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Justin Winsor - Wikipedia
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id="toc-Historian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works_by_Winsor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_by_Winsor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Works by Winsor</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Works_by_Winsor-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Works by Winsor subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Works_by_Winsor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pamphlets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pamphlets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Pamphlets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pamphlets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Harvard_series" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Harvard_series"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Harvard series</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Harvard_series-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Editor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Editor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Editor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Editor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Key_writings_on_the_library" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Key_writings_on_the_library"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Key writings on the library</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Key_writings_on_the_library-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button 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searchaux" style="display:none">American librarian and historian (1831–1897)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Justin Winsor</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Justin_Winsor_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Justin_Winsor_2.JPG/220px-Justin_Winsor_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Justin_Winsor_2.JPG/330px-Justin_Winsor_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Justin_Winsor_2.JPG/440px-Justin_Winsor_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1169" data-file-height="1528" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Justin Winsor c. 1885</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_American_Library_Association" title="List of presidents of the American Library Association">President of the American Library Association</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />July 1897 – October 1897</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Brett" title="William Howard Brett">William Howard Brett</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rutherford_P._Hayes" title="Rutherford P. Hayes">Rutherford P. Hayes</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1876–1885</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Frederick_Poole" title="William Frederick Poole">William Frederick Poole</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/American_Historical_Association#Past_presidents" title="American Historical Association">President of the American Historical Association</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1887</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_Bancroft" title="George Bancroft">George Bancroft</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Frederick_Poole" title="William Frederick Poole">William Frederick Poole</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1831-01-02</span>)</span>January 2, 1831<br /><a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">October 22, 1897<span style="display:none">(1897-10-22)</span> (aged 66)<br /><a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge, Massachusetts</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Caroline Tufts Barker</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px">​</div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;">​</div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1855)<wbr />​</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parents</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Nathaniel Winsor III</li><li>Ann Thomas Howland</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Librarian" title="Librarian">Librarian</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Historian" title="Historian">historian</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Author" title="Author">author</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Appletons%27_Winsor_Justin_signature.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Justin Winsor's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Appletons%27_Winsor_Justin_signature.png/128px-Appletons%27_Winsor_Justin_signature.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Appletons%27_Winsor_Justin_signature.png/192px-Appletons%27_Winsor_Justin_signature.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Appletons%27_Winsor_Justin_signature.png/256px-Appletons%27_Winsor_Justin_signature.png 2x" data-file-width="569" data-file-height="180" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Justin Winsor</b> (January 2, 1831 – October 22, 1897) was an American writer, librarian, and historian. His historical work had strong bibliographical and cartographical elements. He was an authority on the early history of North America and was elected the first president of the <a href="/wiki/American_Library_Association" title="American Library Association">American Library Association</a> as well as the third president of the <a href="/wiki/American_Historical_Association" title="American Historical Association">American Historical Association</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background_and_education">Background and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Justin_Winsor&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Winsor was born in <a href="/wiki/Boston,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston, Massachusetts">Boston, Massachusetts</a>, son of Nathaniel Winsor III (1806 – c. 1890) and Ann Thomas Howland Winsor (1809–1893). His father was a shipping merchant who had established the "Winsor Line", one of the first regular lines of clipperships between Boston and San Francisco. Shortly before his birth, his parents had recently moved to Boston from <a href="/wiki/Duxbury,_Massachusetts" title="Duxbury, Massachusetts">Duxbury, Massachusetts</a>, where the Winsor family had been involved in shipbuilding for generations. His grandfather's home, the <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Winsor,_Jr._House" class="mw-redirect" title="Nathaniel Winsor, Jr. House">Nathaniel Winsor, Jr. House</a>, is now the headquarters of the Duxbury Rural and Historical Society.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Justin Winsor graduated from the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Latin_School" title="Boston Latin School">Boston Latin School</a>. He entered <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard</a>, but left in his senior year and never finished his education at the university.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around this time he planned an memoir of <i><a href="/wiki/David_Garrick" title="David Garrick">Garrick</a> and his Contemporaries</i>, of which the manuscript and notes are in the <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Library" title="Harvard Library">Harvard Library</a>. He then studied in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heidelberg" title="Heidelberg">Heidelberg</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Winsor would return to Harvard to complete his studies in 1868. He would go on to complete L.L. D. at the University of Michigan in 1887.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Justin_Winsor&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1855, Winsor married Caroline Tufts Barker (1830–1911), daughter of Ebenezer and Sally Fuller Barker of <a href="/wiki/Charlestown,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Charlestown, Massachusetts">Charlestown, Massachusetts</a>. They had two children, Mary (born 1860) who died in infancy, and Constance (c. 1861 – 1895). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Writer_and_editor">Writer and editor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Justin_Winsor&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Writer and editor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Justin_Winsor_ca._1850_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Justin_Winsor_ca._1850_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Justin_Winsor_ca._1850_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Justin_Winsor_ca._1850_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Justin_Winsor_ca._1850_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Justin_Winsor_ca._1850_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Justin_Winsor_ca._1850_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="467" data-file-height="623" /></a><figcaption>Winsor at age 19, portrait by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Badger" title="Thomas Badger">Thomas Badger</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Justin Winsor published his first book, <i>A History of the Town of <a href="/wiki/Duxbury,_Massachusetts" title="Duxbury, Massachusetts">Duxbury</a></i> (1849), during his first year at Harvard.