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id="toc-List_of_Lords_High_Chancellor_and_Presidents_of_the_Chancellery_from_1680_to_1809" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_Lords_High_Chancellor_and_Presidents_of_the_Chancellery_from_1680_to_1809"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>List of Lords High Chancellor and Presidents of the Chancellery from 1680 to 1809</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_Lords_High_Chancellor_and_Presidents_of_the_Chancellery_from_1680_to_1809-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Medieval-era cabinet of advisors to the Swedish king</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the historical Swedish cabinet of medieval origin abolished in 1809. 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard plainlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="sidebar-pretitle" style="margin: -0.2em 0; font-size:69%; font-weight:normal;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Sweden" title="Category:History of Sweden">a series</a> on the</div></th> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style=""><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sweden" title="History of Sweden">History of <span class="fn org label">Sweden</span></a></th> </tr><tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shield_of_arms_of_Sweden.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Shield_of_arms_of_Sweden.svg/80px-Shield_of_arms_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Shield_of_arms_of_Sweden.svg/120px-Shield_of_arms_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Shield_of_arms_of_Sweden.svg/160px-Shield_of_arms_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="308" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Prehistoric</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Sweden" title="Prehistoric Sweden">Prehistory</a> (12000 BC–800 AD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_Age" title="Viking Age">Viking Age</a> (800–1050)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Early History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sweden_(800%E2%80%931521)#Middle_Ages" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Sweden (800–1521)">Middle Ages</a> (1050–1397)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalmar_Union" title="Kalmar Union">Kalmar Union</a> (1397–1521)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sweden_(1523%E2%80%931611)" title="History of Sweden (1523–1611)">Early Vasa era</a> (1521–1611)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Great Power</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sweden_(1611%E2%80%931648)" title="History of Sweden (1611–1648)">Emerging Great Power</a> (1611–1648)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Empire" title="Swedish Empire">Swedish Empire</a> (1648–1718)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Enlightenment</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Liberty" title="Age of Liberty">Age of Liberty</a> (1718–1772)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustavian_era" title="Gustavian era">Age of Absolutism</a> (1772–1809)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Liberalization</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Instrument_of_Government_(1809)" title="Instrument of Government (1809)">Constitution</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sweden_in_Union_with_Norway" title="Sweden in Union with Norway">Union</a> (1809–1866)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_between_Sweden_and_Norway" title="Union between Sweden and Norway">United Kingdoms</a> (1814–1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden_during_the_late_19th_century" title="Sweden during the late 19th century">Industrialization</a> (1866–1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden_during_World_War_I" title="Sweden during World War I">World War I</a> (1914–1918)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Modern History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Sweden_(1918%E2%80%931939)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of Sweden (1918–1939) (page does not exist)">Interwar period</a> (1918–1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden_during_World_War_II" title="Sweden during World War II">World War II</a> (1939–1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sweden_(1945%E2%80%931967)" title="History of Sweden (1945–1967)">Postwar period</a> (1945–1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sweden_(1967%E2%80%931991)" title="History of Sweden (1967–1991)">Second half of Cold War</a> (1967–1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sweden_(1991%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Sweden (1991–present)">Post-Cold War</a> (1991–present)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Topical</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Sweden" title="History of the Jews in Sweden">History of the Jews in Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_Sweden" title="LGBT history in Sweden">LGBT history in Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Sweden" title="Military history of Sweden">Military history of Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Sweden" title="Economic history of Sweden">Economic history of Sweden</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Swedish_history" title="Timeline of Swedish history">Timeline</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/16px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/24px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/32px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Sweden" title="Portal:Sweden">Sweden portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_Sweden" title="Template:History of Sweden"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Sweden" title="Template