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href="#Liames_intèrnes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Liames intèrnes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liames_intèrnes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nòtas_e_referéncias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nòtas_e_referéncias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Nòtas e referéncias</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nòtas_e_referéncias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Somari" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ans 1820</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 97 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-97" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">97 lengas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anyos_1820" title="Anyos 1820 - aragonés" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Anyos 1820" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%82%D8%AF_1820" title="عقد 1820 - arabi" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عقد 1820" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85_1820" title="عوام 1820 - arabe marocain" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="عوام 1820" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="arabe marocain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%82%D8%AF_1820" title="عقد 1820 - àrab egipci" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="عقد 1820" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="àrab egipci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9cada_del_1820" title="Década del 1820 - asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Década del 1820" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/1820-ci_ill%C9%99r" title="1820-ci illər - azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="1820-ci illər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/1820-an" title="1820-an - balinés" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="1820-an" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1820-%D1%8F" title="1820-я - belarús" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="1820-я" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/1820-%D1%8F" title="1820-я - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="1820-я" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1820-%D1%82%D0%B5" title="1820-те - bulgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="1820-те" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloavezhio%C3%B9_1820" title="Bloavezhioù 1820 - breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bloavezhioù 1820" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1820-e" title="1820-e - bosniac" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="1820-e" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A8cada_del_1820" title="Dècada del 1820 - catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dècada del 1820" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1820_ni%C3%A8ng-d%C3%A2i" title="1820 nièng-dâi - Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="1820 nièng-dâi" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1820-%D0%BC%C4%95%D1%88_%C3%A7%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="1820-мĕш çулсем - chovash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="1820-мĕш çулсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chovash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1820au" title="1820au - gal·lès" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="1820au" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gal·lès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/1820%27erne" title="1820'erne - danés" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="1820'erne" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1820er" title="1820er - alemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1820er" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_1820" title="An 1820 - Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="An 1820" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1820s" title="1820s - anglés" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="1820s" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1820-aj_jaroj" title="1820-aj jaroj - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="1820-aj jaroj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%B1os_1820" title="Años 1820 - espanhòl" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Años 1820" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhòl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1820._aastad" title="1820. aastad - estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1820. aastad" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1820ko_hamarkada" title="1820ko hamarkada - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1820ko hamarkada" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%87%D9%87_%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B2%DB%B0_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="دهه ۱۸۲۰ (میلادی) - perse" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دهه ۱۸۲۰ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1820-luku" title="1820-luku - finlandés" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1820-luku" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1820-%C3%A1rini" title="1820-árini - feroés" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="1820-árini" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1820" title="Années 1820 - francés" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Années 1820" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ans_1820" title="Ans 1820 - francoprovençal" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Ans 1820" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="francoprovençal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/1820id%C3%AD" title="1820idí - irlandés" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="1820idí" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1820%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="1820年代 - xinès gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="1820年代" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="xinès gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1820an" title="1820an - gaelic escossés" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="1820an" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelic escossés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9cada_de_1820" title="Década de 1820 - galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Década de 1820" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94-20_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%94-19" title="שנות ה-20 של המאה ה-19 - ebrèu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שנות ה-20 של המאה ה-19" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebrèu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/1820s" title="1820s - hindi de Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="1820s" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi de Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1820-ih" title="1820-ih - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="1820-ih" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1820-as_%C3%A9vek" title="1820-as évek - ongrés" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1820-as évek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ongrés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1820-an" title="1820-an - indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="1820-an" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yari_1820a" title="Yari 1820a - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Yari 1820a" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/1821-1830" title="1821-1830 - islandés" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="1821-1830" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anni_1820" title="Anni 1820 - italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Anni 