<sup id="cite_ref-Channing197_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Channing197-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He contributed to many periodicals, and, in addition to editing many smaller works, he edited some of the most important historical works of the 19th century, among them: <i>Reader's Handbook of American History</i> (1879), <i>The Memorial History of Boston</i> (4 vols., 1880–1881) and the <i>Narrative and Critical History of America</i> (8 vols., 1884–1889). The latter was a standard history reference for decades. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Librarian">Librarian</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Justin_Winsor&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Librarian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Boston_Public_Library">Boston Public Library</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Justin_Winsor&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Boston Public Library"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Justin_Winsor_1854.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Justin_Winsor_1854.jpg/220px-Justin_Winsor_1854.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Justin_Winsor_1854.jpg/330px-Justin_Winsor_1854.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Justin_Winsor_1854.jpg/440px-Justin_Winsor_1854.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1836" data-file-height="2119" /></a><figcaption>Winsor in 1854, at age 23</figcaption></figure> <p>Winsor was one of the creators of the librarian profession, a strong proponent of the ability of libraries to uplift, and a leader in the effort to make libraries the center of universities.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He started his library career as a trustee (1867–1868), then superintendent (1868–1877) of the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Public_Library" title="Boston Public Library">Boston Public Library</a>. As a member of the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Brahmins" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston Brahmins">Boston Brahmins</a>, Winsor found an opportunity to engage in social reform while pursuing intellectual interests. He reflected the Brahmins' strong belief in self-help, uplift, and social progress. They espoused the Socratic idea that knowledge creates virtue and Winsor saw the public library as a way to educate common people so that the traditional order of the republic would be maintained. </p><p>At Boston Public Library, Winsor undertook many projects used to track and help library use. He employed innovative statistical analysis of the library's use and used the finding to promote the idea that libraries were not just institutions and repositories of books, but were a process. He also dedicated a great deal of attention to the compilation of bibliographies and guides to public reading. Also, Winsor annotated the catalog to give it an educational character. In an effort to increase book use, he worked for the establishment of branch libraries, extended hours, and relaxed restrictions on use. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Harvard_Librarian">Harvard Librarian</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Justin_Winsor&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Harvard Librarian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1877, following a struggle with Alderman <a href="/wiki/Hugh_O%27Brien" title="Hugh O'Brien">Hugh O'Brien</a> over the professionalism of library management, Winsor left Boston Public Library to become librarian of Harvard University, where he served until his death. In his dual career as librarian-historian, he was a prototype of the ideal academic librarian. </p><p>Winsor came to Harvard at a time when research was gaining emphasis. Faculty and students assumed ready access to large collections. Winsor wanted to make the library the center of the university. In this effort, he pushed for more books and greater accessibility, improved the catalog, informed faculty of new acquisitions, liberalized the library use policy, instituted a reserve system, and wrangled with administration over the installation of electric lights for extended hours. During this time, he also influenced the field through reports when library literature was scarce. </p><p>Winsor was also a founder of the <a href="/wiki/American_Library_Association" title="American Library Association">American Library Association</a> and the <i>Library Journal,</i> serving as the first president of the ALA from 1876 through 1885.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this position, he emphasized the need for trained professionals and provided a rationale for the need for libraries in combating attacks on American morals and social standards. The Library History Round Table of the ALA awards the "<a href="/wiki/Justin_Winsor_Prize_(library)" title="Justin Winsor Prize (library)">Justin Winsor Prize</a>", established in 1978, for exceptional library history essays. </p><p>Winsor is a member of the Library Hall of Fame. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historian">Historian</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Justin_Winsor&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Historian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He was elected a member of the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a> in 1878 and the <a href="/wiki/American_Antiquarian_Society" title="American Antiquarian Society">American Antiquarian Society</a> in 1880.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also served on the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Archives" title="Massachusetts Archives">Massachusetts Archives</a> Commission for many years.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Winsor was a founding member of the <a href="/wiki/American_Historical_Association" title="American Historical Association">American Historical Association</a> and served as their third president during the 1886–1887 term. In 1893, he was elected to the <a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Justin_Winsor_Prize_(history)" title="Justin Winsor Prize (history)">Justin Winsor Prize</a> was the first prize established by the AHA and was awarded from 1896 through 1930 and from 1936 through 1938. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Justin_Winsor&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following illness over a period of time, Winsor dealt with a <a href="/wiki/Strangulated_hernia" class="mw-redirect" title="Strangulated hernia">strangulated hernia</a> while staying at his home in <a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge, Massachusetts</a>. An operation was done on October 17, 1897, which slightly improved his condition. However, on October 22, Winsor died following a fever as a result of the hernia. His death was mourned by the Academic Library community as well as the Harvard University community. Winsor's funeral would be held at the Appleton Church on October 23, 1897, which would later be replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Memorial_Church_of_Harvard_University" title="Memorial Church of Harvard University">Memorial Church of Harvard University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works_by_Winsor">Works by Winsor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Justin_Winsor&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Works by Winsor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original works by or about:<br /><b style="text-align: center;"><i><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Justin_Winsor" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Justin Winsor">Justin Winsor</a></i></b></div></div> </div> <ul><li><i>Bibliography of the Original Quartos and Folios of Shakespeare, with Particular Reference to Copies in America</i> (1876)</li> <li><i>Reader's Hand-Book of the American Revolution, 1761-'83</i> (1880); <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CvxDAAAAYAAJ">1895 edition</a></li> <li><i>Was Shakespeare Shapleigh? A Correspondence in Two Entanglements</i> (1887),<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a lampoon of <a href="/wiki/Baconian_theory_of_Shakespeare_authorship" title="Baconian theory of Shakespeare authorship">Baconian theory of Shakespeare authorship</a> that puts forward fictional character Sir William Shapleigh as author.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=V7xeuAEACAAJ"><i>Christopher Columbus</i></a> (1891), called by <a href="/wiki/New_International_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="New International Encyclopedia"><i>The New International Encyclopædia</i></a> a very iconoclastic book</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pA4VAAAAYAAJ"><i>From Cartier to Frontenac: A Study of Geographical History in the Interior of North America in Its Historical Relations, 1534–1700</i></a> (1894)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=P3w9AQAAMAAJ"><i>Exploration of the Mississippi Basin</i></a> (1895)</li> <li>A <i>Report on the Maps of the Orinoco-Essequibo Region</i>, prepared at the request of the Venezuela Boundary Commission.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pamphlets">Pamphlets</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Justin_Winsor&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Pamphlets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Gov. Bradford's Manuscript History of Plymouth Plantation</i> (Cambridge, 1881)</li> <li><i>Arnold's Expedition against Quebec, 1775–1776 . . .