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cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> Edit </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style>McMaster University (McMaster or Mac) is a public <a href="/wiki/Research_university" title="Research university">research university</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_Ontario" title="Hamilton, Ontario">Hamilton, Ontario</a>, Canada. The main McMaster campus is on 121 hectares (300 acres) of land near the residential neighbourhoods of <a href="/wiki/Ainslie_Wood,_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Ainslie Wood, Ontario">Ainslie Wood</a> and <a href="/wiki/Westdale,_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Westdale, Ontario">Westdale</a>, adjacent to the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Botanical_Gardens,_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Botanical Gardens, Ontario">Royal Botanical Gardens</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MACFF-9">[8]</a> It operates six <a href="/wiki/Faculty_(division)" title="Faculty (division)">academic faculties</a>: the <a href="/wiki/DeGroote_School_of_Business" title="DeGroote School of Business">DeGroote School of Business</a>, <a href="/wiki/McMaster_Faculty_of_Engineering" title="McMaster Faculty of Engineering">Engineering</a>, <a href="/wiki/McMaster_Faculty_of_Health_Sciences" title="McMaster Faculty of Health Sciences">Health Sciences</a>, Humanities, <a href="/wiki/McMaster_Faculty_of_Social_Sciences" title="McMaster Faculty of Social Sciences">Social Science</a>, and <a href="/wiki/McMaster_Faculty_of_Science" title="McMaster Faculty of Science">Science</a>. It is a member of the <a href="/wiki/U15_Group_of_Canadian_Research_Universities" title="U15 Group of Canadian Research Universities">U15</a>, a group of research-intensive universities in Canada.<a href="#cite_note-10">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[10]</a> <table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">McMaster University</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:McMasterCoA.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/50/McMasterCoA.png/150px-McMasterCoA.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/50/McMasterCoA.png/225px-McMasterCoA.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/50/McMasterCoA.png 2x" data-file-width="243" data-file-height="410"></a><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="#Coat_of_arms">Coat of arms</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Motto</th><td class="infobox-data">Τὰ πάντα ἐν Χριστῷ συνέστηκεν (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Motto in English</div></th><td class="infobox-data">In Christ all things consist<a href="#cite_note-RegisterofArms-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Public_university" title="Public university">Public university</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">23 April 1887 (137 years ago) (1887-04-23)<a href="#cite_note-4">[note 1]</a><a href="#cite_note-AtuTBCaWC-5">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Affiliation</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Commonwealth_Universities" title="Association of Commonwealth Universities">ACU</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Association_of_Research_Libraries" title="Canadian Association of Research Libraries">CARL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ontario_Universities" title="Council of Ontario Universities">COU</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fields_Institute" title="Fields Institute">Fields Institute</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/International_Association_of_Universities" title="International Association of Universities">IAU</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Universities_Canada" title="Universities Canada">Universities Canada</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/U15_Group_of_Canadian_Research_Universities" title="U15 Group of Canadian Research Universities">U15</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Universitas_21" title="Universitas 21">U21</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Financial_endowment" title="Financial endowment">Endowment</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_dollar" title="Canadian dollar">CA$</a>908.7 million<a href="#cite_note-6">[5]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_(education)" title="Chancellor (education)">Chancellor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Santee_Smith" title="Santee Smith">Santee Smith</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/University_president" class="mw-redirect" title="University president">President</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/David_H._Farrar" title="David H. Farrar">David H. Farrar</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Provost_(education)" title="Provost (education)">Provost</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Susan_Tighe" title="Susan Tighe">Susan Tighe</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Academic staff</div></th><td class="infobox-data">992<a href="#cite_note-quickfacts-7">[6]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Administrative staff</div></th><td class="infobox-data">12,786<a href="#cite_note-quickfacts-7">[6]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Students</th><td class="infobox-data">37,589 (2023-2024)<a href="#cite_note-quickfacts-7">[6]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Undergraduate_education" title="Undergraduate education">Undergraduates</a></th><td class="infobox-data">32,102<a href="#cite_note-quickfacts-7">[6]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Postgraduate_education" title="Postgraduate education">Postgraduates</a></th><td class="infobox-data">5,487<a href="#cite_note-quickfacts-7">[6]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div style="display:inline" class="locality"><a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_Ontario" title="Hamilton, Ontario">Hamilton, Ontario</a></div>, <div style="display:inline" class="country-name">Canada</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=McMaster_University&params=43_15_48_N_79_55_8_W_type:edu_region:CA-ON">43°15′48″N 79°55′8″W / 43.26333°N 79.91889°W / 43.26333; -79.91889</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Campus</th><td class="infobox-data">Urban, 152.4 hectares (377 acres)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/School_colors" title="School colors">Colours</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maroon_(color)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maroon (color)">Maroon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gray_(color)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gray (color)">grey</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[7]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Athletic_nickname" title="Athletic nickname">Nickname</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/McMaster_Marauders" title="McMaster Marauders">Marauders</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Sporting affiliations</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/U_Sports" title="U Sports">U Sports</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ontario_University_Athletics" title="Ontario University Athletics">OUA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canadian_University_Field_Lacrosse_Association" title="Canadian University Field Lacrosse Association">CUFLA</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Mascot</th><td class="infobox-data">Mac the Marauder</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mcmaster.ca/">www.mcmaster.ca</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q632891#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:McMaster_University_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/53/McMaster_University_logo.svg/150px-McMaster_University_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/53/McMaster_University_logo.svg/225px-McMaster_University_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/53/McMaster_University_logo.svg/300px-McMaster_University_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="425" data-file-height="235"></a></td></tr></tbody></table> The university bears the name of <a href="/wiki/William_McMaster" title="William McMaster">William McMaster</a>, a prominent Canadian <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Canada" title="Senate of Canada">senator</a> and banker who bequeathed <a href="/wiki/Canadian_dollar" title="Canadian dollar">C$</a>900,000 to its founding.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGraham19853-12">[11]</a> It was incorporated under the terms of an act of the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Ontario" title="Legislative Assembly of Ontario">Legislative Assembly of Ontario</a> in 1887, merging the Toronto Baptist College with Woodstock College. It opened in <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a> in 1890. Inadequate facilities and the gift of land in Hamilton prompted its relocation in 1930.<a href="#cite_note-MAC20-13">[12]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Baptist_Convention_of_Ontario_and_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptist Convention of Ontario and Quebec">Baptist Convention of Ontario and Quebec</a> controlled the university until it became a privately chartered, publicly funded non-denominational institution in 1957. As of 2024, McMaster University has over 32,000 undergraduate and over 5,000 post-graduate students.<a href="#cite_note-quickfacts-7">[6]</a> Alumni and former students reside across Canada and in 143 countries.<a href="#cite_note-fbook-14">[13]</a> Its athletic teams are known as the <a href="/wiki/McMaster_Marauders" title="McMaster Marauders">Marauders</a>, and are members of <a href="/wiki/U_Sports" title="U Sports">U Sports</a>. Notable alumni include government officials, academics, business leaders, <a href="/wiki/Rhodes_Scholarship" title="Rhodes Scholarship">Rhodes Scholars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gates_Cambridge_Scholarship" title="Gates Cambridge Scholarship">Gates Cambridge Scholars</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel laureates</a>.<a href="#cite_note-15">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-GatesS-16">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-Nobel-17">[16]</a> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History">1 History</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Campus">2 Campus</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Academic_facilities">2.1 Academic facilities</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Library_and_museum">2.2 Library and museum</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Housing_and_student_facilities">2.3 Housing and student facilities</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Off-campus_facilities">2.4 Off-campus facilities</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Sustainability">2.5 Sustainability</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Administration">3 Administration</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Affiliated_institution">3.1 Affiliated institution</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Finances">3.2 Finances</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Academics">4 Academics</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#McMaster_Model">4.1 McMaster Model</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Rankings_and_reputation">4.2 Rankings and reputation</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Research">4.3 Research</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Admissions">4.4 Admissions</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#Student_life">5 Student life</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Student_groups">5.1 Student groups</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Athletics">5.2 Athletics</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="#Insignias_and_other_representations">6 Insignias and other representations</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#Motto_and_songs">6.1 Motto and songs</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="#Coat_of_arms">6.2 Coat of arms</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"><a href="#Notable_alumni_and_faculty">7 Notable alumni and faculty</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><a href="#See_also">8 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24"><a href="#Explanatory_notes">9 Explanatory notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-25"><a href="#References">10 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-26"><a href="#Further_reading">11 Further reading</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-27"><a href="#External_links">12 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="History">History</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=McMaster_University&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> McMaster University resulted from the outgrowth of educational initiatives undertaken by <a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptists</a> as early as the 1830s.<a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a> The predecessor institution of McMaster was established in 1881 as Toronto Baptist College.<a href="#cite_note-19">[18]</a> Canadian <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Canada" title="Senate of Canada">Senator</a> William McMaster, the first president of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Bank_of_Commerce" title="Canadian Bank of Commerce">Canadian Bank of Commerce</a>, bequeathed funds to endow a university, which was incorporated through a merger of Toronto Baptist College and the faculty of theology in Woodstock College, <a href="/wiki/Woodstock,_Ontario" title="Woodstock, Ontario">Woodstock, Ontario</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AtuTBCaWC-5">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-heritagetrust-3">[3]</a> The merger was formalized in 1887 when the Act to unite Toronto Baptist College and Woodstock College was granted royal assent, with the newly incorporated institution being named McMaster University.<a href="#cite_note-AtuTBCaWC-5">[4]</a> In 1887, the widow of William McMaster, <a href="/wiki/Susan_Moulton_McMaster" title="Susan Moulton McMaster">Susan Moulton McMaster</a>, conveyed a former family residence to the university for the purpose of establishing a <a href="/wiki/College-preparatory_school" title="College-preparatory school">preparatory school</a> for girls. The Ladies' Department of Woodstock College transferred control of its Ladies' Department to the university, and the building was reopened as <a href="/wiki/Moulton_College_(Toronto)" title="Moulton College (Toronto)">Moulton Ladies' College</a> in 1888.<a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a> The preparatory school operated until 1958, when it was closed by the university.<a href="#cite_note-herttru1-2">[2]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RCMPostcard.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="Portrait of McMaster Hall, located in Toronto, Ontario" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/RCMPostcard.JPG/250px-RCMPostcard.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="880" data-file-height="559"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 140px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/RCMPostcard.JPG/250px-RCMPostcard.JPG" data-alt="Portrait of McMaster Hall, located in Toronto, Ontario" data-width="220" data-height="140" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/RCMPostcard.JPG/330px-RCMPostcard.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/RCMPostcard.JPG/500px-RCMPostcard.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>McMaster Hall, located in Toronto, was the original location of the university. The building is currently used as the headquarters for <a href="/wiki/The_Royal_Conservatory_of_Music" title="The Royal Conservatory of Music">The Royal Conservatory of Music</a>.</figcaption></figure> The new university, housed in McMaster Hall in <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>, was sponsored by the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Baptists_of_Ontario_and_Quebec" title="Canadian Baptists of Ontario and Quebec">Baptist Convention of Ontario and Quebec</a> as an undergraduate institution for its clergy and adherents. The first courses—initially limited to arts and theology leading to a BA degree—were taught in 1890, and the first degrees were conferred in 1894.<a href="#cite_note-CE-21">[20]</a> As the university grew, McMaster Hall started to become overcrowded. The suggestion to move the university to Hamilton was first brought up by a student and Hamilton native in 1909, although the proposal was not seriously considered by the university until two years later.<a href="#cite_note-22">[21]</a> By the 1920s, after previous proposals between various university staff, the Hamilton Chamber of Commerce launched a campaign to bring McMaster University to Hamilton.<a href="#cite_note-MAC20-13">[12]</a> As the issue of space at McMaster Hall became more acute, the university administration <a href="/wiki/Debate" title="Debate">debated</a> the future of the <a href="/wiki/University" title="University">university</a>. The university nearly became federated with the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto" title="University of Toronto">University of Toronto</a>, as had been the case with <a href="/wiki/Trinity_College_(U_of_T)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinity College (U of T)">Trinity College</a> and <a href="/wiki/Victoria_College_(U_of_T)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria College (U of T)">Victoria College</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hamilton_Hall_at_McMaster_University.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="Hamilton Hall at McMaster University" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Hamilton_Hall_at_McMaster_University.jpg/250px-Hamilton_Hall_at_McMaster_University.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2654"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Hamilton_Hall_at_McMaster_University.jpg/250px-Hamilton_Hall_at_McMaster_University.jpg" data-alt="Hamilton Hall at McMaster University" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Hamilton_Hall_at_McMaster_University.jpg/330px-Hamilton_Hall_at_McMaster_University.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Hamilton_Hall_at_McMaster_University.jpg/500px-Hamilton_Hall_at_McMaster_University.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Hamilton Hall was constructed in 1926 in preparation for the university's move to Hamilton.</figcaption></figure> Instead, in 1927, the university administration decided to move the university to Hamilton.<a href="#cite_note-MAC20-13">[12]</a> The Baptist Convention of Ontario and Quebec secured $1.5 million, while the citizens of Hamilton raised an additional $500,000 to help finance the move.<a href="#cite_note-MAC30-23">[22]</a> The lands for the university and new buildings were secured through gifts from graduates.<a href="#cite_note-CE-21">[20]</a> Lands were transferred from <a href="/wiki/Royal_Botanical_Gardens_(Ontario)" title="Royal Botanical Gardens (Ontario)">Royal Botanical Gardens</a> to establish the campus area. The first academic session on the new Hamilton campus began in 1930.<a href="#cite_note-MAC30-23">[22]</a> McMaster's property in Toronto was sold to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto" title="University of Toronto">University of Toronto</a> when McMaster moved to Hamilton in 1930. McMaster Hall is now home to the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Conservatory_of_Music_(Toronto)" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Conservatory of Music (Toronto)">Royal Conservatory of Music</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CE-21">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[23]</a> Professional programs during the interwar period were limited to just theology and nursing.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGidney200494-25">[24]</a> By the 1940s the McMaster administration was under pressure to modernize and expand the university's programs. During the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a> and post-war periods the demand for technological expertise, particularly in the sciences, increased.