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Available in 56 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-56" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">56 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%AC%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%86" title="آلن لويد هودجكين – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="آلن لويد هودجكين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AC%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86" title="الن هاجکین – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="الن هاجکین" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8" title="অ্যালান হজকিন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অ্যালান হজকিন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Алан Ходжкін – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Алан Ходжкін" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8A%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Алън Ходжкин – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Алън Ходжкин" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%86%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD_%CE%9B%CF%8C%CF%85%CE%BD%CF%84_%CE%A7%CF%8C%CF%84%CE%B6%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%BD" title="Άλαν Λόυντ Χότζκιν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Άλαν Λόυντ Χότζκιν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Hodgkin" title="Alan Hodgkin – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Alan Hodgkin" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Hodgkin" title="Alan Hodgkin – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Alan Hodgkin" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AC%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86" title="الن هاجکین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="الن هاجکین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%A8%EB%9F%B0_%ED%98%B8%EC%A7%80%ED%82%A8" title="앨런 호지킨 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="앨런 호지킨" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D4%BC%D5%AC%D5%B8%D5%B5%D5%A4_%D5%80%D5%B8%D5%BB%D5%AF%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Ալան Լլոյդ Հոջկին – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ալան Լլոյդ Հոջկին" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Hodgkin" title="Alan Hodgkin – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Alan Hodgkin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%95%D7%93%D7%92%27%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%9F" title="אלן הודג'קין – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אלן הודג'קין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%98%E1%83%93_%E1%83%B0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AF%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ალან ლოიდ ჰოჯკინი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ალან ლოიდ ჰოჯკინი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Алан Ходжкин – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Алан Ходжкин" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Hodgkin" title="Alan Hodgkin – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Alan Hodgkin" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alanus_Lloyd_Hodgkin" title="Alanus Lloyd Hodgkin – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Alanus Lloyd Hodgkin" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%AC%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%86" title="آلن لويد هودجكين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="آلن لويد هودجكين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AC%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86" title="الن هاجکین – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="الن هاجکین" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Hodgkin" title="Alan Hodgkin – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Alan Hodgkin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AD%E3%82%A4%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9B%E3%82%B8%E3%82%AD%E3%83%B3" title="アラン・ロイド・ホジキン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アラン・ロイド・ホジキン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%86_%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%DA%88_%DB%81%D9%88%D8%AC%DA%A9%D9%86" title="ایلن لائڈ ہوجکن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ایلن لائڈ ہوجکن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Hodgkin" title="Alan Hodgkin – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Alan Hodgkin" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ходжкин, Алан – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ходжкин, Алан" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%BE%DB%86%D8%AF%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86" title="ئالان ھۆدکین – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئالان ھۆدکین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%9F%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Алан Хоџкин – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Алан Хоџкин" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Hodgkin" title="Alan Hodgkin – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Alan Hodgkin" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_L._Hodgkin" title="Alan L. Hodgkin – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Alan L. Hodgkin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Алан Годжкін – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Алан Годжкін" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn" style="display:inline-block">Sir Alan Hodgkin</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin_nobel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin_nobel.jpg/220px-Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin_nobel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin_nobel.