114342221"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 114342221; 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Ed. W de Boer, V Lavenia, G Malocchi (Rome: Viella, 2019): 181-196</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Race, Gender and the Politics of Enclosure in Early Modern Siena 2. Even under ducal authority, S...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Race, Gender and the Politics of Enclosure in Early Modern Siena 2. Even under ducal authority, Siena's Balia remained a deliberative body responsible for some aspects of local administration.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="412964fdfe3b8d760fb7216f37d337bb" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":93404011,"asset_id":89641653,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/93404011/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="89641653"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="89641653"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 89641653; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="89641066"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/89641066/Who_Owned_Florence_Religious_Institutions_and_Property_Ownership_in_the_Early_Modern_City"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Who Owned Florence?: Religious Institutions and Property Ownership in the Early Modern City" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/93403656/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/89641066/Who_Owned_Florence_Religious_Institutions_and_Property_Ownership_in_the_Early_Modern_City">Who Owned Florence?: Religious Institutions and Property Ownership in the Early Modern City</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Early Modern History</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This study employs a 1561 tax census to survey estimated property incomes in Florence with partic...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This study employs a 1561 tax census to survey estimated property incomes in Florence with particular attention to lay and ecclesiastical religious institutions. Its key findings are five. First, religious institutions were collectively the wealthiest corporate entities in the city, holding one fifth of all residential properties and one third of all workshops, and drawing 20.2 percent of all property income generated within city walls. Second, many were civic-and lay-religious institutions such as confraternities and hospitals. Third, the property income of religious houses was distributed across multiple organizations while that held by the Florentine diocese was concentrated in a few. Fourth, among religious orders, Mendicant houses had a larger urban presence than the older contemplative houses. Fifth, the property holdings of the formally defunct militaryreligious order of the Knights of S. Jacopo signal the deftness with which some institutions adapted to new circumstances. Overall, this survey of property incomes helps quantify the shape of power in the Florentine religious universe.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b07a07d46038a499d5732947ac6f1399" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":93403656,"asset_id":89641066,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/93403656/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="89641066"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="89641066"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 89641066; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="42377201"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/42377201/Mapping_Gendered_Labour_in_the_Textile_Industry_of_Early_Modern_Florence"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Mapping Gendered Labour in the Textile Industry of Early Modern Florence" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/62537407/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/42377201/Mapping_Gendered_Labour_in_the_Textile_Industry_of_Early_Modern_Florence">Mapping Gendered Labour in the Textile Industry of Early Modern Florence</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Florence in the Early Modern World: New Perspectives. Ed NS Baker & B Maxson (London: Routledge, 2019): 68-91.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Did the collapse of the male-dominated wool industry and emergence of the female-dominant silk in...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Did the collapse of the male-dominated wool industry and emergence of the female-dominant silk industry change how Florentine textile workers lived in and moved through their city? One fifth of mid-sixteenth-century Florentine households were headed by a woman, in most cases a widow. Many were involved in the silk and wool industries, particularly the former which was built on the underpaid labor of semiskilled workers laboring either in domestic settings or enclosed institutions. Can digital humanities (DH) provide the tools by which we can trace the various effects of this profound economic shift in Florence's critical textile industries? At this stage of research, it is clear that the tools provided by one DH project, when combined with more traditional social historical research methods, can indeed help us measure and visualize some aspects of the change, even if limits in the original data prevent us from developing as full a picture as we might wish. 1 This chapter will briefly review the broad outlines of this economic and demographic shift before turning to consider what the key sources may tell us when we extract, tabulate, and geo-reference the data. Of course, those recording that data had other questions in mind, and we cannot assume that those offering it had any investment in its accuracy-indeed, very much to the contrary when it was a tax census that was being assembled. Yet by reading property, occupational, and demographic data in conjunction with other sources, we can gain more from both, and move further toward answering questions that those of the sixteenth or seventeenth-or twentieth-centuries might not have thought worth asking. Using digital tools together with other sources, makes