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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">Escondre</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Començament</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Istòria_dau_concèpte" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Istòria_dau_concèpte"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Istòria dau concèpte</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Istòria_dau_concèpte-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_metallurgia_dau_fèrre_e_sei_consequéncias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_metallurgia_dau_fèrre_e_sei_consequéncias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>La metallurgia dau fèrre e sei consequéncias</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-La_metallurgia_dau_fèrre_e_sei_consequéncias-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció La metallurgia dau fèrre e sei consequéncias</span> </button> <ul id="toc-La_metallurgia_dau_fèrre_e_sei_consequéncias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lei_procès_antics_de_produccion_de_fèrre_e_d'acier" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lei_procès_antics_de_produccion_de_fèrre_e_d'acier"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Lei procès antics de produccion de fèrre e d'acier</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lei_procès_antics_de_produccion_de_fèrre_e_d'acier-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lei_transformacions_socialas_de_l'Edat_dau_Fèrre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lei_transformacions_socialas_de_l'Edat_dau_Fèrre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Lei transformacions socialas de l'Edat dau Fèrre</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lei_transformacions_socialas_de_l'Edat_dau_Fèrre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lo_debanament_de_l'Edat_dau_Fèrre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lo_debanament_de_l'Edat_dau_Fèrre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Lo debanament de l'Edat dau Fèrre</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Lo_debanament_de_l'Edat_dau_Fèrre-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Lo debanament de l'Edat dau Fèrre</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Lo_debanament_de_l'Edat_dau_Fèrre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lei_zònas_d'aparicion_de_la_metallurgia_dau_fèrre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lei_zònas_d'aparicion_de_la_metallurgia_dau_fèrre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Lei zònas d'aparicion de la metallurgia dau fèrre</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lei_zònas_d'aparicion_de_la_metallurgia_dau_fèrre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Orient_Mejan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orient_Mejan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Orient Mejan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orient_Mejan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Euròpa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Euròpa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Euròpa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Euròpa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Annèxas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Annèxas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Annèxas</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Annèxas-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Annèxas</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Annèxas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Liames_intèrnes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liames_intèrnes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Liames intèrnes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liames_intèrnes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nòtas_e_referéncias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nòtas_e_referéncias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Nòtas e referéncias</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nòtas_e_referéncias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Somari" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Taula de continguts" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Edat dau Fèrre</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 147 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-147" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">147 lengas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ystertydperk" title="Ystertydperk - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ystertydperk" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eisenzeit" title="Eisenzeit - aleman de Soïssa" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Eisenzeit" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="aleman de Soïssa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%89%A5%E1%88%A8%E1%89%B5_%E1%8B%98%E1%88%98%E1%8A%95" title="የብረት ዘመን - amaric" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="የብረት ዘመን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edat_de_Fierro" title="Edat de Fierro - aragonés" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Edat de Fierro" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A" title="العصر الحديدي - arabi" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="العصر الحديدي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%89" title="عصر حديدى - àrab egipci" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="عصر حديدى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="àrab egipci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8C%E0%A6%B9_%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%97" title="লৌহ যুগ - assamès" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="লৌহ যুগ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed%C3%A1_del_fierro" title="Edá del fierro - asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Edá del fierro" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azilugal" title="Azilugal - kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Azilugal" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C9%99mir_d%C3%B6vr%C3%BC" title="Dəmir dövrü - azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Dəmir dövrü" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D8%AF%D8%A4%D9%86%D9%85%DB%8C" title="دمیر دؤنمی - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="دمیر دؤنمی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Тимер быуат - baixkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Тимер быуат" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baixkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gel%C5%BE%C4%97is_om%C5%BEios" title="Gelžėis omžios - samogitien" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Gelžėis omžios" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Жалезны век - belarús" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Жалезны век" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Жалезны век - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Жалезны век" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0" title="Желязна епоха - bulgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Желязна епоха" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaman_Besi" title="Zaman Besi - banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Zaman Besi" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AE%E1%82%8F%E1%80%81%E1%80%B1%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA" title="ပသီႏခေတ် - Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ပသီႏခေတ်" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8C%E0%A6%B9_%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%97" title="লৌহ যুগ - bengalin" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লৌহ যুগ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A3%E0%BE%95%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%A4%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8D" title="ལྕགས་ཆས་སྤྱོད་པའི་དུས་རབས། - tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ལྕགས་ཆས་སྤྱོད་པའི་དུས་རབས།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oadvezh_an_houarn" title="Oadvezh an houarn - breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Oadvezh an houarn" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDeljezno_doba" title="Željezno doba - bosniac" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Željezno doba" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edat_del_ferro" title="Edat del ferro - catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Edat del ferro" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%8C%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Аьчка оьмар - chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Аьчка оьмар" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%95%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%86" title="سەردەمی ئاسن - kurd central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سەردەمی ئاسن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurd central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demir_devri" title="Demir devri - tàtar de Crimea" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Demir devri" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="tàtar de Crimea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doba_%C5%BEelezn%C3%A1" title="Doba železná - chèc" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Doba železná" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="chèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ep%C3%B2ka_%C5%BCelaz%C5%82a" title="Epòka żelazła - caixubi" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Epòka żelazła" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="caixubi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BC%C4%95%D1%80_%C4%95%D0%BC%C4%95%D1%80%C4%95" title="Тимĕр ĕмĕрĕ - chovash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тимĕр ĕмĕрĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chovash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oes_yr_Haearn" title="Oes yr Haearn - gal·lès" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Oes yr Haearn" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gal·lès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jernalder" title="Jernalder - danés" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jernalder" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eisenzeit" title="Eisenzeit - alemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Eisenzeit" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wext%C3%AA_As%C4%B1ni" title="Wextê Asıni - Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Wextê Asıni" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%87%CE%AE_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%A3%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%AE%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Εποχή του Σιδήρου - grèc" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εποχή του Σιδήρου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Et%C3%A8_dal_f%C3%A8r" title="Etè dal fèr - Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Etè dal fèr" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age - anglés" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Iron Age" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferepoko" title="Ferepoko - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ferepoko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edad_del_Hierro" title="Edad del Hierro - espanhòl" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Edad del Hierro" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhòl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rauaaeg" title="Rauaaeg - estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Rauaaeg" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burdin_Aroa" title="Burdin Aroa - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Burdin Aroa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A2%D9%87%D9%86" title="عصر آهن - perse" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="عصر آهن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rautakausi" title="Rautakausi - finlandés" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Rautakausi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ravvaaig" title="Ravvaaig - võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Ravvaaig" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%82ge_du_fer" title="Âge du fer - francés" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Âge du fer" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iisentidj" title="Iisentidj - frisó septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Iisentidj" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisó septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izertiid" title="Izertiid - frisó occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Izertiid" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisó occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Iarannaois" title="An Iarannaois - irlandés" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Iarannaois" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%90%B5%E5%99%A8%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="鐵器時代 - xinès gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="鐵器時代" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="xinès gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laj_di_fer" title="Laj di fer - créole guyanais" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Laj di fer" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="créole guyanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idade_de_Ferro" title="Idade de Ferro - galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Idade de Ferro" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%96%D7%9C" title="תקופת הברזל - ebrèu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תקופת הברזל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebrèu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B9_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%97" title="लौह