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1914-02-05</span>)</span>5 February 1914<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Banbury" title="Banbury">Banbury</a>, England, UK</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">20 December 1998<span style="display:none">(1998-12-20)</span> (aged 84)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a>, England, UK</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Citizenship</th><td class="infobox-data category">British</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Trinity_College,_Cambridge" title="Trinity College, Cambridge">Trinity College, Cambridge</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Marion Rous</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">Sarah, Deborah, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jonathan_Hodgkin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jonathan Hodgkin (not yet started)">Jonathan</a>, and Rachel</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Medal" title="Royal Medal">Royal Medal</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1958)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1963)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Copley_Medal" title="Copley Medal">Copley Medal</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1965)</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9689576"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Physiology" title="Physiology">Physiology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Biophysics" title="Biophysics">Biophysics</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Sir <b>Alan Hodgkin</b>, <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Merit" title="Order of Merit">OM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="Order of the British Empire">KBE</a>, <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Royal_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Royal Society">PRS</a> (Alan Lloyd Hodgkin, 5 February 1914 – 20 December 1998) was an English <a href="/wiki/Physiology" title="Physiology">physiologist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Biophysics" title="Biophysics">biophysicist</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-frs_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He shared the 1963 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine</a> with <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Huxley" title="Andrew Huxley">Andrew Huxley</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Eccles_(neurophysiologist)" title="John Eccles (neurophysiologist)">John Eccles</a>. </p><p>Alan Hodgkin, Andrew Huxley, and John Eccles (for his research on <a href="/wiki/Synapse" class="mw-redirect" title="Synapse">synapses</a>) were jointly awarded the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition Hodgkin and Huxley's findings led them to suggest the existence of <a href="/wiki/Ion_channel" title="Ion channel">ion channels</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cell_membranes" class="mw-redirect" title="Cell membranes">cell membranes</a>, which was confirmed decades later. </p><p>Hodgkin was knighted (KBE) in 1972 and appointed to the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Merit" title="Order of Merit">Order of Merit</a> in 1973. From 1970 to 1975 he was <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Royal_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Royal Society">President</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Hodgkin&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Hodgkin&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724317">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-frs-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-frs_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHuxley2000" class="citation journal cs1">Huxley, S. A. (2000). "Sir Alan Lloyd Hodgkin, O.M., K.B.E. 5 February 1914 -- 20 December 1998: Elected F.R.S. 1948". <i>Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society</i>. <b>46</b>: 219–241. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frsbm.1999.0081">10.1098/rsbm.1999.0081</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:72238119">72238119</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Memoirs+of+Fellows+of+the+Royal+Society&rft.atitle=Sir+Alan+Lloyd+Hodgkin%2C+O.M.%2C+K.B.E.+5+February+1914+--+20+December+1998%3A+Elected+F.R.S.+1948&rft.volume=46&rft.pages=219-241&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frsbm.1999.0081&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A72238119%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Huxley&rft.aufirst=S.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Hodgkin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1963/">"The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1963"</a>. <i>Nobelprize.org</i>. Nobel Media AB<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nobelprize.org&rft.atitle=The+Nobel+Prize+in+Physiology+or+Medicine+1963&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fmedicine%2Flaureates%2F1963%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Hodgkin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9122492">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output 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transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Template talk:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";background:#d3d3d3;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";background:#d3d3d3;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Winners_of_the_Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Winners of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> in <a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_Prize_winners_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="List of Nobel Prize winners in Physiology or Medicine">Physiology or Medicine</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">1901 – 1925</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Emil_Adolf_von_Behring" title="Emil Adolf von