</i> (1886)</li> <li><i>The Manuscript Sources of American History</i> (New York, 1887)</li> <li><i>Notes on the Spurious Letters of Montcalm</i> (Cambridge, 1887)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Harvard_series">Harvard series</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Justin_Winsor&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Harvard series"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He edited the series "Library of Harvard University: Bibliographical Contributions" (begun in 1887). Among his contributions to it were: </p> <ul><li><i>Shakespeare's Poems: Bibliography of the Earlier Editions</i> (1878-'9)</li> <li><i>Pietas et Gratulatio: Inquiry into the Authorship of the Several Pieces</i> (1879)</li> <li><i>Halliwelliana: a Bibliography of the Publications of <a href="/wiki/James_Halliwell-Phillipps" title="James Halliwell-Phillipps">J. O. Halliwell-Phillips</a></i> (1881)</li> <li><i>Bibliography of Ptolemy's Geography</i> (1884)</li> <li><i>The Kohl Collection of Early Maps</i> (1886)</li> <li><i>Calendar of the <a href="/wiki/Jared_Sparks" title="Jared Sparks">Sparks</a> Manuscripts in Harvard College Library</i> (1888)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Editor">Editor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Justin_Winsor&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Editor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Songs of Unity</i>, compiled with Rev. George H. Hepworth (1859)</li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFJustin_Winsor1880–1881" class="citation cs2">Justin Winsor, ed. (1880–1881), <i>The Memorial History of Boston</i>, Boston: James R. Osgood and Company, <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/4953409">4953409</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Memorial+History+of+Boston&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=James+R.+Osgood+and+Company&rft.date=1880%2F1881&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F4953409&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Winsor" class="Z3988"></span> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/memorialhistory01wins#page/n13/mode/2up">v.1</a>: Early and Colonial Periods</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/memorialhistory02wins#page/n9/mode/2up">v.2</a>: Provincial Period</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/memorialhistory03wins#page/n11/mode/2up">v.3</a>: Revolutionary Period. The Last Hundred Years, Pt.1</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t1bk1nn56">v.4</a>: Last Hundred Years, Pt.2. Special topics</li></ul></li> <li><i>Record of the 250th Anniversary of the Founding of Harvard College</i> (1887)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Key_writings_on_the_library">Key writings on the library</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Justin_Winsor&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Key writings on the library"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>"Reading in Popular Libraries"</li> <li>"Free Libraries and Readers"</li> <li>"The President's Address [1877]"</li> <li>"First Report (1878) of Justin Winsor, Librarian of Harvard University"</li> <li>"College and Other Higher Libraries"</li> <li>"The College Library and the Classes"</li> <li>"Library Buildings"</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Justin_Winsor&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Justin_Winsor" title="Special:EditPage/Justin Winsor">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Justin+Winsor%22">"Justin Winsor"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Justin+Winsor%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Justin+Winsor%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Justin+Winsor%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Justin+Winsor%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Justin+Winsor%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2010</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.duxburyhistory.org">"Duxbury Rural and Historical Society"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Duxbury+Rural+and+Historical+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.duxburyhistory.org&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Winsor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Davis, D. G., Carpenter, K.E., Wiegand, W.A., and Aikin, J. (2002). Winsor, Dewey, and Putnam : the Boston experience. Champaign, Ill.: Graduate School of Library and Information Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB1911-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Winsor, Justin"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Winsor,_Justin">"Winsor, Justin" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 733.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Winsor%2C+Justin&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=733&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Winsor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Channing197-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Channing197_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChanning1898" class="citation journal cs1">Channing, E. (1898). "Justin Winsor". <i>The American Historical Review</i>. <b>3</b> (2): 197–202. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1832499">10.2307/1832499</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1832499">1832499</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=Justin+Winsor&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=197-202&rft.date=1898&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1832499&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1832499%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Channing&rft.aufirst=E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Winsor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrundin1975" class="citation journal cs1">Brundin, Robert E. (January 1975). "Justin Winsor of Harvard and the Liberalizing of the College Library". <i>The Journal of Library History</i>. <b>1</b> (10): 57–70. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25540606">25540606</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Library+History&rft.atitle=Justin+Winsor+of+Harvard+and+the+Liberalizing+of+the+College+Library&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=57-70&rft.date=1975-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25540606%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Brundin&rft.aufirst=Robert+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Winsor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/645522/Justin-Winsor">"Justin Winsor (American librarian)"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. Britannica<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 16,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Justin+Winsor+%28American+librarian%29&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pub=Britannica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F645522%2FJustin-Winsor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Winsor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amacad.org/person/justin-winsor">"Justin Winsor | American Academy of Arts and Sciences"</a>. <i>www.amacad.org</i>. February 9, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 26,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.amacad.org&rft.atitle=Justin+Winsor+%7C+American+Academy+of+Arts+and+Sciences&rft.date=2023-02-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amacad.org%2Fperson%2Fjustin-winsor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Winsor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanantiquarian.org/memberlistw">American Antiquarian Society Members Directory</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Justin+Winsor&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced">"APS Member History"</a>. <i>search.amphilsoc.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 26,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=search.amphilsoc.org&rft.atitle=APS+Member+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.amphilsoc.org%2Fmemhist%2Fsearch%3Fcreator%3DJustin%2BWinsor%26title%3D%26subject%3D%26subdiv%3D%26mem%3D%26year%3D%26year-max%3D%26dead%3D%26keyword%3D%26smode%3Dadvanced&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Winsor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecrimson.com/article/1897/10/23/death-of-justin-winsor-dr-justin/">"Death of Justin Winsor"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Harvard_Crimson" title="The Harvard Crimson">The Harvard Crimson</a></i>. October 23, 1897<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 15,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Harvard+Crimson&rft.atitle=Death+of+Justin+Winsor&rft.date=1897-10-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecrimson.com%2Farticle%2F1897%2F10%2F23%2Fdeath-of-justin-winsor-dr-justin%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Winsor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1887/05/the-shakespeare-shapleigh-entanglement/633905/">"The Shakespeare-Shapleigh Entanglement"</a>. <i>The Atlantic</i>. May 1, 1887<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 15,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=The+Shakespeare-Shapleigh+Entanglement&rft.date=1887-05-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fmagazine%2Farchive%2F1887%2F05%2Fthe-shakespeare-shapleigh-entanglement%2F633905%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Winsor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Justin_Winsor&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Carpenter, Kenneth "Justin Winsor, Librarian and Scholar," in <i>Winsor, Dewey, and Putnam: The Boston Experience</i> by Donald G. Davis Jr., Kenneth E. Carpenter, Wayne A. Wiegand, and Jane Aiken. Occasional Paper no. 212. Champaign: GSLIS Publications Office, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2002. 