1820" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1820%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="1820年代 - japonés" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1820年代" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/182moi_na%27ardekto" title="182moi na'ardekto - lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="182moi na'ardekto" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1820-an" title="1820-an - javanés" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="1820-an" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/1820-%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="1820-იანები - georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="1820-იანები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1820%EB%85%84%EB%8C%80" title="1820년대 - corean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1820년대" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="corean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1820-%D3%A7%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%81" title="1820-ӧд вояс - komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="1820-ӧд вояс" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anni_1820" title="Anni 1820 - latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Anni 1820" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anni_1820" title="Anni 1820 - lígur" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Anni 1820" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="lígur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1820._gadi" title="1820. gadi - leton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1820. gadi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="leton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1820-%D1%82%D0%B8" title="1820-ти - macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="1820-ти" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8.%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%95" title="इ.स.चे १८२० चे दशक - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स.चे १८२० चे दशक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1820-an" title="1820-an - malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="1820-an" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1820_%D1%86%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C" title="1820 це иеть - mordovià erza" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="1820 це иеть" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="mordovià erza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1820s" title="1820s - Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="1820s" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1820-1829" title="1820-1829 - neerlandés" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1820-1829" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/1820-%C3%A5rene" title="1820-årene - norvegian bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="1820-årene" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegian bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna%C3%A9es_1820" title="Annaées 1820 - Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Annaées 1820" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/1820s" title="1820s - sotho septentrional" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="1820s" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="sotho septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1820-lugu_vuvvet" title="1820-lugu vuvvet - Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="1820-lugu vuvvet" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/1820-%D1%82%C3%A6" title="1820-тæ - osseta" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="1820-тæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osseta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1820_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE" title="1820 ਦਾ ਦਹਾਕਾ - punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="1820 ਦਾ ਦਹਾਕਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lata_20._XIX_wieku" title="Lata 20. XIX wieku - polonés" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Lata 20. XIX wieku" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9cada_de_1820" title="Década de 1820 - portugués" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Década de 1820" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1820_watakuna" title="1820 watakuna - quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="1820 watakuna" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anii_1820" title="Anii 1820 - romanés" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Anii 1820" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1820-%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="1820-е годы - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1820-е годы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1820-%D1%81" title="1820-с - iacut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="1820-с" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iacut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1820ini" title="1820ini - sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="1820ini" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/1820-lohku" title="1820-lohku - sami septentrional" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="1820-lohku" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="sami septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1820-e" title="1820-e - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="1820-e" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1820s" title="1820s - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1820s" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/20._roky_19._storo%C4%8Dia" title="20. roky 19. storočia - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="20. roky 19. storočia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1820." title="1820. - eslovèn" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="1820." data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovèn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitet_1820" title="Vitet 1820 - albanés" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Vitet 1820" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1820-%D0%B5" title="1820-е - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="1820-е" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/1820-an" title="1820-an - sondanès" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="1820-an" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sondanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1820-talet" title="1820-talet - suedés" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1820-talet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miaka_ya_1820" title="Miaka ya 1820 - swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Miaka ya 1820" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/1820%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="1820கள் - tamol" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="1820கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B0%D0%B8_1820_(%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D3%A3)" title="Даҳаи 1820 (мелодӣ) - tajic" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Даҳаи 1820 (мелодӣ)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tajic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A9_1820" title="คริสต์ทศวรรษ 1820 - tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คริสต์ทศวรรษ 1820" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1820%C3%BD%C3%BD" title="1820ýý - turcmèn" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="1820ýý" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turcmèn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1820%27ler" title="1820'ler - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1820'ler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1820-%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="1820-еллар - tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="1820-еллар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1820-%D1%82%D1%96" title="1820-ті - ucrainés" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="1820-ті" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucrainés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1820%D8%A1_%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="1820ء کی دہائی - ordó" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1820ء کی دہائی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ordó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1820-lar" title="1820-lar - ozbèc" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1820-lar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ozbèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%ADp_ni%C3%AAn_1820" title="Thập niên 1820 - vietnamian" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thập niên 1820" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%C3%AAyes_1820" title="Anêyes 1820 - való" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Anêyes 1820" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="való" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/1820_nga_dekada" title="1820 nga dekada - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="1820 nga dekada" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1820%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="1820年代 - xinès wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="1820年代" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="xinès wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1820-%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="1820-იანეფი - mingrelià" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="1820-იანეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1820%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="1820ער - yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="1820ער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1820%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="1820年代 - chinés" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1820年代" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1820_n%C3%AE-t%C4%81i" title="1820 nî-tāi - xinès min del sud" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1820 nî-tāi" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="xinès min del sud" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1820%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="1820年代 - 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dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2444490">.mw-parser-output .infobox{background:#f9f9f9;color:#000;font-size:90%;line-height:1.6em;float:right;clear:right;margin:.5em 0 .5em 1em;width:23.7em;border:1px solid #c2c2c1;border-spacing:5px}.mw-parser-output .infobox td,.mw-parser-output .infobox th{vertical-align:super;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .infobox caption{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered{border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered th{border:1px solid #c2c2c1}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless th{border:0}@media only screen and (max-width:600px){.mw-parser-output .infobox{border:1px solid #e7e7e7}}.mw-parser-output .infobox-showbutton button,.mw-parser-output .infobox-showbutton .mw-collapsible-text{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow td,.mw-parser-output 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0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia .maptable td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia .maptable th{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-geografia-text{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-geografia-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-geografia-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style> <table class="infobox" style="border-spacing:3.8px;"><caption class="" style="font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; background-color: #ACE1AF; font-size:17px; padding:3px;"><span style="float:left;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Infotaula de decenni"><img alt="Infotaula de decenni" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Kalendaro.svg/17px-Kalendaro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Kalendaro.svg/26px-Kalendaro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Kalendaro.svg/34px-Kalendaro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="1052" /></span></span></span>Ans 1820</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:1823-Ball-Gown-Diaphanous-Overskirt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/1823-Ball-Gown-Diaphanous-Overskirt.jpg/185px-1823-Ball-Gown-Diaphanous-Overskirt.jpg" decoding="async" width="185" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/1823-Ball-Gown-Diaphanous-Overskirt.jpg/277px-1823-Ball-Gown-Diaphanous-Overskirt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/1823-Ball-Gown-Diaphanous-Overskirt.jpg/369px-1823-Ball-Gown-Diaphanous-Overskirt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="473" data-file-height="768" /></a></span> </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; width:35%; background:#eeeeee;">Sègles</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8gle_XVIII" title="Sègle XVIII">sègle <span title="Nombre escrit en chifras romanas" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xviii</span></a> - <b><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8gle_XIX" title="Sègle XIX">sègle <span title="Nombre escrit en chifras romanas" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xix</span></a></b> - <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8gle_XX" title="Sègle XX">sègle <span title="Nombre escrit en chifras romanas" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xx</span></a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; width:35%; background:#eeeeee;">Decennis</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/Ans_1790" title="Ans 1790">1790</a> - <a href="/wiki/Ans_1800" title="Ans 1800">1800</a> - <a href="/wiki/Ans_1810" title="Ans 1810">1810</a> - <b>1820</b> - <a href="/wiki/Ans_1830" title="Ans 1830">1830</a> - <a href="/wiki/Ans_1840" title="Ans 1840">1840</a> - <a href="/wiki/Ans_1850" title="Ans 1850">1850</a></td></tr><tr><td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px #AAAAAA solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;"><a class="external text" href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ans_1820&action=edit&section=0"><span style="color:#555;">modificar</span></a></span> <span title="Consultatz la documentacion del modèl"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8l:Error_d%27escript_:_lo_modul_%C2%AB_Wikidades_%C2%BB_exist%C3%ADs_pas." title="Consultatz la documentacion del modèl"><img alt="Consultatz la documentacion del modèl" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span></td> </tr></tbody></table> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Istòria"><span id="Ist.C3.B2ria"></span>Istòria</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ans_1820&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modificar la seccion : Istòria" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ans_1820&action=edit&section=1" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Istòria"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>1820</b> : dins lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reiaume_Merina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reiaume Merina (la pagina existís pas)">Reiaume Merina</a>, lo rèi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Radama_I%C3%A8r&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radama Ièr (la pagina existís pas)">Radama I<sup>èr</sup></a> decidèt de renfòrçar lei liames amb lo <a href="/wiki/Reialme_Unit" title="Reialme Unit">Reiaume Unit</a> en autorizant l'implantacion de missions <a href="/wiki/Protestantisme" title="Protestantisme">protestantas</a>. Aprofichèt aquela concession per obtenir l'ajuda necessària a la creacion d'una armada modèrna de 15 000 òmes (importacion de <a href="/wiki/Fusiu" title="Fusiu">fusius</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Canon" title="Canon">canons</a> e de <a href="/wiki/Cavau" class="mw-redirect" title="Cavau">cavaus</a> europèus). <br /> </p> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plan_d%27Iguala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plan d'Iguala (la pagina existís pas)">Plan d'Iguala</a>.