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGidney200494-25">[24]</a> This problem placed a strain on the finances of what was still a denominational Baptist institution. In particular, the institution could no longer secure sufficient funds from denominational sources alone to sustain science research.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGidney200494-25">[24]</a> Since denominational institutions could not receive public funds, the Baptist Convention of Ontario and Quebec decided to reorganize the university, creating two federated colleges. The arts and divinity programs were reconstituted as University College and science was reorganized under the newly incorporated Hamilton College as a separate division capable of receiving provincial grants.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGidney200494-25">[24]</a> Hamilton College was incorporated in 1948 by letters patent under The Companies Act, although it remained only affiliated with the university.<a href="#cite_note-BILLPr7-26">[25]</a> The university traditionally focused on undergraduate studies, and did not offer a PhD program until 1949.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJenkins20046-27">[26]</a> Through the 1950s increased funding advanced the place of sciences within the institution.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGidney200495-28">[27]</a> In 1950, the university had completed the construction of three academic buildings for the sciences, all designed by local architect William Russell Souter.<a href="#cite_note-29">[28]</a> Public funding was eventually necessary to ensure the humanities and social sciences were given an equal place.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGidney200495-28">[27]</a> Thus, in 1957 the university reorganized once again under The McMaster University Act, 1957, dissolving the two colleges. Its property was vested to McMaster and the university became a nondenominational institution eligible for public funding.<a href="#cite_note-BILLPr7-26">[25]</a> The historic Baptist connection was continued through <a href="/wiki/McMaster_Divinity_College" title="McMaster Divinity College">McMaster Divinity College</a>, a separately chartered affiliated college of the university.<a href="#cite_note-CE-21">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-DivHis2-30">[29]</a> Also in 1957, PhD programs were consolidated in a new Faculty of Graduate Studies.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJenkins20046-27">[26]</a> Construction of the <a href="/wiki/McMaster_Nuclear_Reactor" title="McMaster Nuclear Reactor">McMaster Nuclear Reactor</a> also began in 1957, and was the first university-based <a href="/wiki/Research_reactor" title="Research reactor">research reactor</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth</a> when it began operating in 1959.<a href="#cite_note-31">[30]</a> In 1965, with the support of the Ontario government, the university established a medical school and teaching hospital, graduating its first class of physicians in 1972.<a href="#cite_note-32">[31]</a> In 1968 the university was reorganized under an amended act of the McMaster Act into the Divisions of Arts, Science, and Health Sciences, each with its own vice-president, while the Divinity College continued under its existing arrangement.<a href="#cite_note-BILLPr7-26">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hist2-33">[32]</a> In 1974 the divisional structure of the university was dissolved and reorganized again under The McMaster University Act, 1976 and the vice-presidents were replaced by a single vice-president (academic).<a href="#cite_note-BILLPr7-26">[25]</a> The Faculties of Business, Engineering, Health Sciences, Humanities, Science, and Social Sciences were retained, each under the leadership of a dean. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Campus">Campus</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=McMaster_University&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Campus" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Conhall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Conhall.jpg/170px-Conhall.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 227px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Conhall.jpg/170px-Conhall.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="227" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Conhall.jpg/255px-Conhall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Conhall.jpg/340px-Conhall.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>McMaster's oldest buildings are examples of <a href="/wiki/Collegiate_Gothic" title="Collegiate Gothic">Collegiate Gothic</a> architecture, with architectural elements such as carved ornamentation, <a href="/wiki/Relief" title="Relief">bas-reliefs</a>, recessed arched entryways, and <a href="/wiki/Ashlar" title="Ashlar">ashlar</a> found throughout these buildings.</figcaption></figure> McMaster University is in the city of Hamilton, Ontario, in the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Horseshoe" title="Golden Horseshoe">Golden Horseshoe</a> along the western end of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Ontario" title="Lake Ontario">Lake Ontario</a>. The main campus is bordered to the north by <a href="/wiki/Cootes_Paradise" title="Cootes Paradise">Cootes Paradise</a>, an extensive natural <a href="/wiki/Marshland" class="mw-redirect" title="Marshland">marshland</a>; to the east and west by residential neighbourhoods; and to its south by <a href="/wiki/Main_Street_(Hamilton,_Ontario)" title="Main Street (Hamilton, Ontario)">Main Street West</a>, a major transportation artery. Its northern boundaries are a popular destination for walkers who use the many trails that connect the campus to <a href="/wiki/Royal_Botanical_Gardens_(Ontario)" title="Royal Botanical Gardens (Ontario)">Royal Botanical Gardens</a>. While the main campus is 152.4 hectares (377 acres), most of the teaching facilities are within the core 12.1 hectares (30 acres).<a href="#cite_note-fbook-14">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-MACFF-9">[8]</a> In addition to its main campus in Hamilton, McMaster owns several other properties around Hamilton as well as in <a href="/wiki/Burlington,_Ontario" title="Burlington, Ontario">Burlington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kitchener,_Ontario" title="Kitchener, Ontario">Kitchener</a>, and <a href="/wiki/St._Catharines,_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Catharines, Ontario">St. Catharines, Ontario</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MACFF-9">[8]</a> In 2017, the university owned and managed 58 buildings, including both on and off campus housing.<a href="#cite_note-fbook-14">[13]</a> The buildings at McMaster vary in age—from Hamilton Hall which opened in 1926, to the university's new Bertrand Russell Archives and Research Centre, which opened 25 June 2018.<a href="#cite_note-fbook-14">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[33]</a> McMaster's main campus is divided into three main areas: the Core Campus, North Campus and West Campus. The Core Campus has most of the university's academic, research and residential buildings, while the North Campus is made up of the university's athletic precinct and a small amount of surface parking. The West Campus is the least developed area of the main campus, containing only a few buildings, surface parking, and undeveloped land.<a href="#cite_note-35">[34]</a> Security at the university is provided by <a href="/wiki/Special_constable" title="Special constable">special constables</a> employed by <a href="/wiki/McMaster_University_Security_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="McMaster University Security Service">McMaster University Security Service</a>, a department of the university.<a href="#cite_note-36">[35]</a> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:710px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize thumbimage" style="overflow:auto"><a href="/wiki/File:McMaster_University,_seen_from_above_and_from_the_southwest_(from_Scenic_Drive).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Panoramic view of McMaster University's main campus from the southwest, taken in June 2008. This campus has the majority of the university's facilities."><noscript><img alt="Panoramic Image of McMaster University" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/McMaster_University%2C_seen_from_above_and_from_the_southwest_%28from_Scenic_Drive%29.jpg/700px-McMaster_University%2C_seen_from_above_and_from_the_southwest_%28from_Scenic_Drive%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="700" height="137" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6386" data-file-height="1254"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 700px;height: 137px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/McMaster_University%2C_seen_from_above_and_from_the_southwest_%28from_Scenic_Drive%29.jpg/700px-McMaster_University%2C_seen_from_above_and_from_the_southwest_%28from_Scenic_Drive%29.jpg" data-alt="Panoramic Image of McMaster University" data-width="700" data-height="137" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/McMaster_University%2C_seen_from_above_and_from_the_southwest_%28from_Scenic_Drive%29.jpg/1050px-McMaster_University%2C_seen_from_above_and_from_the_southwest_%28from_Scenic_Drive%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/McMaster_University%2C_seen_from_above_and_from_the_southwest_%28from_Scenic_Drive%29.jpg/1400px-McMaster_University%2C_seen_from_above_and_from_the_southwest_%28from_Scenic_Drive%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:McMaster_University,_seen_from_above_and_from_the_southwest_(from_Scenic_Drive).jpg" title="File:McMaster University, seen from above and from the southwest (from Scenic Drive).jpg"> </a></div>Panoramic view of McMaster University's main campus from the southwest, taken in June 2008. This campus has the majority of the university's facilities.</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Academic_facilities">Academic facilities</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=McMaster_University&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Academic facilities" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:McMaster_University_-_University_Hall_tower_and_archway.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="University Hall at McMaster University" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/McMaster_University_-_University_Hall_tower_and_archway.jpg/220px-McMaster_University_-_University_Hall_tower_and_archway.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/McMaster_University_-_University_Hall_tower_and_archway.jpg/220px-McMaster_University_-_University_Hall_tower_and_archway.jpg" data-alt="University Hall at McMaster University" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/McMaster_University_-_University_Hall_tower_and_archway.jpg/330px-McMaster_University_-_University_Hall_tower_and_archway.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/McMaster_University_-_University_Hall_tower_and_archway.jpg/440px-McMaster_University_-_University_Hall_tower_and_archway.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>University Hall is one of the oldest facilities still used by the university.</figcaption></figure> The university's campus has gone through continuous development since 1928. The main campus's six original buildings are of <a href="/wiki/Collegiate_Gothic" title="Collegiate Gothic">Collegiate Gothic</a> architecture, designed by <a href="/wiki/William_Lyon_Somerville" title="William Lyon Somerville">William Lyon Somerville</a>, who also laid out the initial campus plan. They are now flanked by over fifty structures built predominantly from the 1940s to 1960s.<a href="#cite_note-fbook-14">[13]</a> The largest facility is the <a href="/wiki/McMaster_University_Medical_Centre" title="McMaster University Medical Centre">McMaster University Medical Centre</a>, a multi-use research hospital that is home to the second-largest neonatal intensive care unit and the third-largest child and youth mental health unit in the country.<a href="#cite_note-37">[36]</a> It is connected to the Life Sciences building and the Michael DeGroote Centre for Learning & Discovery, which houses many well-funded research groups in areas of <a href="/wiki/Genetics" title="Genetics">genetics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Infectious_diseases" class="mw-redirect" title="Infectious diseases">infectious diseases</a>, and several specific conditions.<a href="#cite_note-38">[37]</a> The McMaster Nuclear Reactor (MNR) has been the largest university reactor in the Commonwealth since it began operation and is the second largest research reactor in North America.<a href="#cite_note-MacNU-39">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[39]</a> It is a "pool-type" reactor with a core of <a href="/wiki/Enriched_uranium" title="Enriched uranium">enriched uranium</a> fuel moderated and cooled by <a href="/wiki/Distilled_water" title="Distilled water">distilled water</a>.<a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a> While the MNR's primary purpose is research and the production of <a href="/wiki/Medical_isotopes" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical isotopes">medical isotopes</a>, the MNR serves students in nuclear engineering, medical and health physics, and other applied radiation sciences.<a href="#cite_note-42">[41]</a> The university provides a wide range of irradiation, laboratory, and holding facilities, which include a <a href="/wiki/Cyclotron" title="Cyclotron">cyclotron</a>, an accelerator, a small-angle neutron-scattering detector, and wide-angle neutron scattering facilities.<a href="#cite_note-mnr-43">[42]</a> The cyclotron is used for the production of <a href="/wiki/Fluorine-18" title="Fluorine-18">fluorine-18</a>, and is used for research purposes, particularly the development of novel molecular imaging agents.<a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Library_and_museum">Library and museum</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=McMaster_University&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Library and museum" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/McMaster_Museum_of_Art" title="McMaster Museum of Art">McMaster Museum of Art</a> and <a href="/wiki/McMaster_University_Library" title="McMaster University Library">McMaster University Library</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:McMaster_Museum_of_Art_2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/McMaster_Museum_of_Art_2017.jpg/220px-McMaster_Museum_of_Art_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/McMaster_Museum_of_Art_2017.jpg/220px-McMaster_Museum_of_Art_2017.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/McMaster_Museum_of_Art_2017.jpg/330px-McMaster_Museum_of_Art_2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/McMaster_Museum_of_Art_2017.jpg/440px-McMaster_Museum_of_Art_2017.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/McMaster_Museum_of_Art" title="McMaster Museum of Art">McMaster Museum of Art</a> holds the highest attendance figures for a university-affiliated museum in Canada.</figcaption></figure> The university's library system is a member of 31 organizations, including the <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Research_Libraries" title="Association of Research Libraries">Association of Research Libraries</a>.<a href="#cite_note-45">[44]</a> Around 2.8 million articles were downloaded from the library system's electronic journal collection during the 2016 academic year.<a href="#cite_note-fbook-14">[13]</a> The university library employs 138 professional, and support staff.<a href="#cite_note-fbook-14">[13]</a> The library's resource expenditure for the 2016–2017 academic year was approximately $11.5 million, with 81 per cent of the budget allocated to serial and e-resource subscriptions, 9 per cent on hard copy acquisitions, and 10 per cent to membership and collections support.<a href="#cite_note-fbook-14">[13]</a> The library system include four libraries housing 1,274,265 paper books and 3,689,973 total resources, including videos, maps, sound recordings, and microfilm.<a href="#cite_note-fbook-14">[13]</a> Mills Library houses the humanities and social sciences collections, with a wide range of print and digital resources. Innis Library houses content which supports the academic and research interests of the DeGroote School of Business. Thode Library houses academic material of various disciplines of science and engineering, while the Health Science Library houses books pertaining to medical sciences. The <a href="/wiki/William_Ready_Division_of_Archives_and_Research_Collections" title="William Ready Division of Archives and Research Collections">William Ready Division of Archives and Research Collections</a> at McMaster University consist of papers of Canadian publishers; British personalities and of Canadian literary figures such as <a href="/wiki/Farley_Mowat" title="Farley Mowat">Farley Mowat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Berton" title="Pierre Berton">Pierre Berton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matt_Cohen_(writer)" title="Matt Cohen (writer)">Matt Cohen</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Marian_Engel" title="Marian Engel">Marian Engel</a>. It includes the archives of <a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Bertrand Russell</a>, and of labour unions.<a href="#cite_note-46">[45]</a> The McMaster Museum of Art's (MMA) principal role is to support the academic mission of McMaster University and to contribute to the discourse on art in Canada. The museum has the highest attendance figures for a university-affiliated museum in Canada, with 30,000 visitors in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-fbook-14">[13]</a> Established in 1967, the museum houses and exhibits the university's art collection.<a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a> As of 2015, that collection of 5,971 pieces holds a value of $98.7 million.<a href="#cite_note-fbook-14">[13]</a> The collection includes works by <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Courbet" title="Gustave Courbet">Gustave Courbet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Claude_Monet" title="Claude Monet">Claude Monet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Camille_Pissarro" title="Camille Pissarro">Camille Pissarro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Sickert" title="Walter Sickert">Walter Sickert</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh">Vincent van Gogh</a>. The museum also boasts the most comprehensive collection of <a href="/wiki/German_Expressionism" class="mw-redirect" title="German Expressionism">German expressionist</a> and Weimar period prints in Canada.<a href="#cite_note-fbook-14">[13]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Housing_and_student_facilities">Housing and student facilities</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=McMaster_University&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Housing and student facilities" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> As of August 2022, McMaster has thirteen smoke-free student residences: Bates Residence, Brandon Hall, Edwards Hall, Hedden Hall, Les Prince Hall, Mary E. Keyes Residence, Matthews Hall, McKay Hall, Moulton Hall, Peter George Centre for Living and Learning, Wallingford Hall, Whidden Hall, and Woodstock Hall. McMaster's student residences can accommodate 4,186 students.<a href="#cite_note-48">[47]</a> The latest residence to be built was Peter George Centre for Living and Learning (PGCLL), which was completed in Fall 2019.<a href="#cite_note-49">[48]</a> PGCLL can house 500 students and also contains lecture halls, tutorial rooms, and eateries. Les Prince Hall, the second-latest residence to be completed and a large co-ed building, opened in 2006. It was named for a long-time hall master in the residence system who lived with his family on campus until after his retirement in 1980.<a href="#cite_note-50">[49]</a> In September 2010, 50.19 per cent of first-year students lived on campus, with 15.54 per cent of the overall undergraduate population living on campus.<a href="#cite_note-CUDO-51">[50]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Edwards_Hall_McMaster_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="Edwards Hall with Chester New Hall in the background." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Edwards_Hall_McMaster_2013.jpg/220px-Edwards_Hall_McMaster_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Edwards_Hall_McMaster_2013.jpg/220px-Edwards_Hall_McMaster_2013.jpg" data-alt="Edwards Hall with Chester New Hall in the background." data-width="220" data-height="165" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Edwards_Hall_McMaster_2013.jpg/330px-Edwards_Hall_McMaster_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Edwards_Hall_McMaster_2013.jpg/440px-Edwards_Hall_McMaster_2013.