it possible to chart how economic activity, social discipline, occupational regulation, and charity developed in Florence through a period of intense political and economic change. In particular, it is possible to trace how these factors, refracted through the lens of gender and poverty, shaped social networks, urban settlement, and mobility among distinct groups of marginal and enclosed females (orphans, prostitutes, nuns). This allows</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4763c3c8c605f6e5448c92974bb8cd5c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":62537407,"asset_id":42377201,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62537407/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="42377201"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="42377201"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42377201; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="42377171"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/42377171/Confraternities_and_Capital_Punishment_Charity_Culture_and_Civic_Religion_in_the_Communal_and_Confessional_Age"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Confraternities and Capital Punishment: Charity, Culture, and Civic Religion in the Communal and Confessional Age" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/62537375/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/42377171/Confraternities_and_Capital_Punishment_Charity_Culture_and_Civic_Religion_in_the_Communal_and_Confessional_Age">Confraternities and Capital Punishment: Charity, Culture, and Civic Religion in the Communal and Confessional Age</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Companion to Medieval & Renaissance Confraternities. Ed K Eisenbichler (Leiden: Brill, 2019): 212-30</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The early modern "Spectacle of Punishment" turned criminals into actors on a very public stage. T...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The early modern "Spectacle of Punishment" turned criminals into actors on a very public stage. Tortured, hanged or beheaded, and sometimes burned, they were caught in dramas that might bear little clear relation to their crimes. Their bodies were objectified, and the room for them to respond and act in any way was quite limited. At the same time, they were playing out the central Christian drama of sin and redemption in the most immediate way possible. Christ himself had died the humiliating death of a criminal, and in that central act of the cosmic drama of salvation, he had reached out and drawn one of the criminals executed by his side up into heaven with him. Could other thieves, murderers, rapists, and heretics follow? With stakes for body and soul so high, these unwilling actors in a drama spanning earth and heaven had to be carefully directed and their actions had to be closely stage managed through the last hours of their lives. In some parts of Europe, it was confraternity brothers who took on this role where the theatre of punishment and the theatre of salvation played out on the same public stage. No other confraternity activity so closely demonstrates the intersections of sacred and secular concerns or of pious and political meanings in lay spiri-tuality. None activated the senses and the emotions so intensely. None was as politically and socially charged. Brothers who comforted the condemned were themselves actors in a drama whose developments from the 14th through the 18th centuries demonstrate the key religious, social, and political changes of the period. The first brotherhoods dedicated to helping prisoners and those condemned to execution emerged in northern Italy in the 1330s and spread through the peninsula. They later also expanded into some other areas of Catholic Europe north of the Alps, particularly the Netherlands and the Hapsburg lands in the southeast Holy Roman Empire, though it is not clear when this happened, or how Italian models may have influenced groups that emerged north of the 0004250713.INDD 212 11/28/2018 12:28:59 PM</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4c17891d4c41a14851d2bb01a47856be" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":62537375,"asset_id":42377171,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62537375/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="42377171"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="42377171"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42377171; 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Ed N Terpstra (Toronto: CRRS, 2019): 17=28 </span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="7c95a4a7803c2133e69a458156350e02" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":62536968,"asset_id":42376819,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62536968/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="42376819"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="42376819"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42376819; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="42376699"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/42376699/In_the_Neighbourhood_Residence_Community_and_the_Sex_Trade_in_Early_Modern_Bologna_with_V_McCarthy_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of In the Neighbourhood: Residence, Community, and the Sex Trade in Early Modern Bologna (with V McCarthy)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/62536842/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/42376699/In_the_Neighbourhood_Residence_Community_and_the_Sex_Trade_in_Early_Modern_Bologna_with_V_McCarthy_">In the Neighbourhood: Residence, Community, and the Sex Trade in Early Modern Bologna (with V McCarthy)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Sex, Gender, & Sexuality in Renaissance Italy. Ed J Murray & N Terpstra (London: Routledge, 2019): 53-74</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Early seventeenth-century Bologna was unique for its relatively tolerant legislation on female pr...