37 pp. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87845-121-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87845-121-0">978-0-87845-121-0</a></li> <li>Channing, Edwards <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044080239643&view=1up&seq=5">"Justin Winsor" Reprinted from the American Historical Review Vol. III No. 2 January 1898</a> from Harvard University Digitized by Google</li> <li>Foster, William E. (1926). <i>Five men of '76</i>. Chicago: American Library Association. (Justin Winsor, W.F. Poole, C.A. Cutter, Melvil Dewey and R.R. Bowker).</li> <li>Winsor, Justin. <i>Justin Winsor, Scholar-Librarian.</i> (1980). Edited by Wayne Cutler and Michael H. Harris. Littleton, CO: Libraries Unlimited, Inc., 1980. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87287-200-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87287-200-4">978-0-87287-200-4</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilsonFiske1889" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Grant_Wilson" title="James Grant Wilson">Wilson, J. G.</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_Fiske_(philosopher)" title="John Fiske (philosopher)">Fiske, J.</a>, eds. (1889). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Winsor, Justin"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Appletons%27_Cyclop%C3%A6dia_of_American_Biography/Winsor,_Justin">"Winsor, Justin" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Appletons%27_Cyclop%C3%A6dia_of_American_Biography" title="Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography">Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography</a></i>. New York: D. Appleton.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Winsor%2C+Justin&rft.btitle=Appletons%27+Cyclop%C3%A6dia+of+American+Biography&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=D.+Appleton&rft.date=1889&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Winsor" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/003792066"><i>Winsor, Dewey, And Putnam: the Boston Experience. Champaign, Ill.: Graduate School of Library and Information Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2002</i></a>. Occasional papers / University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Graduate School of Library and Information Science,0276-1769 ;no. 212. Graduate School of Library and Information Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. 2002. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780878451210" title="Special:BookSources/9780878451210"><bdi>9780878451210</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Winsor%2C+Dewey%2C+And+Putnam%3A+the+Boston+Experience.+Champaign%2C+Ill.%3A+Graduate+School+of+Library+and+Information+Science%2C+University+of+Illinois+at+Urbana-Champaign%2C+2002&rft.series=Occasional+papers+%2F+University+of+Illinois+at+Urbana-Champaign.+Graduate+School+of+Library+and+Information+Science%2C0276-1769+%3Bno.+212&rft.pub=Graduate+School+of+Library+and+Information+Science%2C+University+of+Illinois+at+Urbana-Champaign&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780878451210&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.hathitrust.org%2FRecord%2F003792066&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJustin+Winsor" class="Z3988"></span> Paper from IFLA Conference, 2001</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Justin_Winsor&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about <br /> <b>Justin Winsor</b> <hr /></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=viaf&su=68975415">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=viaf&su=68975415&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li> </ul></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><b>By Justin Winsor</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?at=viaf&au=68975415&library=OLBP">Online books</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?at=viaf&au=68975415">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?at=viaf&au=68975415&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li></ul> </div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Justin_Winsor" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Justin Winsor">Justin Winsor</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bpl.org/general/trustees/winsor.htm"><i>Board of Trustees - Former Trustees, Justin Winsor</i></a> from the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Public_Library" title="Boston Public Library">Boston Public Library</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bartleby.com/227/0816.html"><i>The Cambridge History of English and American Literature</i> etc., at Bartleby.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historians.org/info/AHA_History/charter.htm">Charter of the American Historical Association</a> from the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040613125440/http://historians.org/index.cfm">American Historical Association</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041023034325/http://www.ala.org/ala/ourassociation/governingdocs/charterof1879/charter1879.htm">Charter of the American Library Association</a> from the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ala.org/">American Library Association</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040904210128/http://www.grolierclub.org/LibraryAMC.Winsor.htm"><i>Justin Winsor: Drafts of Various Bibliographical Works</i></a> from the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grolierclub.org/">Grolier Club of New York</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/41501">Works by Justin Winsor</a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Winsor%2C%20Justin%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Justin%20Winsor%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Winsor%2C%20Justin%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Justin%20Winsor%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Winsor%2C%20J%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Justin%20Winsor%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Winsor%2C%20Justin%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Justin%20Winsor%22%29%20OR%20%28%221831-1897%22%20AND%20Winsor%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Justin Winsor</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid lightgreen">Non-profit organization positions </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New institution</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_American_Library_Association" title="List of presidents of the American Library Association">President of the American Library Association</a> </b><br />1876–1885 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_Frederick_Poole" title="William Frederick Poole">William Frederick Poole</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Brett" title="William Howard Brett">William Howard Brett</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_American_Library_Association" title="List of presidents of the American Library Association">President of the American Library Association</a> </b><br />1897 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Rutherford_P._Hayes" title="Rutherford P. Hayes">Rutherford P. Hayes</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/George_Bancroft" title="George Bancroft">George Bancroft</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/American_Historical_Association#Past_presidents" title="American Historical Association">President of the American Historical Association</a> </b><br />1887 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_Frederick_Poole" title="William Frederick Poole">William Frederick Poole</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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Historical Association presidents"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:American_Historical_Association_presidents" title="Special:EditPage/Template:American Historical Association presidents"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidents_of_the_American_Historical_Association" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Presidents of the <a href="/wiki/American_Historical_Association" title="American Historical Association">American Historical Association</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1884–1900</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Dickson_White" title="Andrew Dickson White">Andrew Dickson White</a> (1884–1885)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Bancroft" title="George Bancroft">George Bancroft</a> (1886)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Justin Winsor</a> (1887)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Frederick_Poole" title="William Frederick Poole">William Frederick Poole</a> (1888)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Kendall_Adams" title="Charles Kendall Adams">Charles Kendall Adams</a> (1889)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Jay_(lawyer)" title="John Jay (lawyer)">John Jay</a> (1890)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Wirt_Henry" title="William Wirt Henry">William Wirt Henry</a> (1891)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Burrill_Angell" title="James Burrill Angell">James Burrill Angell</a> (1892–1893)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Adams" title="Henry Adams">Henry Adams</a> (1893–1894)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_F._Hoar" title="George F. Hoar">George F. Hoar</a> (1895)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Salter_Storrs" title="Richard Salter Storrs">Richard Salter Storrs</a> (1896)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Schouler" title="James Schouler">James Schouler</a> (1897)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Park_Fisher" title="George Park Fisher">George Park Fisher</a> (1898)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Ford_Rhodes" title="James Ford Rhodes">James Ford Rhodes</a> (1899)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Eggleston" title="Edward Eggleston">Edward Eggleston</a> (1900)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1901–1925</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Francis_Adams_Jr." title="Charles Francis Adams Jr.">Charles Francis Adams Jr.