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Edwards Hall is one of twelve student residences on the main campus</figcaption></figure> Residences provide traditional room and board style, furnished apartment style, and suite-style accommodation. Brandon Hall houses the university's substance-free lifestyle living spaces.<a href="#cite_note-52">[51]</a> The residence system is supervised by Residence Life staff, who provide guidance and help the transition to university life for many first-year students.<a href="#cite_note-53">[52]</a> The McMaster University Student Centre (MUSC) is the centre of student life and programming. It has a café, study space, common areas, and several administrative departments, including the CIBC Conference Hall. The MUSC contains the offices of a number of student organizations, including the <a href="/wiki/McMaster_Students_Union" title="McMaster Students Union">McMaster Students Union</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Silhouette_(newspaper)" title="The Silhouette (newspaper)">The Silhouette</a> weekly newspaper as well as other services such as the Campus Health Centre and the campus dentist.<a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a> The university has over twenty dining outlets throughout the campus, including two major residence dining facilities.<a href="#cite_note-55">[54]</a> The university has several vegetarian establishments, such as a completely vegetarian cafe known as Bridges Café and a farmers market stand. The university was voted as the country's most vegan-friendly university through <a href="/wiki/People_for_the_Ethical_Treatment_of_Animals" title="People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals">People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals</a> (PETA) for a number of years.<a href="#cite_note-56">[55]</a> Several other dining outlets at McMaster have garnered awards throughout the years for food services.<a href="#cite_note-57">[56]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Off-campus_facilities">Off-campus facilities</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=McMaster_University&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Off-campus facilities" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BMOPavilion.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="Exterior of the McMaster Centre of Continuing Education building." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BMOPavilion.jpg/250px-BMOPavilion.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BMOPavilion.jpg/250px-BMOPavilion.jpg" data-alt="Exterior of the McMaster Centre of Continuing Education building." data-width="220" data-height="165" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BMOPavilion.jpg/330px-BMOPavilion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BMOPavilion.jpg/500px-BMOPavilion.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The former <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Montreal_Pavilion" class="mw-redirect" title="Bank of Montreal Pavilion">Bank of Montreal Pavilion</a> in downtown Hamilton is home to the Centre for Continuing Education.</figcaption></figure> As of 2010 McMaster University's DeGroote School of Business operates a 1.82-hectare (4.5-acre) site in the neighbouring city of Burlington. Consideration for the new building began in 2004, when McMaster University had announced its initial intent to construct a new arts- and technology-intensive campus in partnership with the city of Burlington. In 2009, the City of Burlington, Halton Region, and McMaster University signed an official agreement laying out the timelines and next steps for the university's expansion into Burlington.<a href="#cite_note-58">[57]</a> Construction began on 17 June 2009,<a href="#cite_note-59">[58]</a> and the official opening was on 7 October 2010. The four-story, 8,400-square-metre (90,000 sq ft) building is called the Ron Joyce Centre. The Ron Joyce Centre is home to DeGroote's MBA program and its business management program (both degree and non-degree programs).<a href="#cite_note-MCRJC-60">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[60]</a> McMaster has several administrative offices at its Downtown Centre.<a href="#cite_note-62">[61]</a> The McMaster Centre for Continuing Education, which offers certificate and diploma programs as well as personal and professional development programs, is within the former <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Montreal_Pavilion" class="mw-redirect" title="Bank of Montreal Pavilion">Bank of Montreal Pavilion</a> at <a href="/wiki/Lloyd_D._Jackson_Square" title="Lloyd D. Jackson Square">Lloyd D. Jackson Square</a>.<a href="#cite_note-63">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[63]</a> McMaster had also announced construction of the McMaster Downtown Health Campus in downtown Hamilton had begun in December 2012. The Health Campus is expected to provide teaching spaces, exam rooms and clinical spaces for local residents.<a href="#cite_note-65">[64]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:McMaster_University_Medical_School_Downtown_Building.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="Exterior front entrance of the McMaster Health Campus in Downtown Hamilton" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/McMaster_University_Medical_School_Downtown_Building.jpg/250px-McMaster_University_Medical_School_Downtown_Building.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5312" data-file-height="2988"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 124px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/McMaster_University_Medical_School_Downtown_Building.jpg/250px-McMaster_University_Medical_School_Downtown_Building.jpg" data-alt="Exterior front entrance of the McMaster Health Campus in Downtown Hamilton" data-width="220" data-height="124" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/McMaster_University_Medical_School_Downtown_Building.jpg/330px-McMaster_University_Medical_School_Downtown_Building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/McMaster_University_Medical_School_Downtown_Building.jpg/500px-McMaster_University_Medical_School_Downtown_Building.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The David Braley Health Sciences Centre at the McMaster Health Campus in downtown Hamilton</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/McMaster_University_Medical_School" class="mw-redirect" title="McMaster University Medical School">Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine</a> is on the main campus as well as in two regional campuses at St. Catharines and Kitchener. The Waterloo Regional Campus is in downtown Kitchener, where it shares facilities with the Health Sciences Campus of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Waterloo" title="University of Waterloo">University of Waterloo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-66">[65]</a> The campus in St. Catharines is at <a href="/wiki/Brock_University" title="Brock University">Brock University</a>'s Niagara Health and Bioscience Research Complex.<a href="#cite_note-67">[66]</a> Approximately 30 medical students in each year of the program attend each campus.<a href="#cite_note-MedScho-68">[67]</a> Those who apply to McMaster's School of Medicine are asked to rank their site choice (Hamilton, Niagara Region, Waterloo Region) from first to third, or no preference. Offers of admission to the medical school are made from a rank list irrespective of geographical preference. Subsequent to an applicant's acceptance, registrants to the class are placed based on their preference and geographical background. The offers given out by McMaster are bound to the assigned site.<a href="#cite_note-MedScho-68">[67]</a> McMaster purchased a large industrial park three kilometres east of its main Hamilton campus in 2005 with the intention of creating an array of research facilities for the development of advanced manufacturing and materials, biotechnology, automotive, and nanotechnology.<a href="#cite_note-69">[68]</a> In July 2005 the federal government announced it would relocate CANMET, a federal government materials research laboratory, from its <a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a> centre to Hamilton. This decision helped spearhead the development of the <a href="/wiki/McMaster_Innovation_Park" title="McMaster Innovation Park">McMaster Innovation Park</a>.<a href="#cite_note-70">[69]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_University" title="United Nations University">United Nations University</a>-International Network on Water, Environment and Health (UNU-INWEH) is headquartered within the park. UNU-INWEH is the only United Nations agency headquartered in Ontario and the only North American host site for a United Nations University, after moving to McMaster Innovation Park on 23 April 2008.<a href="#cite_note-MACFF-9">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[70]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sustainability">Sustainability</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=McMaster_University&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Sustainability" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The Office of Sustainability, created as the All-modes Commuting & Transportation Office in 2002, is charged with promoting sustainable operations and growth at the university.<a href="#cite_note-72">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[72]</a> The Office of Sustainability, headed by the Manager of University Sustainability, works with various members of the university population, external community groups, and the government.<a href="#cite_note-74">[73]</a> Along with the other members of the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ontario_Universities" title="Council of Ontario Universities">Council of Ontario Universities</a>, McMaster signed a pledge in 2009 known as Ontario Universities Committed to a Greener World, with the objective of transforming its campus into a model of environmental responsibility.<a href="#cite_note-75">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[75]</a> On 21 October 2010, the university signed two accords addressing the issue of climate change: the <a href="/wiki/Talloires_Declaration" title="Talloires Declaration">Talloires Declaration</a> and the University and College Presidents' Climate Change Statement of Action for Canada.<a href="#cite_note-77">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[77]</a> The university campus received a B grade from the Sustainable Endowments Institute on its College Sustainability Report Card for 2011.<a href="#cite_note-79">[78]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Administration">Administration</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=McMaster_University&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Administration" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> The governance of the university is conducted through the board of governors and the senate, both of which were established in the Act to unite Toronto Baptist College and Woodstock College in 1887.<a href="#cite_note-AtuTBCaWC-5">[4]</a> The board is responsible for the university's conduct, management, and control of the university and of its property, revenues, business, and affairs.<a href="#cite_note-MUA76-80">[79]</a> Ex officio governors of the Board include the university's chancellor, president, and the chairman of the board-senate committee on long-range planning. The Board also consists of 34 other governors, either appointed or elected by the various members of the university's community, including elected representatives from the student body.<a href="#cite_note-MUA76-80">[79]</a> While The McMaster University Act, 1976 outlines that the board be only composed of 37 members, the Board also includes 12 honorary members, bringing the total number of governors to 51.<a href="#cite_note-UniBog-81">[80]</a> The senate is responsible for the university's academics, including standards for admission into the university and qualifications for degrees, diplomas, and certificates.<a href="#cite_note-MUA76-80">[79]</a> The senate consists of 15 ex officio positions granted to the chancellor, the president, the vice-presidents of the university, the senior dean of each faculty, the dean of graduate studies, the dean of adult education, the principal of McMaster Divinity College, and the chairman of the Undergraduate Council. The senate also consists of 51 other members, appointed or elected by the various communities of the university, including elected representatives of the student body.<a href="#cite_note-UniSe-82">[81]</a> Meetings of the board of governors and the senate are open to the public.<a href="#cite_note-MUA76-80">[79]</a> The president acts as the chief executive officer of the university under the authority of the board and the senate, and supervises and directs the academic and administrative work of the university and of its teaching and non-teaching staff.<a href="#cite_note-MUA76-80">[79]</a> The office was created in 1949, with <a href="/wiki/George_Gilmour" title="George Gilmour">George Gilmour</a> serving as the university's first president. The office of the vice-chancellor, created at the same time as the office of president, has always been held by the incumbent president of the university.<a href="#cite_note-83">[82]</a> The university president, <a href="/wiki/David_H._Farrar" title="David H. Farrar">David H. Farrar</a>, has served the post on an interim basis since 1 July 2019, although his tenure as the official university president did not begin until the following year. David Farrar's tenure will end in 2025, following the announcement of his resignation. McMaster University is pleased to announce the appointment of its 9th president and vice-chancellor, Dr. Susan Tighe. The appointment of Dr. Tighe was unanimously approved by the Committee for Recommending a President which was then followed by approval of the university’s Senate and Board of Governors.<a href="#cite_note-84">[83]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Affiliated_institution">Affiliated institution</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=McMaster_University&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Affiliated institution" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> McMaster University is <a href="/wiki/Affiliated_school" title="Affiliated school">affiliated</a> with one post-secondary institution, <a href="/wiki/McMaster_Divinity_College" title="McMaster Divinity College">McMaster Divinity College</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Seminary" title="Seminary">seminary</a> is within the campus of the university. As an affiliated institution, two members of the Divinity College sit on the university's senate, as well as appoint one representative to sit in the university's board of governors.<a href="#cite_note-UniSe-82">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-UniBog-81">[80]</a> However, the Divinity College operates with its own senate and board of trustees.<a href="#cite_note-DivHis2-30">[29]</a> Although Divinity College has the authority to confer their own degrees, students taking the college's Master of Divinity and Master of Theological Studies are awarded degrees by McMaster University.<a href="#cite_note-DivHis2-30">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[84]</a> Students of Divinity College have access to the catalogue of McMaster University Library, while students of the university similarly have access to the Canadian Baptist Archives, managed by the university's library system.<a href="#cite_note-86">[85]</a> The university and the divinity college were incorporated as the same institution in 1887, a result of a merger between two Baptist institutions, the Canadian Literary Institute in <a href="/wiki/Woodstock,_Ontario" title="Woodstock, Ontario">Woodstock</a>, Ontario, and Toronto Baptist College.<a href="#cite_note-DivHis2-30">[29]</a> McMaster University continued to operate as a Baptist-run institution until 1957, when provincial legislation allowed for the governance of the university to pass from the Baptist Convention of Ontario and Quebec, to a privately chartered, publicly funded arrangement. McMaster's Faculty of Theology was spun-off into McMaster Divinity College, a separately-chartered <a href="/wiki/Affiliated_school" title="Affiliated school">affiliated college</a> of the university.<a href="#cite_note-DivHis2-30">[29]</a> From 1911 to 1938, Brandon College (reincorporated as <a href="/wiki/Brandon_University" title="Brandon University">Brandon University</a> in 1967) was an affiliated institution of McMaster. Located in <a href="/wiki/Brandon,_Manitoba" title="Brandon, Manitoba">Brandon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoba</a>, the affiliated institution was funded by the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Baptists_of_Western_Canada" title="Canadian Baptists of Western Canada">Baptist Union of Western Canada</a>. The college ended its affiliation with McMaster in 1938, after Brandon College became a non-denominational institution.<a href="#cite_note-87">[86]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Finances">Finances</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=McMaster_University&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Finances" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The net assets owned by the university as of 6 June 2024 stands at <a href="/wiki/Canadian_dollar" title="Canadian dollar">C</a>$2,058.7 million.<a href="#cite_note-MacFin-88">[87]</a> The university had completed the 2024–2025 year with revenues of C$1,400.3 million, expenses of $1,367.7 million, for an excess in revenue of $32.6 million.<a href="#cite_note-MacFin-88">[87]</a> McMaster's revenue comes from endowment income, gifts, fees, and annual grants from the City of Hamilton, the Province of Ontario, and the Government of Canada.<a href="#cite_note-Hist2-33">[32]</a> In the 2024-25 academic year, the largest source of revenue for the university was tuition fees, followed by operating grants provided by the government. As of 30 April 2023, McMaster's external financial endowment was valued at C$589.4 million.<a href="#cite_note-MacFin-88">[87]</a> The financing of McMaster's scholarships and bursaries takes up 40 per cent of the endowments received.<a href="#cite_note-89">[88]</a> Financial Services comprises the following areas: Student Accounts & Cashiers, Financial Accounting and Reporting, and Budgeting Services.<a href="#cite_note-90">[89]</a> The university has been registered as an educational charitable organization in Canada since 1 January 1967. As of 2011, the university is registered primarily as a post-secondary institution, with 70 per cent of the charity dedicated to the management and maintenance of the university. The remaining 30 per cent has been dedicated under research.<a href="#cite_note-91">[90]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Academics">Academics</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=McMaster_University&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Academics" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; border:0; text-align:center; line-height:120%; float:right;"> <caption>Current faculties of McMaster University </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Faculties<a href="#cite_note-92">[91]</a></th> <th>Established </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/DeGroote_School_of_Business" title="DeGroote School of Business">DeGroote School of Business</a></td> <td>1952<a href="#cite_note-93">[92]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/McMaster_Faculty_of_Engineering" title="McMaster Faculty of Engineering">Faculty of Engineering</a></td> <td>1958<a href="#cite_note-94">[93]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/McMaster_Faculty_of_Health_Sciences" title="McMaster Faculty of Health Sciences">Faculty of Health Sciences</a></td> <td>1974<a href="#cite_note-95">[94]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Faculty of Humanities</td> <td>1887 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/McMaster_Faculty_of_Science" title="McMaster Faculty of Science">Faculty of Science</a></td> <td>1887 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/McMaster_Faculty_of_Social_Sciences" title="McMaster Faculty of Social Sciences">Faculty of Social Sciences</a></td> <td>1887 </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Hodgins_Building_at_McMaster_University.