</div> <p><b>1820-1821</b> : en <a href="/wiki/Mexic" title="Mexic">Mexic</a>, mandadís dau coronèu <a href="/wiki/Augustin_I%C3%A8r_de_Mexic" title="Augustin Ièr de Mexic">Augustin de Iturbide</a> còntra l'insureccion independentista locala. Pasmens, Iturbide preferiguèt negociar un acòrd amb leis insurgents en febrier de <a href="/wiki/1821" class="mw-redirect" title="1821">1821</a>. Dich <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plan_d%27Iguala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plan d'Iguala (la pagina existís pas)">plan d'Iguala</a>, prevesiá la formacion d'un Empèri de Mexic independent dirigit per lo rèi <a href="/wiki/Ferrand_VII_d%27Espanha" title="Ferrand VII d'Espanha">Ferdinand VII</a> ò un prince de son ostau. Lo <a href="/wiki/Catolicisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Catolicisme">catolicisme</a> demorava <a href="/wiki/Religion_d%27Estat" title="Religion d'Estat">religion d'Estat</a> e la <a href="/wiki/Gl%C3%A8isa_Catolica_Romana" title="Glèisa Catolica Romana">Glèisa</a> gardava sei bens e sei privilègis. Enfin, l'egalitat juridica èra establida. Iturbide e Guerrero jonhèron sei tropas e, en aost, lei leialistas <a href="/wiki/Espanha" title="Espanha">espanhòus</a> foguèron vencuts e obligats d'acceptar lo plan. En setembre, <a href="/wiki/Augustin_I%C3%A8r_de_Mexic" title="Augustin Ièr de Mexic">Iturbide</a> venguèt president d'una <a href="/wiki/Reg%C3%A9ncia" title="Regéncia">regéncia</a>. <br /> <b>1821</b> : invasion e annexion dau <a href="/wiki/Sultanat_de_Sennar" title="Sultanat de Sennar">Sultanat de Sennar</a> per leis <a href="/wiki/Egipte" title="Egipte">Egipcians</a> que rescontrèron gaire de resisténcia. <br /> <b>1821</b> : en <a href="/wiki/Antartida" title="Antartida">Antartida</a>, descubèrta de l'<a href="/wiki/Illa_Alexandre" title="Illa Alexandre">Illa Alexandre</a>, pus importanta illa dau continent, per una expedicion <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">russa</a> menada per <a href="/wiki/Fabian_Gottlieb_von_Bellingshausen" title="Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen">Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen</a> (<a href="/wiki/1778" class="mw-redirect" title="1778">1778</a>-<a href="/wiki/1852" class="mw-redirect" title="1852">1852</a>). <br /> <b>1821</b> : començament de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gu%C3%A8rra_d%27Independ%C3%A9ncia_de_Gr%C3%A8cia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guèrra d'Independéncia de Grècia (la pagina existís pas)">Guèrra d'Independéncia de Grècia</a>. <br /> <b>1822</b> : refús dau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plan_d%27Iguala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plan d'Iguala (la pagina existís pas)">plan d'Iguala</a> per lo rèi <a href="/wiki/Espanha" title="Espanha">espanhòu</a> <a href="/wiki/Ferrand_VII_d%27Espanha" title="Ferrand VII d'Espanha">Ferdinand VII</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mexic" title="Mexic">Mexic</a> foguèt alora sensa cap d'estat fins a la proclamacion d'<a href="/wiki/Augustin_I%C3%A8r_de_Mexic" title="Augustin Ièr de Mexic">Augustin d'Iturbide</a> coma emperaire dau país per mantenir un <a href="/wiki/Monarquia" title="Monarquia">regime monarquic</a>. Lei sièis províncias de la capitanariá generala de <a href="/wiki/Ciutat_de_Guatemala" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciutat de Guatemala">Guatemala</a> jonhèron l'Empèri franc dau <a href="/wiki/Lo_Salvador" title="Lo Salvador">Salvador</a> qu'assaièt de resistir mai foguèt finalament conquistat après una brèva campanha militara. Pasmens, lo foncionament autoritari dau regime suscitèt una oposicion importanta, rapidament renfòrçada per la crisi financiera de l'<a href="/wiki/Estat" title="Estat">estat</a> novèu. <br /> <b>1823</b> : aprofichant lo declin de la ciutat-estat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reiaume_d%27Oyo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reiaume d'Oyo (la pagina existís pas)">d'Oyo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dahomey" class="mw-redirect" title="Dahomey">Dahomey</a> restabiguèt son <a href="/wiki/Independ%C3%A9ncia" title="Independéncia">independéncia</a>. <br /> <b>1823</b> : en <a href="/wiki/Mexic" title="Mexic">Mexic</a>, capitada d'un <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B2p_d%27estat" title="Còp d'estat">còp d'estat</a> organizat per lo <a href="/wiki/Coron%C3%A8u" title="Coronèu">coronèu</a> <a href="/wiki/Antonio_L%C3%B3pez_de_Santa_Anna" title="Antonio López de Santa Anna">Antonio López de Santa Anna</a> còntra lo regime autoritari de l'emperaire <a href="/wiki/Augustin_I%C3%A8r_de_Mexic" title="Augustin Ièr de Mexic">Augustin I<sup>èr</sup></a>. Augustin foguèt obligat d'abdicar e de s'<a href="/wiki/Exili" title="Exili">exilar</a>. Per remplaçar l'Empèri, una <a href="/wiki/Republica" title="Republica">republica</a> foguèt proclamada que deguèt rapidament faciar una instabilitat politica recurrenta fins ais <a href="/wiki/Ans_1870" title="Ans 1870">ans 1870</a>. D'autra part, dins lo sud, lei províncias d'America Centrala aprofichèron la situacion per proclamar son independéncia. <br /> <b>1824</b> : en <a href="/wiki/Mexic" title="Mexic">Mexic</a>, temptativa d'<a href="/wiki/Augustin_I%C3%A8r_de_Mexic" title="Augustin Ièr de Mexic">Augustin I<sup>èr</sup></a> de reconquistar son tròne. Pasmens, foguèt capturat e fusilhat. <br /> <b>1824</b> : independéncia de <a href="/wiki/Per%C3%B3" title="Peró">Peró</a> amb l'arribada de l'armada dau generau <a href="/wiki/Sim%C3%B3n_Bol%C3%ADvar" title="Simón Bolívar">Simón Bolívar</a> a <a href="/wiki/Lima" title="Lima">Lima</a>. Nomat dictator per lo Congrès perovian (10 de febrier), ataquèt amb l'ajuda dau generau <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Jos%C3%A9_de_Sucre" title="Antonio José de Sucre">Sucre</a> lei darrierei fòrças <a href="/wiki/Espanha" title="Espanha">espanhòlas</a> d'<a href="/wiki/America_del_Sud" title="America del Sud">America dau Sud</a>. Sei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Batalha_de_Jun%C3%ADn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Batalha de Junín (la pagina existís pas)">victòrias de Junín</a> (6 d'aost) e de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Batalha_d%27Ayacucho&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Batalha d'Ayacucho (la pagina existís pas)">Ayacucho</a> (9 de decembre) li permetèron de rompre aquelei fòrças e d'acabar victoriosament la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gu%C3%A8rra_d%27Independ%C3%A9ncia_de_Per%C3%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guèrra d'Independéncia de Peró (la pagina existís pas)">Guèrra d'Independéncia de Peró</a>. <br /> <b>1824</b> : abolicion de l'<a href="/wiki/Esclavatge" title="Esclavatge">esclavatge</a> per la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Federala_d%27America_Centrala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Republica Federala d'America Centrala (la pagina existís pas)">Republica Federala d'America Centrala</a>. <br /> <b>1825</b> : en <a href="/wiki/Japon" title="Japon">Japon</a>, renforçament de la politica <a href="/wiki/Isolacionisme" title="Isolacionisme">isolacionista</a> dau país amb l'adopcion d'un decret ordonant a l'<a href="/wiki/Artilhari%C3%A1" title="Artilhariá">artilhariá</a> <a href="/wiki/Japon" title="Japon">japonesa</a> de tirar sus totei lei <a href="/wiki/Naviri" title="Naviri">naviris</a> estrangiers passant lòng dau <a href="/wiki/Litorau" title="Litorau">litorau</a> (→ <a href="/wiki/1837" class="mw-redirect" title="1837">1837</a>, <a href="/wiki/1842" class="mw-redirect" title="1842">1842</a>). <br /> <b>1826</b> : sostengut per la populacion, lo sultan otoman <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmud_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahmud II (la pagina existís pas)">Mahmud II</a> ordonèt la dissolucion e lo chaple dei <a href="/wiki/Janissari" title="Janissari">janissaris</a> (120 000 mòrts). L'objectiu èra de permetre la modernizacion de l'<a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Otoman" title="Empèri Otoman">Empèri</a> en eliminant un important bastion conservator. <br /> <b>1826</b> : fondacion dins l'estat de <a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a> de la premiera societat de lucha còntra la consomacion d'<a href="/wiki/Alc%C3%B2l" title="Alcòl">alcòl</a> (<i>Societat de promocion de la temperància</i>). Èra la consequéncia de la consumacion importanta d'<a href="/wiki/Alc%C3%B2l" title="Alcòl">alcòl</a> au sen de la societat estatsunidenca dempuei l'<a href="/wiki/Independ%C3%A9ncia" title="Independéncia">independéncia</a>, especialament entre lei classas popularas <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Aquelei societats anavan venir lo pielon dau premier periòde proïbicionista <a href="/wiki/USA" class="mw-redirect" title="USA">estatsunidenc</a>. <br /> <b>1826-1828</b> : <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gu%C3%A8rra_Russop%C3%A8rsa_de_1826-1828&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guèrra Russopèrsa de 1826-1828 (la pagina existís pas)">guèrra Russopèrsa de 1826-1828</a>. Aprofichant l'interès de <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> per <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A8cia" title="Grècia">Grècia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Pèrsia</a> ataquèt en <a href="/wiki/Cauc%C3%A0s" title="Caucàs">Caucàs</a>. Pasmens, lo conflicte s'acabèt amb una victòria russa e la signatura dau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tractat_de_Turkmanchai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tractat de Turkmanchai (la pagina existís pas)">Tractat de Turkmanchai</a>. Pèrsia perdèt lei khanats d'<a href="/wiki/Erevan" title="Erevan">Erevan</a> e de Nakhichevan, deguèt pagar una indemnitat importanta e deguèt autorizar la circulacion liura dei marchands rus en Pèrsia e sus la <a href="/wiki/Mar_Caspiana" title="Mar Caspiana">Mar Caspiana</a>. <br /> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Russians_at_navarino.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Russians_at_navarino.jpg/220px-Russians_at_navarino.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Russians_at_navarino.jpg/330px-Russians_at_navarino.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Russians_at_navarino.jpg/440px-Russians_at_navarino.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1883" data-file-height="1300" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pintura" title="Pintura">Pintura</a> representant la <a href="/wiki/Batalha_de_Navarin" title="Batalha de Navarin">batalha de Navarin</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>1827</b> : après la violenta reconquista <a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Otoman" title="Empèri Otoman">otomana</a> d'<a href="/wiki/Atenas" title="Atenas">Atenas</a>, lo <a href="/wiki/Reialme_Unit" title="Reialme Unit">Reiaume Unit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a> e <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> prepausèron una mediacion per reglar lo conflicte grèc. Puei, après un refús de part de <a href="/wiki/Constantin%C3%B2ble" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantinòble">Constantinòble</a>, realizèron una demonstracion de fòrça amb la destruccion de la flòta turca estacionada a <a href="/wiki/Batalha_de_Navarin" title="Batalha de Navarin">Navarin</a> (60 naviris turcs destruchs, 6 000 marins tuats) (→ <a href="/wiki/1828" class="mw-redirect" title="1828">1828</a>). <br /> <b>1828-1829</b> : implicacion dirècta de <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a> e de <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> dins la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gu%C3%A8rra_d%27Independ%C3%A9ncia_de_Gr%C3%A8cia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guèrra d'Independéncia de Grècia (la pagina existís pas)">Guèrra d'Independéncia de Grècia</a>. En particular, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> ataquèt en <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> ont una guèrra majora comencèt. Batuts, leis Otomans deguèron negociar e cedir ai Rus divèrsei territòris en <a href="/wiki/Cauc%C3%A0s" title="Caucàs">Caucàs</a>. En <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A8cia" title="Grècia">Grècia</a>, de negociacions comencèron tanben per organizar l'independéncia dau país (→ <a href="/wiki/1832" class="mw-redirect" title="1832">1832</a>). <br /> <b>1828</b> : en <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B2rt" title="Mòrt">mòrt</a> dau rèi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Radama_I%C3%A8r&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radama Ièr (la pagina existís pas)">Radama I<sup>èr</sup></a> que foguèt remplaçat per sa frema <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ranavalona_I%C3%A8ra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ranavalona Ièra (la pagina existís pas)">Ranavalona I<sup>èra</sup></a>. Au contrari de son marit, adoptèt una politica conservatritz que son aisse principau èra lo mantenement de la societat e de la religion tradicionalas. <br /> <b>1829</b> : darriera temptativa <a href="/wiki/Espanha" title="Espanha">espanhòla</a> de reconquistar <a href="/wiki/Mexic" title="Mexic">Mexic</a> amb un desbarcament dins la region de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tampico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tampico (la pagina existís pas)">Tampico</a>. Pasmens, l'expedicion foguèt batuda per lei fòrças dau <a href="/wiki/Generau" title="Generau">generau</a> <a href="/wiki/Antonio_L%C3%B3pez_de_Santa_Anna" title="Antonio López de Santa Anna">Santa Anna</a>. Aqueu darrier poguèt organizar un còp d'Estat e prendre lo poder. <br /> <b>1829</b> : en <a href="/wiki/Japon" title="Japon">Japon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Incendi" title="Incendi">incendi</a> d'<a href="/wiki/T%C3%B2quio" title="Tòquio">Edo</a> (2 800 mòrts, 370 000 bastiments destruchs). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultura">Cultura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ans_1820&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modificar la seccion : Cultura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ans_1820&action=edit&section=2" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Cultura"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sciéncias_e_tecnicas"><span id="Sci.C3.A9ncias_e_tecnicas"></span>Sciéncias e tecnicas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ans_1820&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modificar la seccion : Sciéncias e tecnicas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ans_1820&action=edit&section=3" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Sciéncias e tecnicas"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>1820</b> : descubèrta d'una relacion entre <a href="/wiki/Electricitat" title="Electricitat">electricitat</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnetisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magnetisme (la pagina existís pas)">magnetisme</a> per lo sabent <a href="/wiki/Danemarc" title="Danemarc">danés</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Orsted&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christian Orsted (la pagina existís pas)">Christian Orsted</a> (<a href="/wiki/1777" class="mw-redirect" title="1777">1777</a>-<a href="/wiki/1851" class="mw-redirect" title="1851">1851</a>) durant una experiéncia d'estudi de la deviacion d'una agulha <a href="/wiki/Aimant" class="mw-redirect" title="Aimant">aimantada</a> per un <a href="/wiki/Corrent_electric" title="Corrent