</a> (1901)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Thayer_Mahan" title="Alfred Thayer Mahan">Alfred Thayer Mahan</a> (1902)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Charles_Lea" title="Henry Charles Lea">Henry Charles Lea</a> (1903)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Goldwin_Smith" title="Goldwin Smith">Goldwin Smith</a> (1904)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Bach_McMaster" title="John Bach McMaster">John Bach McMaster</a> (1905)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Simeon_E._Baldwin" title="Simeon E. Baldwin">Simeon E. Baldwin</a> (1906)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/J._Franklin_Jameson" title="J. Franklin Jameson">J. Franklin Jameson</a> (1907)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Burton_Adams" title="George Burton Adams">George Burton Adams</a> (1908)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Bushnell_Hart" title="Albert Bushnell Hart">Albert Bushnell Hart</a> (1909)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Jackson_Turner" title="Frederick Jackson Turner">Frederick Jackson Turner</a> (1910)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Milligan_Sloane" title="William Milligan Sloane">William Milligan Sloane</a> (1911)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a> (1912)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Archibald_Dunning" title="William Archibald Dunning">William Archibald Dunning</a> (1913)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_C._McLaughlin" title="Andrew C. McLaughlin">Andrew C. McLaughlin</a> (1914)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/H._Morse_Stephens" title="H. Morse Stephens">H. Morse Stephens</a> (1915)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Lincoln_Burr" title="George Lincoln Burr">George Lincoln Burr</a> (1916)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Worthington_C._Ford" title="Worthington C. Ford">Worthington C. Ford</a> (1917)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Roscoe_Thayer" title="William Roscoe Thayer">William Roscoe Thayer</a> (1918–1919)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Channing" title="Edward Channing">Edward Channing</a> (1920)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Jules_Jusserand" title="Jean Jules Jusserand">Jean Jules Jusserand</a> (1921)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Homer_Haskins" title="Charles Homer Haskins">Charles Homer Haskins</a> (1922)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Potts_Cheyney" title="Edward Potts Cheyney">Edward Potts Cheyney</a> (1923)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a> (1924)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_McLean_Andrews" title="Charles McLean Andrews">Charles McLean Andrews</a> (1924–1925)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1926–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dana_Carleton_Munro" title="Dana Carleton Munro">Dana Carleton Munro</a> (1926)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Osborn_Taylor" title="Henry Osborn Taylor">Henry Osborn Taylor</a> (1927)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Henry_Breasted" title="James Henry Breasted">James Henry Breasted</a> (1928)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Harvey_Robinson" title="James Harvey Robinson">James Harvey Robinson</a> (1929)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Evarts_Boutell_Greene" title="Evarts Boutell Greene">Evarts Boutell Greene</a> (1930)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carl_L._Becker" title="Carl L. Becker">Carl L. Becker</a> (1931)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Eugene_Bolton" title="Herbert Eugene Bolton">Herbert Eugene Bolton</a> (1932)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Beard" title="Charles A. Beard">Charles A. Beard</a> (1933)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Dodd_(ambassador)" title="William Dodd (ambassador)">William Dodd</a> (1934)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Rostovtzeff" title="Michael Rostovtzeff">Michael Rostovtzeff</a> (1935)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Howard_McIlwain" title="Charles Howard McIlwain">Charles Howard McIlwain</a> (1936)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Guy_Stanton_Ford" title="Guy Stanton Ford">Guy Stanton Ford</a> (1937)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Laurence_M._Larson" title="Laurence M. Larson">Laurence M. Larson</a> (1938)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Scott_Ferguson" title="William Scott Ferguson">William Scott Ferguson</a> (1939)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Max_Farrand" title="Max Farrand">Max Farrand</a> (1940)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Westfall_Thompson" title="James Westfall Thompson">James Westfall Thompson</a> (1941)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_M._Schlesinger_Sr." title="Arthur M. Schlesinger Sr.">Arthur M. Schlesinger Sr.</a> (1942)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nellie_Neilson" title="Nellie Neilson">Nellie Neilson</a> (1943)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Linn_Westermann" title="William Linn Westermann">William Linn Westermann</a> (1944)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carlton_J._H._Hayes" title="Carlton J. H. Hayes">Carlton J. H. Hayes</a> (1945)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Bradshaw_Fay" title="Sidney Bradshaw Fay">Sidney Bradshaw Fay</a> (1946)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Wertenbaker" title="Thomas J. Wertenbaker">Thomas J. Wertenbaker</a> (1947)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Scott_Latourette" title="Kenneth Scott Latourette">Kenneth Scott Latourette</a> (1948)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Conyers_Read" title="Conyers Read">Conyers Read</a> (1949)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Eliot_Morison" title="Samuel Eliot Morison">Samuel Eliot Morison</a> (1950)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Livingston_Schuyler" title="Robert Livingston Schuyler">Robert Livingston Schuyler</a> (1951)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_G._Randall" title="James G. Randall">James G. Randall</a> (1952)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Louis_R._Gottschalk" title="Louis R. Gottschalk">Louis R. Gottschalk</a> (1953)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Merle_Curti" title="Merle Curti">Merle Curti</a> (1954)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lynn_Thorndike" title="Lynn Thorndike">Lynn Thorndike</a> (1955)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dexter_Perkins" title="Dexter Perkins">Dexter Perkins</a> (1956)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_L._Langer" title="William L. Langer">William L. Langer</a> (1957)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Prescott_Webb" title="Walter Prescott Webb">Walter Prescott Webb</a> (1958)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allan_Nevins" title="Allan Nevins">Allan Nevins</a> (1959)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bernadotte_Everly_Schmitt" title="Bernadotte Everly Schmitt">Bernadotte Everly Schmitt</a> (1960)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Flagg_Bemis" title="Samuel Flagg Bemis">Samuel Flagg Bemis</a> (1961)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Bridenbaugh" title="Carl Bridenbaugh">Carl Bridenbaugh</a> (1962)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Crane_Brinton" title="Crane Brinton">Crane Brinton</a> (1963)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Julian_P._Boyd" title="Julian P. Boyd">Julian P. Boyd</a> (1964)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frederic_C._Lane" title="Frederic C. Lane">Frederic C. Lane</a> (1965)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roy_Franklin_Nichols" title="Roy Franklin Nichols">Roy Franklin Nichols</a> (1966)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hajo_Holborn" title="Hajo Holborn">Hajo Holborn</a> (1967)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_King_Fairbank" title="John King Fairbank">John King Fairbank</a> (1968)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/C._Vann_Woodward" title="C. Vann Woodward">C. Vann Woodward</a> (1969)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Roswell_Palmer" title="Robert Roswell Palmer">Robert Roswell Palmer</a> (1970)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_M._Potter" title="David M. Potter">David M. Potter</a> (1971)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Strayer" title="Joseph Strayer">Joseph Strayer</a> (1971)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_C._Cochran_(historian)" title="Thomas C. Cochran (historian)">Thomas C. Cochran</a> (1972)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lynn_Townsend_White_Jr." title="Lynn Townsend White Jr.">Lynn Townsend White Jr.