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/John_Hodgins_Building_at_McMaster_University.jpg/220px-John_Hodgins_Building_at_McMaster_University.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="118" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2153"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 118px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/John_Hodgins_Building_at_McMaster_University.jpg/220px-John_Hodgins_Building_at_McMaster_University.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="118" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/John_Hodgins_Building_at_McMaster_University.jpg/330px-John_Hodgins_Building_at_McMaster_University.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/John_Hodgins_Building_at_McMaster_University.jpg/440px-John_Hodgins_Building_at_McMaster_University.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The John Hodgins Building houses several facilities for the university's <a href="/wiki/McMaster_Faculty_of_Engineering" title="McMaster Faculty of Engineering">Faculty of Engineering</a>.</figcaption></figure> McMaster is a publicly funded research university, and a member of the <a href="/wiki/Universities_Canada" title="Universities Canada">Universities Canada</a>.<a href="#cite_note-96">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[96]</a> McMaster functions on a semester system, operating year-round on academic semesters, fall/winter and spring/summer.<a href="#cite_note-98">[97]</a> In the 2016–2017 academic year, the university had an enrolment of 31,265 students; 26,780 undergraduate students, 4,485 graduate students.<a href="#cite_note-fbook-14">[13]</a> Programs, departments, and schools at McMaster are divided among six faculties, the <a href="/wiki/DeGroote_School_of_Business" title="DeGroote School of Business">DeGroote School of Business</a>, the <a href="/wiki/McMaster_Faculty_of_Health_Sciences" title="McMaster Faculty of Health Sciences">Faculty of Health Sciences</a>, the Faculty of Humanities, the <a href="/wiki/McMaster_Faculty_of_Engineering" title="McMaster Faculty of Engineering">Faculty of Engineering</a>, the <a href="/wiki/McMaster_Faculty_of_Science" title="McMaster Faculty of Science">Faculty of Science</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/McMaster_Faculty_of_Social_Sciences" title="McMaster Faculty of Social Sciences">Faculty of Social Sciences</a>. By enrolment, McMaster's largest faculty in September 2016 was the Faculty of Science, with 7,004 full-time and part-time undergraduate and graduate students. The Faculty of Humanities was the smallest faculty by enrolment, with 2,729 full-time and part-time undergraduate and graduate students.<a href="#cite_note-fbook-14">[13]</a> The Faculty of Health Sciences holds the highest graduate enrolment, with 1,144 graduate students.<a href="#cite_note-fbook-14">[13]</a> A number of university students are enrolled in interdisciplinary programs, administered by two or more faculties, including 549 graduate students.<a href="#cite_note-fbook-14">[13]</a> At the undergraduate level, the <a href="/wiki/McMaster_Arts_and_Science" title="McMaster Arts and Science">Arts and Science program</a> is taught jointly by the six faculties at McMaster.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJenkins200432-99">[98]</a> Created in 1981, the program aims to provide a broad-based, liberal education, providing substantial work in both the arts and sciences.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJenkins20043-100">[99]</a> In September 2016, 278 undergraduate students were enrolled in the Arts and Science program.<a href="#cite_note-fbook-14">[13]</a> The university also jointly administers several undergraduate collaborative programs with <a href="/wiki/Mohawk_College" title="Mohawk College">Mohawk College</a>, in which 2,697 students are enrolled.<a href="#cite_note-fbook-14">[13]</a> The university also awards degrees to graduate students of McMaster Divinity College. The Divinity College was originally the university's Faculty of Theology, before it was reorganized into a separately chartered, affiliated college of the university in 1957.<a href="#cite_note-DivHis2-30">[29]</a> Students may apply for financial aid such as the <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Student_Assistance_Program" title="Ontario Student Assistance Program">Ontario Student Assistance Program</a> and <a href="/wiki/Student_loans_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Student loans in Canada">Canada Student Loans and Grants</a> through the federal and provincial governments. The financial aid provided may come in the form of loans, grants, bursaries, scholarships, fellowships, debt reduction, interest relief, and work programs.<a href="#cite_note-101">[100]</a> In the 2016–2017 academic year, McMaster students received approximately C$100,972,910 in <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Student_Assistance_Program" title="Ontario Student Assistance Program">Ontario Student Assistance Program</a> loans and C$40,061,756 in grants, approximately $140,981,009 in total. In the same year students received C$10,135,233.65 in bursaries.<a href="#cite_note-fbook-14">[13]</a> The university international <a href="/wiki/Student_exchange" class="mw-redirect" title="Student exchange">student exchange</a> agreements with over 100 universities outside Canada, enabling its students to earn credits while studying abroad.<a href="#cite_note-102">[101]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="McMaster_Model">McMaster Model</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=McMaster_University&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: McMaster Model" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The McMaster Model is the university's policy for a student-centred, problem-based, interdisciplinary approach to learning.<a href="#cite_note-MACFF-9">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-103">[102]</a> During the 1960s the <a href="/wiki/McMaster_University_Medical_School" class="mw-redirect" title="McMaster University Medical School">McMaster University Medical School</a> pioneered <a href="/wiki/Problem-based_learning" title="Problem-based learning">problem-based learning</a> (PBL) tutorials that have since been adopted by other fields in the Faculty of Health Science, as well as other faculties and programs in the university.<a href="#cite_note-104">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[104]</a> The PBL tutorial model has since been adopted into the curriculums of other medical schools in Canada, and more than 80 per cent of medical schools in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-106">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[106]</a> In 1991, McMaster's <a href="/wiki/Michael_G._DeGroote_School_of_Medicine" title="Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine">School of Medicine</a> adopted <a href="/wiki/Progress_testing" title="Progress testing">progress testing</a>, developing the personal progress index (PPI), a system based on progress testing invented concurrently by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Missouri-Kansas_City" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Missouri-Kansas City">University of Missouri-Kansas City</a>'s medical school and the <a href="/wiki/Maastricht_University" title="Maastricht University">Maastricht University</a>. The PPI is used as an objective method for assessing acquisition and retention of knowledge for students in the medical program.<a href="#cite_note-ACAMED-108">[107]</a> The PPI is administered at regular intervals to all students in the program, regardless of their level of training, and plots students' scores as they move through the program. Students typically score 20 per cent on their first examination, and increase by five to seven per cent with each successive examination.<a href="#cite_note-ACAMED-108">[107]</a> Students can monitor the changes in their scores and receive formative feedback based on a standardized score relative to the class mean.<a href="#cite_note-ACAMED-108">[107]</a> Due to the overwhelming success and research supporting the use of the PPI as an evaluation tool, it is now used in Canada, US, Europe, and Australia.<a href="#cite_note-109">[108]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rankings_and_reputation">Rankings and reputation</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=McMaster_University&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Rankings and reputation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="width:25em; font-size:80%"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><a href="/wiki/Rankings_of_universities_in_Canada" title="Rankings of universities in Canada">University rankings</a></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">World rankings</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Academic_Ranking_of_World_Universities" title="Academic Ranking of World Universities">ARWU</a> World<a href="#cite_note-USUnivRankings_ARWU_W-110">[109]</a></th><td class="infobox-data">101–150</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/QS_World_University_Rankings" title="QS World University Rankings">QS</a> World<a href="#cite_note-QS-111">[110]</a></th><td class="infobox-data">=176</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Times_Higher_Education_World_University_Rankings" title="Times Higher Education World University Rankings">THE</a> World<a href="#cite_note-USUnivRankings_THES_W-112">[111]</a></th><td class="infobox-data">=116</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report_Best_Global_University_Ranking" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. News & World Report Best Global University Ranking">USNWR</a> World<a href="#cite_note-USNWR_Best_Global_Universities-113">[112]</a></th><td class="infobox-data">=127</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Canadian rankings</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/College_and_university_rankings#Academic_Ranking_of_World_Universities" title="College and university rankings">ARWU</a> National<a href="#cite_note-USUnivRankings_ARWU_W-110">[109]</a></th><td class="infobox-data">4–5</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/QS_World_University_Rankings" title="QS World University Rankings">QS</a> National<a href="#cite_note-QS-111">[110]</a></th><td class="infobox-data">8</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Times_Higher_Education_World_University_Rankings" title="Times Higher Education World University Rankings">THE</a> National<a href="#cite_note-USUnivRankings_THES_W-112">[111]</a></th><td class="infobox-data">=4</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/USNWR" class="mw-redirect" title="USNWR">USNWR</a> National<a href="#cite_note-USNWR_Best_Global_Universities-113">[112]</a></th><td class="infobox-data">4</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Maclean%27s#University_Ranking_Guide" title="Maclean's">Maclean's</a> Medical/Doctoral<a href="#cite_note-Macdoc-114">[113]</a></th><td class="infobox-data">4</td></tr></tbody></table> McMaster University has placed in post-secondary school rankings. In the 2022 <a href="/wiki/Academic_Ranking_of_World_Universities" title="Academic Ranking of World Universities">Academic Ranking of World Universities</a> rankings, the university ranked 90th in the world and fourth in Canada.<a href="#cite_note-USUnivRankings_ARWU_W-110">[109]</a> The 2024 <a href="/wiki/QS_World_University_Rankings" title="QS World University Rankings">QS World University Rankings</a> ranked the university 189th in the world and sixth in Canada.<a href="#cite_note-QS-111">[110]</a> The 2024 <a href="/wiki/Times_Higher_Education_World_University_Rankings" title="Times Higher Education World University Rankings">Times Higher Education World University Rankings</a> placed McMaster 103th in the world, and fourth in Canada.<a href="#cite_note-USUnivRankings_THES_W-112">[111]</a> In <a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report" title="U.S. News & World Report">U.S. News & World Report</a> 2022–23 <a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report_Best_Global_University_Ranking" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. News & World Report Best Global University Ranking">global university rankings</a>, the university placed 138th, and fifth in Canada.<a href="#cite_note-USNWR_Best_Global_Universities-113">[112]</a> In 2011, <a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a> had also ranked McMaster as the 15th top university outside of the United States, and the fourth best university in Canada.<a href="#cite_note-115">[114]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Maclean%27s" title="Maclean's">Maclean's</a> 2023 rankings, McMaster placed fourth in their Medical-Doctoral university category, and fifth in their reputation survey for Canadian universities.<a href="#cite_note-Macdoc-114">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-Rep-116">[115]</a> McMaster was ranked in spite of having opted out from participation in Maclean's graduate survey since 2006.<a href="#cite_note-117">[116]</a> McMaster also placed in a number of rankings that evaluated the employment prospects of graduates. In QS's 2022 graduate employability ranking, the university ranked 81st in the world, and fourth in Canada.<a href="#cite_note-QS_GEUR-118">[117]</a> In the Times Higher Education's 2022 global employability ranking, McMaster placed 81st in the world, and fifth in Canada.<a href="#cite_note-UnivRankings_THES_GEUR-119">[118]</a> In an employability survey published by the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a> in October 2011, when CEOs and chairmen were asked to select the top universities which they recruited from, McMaster placed 61st in the world, and fourth in Canada.<a href="#cite_note-120">[119]</a> As of 2024, several of McMaster's health science areas rank in the Top 5 in Canada and Top 100 globally, including Clinical Medicine (2nd in Canada and 17th globally) and Endocrinology and Metabolism (2nd in Canada and 36th globally).<a href="#cite_note-121">[120]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Research">Research</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=McMaster_University&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Research" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MDCL_Building_at_McMaster_University.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="Exterior front entrance of the Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Learning and Discovery" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/MDCL_Building_at_McMaster_University.jpg/250px-MDCL_Building_at_McMaster_University.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5312" data-file-height="2988"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 124px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/MDCL_Building_at_McMaster_University.jpg/250px-MDCL_Building_at_McMaster_University.jpg" data-alt="Exterior front entrance of the Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Learning and Discovery" data-width="220" data-height="124" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/MDCL_Building_at_McMaster_University.jpg/330px-MDCL_Building_at_McMaster_University.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/MDCL_Building_at_McMaster_University.jpg/500px-MDCL_Building_at_McMaster_University.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Michael DeGroote Centre for Learning and Discovery is a multipurpose building that houses several research facilities of the <a href="/wiki/McMaster_Faculty_of_Health_Sciences" title="McMaster Faculty of Health Sciences">Faculty of Health Sciences</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Phoebe_-_McMaster_University_April_20_2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Phoebe_-_McMaster_University_April_20_2017.jpg/220px-Phoebe_-_McMaster_University_April_20_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Phoebe_-_McMaster_University_April_20_2017.jpg/220px-Phoebe_-_McMaster_University_April_20_2017.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Phoebe_-_McMaster_University_April_20_2017.jpg/330px-Phoebe_-_McMaster_University_April_20_2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Phoebe_-_McMaster_University_April_20_2017.jpg/440px-Phoebe_-_McMaster_University_April_20_2017.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Amorphophallus_titanum" class="mw-redirect" title="Amorphophallus titanum">titan arum</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_publicised_titan_arum_blooms_in_cultivation" title="List of publicised titan arum blooms in cultivation">blooming</a> inside the McMaster Biology Greenhouse, one of many facilities used for research at the university</figcaption></figure> In 2018, Research Infosource named McMaster as the most research intensive university in the country with an average sponsored research income (external sources of funding) of C$434,700 per faculty member in 2017, the highest average in the country, and nearly double the average for universities in the "Medical-Doctoral" category.<a href="#cite_note-ReseInfo-122">[121]</a> In the same year, graduate students averaged a sponsored research income of $82,800, the highest out of any full-service university.<a href="#cite_note-ReseInfo-122">[121]</a> With a sponsored research income of $379.959 million in 2017, McMaster has the seventh largest sponsored research income amongst Canadian universities.<a href="#cite_note-123">[122]</a> In the 2015–2016 academic year, the federal government was the largest source of McMaster's sponsored research income (excluding affiliated hospitals), providing 61.4 per cent of McMaster's research budget, primarily through grants. Corporate research income account for 7.3 per cent of the overall research budget.<a href="#cite_note-fbook-14">[13]</a> McMaster has been ranked on several <a href="/wiki/Bibliometrics" title="Bibliometrics">bibliometric</a> university rankings, which uses <a href="/wiki/Citation_analysis" title="Citation analysis">citation analysis</a> to evaluate the <a href="/wiki/Impact_factor" title="Impact factor">impact</a> a university has on academic publications. In 2019, the <a href="/wiki/Performance_Ranking_of_Scientific_Papers_for_World_Universities" title="Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers for World Universities">Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers for World Universities</a> ranked McMaster 119th in the world, and sixth in Canada.<a href="#cite_note-124">[123]</a> The <a href="/wiki/University_Ranking_by_Academic_Performance" title="University Ranking by Academic Performance">University Ranking by Academic Performance</a> 2018–19 rankings placed the university 126th in the world, and sixth in Canada.<a href="#cite_note-125">[124]</a> McMaster has received accolades for its research strengths, particularly in the field of health sciences. The Faculty of Health Science oversees $130 million a year in research, much of it conducted by scientists and physicians who teach in the medical school.<a href="#cite_note-126">[125]</a> The university also operates a brain bank, whose collection includes a portion of <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein%27s_brain" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert Einstein's brain">Albert Einstein's brain</a>, preserved and held for medical research.<a href="#cite_note-127">[126]</a> Researchers there have identified differences in his brain that may relate to his genius for spatial and mathematical thinking.<a href="#cite_note-128">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-129">[128]</a> In addition to traditional forms of research, members of Faculty of Health Sciences have also been credited with developments within the medical practice. A McMaster research group led by <a href="/wiki/David_Sackett" title="David Sackett">David Sackett</a> and later <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Guyatt" title="Gordon Guyatt">Gordon Guyatt</a> had been credited for establishing the methodologies used in <a href="/wiki/Evidence-based_medicine" title="Evidence-based medicine">evidence-based medicine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-EEM1-130">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-EEM2-131">[130]</a> Research institutes operated by the Faculty of Health Science include the <a href="/wiki/Firestone_Institute_for_Respiratory_Health" title="Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health">Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Population_Health_Research_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Population Health Research Institute">Population Health Research Institute</a>.