electric">corrent electric</a>. Aquò marquèt l'aparicion de l'<a href="/wiki/Electromagnetisme" title="Electromagnetisme">electromagnetisme</a> que foguèt definitivament fondat per <a href="/wiki/James_Clerk_Maxwell" title="James Clerk Maxwell">James Clerk Maxwell</a> en <a href="/wiki/1864" class="mw-redirect" title="1864">1864</a>. <br /> <b>1821</b> : descubèrta de l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Efiech_termoelectric&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Efiech termoelectric (la pagina existís pas)">efiech termoelectric</a> per <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Johann_Seebeck&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Johann Seebeck (la pagina existís pas)">Thomas Johann Seebeck</a> (<a href="/wiki/1770" class="mw-redirect" title="1770">1770</a>-<a href="/wiki/1831" class="mw-redirect" title="1831">1831</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Aquò es la premiera mencion d'una observacion d'un fenomèn liat a un <a href="/wiki/Semiconductor" title="Semiconductor">semiconductor</a>. <br /> <b>1822</b> : premiera demonstracion de la possibilitat de crear una <a href="/wiki/Maquina" title="Maquina">maquina</a> <a href="/wiki/Electricitat" title="Electricitat">electrica</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%B2da_de_Barlow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ròda de Barlow (la pagina existís pas)">Ròda de Barlow</a>) per lo <a href="/wiki/Fisica" title="Fisica">fisician</a> e lo <a href="/wiki/Matematicas" title="Matematicas">matematician</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Barlow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Barlow (la pagina existís pas)">Peter Barlow</a> (<a href="/wiki/1776" class="mw-redirect" title="1776">1776</a>-<a href="/wiki/1862" class="mw-redirect" title="1862">1862</a>). Pasmens, aquela maquina mancava de poissança e lo premier generator d'electricitat que trobèt d'aplicacions apareguèt pas avans <a href="/wiki/1832" class="mw-redirect" title="1832">1832</a>. <br /> <b>1822</b> : realizacion de la premiera fotografia vertadiera per lo <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">Francés</a> <a href="/wiki/Nic%C3%A9phore_Ni%C3%A9pce" title="Nicéphore Niépce">Nicéphore Niépce</a> (<a href="/wiki/1765" class="mw-redirect" title="1765">1765</a>-<a href="/wiki/1833" class="mw-redirect" title="1833">1833</a>). Pasmens, lo clichat foguèt rapidament destruch car son autor assaièt – sensa succès – de lo pintar. <a href="/wiki/Nic%C3%A9phore_Ni%C3%A9pce" title="Nicéphore Niépce">Niépce</a> contunièt sei recèrcas qu'anavan li permetre de melhorar son sistèma de presa d'imatges quatre a cinc ans pus tard (→ <a href="/wiki/1826" class="mw-redirect" title="1826">1826</a>-<a href="/wiki/1827" class="mw-redirect" title="1827">1827</a>). <br /> <b>1823</b> : desvolopament dau premier radiator permetent de refrejar un motor per l'<a href="/wiki/Engenhari%C3%A1" title="Engenhariá">engenhaire</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Brown&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel Brown (la pagina existís pas)">Samuel Brown</a>. Pasmens, lo premier radiator eficaç foguèt solament inventat en <a href="/wiki/1897" class="mw-redirect" title="1897">1897</a>. <br /> <b>1823</b> : descubèrta de <a href="/wiki/Silici" title="Silici">silici</a> per lo quimista <a href="/wiki/Su%C3%A8cia" title="Suècia">suedés</a> <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius" title="Jöns Jacob Berzelius">Jöns Jacob Berzelius</a> (<a href="/wiki/1779" class="mw-redirect" title="1779">1779</a>-<a href="/wiki/1848" class="mw-redirect" title="1848">1848</a>). <br /> </p> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/wiki/Termodinamica" title="Termodinamica">Termodinamica</a>.</div> <p><b>1824</b> : lo fisician <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">francés</a> <a href="/wiki/Sadi_Carnot_(fisician)" title="Sadi Carnot (fisician)">Sadi Carnot</a> (<a href="/wiki/1796" class="mw-redirect" title="1796">1796</a>-<a href="/wiki/1832" class="mw-redirect" title="1832">1832</a>) publiquèt lo resultat de seis estudis dei maquinas termicas. I afiermèt lo possibilitat de produrre una energia mecanica a partir d'un transferiment de calor. Aquò marquèt l'aparicion de la <a href="/wiki/Termodinamica" title="Termodinamica">termodinamica</a> que foguèt definitivament fondada dins lo corrent dau sègle per <a href="/wiki/William_Thomson,_Lord_Kelvin" title="William Thomson, Lord Kelvin">Kelvin</a>. <br /> <b>1826</b> : demonstracion dau matematician <a href="/wiki/Norv%C3%A8gia" title="Norvègia">norvegian</a> <a href="/wiki/Niels_Henrik_Abel" title="Niels Henrik Abel">Niels Henrik Abel</a> (<a href="/wiki/1802" class="mw-redirect" title="1802">1802</a>-<a href="/wiki/1829" class="mw-redirect" title="1829">1829</a>) a prepaus de l'impossibilitat de trobar un metòde generau de resolucion d'una <a href="/wiki/Equacion" title="Equacion">equacion</a> dau cinquen gras. <br /> <b>1826</b> : premiera realizacion d'una <a href="/w/index.php?title=Endosc%C3%B2pia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Endoscòpia (la pagina existís pas)">endoscòpia</a> per lo mètge <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">francés</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Solomon_S%C3%A9galas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre Solomon Ségalas (la pagina existís pas)">Pierre Solomon Ségalas</a> (<a href="/wiki/1792" class="mw-redirect" title="1792">1792</a>-<a href="/wiki/1875" class="mw-redirect" title="1875">1875</a>) que capitèt d'observar l'interior d'una <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bofiga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bofiga (la pagina existís pas)">bofiga</a> amb un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Espec%C3%BAlum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Especúlum (la pagina existís pas)">especúlum</a> esclairat per de <a href="/wiki/Cand%C3%A8la" title="Candèla">candèlas</a>. <br /> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:View_from_the_Window_at_Le_Gras,_Joseph_Nic%C3%A9phore_Ni%C3%A9pce.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/View_from_the_Window_at_Le_Gras%2C_Joseph_Nic%C3%A9phore_Ni%C3%A9pce.jpg/220px-View_from_the_Window_at_Le_Gras%2C_Joseph_Nic%C3%A9phore_Ni%C3%A9pce.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/View_from_the_Window_at_Le_Gras%2C_Joseph_Nic%C3%A9phore_Ni%C3%A9pce.jpg/330px-View_from_the_Window_at_Le_Gras%2C_Joseph_Nic%C3%A9phore_Ni%C3%A9pce.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/View_from_the_Window_at_Le_Gras%2C_Joseph_Nic%C3%A9phore_Ni%C3%A9pce.jpg/440px-View_from_the_Window_at_Le_Gras%2C_Joseph_Nic%C3%A9phore_Ni%C3%A9pce.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2597" data-file-height="1805" /></a><figcaption>Lo <i><a href="/wiki/Ponch_de_vista_dau_Gras" title="Ponch de vista dau Gras">Ponch de vista dau Gras</a></i>, fotografia pus anciana coneguda a l'ora d'ara.