Behring">Behring</a> (1901) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Ross" title="Ronald Ross">Ross</a> (1902) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Niels_Ryberg_Finsen" title="Niels Ryberg Finsen">Finsen</a> (1903) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Pavlov" title="Ivan Pavlov">Pavlov</a> (1904) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Robert_Koch" title="Robert Koch">Koch</a> (1905) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Camillo_Golgi" title="Camillo Golgi">Golgi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Santiago_Ram%C3%B3n_y_Cajal" title="Santiago Ramón y Cajal">Ramón y Cajal</a> (1906) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Alphonse_Laveran" title="Alphonse Laveran">Laveran</a> (1907) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Ilya_Mechnikov" title="Ilya Mechnikov">Mechnikov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Ehrlich" title="Paul Ehrlich">Ehrlich</a> (1908) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Emil_Theodor_Kocher" title="Emil Theodor Kocher">Kocher</a> (1909) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Albrecht_Kossel" title="Albrecht Kossel">Kossel</a> (1910) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Allvar_Gullstrand" title="Allvar Gullstrand">Gullstrand</a> (1911) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Alexis_Carrel" title="Alexis Carrel">Carrel</a> (1912) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Charles_Robert_Richet" title="Charles Robert Richet">Richet</a> (1913) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Robert_B%C3%A1r%C3%A1ny" title="Robert Bárány">Bárány</a> (1914) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Jules_Bordet" title="Jules Bordet">Bordet</a> (1919) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/August_Krogh" title="August Krogh">Krogh</a> (1920) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Hill" title="Archibald Hill">Hill</a> / <a href="/wiki/Otto_Fritz_Meyerhof" title="Otto Fritz Meyerhof">Meyerhof</a> (1922) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Banting" title="Frederick Banting">Banting</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Macleod" title="John Macleod">Macleod</a> (1923) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Willem_Einthoven" title="Willem Einthoven">Einthoven</a> (1924) </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">1926 – 1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Fibiger" title="Johannes Fibiger">Fibiger</a> (1926) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Julius_Wagner-Jauregg" title="Julius Wagner-Jauregg">Wagner-Jauregg</a> (1927) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Charles_Nicolle" title="Charles Nicolle">Nicolle</a> (1928) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Christiaan_Eijkman" title="Christiaan Eijkman">Eijkman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Hopkins" title="Frederick Hopkins">Hopkins</a> (1929) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Karl_Landsteiner" title="Karl Landsteiner">Landsteiner</a> (1930) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Otto_Heinrich_Warburg" title="Otto Heinrich Warburg">Warburg</a> (1931) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Charles_Scott_Sherrington" title="Charles Scott Sherrington">Sherrington</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Adrian,_1st_Baron_Adrian" title="Edgar Adrian, 1st Baron Adrian">Adrian</a> (1932) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan" title="Thomas Hunt Morgan">Morgan</a> (1933) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/George_Whipple" title="George Whipple">Whipple</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Minot" title="George Minot">Minot</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_P._Murphy" title="William P. Murphy">Murphy</a> (1934) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Hans_Spemann" title="Hans Spemann">Spemann</a> (1935) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Henry_Hallett_Dale" title="Henry Hallett Dale">Dale</a> / <a href="/wiki/Otto_Loewi" title="Otto Loewi">Loewi</a> (1936) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Albert_Szent-Gy%C3%B6rgyi" title="Albert Szent-Györgyi">Szent-Györgyi</a> (1937) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Corneille_Heymans" title="Corneille Heymans">Heymans</a> (1938) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Domagk" title="Gerhard Domagk">Domagk</a> (1939) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Dam" title="Henrik Dam">Dam</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edward_Adelbert_Doisy" title="Edward Adelbert Doisy">Doisy</a> (1943) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Erlanger" title="Joseph Erlanger">Erlanger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Gasser" title="Herbert Gasser">Gasser</a> (1944) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming">Fleming</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Chain" title="Ernst Chain">Chain</a> / <a href="/wiki/Howard_Florey" title="Howard Florey">Florey</a> (1945) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/H._J._Muller" title="H. J. Muller">Muller</a> (1946) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Carl_Ferdinand_Cori" title="Carl Ferdinand Cori">C.Cori</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gerty_Cori" title="Gerty Cori">G.Cori</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Houssay" title="Bernardo Houssay">Houssay</a> (1947) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Paul_Hermann_M%C3%BCller" title="Paul Hermann Müller">Müller</a> (1948) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Walter_Rudolf_Hess" title="Walter Rudolf Hess">Hess</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Egas_Moniz" title="António Egas Moniz">Moniz</a> (1949) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Edward_Calvin_Kendall" title="Edward Calvin