<a href="#cite_note-132">[131]</a> The faculty also operates a <a href="/wiki/Biosafety_Level_3" class="mw-redirect" title="Biosafety Level 3">Biosafety Level 3</a> laboratory.<a href="#cite_note-mbsl3-133">[132]</a> Other research institutes operated by the university include the <a href="/wiki/Origins_Institute" title="Origins Institute">Origins Institute</a>, the <a href="/wiki/McMaster_Manufacturing_Research_Institute" title="McMaster Manufacturing Research Institute">McMaster Manufacturing Research Institute</a>, and the Brockhouse Institute for Materials Research (BIMR).<a href="#cite_note-134">[133]</a> BIMR was created in 1960 by <a href="/wiki/Howard_Petch" title="Howard Petch">Howard Petch</a>, the institute was named after McMaster alumnus <a href="/wiki/Bertram_Brockhouse" title="Bertram Brockhouse">Bertram Brockhouse</a>. The BIMR is an interdisciplinary research organization with the mandate to develop, support, and co-ordinate all materials research related activities at McMaster.<a href="#cite_note-BIMR-135">[134]</a> Its membership of 123 faculty members is drawn from 13 departments in the Faculties of Science, Engineering, and Health Sciences, as well as several Canadian and international universities.<a href="#cite_note-BIMR-135">[134]</a> Facilities of the BIMR include the Canadian Centre for Electron Microscopy, Centre for Crystal Growth, McMaster Analytical Xray Facility, Electronic and Magnetic Characterization Facility, and the Photonics Research Laboratories.<a href="#cite_note-136">[135]</a> The Canadian Centre for Electron Microscopy is home to the world's most powerful <a href="/wiki/Electron_microscope" title="Electron microscope">electron microscope</a>; the Titan 80–300 cubed microscope has a magnification of 14 million and is used for material, medical, and <a href="/wiki/Nanotechnology" title="Nanotechnology">nanotechnology</a> research.<a href="#cite_note-137">[136]</a> The Biology Greenhouse holds 217 plants in a 780-square-metre (8,400 sq ft) facility, and is used as a teaching and research facility by the Department of Biology. In addition to maintaining its permanent collection, the Biology Greenhouse also grows plants for both short-term research studies.<a href="#cite_note-138">[137]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuclear_Reactor_McMaster_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Nuclear_Reactor_McMaster_2013.jpg/170px-Nuclear_Reactor_McMaster_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="192" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2558" data-file-height="2892"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 192px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Nuclear_Reactor_McMaster_2013.jpg/170px-Nuclear_Reactor_McMaster_2013.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="192" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Nuclear_Reactor_McMaster_2013.jpg/255px-Nuclear_Reactor_McMaster_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Nuclear_Reactor_McMaster_2013.jpg/340px-Nuclear_Reactor_McMaster_2013.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/McMaster_Nuclear_Reactor" title="McMaster Nuclear Reactor">McMaster Nuclear Reactor</a> is the largest research reactor in the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a>.</figcaption></figure> In addition, the university also operates the <a href="/wiki/McMaster_Nuclear_Reactor" title="McMaster Nuclear Reactor">McMaster Nuclear Reactor</a>, used for nuclear science and engineering research since 1959.<a href="#cite_note-mnr-43">[42]</a> The university regularly acquires an operating license for the reactor from the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Nuclear_Safety_Commission" title="Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission">Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission</a>, with the latest 10-year license issued on 1 July 2014.<a href="#cite_note-139">[138]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Swimming_pool_reactor" title="Swimming pool reactor">swimming pool reactor</a> is used for research, educational, and commercial applications such as neutron radiography, and medical radioisotope production; including 60 per cent of the world's supply of <a href="/wiki/Iodine-125" title="Iodine-125">iodine-125</a>, an isotope used in <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_medicine" title="Nuclear medicine">nuclear medicine</a> to treat prostate cancer.<a href="#cite_note-140">[139]</a> The production of <a href="/wiki/Molybdenum-99" class="mw-redirect" title="Molybdenum-99">molybdenum-99</a> has occasionally been moved to the university's reactor, when production at the <a href="/wiki/National_Research_Universal_reactor" title="National Research Universal reactor">National Research Universal reactor</a> was temporarily halted.<a href="#cite_note-141">[140]</a> The strength of nuclear science at McMaster was augmented in 1968 under the presidency of Dr. <a href="/wiki/Harry_Thode" title="Harry Thode">H.G. Thode</a> by the construction of a 10MV Model FN Tandem <a href="/wiki/Particle_accelerator" title="Particle accelerator">particle accelerator</a>. The 3MV Model KN single-ended accelerator was added the same year.<a href="#cite_note-142">[141]</a> The academic direction of the laboratory fell to the Physics Department in the early days, as it was primarily a nuclear structure laboratory. During the next 28 years, the nuclear research effort was extensive, with hundreds of graduate students trained and many publications generated.<a href="#cite_note-143">[142]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Admissions">Admissions</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=McMaster_University&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Admissions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The requirements for admission differ between students from Ontario, other provinces in Canada, and international students due to the lack of uniformity in marking schemes. The acceptance rate at McMaster for full-time, first-year applications in 2021 was 61 per cent.<a href="#cite_note-144">[143]</a> In September 2014, the secondary school average for full-time first-year students at McMaster University was 87.7 per cent. The university received 33,195 applicants in 2024.<a href="#cite_note-fbook-14">[13]</a> However, students entering McMaster's more selective undergraduate programs, including the Health Sciences, Integrated Sciences, and Arts and Science programs, had a secondary school average of 96.3 per cent.<a href="#cite_note-CUDO-51">[50]</a> In 2016, <a href="/wiki/Yahoo!_Finance" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo! Finance">Yahoo! Finance</a> named the university's Health Sciences program the toughest Canadian undergraduate program to gain admission to, with an acceptance rate of 4.5 per cent out of an average of 3,500 applicants each year.<a href="#cite_note-145">[144]</a> The Michael DeGroote School of Medicine has notably developed admission tests adopted by other schools. In 2001, they developed the <a href="/wiki/Multiple_Mini_Interview" class="mw-redirect" title="Multiple Mini Interview">multiple-mini interview</a> to address long-standing concerns over standard panel interviews; viewed as poor reflectors for medical school performance.<a href="#cite_note-macmmi-146">[145]</a> This format uses short, independent assessments in a timed circuit to obtain aggregate scores in interpersonal skills, professionalism, ethical/moral judgment, and critical thinking to assess candidates. The multiple-mini interview has consistently shown to have a higher predictive validity for future performance than traditional interviews.<a href="#cite_note-macmmi-146">[145]</a> The multiple-mini interview process has since been adopted by the majority of Canadian medical schools, as well as a number of medical schools in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-147">[146]</a> In 2010, the medical school developed the Computer-based Assessment for Sampling Personal Characteristics, to better assess the applicant's personal characteristics.<a href="#cite_note-148">[147]</a> Several other medical schools have adopted the CASPer test, including <a href="/wiki/New_York_Medical_College" title="New York Medical College">New York Medical College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Wood_Johnson_Medical_School" title="Robert Wood Johnson Medical School">Robert Wood Johnson Medical School</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Ottawa_Faculty_of_Medicine" title="University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine">University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-149">[148]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="Student_life">Student life</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=McMaster_University&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Student life" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <table style="text-align:center; float:right; font-size:85%; margin-left:2em; margin:10px" class="wikitable"> <caption>Demographics of student body (2017–18)<a href="#cite_note-150">[note 2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CUDO2020-151">[149]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th></th> <th>Undergraduate<a href="#cite_note-152">[note 3]</a></th> <th>Graduate </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Male" title="Male">Male</a> </th> <td>45.7%</td> <td>48.4% </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Female" title="Female">Female</a> </th> <td>54.3%</td> <td>51.6% </td></tr> <tr> <th>Canadian student </th> <td>90.8%</td> <td>76.6% </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/International_student" title="International student">International student</a> </th> <td>9.2%</td> <td>23.4% </td></tr></tbody></table> In the 2016–2017 academic year, the university had an enrolment of 31,625 students: 26,780 undergraduate students, 4,485 graduate students.<a href="#cite_note-fbook-14">[13]</a> The student body is largely made up of Canadians, making up 90.27 per cent of the student population. International students represented, respectively, 9.73 per cent of the student population.<a href="#cite_note-fbook-14">[13]</a> Full-time students make up about 93.8 per cent of the student body. Among full-time students, the university has a first-time student retention rate of 90.9 per cent.<a href="#cite_note-fbook-14">[13]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Student_groups">Student groups</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=McMaster_University&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Student groups" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:McMaster_University_campus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/McMaster_University_campus.jpg/250px-McMaster_University_campus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5289" data-file-height="3526"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/McMaster_University_campus.jpg/250px-McMaster_University_campus.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/McMaster_University_campus.jpg/330px-McMaster_University_campus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/McMaster_University_campus.jpg/500px-McMaster_University_campus.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The student centre plaza, with the McMaster University Student Centre and Mills Memorial Library in the background, April 2017</figcaption></figure> The main student unions on administrative and policy issues are the <a href="/wiki/McMaster_Students_Union" title="McMaster Students Union">McMaster Students Union</a> for full-time undergraduates, the McMaster Association of Part-Time Students for part-time undergraduates, and the McMaster Graduate Students Association for postgraduates.<a href="#cite_note-153">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-154">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-155">[152]</a> In addition, each faculty has its own student representative body. There are more than 300 student organizations and clubs, covering a wide range of interests such as academics, culture, religion, social issues, and recreation.<a href="#cite_note-156">[153]</a> Many of them are centred at McMaster's <a href="/wiki/Student_activity_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Student activity center">student activity centre</a>. The Silhouette, the student-run newspaper, is the oldest student service at McMaster University, in publication since 1929.<a href="#cite_note-MAC20-13">[12]</a> Since 1968, the McMaster Engineering Society has published The Plumbline, the main satire magazine of McMaster University.<a href="#cite_note-157">[154]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Campus_radio" title="Campus radio">campus radio</a> station <a href="/wiki/CFMU-FM" title="CFMU-FM">CFMU-FM</a> (93.3 <a href="/wiki/FM_radio" class="mw-redirect" title="FM radio">FM</a>) is Canada's second-oldest campus radio station, and has been broadcasting since 1978.<a href="#cite_note-158">[155]</a> MacInsiders, a once-popular online student-run forum and information network, had been operating from 2007 to 2019<a href="#cite_note-159">[156]</a> and had over 18,000 registered members. The university is also home to the McMaster Improv Team, a drop-in club dedicated to practicing and performing <a href="/wiki/Improvisational_theatre" title="Improvisational theatre">improvisational comedy.</a><a href="#cite_note-160">[157]</a> The McMaster Artificial Intelligence Society, or Mac AI, was founded in December 2017 and grew to be the largest student-run AI club in the world – as of 2020, the club had over 1,000 general members, or around 2-3% of the McMaster student population.<a href="#cite_note-161">[158]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:McMaster_Students%27_Union_2008_president_candidates_forum_(2234867524).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/McMaster_Students%27_Union_2008_president_candidates_forum_%282234867524%29.jpg/250px-McMaster_Students%27_Union_2008_president_candidates_forum_%282234867524%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/McMaster_Students%27_Union_2008_president_candidates_forum_%282234867524%29.jpg/250px-McMaster_Students%27_Union_2008_president_candidates_forum_%282234867524%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/McMaster_Students%27_Union_2008_president_candidates_forum_%282234867524%29.jpg/330px-McMaster_Students%27_Union_2008_president_candidates_forum_%282234867524%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/McMaster_Students%27_Union_2008_president_candidates_forum_%282234867524%29.jpg/500px-McMaster_Students%27_Union_2008_president_candidates_forum_%282234867524%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Forum for <a href="/wiki/McMaster_Students_Union" title="McMaster Students Union">McMaster Students Union</a> presidential candidates in 2008.</figcaption></figure> The university hosts a number of honour societies, including the McMaster Honour Society and a chapter of the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Key_International_Honour_Society" title="Golden Key International Honour Society">Golden Key International Honour Society</a>.<a href="#cite_note-162">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-163">[160]</a> The university is home to two semi-professional acting companies, <a href="/w/index.php?title=McMaster_Musical_Theatre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="McMaster Musical Theatre (page does not exist)">McMaster Musical Theatre</a> and the McMaster Thespian Company.<a href="#cite_note-164">[161]</a> The McMaster Engineering Musical is an annual musical production written, directed, and cast by engineers. The production often features unique interpretations of popular songs or musicals.<a href="#cite_note-165">[162]</a> The university and the student unions do not recognize any <a href="/wiki/Fraternities_and_sororities" title="Fraternities and sororities">fraternity or sororities</a>; with existing fraternities and sororities chapters based at McMaster operating as non-accredited off-campus organizations.<a href="#cite_note-166">[163]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Athletics">Athletics</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=McMaster_University&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Athletics" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/McMaster_Marauders" title="McMaster Marauders">McMaster Marauders</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/McMaster_Marauders_football" title="McMaster Marauders football">McMaster Marauders football</a></div> Athletics at McMaster is managed by the university's student affairs, under their athletics and recreation department. The university's varsity teams compete in the <a href="/wiki/Ontario_University_Athletics" title="Ontario University Athletics">Ontario University Athletics</a> conference of <a href="/wiki/U_Sports" title="U Sports">U Sports</a> (formerly called Canadian Interuniversity Sport). The university's team sports programs include <a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">baseball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">basketball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canadian_football" title="Canadian football">football</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lacrosse" title="Lacrosse">lacrosse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rugby_football" title="Rugby football">rugby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soccer" class="mw-redirect" title="Soccer">soccer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swimming_(sport)" title="Swimming (sport)">swimming</a>, <a href="/wiki/Volleyball" title="Volleyball">volleyball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ringette" title="Ringette">ringette</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Water_polo" title="Water polo">water polo</a>. The first major sport game played at McMaster was in 1889, when a group of alumni from Toronto Baptist College and Woodstock College played an exhibition game against one another, sparking an early intercity rivalry between McMaster students. In 1897 the university placed all physical activity and sports under the jurisdiction of a central executive committee.<a href="#cite_note-hist-167">[164]</a> The varsity teams have been known as the McMaster Marauders since 1948, through a contest run by the student newspaper, The Silhouette, to name the university's men's basketball team.<a href="#cite_note-168">[165]</a> In 2016–2017 academic year, McMaster had over 1,100 student-athletes in either varsity or club teams.<a href="#cite_note-fbook-14">[13]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:McMaster_University_-_Welcome_Week_football_game.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="Welcome Week Football Game, McMaster University. September 2009." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/McMaster_University_-_Welcome_Week_football_game.jpg/250px-McMaster_University_-_Welcome_Week_football_game.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="402"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/McMaster_University_-_Welcome_Week_football_game.jpg/250px-McMaster_University_-_Welcome_Week_football_game.jpg" data-alt="Welcome Week Football Game, McMaster University. September 2009." data-width="220" data-height="146" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/McMaster_University_-_Welcome_Week_football_game.jpg/330px-McMaster_University_-_Welcome_Week_football_game.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/McMaster_University_-_Welcome_Week_football_game.jpg/500px-McMaster_University_-_Welcome_Week_football_game.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/McMaster_Marauders_football" title="McMaster Marauders football">McMaster Marauders football team</a> at <a href="/wiki/Ron_Joyce_Stadium" title="Ron Joyce Stadium">Ron Joyce Stadium</a></figcaption></figure> The Marauders have won 11 national championships and 139 provincial champions since 1961. The men's water polo team has won the Ontario University Athletics championship 25 times, making it the Marauders' most successful team at the provincial level. The men's wrestling team has been the Marauders' most successful team at the national level, winning the Canadian Interuniversity Sport championship four times.<a href="#cite_note-169">[166]</a> McMaster University has graduated 34 <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic</a> athletes, eight Olympic coaches, two Olympic administrators and two Olympic officials.