</a> (1973)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Hanke" title="Lewis Hanke">Lewis Hanke</a> (1974)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Wright_(historian)" title="Gordon Wright (historian)">Gordon Wright</a> (1975)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_B._Morris" title="Richard B. Morris">Richard B. Morris</a> (1976)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Gibson_(historian)" title="Charles Gibson (historian)">Charles Gibson</a> (1977)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_J._Bouwsma" class="mw-redirect" title="William J. Bouwsma">William J. Bouwsma</a> (1978)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Hope_Franklin" title="John Hope Franklin">John Hope Franklin</a> (1979)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_H._Pinkney" title="David H. Pinkney">David H. Pinkney</a> (1980)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Bailyn" title="Bernard Bailyn">Bernard Bailyn</a> (1981)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gordon_A._Craig" title="Gordon A. Craig">Gordon A. Craig</a> (1982)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philip_D._Curtin" title="Philip D. Curtin">Philip D. Curtin</a> (1983)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_S._Link" title="Arthur S. Link">Arthur S. Link</a> (1984)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_H._McNeill" title="William H. McNeill">William H. McNeill</a> (1985)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carl_N._Degler" title="Carl N. Degler">Carl N. Degler</a> (1986)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Natalie_Zemon_Davis" title="Natalie Zemon Davis">Natalie Zemon Davis</a> (1987)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Akira_Iriye" title="Akira Iriye">Akira Iriye</a> (1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Louis_R._Harlan" title="Louis R. Harlan">Louis R. Harlan</a> (1989)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Herlihy" title="David Herlihy">David Herlihy</a> (1990)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Leuchtenburg" title="William Leuchtenburg">William Leuchtenburg</a> (1991)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frederic_Wakeman" title="Frederic Wakeman">Frederic Wakeman</a> (1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Louise_A._Tilly" title="Louise A. Tilly">Louise A. Tilly</a> (1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_C._Holt" title="Thomas C. Holt">Thomas C. Holt</a> (1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Coatsworth" title="John Henry Coatsworth">John Henry Coatsworth</a> (1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Walker_Bynum" title="Caroline Walker Bynum">Caroline Walker Bynum</a> (1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joyce_Appleby" title="Joyce Appleby">Joyce Appleby</a> (1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_C._Miller" title="Joseph C. Miller">Joseph C. Miller</a> (1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Darnton" title="Robert Darnton">Robert Darnton</a> (1999)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eric_Foner" title="Eric Foner">Eric Foner</a> (2000)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wm._Roger_Louis" title="Wm. Roger Louis">Wm. Roger Louis</a> (2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lynn_Hunt" title="Lynn Hunt">Lynn Hunt</a> (2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_M._McPherson" title="James M. McPherson">James M. McPherson</a> (2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_D._Spence" title="Jonathan D. Spence">Jonathan D. Spence</a> (2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_J._Sheehan" title="James J. Sheehan">James J. Sheehan</a> (2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Linda_K._Kerber" title="Linda K. Kerber">Linda K. Kerber</a> (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Weinstein_(historian)" title="Barbara Weinstein (historian)">Barbara Weinstein</a> (2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gabrielle_M._Spiegel" title="Gabrielle M. Spiegel">Gabrielle M. Spiegel</a> (2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Laurel_Thatcher_Ulrich" title="Laurel Thatcher Ulrich">Laurel Thatcher Ulrich</a> (2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barbara_D._Metcalf" title="Barbara D. Metcalf">Barbara D. Metcalf</a> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Grafton" title="Anthony Grafton">Anthony Grafton</a> (2011)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Cronon" title="William Cronon">William Cronon</a> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Pomeranz" title="Kenneth Pomeranz">Kenneth Pomeranz</a> (2013)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jan_E._Goldstein" title="Jan E. Goldstein">Jan E. Goldstein</a> (2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vicki_L._Ruiz" title="Vicki L. Ruiz">Vicki L. Ruiz</a> (2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Manning_(historian)" title="Patrick Manning (historian)">Patrick Manning</a> (2016)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tyler_E._Stovall" title="Tyler E. Stovall">Tyler E. Stovall</a> (2017)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mary_Beth_Norton" title="Mary Beth Norton">Mary Beth Norton</a> (2018)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/J._R._McNeill" title="J. R. McNeill">J. R. McNeill</a> (2019)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mary_Lindemann" title="Mary Lindemann">Mary Lindemann</a> (2020)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Jones" title="Jacqueline Jones">Jacqueline Jones</a> (2021)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_H._Sweet" title="James H. Sweet">James H. Sweet</a> (2022)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Wallace_Muir_Jr." title="Edward Wallace Muir Jr.">Edward Muir</a> (2023)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Thavolia_Glymph" title="Thavolia Glymph">Thavolia Glymph</a></i> (2024)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="American_Library_Association" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:American_Library_Association" title="Template:American Library Association"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:American_Library_Association" title="Template talk:American Library Association"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:American_Library_Association" title="Special:EditPage/Template:American Library Association"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="American_Library_Association" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/American_Library_Association" title="American Library Association">American Library Association</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Founders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Justin Winsor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Ammi_Cutter" title="Charles Ammi Cutter">Charles Ammi Cutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Swett_Green" title="Samuel Swett Green">Samuel S. Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Lyman_Whitney" title="James Lyman Whitney">James L. Whitney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melvil_Dewey" title="Melvil Dewey">Melvil Dewey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederic_Beecher_Perkins" title="Frederic Beecher Perkins">Fred B. Perkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_W._Bicknell" title="Thomas W. Bicknell">Thomas W. Bicknell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable<br /> divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Association_of_School_Librarians" title="American Association of School Librarians">American Association of School Librarians</a> (AASL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_for_Library_Collections_and_Technical_Services" title="Association for Library Collections and Technical Services">Association for Library Collections and Technical Services</a> (ALCTS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_for_Library_Service_to_Children" title="Association for Library Service to Children">Association for Library Service to Children</a> (ALSC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_College_and_Research_Libraries" class="mw-redirect" title="Association of College and Research Libraries">Association of College and Research Libraries</a> (ACRL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Specialized_and_Cooperative_Library_Agencies" class="mw-redirect" title="Association of Specialized and Cooperative Library Agencies">Association of Specialized and Cooperative Library Agencies</a> (ASCLA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_Information_Technology_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Library Information Technology Association">Library Information Technology Association</a> (LITA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Library_Association" title="Public Library Association">Public Library