talk:History of Sweden"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_Sweden" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of Sweden"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Council of the Realm</b>, or simply <b>The Council</b> (<a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>: <i lang="sv">Riksrådet</i> or <a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>: <i lang="sv">Rådet</i>: sometimes in <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Senatus Regni Sueciae</i>), was a <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_(government)" title="Cabinet (government)">cabinet</a> of medieval origin, consisting of magnates (<a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>: <i lang="sv">stormän</i>) which advised, and at times co-ruled with, the <a href="/wiki/King_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Sweden">King of Sweden</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/1634_Instrument_of_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="1634 Instrument of Government">1634 Instrument of Government</a>, Sweden's first written constitution in the modern sense, stipulated that the King must have a council, but he was free to choose whomever he might find suitable for the job, as long as they were of Swedish birth. At the introduction of absolutism, <a href="/wiki/Charles_XI_of_Sweden" title="Charles XI of Sweden">Charles XI</a> had the equivalent organ named as <b>Royal Council</b> (<a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>: <i lang="sv">Kungligt råd</i>). In the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Liberty" title="Age of Liberty">Age of Liberty</a>, the medieval name was reused. After the <a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_1772" title="Revolution of 1772">bloodless revolution</a> of <a href="/wiki/Gustav_III" title="Gustav III">Gustav III</a>, the Council was abolished in 1789 by the <a href="/wiki/Union_and_Security_Act" title="Union and Security Act">Union and Security Act</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/1809_Instrument_of_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="1809 Instrument of Government">1809 Instrument of Government</a>, created a <a href="/wiki/Council_of_State_(Sweden)" title="Council of State (Sweden)">Council of State</a>, also known as the <a href="/wiki/King_in_Council_(Sweden)" title="King in Council (Sweden)">King in Council</a> (<a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>: <i lang="sv">Konungen i Statsrådet</i>) which became the constitutionally mandated cabinet where the King had to make all state decisions in the presence of his cabinet ministers (<a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>: <i lang="sv">Statsråd</i>). Throughout the 19th century and reaching its culmination with the enactment of the <a href="/wiki/1974_Instrument_of_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="1974 Instrument of Government">1974 Instrument of Government</a>, this new Council gradually transformed into an <a href="/wiki/Executive_cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive cabinet">executive cabinet</a> of ministers known as <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Sweden" title="Government of Sweden">The Government</a> (<a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>: <i lang="sv">Regeringen</i>), chaired and formed by the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Sweden" title="Prime Minister of Sweden">Prime Minister</a> who since 1975 is elected by the <a href="/wiki/Riksdag" title="Riksdag">Riksdag</a>, and which governs the Realm independently of a purely <a href="/wiki/Figurehead" title="Figurehead">ceremonial monarch</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Middle_Ages">Middle Ages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Privy_Council_of_Sweden&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Middle Ages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the reign of <a href="/wiki/Magnus_Ladul%C3%A5s" title="Magnus Ladulås">Magnus Ladulås</a> between 1275 and 1290 the meetings of the council became a permanent institution having the offices of Steward (<a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>: <i lang="sv">Riksdrots</i>), Constable (<a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>: <i lang="sv">Riksmarsk</i>) and Chancellor (<a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>: <i lang="sv">Rikskansler</i>). Particularly from the reign of King <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Vasa" title="Gustav Vasa">Gustav Vasa</a>, with his efforts of creating a centralised State, the members of the Council (<a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>: <i lang="sv">Riksråd</i>) gradually became more of <a href="/wiki/Courtier" title="Courtier">courtiers</a> and state <a href="/wiki/Official" title="Official">officials</a> rather than the semi-autonomous warlords they once were. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_modern_Sweden">Early modern Sweden</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Privy_Council_of_Sweden&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early modern Sweden"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the change of policies upon the death of <a href="/wiki/Gustav_II_Adolf" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustav II Adolf">Gustav II Adolf</a> in <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_L%C3%BCtzen_(1632)" title="Battle of Lützen (1632)">action at Lützen in 1632</a>, the <a href="/wiki/1634_Instrument_of_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="1634 Instrument of Government">1634 Instrument of Government</a> written by Chancellor <a href="/wiki/Axel_Oxenstierna" title="Axel Oxenstierna">Axel Oxenstierna</a> laid the foundation for the administration