युग - Indi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लौह युग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Indi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loha_Yug" title="Loha Yug - hindi de Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Loha Yug" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi de Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDeljezno_doba" title="Željezno doba - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Željezno doba" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaskor" title="Vaskor - ongrés" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Vaskor" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ongrés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D6%80%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%A9%D5%AB_%D5%A4%D5%A1%D6%80" title="Երկաթի դար - armèni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Երկաթի դար" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armèni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D6%80%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%A9%D5%A7_%D4%B4%D5%A1%D6%80" title="Երկաթէ Դար - arménien occidental" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Երկաթէ Դար" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="arménien occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaman_Besi" title="Zaman Besi - indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Zaman Besi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panawen_ti_Landok" title="Panawen ti Landok - ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Panawen ti Landok" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Аьшка зама - ingúix" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Аьшка зама" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingúix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fer-epoko" title="Fer-epoko - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Fer-epoko" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A1rn%C3%B6ld" title="Járnöld - islandés" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Járnöld" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Et%C3%A0_del_ferro" title="Età del ferro - italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Età del ferro" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%89%84%E5%99%A8%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="鉄器時代 - japonés" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="鉄器時代" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayan_Iej" title="Ayan Iej - crioll anglès de Jamaica" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Ayan Iej" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="crioll anglès de Jamaica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaman_wesi" title="Jaman wesi - javanés" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Jaman wesi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="რკინის ხანა - georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რკინის ხანა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%91%C9%A9%C9%A3y%CA%8A%CA%8A_p%C9%A9nz%C9%A9_(Age_du_fer)" title="Ñɩɣyʊʊ pɩnzɩ (Age du fer) - Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Ñɩɣyʊʊ pɩnzɩ (Age du fer)" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80_%D0%B4%D3%99%D1%83%D1%96%D1%80%D1%96" title="Темір дәуірі - cazac" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Темір дәуірі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="cazac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B2%A0%EA%B8%B0_%EC%8B%9C%EB%8C%80" title="철기 시대 - corean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="철기 시대" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="corean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serdema_hesin%C3%AE" title="Serdema hesinî - curd" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Serdema hesinî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oos_Horn" title="Oos Horn - cornic" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Oos Horn" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83" title="Темир доору - kirguís" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Темир доору" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirguís" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aetas_ferrea" title="Aetas ferrea - latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Aetas ferrea" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eda_de_Fero" title="Eda de Fero - lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Eda de Fero" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iezertied" title="Iezertied - limburguès" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Iezertied" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Et%C3%A6_do_f%C3%A6ro" title="Etæ do færo - lígur" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Etæ do færo" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="lígur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Et%C3%A9_dl_Fer" title="Eté dl Fer - ladí" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Eté dl Fer" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="ladí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etaa_del_Ferr" title="Etaa del Ferr - llombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Etaa del Ferr" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="llombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gele%C5%BEies_am%C5%BEius" title="Geležies amžius - lituan" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Geležies amžius" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dze%C4%BC%C5%BEalaiki" title="Dzeļžalaiki - latgalien" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Dzeļžalaiki" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="latgalien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzelzs_laikmets" title="Dzelzs laikmets - leton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Dzelzs laikmets" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="leton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andron%27_ny_Vy" title="Andron' ny Vy - malgash" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Andron' ny Vy" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%B1%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8C%D3%A7_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC" title="Кӱртньӧ курым - Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Кӱртньӧ курым" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Железно време - macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Железно време" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%82" title="അയോയുഗം - malaiàlam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അയോയുഗം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiàlam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BC%D3%A9%D1%80_%D0%B7%D1%8D%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D2%AF%D0%B5" title="Төмөр зэвсгийн үе - mongòl" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Төмөр зэвсгийн үе" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongòl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B9_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%97" title="लोह युग - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="लोह युग" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaman_Besi" title="Zaman Besi - malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Zaman Besi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eidade_de_l_Fierro" title="Eidade de l Fierro - mirandés" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Eidade de l Fierro" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%B6%E1%80%81%E1%80%B1%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA" title="သံခေတ် - birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သံခေတ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Et%C3%A0_d%22o_fierro" title="Età d"o fierro - napolità" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Età d"o fierro" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolità" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iesentiet" title="Iesentiet - baix alemany" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Iesentiet" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="baix alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iezertied" title="Iezertied - baix saxó" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Iezertied" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="baix saxó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B9_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%97" title="लौह युग - nepalés" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="लौह युग" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%97" title="न युग - newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="न युग" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/IJzertijd" title="IJzertijd - neerlandés" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="IJzertijd" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jarnalderen" title="Jarnalderen - norvegian nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Jarnalderen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegian nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jernalderen" title="Jernalderen - norvegian bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jernalderen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegian bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%97" title="ਲੋਹਾ ਯੁੱਗ - punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਲੋਹਾ ਯੁੱਗ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epoka_%C5%BCelaza" title="Epoka żelaza - polonés" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Epoka żelaza" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Et%C3%A0_d%C3%ABl_fer" title="Età dël fer - piemontès" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Età dël fer" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%DB%81%D8%A7_%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7" title="لوہا ویلا - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لوہا ویلا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%86%DB%90_%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87" title="د اوسپنې زمانه - pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د اوسپنې زمانه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idade_do_Ferro" title="Idade do Ferro - portugués" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Idade do Ferro" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temp_da_fier" title="Temp da fier - romanch" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Temp da fier" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="romanch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epoca_Fierului" title="Epoca Fierului - romanés" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Epoca Fierului" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Железный век - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Железный век" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%97%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Желїзна доба - ruthène" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Желїзна доба" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ruthène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="लोहयुगम् - sanscrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="लोहयुगम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanscrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D2%AF%D0%B9%D1%8D" title="Тимир үйэ - iacut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Тимир үйэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iacut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edade_de_su_Ferru" title="Edade de su Ferru - sard" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Edade de su Ferru" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etati_d%C3%BB_ferru" title="Etati dû ferru - sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Etati dû ferru" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airn_Age" title="Airn Age - escossés" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Airn Age" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="escossés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDeljezno_doba" title="Željezno doba - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Željezno doba" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%A9_%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%BA" title="යකඩ යුගය - singalès" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="යකඩ යුගය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Iron Age" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDelezn%C3%A1_doba" title="Železná doba - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Železná doba" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDelezna_doba" title="Železna doba - eslovèn" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Železna doba" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovèn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zera_re_Utare" title="Zera re Utare - shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Zera re Utare" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koha_e_Hekurit" title="Koha e Hekurit - albanés" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Koha e Hekurit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Гвоздено доба - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Гвоздено доба" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iersentied" title="Iersentied - saterlandais" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Iersentied" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A4rn%C3%A5ldern" title="Järnåldern - suedés" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Järnåldern" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zama_za_Chuma" title="Zama za Chuma - swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Zama za Chuma" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="இரும்புக் காலம் - tamol" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இரும்புக் காலம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%AA_%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%82" title="ఇనుప యుగం - telogó" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఇనుప యుగం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telogó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81" title="ยุคเหล็ก - tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ยุคเหล็ก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demir_asyry" title="Demir asyry - turcmèn" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Demir asyry" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turcmèn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panahong_Bakal" title="Panahong Bakal - tagal" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Panahong Bakal" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demir_%C3%87a%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Demir Çağı - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Demir Çağı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%80" title="Тимер гасыр - tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Тимер гасыр" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Залізна доба - ucrainés" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Залізна доба" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucrainés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%DB%81%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1" title="آہنی دور - ordó" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آہنی دور" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ordó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temir_davri" title="Temir davri - ozbèc" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Temir davri" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ozbèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Et%C3%A0_del_fero" title="Età del fero - vènet" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Età del fero" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="vènet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raudaig" title="Raudaig - vepse" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Raudaig" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BB%9Di_%C4%91%E1%BA%A1i_%C4%91%E1%BB%93_s%E1%BA%AFt" title="Thời đại đồ sắt - vietnamian" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thời đại đồ sắt" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yzertyd" title="Yzertyd - flamenc occidental" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Yzertyd" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="flamenc occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panahon_han_Puthaw" title="Panahon han Puthaw - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Panahon han Puthaw" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%93%81%E5%99%A8%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="铁器时代 - xinès wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="铁器时代" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="xinès wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="რკინაშ ხანა - mingrelià" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="რკინაშ ხანა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9F_%D7%A2%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%9B%D7%A2" title="אייזן עפאכע - yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אייזן עפאכע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%93%81%E5%99%A8%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="铁器时代 - chinés" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="铁器时代" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%90%B5%E4%B8%96" title="鐵世 - xinès clàssic" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="鐵世" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="xinès clàssic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thih-kh%C3%AC_S%C3%AE-t%C4%81i" title="Thih-khì Sî-tāi - xinès min del sud" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Thih-khì Sî-tāi" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="xinès min del sud" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%90%B5%E5%99%A8%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="鐵器時代 - cantonés" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="鐵器時代" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11764#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modificar los ligams interlenga" class="wbc-editpage">Modificar los ligams</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espacis de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Edat_dau_F%C3%A8rre" title="Veire l’article [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discutir:Edat_dau_F%C3%A8rre&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Discussion a prepaus d'aquesta pagina (la pagina existís pas) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Canvia la variant de llengua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">occitan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Afichatges"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Edat_dau_F%C3%A8rre"><span>Legir</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edat_dau_F%C3%A8rre&veaction=edit" title="Modificar aquela pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificar</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edat_dau_F%C3%A8rre&action=edit" title="Modificar lo còdi font d'aquela pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edat_dau_F%C3%A8rre&action=history" title="Los autors e versions precedentas d'aquesta pagina. 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class="ambox-image" style="width: 52px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Fairytale_warning.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/19px-Fairytale_warning.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/29px-Fairytale_warning.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/38px-Fairytale_warning.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></td> <td class="ambox-text" style=""> <div class="ambox-text-span"><b>Aquel article es pas acabat. Es en fasa d'escritura o de reconstruccion importanta.</b><br /><span style="font-size:90%;" class="hide-when-compact"><span title="Nombre escrit en chifras romanas" style="font-variant:small-caps;">i.</span>) Son estat actual es provisòri, e se deu prendre amb prudéncia.<br /><span title="Nombre escrit en chifras romanas" style="font-variant:small-caps;">ii.</span>) Una version melhorada es en preparacion e deuriá èsser disponibla dins pauc de temps.<br /><span title="Nombre escrit en chifras romanas" style="font-variant:small-caps;">iii.</span>) Per ne seguir l'avançament o i participar, consultatz la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discutir:Edat_dau_F%C3%A8rre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discutir:Edat dau Fèrre (la pagina existís pas)">pagina de discussion</a>.</span></div> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <table align="center" cellpadding="5" style="border: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color:#cccccc; background-color: #ffffff; align:right; text-align:center; line-height:0.5; padding:1px; font-size:small;"> <tbody><tr> <td rowspan="2"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Periodes_historiques-oc.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Barra de navigacion entre los periòdes de l'Istòria"><img alt="Barra de navigacion entre los periòdes de l'Istòria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/Periodes_historiques-oc.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="48" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="48" /></a></span><br /><br /><div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand nowrap tnavbar" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8l:Navigacion_peri%C3%B2des_istorics" title="Modèl:Navigacion periòdes istorics"><abbr class="abbr" title="Veire aqueste modèl.">v</abbr></a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussion_Mod%C3%A8l:Navigacion_peri%C3%B2des_istorics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discussion Modèl:Navigacion periòdes istorics (la pagina existís pas)"><abbr class="abbr" style="color:#002bb8;" title="Discussion sus aqueste modèl.">d</abbr></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8l:Navigacion_peri%C3%B2des_istorics&action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modificar aqueste modèl. Mercé de previsualizar abans de salvar.">m</abbr></a></div> </td> <td style="background-color: #dcecf6; color: #000000;"> <p><a href="/wiki/Pre%C3%AFst%C3%B2ria" title="Preïstòria">Preïstòria</a> </p> </td> <td style="background-color: #60a4d1; color: #000000;"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Proto%C3%AFst%C3%B2ria" title="Protoïstòria">Protoïstòria</a></b> </p> </td> <td style="background-color: #dcecf6; color: #000000;"> <p><a href="/wiki/Ist%C3%B2ria" title="Istòria">Istòria</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #dcecf6; color: #000000;"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Paleolitic" title="Paleolitic">Paleolitic</a> <a href="/wiki/Mesolitic" title="Mesolitic">Mesolitic</a> <a href="/wiki/Neolitic" title="Neolitic">Neolitic</a></i> </p> </td> <td style="background-color: #60a4d1; color: #000000;"> <p><i><b><a href="/wiki/Edat_del_Coire" title="Edat del Coire">Edat del Coire</a> <a href="/wiki/Edat_del_Bronze" title="Edat del Bronze">Edat del Bronze</a> Edat del Fèrre</b></i> </p> </td> <td style="background-color: #dcecf6; color: #000000;"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Antiquitat" title="Antiquitat">Antiquitat</a> <a href="/wiki/Edat_Mejana" title="Edat Mejana">Edat Mejana</a> <a href="/wiki/Edat_Mod%C3%A8rna" title="Edat Modèrna">Edat Modèrna</a></i> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <table width="225" align="right" border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" rules="all" style="margin:1em 1em 1em 0; margin-left:2em; margin-top:0em; border:solid 1px #AAAAAA; border-collapse:collapse; background-color:#F9F9F9; font-size:95%; empty-cells:show;"> <tbody><tr align="center"> <td bgcolor="#FF8888" colspan="5"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edats_pre%C3%AFstoricas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edats preïstoricas (la pagina existís pas)">Edats preïstoricas</a></b> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td bgcolor="#aadcdc" colspan="1" rowspan="10" width="15%" style="writing-mode:tb-rl"><b><a href="/wiki/Oloc%C3%A8n" title="Olocèn">O</a></b> </td> <td colspan="2" bgcolor="#bb7301">  <a href="/wiki/La_T%C3%A8ne" title="La Tène">La Tène</a> </td> <td rowspan="3" bgcolor="#dd7301">  </td> <td bgcolor="#ffff99" rowspan="8"><a href="/wiki/Proto%C3%AFst%C3%B2ria" title="Protoïstòria">Protoïstòria</a> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td colspan="2" bgcolor="#dd7301">  <a href="/wiki/Cultura_de_Hallstatt" title="Cultura de Hallstatt">Hallstatt</a> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td bgcolor="#dd7301" colspan="3"><b><a href="/wiki/Edat_del_F%C3%A8rre" class="mw-redirect" title="Edat del Fèrre">Edat del Fèrre</a></b> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td colspan="2" bgcolor="#EB9301">  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bronze_final&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bronze final (la pagina existís pas)">Bronze final</a> </td> <td rowspan="4" bgcolor="#EAC672">  </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td colspan="2" bgcolor="#EAAD43">  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bronze_mejan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bronze mejan (la pagina existís pas)">Bronze mejan</a> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td colspan="2" bgcolor="#FFB300">  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bronze_ancian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bronze ancian (la pagina existís pas)">Bronze ancian</a> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td colspan="3" bgcolor="#EAC672"><b><a href="/wiki/Edat_del_Bronze" title="Edat del Bronze">Edat del Bronze</a></b> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td colspan="1" bgcolor="#FBD783">    <a href="/wiki/Calcolitic" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcolitic">Calcolitic</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" bgcolor="#eeeeee">  </td> <td rowspan="8" bgcolor="#cccccc">  </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td colspan="2" bgcolor="#eeeeee">  <a href="/wiki/Neolitic" title="Neolitic">Neolitic</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#ffffaa" rowspan="7"><a href="/wiki/Pre%C3%AFst%C3%B2ria" title="Preïstòria">Preïstòria</a> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td colspan="2" bgcolor="#dedede"><a href="/wiki/Mesolitic" title="Mesolitic">Mesolitic</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Epipaleolitic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Epipaleolitic (la pagina existís pas)">Epipal.