Association</a> (PLA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reference_and_User_Services_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Reference and User Services Association">Reference and User Services Association</a> (RUSA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Adult_Library_Services_Association" title="Young Adult Library Services Association">Young Adult Library Services Association</a> (YALSA)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Magazines and journals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Libraries" title="American Libraries">American Libraries</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Booklist" title="Booklist">Booklist</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Children_and_Libraries" title="Children and Libraries">Children and Libraries</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Choice_Reviews" class="mw-redirect" title="Choice Reviews">Choice</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/College_%26_Research_Libraries" title="College & Research Libraries">College & Research Libraries</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/College_%26_Research_Libraries_News" title="College & Research Libraries News">College & Research Libraries News</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Public_Libraries_(journal)" title="Public Libraries (journal)">Public Libraries</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reference_and_User_Services_Quarterly" title="Reference and User Services Quarterly">Reference and User Services Quarterly</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Young_Adult_Library_Services" title="Young Adult Library Services">Young Adult Library Services</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_Library_Association_awards" title="List of American Library Association awards">Literary <br />awards and <br />honors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Books_for_adults" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books for adults</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/W._Y._Boyd_Literary_Award_for_Excellence_in_Military_Fiction" title="W. Y. Boyd Literary Award for Excellence in Military Fiction">Boyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophie_Brody_Award" title="Sophie Brody Award">Brody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Carnegie_Medals_for_Excellence_in_Fiction_and_Nonfiction" title="Andrew Carnegie Medals for Excellence in Fiction and Nonfiction">Andrew Carnegie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_Medal" title="Dartmouth Medal">Dartmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliza_Atkins_Gleason_Book_Award" title="Eliza Atkins Gleason Book Award">Gleason library history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonewall_Book_Award" title="Stonewall Book Award">Stonewall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">For children and <br />young adults</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_Hill_Arbuthnot_Lecture" class="mw-redirect" title="May Hill Arbuthnot Lecture">Arbuthnot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mildred_L._Batchelder_Award" title="Mildred L. Batchelder Award">Batchelder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belpr%C3%A9_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Belpré Medal">Belpré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caldecott_Medal" title="Caldecott Medal">Caldecott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Medal_for_Excellence_in_Children%27s_Video" title="Carnegie Medal for Excellence in Children's Video">Carnegie (video)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geisel_Award" title="Geisel Award">Geisel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coretta_Scott_King_Award" title="Coretta Scott King Award">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_Literature_Legacy_Award" title="Children's Literature Legacy Award">Legacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newbery_Medal" title="Newbery Medal">Newbery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odyssey_Award" title="Odyssey Award">Odyssey (audio)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schneider_Family_Book_Award" title="Schneider Family Book Award">Schneider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibert_Medal" title="Sibert Medal">Sibert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonewall_Book_Award" title="Stonewall Book Award">Stonewall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YALSA_Award_for_Excellence_in_Nonfiction" title="YALSA Award for Excellence in Nonfiction">Excellence in Nonfiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Edwards_Award" title="Margaret Edwards Award">Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_C._Morris_Award" title="William C. Morris Award">Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_L._Printz_Award" title="Michael L. Printz Award">Printz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Book lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ALA_Notable_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="ALA Notable Books">ALA Notable Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Awards" title="Alex Awards">Alex Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazing_Audiobooks_for_Young_Adults" title="Amazing Audiobooks for Young Adults">Amazing YA Audiobooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALA_Best_Fiction_for_Young_Adults" class="mw-redirect" title="ALA Best Fiction for Young Adults">Best YA Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Graphic_Novels_for_Teens" title="Great Graphic Novels for Teens">Great Graphic Novels for Teens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outstanding_Academic_Title" class="mw-redirect" title="Outstanding Academic Title">Outstanding Academic Title</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Paperbacks_for_Young_Adults" title="Popular Paperbacks for Young Adults">Popular YA Paperbacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quick_Picks_for_Reluctant_Young_Adult_Readers" title="Quick Picks for Reluctant Young Adult Readers">Quick Picks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Library_Association_Rainbow_Book_List" title="American Library Association Rainbow Book List">Rainbow List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reference_and_User_Services_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Reference and User Services Association">Outstanding Reference Sources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rise:_A_Feminist_Book_Project" title="Rise: A Feminist Book Project">Rise: A Feminist Book Project</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_American_Library_Association" title="List of presidents of the American Library Association">Presidents of the ALA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_Library_Association_accredited_library_schools" title="List of American Library Association accredited library schools">ALA accredited library schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banned_Books_Week" title="Banned Books Week">Banned Books Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_to_Read_Foundation" title="Freedom to Read Foundation">Freedom to Read Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_Bill_of_Rights" title="Library Bill of Rights">Library Bill of Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_Round_Table" title="Rainbow Round Table">Rainbow Round Table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Caucus_of_the_American_Library_Association" title="Black Caucus of the American Library Association">Black Caucus</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._American_Library_Ass%27n" title="United States v. American Library Ass'n">United States v. American Library Ass'n</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Presidents_of_the_American_Library_Association" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:ALA_Presidents" title="Template:ALA Presidents"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:ALA_Presidents" title="Template talk:ALA Presidents"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:ALA_Presidents" title="Special:EditPage/Template:ALA Presidents"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidents_of_the_American_Library_Association" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_American_Library_Association" title="List of presidents of the American Library Association">Presidents</a> of the <a href="/wiki/American_Library_Association" title="American Library Association">American Library Association</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Winsor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Frederick_Poole" title="William Frederick Poole">Poole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Ammi_Cutter" title="Charles Ammi Cutter">Cutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_M._Crunden" title="Frederick M. Crunden">Crunden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melvil_Dewey" title="Melvil Dewey">Dewey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Swett_Green" title="Samuel Swett Green">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klas_August_Linderfelt" title="Klas August Linderfelt">Linderfelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_I._Fletcher" title="William I. Fletcher">Fletcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melvil_Dewey" title="Melvil Dewey">Dewey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephus_Nelson_Larned" title="Josephus Nelson Larned">Larned</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Munson_Utley" title="Henry