of modern Sweden. For instance, the roots of the present-day administrative subdivision into <a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Sweden" title="Counties of Sweden">counties</a> (<a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>: <i lang="sv">Län</i>) is a legacy from this time. </p><p>The Instrument established that the council was to be headed by the five <a href="/wiki/Great_Officers_of_the_Realm" title="Great Officers of the Realm">Great Officers of the Realm</a>, each leading a branch of the state administration:<sup id="cite_ref-riksambetsman_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-riksambetsman-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lord_High_Steward_of_Sweden" title="Lord High Steward of Sweden">Lord High Steward</a> (or <a href="/wiki/Lord_High_Justiciar_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord High Justiciar of Sweden">Lord High Justiciar</a>) (Swedish: <i>riksdrots</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_High_Constable_of_Sweden" title="Lord High Constable of Sweden">Lord High Constable</a> (Swedish: <i>riksmarsk</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_High_Admiral_of_Sweden" title="Lord High Admiral of Sweden">Lord High Admiral</a> (Swedish: <i>riksamiral</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_High_Chancellor_of_Sweden" title="Lord High Chancellor of Sweden">Lord High Chancellor</a> (Swedish: <i>rikskansler</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_High_Treasurer_of_Sweden" title="Lord High Treasurer of Sweden">Lord High Treasurer</a> (Swedish: <i>riksskattmästare</i>)</li></ul> <p>Initially, three of the positions were occupied by the members of the Oxenstierna family, with Axel Oxenstierna's brother <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Oxenstierna" class="mw-redirect" title="Gabriel Oxenstierna">Gabriel Oxenstierna</a> as the High Justiciar and his cousin <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Bengtsson_Oxenstierna" title="Gabriel Bengtsson Oxenstierna">Gabriel Bengtsson Oxenstierna</a> as the High Treasurer.<sup id="cite_ref-Nationalencyklopedien_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nationalencyklopedien-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These positions were later abolished under Charles XI.<sup id="cite_ref-riksambetsman_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-riksambetsman-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Parliamentarism_vs._absolute_monarchy">Parliamentarism vs. absolute monarchy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Privy_Council_of_Sweden&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Parliamentarism vs. absolute monarchy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The councillors had the highest position in the kingdom after the royal family and were styled "the King's cousins". From around 1672, the year of the coming of age of Charles XI, the council was assembled less and less frequently and eventually the king ruled <a href="/wiki/Autocracy" title="Autocracy">autocratically</a>, using an ad hoc group of trusted relations and advisors to discuss a particular matter or group of matters. The <a href="/wiki/Scanian_War" title="Scanian War">Scanian War</a> (1674–1679) gave the king the opportunity to establish – with the approval of the Estates – an absolute Monarchy along the lines of Renaissance Absolutism. Council, Parliament, local government, legal system, Church of Sweden, all were brought within the power of the King and his secretaries. </p><p>This was the culmination of a long power-struggle between the kings and the aristocracy. The first of the <a href="/wiki/Riksdag" title="Riksdag">Riksdag</a> Acts ratifying the change of system was a declaration that the king was not bound by the 1634 constitution, which no king or queen had ever consented to freely. The councillors were now titles Royal Councillors, being appointed and dismissed at the king's pleasure. </p><p>In 1713, the son and successor of Charles XI, <a href="/wiki/Charles_XII_of_Sweden" title="Charles XII of Sweden">Charles XII</a>, issued a new working order for the Chancellery to enable him to conduct government from the battle-field, but his sudden death at the siege of Fredricshald in Norway in 1718 provided the opportunity for the parliament (<a href="/wiki/Riksdag_of_the_Estates" title="Riksdag of the Estates">Riksdag of the Estates</a>) to write a new <a href="/wiki/Constitution" title="Constitution">constitution</a> in 1719 and 1721, that gave Sweden half a century of first renewed conciliatory, and then parliamentary government. </p><p>The first Estate, the nobility, dominated both the parliament and the council. The council now had 16 members and was chaired by the King. Each councillor had one vote, while the king, as chairman, had two. The council was the government of the country, but also the supreme judicial authority. </p><p>From 1738 the Estates could remove councillors to create a majority corresponding to that of the Estates, the Estates also appointing the President of the Chancellery (the prime minister), along party lines. The <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_Press_Act_(1766)" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of the Press Act (1766)">Freedom of the Press Act (1766)</a> was also passed during this period. </p><p>This <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Liberty" title="Age of Liberty">Age of Liberty</a> lasted until the <a href="/wiki/Absolute_Monarchy_in_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Absolute Monarchy in Sweden">bloodless coup d'état</a> of king <a href="/wiki/Gustav_III_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustav III of Sweden">Gustav III</a> in 1772, which restored royal sovereignty under the guise of the <a href="/wiki/1634_Instrument_of_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="1634 