<a href="#cite_note-MOylm-170">[167]</a> As is mandatory for all members of U Sports, McMaster University does not provide full-ride athletic scholarships.<a href="#cite_note-171">[168]</a> The university's sports facilities are in the northeast corner of the main campus. The university has a number of sports facilities, including the <a href="/wiki/David_Braley_Athletic_Centre" title="David Braley Athletic Centre">David Braley Athletic Centre</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ron_Joyce_Stadium" title="Ron Joyce Stadium">Ron Joyce Stadium</a>.<a href="#cite_note-172">[169]</a> Ron Joyce Stadium includes a full-sized Canadian football field and <a href="/wiki/FIFA" title="FIFA">FIFA</a>-sized soccer pitch. The stadium features permanent seating for 6,000 and temporary seating for an additional 6,000 on the other side of the field when needed. Ron Joyce Stadium is not only used by the university's football and soccer varsity teams it is also used as the training camp for the <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Tiger-Cats" title="Hamilton Tiger-Cats">Hamilton Tiger-Cats</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Football_League" title="Canadian Football League">Canadian Football League</a> and as the home stadium for the <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Nationals" title="Hamilton Nationals">Hamilton Nationals</a> of <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Lacrosse" title="Major League Lacrosse">Major League Lacrosse</a>.<a href="#cite_note-173">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-174">[171]</a> Intramural sport leagues and tournaments have a high level of participation at McMaster. Opportunities are offered at multiple skill levels and across a variety of sports to service a range of interest and ability. Sports offered include traditional sports like volleyball, basketball, soccer and cricket, as well as less traditional events like <a href="/wiki/Dodgeball" title="Dodgeball">dodgeball</a>, inner tube water polo, and extreme potato sack racing.<a href="#cite_note-175">[172]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Insignias_and_other_representations">Insignias and other representations</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=McMaster_University&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Insignias and other representations" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> McMaster uses a number of symbols to represent the institution, with the university's Office of Public Relations managing the university's visual identity. The university's present visual identity, and logo was approved by the university senate in 1997.<a href="#cite_note-176">[173]</a> Other symbols utilized by the university includes a flag, unveiled on 29 September 2015, as well as a <a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_mace#Universities" title="Ceremonial mace">ceremonial mace</a>.<a href="#cite_note-177">[174]</a> The university mace was bequeathed in 1950 from the graduating class of 1900. Used in ceremonies such as convocation, the mace symbolizes the authority of the university senate to confer degrees.<a href="#cite_note-178">[175]</a> The university also uses several tag lines as a part of its overall branding effort. As of 2007, the branding tag line used by the university is "Learning Without Borders," although the previous tag line, "Inspire, Innovation, and Discovery," is still used to a limited extent.<a href="#cite_note-179">[176]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:McMaster_Fireball.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/McMaster_Fireball.jpg/250px-McMaster_Fireball.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/McMaster_Fireball.jpg/250px-McMaster_Fireball.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/McMaster_Fireball.jpg/330px-McMaster_Fireball.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/McMaster_Fireball.jpg/500px-McMaster_Fireball.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The Faculty of Engineering's fireball symbol adorned on the floor at John Hodgins Engineering Building.</figcaption></figure> In addition to the visual representations of the institution, the university's individual departments, faculties, and schools also employ symbols to visually represent them. One such example is the Faculty of Engineering's fireball emblem, adopted by the faculty in 1960. The fireball was adopted from the coat of arms of the defunct Hamilton College.<a href="#cite_note-180">[177]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Motto_and_songs">Motto and songs</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=McMaster_University&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Motto and songs" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The university's motto, chosen from <a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Colossians" title="Epistle to the Colossians">Colossians</a> 1:17, is ΤΑ ΠΑΝΤΑ ΕΝ ΧΡΙΣΤΩΙ ΣΥΝΕΣΤΗΚΕΝ.<a href="#cite_note-RegisterofArms-1">[1]</a> The motto, adopted in 1888, is Greek for "In Christ all things consist".<a href="#cite_note-RegisterofArms-1">[1]</a> The McMaster motto is unusual in that it employs Greek instead of Latin or English. The use of Latin reflects the origin of universities in mediaeval institutions in which Latin was more prominent than Greek.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGraham19853-12">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-MACMOT-181">[178]</a> McMaster's founders desired to go back beyond the Middle Ages to the earliest days of the Christian faith, and therefore used the Greek form.<a href="#cite_note-MACMOT-181">[178]</a> Notable among a number of songs commonly played and sung at various events such as <a href="/wiki/Graduation" title="Graduation">commencement</a> and <a href="/wiki/Convocation" title="Convocation">convocation</a>, and athletic games are "The Alma Mater Song" (1935), with words by Mrs. A.A. Burridge and music by Hugh Brearly; "Shout for McMaster! (The McMaster March)", with words by Claire Senior Burke et al., and music by Arthur Burridge; and "My Mac" (1982), with words and music by Fred Moyes.<a href="#cite_note-182">[179]</a> Specifically, "Shout for McMaster!" is recognized as the university's <a href="/wiki/Fight_song" title="Fight song">fight song</a>.<a href="#cite_note-183">[180]</a><a href="#cite_note-184">[181]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coat_of_arms">Coat of arms</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=McMaster_University&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Coat of arms" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:McMaster_University_Health_Sciences_entrance.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/McMaster_University_Health_Sciences_entrance.jpg/220px-McMaster_University_Health_Sciences_entrance.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/McMaster_University_Health_Sciences_entrance.jpg/220px-McMaster_University_Health_Sciences_entrance.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/McMaster_University_Health_Sciences_entrance.jpg/330px-McMaster_University_Health_Sciences_entrance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/McMaster_University_Health_Sciences_entrance.jpg/440px-McMaster_University_Health_Sciences_entrance.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Signage at the Michael DeGroote Centre for Learning and Discovery featuring the university's arms.</figcaption></figure> After the university moved to Hamilton in 1930, the university petitioned <a href="/wiki/Lord_Lyon_King_of_Arms" title="Lord Lyon King of Arms">Lord Lyon King of Arms</a> in <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a> for a <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">coat of arms</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MACCOA-185">[182]</a> The request was granted on behalf of <a href="/wiki/The_Crown" title="The Crown">The Crown</a> on 20 October 1930.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGraham19853-12">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-MACCOA-185">[182]</a> In 1997, the board of governors introduced a simplified shield design, which recognized the tradition of McMaster's heraldry while improving the quality of print and electronic reproduction.<a href="#cite_note-MACCOA-185">[182]</a> The university's arms and badge was registered with the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Heraldic_Authority" title="Canadian Heraldic Authority">Canadian Heraldic Authority</a> on 15 October 2006.<a href="#cite_note-186">[183]</a> The coat of arms consists of a shield, a crest, and a motto, together with a <a href="/wiki/Helmet_(heraldry)" title="Helmet (heraldry)">helmet</a>. The shield contains an eagle, symbolic of the heavenly vision, with a cross on its breast to indicate Christianity as the inspiration for the university's vision.<a href="#cite_note-shield-187">[184]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Chief_(heraldry)" title="Chief (heraldry)">chief</a> of the shield bears an open book, a common symbol of learning. A golden maple leaf is situated on each side of the book, signifying the university's charter was granted by the Province of Ontario.<a href="#cite_note-shield-187">[184]</a> The helmet, above the shield, has the open visor and forward-facing style typically used by universities.<a href="#cite_note-shield-187">[184]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Mantling" title="Mantling">mantling</a> surrounding the shield and helmet represents the cloak worn over a knight's armour as protection from the sun. The crest, above the helmet, is a stag and oak tree, which serves as a tribute to the Canadian senator, William McMaster, who also used a stag and oak on his insignias.<a href="#cite_note-MACCOA-185">[182]</a> The motto is above the crest, as is common in <a href="/wiki/Scottish_heraldry" title="Scottish heraldry">Scottish heraldry</a>.<a href="#cite_note-188">[185]</a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="max-width: 100%"> <caption class="nowrap">Coat of arms of McMaster University </caption> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 220px;"><a href="/wiki/File:McMaster_University_Escutcheon.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/McMaster_University_Escutcheon.png/220px-McMaster_University_Escutcheon.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="241" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="309" data-file-height="339"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 241px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/McMaster_University_Escutcheon.png/220px-McMaster_University_Escutcheon.png" data-width="220" data-height="241" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/McMaster_University_Escutcheon.png 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </td> <td style="min-width:175px;"> <dl><dt>Notes</dt> <dd>Granted 15 October 2006</dd> <dt>Crest</dt> <dd>On a mount Vert before an oak tree a stag courant Proper.</dd> <dt>Escutcheon</dt> <dd>Argent an eagle displayed Gules beaked membered and charged on the breast with a Latin cross flory Or on a chief Azure an open book Proper bound Gules clasped Or between two maple leaves Or.</dd> <dt>Motto</dt> <dd>ΤΑ ΠΑΝΤΑ ΕΝ ΧΡΙΣΤΩΙ ΣΥΝΕΣΤΗΚΕΝ (In Christ All Things Consist)<a href="#cite_note-189">[186]</a></dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="Notable_alumni_and_faculty">Notable alumni and faculty</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=McMaster_University&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Notable alumni and faculty" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_McMaster_University_people" title="List of McMaster University people">List of McMaster University people</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_McMaster_University_Olympic_athletes,_coaches_and_officials" title="List of McMaster University Olympic athletes, coaches and officials">List of McMaster University Olympic athletes, coaches and officials</a></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:TihomirOreskovic.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tihomir Orešković, 11th Prime Minister of Croatia"><noscript><img alt="Tihomir Orešković, 11th Prime Minister of Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/TihomirOreskovic.jpg/80px-TihomirOreskovic.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1502"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 120px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/TihomirOreskovic.jpg/80px-TihomirOreskovic.jpg" data-alt="Tihomir Orešković, 11th Prime Minister of Croatia" data-width="80" data-height="120" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/TihomirOreskovic.jpg/120px-TihomirOreskovic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/TihomirOreskovic.jpg/160px-TihomirOreskovic.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Tihomir_Ore%C5%A1kovi%C4%87" title="Tihomir Orešković">Tihomir Orešković</a>, 11th <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Croatia" title="Prime Minister of Croatia">Prime Minister of Croatia</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Tommy_Douglas_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tommy Douglas, 7th Premier of Saskatchewan and first leader of the NDP"><noscript><img alt="Tommy Douglas, 7th Premier of Saskatchewan and first leader of the NDP" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Tommy_Douglas_crop.jpg/88px-Tommy_Douglas_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="88" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="174"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 88px;height: 120px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Tommy_Douglas_crop.jpg/88px-Tommy_Douglas_crop.jpg" data-alt="Tommy Douglas, 7th Premier of Saskatchewan and first leader of the NDP" data-width="88" data-height="120" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/Tommy_Douglas_crop.jpg 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Douglas" title="Tommy Douglas">Tommy Douglas</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_premiers_of_Saskatchewan" title="List of premiers of Saskatchewan">7th</a> <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Saskatchewan" title="Premier of Saskatchewan">Premier of Saskatchewan</a> and first leader of the <a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">NDP</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Bertram_Brockhouse.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bertram Brockhouse, Nobel laureate in physics, for his work with neutron scattering"><noscript><img alt="Bertram Brockhouse, Nobel laureate in physics, for his work with neutron scattering" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Bertram_Brockhouse.jpg/120px-Bertram_Brockhouse.jpg" decoding="async" width="99" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="413" data-file-height="499"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 99px;height: 120px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Bertram_Brockhouse.jpg/120px-Bertram_Brockhouse.jpg" data-alt="Bertram Brockhouse, Nobel laureate in physics, for his work with neutron scattering" data-width="99" data-height="120" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Bertram_Brockhouse.jpg/250px-Bertram_Brockhouse.jpg 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Bertram_Brockhouse" title="Bertram Brockhouse">Bertram Brockhouse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel laureate</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">physics</a>, for his work with <a href="/wiki/Neutron_scattering" title="Neutron scattering">neutron scattering</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Donna_Strickland_-_2017_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Donna Strickland, Nobel laureate in physics for her work with laser physics"><noscript><img alt="Donna Strickland, Nobel laureate in physics for her work with laser physics" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Donna_Strickland_-_2017_%28cropped%29.jpg/85px-Donna_Strickland_-_2017_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="503" data-file-height="712"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 85px;height: 120px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Donna_Strickland_-_2017_%28cropped%29.jpg/85px-Donna_Strickland_-_2017_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-alt="Donna Strickland, Nobel laureate in physics for her work with laser physics" data-width="85" data-height="120" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Donna_Strickland_-_2017_%28cropped%29.jpg/127px-Donna_Strickland_-_2017_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Donna_Strickland_-_2017_%28cropped%29.jpg/169px-Donna_Strickland_-_2017_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Donna_Strickland" title="Donna Strickland">Donna Strickland</a>, Nobel laureate in physics for her work with <a href="/wiki/Laser_science" title="Laser science">laser physics</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Myron_Scholes_2008_in_Lindau.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Myron Scholes, Nobel laureate in economics for his work with the Black–Scholes model"><noscript><img alt="Myron Scholes, Nobel laureate in economics for his work with the Black–Scholes model" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Myron_Scholes_2008_in_Lindau.png/86px-Myron_Scholes_2008_in_Lindau.png" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="700"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 86px;height: 120px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Myron_Scholes_2008_in_Lindau.png/86px-Myron_Scholes_2008_in_Lindau.png" data-alt="Myron Scholes, Nobel laureate in economics for his work with the Black–Scholes model" data-width="86" data-height="120" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Myron_Scholes_2008_in_Lindau.png/128px-Myron_Scholes_2008_in_Lindau.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Myron_Scholes_2008_in_Lindau.png/171px-Myron_Scholes_2008_in_Lindau.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Myron_Scholes" title="Myron Scholes">Myron Scholes</a>, Nobel laureate in <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">economics</a> for his work with the <a href="/wiki/Black%E2%80%93Scholes_model" title="Black–Scholes model">Black–Scholes model</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Harold_Innis_public-domain_library_archives-canada.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Harold Innis, contributed to the staples thesis and Toronto School of communication theory"><noscript><img alt="Harold Innis, contributed to the staples thesis and Toronto School of communication theory" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Harold_Innis_public-domain_library_archives-canada.jpg/79px-Harold_Innis_public-domain_library_archives-canada.jpg" decoding="async" width="79" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="911"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 79px;height: 120px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Harold_Innis_public-domain_library_archives-canada.jpg/79px-Harold_Innis_public-domain_library_archives-canada.jpg" data-alt="Harold Innis, contributed to the staples thesis and Toronto School of communication theory" data-width="79" data-height="120" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Harold_Innis_public-domain_library_archives-canada.jpg/118px-Harold_Innis_public-domain_library_archives-canada.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Harold_Innis_public-domain_library_archives-canada.jpg/158px-Harold_Innis_public-domain_library_archives-canada.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Innis" title="Harold Innis">Harold Innis</a>, contributed to the <a href="/wiki/Staples_thesis" title="Staples thesis">staples thesis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Toronto_School_of_communication_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Toronto School of communication theory">Toronto School of communication theory</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Stephen_Elop_faceshot.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Stephen Elop, president and chief executive officer of the Nokia Corporation"><noscript><img alt="Stephen Elop, president and chief executive officer of the Nokia Corporation" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Stephen_Elop_faceshot.png/120px-Stephen_Elop_faceshot.png" decoding="async" width="105" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1748" data-file-height="1992"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 105px;height: 120px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Stephen_Elop_faceshot.png/120px-Stephen_Elop_faceshot.png" data-alt="Stephen Elop, president and chief executive officer of the Nokia Corporation" data-width="105" data-height="120" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Stephen_Elop_faceshot.png/250px-Stephen_Elop_faceshot.png 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Elop" title="Stephen Elop">Stephen Elop</a>, president and chief executive officer of the <a href="/wiki/Nokia" title="Nokia">Nokia Corporation</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Cyrus-Stephen-Eaton-picture.