</a> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td rowspan="5" bgcolor="#aadcff" style="writing-mode:tb-rl"><b><a href="/wiki/Ple%C3%AFstoc%C3%A8n" class="mw-redirect" title="Pleïstocèn">P</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#d0d0d0">    <a href="/wiki/Paleolitic_superior" title="Paleolitic superior">Paleolitic superior</a> </td> <td rowspan="4" bgcolor="#a0a0a0">  </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td bgcolor="#c0c0c0">    <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paleolitic_mejan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paleolitic mejan (la pagina existís pas)">Paleolitic mejan</a> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td bgcolor="#b0b0b0">    <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paleolitic_inferior&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paleolitic inferior (la pagina existís pas)">Paleolitic inferior</a> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td colspan="2" bgcolor="#a0a0a0">  <a href="/wiki/Paleolitic" title="Paleolitic">Paleolitic</a> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td colspan="3" bgcolor="#cccccc"><b><a href="/wiki/Edat_de_la_P%C3%A8ira" title="Edat de la Pèira">Edat de la Pèira</a></b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>L'<b>Edat dau Fèrre</b> (var. <b>Edat deu Hèr, Edat del Fèrre</b>, <b>Edat dau Fer</b>) es lo periòde dau desvolopament de la metallúrgia dau <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A8rre" title="Fèrre">fèrre</a>. Aquest <a href="/wiki/Metau" class="mw-redirect" title="Metau">metau</a> es superior au <a href="/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze">bronze</a> en duretat e abondància de jaç. </p><p>L'emplec corrècte d'aquest minerau comencèt au <a href="/wiki/Millenni_II_abC" title="Millenni II abC">millenni II abC</a>. Leis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Itita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Itita (la pagina existís pas)">ititas</a> foguèron lo premier reiaume organizat que ne controtlèt la produccion. </p><p>L'expansion de la coneissença sus l'emplec dau fèrre se produtz probablament dempuei <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> a travèrs de <a href="/wiki/Cauc%C3%A0s" title="Caucàs">Caucàs</a>. A aquela epòca se produson de cambiaments importants: leis empèris orientaus s'afeblisson e lei centres de poder se desplaçan vèrs l'<a href="/wiki/Occident" title="Occident">Occident</a>. Antau, l'Edat dau Fèrre se caracteriza per l'utilizacion dau fèrre coma <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metau_(mat%C3%A8ria)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metau (matèria) (la pagina existís pas)">metau</a>, utilizacion importada de l'<a href="/wiki/Orient_Mejan" title="Orient Mejan">Orient Mejan</a> a travèrs de l'emigracion de tribús indoeuropèas (cèltas), qu'a partir de 1200 aC començan d'arribar en <a href="/wiki/Eur%C3%B2pa_Occidentala" title="Euròpa Occidentala">Euròpa Occidentala</a> e son periòde va fins a l'epòca <a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Roman" class="mw-redirect" title="Empèri Roman">romana</a> e en <a href="/wiki/Escandin%C3%A0via" title="Escandinàvia">Escandinàvia</a> fins a l'epòca <a href="/wiki/Viking" title="Viking">vikinga</a> (a l'entorn de 1000). L'expansion bantó, de 500 abans l'èra crestiana, arribèt rapidament gràcias a la tecnologia dau fèrre. Lei limits cronologics de l'Edat dau Fèrre varian considerablament segon l'airau culturau e l'airau geografic. Au delà, mai d'una civilizacion coneguèt jamai l'Edat dau Fèrre maugrat qu'aguèsse experimentat un desvolopament sociau e/o tecnic important (per exemple, lo cas dei civilizacions precolombinas). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Istòria_dau_concèpte"><span id="Ist.C3.B2ria_dau_conc.C3.A8pte"></span>Istòria dau concèpte</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edat_dau_F%C3%A8rre&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modificar la seccion : Istòria dau concèpte" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edat_dau_F%C3%A8rre&action=edit&section=1" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Istòria dau concèpte"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lo concèpte d'Edat dau Fèrre es un concèpte ancian aparegut a partir dau sègle XVII per classar leis artefactes ancians collectats per lei premiereis <a href="/wiki/Ist%C3%B2ria" title="Istòria">istorians</a> e leis <a href="/wiki/Gabinet_de_curiositats" title="Gabinet de curiositats">amators de curiositats</a>. Ansin, en <a href="/wiki/1723" class="mw-redirect" title="1723">1723</a>, lo <a href="/wiki/Botanica" title="Botanica">botanista</a> <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">francés</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antoine_de_Jussieu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antoine de Jussieu (la pagina existís pas)">Antoine de Jussieu</a> (<a href="/wiki/1686" class="mw-redirect" title="1686">1686</a>-<a href="/wiki/1758" class="mw-redirect" title="1758">1758</a>) aguèt l'idèa de gropar d'ensembles d'artefactes dins de categorias definidas a partir de lor materiau de basa dins son estudi <i>De l'Origine et des usages de la Pierre de Foudre</i> (« De l'Origina e deis usatges de la Pèira de Tròn »). Quauqueis ans pus tard, en <a href="/wiki/1734" class="mw-redirect" title="1734">1734</a>, lo concèpte foguèt alargat per l'<a href="/wiki/Ist%C3%B2ria" title="Istòria">istorian</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicolas_Mahudel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicolas Mahudel (la pagina existís pas)">Nicolas Mahudel</a> (<a href="/wiki/1673" class="mw-redirect" title="1673">1673</a>-<a href="/wiki/1747" class="mw-redirect" title="1747">1747</a>) que definiguèt tres « Temps » dichs <a href="/wiki/Edat_de_la_P%C3%A8ira" title="Edat de la Pèira">Temps de la Pèira</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edat_dau_Bronze" class="mw-redirect" title="Edat dau Bronze">Temps dau Bronze</a> e Temps dau Fèrre dins l'òrdre <a href="/wiki/Cronologia" title="Cronologia">cronologic</a>. En <a href="/wiki/1740" class="mw-redirect" title="1740">1740</a>, sei trabals acceptats per l'Acadèmia sota lo títol <i>Les Monuments les plus anciens de l'industrie des hommes, des Arts et reconnus dans les pierres de Foudre</i> (« Lei Monuments pus ancians de l'industria deis òmes, deis Arts e reconeguts dins lei pèiras de Tròn »)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Aguèron una certana influéncia en <a href="/wiki/Eur%C3%B2pa" title="Euròpa">Euròpa</a> onte de personalitats, coma lo <a href="/wiki/Geologia" title="Geologia">geològ</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturalisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naturalisme (la pagina existís pas)">naturalista</a> <a href="/wiki/Anglat%C3%A8rra" title="Anglatèrra">anglés</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Borlase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Borlase (la pagina existís pas)">William Borlase</a> (<a href="/wiki/1695" class="mw-redirect" title="1695">1695</a>-<a href="/wiki/1772" class="mw-redirect" title="1772">1772</a>), desvolopèron e difusèron mai seis idèas. </p><p>Dins aquò, son lei trabalhs de l'<a href="/wiki/Arqueologia" title="Arqueologia">arqueològ</a> e <a href="/wiki/Ist%C3%B2ria" title="Istòria">istorian</a> <a href="/wiki/Danemarc" title="Danemarc">danés</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_J%C3%BCrgensen_Thomsen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christian Jürgensen Thomsen (la pagina existís pas)">Christian Jürgensen Thomsen</a> (<a href="/wiki/1788" class="mw-redirect" title="1788">1788</a>-<a href="/wiki/1865" class="mw-redirect" title="1865">1865</a>) que menèron a l'adopcion dau concèpte de Temps dau Bronze per la màger part de la comunautat <a href="/wiki/Sci%C3%A9ncia" title="Sciéncia">scientifica</a>. D'efiech, sensa formacion especifica, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_J%C3%BCrgensen_Thomsen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christian Jürgensen Thomsen (la pagina existís pas)">Thomsen</a> deguèt trobar un mejan per classar de colleccions d'objèctes <a href="/wiki/Antiquitat" title="Antiquitat">antics</a> divèrs tengudas per lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mus%C3%A8u_Nacionau_de_Danemarc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Musèu Nacionau de Danemarc (la pagina existís pas)">Musèu Nacionau de Danemarc</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Per aquò, escotèt una suggestion de l'<a href="/wiki/Ist%C3%B2ria" title="Istòria">istorian</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lauritz_Schebye_Vedel_Simonsen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lauritz Schebye Vedel Simonsen (la pagina existís pas)">Lauritz Schebye Vedel Simonsen</a> (<a href="/wiki/1780" class="mw-redirect" title="1780">1780</a>-<a href="/wiki/1858" class="mw-redirect" title="1858">1858</a>), professor de l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Universitat_de_Copenaga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Universitat de Copenaga (la pagina existís pas)">Universitat de Copenaga</a>, qu'aviá prepausat que lei <a href="/wiki/P%C3%B2ble" title="Pòble">pòbles</a> <a href="/wiki/Escandin%C3%A0via" title="Escandinàvia">escandinaus</a> <a href="/wiki/Antiquitat" title="Antiquitat">antics</a> foguèsson inicialament utilizaires d'otís de <a href="/wiki/Fusta" title="Fusta">fusta</a> e de <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A8ira" class="mw-redirect" title="Pèira">pèira</a> avans d'adoptar d'otís de <a href="/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze">bronze</a> e de <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A8rre" title="Fèrre">fèrre</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. La premiera presentacion publica deis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Artefacte_(arqueologia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Artefacte (arqueologia) (la pagina existís pas)">artefactes</a> organizats d'aqueu biais, dins tres <a href="/wiki/Gabinet_de_curiositats" title="Gabinet de curiositats">gabinets</a> diferents, se debanèt en <a href="/wiki/1819" class="mw-redirect" title="1819">1819</a>. Puei, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_J%C3%BCrgensen_Thomsen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christian Jürgensen Thomsen (la pagina existís pas)">Thomsen</a> formalizèt sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teoria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teoria (la pagina existís pas)">teoria</a> dei tres periòdes <a href="/wiki/Pre%C3%AFst%C3%B2ria" title="Preïstòria">preïstorics</a> en <a href="/wiki/1836" class="mw-redirect" title="1836">1836</a> dins <i>Ledetraad til nordisk Oldkyndighed</i> (« Guida deis antiquitats nordicas »). Son successor a la direccion dau <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A8u" title="Musèu">musèu</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jens_Jacob_Asmussen_Worsaae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jens Jacob Asmussen Worsaae (la pagina existís pas)">Jens Jacob Asmussen Worsaae</a> (<a href="/wiki/1821" class="mw-redirect" title="1821">1821</a>-<a href="/wiki/1885" class="mw-redirect" title="1885">1885</a>), organizèt de recèrcas sus plusors sites per demostrar, gràcias a de mesuras <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estratigrafia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estratigrafia (la pagina existís pas)">estratigraficas</a>, la validitat d'aquela intuicion<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>La validitat <a href="/wiki/Sci%C3%A9ncia" title="Sciéncia">scientifica</a> d'aqueu destriament en foguèt pauc a cha pauc contestat amb l'aprigondiment dei sabers <a href="/wiki/Ist%C3%B2ria" title="Istòria">istorics</a>. D'efiech, de <a href="/wiki/Societat" title="Societat">societats</a> desvolopèron de conoissenças scientificas relativament avançats tot en gardant un nivèu <a href="/wiki/Tecnologia" title="Tecnologia">tecnologic</a> generau correspondent a l'<a href="/wiki/Edat_de_la_P%C3%A8ira" title="Edat de la Pèira">Edat de la Pèira</a>. Per exemple, foguèt lo cas dei <a href="/wiki/Civilizacion_Maia" class="mw-redirect" title="Civilizacion Maia">Maias</a> qu'èran capables de realizar de calculs <a href="/wiki/Astronomia" title="Astronomia">astronomics</a> pus precís que <a href="/wiki/Claudi_Ptolem%C3%A8u" title="Claudi Ptolemèu">Ptolemèu</a> sensa aver lo mestritge de la <a href="/wiki/R%C3%B2da" title="Ròda">ròda</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Ansin, l'idèa de l'existéncia d'un liame entre l'avançament d'una societat e lei materiaus de basa utilizats per fabricar seis otís es desenant abandonada. En revènge, lei tèrmes <a href="/wiki/Edat_de_la_P%C3%A8ira" title="Edat de la Pèira">Edat de la Pèira</a>, dau <a href="/wiki/Edat_del_Bronze" title="Edat del Bronze">Bronze</a> ò dau Fèrre son encara fòrça utilizats per plaçar cronologicament lei vestigis descubèrts dins una region donada, en particular dins l'espaci <a href="/wiki/Eurasia" title="Eurasia">eurasiatic</a>. Aquò es pus complicat en <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> car la metallurgia dau fèrre i seguís una evolucion pus complèxa amb una difusion que pòu de còps èsser relativament tardiva. De mai, autra diferéncia importanta, en Africa, la transicion se faguèt generalament dirèctament entre l'<a href="/wiki/Edat_de_la_P%C3%A8ira" title="Edat de la Pèira">Edat de la Pèira</a> e l'Edat dau Fèrre car lei <a href="/wiki/Minerau" title="Minerau">mineraus</a> locaus permetián pas de produrre aisament de <a href="/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze">bronze</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="La_metallurgia_dau_fèrre_e_sei_consequéncias"><span id="La_metallurgia_dau_f.C3.A8rre_e_sei_consequ.C3.A9ncias"></span>La metallurgia dau fèrre e sei consequéncias</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edat_dau_F%C3%A8rre&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modificar la seccion : La metallurgia dau fèrre e sei consequéncias" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edat_dau_F%C3%A8rre&action=edit&section=2" title="Edita el codi de la secció: La metallurgia dau fèrre e sei consequéncias"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lei_procès_antics_de_produccion_de_fèrre_e_d'acier"><span id="Lei_proc.C3.A8s_antics_de_produccion_de_f.C3.A8rre_e_d.27acier"></span>Lei procès antics de produccion de fèrre e d'acier</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edat_dau_F%C3%A8rre&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modificar la seccion : Lei procès antics de produccion de fèrre e d'acier" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edat_dau_F%C3%A8rre&action=edit&section=3" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Lei procès antics de produccion de fèrre e d'acier"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Articles detalhats: <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A8rre" title="Fèrre">Fèrre</a> e <a href="/wiki/Acier" class="mw-redirect" title="Acier">Acier</a>.