Instrument of Government">1634 Instrument of Government</a>. </p><p>In 1789, by the <a href="/wiki/Union_and_Security_Act" title="Union and Security Act">Union and Security Act</a> (<a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>: <i lang="sv">förenings- och säkerhetsakten</i>), an amendment charter to the constitution, the exclusive right of the nobility to high offices was abolished and the Estates of the Burghers and the Peasants also received these privileges - a step towards modern democracy. Aristocratic control of state organs ceased, and the Privy Council was abolished,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although the councillors retained their titles for life. The council's judicial function devolved on the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Sweden" title="Supreme Court of Sweden">King's Supreme Court</a> (<a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>: <i lang="sv">Konungens Högsta Domstol</i>) composed of an equal number of noble and non-noble members. In the 1789 constitutional amendment Gustav III, having desired to abolish the constitutional power of the Council (a pesky limitation to royal rule of the executive branch, in his view), had instead received the right to determine the number of councillors. He decided to have zero of them, instead he created the office of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rikets_allm%C3%A4nna_%C3%A4rendens_beredning&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rikets allmänna ärendens beredning (page does not exist)">Rikets allmänna ärendens beredning</a>, which was a predecessor to the <a href="/wiki/King_in_Council_(Sweden)" title="King in Council (Sweden)">Council of State</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Developments_in_1809_and_beyond">Developments in 1809 and beyond</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Privy_Council_of_Sweden&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Developments in 1809 and beyond"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Instrument_of_Government_(1809)" title="Instrument of Government (1809)">Instrument of Government (1809)</a> and <a href="/wiki/King_in_Council_(Sweden)" title="King in Council (Sweden)">King in Council (Sweden)</a></div> <p>The loss of the <a href="/wiki/Finnish_War" title="Finnish War">Finnish War</a> in 1809 prompted a military coup which removed <a href="/wiki/Gustav_IV_Adolf_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden">Gustav IV Adolf</a>, replacing the Gustavian era with a new dynasty and a new constitution restoring initiative to the Estates. </p><p>On 6 June 1809, a new <a href="/wiki/Constitution" title="Constitution">constitution</a> was adopted, and while the King still appointed the members of the Council, once again called the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_State_(Sweden)" title="Council of State (Sweden)">Council of State</a>, the legislative powers were once again shared with the <a href="/wiki/Riksdag_of_the_Estates" title="Riksdag of the Estates">Riksdag of the Estates</a>. </p><p>The new Council had nine members; the leading members being the Minister of State for Justice (<a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>: <i lang="sv">Justitiestatsminister</i>) and the Minister of State for Foreign Affairs (<a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>: <i lang="sv">Utrikesstatsminister</i>). The departmental reform of 1840 created seven ministries headed by a minister, and in 1866 the four Estates were abolished and the new <a href="/wiki/Bicameral" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicameral">bicameral</a> <a href="/wiki/Riksdag" title="Riksdag">Riksdag</a> was constituted. </p><p>In 1917, as the outcome of the <a href="/wiki/Courtyard_Crisis" title="Courtyard Crisis">1914 Courtyard Crisis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>: <i lang="sv">Borggårdskrisen</i>), the <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">parliamentary system</a> was firmly established in Sweden, and the King could no longer independently appoint cabinet members without taking the will of the Riksdag into account. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_Lords_High_Chancellor_and_Presidents_of_the_Chancellery_from_1680_to_1809">List of Lords High Chancellor and Presidents of the Chancellery from 1680 to 1809</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Privy_Council_of_Sweden&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: List of Lords High Chancellor and Presidents of the Chancellery from 1680 to 1809"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Count <a href="/wiki/Bengt_Gabrielsson_Oxenstierna" title="Bengt Gabrielsson Oxenstierna">Bengt Oxenstierna</a> (June 1680 – 1685; acting) (1685 – 12 July 1702)</li> <li>Count <a href="/wiki/Nils_Gyldenstolpe_(1642%E2%80%931709)" title="Nils Gyldenstolpe (1642–1709)">Nils Gyldenstolpe</a> (12 July 1702 – December 1705; acting) (December 1705 – 4 May 1709)</li> <li>Count <a href="/wiki/Arvid_Horn" title="Arvid Horn">Arvid Horn</a> (21 March 1710 – 10 April 1719)</li> <li>Count <a href="/wiki/Gustaf_Cronhielm" title="Gustaf Cronhielm">Gustaf Cronhielm</a> (15 May 1719 – 12 December 1719)</li> <li>Count <a href="/wiki/Johan_August_Meijerfeldt" class="mw-redirect" title="Johan August Meijerfeldt">Johan August Meijerfeldt</a> (12 December 1719 – 22 April 1720; acting)</li> <li>Count <a href="/wiki/Arvid_Horn" title="Arvid Horn">Arvid Horn</a> (22 April 1720 – 18 December 1738)</li> <li>Count <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustaf_Bonde_(1682%E2%80%931764)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gustaf Bonde (1682–1764) (page does not exist)">Gustaf Bonde</a> (18 December 1738 – 16 April 1739; acting)</li> <li>Count <a href="/wiki/Carl_Gyllenborg" title="Carl Gyllenborg">Carl