Kendall">Kendall</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tadeus_Reichstein" title="Tadeus Reichstein">Reichstein</a> / <a href="/wiki/Philip_Showalter_Hench" title="Philip Showalter Hench">Hench</a> (1950) </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">1951 – 1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Max_Theiler" title="Max Theiler">Theiler</a> (1951) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Selman_Waksman" title="Selman Waksman">Waksman</a> (1952) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Hans_Krebs" title="Hans Krebs">Krebs</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Albert_Lipmann" class="mw-redirect" title="Fritz Albert Lipmann">Lipmann</a> (1953) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/John_Franklin_Enders" class="mw-redirect" title="John Franklin Enders">Enders</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Huckle_Weller" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Huckle Weller">Weller</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Chapman_Robbins" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick Chapman Robbins">Robbins</a> (1954) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Theorell" title="Hugo Theorell">Theorell</a> (1955) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Cournand" class="mw-redirect" title="André Frédéric Cournand">Cournand</a> / <a href="/wiki/Werner_Forssmann" title="Werner Forssmann">Forssmann</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dickinson_W._Richards" title="Dickinson W. Richards">Richards</a> (1956) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Bovet" title="Daniel Bovet">Bovet</a> (1957) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/George_Beadle" title="George Beadle">Beadle</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edward_Tatum" title="Edward Tatum">Tatum</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Lederberg" title="Joshua Lederberg">Lederberg</a> (1958) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Severo_Ochoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Severo Ochoa">Ochoa</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Kornberg" title="Arthur Kornberg">Kornberg</a> (1959) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Frank_Macfarlane_Burnet" title="Frank Macfarlane Burnet">Burnet</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Medawar" title="Peter Medawar">Medawar</a> (1960) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Georg_von_B%C3%A9k%C3%A9sy" title="Georg von Békésy">Békésy</a> (1961) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick">Crick</a> / <a href="/wiki/James_D._Watson" title="James D. Watson">Watson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Wilkins" title="Maurice Wilkins">Wilkins</a> (1962) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/John_Eccles_(neurophysiologist)" title="John Eccles (neurophysiologist)">Eccles</a> / <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hodgkin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Huxley" title="Andrew Huxley">Huxley</a> (1963) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Emil_Bloch" title="Konrad Emil Bloch">Bloch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Feodor_Felix_Konrad_Lynen" class="mw-redirect" title="Feodor Felix Konrad Lynen">Lynen</a> (1964) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Jacob" title="François Jacob">Jacob</a> / <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Michel_Lwoff" class="mw-redirect" title="André Michel Lwoff">Lwoff</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Monod" title="Jacques Monod">Monod</a> (1965) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Francis_Peyton_Rous" class="mw-redirect" title="Francis Peyton Rous">Rous</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_Brenton_Huggins" title="Charles Brenton Huggins">Huggins</a> (1966) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Ragnar_Granit" title="Ragnar Granit">Granit</a> / <a href="/wiki/Haldan_Keffer_Hartline" title="Haldan Keffer Hartline">Hartline</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Wald" title="George Wald">Wald</a> (1967) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Holley" title="Robert W. Holley">Holley</a> / <a href="/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana">Khorana</a> / <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Warren_Nirenberg" title="Marshall Warren Nirenberg">Nirenberg</a> (1968) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Max_Delbr%C3%BCck" title="Max Delbrück">Delbrück</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hershey" title="Alfred Hershey">Hershey</a> / <a href="/wiki/Salvador_Luria" title="Salvador Luria">Luria</a> (1969) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Katz" title="Bernard Katz">Katz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ulf_von_Euler" title="Ulf von Euler">Euler</a> / <a href="/wiki/Julius_Axelrod" class="mw-redirect" title="Julius Axelrod">Axelrod</a> (1970) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Earl_Wilbur_Sutherland_Jr." title="Earl Wilbur Sutherland Jr.">Sutherland</a> (1971) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Edelman" title="Gerald Edelman">Edelman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rodney_Robert_Porter" class="mw-redirect" title="Rodney Robert Porter">Porter</a> (1972) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Karl_von_Frisch" title="Karl von Frisch">Frisch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz">Lorenz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Niko_Tinbergen" title="Niko Tinbergen">Tinbergen</a> (1973) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Albert_Claude" title="Albert Claude">Claude</a> / <a href="/wiki/Christian_de_Duve" title="Christian de Duve">Duve</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Emil_Palade" title="George Emil Palade">Palade</a> (1974) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/David_Baltimore" title="David Baltimore">Baltimore</a> / <a