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>1826-1827</b> : realizacion de fotografias per <a href="/wiki/Nic%C3%A9phore_Ni%C3%A9pce" title="Nicéphore Niépce">Nicéphore Niépce</a> amb un sistèma format d'una <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chambra_sorna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chambra sorna (la pagina existís pas)">chambra sorna</a>, d'una lentilha e d'una placa cubèrta d'una substància fotosensibla principalament facha de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Betum_de_Jud%C3%A8a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Betum de Judèa (la pagina existís pas)">betum de Judèa</a>. En particular, realizèt la fotografia pus anciana coneguda a l'ora d'ara (lo <i><a href="/wiki/Ponch_de_vista_dau_Gras" title="Ponch de vista dau Gras">Ponch de vista dau Gras</a></i>). <br /> <b>1827</b> : prepausicion de l'<a href="/wiki/Engenhari%C3%A1" title="Engenhariá">engenhaire</a> e <a href="/wiki/Matematicas" title="Matematicas">matematician</a> <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">francés</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Victor_Poncelet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Victor Poncelet (la pagina existís pas)">Jean-Victor Poncelet</a> (<a href="/wiki/1788" class="mw-redirect" title="1788">1788</a>-<a href="/wiki/1867" class="mw-redirect" title="1867">1867</a>) de modificacion de la fòrma dei palas dei <a href="/wiki/R%C3%B2da" title="Ròda">ròdas</a> dei <a href="/wiki/Molin_d%27aiga" title="Molin d'aiga">molins d'aiga</a>. Aquò permetèt d'aumentar lo rendement dei ròdas de 30% a 60%. Pasmens, lo modèl de ròda Poncelet foguèt pas construch avans la fin deis <a href="/wiki/Ans_1830" title="Ans 1830">ans 1830</a>. <br /> <b>1827</b> : descubèrta de la <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A8i_d%27Ohm" title="Lèi d'Ohm">lèi fondamentala</a> de l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Electrocinetica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Electrocinetica (la pagina existís pas)">electrocinetica</a> que porta son nom per <a href="/wiki/Georg_Simon_Ohm" title="Georg Simon Ohm">Georg Simon Ohm</a> (<a href="/wiki/1789" class="mw-redirect" title="1789">1789</a>-<a href="/wiki/1854" class="mw-redirect" title="1854">1854</a>). Pasmens, aquò foguèt alora totalament ignorat per la comunautat scientifica e la lèi foguèt tornarmai descubèrta per <a href="/w/index.php?title=Claude_Pouillet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Claude Pouillet (la pagina existís pas)">Claude Pouillet</a> en <a href="/wiki/1834" class="mw-redirect" title="1834">1834</a> qu'ignorava tenir un predecessor. <br /> </p> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_W%C3%B6hler" title="Friedrich Wöhler">Friedrich Wöhler</a>.</div> <p><b>1828</b> : premiera sintèsi d'<a href="/wiki/Ur%C3%A8a" title="Urèa">urèa</a> per lo quimista <a href="/wiki/Alemanha" title="Alemanha">alemand</a> <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_W%C3%B6hler" title="Friedrich Wöhler">Friedrich Wöhler</a> (<a href="/wiki/1800" class="mw-redirect" title="1800">1800</a>-<a href="/wiki/1882" class="mw-redirect" title="1882">1882</a>). Aquò marquèt una evolucion fòrça importanta dins l'istòria de la quimia car demostrèt la possibilitat de formar de moleculas naturalas d'un biais sintetic. <br /> <b>1828</b> : per melhorar la produccion deis auts fornèus, depaus per l'<a href="/wiki/Esc%C3%B2cia" title="Escòcia">Escocés</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Beaumont_Neilson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Beaumont Neilson (la pagina existís pas)">James Beaumont Neilson</a> (<a href="/wiki/1792" class="mw-redirect" title="1792">1792</a>-<a href="/wiki/1865" class="mw-redirect" title="1865">1865</a>) d'un brevet depintant un procès de caufatge de l'èr utilizat dins l'installacion. Eissit d'una idèa apareguda mai d'un còp dempuei <a href="/wiki/1799" class="mw-redirect" title="1799">1799</a>, demostrèt rapidament son interès e entraïnèt divèrseis estudis sus lei gas observats dins un aut fornèu. <br /> <b>1829</b> : premiera definicion modèrna de l'<a href="/wiki/Energia_cinetica" title="Energia cinetica">energia cinetica</a>. Foguèt prepausada per <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaspard-Gustave_de_Coriolis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaspard-Gustave de Coriolis (la pagina existís pas)">Gaspard-Gustave de Coriolis</a> (<a href="/wiki/1792" class="mw-redirect" title="1792">1792</a>-<a href="/wiki/1843" class="mw-redirect" title="1843">1843</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. <br /> <b>1829</b> : ja autor de l'invencion d'una maquina e dau premier radiator permetent de refrejar un motor en <a href="/wiki/1823" class="mw-redirect" title="1823">1823</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Engenhari%C3%A1" title="Engenhariá">engenhaire</a> <a href="/wiki/Reialme_Unit" title="Reialme Unit">britanic</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Brown&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel Brown (la pagina existís pas)">Samuel Brown</a> menèt dins lo corrent de l'annada una tiera d'experiéncias sus la propulsion amb un motor de combustion intèrna. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Decès"><span id="Dec.C3.A8s"></span>Decès</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ans_1820&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modificar la seccion : Decès" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ans_1820&action=edit&section=4" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Decès"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="-moz-column-count:3; column-count:3;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Niels_Henrik_Abel" title="Niels Henrik Abel">Niels Henrik Abel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matematicas" title="Matematicas">matematician</a> <a href="/wiki/Norv%C3%A8gia" title="Norvègia">norvegian</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams</a>, president <a href="/wiki/USA" class="mw-redirect" title="USA">estatsunidenc</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustin_I%C3%A8r_de_Mexic" title="Augustin Ièr de Mexic">Augustin I<sup>èr</sup></a>, emperaire de <a href="/wiki/Mexic" title="Mexic">Mexic</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claude_Louis_Berthollet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Claude Louis Berthollet (la pagina existís pas)">Claude Louis Berthollet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quimia" title="Quimia">quimista</a> <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">francés</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Gordon_Byron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Gordon Byron (la pagina existís pas)">George Gordon Byron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poesia" title="Poesia">poèta</a> <a href="/wiki/Anglat%C3%A8rra" title="Anglatèrra">anglés</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Charles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacques Charles (la pagina existís pas)">Jacques Charles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fisica" title="Fisica">fisician</a> e <a href="/wiki/Quimia" title="Quimia">quimista</a> <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">francés</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Crompton" title="Samuel Crompton">Samuel Crompton</a>, inventor <a href="/wiki/Anglat%C3%A8rra" title="Anglatèrra">anglés</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humphry_Davy" title="Humphry Davy">Humphry Davy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quimia" title="Quimia">quimista</a> <a href="/wiki/Anglat%C3%A8rra" title="Anglatèrra">anglés</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theodor_Grotthuss&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theodor Grotthuss (la pagina existís pas)">Theodor Grotthuss</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quimia" title="Quimia">quimista</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quimia" title="Quimia">quimista</a> <a href="/wiki/Alemanha" title="Alemanha">alemand</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Jos%C3%A9_de_Goya_y_Lucientes" class="mw-redirect" title="Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes">Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pintura" title="Pintura">pintre</a> <a href="/wiki/Espanha" title="Espanha">espanhòu</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Herschel" title="William Herschel">William Herschel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Astronomia" title="Astronomia">astronòm</a> angloalemand.