</div> <p>La metallurgia dau <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A8rre" title="Fèrre">fèrre</a> exigís un nivèu <a href="/wiki/Tecnologia" title="Tecnologia">tecnologic</a> pus avançat que per la metallurgia dau bronze. Plusors rasons explican aquela complexitat acreissuda. La premiera es la necessitat d'obtenir una <a href="/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura">temperatura</a> pus auta. Lo <a href="/wiki/Temperatura_de_fusion" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperatura de fusion">ponch de fusion</a> dau <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A8rre" title="Fèrre">fèrre</a> pur es de 1 538 °C<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, çò qu'es ben superior ai <a href="/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura">temperaturas</a> de <a href="/wiki/Fusion_(fisica)" title="Fusion (fisica)">fusion</a> dau <a href="/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze">bronze</a> (entre 830 e 1 100 °C segon sa composicion). Pasmens, aqueu problema pòu se resòuvre gràcias a la malleabilitat dau fèrre caud. D'efiech, avans d'intrar en fusion, lo fèrre se remolís e es possible de li donar una forma per martelatge. Lei bas-fornèus apareguts d'un biais independent dins mai d'una region permetián d'agantar lei temperaturas necessàrias a aqueu trabalh. Per arribar a la fusion, es necessari d'utilizar un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aut-forn%C3%A8u&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aut-fornèu (la pagina existís pas)">aut-fornèu</a>, un sistèma inventat en <a href="/wiki/Republica_Populara_de_China" title="Republica Populara de China">China</a> au <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8gle_V_avC" class="mw-redirect" title="Sègle V avC">sègle V avC</a>, mai que se difusèt pas en defòra dau país avans l'<a href="/wiki/Edat_Mejana" title="Edat Mejana">Edat Mejana</a>. </p><p>Lo segond problema major dei tecnicas de produccion de l'epòca èra lo produch obtengut. D'efiech, lei bas-fornèus permetián de redurre d'oxids de fèrre per produrre de fèrre metallic, mai lo resultat èra en realitat una <a href="/wiki/L%C3%B3pia_(siderurgia)" title="Lópia (siderurgia)">lópia</a> constituïda de <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A8rre" title="Fèrre">fèrre</a>, d'<a href="/wiki/Acier" class="mw-redirect" title="Acier">acier</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Carb%C3%B2ni" title="Carbòni">carbòni</a>, d'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Esc%C3%B2ria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Escòria (la pagina existís pas)">escòrias</a> e de la ganga dei mineraus utilizats<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Faliá alora cenglar la lópia durant d'<a href="/wiki/Ora" class="mw-redirect" title="Ora">oras</a> per obtenir un acier utilizable. Aquela activitat venguèt ansin emblematica dau mestier de fabre fins a la <a href="/wiki/Revolucion_Industriala" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolucion Industriala">Revolucion Industriala</a>. Dins leis auts-fornèus chinés, lo problema èra similar car lo <a href="/wiki/Minerau" title="Minerau">minerau</a> en fusion èra reduch per lo mejan d'un contacte dirècte amb lo <a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon">carbon</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Aquò permetiá de produrre una <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonda_(metallurgia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonda (metallurgia) (la pagina existís pas)">fonda</a> dura e fragila. Per l'utilizar, deviá donc seguir divèrsei procès de purificacion destinats a eliminar una partida deis impuretats. </p><p>Pasmens, leis impuretats avián un ròtle benefic per leis objèctes de <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A8rre" title="Fèrre">fèrre</a>. D'efiech, au contrari de l'<a href="/wiki/Acier" class="mw-redirect" title="Acier">acier</a> modèrne, demoravan en quantitats relativament importantas dins leis objèctes fabricats en despiech de la purificacion de la <a href="/wiki/L%C3%B3pia_(siderurgia)" title="Lópia (siderurgia)">lópia</a> per lo fabre. Aquò permetiá de limitar lo desvolopament dau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rovilh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rovilh (la pagina existís pas)">rovilh</a> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Temps_dau_Bronze_-_Ponchs_de_fusion_de_diferents_metaus_e_aliatges.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Ponchs de fusion de diferents metaus e aliatges utilizats durant l'Antiquitat[12]"><img alt="Ponchs de fusion de diferents metaus e aliatges utilizats durant l'Antiquitat[12]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Temps_dau_Bronze_-_Ponchs_de_fusion_de_diferents_metaus_e_aliatges.png/120px-Temps_dau_Bronze_-_Ponchs_de_fusion_de_diferents_metaus_e_aliatges.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Temps_dau_Bronze_-_Ponchs_de_fusion_de_diferents_metaus_e_aliatges.png/180px-Temps_dau_Bronze_-_Ponchs_de_fusion_de_diferents_metaus_e_aliatges.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Temps_dau_Bronze_-_Ponchs_de_fusion_de_diferents_metaus_e_aliatges.png/240px-Temps_dau_Bronze_-_Ponchs_de_fusion_de_diferents_metaus_e_aliatges.png 2x" data-file-width="982" data-file-height="591" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center"><a href="/wiki/Temperatura_de_fusion" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperatura de fusion">Ponchs de fusion</a> de diferents <a href="/wiki/Metau" class="mw-redirect" title="Metau">metaus</a> e <a href="/wiki/Aliatge" title="Aliatge">aliatges</a> utilizats durant l'<a href="/wiki/Antiquitat" title="Antiquitat">Antiquitat</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Keltischer_rennofen.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Reconstitucion d'un bas-fornèu cèlta."><img alt="Reconstitucion d'un bas-fornèu cèlta." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Keltischer_rennofen.jpg/90px-Keltischer_rennofen.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Keltischer_rennofen.jpg/135px-Keltischer_rennofen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Keltischer_rennofen.jpg/180px-Keltischer_rennofen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="618" data-file-height="824" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center">Reconstitucion d'un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bas-forn%C3%A8u&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bas-fornèu (la pagina existís pas)">bas-fornèu</a> cèlta.</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Iron_bloom.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lópia de fèrre en sortida d'un bas-fornèu"><img alt="Lópia de fèrre en sortida d'un bas-fornèu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Iron_bloom.jpg/120px-Iron_bloom.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Iron_bloom.jpg/180px-Iron_bloom.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Iron_bloom.jpg/240px-Iron_bloom.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1701" data-file-height="1417" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%B3pia_(siderurgia)" title="Lópia (siderurgia)">Lópia</a> de fèrre en sortida d'un bas-fornèu</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:H%C3%A9matite_Elbe.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ematita de l'illa d'Elba, un exemple de minerau de fèrre esplechat dempuei l'Antiquitat"><img alt="Ematita de l'illa d'Elba, un exemple de minerau de fèrre esplechat dempuei l'Antiquitat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/H%C3%A9matite_Elbe.jpg/120px-H%C3%A9matite_Elbe.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/H%C3%A9matite_Elbe.jpg/180px-H%C3%A9matite_Elbe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/H%C3%A9matite_Elbe.jpg/240px-H%C3%A9matite_Elbe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2398" data-file-height="2122" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center"><a href="/wiki/Ematita" title="Ematita">Ematita</a> de l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Illa_d%27Elba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Illa d'Elba (la pagina existís pas)">illa d'Elba</a>, un exemple de <a href="/wiki/Minerau" title="Minerau">minerau</a> de fèrre esplechat dempuei l'<a href="/wiki/Antiquitat" title="Antiquitat">Antiquitat</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Limonite_bog_iron_cm02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Limonita, autre exemple de minerau de fèrre utilizat durant l'Antiquitat"><img alt="Limonita, autre exemple de minerau de fèrre utilizat durant l'Antiquitat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Limonite_bog_iron_cm02.jpg/120px-Limonite_bog_iron_cm02.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Limonite_bog_iron_cm02.jpg/180px-Limonite_bog_iron_cm02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Limonite_bog_iron_cm02.jpg/240px-Limonite_bog_iron_cm02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="316" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limonita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limonita (la pagina existís pas)">Limonita</a>, autre exemple de minerau de fèrre utilizat durant l'Antiquitat</div></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lei_transformacions_socialas_de_l'Edat_dau_Fèrre"><span id="Lei_transformacions_socialas_de_l.27Edat_dau_F.C3.A8rre"></span>Lei transformacions socialas de l'Edat dau Fèrre</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edat_dau_F%C3%A8rre&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modificar la seccion : Lei transformacions socialas de l'Edat dau Fèrre" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edat_dau_F%C3%A8rre&action=edit&section=4" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Lei transformacions socialas de l'Edat dau Fèrre"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lei transformacions socialas de l'Edat dau Fèrre son variablas segon lei regions dau monde. D'un biais generau, l'utilizacion d'<a href="/wiki/Arma_(gu%C3%A8rra)" title="Arma (guèrra)">armas</a> e d'<a href="/wiki/Aisina" class="mw-redirect" title="Aisina">otís</a> de <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A8rre" title="Fèrre">fèrre</a> renforcèt lo poder deis elèits guerriers e aumentèt lei rendiments <a href="/wiki/Agricultura" title="Agricultura">agricòlas</a>. Aquò favorizèt una creissença <a href="/wiki/Demografia" title="Demografia">demografica</a> novèla e accentuèt la ierarquizacion de la màger part dei <a href="/wiki/Societat" title="Societat">societats</a>. De mai, l'aumentacion de la produccion agricòla intensifiquèt lei mecanismes d'especializacion economica apareguts durant l'<a href="/wiki/Edat_dau_Bronze" class="mw-redirect" title="Edat dau Bronze">Edat dau Bronze</a>. D'efiech, bòrd que mens de trabalhaires èran necessaris per entretenir lei culturas, foguèt possible de desvolopar l'<a href="/wiki/Artesanat" title="Artesanat">artesanat</a> ò lo <a href="/wiki/Com%C3%A8rci" title="Comèrci">comèrci</a>. Dins mai d'una region, lei ciutats en gestacion venguèron de centres urbans, sovent <a href="/wiki/Fortificacion" title="Fortificacion">fortificats</a>, que poguèron participar a la colonizacion de regions luechencas<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lo_debanament_de_l'Edat_dau_Fèrre"><span id="Lo_debanament_de_l.27Edat_dau_F.C3.A8rre"></span>Lo debanament de l'Edat dau Fèrre</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edat_dau_F%C3%A8rre&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modificar la seccion : Lo debanament de l'Edat dau Fèrre" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edat_dau_F%C3%A8rre&action=edit&section=5" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Lo debanament de l'Edat dau Fèrre"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lei_zònas_d'aparicion_de_la_metallurgia_dau_fèrre"><span id="Lei_z.C3.B2nas_d.27aparicion_de_la_metallurgia_dau_f.C3.A8rre"></span>Lei zònas d'aparicion de la metallurgia dau fèrre</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edat_dau_F%C3%A8rre&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modificar la seccion : Lei zònas d'aparicion de la metallurgia dau fèrre" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edat_dau_F%C3%A8rre&action=edit&section=6" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Lei zònas d'aparicion de la metallurgia dau fèrre"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Dau_Neolitic_au_Temps_dau_F%C3%A8rre.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Dau_Neolitic_au_Temps_dau_F%C3%A8rre.png/220px-Dau_Neolitic_au_Temps_dau_F%C3%A8rre.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Dau_Neolitic_au_Temps_dau_F%C3%A8rre.png/330px-Dau_Neolitic_au_Temps_dau_F%C3%A8rre.