href="/wiki/Howard_Temin" title="Howard Temin">Temin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Renato_Dulbecco" title="Renato Dulbecco">Dulbecco</a> (1975) </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">1976 – 2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Baruch_Samuel_Blumberg" title="Baruch Samuel Blumberg">Blumberg</a> / <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Carleton_Gajdusek" title="Daniel Carleton Gajdusek">Gajdusek</a> (1976) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Roger_Guillemin" title="Roger Guillemin">Guillemin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Schally" title="Andrew Schally">Schally</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rosalyn_Yalow" title="Rosalyn Yalow">Yalow</a> (1977) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Werner_Arber" title="Werner Arber">Arber</a> / <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Nathans" title="Daniel Nathans">Nathans</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Smith" title="Hamilton Smith">Smith</a> (1978) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Allan_McLeod_Cormack" title="Allan McLeod Cormack">Cormack</a> / <a href="/wiki/Godfrey_Hounsfield" class="mw-redirect" title="Godfrey Hounsfield">Hounsfield</a> (1979) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Baruj_Benacerraf" title="Baruj Benacerraf">Benacerraf</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jean_Dausset" title="Jean Dausset">Dausset</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Davis_Snell" title="George Davis Snell">Snell</a> (1980) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Roger_Sperry" class="mw-redirect" title="Roger Sperry">Sperry</a> / <a href="/wiki/David_Hubel" title="David Hubel">Hubel</a> / <a href="/wiki/Torsten_Wiesel" title="Torsten Wiesel">Wiesel</a> (1981) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Sune_Bergstr%C3%B6m" title="Sune Bergström">Bergström</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bengt_I._Samuelsson" title="Bengt I. Samuelsson">Samuelsson</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Robert_Vane" class="mw-redirect" title="John Robert Vane">Vane</a> (1982) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Barbara_McClintock" title="Barbara McClintock">McClintock</a> (1983) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Niels_Kaj_Jerne" title="Niels Kaj Jerne">Jerne</a> / <a href="/wiki/Georges_J._F._K%C3%B6hler" title="Georges J. F. Köhler">Köhler</a> / <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Milstein" class="mw-redirect" title="César Milstein">Milstein</a> (1984) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Michael_Stuart_Brown" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Stuart Brown">Brown</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joseph_L._Goldstein" title="Joseph L. Goldstein">Goldstein</a> (1985) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Cohen" title="Stanley Cohen">Stanley Cohen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rita_Levi-Montalcini" title="Rita Levi-Montalcini">Levi-Montalcini</a> (1986) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Susumu_Tonegawa" title="Susumu Tonegawa">Tonegawa</a> (1987) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/James_Black" title="James Black">Black</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gertrude_B._Elion" title="Gertrude B. Elion">Elion</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_H._Hitchings" title="George H. Hitchings">Hitchings</a> (1988) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/J._Michael_Bishop" title="J. Michael Bishop">Bishop</a> / <a href="/wiki/Harold_Varmus" title="Harold Varmus">Varmus</a> (1989) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Murray" title="Joseph Murray">Murray</a> / <a href="/wiki/E._Donnall_Thomas" title="E. Donnall Thomas">Thomas</a> (1990) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Neher" title="Erwin Neher">Neher</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bert_Sakmann" title="Bert Sakmann">Sakmann</a> (1991) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Edmond_H._Fischer" title="Edmond H. Fischer">Fischer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edwin_G._Krebs" title="Edwin G. Krebs">Krebs</a> (1992) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Richard_Roberts" title="Richard Roberts">Roberts</a> / <a href="/wiki/Phillip_Sharp" title="Phillip Sharp">Sharp</a> (1993) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Alfred_G._Gilman" title="Alfred G. Gilman">Gilman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Martin_Rodbell" title="Martin Rodbell">Rodbell</a> (1994) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Edward_B._Lewis" title="Edward B. Lewis">Lewis</a> / <a href="/wiki/Christiane_N%C3%BCsslein-Volhard" title="Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard">Nüsslein-Volhard</a> / <a href="/wiki/Eric_F._Wieschaus" title="Eric F. Wieschaus">Wieschaus</a> (1995) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Peter_C._Doherty" title="Peter C. Doherty">Doherty</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rolf_M._Zinkernagel" title="Rolf M. Zinkernagel">Zinkernagel</a> (1996) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Stanley_B._Prusiner" title="Stanley B. Prusiner">Prusiner</a> (1997) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Furchgott" title="Robert F. Furchgott">Furchgott</a> / <a href="/wiki/Louis_Ignarro" title="Louis Ignarro">Ignarro</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ferid_Murad" title="Ferid Murad">Murad</a> (1998) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Blobel" title="Günter Blobel">Blobel</a> (1999) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Arvid_Carlsson" title="Arvid Carlsson">Carlsson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Greengard" title="Paul Greengard">Greengard</a> / <a href="/wiki/Eric_Kandel" title="Eric