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Early seventeenth-century Bologna was unique for its relatively tolerant legislation on female prostitution. Rome, Florence, and Venice required meretrici (pros-titutes) and donne inhoneste (dishonest women) to inhabit designated areas and streets. Romans settled on the large area of Campo Marzio for their residence, Venetians ordered women to reside in the old medieval civic brothel known as the Castelletto near the city's commercial center, the Rialto, and Florentines designated a few streets located in the poorest areas of each city quarter. 1 Segregation was motivated by concerns about morality as well as the more pragmatic issues of civic disorder, noise, and policing. Containment protected sacred spaces and pious inhabitants from the immorality and disruption of prostitutes and their clients and made it easier for authorities to locate and arrest violators, thereby increasing order as well as the fees and fines collected. 2 By contrast, Bologna permitted registered prostitutes to live across the city, and the records of its pros-titution magistracy demonstrates that they did. The extant annual registers from 1583 to 1630 provide a rare opportunity to map where hundreds of registered prostitutes lived in the city, and to trace individual women's movements. Only about half lived on streets with ten or more prostitutes, and very few dwelt on streets with twenty or more. Consequently, most Bolognese could count prostitutes and dishonest women as near neighbors, and for many laboring-poor, prostitution and prostitutes per se were not a serious problem. 3 Regulation and enforcement in Bologna show that secular and religious civic authorities and the general populace approached prostitution primarily as an issue of economics and public order, and only secondarily as an issue of morality and public decorum. Due to the city's economic reliance on university students , civic authorities had long regulated prostitution as a commercial issue and prostitutes as fee-and fine-paying workers governed by a civic magistracy known as the Ufficio delle Bollette (Office of Receipts). Established in 1376, the 4 IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD Residence, community, and the sex trade in early modern Bologna</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f14f8429567ca6067dd0575b750c501e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":62536842,"asset_id":42376699,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62536842/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="42376699"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="42376699"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42376699; 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Israels & L. Waldman (eds), Towards a Festscrift: Renaissance Studies in Honor of Joseph Connors.</span><span>, 2013</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="faa8019ee3958c5629e520f98e107609" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":62536687,"asset_id":42376560,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62536687/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="42376560"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="42376560"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42376560; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="16477733"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/16477733/Body_Politics_The_Criminal_Body_between_Public_and_Private"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Body Politics: The Criminal Body between Public and Private" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/39011337/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/16477733/Body_Politics_The_Criminal_Body_between_Public_and_Private">Body Politics: The Criminal Body between Public and Private</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The rituals surrounding executions became ever more elaborate through the early modern period, an...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The rituals surrounding executions became ever more elaborate through the early modern period, and frequently involved projecting various forms of punishment on to the body of the prisoner.  Mutilations before and after the execution itself followed a semiotic code that highlighted both the parts of the criminal’s body that had carried out the crime, and also those physical extensions of the body politic (city gates, public places, town halls, etc) that had been violated by the crime.  If the prisoner’s body in this way became part of public rituals, was there anything left for the private individual who had committed the crime and who was now to be executed?  There was in those Italian communes where lay confraternities took an active role as comforters of prisoners about to be exercised – at least potentially.  If we look at the contexts, the mechanics, and the tools of confraternal comforting, we can see a separation made between the prisoner as private individual and prisoner as public object.  Part of this grew out of the distinction between body and soul, and part between what we could call the Prisoner’s Two Bodies.  The divisions help us understand why Italian executions sometimes differed from those in other parts of Europe, and also help clarify how the lay focus of civic religion shaped execution rituals.  This article considers the prisoner’s body in 3 dimensions:  as a sacramental object, as an artistic and literary object, and as a political object.  It draws on Italian confraternities generally, and those of Bologna and Florence in particular.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="19f9f15e2f4646acdcf0952446f8a2ae" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":39011337,"asset_id":16477733,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39011337/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="16477733"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="16477733"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16477733; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="16477664"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/16477664/Early_Modern_Catholicism"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Early Modern Catholicism" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/39011241/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/16477664/Early_Modern_Catholicism">Early Modern Catholicism</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">What distinguished Early Modern Catholicism from its medieval and renaissance antecedents. This ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">What distinguished Early Modern Catholicism from its medieval and renaissance antecedents.  