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Cyrus S. Eaton, founder of Republic Steel and chairman of C&O Railway"><noscript><img alt="Cyrus S. Eaton, founder of Republic Steel and chairman of C&O Railway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Cyrus-Stephen-Eaton-picture.gif/92px-Cyrus-Stephen-Eaton-picture.gif" decoding="async" width="92" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="226" data-file-height="294"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 92px;height: 120px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Cyrus-Stephen-Eaton-picture.gif/92px-Cyrus-Stephen-Eaton-picture.gif" data-alt="Cyrus S. Eaton, founder of Republic Steel and chairman of C&O Railway" data-width="92" data-height="120" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Cyrus-Stephen-Eaton-picture.gif/138px-Cyrus-Stephen-Eaton-picture.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Cyrus-Stephen-Eaton-picture.gif/184px-Cyrus-Stephen-Eaton-picture.gif 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_S._Eaton" title="Cyrus S. Eaton">Cyrus S. Eaton</a>, founder of <a href="/wiki/Republic_Steel" title="Republic Steel">Republic Steel</a> and chairman of <a href="/wiki/Chesapeake_and_Ohio_Railway" title="Chesapeake and Ohio Railway">C&O Railway</a></div> </li> </ul> In 2016, McMaster University had over 184,000 alumni residing in over 139 countries.<a href="#cite_note-fbook-14">[13]</a> Throughout McMaster's history, faculty, alumni, and former students have played prominent roles in many fields, accumulating a number of awards including <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prizes" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel Prizes">Nobel prizes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhodes_Scholarships" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhodes Scholarships">Rhodes scholarships</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Gates_Cambridge_Scholarship" title="Gates Cambridge Scholarship">Gates Cambridge Scholarship</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Lasker_Award" title="Lasker Award">Lasker Award</a>.<a href="#cite_note-GatesS-16">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-190">[187]</a><a href="#cite_note-191">[188]</a> Nobel Prize winners include alumnus <a href="/wiki/Myron_Scholes" title="Myron Scholes">Myron Scholes</a>, awarded the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences</a> in 1997 for his work with the <a href="/wiki/Black%E2%80%93Scholes_model" title="Black–Scholes model">Black–Scholes model</a>. Two individuals from McMaster were also award the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Nobel Prize in Physics</a>, faculty member <a href="/wiki/Bertram_Brockhouse" title="Bertram Brockhouse">Bertram Brockhouse</a> in 1994 for his work in <a href="/wiki/Neutron_scattering" title="Neutron scattering">neutron scattering</a>; and alumna <a href="/wiki/Donna_Strickland" title="Donna Strickland">Donna Strickland</a> in 2018 for her work on <a href="/wiki/Laser_science" title="Laser science">laser physics</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Nobel-17">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-192">[189]</a> Alumnus <a href="/wiki/James_Orbinski" title="James Orbinski">James Orbinski</a> accepted the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a> in 1992 on behalf of <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9decins_Sans_Fronti%C3%A8res" title="Médecins Sans Frontières">Doctors Without Borders</a> as the organization's president.<a href="#cite_note-Nobel-17">[16]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:McMaster_Uni%27s_President%27s_Residence_(162096607).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/McMaster_Uni%27s_President%27s_Residence_%28162096607%29.jpg/220px-McMaster_Uni%27s_President%27s_Residence_%28162096607%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="88" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="1203"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 88px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/McMaster_Uni%27s_President%27s_Residence_%28162096607%29.jpg/220px-McMaster_Uni%27s_President%27s_Residence_%28162096607%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="88" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/McMaster_Uni%27s_President%27s_Residence_%28162096607%29.jpg/330px-McMaster_Uni%27s_President%27s_Residence_%28162096607%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/McMaster_Uni%27s_President%27s_Residence_%28162096607%29.jpg/440px-McMaster_Uni%27s_President%27s_Residence_%28162096607%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The university's Office of Alumni Advancement and the McMaster Alumni Association are housed at Alumni House.</figcaption></figure> Prominent alumni in the field of science include <a href="/wiki/Douglas_L._Coleman" title="Douglas L. Coleman">Douglas L. Coleman</a>, who discovered <a href="/wiki/Leptin" title="Leptin">leptin</a>;<a href="#cite_note-193">[190]</a> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Bader" title="Richard Bader">Richard Bader</a>, noted for his work on the <a href="/wiki/Atoms_in_molecules" title="Atoms in molecules">atoms in molecules</a> theory;<a href="#cite_note-194">[191]</a> <a href="/wiki/Harold_E._Johns" title="Harold E. Johns">Harold E. Johns</a>, who pioneered the use of <a href="/wiki/Cobalt-60" title="Cobalt-60">cobalt-60</a> in the treatment of cancer;<a href="#cite_note-195">[192]</a> <a href="/wiki/Karl_Clark_(chemist)" title="Karl Clark (chemist)">Karl Clark</a>, who pioneered the separation method to extract <a href="/wiki/Bitumen" title="Bitumen">bitumen</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Oil_sands" title="Oil sands">oil sands</a>;<a href="#cite_note-196">[193]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peter_R._Jennings" title="Peter R. Jennings">Peter R. Jennings</a>, computer programmer and developer of <a href="/wiki/Microchess" title="Microchess">Microchess</a>.<a href="#cite_note-197">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-198">[195]</a> Notable faculty members include chemist <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Gillespie" title="Ronald Gillespie">Ronald Gillespie</a>, who helped shape <a href="/wiki/VSEPR_theory" title="VSEPR theory">VSEPR theory</a>,<a href="#cite_note-199">[196]</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/David_Sackett" title="David Sackett">David Sackett</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Guyatt" title="Gordon Guyatt">Gordon Guyatt</a>, whose research team was credited for establishing the methodologies used in <a href="/wiki/Evidence-based_medicine" title="Evidence-based medicine">evidence-based medicine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-EEM1-130">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-EEM2-131">[130]</a> Notable alumni and faculty members in the field of social sciences include <a href="/wiki/Harold_Innis" title="Harold Innis">Harold Innis</a>, who helped shape <a href="/wiki/Communication_theory" title="Communication theory">communication theory</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Staples_thesis" title="Staples thesis">staples thesis</a>,<a href="#cite_note-200">[197]</a> and sociologist <a href="/wiki/Henry_Giroux" title="Henry Giroux">Henry Giroux</a>, one of the founding theorists of <a href="/wiki/Critical_pedagogy" title="Critical pedagogy">critical pedagogy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-201">[198]</a> Two medical researchers, and members of McMaster had travelled in space; faculty member <a href="/wiki/Dafydd_Williams" title="Dafydd Williams">Dafydd Williams</a>,<a href="#cite_note-202">[199]</a> and alumna <a href="/wiki/Roberta_Bondar" title="Roberta Bondar">Roberta Bondar</a>, the first Canadian woman in space.<a href="#cite_note-203">[200]</a> Many former students have gained prominence for serving in government. <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatian</a> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Croatia" title="Prime Minister of Croatia">Prime Minister</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tihomir_Ore%C5%A1kovi%C4%87_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tihomir Orešković (politician)">Tihomir Orešković</a> was an alumnus of the university.<a href="#cite_note-204">[201]</a> <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Alexander" title="Lincoln Alexander">Lincoln Alexander</a>, the former <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Ontario" title="Lieutenant Governor of Ontario">Lieutenant Governor of Ontario</a>, as well as the first visible-minority Lieutenant Governor in Canada was another alumnus of the university.<a href="#cite_note-205">[202]</a> Canadian premiers that have graduated from the university include the former <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Ontario" title="Premier of Ontario">premier of Ontario</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dalton_McGuinty" title="Dalton McGuinty">Dalton McGuinty</a>, and the former <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Saskatchewan" title="Premier of Saskatchewan">premier of Saskatchewan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Douglas" title="Tommy Douglas">Tommy Douglas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-206">[203]</a><a href="#cite_note-207">[204]</a> Many graduates have also served in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House of Commons of Canada</a>, including, <a href="/wiki/Tony_Valeri" title="Tony Valeri">Tony Valeri</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Government_in_the_House_of_Commons" class="mw-redirect" title="Leader of the Government in the House of Commons">Government House Leader</a>;<a href="#cite_note-208">[205]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Pennell" title="Lawrence Pennell">Lawrence Pennell</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Solicitor_General_of_Canada" title="Solicitor General of Canada">Solicitor General of Canada</a>.<a href="#cite_note-209">[206]</a> <a href="/wiki/Roy_Kellock" title="Roy Kellock">Roy Kellock</a>, a <a href="/wiki/List_of_Justices_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Justices of the Supreme Court of Canada">Justice</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Canada" title="Supreme Court of Canada">Supreme Court of Canada</a> was a graduate from the university.<a href="#cite_note-210">[207]</a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Aubrey_Eaton" title="Charles Aubrey Eaton">Charles Aubrey Eaton</a>, a member of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a>, and signor of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Charter" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Charter">United Nations Charter</a> on behalf of the United States, was an alumnus of the university.<a href="#cite_note-Dictionary_Eaton-211">[208]</a> A number of prominent business leaders have also studied at McMaster. Examples include <a href="/wiki/David_Braley" title="David Braley">David Braley</a>, owner of the <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Argonauts" title="Toronto Argonauts">Toronto Argonauts</a> and <a href="/wiki/BC_Lions" title="BC Lions">BC Lions</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Football_League" title="Canadian Football League">Canadian Football League</a>;<a href="#cite_note-212">[209]</a> <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Elop" title="Stephen Elop">Stephen Elop</a>, former president and CEO of <a href="/wiki/Nokia" title="Nokia">Nokia</a>;<a href="#cite_note-213">[210]</a> <a href="/wiki/Cyrus_S._Eaton" title="Cyrus S. Eaton">Cyrus S. Eaton</a>, founder of <a href="/wiki/Republic_Steel" title="Republic Steel">Republic Steel</a> and chairman of <a href="/wiki/Chesapeake_and_Ohio_Railway" title="Chesapeake and Ohio Railway">Chesapeake and Ohio Railway</a>;<a href="#cite_note-214">[211]</a> <a href="/wiki/Paul_D._House" title="Paul D. House">Paul D. House</a>, current executive chairman of <a href="/wiki/Tim_Hortons" title="Tim Hortons">Tim Hortons</a>;<a href="#cite_note-215">[212]</a> <a href="/wiki/Lynton_Wilson" title="Lynton Wilson">Lynton Wilson</a>, chairman of <a href="/wiki/Bell_Canada" title="Bell Canada">Bell Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/CAE_Inc." title="CAE Inc.">CAE Inc.</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nortel" title="Nortel">Nortel</a>;<a href="#cite_note-216">[213]</a> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Lee-Chin" title="Michael Lee-Chin">Michael Lee-Chin</a>, current chairman, CEO of <a href="/wiki/AIC_Limited" title="AIC Limited">AIC Limited</a>;<a href="#cite_note-217">[214]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kathy_Bardswick" title="Kathy Bardswick">Kathy Bardswick</a>, president and CEO of <a href="/wiki/The_Co-operators" title="The Co-operators">The Co-operators</a>,<a href="#cite_note-218">[215]</a> <a href="/wiki/Joy_Ford_Austin" title="Joy Ford Austin">Joy Ford Austin</a>, former executive director of <a href="/wiki/Humanities_DC" title="Humanities DC">Humanities DC</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rob_Burgess" title="Rob Burgess">Rob Burgess</a>, former chairman and CEO of <a href="/wiki/Macromedia" title="Macromedia">Macromedia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-219">[216]</a> A number of McMaster alumni have also had successful sports careers, including <a href="/wiki/Syl_Apps" title="Syl Apps">Syl Apps</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Maple_Leafs" title="Toronto Maple Leafs">Toronto Maple Leafs</a>;<a href="#cite_note-220">[217]</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">NHL</a> coach <a href="/wiki/Roger_Neilson" title="Roger Neilson">Roger Neilson</a>.<a href="#cite_note-221">[218]</a> The university has had 34 of its graduates compete in the Olympic games, including Olympic medalists <a href="/wiki/Larry_Cain" title="Larry Cain">Larry Cain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adam_van_Koeverden" title="Adam van Koeverden">Adam van Koeverden</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mark_Heese" title="Mark Heese">Mark Heese</a>. McMaster faculty member <a href="/wiki/Norman_Lane" title="Norman Lane">Norman Lane</a> was also an Olympic medalist.<a href="#cite_note-MOylm-170">[167]</a> Several alumni of the university have also become prominent in the entertainment industry, including comedians, actors and directors. Such alumni include <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Levy" title="Eugene Levy">Eugene Levy</a>,<a href="#cite_note-222">[219]</a> <a href="/wiki/Martin_Short" title="Martin Short">Martin Short</a>,<a href="#cite_note-223">[220]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Frid" title="Jonathan Frid">Jonathan Frid</a>,<a href="#cite_note-224">[221]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Reitman" title="Ivan Reitman">Ivan Reitman</a>,<a href="#cite_note-225">[222]</a> <a href="/wiki/Dave_Thomas_(actor)" title="Dave Thomas (actor)">Dave Thomas</a>,<a href="#cite_note-226">[223]</a> and Max Kerman of Canadian rock band <a href="/wiki/Arkells" title="Arkells">Arkells</a>.<a href="#cite_note-227">[224]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=McMaster_University&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Ring_Clock" class="mw-redirect" title="Iron Ring Clock">Iron Ring Clock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Text_Analysis_Portal_for_Research" title="Text Analysis Portal for Research">Text Analysis Portal for Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whidden_Lectures" title="Whidden Lectures">Whidden Lectures</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="Explanatory_notes">Explanatory notes</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=McMaster_University&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Explanatory notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> McMaster University was formed in 1887 as a result of a merger between the Toronto Baptist College and Woodstock College's faculty of theology. Toronto Baptist College was established in 1881, while Woodstock College was established in 1857. From 1888, Woodstock College continued to operate as a male preparatory school not formally affiliated with McMaster.<a href="#cite_note-herttru1-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-heritagetrust-3">[3]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> The following includes full-time and part-time students. </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> The following includes students enrolled in <a href="/wiki/First_professional_degree" class="mw-redirect" title="First professional degree">first professional degree</a> programs. </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=McMaster_University&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-RegisterofArms-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RegisterofArms_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-RegisterofArms_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-RegisterofArms_1-2">c</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.gg.ca/heraldry/pub-reg/project.asp?lang=e&ProjectID=1082">"Registration of Arms"</a>. Canadian Heraldic Authority. Retrieved 21 January 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Registration+of+Arms&rft.pub=Canadian+Heraldic+Authority&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.gg.ca%2Fheraldry%2Fpub-reg%2Fproject.asp%3Flang%3De%26ProjectID%3D1082&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcMaster+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-herttru1-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-herttru1_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-herttru1_2-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heritagetrust.on.ca/en/plaques/moulton-college">"Moulton College"</a>. www.heritagetrust.on.ca. Ontario Heritage Trust. 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Retrieved 9 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.heritagetrust.on.ca&rft.atitle=Woodstock+College+57-1926&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritagetrust.on.ca%2Fen%2Fplaques%2Fwoodstock-college-1857-1926&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcMaster+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AtuTBCaWC-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AtuTBCaWC_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AtuTBCaWC_5-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AtuTBCaWC_5-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AtuTBCaWC_5-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Statutes of the Province of Ontario. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/people/person.asp?personId=133681&ticker=MSFT:US">the original</a> on 24 May 2010. Retrieved 27 January 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg+Businessweek&rft.atitle=Microsoft+Corp&rft.date=2011-01-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finvesting.businessweek.com%2Fresearch%2Fstocks%2Fpeople%2Fperson.asp%3FpersonId%3D133681%26ticker%3DMSFT%3AUS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcMaster+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGleisser2005" class="citation book cs1">Gleisser, Marcus (2005). The World of Cyrus Eaton. Kent State University Press. p. 30. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8733-8839-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8733-8839-9"><bdi>978-0-8733-8839-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World+of+Cyrus+Eaton&rft.pages=30&rft.pub=Kent+State+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-8733-8839-9&rft.aulast=Gleisser&rft.aufirst=Marcus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcMaster+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timhortons.com/ca/en/about/bio_paulhouse.html">"Paul D. House"</a>. Tim Hortons. 2010. Retrieved 27 January 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Paul+D.+House&rft.pub=Tim+Hortons&rft.date=2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timhortons.com%2Fca%2Fen%2Fabout%2Fbio_paulhouse.