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Dau_Neolitic_au_Temps_dau_F%C3%A8rre.png/440px-Dau_Neolitic_au_Temps_dau_F%C3%A8rre.png 2x" data-file-width="4419" data-file-height="2438" /></a><figcaption>Difusion de l'agricultura, de la <a href="/wiki/Metallurgia" title="Metallurgia">metallurgia</a> e de l'<a href="/wiki/Escritura" title="Escritura">escritura</a> de <a href="/wiki/-8000" class="mw-redirect" title="-8000">8000</a> a <a href="/wiki/-1000" class="mw-redirect" title="-1000">1000 avC</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Lo <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A8rre_meteoritic" title="Fèrre meteoritic">fèrre meteoritic</a> èra trabalhat avans l'Edat dau Fèrre, probablament tre la fin dau millenari IV avC, mai son usatge èra esporadic e sovent limitat a la fabricacion d'objèctes ceremoniaus<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Segon lei <a href="/wiki/Conoissen%C3%A7a" class="mw-redirect" title="Conoissença">conoissenças</a> actualas, la premiera obtencion de fèrre per <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxidoreduccion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxidoreduccion (la pagina existís pas)">reduccion</a> de <a href="/wiki/Minerau" title="Minerau">mineraus</a> de fèrre se debanèt en <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a> durant lo <a href="/wiki/Millenari_III_avC" class="mw-redirect" title="Millenari III avC">millenari III avC</a>. Leis <a href="/wiki/Ititas" title="Ititas">Ititas</a> son sovent citats coma leis inventors d'aquela <a href="/wiki/Metallurgia" title="Metallurgia">metallurgia</a>, mai aquò es pauc clar. De pòbles pus ancians de la region dei <a href="/wiki/Monts_Taurus" title="Monts Taurus">monts Taurus</a> an probablament descubèrt de tecnicas de produccion de fèrre avans l'estructuracion dau reiaume itita vèrs <a href="/wiki/-2000" class="mw-redirect" title="-2000">2000 avC</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. En revènge, leis Ititas foguèron lo premier pòble capable de produrre de quantitats significativas d'objèctes de fèrre<sup id="cite_ref-Freu_e_Mozoyer_2008_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Freu_e_Mozoyer_2008-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>A partir dau territòri itita, la metallurgia dau fèrre se difusèt dins totei lei direccions, mai es malaisat de determinar se son aparicion dins leis autrei regions dau monde es lo resultat d'una difusion dei <a href="/wiki/Tecnica" title="Tecnica">tecnicas</a> ò d'una descubèrta independenta. La <a href="/wiki/Cronologia" title="Cronologia">cronologia</a> es puslèu en favor de la premiera ipotèsi. Per exemple, vèrs l'èst, la metallurgia dau fèrre apareguèt en <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dndia" title="Índia">Índia</a> dins lo corrent dau millenari II avC, en <a href="/wiki/Republica_Populara_de_China" title="Republica Populara de China">China</a> durant lo <a href="/wiki/Peri%C3%B2de_dei_Primas_e_deis_Autonas" title="Periòde dei Primas e deis Autonas">Periòde dei Primas e deis Autonas</a> (<a href="/wiki/-771" class="mw-redirect" title="-771">771</a>-<a href="/wiki/-481" class="mw-redirect" title="-481">481 avC</a>) e, finalament, en <a href="/wiki/Japon" title="Japon">Japon</a> durant lo <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8gle_II_apC" title="Sègle II apC">sègle II apC</a>. Pasmens, una descubèrta independenta dins certanei regions indianas es possibla. Vèrs l'oèst, lo fèrre èra ben conegut en <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A8cia_antica" title="Grècia antica">Grècia</a> en <a href="/wiki/-1050" class="mw-redirect" title="-1050">1050 avC</a> e son mestritge se difusèt en <a href="/wiki/It%C3%A0lia" title="Itàlia">Itàlia</a> vèrs <a href="/wiki/-900" class="mw-redirect" title="-900">900 avC</a>, en <a href="/wiki/Eur%C3%B2pa_de_l%27O%C3%A8st" class="mw-redirect" title="Euròpa de l'Oèst">Euròpa de l'Oèst</a> vèrs <a href="/wiki/-800" class="mw-redirect" title="-800">800 avC</a> e en <a href="/wiki/Irlanda" class="mw-disambig" title="Irlanda">Irlanda</a> vèrs <a href="/wiki/-500" class="mw-redirect" title="-500">500 avC</a>. En <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egipte" title="Egipte">Egipte</a> l'aviá adoptat tre lo millenari III avC. Es atestat en <a href="/wiki/Cartage" title="Cartage">Cartage</a> au <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8gle_VIII_avC" class="mw-redirect" title="Sègle VIII avC">sègle VIII avC</a> e en <a href="/wiki/Nubia" title="Nubia">Nubia</a> vèrs la meteissa epòca. Lei mecanismes d'aparicion ò de difusion vèrs lo sud dau <a href="/wiki/Continent" title="Continent">continent</a> son mens ben comprés. De descubèrtas localas i son possiblas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Orient_Mejan">Orient Mejan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edat_dau_F%C3%A8rre&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modificar la seccion : Orient Mejan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edat_dau_F%C3%A8rre&action=edit&section=7" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Orient Mejan"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Articles detalhats: <a href="/wiki/Ititas" title="Ititas">Ititas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egipte_antic" title="Egipte antic">Egipte antic</a> e <a href="/wiki/Elam" title="Elam">Elam</a>.</div> <p>L'Orient Mejan foguèt lo premier centre de la metallurgia dau fèrre. D'efiech, lei <a href="/wiki/Civilizacion" title="Civilizacion">civilizacions</a> dau <a href="/wiki/Creissent_Fertil" title="Creissent Fertil">Creissent Fertil</a> avián ja desvolopat un sector artesanau especializat dins la metallurgia dau <a href="/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze">bronze</a>. Ansin, a partir d'<a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a>, l'usatge dau fèrre se difusèt pauc a cha pauc dins lei regions vesinas (<a href="/wiki/Cauc%C3%A0s" title="Caucàs">Caucàs</a> vèrs <a href="/wiki/-1300" class="mw-redirect" title="-1300">1300 avC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> vèrs <a href="/wiki/-900" class="mw-redirect" title="-900">900 avC</a>). Pasmens, la disparicion deis objèctes de <a href="/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze">bronze</a> foguèt fòrça progressiva e lei dos metaus coexistiguèron durant de sègles. Per exemple, foguèt lo cas dins l'armada <a href="/wiki/Ititas" title="Ititas">itita</a> qu'utilizava d'<a href="/wiki/Arma_(gu%C3%A8rra)" title="Arma (guèrra)">armas</a> de fèrre e de bronze<sup id="cite_ref-Freu_e_Mozoyer_2008_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Freu_e_Mozoyer_2008-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>La metallurgia dau fèrre se difusèt rapidament en <a href="/wiki/Egipte" title="Egipte">Egipte</a>, mai son usatge i demorèt limitat coma l'indica lo nombre relativament feble d'artefactes de fèrre trobats dins lei tombas. Foguèt l'invasion <a href="/wiki/Assiria" title="Assiria">assiriana</a> de <a href="/wiki/-671" class="mw-redirect" title="-671">671 avC</a> que generalizèt son utilizacion. La rason pus sovent evocada per explicar aquela particularitat es <a href="/wiki/Religions" title="Religions">religiosa</a> : lo fèrre , atribuït au <a href="/wiki/Dieu" title="Dieu">dieu</a> <a href="/wiki/Seth" title="Seth">Seth</a>, èra vist coma un <a href="/wiki/Metau" class="mw-redirect" title="Metau">metau</a> impur e impròpri a fòrça usatges<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Fau tanben nòtar la raretat dei <a href="/wiki/Minerau" title="Minerau">mineraus</a> de <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A8rre" title="Fèrre">fèrre</a> en <a href="/wiki/Egipte" title="Egipte">Egipte</a> e l'accès relativament aisat dau país a de fònts de <a href="/wiki/Coire" title="Coire">coire</a> e d'<a href="/wiki/Estanh_(element)" title="Estanh (element)">estanh</a>. La facilitat de fabricar d'objèctes de <a href="/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze">bronze</a> foguèt donc probable un fren suplementari ais <a href="/w/index.php?title=Importacion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Importacion (la pagina existís pas)">importacions</a> de <a href="/wiki/Minerau" title="Minerau">mineraus</a> de fèrre. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Euròpa"><span id="Eur.C3.B2pa"></span>Euròpa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edat_dau_F%C3%A8rre&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modificar la seccion : Euròpa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edat_dau_F%C3%A8rre&action=edit&section=8" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Euròpa"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edat_dau_F%C3%A8rre_europ%C3%A8a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edat dau Fèrre europèa (la pagina existís pas)">Edat dau Fèrre europèa</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Aerial_photograph_of_Maiden_Castle,_1935.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Aerial_photograph_of_Maiden_Castle%2C_1935.jpg/220px-Aerial_photograph_of_Maiden_Castle%2C_1935.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Aerial_photograph_of_Maiden_Castle%2C_1935.jpg/330px-Aerial_photograph_of_Maiden_Castle%2C_1935.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Aerial_photograph_of_Maiden_Castle%2C_1935.jpg/440px-Aerial_photograph_of_Maiden_Castle%2C_1935.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="430" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fotografia" title="Fotografia">Fotografia</a> de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maiden_Castle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maiden Castle (la pagina existís pas)">Maiden Castle</a>, un site urban <a href="/wiki/Fortificacion" title="Fortificacion">fortificat</a> de l'Edat dau Fèrre dins leis <a href="/wiki/Illas_Britanicas" title="Illas Britanicas">illas Britanicas</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>En <a href="/wiki/Eur%C3%B2pa" title="Euròpa">Euròpa</a>, lo trabalh dau fèrre foguèt introduch a partir de <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A8cia_antica" title="Grècia antica">Grècia</a> dins lo corrent dau <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8gle_XI_avC" class="mw-redirect" title="Sègle XI avC">sègle XI avC</a>. Puei, se difusèt vèrs lo nòrd e l'oèst fins a arribar en <a href="/wiki/Irlanda_(illa)" title="Irlanda (illa)">Irlanda</a> vèrs <a href="/wiki/-500" class="mw-redirect" title="-500">500 avC</a>. Dins mai d'una region, s'acompanhèt d'un fenomèn d'urbanizacion, d'estructuracion <a href="/wiki/Estat" title="Estat">estatala</a> e de desvolopament dei rets comercialas. En particular, l'abitat <a href="/wiki/Fortificacion" title="Fortificacion">fortificat</a> e l'utilizacion d'<a href="/wiki/Arma_(gu%C3%A8rra)" title="Arma (guèrra)">armas</a> d'<a href="/wiki/Acier" class="mw-redirect" title="Acier">acier</a> venguèron pauc a cha pauc la nòrma dins la màger part dau continent. Es tanben marcat per de movements de populacions coma aquelei dei pòbles <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A8ltas" title="Cèltas">cèltas</a>. Fòrça complèxes, aquelei migracions e fenomèns d'estructuracion politicas menèron a la formacion de plusors ensembles tecnoeconomics<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> : </p> <ul><li>l'ensemble atlantic que compreniá leis <a href="/wiki/Illas_Britanicas" title="Illas Britanicas">illas Britanicas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flandra" class="mw-redirect" title="Flandra">Flandra</a>, lei regions occidentalas de <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A0llia" title="Gàllia">Gàllia</a> e lo nòrd-oèst de la <a href="/wiki/Peninsula_Iberica" title="Peninsula Iberica">peninsula Iberica</a>.</li> <li>l'ensemble nordic que compreniá <a href="/wiki/Escandin%C3%A0via" title="Escandinàvia">Escandinàvia</a> e lo nòrd de l'<a href="/wiki/Alemanha" title="Alemanha">Alemanha</a> actuala.</li> <li>l'ensemble lusacian qu'èra centrat sus <a href="/wiki/Lus%C3%A0cia" title="Lusàcia">Lusàcia</a> e que compreniá divèrsei regions vesinas de l'actuau territòri <a href="/wiki/Polonha" title="Polonha">polonés</a>.</li> <li>l'ensemble nòrd-aupenc que s'estendiá de l'<a href="/wiki/Occit%C3%A0nia" title="Occitània">Occitània</a> Orientala a la <a href="/wiki/Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca" title="Republica Chèca">Republica Chèca</a> actuala en passant per la <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A0llia" title="Gàllia">Gàllia</a> Orientala e leis <a href="/wiki/Aups" class="mw-redirect" title="Aups">Aups</a>. La <a href="/wiki/Cultura_de_Hallstatt" title="Cultura de Hallstatt">cultura de Hallstatt</a>, sovent citada coma exemple de cultura europèa de l'Edat dau Fèrre fasiá partida d'aqueu complèxe culturau.</li> <li>l'ensemble iberic que compreniá tota la <a href="/wiki/Peninsula_Iberica" title="Peninsula Iberica">peninsula Iberica</a> franc dei regions dau nòrd-oèst que fasiá partida de l'ensemble atlantic.</li> <li>l'ensemble italic que compreniá la <a href="/wiki/Peninsula_Italica" title="Peninsula Italica">peninsula Italica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corsega" title="Corsega">Corsega</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sardenha" title="Sardenha">Sardenha</a> e lo nòrd-oèst dei <a href="/wiki/Balcans" title="Balcans">Balcans</a>.</li> <li>l'ensemble carpatic que s'estendiá lòng de la vau bassa de <a href="/wiki/Danubi" title="Danubi">Danubi</a> e sus lei pendís meridionaus e orientaus dei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carpatas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carpatas (la pagina existís pas)">Carpatas</a>.