This piece offers three ways of thinking of the changes, from the point of view of ordinary Catholic laity:  From Moving to Fixed; From Local to Universal; and From Action to Intention.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="aa865d9346419f9eecc4b7a4a2a30531" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":39011241,"asset_id":16477664,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39011241/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="16477664"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="16477664"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16477664; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="16475575"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/16475575/Sex_and_the_Sacred_Negotiating_Spatial_and_Sensory_Boundaries_in_Renaissance_Florence"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Sex & the Sacred: Negotiating Spatial and Sensory Boundaries in Renaissance Florence" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/39009846/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/16475575/Sex_and_the_Sacred_Negotiating_Spatial_and_Sensory_Boundaries_in_Renaissance_Florence">Sex & the Sacred: Negotiating Spatial and Sensory Boundaries in Renaissance Florence</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Negotiating the boundaries of sex and the sacred in Florence meant quite different things for a s...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Negotiating the boundaries of sex and the sacred in Florence meant quite different things for a succession of authorities from the late thirteenth to the late sixteenth centuries.  As we work to analyze the different sets of legislations, laws, and targets that evolved over these centuries, we see that one of the things that distinguished them from eachother was precisely the different senses that each addressed.  In a very rough sense, we can track three stages through the fourteenth, fifteenth, and sixteenth centuries.  Approaching these regulations by way of space and the senses highlights a conjunction of interests that we can miss if we look at legal or moral considerations alone.  The rules were often quixotic, yet when we map out their provisions and prosecutions, we can see that the rule makers were serious in their intent, and that the sequence of rules tracks a sequence of ways of conceiving of urban space and sound.  Mapping the boundaries and spaces of prostitution, and tracking shifts in prosecution over the centuries allows us better to appreciate the significant shifts in how generations of legislators aimed to regulate the sights, sounds, and above all the politics of sex and the sacred in Florence.  Using digital tools to do this mapping allows us to visualize these social realities while creating a platform that invites further research collaboration and facilitates sensory analysis.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="57bd7e76061234ba4bd7a11f17783f8a" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":39009846,"asset_id":16475575,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39009846/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="16475575"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="16475575"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16475575; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="737523"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/737523/_Competing_Visions_of_the_State_and_Social_Welfare_The_Medici_Dukes_the_Bigallo_Magistrates_and_Local_Hospitals_in_Sixteenth_Century_Tuscany_Renaissance_Quarterly_54_4_2001_1319_1355"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of “Competing Visions of the State and Social Welfare: The Medici Dukes, the Bigallo Magistrates, and Local Hospitals in Sixteenth Century Tuscany” Renaissance Quarterly 54/4 (2001): 1319-1355." class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/4214836/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/737523/_Competing_Visions_of_the_State_and_Social_Welfare_The_Medici_Dukes_the_Bigallo_Magistrates_and_Local_Hospitals_in_Sixteenth_Century_Tuscany_Renaissance_Quarterly_54_4_2001_1319_1355">“Competing Visions of the State and Social Welfare: The Medici Dukes, the Bigallo Magistrates, and Local Hospitals in Sixteenth Century Tuscany” Renaissance Quarterly 54/4 (2001): 1319-1355.</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Renaissance Quarterly 54, 4 </span><span>, 2001</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In 1542, Florence's Duke Cosimo I established a magistracy to supervise territorial hospitals and...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In 1542, Florence's Duke Cosimo I established a magistracy to supervise territorial hospitals and consolidate poor relief. Tense relations between the magistracy and these hospitals demonstrate the barriers to bureaucratic centralization in the sixteenth-century state, and underscore t e fact that the shift from traditional charity to 'new philanthropy' was as much geographical and cultural as temporal. Tensions between the magistracy and successive Medici Dukes also demonstrate how in negotiations between bureaucrats and local communities territorial rulers could play both sides to advance their personal authority, and could learn from the difficulties of one magistracy how better to design another.