Gyllenborg</a> (16 April 1739 – 9 December 1746)</li> <li>Count <a href="/wiki/Carl_Gustaf_Tessin" title="Carl Gustaf Tessin">Carl Gustaf Tessin</a> (9 December 1746 – 5 December 1747; acting) (5 December 1747 – March 1752)</li> <li>Count <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andreas_Johan_von_H%C3%B6pken&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andreas Johan von Höpken (page does not exist)">Andreas Johan von Höpken</a> (17 March 1752 – 5 February 1761)</li> <li>Count <a href="/w/index.php?title=Claes_Ekeblad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Claes Ekeblad (page does not exist)">Claes Ekeblad</a> (10 April 1761 – 12 August 1765)</li> <li>Count <a href="/wiki/Carl_Gustaf_L%C3%B6wenhielm" title="Carl Gustaf Löwenhielm">Carl Gustaf Löwenhielm</a> (9 September 1765 – 7 March 1768)</li> <li>Baron <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fredrik_von_Friesendorff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fredrik von Friesendorff (page does not exist)">Fredrik von Friesendorff</a> (7 March 1768 – 30 May 1769; acting)</li> <li>Count <a href="/w/index.php?title=Claes_Ekeblad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Claes Ekeblad (page does not exist)">Claes Ekeblad</a> (30 May 1769 – 9 October 1771)</li> <li>Count <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ulrik_Scheffer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ulrik Scheffer (page does not exist)">Ulrik Scheffer</a> (9 October 1771 – 22 April 1772; acting)</li> <li>Count <a href="/wiki/Joachim_von_D%C3%BCben" class="mw-redirect" title="Joachim von Düben">Joachim von Düben</a> (22 April 1772 – 22 August 1772)</li> <li>Count <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ulrik_Scheffer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ulrik Scheffer (page does not exist)">Ulrik Scheffer</a> (23 August 1772 – 5 June 1783)</li> <li>Count <a href="/wiki/Gustaf_Philip_Creutz" title="Gustaf Philip Creutz">Gustaf Philip Creutz</a> (5 June 1783 – 30 October 1785)</li> <li>Baron <a href="/w/index.php?title=Malte_Ramel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malte Ramel (page does not exist)">Malte Ramel</a> (30 October 1785 – May 1786)</li> <li>Baron <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emanuel_de_Geer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emanuel de Geer (page does not exist)">Emanuel de Geer</a> (May 1786 – 13 June 1787)</li> <li>Count <a href="/wiki/Johan_Gabriel_Oxenstierna" title="Johan Gabriel Oxenstierna">Johan Gabriel Oxenstierna</a> (May 1786 – 14 November 1789)</li> <li>Count <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Wilhelm_von_D%C3%BCben&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Wilhelm von Düben (page does not exist)">Karl Wilhelm von Düben</a> (1788 – 8 November 1790)</li> <li>Baron <a href="/w/index.php?title=Evert_Wilhelm_Taube&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evert Wilhelm Taube (page does not exist)">Evert Wilhelm Taube</a> (29 March 1792 – 1792)</li> <li>Baron <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fredrik_Wilhelm_von_Ehrenheim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fredrik Wilhelm von Ehrenheim (page does not exist)">Fredrik Wilhelm von Ehrenheim</a> (28 May 1801 – 28 March 1809)</li> <li>Count <a href="/wiki/Lars_von_Engestr%C3%B6m" title="Lars von Engeström">Lars von Engeström</a> (May 1809 – June 1809)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Privy_Council_of_Sweden&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sweden" title="History of Sweden">History of Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Sweden" title="Monarchy of Sweden">Monarchy of Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riksdag_of_the_Estates" title="Riksdag of the Estates">Riksdag of the Estates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Sweden" title="Government of Sweden">Government of Sweden</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Privy_Council_of_Sweden&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-riksambetsman-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-riksambetsman_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-riksambetsman_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">"Riksämbetsmän". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://runeberg.org/nfcc/0217.html"><i>Nordisk familjebok</i></a> (in Swedish). Vol. 23. Retzius - Ryssland (Uggleupplagan ed.). 1916. pp. <span class="nowrap">401–</span>402.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Riks%C3%A4mbetsm%C3%A4n&rft.btitle=Nordisk+familjebok&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E401-%3C%2Fspan%3E402&rft.edition=Uggleupplagan&rft.date=1916&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fruneberg.org%2Fnfcc%2F0217.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrivy+Council+of+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nationalencyklopedien-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nationalencyklopedien_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ne.se/axel-oxenstierna">"Axel Oxenstierna"</a>. <i>ne.se</i> (in Swedish). Nationalencyklopedien<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ne.se&rft.atitle=Axel+Oxenstierna&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fne.se%2Faxel-oxenstierna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrivy+Council+of+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/riksr%C3%A5d">"Riksråd"</a>. <i>Nationalencyklopedien</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nationalencyklopedien&rft.atitle=Riksr%C3%A5d&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ne.se%2Fuppslagsverk%2Fencyklopedi%2Fl%25C3%25A5ng%2Friksr%25C3%25A5d&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrivy+Council+of+Sweden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sweden_articles405" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sweden_topics" title="Template:Sweden topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sweden_topics" title="Template talk:Sweden topics"><abbr 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Sweden (1523–1611)">1523–1611</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sweden_(1611%E2%80%931648)" title="History of Sweden (1611–1648)">Rise to become Great Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Empire" title="Swedish Empire">Swedish Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Northern_War" title="Great Northern War">Great Northern War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Liberty" title="Age of Liberty">Age of Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coup_of_1756" title="Coup of 1756">Coup of 1756</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_Crisis_(1768)" title="December Crisis (1768)">December Crisis (1768)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_1772" title="Revolution of 1772">Revolution of 1772</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustavian_era" title="Gustavian era">Gustavian era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coup_of_1809" title="Coup of 1809">Coup of 1809</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_between_Sweden_and_Norway" title="Union between Sweden and Norway">Sweden–Norway union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_famine_of_1867%E2%80%931869" title="Swedish famine of 1867–1869">Famine of 1867–1869</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden_during_the_late_19th_century" title="Sweden during the late 19th century">Modernization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrialization_of_Sweden" title="Industrialization of Sweden">Industrialization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden_during_World_War_I" title="Sweden during World War I">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden_during_World_War_II" title="Sweden during World War II">World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sweden_during_World_War_II_(timeline)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sweden during World War II (timeline)">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sweden_(1945%E2%80%931967)" title="History of Sweden (1945–1967)">1945–1967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sweden_(1967%E2%80%931991)" title="History of Sweden (1967–1991)">1967–1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sweden_(1991%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Sweden (1991–present)">Since 1991</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Sweden" title="Geography of Sweden">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Sweden" title="List of cities in Sweden">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Sweden" title="Counties of Sweden">Counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_points_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Extreme points of Sweden">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forests_of_Sweden" title="Forests of Sweden">Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Sweden" title="List of islands of Sweden">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Sweden" title="List of lakes of Sweden">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lands_of_Sweden" title="Lands of Sweden">Lands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_areas_in_Sweden" title="List of metropolitan areas in Sweden">Metropolitan areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Sweden" title="List of national parks of Sweden">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Sweden" title="Provinces of Sweden">Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Sweden" title="List of rivers of Sweden">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Sweden" title="Wildlife of Sweden">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Sweden" title="Politics of Sweden">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Sweden" title="Administrative divisions of Sweden">Administrative division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution of Sweden">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Sweden" title="Elections in Sweden">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Sweden" title="Foreign relations of Sweden">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Sweden" title="Human rights in Sweden">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Sweden">LGBT rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Sweden" title="Government of Sweden">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_agencies_in_Sweden" title="Government agencies in Sweden">State agencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Sweden" title="Judiciary of Sweden">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Sweden" title="Law of Sweden">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Sweden" title="Law enforcement in Sweden">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riksdag" title="Riksdag">Legislature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Armed_Forces" title="Swedish Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Sweden" title="Monarchy of Sweden">Monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_neutrality" title="Swedish neutrality">Neutrality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Sweden" title="List of political parties in Sweden">Political parties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Sweden" title="Economy of Sweden">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Sweden" title="Agriculture in Sweden">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Sweden" title="Automotive industry in Sweden">Automotive industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Sweden" title="Energy in