</li> <li>l'ensemble grèc que s'estendiá dau sud dei <a href="/wiki/Balcans" title="Balcans">Balcans</a> a la <a href="/wiki/Mar_Eg%C3%A8a" title="Mar Egèa">mar Egèa</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asia">Asia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edat_dau_F%C3%A8rre&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modificar la seccion : Asia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edat_dau_F%C3%A8rre&action=edit&section=9" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Asia"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edat_dau_F%C3%A8rre_Indiana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edat dau Fèrre Indiana (la pagina existís pas)">Edat dau Fèrre Indiana</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Korea-Silla-Iron.armor-01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Korea-Silla-Iron.armor-01.jpg/220px-Korea-Silla-Iron.armor-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Korea-Silla-Iron.armor-01.jpg/330px-Korea-Silla-Iron.armor-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Korea-Silla-Iron.armor-01.jpg/440px-Korea-Silla-Iron.armor-01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuirassa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cuirassa (la pagina existís pas)">Cuirassa</a> d'<a href="/wiki/Acier" class="mw-redirect" title="Acier">acier</a> <a href="/wiki/Cor%C3%A8a" title="Corèa">coreana</a> dau <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8gle_III_avC" class="mw-redirect" title="Sègle III avC">sègle III avC</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Coma en <a href="/wiki/Eur%C3%B2pa" title="Euròpa">Euròpa</a>, l'aparicion e la difusion de la metallurgia dau fèrre en <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> es relativament complèxe en causa de la multiplicacion dei centres de fabricacion d'objèctes de <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A8rre" title="Fèrre">fèrre</a>. La region d'aparicion foguèt lo nòrd de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peninsula_Indiana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peninsula Indiana (la pagina existís pas)">peninsula Indiana</a> e lo sud d'<a href="/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan">Afganistan</a>. D'artefactes descubèrts sus lo site afgan de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mundigak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mundigak (la pagina existís pas)">Mundigak</a> mòstran una utilizacion dau fèrre per ornar d'objèctes de bronze durant lo <a href="/wiki/Millenari_III_avC" class="mw-redirect" title="Millenari III avC">millenari III avC</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. En parallèl, divèrsei vestigis mòstran una produccion limitada de fèrre dins quauqueis endrechs de la region avans lo començament vertadier de l'Edat dau Fèrre Indian<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Lo mestritge de la produccion de fèrre èra ansin probablament present dins la region avans la difusion dei <a href="/wiki/Tecnica" title="Tecnica">tecnicas</a> en provenença de <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a> e d'<a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>. Pasmens, a partir de <a href="/wiki/-1800" class="mw-redirect" title="-1800">1800 avC</a>, leis elements permetent d'atestar l'existéncia d'una metallurgia dau fèrre vènon pus nombrós e son presents sus plusors sites diferents. La data de començament de l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Edat_dau_F%C3%A8rre_Indiana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edat dau Fèrre Indiana (la pagina existís pas)">Edat dau Fèrre Indiana</a> es donc tradicionalament fixada vèrs aqueu periòde. Fau tanben nòtar l'existéncia probable d'un segond centre d'aparicion independent dins lo sud de la peninsula a l'entorn de la vila actuala de <a href="/wiki/Mysore" title="Mysore">Mysore</a><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Vèrs <a href="/wiki/-600" class="mw-redirect" title="-600">600 avC</a>, lo trabalh dau fèrre s'èra difusat dins totei lei regions de la peninsula, comprés <a href="/wiki/Ceilan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceilan">Ceilan</a>. Un aspècte de remarca de la metallurgia indiana es lo desvolopament dau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Crus%C3%B2u&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crusòu (la pagina existís pas)">crusòu</a> que permetiá <a href="/wiki/Fusion" title="Fusion">fondre</a> l'acier per obtenir de <a href="/wiki/Metau" class="mw-redirect" title="Metau">metaus</a> de qualitat superiora coma lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wootz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wootz (la pagina existís pas)">wootz</a> a l'origina deis <a href="/wiki/Acier_de_Damasc" title="Acier de Damasc">aciers de Damasc</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>En <a href="/wiki/Republica_Populara_de_China" title="Republica Populara de China">China</a>, la metallurgia dau fèrre apareguèt vèrs <a href="/wiki/-900" class="mw-redirect" title="-900">900 avC</a>. Coma en <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a>, aquela <a href="/wiki/Tecnologia" title="Tecnologia">tecnologia</a> arribèt dins de societats ja ben estructuradas e capablas de produrre de quantitats importantas de <a href="/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze">bronze</a>. Per aquela rason, la difusion foguèt relativament lenta e lei premiereis objèctes de fèrre apareguèron solament a la fin dau <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8gle_VI_avC" class="mw-redirect" title="Sègle VI avC">sègle VI avC</a> dins la vau dau <a href="/wiki/Fluvi_Blau" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluvi Blau">Fluvi Blau</a><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. A partir deis estats chinés, lei tecnicas de trabalh dau fèrre se propaguèron dins lei país vesins coma <a href="/wiki/Cor%C3%A8a" title="Corèa">Corèa</a> durant lo <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8gle_IV_avC" class="mw-redirect" title="Sègle IV avC">sègle IV avC</a> e <a href="/wiki/Japon" title="Japon">Japon</a> a la fin dau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peri%C3%B2de_Yayoi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Periòde Yayoi (la pagina existís pas)">periòde Yayoi</a><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Dins lo rèsta d'<a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>, la metallurgia dau fèrre sembla de se difusar a partir d'<a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dndia" title="Índia">Índia</a>. Aquò es relativament segur en <a href="/wiki/Asia_dau_Sud-%C3%88st" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia dau Sud-Èst">Asia dau Sud-Èst</a> onte la produccion de fèrre se desvolopèt entre lei <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8gle_IV_avC" class="mw-redirect" title="Sègle IV avC">sègles IV</a> e <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8gle_II_avC" class="mw-redirect" title="Sègle II avC">II avC</a><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Es mens segur dins l'<a href="/wiki/Est%C3%A8pa" title="Estèpa">estèpa</a> onte lo trabalh dau fèrre foguèt largament veïculat per de pòbles <a href="/wiki/Indoeurop%C3%A8us" title="Indoeuropèus">indoeuropèus</a>. De mai, lei vestigis coneguts i son mens nombrós. Pasmens, la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cultura_de_Pazyryk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cultura de Pazyryk (la pagina existís pas)">cultura de Pazyryk</a>, implantada entre lei sègles <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8gle_VI_avC" class="mw-redirect" title="Sègle VI avC">VI</a> e <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8gle_III_abC" title="Sègle III abC">III avC</a> dins lei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Monts_Alta%C3%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monts Altaï (la pagina existís pas)">monts Altaï</a>, mòstra l'estenduda dau mestritge de la metallurgia dau fèrre aquistat per lei <a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ris_nomadas" title="Empèris nomadas">pòbles nomadas</a> a aquela epòca. Mai au nòrd, lo fèrre sembla d'arribar dins lei regions <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">mongòlas</a> vèrs lo <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8gle_III_avC" class="mw-redirect" title="Sègle III avC">sègle III avC</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Africa">Africa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edat_dau_F%C3%A8rre&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modificar la seccion : Africa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edat_dau_F%C3%A8rre&action=edit&section=10" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Africa"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Articles detalhats: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edat_dau_F%C3%A8rre_africana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edat dau Fèrre africana (la pagina existís pas)">Edat dau Fèrre africana</a> e <a href="/wiki/Cultura_de_Nok" title="Cultura de Nok">Cultura de Nok</a>.</div> <p>Lo debanament de l'Edat dau Fèrre en <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> es ben conegut per lei <a href="/wiki/Civilizacion" title="Civilizacion">civilizacions</a> <a href="/wiki/Mar_Mediterran%C3%A8a" title="Mar Mediterranèa">mediterranèas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Egipte_antic" title="Egipte antic">Egipte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cartage" title="Cartage">Cartage</a>, etc.) e per <a href="/wiki/Nubia" title="Nubia">Nubia</a>. Dins aquelei cas, lo modèl <a href="/wiki/Cronologia" title="Cronologia">cronologic</a> <a href="/wiki/Eurasia" title="Eurasia">eurasiatic</a> <a href="/wiki/Edat_de_la_P%C3%A8ira" title="Edat de la Pèira">Edat de la Pèira</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edat_dau_Bronze" class="mw-redirect" title="Edat dau Bronze">Edat dau Bronze</a> e Edat dau Fèrre es present e leis evolucions socialas seguisson de mecanismes similars ai pòbles d'<a href="/wiki/Eur%C3%B2pa" title="Euròpa">Euròpa</a> e d'<a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>. En revènge, aquò es pas lo cas en <a href="/wiki/Africa_Subsahariana" class="mw-redirect" title="Africa Subsahariana">Africa Subsahariana</a> onte la transicion aguèt dirèctament luòc entre l'Edat de la Pèira e l'Edat dau Fèrre<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. De mai, lo debanament de l'Edat dau Fèrre dins aquela region es totjorn mau conegut. </p><p>Es l'objècte de doas ipotèsis opausadas<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. La premiera, dicha tèsi difusionista, privilègia una difusion progressiva a partir dei <a href="/wiki/Civilizacion" title="Civilizacion">civilizacions</a> dau nòrd dau continent (<a href="/wiki/Egipte_antic" title="Egipte antic">Egipte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nubia" title="Nubia">Nubia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cartage" title="Cartage">Cartage</a>). La segonda, dicha tèsi autoctòna, sostèn au contrari l'existéncia de fogaus d'aparicion locaus. Lo debat es polluït per de consideracions <a href="/wiki/Politica" title="Politica">politicas</a>, en particular <a href="/w/index.php?title=Afrocentrisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Afrocentrisme (la pagina existís pas)">afrocentristas</a>, e leis elements disponibles permèton pas d'aver una idèa clara de la cronologia generala dau periòde. Per complicar mai la situacion, i a tanben d'accusacions de fraudas scientificas grèvas<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>D'un biais generau, l'existéncia d'una metallurgia dau fèrre es ben atestada dins mai d'una region subsahariana a partir de <a href="/wiki/-800" class="mw-redirect" title="-800">800 avC</a>. Divèrsei descubèrtas suggerisson una existéncia anteriora e una descubèrta independenta dei tecnicas necessàrias a la fabricacion d'acier dins plusors regions diferentas, mai l'abséncia d'<a href="/wiki/Escritura" title="Escritura">escritura</a> e lei vestigis arqueologics limitats empachan de conclure. Lo cas pus conegut es la <a href="/wiki/Cultura_de_Nok" title="Cultura de Nok">cultura de Nok</a> que comencèt de produrre d'objèctes de fèrre vèrs <a href="/wiki/-800" class="mw-redirect" title="-800">800 avC</a> e venguèt lo centre d'una importanta ret d'escambis comerciaus. Aquela cultura influencièt tanben plusors regions d'<a href="/wiki/Africa_Centrala" title="Africa Centrala">Africa Centrala</a> e de <a href="/wiki/Sah%C3%A8l" title="Sahèl">Sahèl</a>. En <a href="/wiki/Africa_Orientala" class="mw-redirect" title="Africa Orientala">Africa Orientala</a>, l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Expansion_bant%C3%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Expansion bantó (la pagina existís pas)">expansion bantó</a> de <a href="/wiki/-3000" class="mw-redirect" title="-3000">3000 avC</a> a <a href="/wiki/300" class="mw-redirect" title="300">300 apC</a> es sovent presentada coma lo motor de la difusion dau trabalh dau fèrre vèrs l'<a href="/wiki/Africa_Australa" title="Africa Australa">Africa Australa</a>. Dins aquò, de descubèrtas arqueologicas e <a href="/wiki/Ling%C3%BCistica" title="Lingüistica">lingüisticas</a> nuançan aquela cronologia. Lei Protobantós avián pas lo mestritge dau fèrre, tecnica que foguèt probablament apresa per lei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bant%C3%B3s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bantós (la pagina existís pas)">Bantós</a> au contacte d'un pòble d'<a href="/wiki/Africa_Centrala" title="Africa Centrala">Africa Centrala</a> durant sei migracions<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. A partir de <a href="/wiki/400" class="mw-redirect" title="400">400 apC</a>, leis objèctes d'acier venguèron frequents dins l'espaci bantó<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="America">America</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edat_dau_F%C3%A8rre&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modificar la seccion : America" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edat_dau_F%C3%A8rre&action=edit&section=11" title="Edita el codi de la secció: America"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En <a href="/wiki/America" title="America">America</a>, la metallurgia dau fèrre demorèt desconeguda fins a l'arribada deis <a href="/wiki/Eur%C3%B2pa" title="Euròpa">Europèus</a> a la fin dau sègle XV<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Leis <a href="/wiki/Inuit" title="Inuit">Inuits</a> utilizan lo <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A8rre_meteoritic" title="Fèrre meteoritic">fèrre meteoritic</a> e lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%A8rre_natiu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fèrre natiu (la pagina existís pas)">fèrre natiu</a> per fabricar d'objèctes coma de ponchas de <a href="/wiki/Sageta" title="Sageta">sageta</a> ò de <a href="/wiki/Cot%C3%A8u" class="mw-redirect" title="Cotèu">cotèus</a><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Dins lo rèsta d'<a href="/wiki/America" title="America">America</a>, quauquei <a href="/wiki/Civilizacion" title="Civilizacion">civilizacions</a> precolombianas trabalhèron a freg de <a href="/wiki/Minerau" title="Minerau">mineraus</a> de fèrre per produrre d'objèctes decoratius. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Annèxas"><span id="Ann.C3.A8xas"></span>Annèxas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edat_dau_F%C3%A8rre&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modificar la seccion : Annèxas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edat_dau_F%C3%A8rre&action=edit&section=12" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Annèxas"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liames_intèrnes"><span id="Liames_int.C3.A8rnes"></span>Liames intèrnes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edat_dau_F%C3%A8rre&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modificar la seccion : Liames intèrnes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edat_dau_F%C3%A8rre&action=edit&section=13" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Liames intèrnes"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="-moz-column-count:3; column-count:3;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acier" class="mw-redirect" title="Acier">Acier</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultura" title="Agricultura">Agricultura</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arqueometallurgia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arqueometallurgia (la pagina existís pas)">Arqueometallurgia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aut-forn%C3%A8u&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aut-fornèu (la pagina existís pas)">Aut-fornèu</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bas-forn%C3%A8u&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bas-fornèu (la pagina existís pas)">Bas-fornèu</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carb%C3%B2ni" title="Carbòni">Carbòni</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edat_dau_Bronze" class="mw-redirect" title="Edat dau Bronze">Edat dau Bronze</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edat_de_la_P%C3%A8ira" title="Edat de la Pèira">Edat de la Pèira</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A8rre" title="Fèrre">Fèrre</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A8rre_meteoritic" title="Fèrre meteoritic">Fèrre meteoritic</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonda_(metallurgia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonda (metallurgia) (la pagina existís pas)">Fonda</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%B3pia_(siderurgia)" title="Lópia (siderurgia)">Lópia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metallurgia" title="Metallurgia">Metallurgia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minerau_de_f%C3%A8rre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minerau de fèrre (la pagina existís pas)">Minerau de fèrre</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siderurgia" title="Siderurgia">Siderurgia</a>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edat_dau_F%C3%A8rre&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Modificar la seccion : Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edat_dau_F%C3%A8rre&action=edit&section=14" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Bibliografia"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> John Collis, <i>The European Iron Age</i>, Londres, B.T. Batsford, 1984.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> William Rostoker e Bennet Bronson, « The Cast-Iron Bells of China », <i>Technology and Culture</i>, vol. 25, n° 4, 1984, pp. 750-767.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> William Rostoker e Bennet Bronson, <i>Pre-Industrial Iron: Its Technology and Ethnology</i>, Archeomaterials Monograph n° 1, 1990.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> P. L. Shinnie, <i>The African Iron Age</i>, Clarendon Press, 1971.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> Thomas Turner, <i>The Metallurgy of Iron</i>, Charles Griffin & Company, 1900.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> R. F. Tylecote, <i>A History of Metallurgy</i>, Institute of Materials, 1975.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nòtas_e_referéncias"><span id="N.C3.B2tas_e_refer.C3.A9ncias"></span>Nòtas e referéncias</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edat_dau_F%C3%A8rre&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Modificar la seccion : Nòtas e referéncias" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edat_dau_F%C3%A8rre&action=edit&section=15" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Nòtas e referéncias"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="-moz-column-count:3; column-count:3;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> Ernest-Théodore Hamy e Nicolas Mahudel, « Matériaux pour servir à l'histoire de l'archéologie préhistorique », <i>Revue archéologique</i>, n° 7, març-abriu de 1906, pp. 239-259.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> Daniel Boorstin, <i>Les Découvreurs</i>, éd. Robert Laffont, coll. « Bouquins », 1985.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> Bruce G. Trigger, <i>A history of archaeological thought</i>, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1990, p. 75.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> Charles Keith Maisels, <i>Early civilisations of the Old World : formative histories of Egypt, the Levant, Mesopotamia, India and China</i>, Londres, Routledge, 1999, p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Alemand" title="Alemand">(de)</a></b> Svend Hansen, « Von den Anfängen der prähistorischen Archäologie : Christian Jürgensen Thomsen und das Dreiperiodensystem », <i>Praehistorische Zeitschrift</i>, vol. 76, n° 1,‎ 2001, pp. 10-23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> Miguel Leon-Portilla, <i>Time and Reality in the Thought of the Maya</i>, University of Oklahoma Press, 1990.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> Nikolai Grube (dir.), <i>Les Mayas. Art et civilisation</i>, Colonha, Könemann, 2000, p. 36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> Michel Mourre, <i>Dictionnaire encyclopédique d'histoire</i>, París, Bordas, 1978, p. 1757.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> David R. Lide, <i>CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</i>, CRC Press Inc, 2009, 90<sup>a</sup> edicion.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> Hamady Bocoum, <i>Aux origines de la métallurgie du fer en Afrique</i>, UNESCO, 2002, p. 64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> Patricia Buckley Ebrey, Anne Walthall et James B. Palais, East Asia : A Cultural, Social, and Political History, Boston, Houghton Mifflin, 2005, p. 138.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Per lo <a href="/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze">bronze</a>, la valor indicada es una approximacion aplicabla ai bronzes utilizats durant l'<a href="/wiki/Antiquitat" title="Antiquitat">Antiquitat</a>. En realitat, lo ponch de fusion d'un bronze varia segon sa composicion de 830 a mai de 1 100 °C.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> Pierre Lévêque, <i>Bêtes, dieux et hommes : l'imaginaire des premières religions</i>, Messidor/Temps Actuels, 1985, p. 189.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> Jean-Pierre Mohen, <i>Métallurgie préhistorique : introduction à la paléométallurgie</i>, París, Masson, 1990, 270 p.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> Jean-Claude Margueron e Luc Pfirsch, <i>Le Proche-Orient et l'Égypte antique</i>, París, Hachette Supérieur, 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Freu_e_Mozoyer_2008-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Freu_e_Mozoyer_2008_16-0">16,0</a></sup> et <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Freu_e_Mozoyer_2008_16-1">16,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> Jacques Freu e Michel Mazoyer, <i>L'apogée du nouvel Empire hittite</i>, París, L'Harmattan, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> Madeleine Durand-Charre, <i>La microstructure des aciers et des fontes. Genèse et interprétation</i>, EDP Sciences, 2012, p. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> Patrice Brun, <i>Princes et princesses de la Celtique. Le premier âge du fer en Europe, 850-450 av. J.-C.</i>, Arle, Errance, 1987.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> Marcel Otte, Mireille David-Elbiali, Christiane Éluère e Jean-Pierre Mohen, <i>La protohistoire</i>, Brussèlas, De Boeck Université, 2008, p. 186.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> Jonathan M. Kenoyer e Heather M.-L. Miller, « Metal Technologies of the Indus Valley Tradition in Pakistan and Western India », dins V. C. Pigott (dir.), <i>The archaeometallurgy of the Asian Old World</i>, Filadèlfia, The University Museum, University of Pennsylvania, 1999, p. 121.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> Rakesh Tewari, « The origins of iron working in India: new evidence from the Central Ganga Plain and the Eastern Vindhyas », <i>Antiquity</i>, vol. 77, n° 297, Cambridge University Press, 2003, pp. 536-544.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> I. M. Diakonoff, <i>Early Antiquity</i>, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1991, p. 372.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> Madeleine Durand-Charre, <i>Les aciers damassés : Du fer primitif aux aciers modernes</i>, París, Mines Paris ParisTech Les Presses, coll. « Collection histoire et sociétés », 2007, p. 36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> Charles Higham, <i>The Bronze Age of Southeast Asia</i>, Cambridge University Press, 1999.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> Sarah Taylor, « The introduction and development of iron production in Korea: A survey », <i>World Archaeology</i>, vol. 20, n° 3, 1989, pp. 422-433.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Corean" title="Corean">(ko)</a></b> Do-heon Kim, « Samhan Sigi Jujocheolbu-eui Yutong Yangsang-e Daehan Geomto », <i>Yongnam Kogohak</i>, n° 31, 2002, pp. 1-29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> D. S. Yoon, « Early iron metallurgy in Korea". Archaeological Review from Cambridge », <i>Archaeological Review from Cambridge</i>, vol. 8, n° 1, 1989, pp. 92-99.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> I. C. Glover e B. Bellina, « Ban Don Ta Phet and Khao Sam Kaeo: The Earliest Indian Contacts Re-assessed », <i>Early Interactions between South and Southeast Asia</i>, vol. 2, 2011, pp. 17-45.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">La metallurgia dau bronze es inexistenta en <a href="/wiki/Africa_Subsahariana" class="mw-redirect" title="Africa Subsahariana">Africa Subsahariana</a> durant l'<a href="/wiki/Antiquitat" title="Antiquitat">Antiquitat</a> car lei mineraus de <a href="/wiki/Coire" title="Coire">coire</a> e d'<a href="/wiki/Estanh" title="Estanh">estanh</a> foguèron lòngtemps pas ò pauc accessibles. Una metallurgia apareguèt pus tard, mai lo bronze foguèt alora mai que mai destinat a la fabricacion d'objèctes ornamentaus. Un exemple d'aqueu tipe de metallurgia dau bronze es aquela dau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reiaume_d%27Oyo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reiaume d'Oyo (la pagina existís pas)">reiaume d'Oyo</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> S. B. Alpern, « Did they or didn’t they invent it? Iron in sub-Saharan Africa », <i>History in Africa</i>, n° 32, 2005, pp. 41-94.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Per exemple, en <a href="/wiki/2008" class="mw-redirect" title="2008">2008</a>, una fabrega descubèrta en <a href="/wiki/Republica_Centrafricana" class="mw-redirect" title="Republica Centrafricana">Republica Centrafricana</a> foguèt datada de <a href="/wiki/-2000" class="mw-redirect" title="-2000">2000 avC</a>. Pasmens, de dobtes seriós son apareguts per quant a l'estat de conservacion excepcionala dei pèças de metau descubèrtas sus lo site (H. Pringle, « Seeking Africa's first iron men », <i>Science</i>, vol. 323, n° 5911, genier de 2009, pp. 200-202).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> P. de Maret e F. Nsuka, « History of Bantu metallurgy: some linguistic aspects », <i>History in Africa</i>, vol. 4, 1977, pp. 43-65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> Jan Vansina, « Le phénomène bantou et les savants », <i>Revue française d'histoire d'outre-mer</i>, vol. 65, n° 241, 1978, pp. 543-551.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> Jan Vansina, <i>Paths in the Rainforest</i>, Madison, 1990.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Una descubèrta realizada en <a href="/wiki/2015" class="mw-redirect" title="2015">2015</a> sus un site arqueologic de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pointe_Ros%C3%A9e&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pointe Rosée (la pagina existís pas)">Pointe Rosée</a> suggerís l'existéncia d'una pichona fabrega <a href="/wiki/Viking" title="Viking">vikinga</a> sus l'illa de <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A8rran%C3%B2va" title="Tèrranòva">Tèrranòva</a> durant l'<a href="/wiki/Edat_Mejana" title="Edat Mejana">Edat Mejana</a>. Pasmens, aquò demorèt anecdotic e influencièt pas lei populacions localas (Heather Pringle, « Vikings », <i>National Geographic</i>, vol. 231, n° 3, març de 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> Vagn Fabritius Buchwald, <i>Iron and steel in ancient times</i>, Copenaga, Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, 2005.</span> </li> </ol> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Recuperada de « <a dir="ltr" href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edat_dau_Fèrre&oldid=2462968">https://oc.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edat_dau_Fèrre&oldid=2462968</a> »</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Categorias" title="Especial:Categorias">Categorias de la pagina</a> : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:P%C3%A0gines_amb_mides_d%27imatge_que_contenen_px_addicionals" title="Categoria:Pàgines amb mides d'imatge que contenen px addicionals">Pàgines amb mides d'imatge que contenen px addicionals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Article_redigit_en_proven%C3%A7au" title="Categoria:Article redigit en provençau">Article redigit en provençau</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Edat_del_F%C3%A8rre" title="Categoria:Edat del Fèrre">Edat del Fèrre</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Aquela pagina es estada modificada pel darrièr còp lo 2 febrièr de 2025 a 00.00.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright"><span style="white-space: normal"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A8dia:Drech_d%27autor" title="Wikipèdia:Drech d'autor">Drech d'autor</a> : Los tèxtes son disponibles jos <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.fr">licéncia Creative Commons paternitat pertatge a l’identic</a> ; d’autras condicions se pòdon aplicar. 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