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f5c2403e8195e937dfda952f3c0dbc0d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":4214836,"asset_id":737523,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/4214836/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="737523"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="737523"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 737523; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="1304576"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/1304576/De_institutionalizing_Confraternity_Studies_Fraternalism_and_Social_Capital_in_Cross_Cultural_Contexts"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of De-institutionalizing Confraternity Studies: Fraternalism & Social Capital in Cross-Cultural Contexts" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/8024107/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/1304576/De_institutionalizing_Confraternity_Studies_Fraternalism_and_Social_Capital_in_Cross_Cultural_Contexts">De-institutionalizing Confraternity Studies: Fraternalism & Social Capital in Cross-Cultural Contexts</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Early Modern Confraternities in Europe and the Americas: International and Interdisciplinary Persepctives</span><span>, 2006</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This paper reviews recent literature on confraternities and aims to set the subject into a broade...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This paper reviews recent literature on confraternities and aims to set the subject into a broader context of fraternalism as as cultural form and social resource in the early modern world</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="0b10f68b11546a13723dc8f9106f16a3" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":8024107,"asset_id":1304576,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/8024107/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="1304576"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1304576"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1304576; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="3075541" id="publishedarticles"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="16474851"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/16474851/Body_Politics_The_Criminal_Body_between_Public_and_Private"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Body Politics: The Criminal Body between Public & Private" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/39009739/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/16474851/Body_Politics_The_Criminal_Body_between_Public_and_Private">Body Politics: The Criminal Body between Public & Private</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The rituals surrounding executions became ever more elaborate through the early modern period, an...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The rituals surrounding executions became ever more elaborate through the early modern period, and frequently involved projecting various forms of punishment on to the body of the prisoner.  Mutilations before and after the execution itself followed a semiotic code that highlighted both the parts of the criminal’s body that had carried out the crime, and also those physical extensions of the body politic (city gates, public places, town halls, etc) that had been violated by the crime.  If the prisoner’s body in this way became part of public rituals, was there anything left for the private individual who had committed the crime and who was now to be executed?  There was in those Italian communes where lay confraternities took an active role as comforters of prisoners about to be exercised – at least potentially.  If we look at the contexts, the mechanics, and the tools of confraternal comforting, we can see a separation made between the prisoner as private individual and prisoner as public object.  Part of this grew out of the distinction between body and soul, and part between what we could call the Prisoner’s Two Bodies.  The divisions help us understand why Italian executions sometimes differed from those in other parts of Europe, and also help clarify how the lay focus of civic religion shaped execution rituals.  This article considers the prisoner’s body in 3 dimensions:  as a sacramental object, as an artistic and literary object, and as a political object.  It draws on Italian confraternities generally, and those of Bologna and Florence in particular.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d1869c58acc4ccaf55966bbb641bb916" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":39009739,"asset_id":16474851,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39009739/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="16474851"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="16474851"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16474851; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="8873229"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/8873229/DECIMA_The_Digitally_Encoded_Census_Information_and_Mapping_Archive_and_the_Project_for_a_Geo_Spatial_and_Sensory_Digital_Map_of_Renaissance_Florence"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of DECIMA: The Digitally Encoded Census Information and Mapping Archive, and the Project for a Geo-Spatial and Sensory Digital Map of Renaissance Florence" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/35207643/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/8873229/DECIMA_The_Digitally_Encoded_Census_Information_and_Mapping_Archive_and_the_Project_for_a_Geo_Spatial_and_Sensory_Digital_Map_of_Renaissance_Florence">DECIMA: The Digitally Encoded Census Information and Mapping Archive, and the Project for a Geo-Spatial and Sensory Digital Map of Renaissance Florence</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://brocku.academia.edu/ColinRose">Colin Rose</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://utoronto.academia.edu/NicholasTerpstra">Nicholas Terpstra</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Early Modern Cultural Studies</span><span>, 