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hoti_Gaocho&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hoti Gaocho (la pagina existís pas)">Hoti Gaocho</a>, rèi de <a href="/wiki/Reiaume_de_Kaffa" title="Reiaume de Kaffa">Kaffa</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a>, president <a href="/wiki/USA" class="mw-redirect" title="USA">estatsunidenc</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Banks_Jenkinson" title="Robert Banks Jenkinson">Robert Banks Jenkinson</a>, Premier Ministre dau <a href="/wiki/Reialme_Unit" title="Reialme Unit">Reiaume Unit</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Jenner" title="Edward Jenner">Edward Jenner</a>, mètge <a href="/wiki/Anglat%C3%A8rra" title="Anglatèrra">anglés</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_VI_de_Portugal" title="Joan VI de Portugal">Joan VI</a>, rèi de <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugau</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Keats&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Keats (la pagina existís pas)">John Keats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poesia" title="Poesia">poèta</a> <a href="/wiki/Anglat%C3%A8rra" title="Anglatèrra">anglés</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_de_Lamarck" title="Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck">Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Botanica" title="Botanica">botanista</a> <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">francés</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Simon_de_Laplace" title="Pierre-Simon de Laplace">Pierre-Simon de Laplace</a>, sabent e òme politic <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">francés</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Lupot" title="Nicolas Lupot">Nicolas Lupot</a>, laütièr <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">francés</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" title="Napoleon Bonaparte">Napoleon I<sup>èr</sup></a>, emperaire dei <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">Francés</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Piazzi" title="Giuseppe Piazzi">Giuseppe Piazzi</a>, astronòm <a href="/wiki/It%C3%A0lia" title="Itàlia">italian</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radama_I%C3%A8r&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radama Ièr (la pagina existís pas)">Radama I<sup>èr</sup></a>, rèi dau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reiaume_Merina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reiaume Merina (la pagina existís pas)">Reiaume Merina</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_de_Rivaz" title="Isaac de Rivaz">Isaac de Rivaz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Engenhari%C3%A1" title="Engenhariá">engenhaire</a> <a href="/wiki/So%C3%AFssa" title="Soïssa">soís</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henri_de_Saint-Simon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henri de Saint-Simon (la pagina existís pas)">Henri de Saint-Simon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Filosofia" title="Filosofia">filosòf</a> <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">francés</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Salieri" title="Antonio Salieri">Antonio Salieri</a>, compositor <a href="/wiki/It%C3%A0lia" title="Itàlia">italian</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis-Nicolas_Vauquelin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis-Nicolas Vauquelin (la pagina existís pas)">Louis-Nicolas Vauquelin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quimia" title="Quimia">quimista</a> <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">francés</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Viotti" title="Giovanni Battista Viotti">Giovanni Battista Viotti</a>, compositor <a href="/wiki/It%C3%A0lia" title="Itàlia">italian</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Volta" title="Alessandro Volta">Alessandro Volta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fisica" title="Fisica">fisician</a> <a href="/wiki/It%C3%A0lia" title="Itàlia">italian</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Franz_Weigl" title="Joseph Franz Weigl">Joseph Franz Weigl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Musica" title="Musica">musician</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%80ustria" title="Àustria">austrian</a>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liames_intèrnes"><span id="Liames_int.C3.A8rnes"></span>Liames intèrnes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ans_1820&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modificar la seccion : Liames intèrnes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ans_1820&action=edit&section=5" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Liames intèrnes"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ans_1820&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modificar la seccion : Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ans_1820&action=edit&section=6" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Bibliografia"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nòtas_e_referéncias"><span id="N.C3.B2tas_e_refer.C3.A9ncias"></span>Nòtas e referéncias</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ans_1820&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modificar la seccion : Nòtas e referéncias" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ans_1820&action=edit&section=7" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Nòtas e referéncias"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> André Kaspi, <i>Les Américains. Tome 1 : Naissance et essor des Etats-Units 1607-1945</i>, Seuil, 1986, p. 153.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Alemand" title="Alemand">(de)</a></b> Thomas Johann Seebeck, « Magnetische Polarisation der Metalle und Erze durch Temperatur-Differenz », <i>Abhandlungen der Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin</i>, 1822, pp. 265-373.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> Gaspard-Gustave de Coriolis, <i>Du calcul de l'effet des machines, ou considérations sur l'emploi des moteurs et sur leur évaluation, pour servir d'introduction à l'étude spéciale des machines</i>, Carilian-Gœury, Libraire des corps royaux des ponts et chaussées et des mines, 1829.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lo tèrme « energia cinetica » foguèt prepausat entre <a href="/wiki/1849" class="mw-redirect" title="1849">1849</a> e <a href="/wiki/1851" class="mw-redirect" title="1851">1851</a> per <a href="/wiki/William_Thomson,_Lord_Kelvin" title="William Thomson, Lord Kelvin">lord Kelvin</a> (Crosbie Smith e M. Norton Wise, <i>Energy and Empire: A Biographical Study of Lord Kelvin</i>, Cambridge University Press, p. 866).</span> </li> </ol>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Recuperada de « <a dir="ltr" href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ans_1820&oldid=2430655">https://oc.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ans_1820&oldid=2430655</a> »</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Categorias" title="Especial:Categorias">Categorias de la pagina</a> : <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Categoria:P%C3%A0gines_amb_mides_d%27imatge_que_contenen_px_addicionals&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Categoria:Pàgines amb mides d'imatge que contenen px addicionals (la pagina existís pas)">Pàgines amb mides d'imatge que contenen px addicionals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Article_redigit_en_proven%C3%A7au" title="Categoria:Article redigit en provençau">Article redigit en provençau</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categoria amagada : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Paginas_amb_d%27errors_d%27escript" title="Categoria:Paginas amb d'errors d'escript">Paginas amb d'errors d'escript</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Aquela pagina es estada modificada pel darrièr còp lo 23 març de 2024 a 09.58.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright"><span style="white-space: normal"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A8dia:Drech_d%27autor" title="Wikipèdia:Drech d'autor">Drech d'autor</a> : Los tèxtes son disponibles jos <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.fr">licéncia Creative Commons paternitat pertatge a l’identic</a> ; d’autras condicions se pòdon aplicar. 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