Sweden">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_inequality_in_Sweden" title="Income inequality in Sweden">Income inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_krona" title="Swedish krona">Krona <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_labour_movement" title="Swedish labour movement">Labour unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_model" title="Nordic model">Nordic model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rehn%E2%80%93Meidner_model" title="Rehn–Meidner model">Rehn–Meidner model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasdaq_Stockholm" title="Nasdaq Stockholm">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Sweden" title="Taxation in Sweden">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Sweden" title="Telecommunications in Sweden">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Sweden" title="Transport in Sweden">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Sweden" title="Rail transport in Sweden">Rail</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Sweden" title="Tourism in Sweden">Tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Sweden" title="Category:Society of Sweden">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Sweden" title="Abortion in Sweden">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Sweden" title="Censorship in Sweden">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Sweden" title="Crime in Sweden">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Sweden" title="Demographics of Sweden">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Sweden" title="Education in Sweden">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_care_in_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Health care in Sweden">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Sweden" title="Homelessness in Sweden">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Sweden" title="Human trafficking in Sweden">Human trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Sweden" title="Immigration to Sweden">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Sweden" title="Languages of Sweden">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Swedish_counties_by_life_expectancy" title="List of Swedish counties by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedes" title="Swedes">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Sweden" title="Prostitution in Sweden">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_in_Sweden" title="Welfare in Sweden">Welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Sweden" title="Women in Sweden">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Sweden" title="Culture of Sweden">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Du_gamla,_du_fria" title="Du gamla, du fria">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Sweden" title="Architecture of Sweden">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_art" title="Swedish art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Sweden" title="Cinema of Sweden">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Sweden" title="Coat of arms of Sweden">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_cuisine" title="Swedish cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_wine" title="Swedish wine">Wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_in_Sweden" title="Coffee in Sweden">Coffee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_fashion" title="Swedish fashion">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Sweden" title="Flag of Sweden">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_Sweden" title="Irreligion in Sweden">Irreligion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_literature" title="Swedish literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Sweden">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Sweden" title="Music of Sweden">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Day_of_Sweden" title="National Day of Sweden">National Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Sweden" title="Public holidays in Sweden">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Sweden" title="Religion in Sweden">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Sweden" title="Sport in Sweden">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Sweden" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Sweden">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Sweden" title="Outline of Sweden">Outline</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sweden" title="Category:Sweden">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Sweden" title="Portal:Sweden">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Constitutions_of_Sweden50" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Constitutions_of_Sweden" title="Template:Constitutions of Sweden"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li 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(1720)">1720</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instrument_of_Government_(1772)" title="Instrument of Government (1772)">1772</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_and_Security_Act" title="Union and Security Act">Union and Security Act</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instrument_of_Government_(1809)" title="Instrument of Government (1809)">1809</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basic_Laws_of_Sweden#Instrument_of_Government" title="Basic Laws of Sweden">Current (1974)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Freedom_of_the_Press_Act" title="Swedish Freedom of the Press Act">Freedom of the Press Act</a></li> <li>Fundamental Law on Freedom of Expression</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Act_of_Succession" title="Swedish Act of Succession">Act of Succession</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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