2013</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="1048220fabfe052ff9cdf03441514513" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":35207643,"asset_id":8873229,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35207643/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="8873229"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8873229"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8873229; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="5423967" id="papers"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="82539324"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/82539324/Relocating_Civil_Society_Theories_and_Practices_of_Civil_Society_between_Late_Medieval_and_Modern_Society"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Relocating Civil Society: Theories and Practices of Civil Society between Late Medieval and Modern Society" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/88221108/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/82539324/Relocating_Civil_Society_Theories_and_Practices_of_Civil_Society_between_Late_Medieval_and_Modern_Society">Relocating Civil Society: Theories and Practices of Civil Society between Late Medieval and Modern Society</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Social Science History</span><span>, 2017</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Civil society is widely considered as a crucial element in contemporary society. Academics and po...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Civil society is widely considered as a crucial element in contemporary society. Academics and policy makers have traditionally associated it with voluntary associations and organizations, assuming that associational life is an ideal intermediary between citizens and government. While members of associations form large social networks, which they can mobilize at critical moments, the conviviality of group sociability fosters the development of a set of common values, such as a democratic political culture and other civic virtues. Its origins are generally situated in the eighteenth century, and are mostly attributed to secularization, Enlightenment thinking, the birth of the “public sphere,” and growing emancipation from oppressive structures such as the church and the state.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="233d51a7f7f7636725056964abe190bc" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":88221108,"asset_id":82539324,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/88221108/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="82539324"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="82539324"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 82539324; 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} }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="69641304"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/69641304/A_Tale_of_Two_Cities_John_Clark_Murray_s_Search_for_the_Industrial_Kingdom_of_God"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A Tale of Two Cities: John Clark Murray’s Search for the Industrial Kingdom of God" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/69641304/A_Tale_of_Two_Cities_John_Clark_Murray_s_Search_for_the_Industrial_Kingdom_of_God">A Tale of Two Cities: John Clark Murray’s Search for the Industrial Kingdom of God</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Canadian Studies</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This study examines a series of published and unpublished works by McGill philosopher John Clark ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This study examines a series of published and unpublished works by McGill philosopher John Clark Murray (1836-1917) in order to outline changes in his social philosophy and to determine why he never published his most original and powerful work, “The Industrial Kingdom of God” (1887). Murray’s views developed from classical political economy to co-operative moral economy, in part through his observation of industrialism in Scotland and Canada, and his experience of denominational, national, and university politics. The changing content of his social philosophy was also reflected in and stimulated by his experimentation with different literary forms, and by his rejection of abstract philosophical analysis in favour of the demonstrated praxis of a novel.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="69641304"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="69641304"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 69641304; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="69641301"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/69641301/Boundaries_of_Brotherhood_Laity_and_Clergy_in_the_Social_Spaces_of_Religion"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Boundaries of Brotherhood: Laity and Clergy in the Social Spaces of Religion" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/69641301/Boundaries_of_Brotherhood_Laity_and_Clergy_in_the_Social_Spaces_of_Religion">Boundaries of Brotherhood: Laity and Clergy in the Social Spaces of Religion</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Faith’s Boundaries</span><span>, 2012</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="69641301"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="69641301"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 69641301; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=69641301]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=69641301]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 69641301; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='69641301']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="69641297"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/69641297/Sex_and_the_Sacred_Negotiating_Spatial_and_Sensory_Boundaries_in_Renaissance_Florence"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Sex and the Sacred Negotiating Spatial and Sensory Boundaries in Renaissance Florence" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/69641297/Sex_and_the_Sacred_Negotiating_Spatial_and_Sensory_Boundaries_in_Renaissance_Florence">Sex and the Sacred Negotiating Spatial and Sensory Boundaries in Renaissance Florence</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Radical History Review</span><span>, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="69641297"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="69641297"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 