Munson Utley">H. M. Utley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cotton_Dana" title="John Cotton Dana">Dana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Brett" title="William Howard Brett">Brett</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Winsor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Putnam" title="Herbert Putnam">Putnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Coolidge_Lane" title="William Coolidge Lane">Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuben_Gold_Thwaites" title="Reuben Gold Thwaites">Thwaites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_James_Carr" title="Henry James Carr">Carr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Shaw_Billings" title="John Shaw Billings">Billings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Kendall_Hosmer" title="James Kendall Hosmer">Hosmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Putnam" title="Herbert Putnam">Putnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Cushing_Richardson" title="Ernest Cushing Richardson">Richardson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Pierce_Hill" title="Frank Pierce Hill">Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Walker_Andrews" title="Clement Walker Andrews">Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Elmore_Bostwick" title="Arthur Elmore Bostwick">Bostwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Henry_Gould" title="Charles Henry Gould">Gould</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Dana_Carlile_Hodges" title="Nathaniel Dana Carlile Hodges">Hodges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Ingersoll_Wyer" title="James Ingersoll Wyer">J. I. Wyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theresa_Elmendorf" title="Theresa Elmendorf">Elmendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Eduard_Legler" title="Henry Eduard Legler">Legler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_H._Anderson" title="Edwin H. Anderson">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiller_Crowell_Wellman" title="Hiller Crowell Wellman">Wellman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Wright_Plummer" title="Mary Wright Plummer">Plummer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Lewis_Brown" title="Walter Lewis Brown">W. L. Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lynch_Montgomery" title="Thomas Lynch Montgomery">Montgomery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Warner_Bishop" title="William Warner Bishop">Bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalmers_Hadley" title="Chalmers Hadley">Hadley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_S._Tyler" title="Alice S. Tyler">Tyler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azariah_Smith_Root" title="Azariah Smith Root">Root</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Burwell_Utley" title="George Burwell Utley">G.B. Utley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judson_Toll_Jennings" title="Judson Toll Jennings">Jennings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herman_H._B._Meyer" title="Herman H. B. Meyer">Meyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_F._D._Belden" title="Charles F. D. Belden">Belden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Locke" title="George Locke">Locke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_B._Roden" title="Carl B. Roden">Roden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Eastman" title="Linda Eastman">Eastman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Keogh_(librarian)" title="Andrew Keogh (librarian)">Keogh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Strohm" title="Adam Strohm">Strohm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephine_Adams_Rathbone" title="Josephine Adams Rathbone">Rathbone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_M._Lydenberg" title="Harry M. Lydenberg">Lydenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gratia_Countryman" title="Gratia Countryman">Countryman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_H._Compton" title="Charles H. Compton">Compton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Round_Wilson" title="Louis Round Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Glenn_Wyer" title="Malcolm Glenn Wyer">M. G. Wyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrison_Warwick_Craver" title="Harrison Warwick Craver">Craver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_J._Ferguson" title="Milton J. Ferguson">Ferguson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Munn" title="Ralph Munn">Munn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essae_Martha_Culver" title="Essae Martha Culver">Culver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Harvey_Brown" title="Charles Harvey Brown">C. H. Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keyes_Metcalf" title="Keyes Metcalf">Metcalf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Althea_Warren" title="Althea Warren">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Vitz" title="Carl Vitz">Vitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Ulveling" title="Ralph Ulveling">Ulveling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_U._Rothrock" title="Mary U. Rothrock">Rothrock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_North_Rice" title="Paul North Rice">Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Errett_Weir_McDiarmid" title="Errett Weir McDiarmid">McDiarmid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_E._Lord" title="Milton E. Lord">Lord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_R._Graham" title="Clarence R. Graham">Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loleta_Fyan" title="Loleta Fyan">Fyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Downs" title="Robert B. Downs">Downs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_Belle_Ludington" title="Flora Belle Ludington">Ludington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Quincy_Mumford" title="Lawrence Quincy Mumford">Mumford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_S._Richards" title="John S. Richards">Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_R._Shaw" title="Ralph R. Shaw">Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucile_M._Morsch" title="Lucile M. Morsch">Morsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emerson_Greenaway" title="Emerson Greenaway">Greenaway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_E._Powell" title="Benjamin E. Powell">Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Lander_Spain" title="Frances Lander Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florrinell_F._Morton" title="Florrinell F. Morton">Morton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_E._Bryan" title="James E. Bryan">Bryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_H._Wagman" title="Frederick H. Wagman">Wagman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Castagna" title="Edwin Castagna">Castagna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_G._Vosper" title="Robert G. Vosper">Vosper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Virginia_Gaver" title="Mary Virginia Gaver">Gaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foster_E._Mohrhardt" title="Foster E. Mohrhardt">Mohrhardt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_McDonough" title="Roger McDonough">McDonough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_S._Dix" title="William S. Dix">Dix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillian_M._Bradshaw" title="Lillian M. Bradshaw">Bradshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Doms" title="Keith Doms">Doms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Laich" title="Katherine Laich">Laich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_E._Lowrie" title="Jean E. Lowrie">Lowrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_G._Holley" title="Edward G. Holley">Holley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allie_Beth_Martin" title="Allie Beth Martin">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clara_Stanton_Jones" title="Clara Stanton Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Moon" title="Eric Moon">Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Shank" title="Russell Shank">Shank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Galvin" title="Thomas J. Galvin">Galvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peggy_Sullivan" title="Peggy Sullivan">Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_W._Stone" title="Elizabeth W. Stone">Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_A._Nemeyer" title="Carol A. Nemeyer">Nemeyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooke_E._Sheldon" title="Brooke E. Sheldon">Sheldon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._J._Josey" title="E. J. Josey">Josey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beverly_P._Lynch" title="Beverly P. Lynch">Lynch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regina_Minudri" title="Regina Minudri">Minudri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_E._Chisholm" title="Margaret E. 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href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA0371628X?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1015257">Trove</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/030532795">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6tb1cjt">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐5dc468848‐8zk4b Cached 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