Kandel">Kandel</a> (2000) </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">2001 – present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Lee_Hartwell" title="Lee Hartwell">Hartwell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tim_Hunt" title="Tim Hunt">Hunt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Nurse" title="Paul Nurse">Nurse</a> (2001) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Brenner" title="Sydney Brenner">Brenner</a> / <a href="/wiki/H._Robert_Horvitz" title="H. Robert Horvitz">Horvitz</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Sulston" title="John Sulston">Sulston</a> (2002) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Paul_Lauterbur" title="Paul Lauterbur">Lauterbur</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Mansfield" title="Peter Mansfield">Mansfield</a> (2003) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel">Axel</a> / <a href="/wiki/Linda_B._Buck" title="Linda B. Buck">Buck</a> (2004) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Barry_Marshall" title="Barry Marshall">Marshall</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robin_Warren" title="Robin Warren">Warren</a> (2005) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Fire" title="Andrew Fire">Fire</a> / <a href="/wiki/Craig_Mello" title="Craig Mello">Mello</a> (2006) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Mario_Capecchi" title="Mario Capecchi">Capecchi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Martin_Evans" title="Martin Evans">Evans</a> / <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Smithies" title="Oliver Smithies">Smithies</a> (2007) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Barr%C3%A9-Sinoussi" title="Françoise Barré-Sinoussi">Barré-Sinoussi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Luc_Montagnier" title="Luc Montagnier">Montagnier</a> / <a href="/wiki/Harald_zur_Hausen" title="Harald zur Hausen">zur Hausen</a> (2008) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Blackburn" title="Elizabeth Blackburn">Blackburn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carol_Greider" title="Carol Greider">Greider</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jack_Szostak" title="Jack Szostak">Szostak</a> (2009) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Robert_Edwards" title="Robert Edwards">Edwards</a> (2010) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Beutler" title="Bruce Beutler">Beutler</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jules_Hoffmann" title="Jules Hoffmann">Hoffmann</a>; <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Steinman" title="Ralph Steinman">Steinman</a> (2011) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/John_Gurdon" title="John Gurdon">Gurdon</a> / <a href="/wiki/Shinya_Yamanaka" title="Shinya Yamanaka">Yamanaka</a> (2012) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/James_Rothman" title="James Rothman">Rothman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Randy_Schekman" title="Randy Schekman">Schekman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thomas_C._S%C3%BCdhof" title="Thomas C. Südhof">Südhof</a> (2013) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/John_O%27Keefe" title="John O'Keefe">O'Keefe</a> / <a href="/wiki/May-Britt_Moser" title="May-Britt Moser">M-B. Moser</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edvard_Moser" title="Edvard Moser">E. Moser</a> (2014) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/William_C._Campbell_(scientist)" title="William C. Campbell (scientist)">Campbell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Satoshi_%C5%8Cmura" title="Satoshi Ōmura">Ōmura</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tu_Youyou" title="Tu Youyou">Youyou</a> (2015) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Yoshinori_Ohsumi" title="Yoshinori Ohsumi">Ohsumi</a> (2016) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_C._Hall" title="Jeffrey C. Hall">Hall</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Rosbash" title="Michael Rosbash">Rosbash</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_W._Young" title="Michael W. Young">Young</a> (2017) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/James_P._Allison" title="James P. Allison">Allison</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tasuku_Honjo" title="Tasuku Honjo">Honjo</a> (2018) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Gregg_L._Semenza" title="Gregg L. Semenza">Semenza</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_J._Ratcliffe" title="Peter J. Ratcliffe">Ratcliffe</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Kaelin_Jr." title="William Kaelin Jr.">Kaelin Jr.</a> (2019) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Harvey_J._Alter" title="Harvey J. Alter">Atler</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Houghton" title="Michael Houghton">Houghton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_M._Rice" title="Charles M. Rice">Rice</a> (2020) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Ardem_Patapoutian" title="Ardem Patapoutian">Patapoutian</a> / <a href="/wiki/David_Julius" title="David Julius">Julius</a> (2021) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Svante_P%C3%A4%C3%A4bo" title="Svante Pääbo">Pääbo</a> (2022) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Katalin_Karik%C3%B3" title="Katalin Karikó">Karikó</a> / <a href="/wiki/Drew_Weissman" title="Drew Weissman">Weissman</a> (2023) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Victor_Ambros" title="Victor Ambros">Ambros</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gary_Ruvkun" title="Gary Ruvkun">Ruvkun</a> (2024) </p> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9122492"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193650#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193650#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193650#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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