69641297; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=69641297]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=69641297]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 69641297; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='69641297']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=69641297]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":69641297,"title":"Sex and the Sacred Negotiating Spatial and Sensory Boundaries in Renaissance Florence","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/69641297/Sex_and_the_Sacred_Negotiating_Spatial_and_Sensory_Boundaries_in_Renaissance_Florence","owner_id":139615,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":139615,"first_name":"Nicholas","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Terpstra","page_name":"NicholasTerpstra","domain_name":"utoronto","created_at":"2010-03-01T05:47:47.667-08:00","display_name":"Nicholas Terpstra","url":"https://utoronto.academia.edu/NicholasTerpstra","email":"SW5lOU9YUlFabnlaTFhlbEgxVkpZam5aOUVuL1VLQS9mZ1BpMWhCSVZkN3ZFVDNpaUpndXJMOUJQVTlwS3ljKy0tMzRwYXZrZzhmSkJRQ1hhVFdacFBNdz09--2fbf6d51581bf34bc067c8ed337c07715838d4d1"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="69641292"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/69641292/Creations_and_Re_creations_Contexts_for_the_Experience_of_the_Renaissance_Street"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Creations and Re-creations: Contexts for the Experience of the Renaissance Street" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/69641292/Creations_and_Re_creations_Contexts_for_the_Experience_of_the_Renaissance_Street">Creations and Re-creations: Contexts for the Experience of the Renaissance Street</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>I Tatti Studies in the Italian Renaissance</span><span>, 2013</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">IT IS HARD TO AVOID re-creations of historic street life when walking in Italian cities today. Ev...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">IT IS HARD TO AVOID re-creations of historic street life when walking in Italian cities today. Every festival brings out the balletic flag waving of bandieri accompanied by drums and trumpets. As the occasion or local ambitions grow, so too do the ranks of those in tights, brocaded capes and dresses, hats, and veils, with horses brought in for good measure. The seventeen contrade, or districts, of Siena compete to occupy the street now more than they ever did, ensuring that it is almost inevitable that a visitor to the city at any time of year will hear the familiar drummed beat, see flags tossed into the air, and see ranks of young and old following behind in a route marking a geography of friendship and enmity, with their own voices fixing or challenging boundaries in a cacophony of songs and insults. The twice annual palio race around Siena’s shell-shaped Campo adds horses, crowds, and a considerable amount of testosterone and tourists to the mix. Siena’s Palio is perhaps the most famous historical reenactment, although many Sienese would bridle at the prefix—in their eyes, this is the ongoing enactment of a ritual that never had to be revived because it never died, not unlike Venice’s Carnival. Historians might cavil, but in both cases the revivals are so distant as to be themselves historic. Those who stage Florence’s annual San Giovanni Battista Calcio Storico game or Arezzo’s Giostra del Saracino, the palios of Asti, Fucecchio, Legnano, Ferrara, and even tiny Marostica’s Partita a Scacchi would not claim the same because even if they first attended these games as young children, they know that these festivals originated in the twentieth century.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="69641292"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="69641292"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 69641292; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="69641284"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/69641284/Piety_and_Punishment_The_Lay_Conforteria_and_Civic_Justice_in_Sixteenth_Century_Bologna"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Piety and Punishment: The Lay Conforteria and Civic Justice in Sixteenth-Century Bologna" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/69641284/Piety_and_Punishment_The_Lay_Conforteria_and_Civic_Justice_in_Sixteenth_Century_Bologna">Piety and Punishment: The Lay Conforteria and Civic Justice in Sixteenth-Century Bologna</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Sixteenth Century Journal</span><span>, 1991</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">STUDIES OF EARLY MODERN CRIME and punishment usually concentrate on the legal codes and courts wh...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">STUDIES OF EARLY MODERN CRIME and punishment usually concentrate on the legal codes and courts which comprised the official justice system. In Italy we can also look at a lay voluntarist institution which paralleled and to some extent was absorbed into the official system. This ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="69641284"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="69641284"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 69641284; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=69641284]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=69641284]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); 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Alone and on the edge of sexual maturity, Maria is doubly vulnerable. 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Academics and po...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Civil society is widely considered as a crucial element in contemporary society. Academics and policy makers have traditionally associated it with voluntary associations and organizations, assuming that associational life is an ideal intermediary between citizens and government. While members of associations form large social networks, which they can mobilize at critical moments, the conviviality of group sociability fosters the development of a set of common values, such as a democratic political culture and other civic virtues. 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</script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="26459306"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/26459306/Mind_and_Body"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Mind and Body" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/26459306/Mind_and_Body">Mind and Body</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>An Alternative History of the Reformation</span><span>, 2000</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="26459306"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26459306"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26459306; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="26459302"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/26459302/Communal_identity_administration_and_finances"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Communal identity, administration, and finances" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/26459302/Communal_identity_administration_and_finances">Communal identity, administration, and finances</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Lay Confraternities and Civic Religion in Renaissance Bologna</span><span>, 1995</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="26459302"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26459302"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26459302; 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</script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="9003633" id="teachingdocuments"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="38599965"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/38599965/Hidden_Florence"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Hidden Florence" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/38599965/Hidden_Florence">Hidden Florence</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://emory.academia.edu/SharonStrocchia">Sharon Strocchia</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://utoronto.academia.edu/NicholasTerpstra">Nicholas Terpstra</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://exeter.academia.edu/DavidRosenthal">David Rosenthal</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://exeter.academia.edu/FabrizioNevola">Fabrizio Nevola</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Hidden Florence is a free smartphone app that introduces visitors to the lived experience of Rena...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Hidden Florence is a free smartphone app that introduces visitors to the lived experience of Renaissance Florence through narrated, geo-located walking itineraries. You don't need to be in Florence to use these guided walks as teaching resources! Come visit us at hiddenflorence.org. The fully updated 2.0 version will be live in late March 2019.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="38599965"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38599965"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38599965; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38599965]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38599965]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38599965; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='38599965']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=38599965]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":38599965,"title":"Hidden Florence","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/38599965/Hidden_Florence","owner_id":381123,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":381123,"first_name":"Sharon","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Strocchia","page_name":"SharonStrocchia","domain_name":"emory","created_at":"2011-03-29T06:22:34.216-07:00","display_name":"Sharon Strocchia","url":"https://emory.academia.edu/SharonStrocchia"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="10128792" id="serieseditoressaysandstudies"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="41982158"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/41982158/Vol_44_Terpstra_Nicholas_ed_Reframing_Reformation_Understanding_Religious_Difference_in_Early_Modern_Europe"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Vol. 44: Terpstra, Nicholas (ed.) Reframing Reformation: Understanding Religious Difference in Early Modern Europe." class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/62106363/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/41982158/Vol_44_Terpstra_Nicholas_ed_Reframing_Reformation_Understanding_Religious_Difference_in_Early_Modern_Europe">Vol. 44: Terpstra, Nicholas (ed.) Reframing Reformation: Understanding Religious Difference in Early Modern Europe.</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://utoronto.academia.edu/KonradEisenbichler">Konrad Eisenbichler</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://utoronto.academia.edu/NicholasTerpstra">Nicholas Terpstra</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Essays and Studies, 44, Toronto, CRRS, 2020. 334 pp. + 30 ill.</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">What is Reformation, and where? Who does it impact, and how? This collection offers a sustained, ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">What is Reformation, and where? Who does it impact, and how? This collection offers a sustained, comparative, and interdisciplinary exploration of religious transformations in the early modern world.<br /><br />The Reformation was once framed as a sixteenth-century European Protestant and Catholic phenomenon, but scholars now follow its impacts across different confessions, faiths, time periods, and geographical areas. The essays in this volume track global developments and compare the many ways in which Reformation movements shaped relations between Christians, Jews, Muslims, Buddhists, and aboriginal groups in the Americas. The authors highlight the various negotiations, tensions, and contacts that developed across social, gender, and religious lines in different parts of the early modern world. 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