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcMaster+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-216"><a href="#cite_ref-216">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091217142437/http://www.mcmaster.ca/ua/alumni/gallery/programs_recognition_wilson_l_r_r_o_c.html">"Wilson, Lynton Ronald "Red" O.C."</a> McMaster Alumni Association. McMaster University. 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mcmaster.ca/ua/alumni/gallery/programs_recognition_wilson_l_r_r_o_c.html">the original</a> on 17 December 2009. Retrieved 13 November 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=McMaster+Alumni+Association&rft.atitle=Wilson%2C+Lynton+Ronald+%22Red%22+O.C.&rft.date=2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mcmaster.ca%2Fua%2Falumni%2Fgallery%2Fprograms_recognition_wilson_l_r_r_o_c.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcMaster+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-217"><a href="#cite_ref-217">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110706185504/http://www.mcmaster.ca/ua/alumni/gallery/programs_recognition_lee_chin_m.html">"Lee-Chin, Michael"</a>. McMaster Alumni Association. McMaster University. 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mcmaster.ca/ua/alumni/gallery/programs_recognition_lee_chin_m.html">the original</a> on 6 July 2011. Retrieved 13 November 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=McMaster+Alumni+Association&rft.atitle=Lee-Chin%2C+Michael&rft.date=2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mcmaster.ca%2Fua%2Falumni%2Fgallery%2Fprograms_recognition_lee_chin_m.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcMaster+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160918004333/http://www.cooperators.ca/en/about-us/corporate-overview/executive-bios/kathy-bardswick.aspx">"Kathy Bardswick"</a>. The Co-operators. 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cooperators.ca/en/about-us/corporate-overview/executive-bios/kathy-bardswick.aspx">the original</a> on 18 September 2016. Retrieved 16 September 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kathy+Bardswick&rft.pub=The+Co-operators&rft.date=2016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cooperators.ca%2Fen%2Fabout-us%2Fcorporate-overview%2Fexecutive-bios%2Fkathy-bardswick.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcMaster+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121010215403/http://www.forbes.com/profile/robert-burgess-1/">"Rob Burgess"</a>. Forbes. 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/profile/robert-burgess-1/">the original</a> on 10 October 2012. Retrieved 31 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Rob+Burgess&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fprofile%2Frobert-burgess-1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcMaster+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-220"><a href="#cite_ref-220">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFischlerFischler2003" class="citation book cs1">Fischler, Stan; Fischler, Shirley (2003). Who's Who in Hockey. Andrews McMeel Publishing. p. 9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7407-1904-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7407-1904-2"><bdi>978-0-7407-1904-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Who%27s+Who+in+Hockey&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=Andrews+McMeel+Publishing&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-7407-1904-2&rft.aulast=Fischler&rft.aufirst=Stan&rft.au=Fischler%2C+Shirley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcMaster+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-221"><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legendsofhockey.net/LegendsOfHockey/jsp/LegendsMember.jsp?mem=b200201&page=bio&list=">"Neilson, Roger"</a>. Hockey Hall of Fame and Museum. 2012. Retrieved 21 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Neilson%2C+Roger&rft.date=2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legendsofhockey.net%2FLegendsOfHockey%2Fjsp%2FLegendsMember.jsp%3Fmem%3Db200201%26page%3Dbio%26list%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcMaster+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-222"><a href="#cite_ref-222">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcMaster_University2008" class="citation web cs1">McMaster University (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110706185508/http://www.mcmaster.ca/ua/alumni/gallery/programs_recognition_gallery_10Levy.html">"Dr. Eugene Levy"</a>. McMaster Alumni Association. McMaster University. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mcmaster.ca/ua/alumni/gallery/programs_recognition_gallery_10Levy.html">the original</a> on 6 July 2011. Retrieved 19 February 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=McMaster+Alumni+Association&rft.atitle=Dr.+Eugene+Levy&rft.date=2008&rft.au=McMaster+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mcmaster.ca%2Fua%2Falumni%2Fgallery%2Fprograms_recognition_gallery_10Levy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcMaster+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-223"><a href="#cite_ref-223">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas_S.2011" class="citation book cs1">Thomas S., Hischak (2011). Disney Voice Actors: A Biographical Dictionary. McFarlan. p. 194. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-6271-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-6271-1"><bdi>978-0-7864-6271-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Disney+Voice+Actors%3A+A+Biographical+Dictionary&rft.pages=194&rft.pub=McFarlan&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-6271-1&rft.aulast=Thomas+S.&rft.aufirst=Hischak&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcMaster+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-224"><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonald_M.James_Michael2012" class="citation book cs1">Donald M., Whaley; James Michael, Welsh (2012). The Oliver Stone Encyclopedia. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 155. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-8352-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-8352-9"><bdi>978-0-8108-8352-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oliver+Stone+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=155&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-8352-9&rft.aulast=Donald+M.&rft.aufirst=Whaley&rft.au=James+Michael%2C+Welsh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcMaster+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-225"><a href="#cite_ref-225">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120913074751/http://www.mcmaster.ca/ua/alumni/gallery/programs_recognition_reitman_i.html">"Reitman, Ivan"</a>. McMaster Alumni Association. McMaster University. 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mcmaster.ca/ua/alumni/gallery/programs_recognition_reitman_i.html">the original</a> on 13 September 2012. Retrieved 19 February 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=McMaster+Alumni+Association&rft.atitle=Reitman%2C+Ivan&rft.date=2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mcmaster.ca%2Fua%2Falumni%2Fgallery%2Fprograms_recognition_reitman_i.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcMaster+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcMaster_University2008" class="citation web cs1">McMaster University (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110706185819/http://www.mcmaster.ca/ua/alumni/gallery/programs_recognition_thomas_d.html">"Thomas, David"</a>. McMaster Alumni Association. McMaster University. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mcmaster.ca/ua/alumni/gallery/programs_recognition_thomas_d.html">the original</a> on 6 July 2011. Retrieved 19 February 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=McMaster+Alumni+Association&rft.atitle=Thomas%2C+David&rft.date=2008&rft.au=McMaster+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mcmaster.ca%2Fua%2Falumni%2Fgallery%2Fprograms_recognition_thomas_d.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcMaster+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-227"><a href="#cite_ref-227">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dailynews.mcmaster.ca/articles/arkells-proud-to-be-a-hamilton-band/">"Arkells 'proud to be a Hamilton band'"</a>. McMaster University. 10 May 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20211101071635/https://dailynews.mcmaster.ca/articles/arkells-proud-to-be-a-hamilton-band/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 November 2021. Retrieved 1 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arkells+%27proud+to+be+a+Hamilton+band%27&rft.pub=McMaster+University&rft.date=2010-05-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdailynews.mcmaster.ca%2Farticles%2Farkells-proud-to-be-a-hamilton-band%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcMaster+University" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=McMaster_University&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGidney2004" class="citation book cs1">Gidney, Catherine Anne (2004). A Long Eclipse: The Liberal Protestant Establishment And The Canadian University, 1920–1970. McGill-Queen's Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-2805-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-2805-5"><bdi>978-0-7735-2805-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Long+Eclipse%3A+The+Liberal+Protestant+Establishment+And+The+Canadian+University%2C+1920%E2%80%931970&rft.pub=McGill-Queen%27s+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-7735-2805-5&rft.aulast=Gidney&rft.aufirst=Catherine+Anne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcMaster+University" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraham1985" class="citation book cs1">Graham, R. P. (1985). The Insignia of McMaster University. McMaster University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-920603-00-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-920603-00-0"><bdi>978-0-920603-00-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Insignia+of+McMaster+University&rft.pub=McMaster+University+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-0-920603-00-0&rft.aulast=Graham&rft.aufirst=R.+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcMaster+University" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnston1976" class="citation book cs1">Johnston, Charles M. (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mcmasteruniversi0002john">McMaster University: The Toronto Years – Volume 1</a>. University of Toronto Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780802033321" title="Special:BookSources/9780802033321"><bdi>9780802033321</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=McMaster+University%3A+The+Toronto+Years+%E2%80%93+Volume+1&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=9780802033321&rft.aulast=Johnston&rft.aufirst=Charles+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmcmasteruniversi0002john&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcMaster+University" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnston1981" class="citation book cs1">Johnston, Charles M. (1981). McMaster University: The Early Years in Hamilton – Volume 2. University of Toronto Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7837-4291-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7837-4291-5"><bdi>978-0-7837-4291-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=McMaster+University%3A+The+Early+Years+in+Hamilton+%E2%80%93+Volume+2&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=978-0-7837-4291-5&rft.aulast=Johnston&rft.aufirst=Charles+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcMaster+University" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenlee2015" class="citation book cs1">Greenlee, James G. (2015). McMaster University: 1957–1987: A Chance for Greatness – Volume 3. McGill-Queen's University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=McMaster+University%3A+1957%E2%80%931987%3A+A+Chance+for+Greatness+%E2%80%93+Volume+3&rft.pub=McGill-Queen%27s+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Greenlee&rft.aufirst=James+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcMaster+University" class="Z3988"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://volume3.mcmaster.ca">http://volume3.mcmaster.ca</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170510150313/http://volume3.mcmaster.ca/">Archived</a> 10 May 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJenkins2004" class="citation book cs1">Jenkins, Herb (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/combiningtwocult0000unse">Combining Two Cultures: McMaster University's Arts And Science Programme</a>. University Press of America. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7618-2929-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7618-2929-4"><bdi>978-0-7618-2929-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Combining+Two+Cultures%3A+McMaster+University%27s+Arts+And+Science+Programme&rft.pub=University+Press+of+America&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-7618-2929-4&rft.aulast=Jenkins&rft.aufirst=Herb&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcombiningtwocult0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcMaster+University" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=McMaster_University&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button 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class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 30px;height: 40px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="30" data-height="40" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:McMaster_University" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:McMaster University">McMaster University</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mcmaster.ca">Official 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class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=McMaster_University&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 31 March 2025, at 02:50 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="جامعة ماكماستر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جامعة ماكماستر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%A9%E2%80%8C%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85%E2%80%8C%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88" title="مک‌مستر بیلیم‌یوردو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مک‌مستر بیلیم‌یوردو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC" title="ম্যাকমাস্টার বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ম্যাকমাস্টার বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%82_%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%8F_%D0%A3._%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Універсітэт імя У. Мак-Мастэра – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Універсітэт імя У. Мак-Мастэра" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Univerzitet_McMaster" title="Univerzitet McMaster – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Univerzitet McMaster" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/McMaster_University" title="McMaster University – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="McMaster University" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/McMasterova_univerzita" title="McMasterova univerzita – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="McMasterova univerzita" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/McMaster_University" title="McMaster University – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="McMaster University" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/McMasteri_%C3%9Clikool" title="McMasteri Ülikool – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="McMasteri Ülikool" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universidad_McMaster" title="Universidad McMaster – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Universidad McMaster" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitato_McMaster" title="Universitato McMaster – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Universitato McMaster" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/McMaster_Unibertsitatea" title="McMaster Unibertsitatea – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="McMaster Unibertsitatea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D9%85%DA%A9%E2%80%8C%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="دانشگاه مک‌مستر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دانشگاه مک‌مستر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_McMaster" title="Université McMaster – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Université McMaster" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%A5%EB%A7%88%EC%8A%A4%ED%84%B0_%EB%8C%80%ED%95%99%EA%B5%90" title="맥마스터 대학교 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="맥마스터 대학교" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF" title="मक्मास्टर विश्वविद्यालय – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मक्मास्टर विश्वविद्यालय" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitas_McMaster" title="Universitas McMaster – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Universitas McMaster" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_McMaster" title="Università McMaster – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Università McMaster" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%98%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A8" title="אוניברסיטת מקמסטר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אוניברסיטת מקמסטר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="جامعة ماكماستر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جامعة ماكماستر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%A9_%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%AC%D9%87" title="مک مستر دونشجه – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="مک مستر دونشجه" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/McMaster-universiteit" title="McMaster-universiteit – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="McMaster-universiteit" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%83%9E%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="マックマスター大学 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マックマスター大学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/McMaster_University" title="McMaster University – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="McMaster University" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%A9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%B9%D8%B1_%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%B9%DB%8C" title="مکماسٹر یونیورسٹی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مکماسٹر یونیورسٹی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%A9_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BC%D8%B1_%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="مک ماسټر پوهنتون – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="مک ماسټر پوهنتون" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/McMaster_University" title="McMaster University – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="McMaster University" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universidade_McMaster" title="Universidade McMaster – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Universidade McMaster" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/McMaster_University" title="McMaster University – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="McMaster University" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Макмастерский университет – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Макмастерский университет" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/McMaster_University" title="McMaster University – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="McMaster University" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Univerza_McMaster" title="Univerza McMaster – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Univerza McMaster" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Универзитет Макмастер – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Универзитет Макмастер" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Univerzitet_McMaster" title="Univerzitet McMaster – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Univerzitet McMaster" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/McMaster_University" title="McMaster University – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="McMaster University" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamantasang_McMaster" title="Pamantasang McMaster – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pamantasang McMaster" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Макмастерський університет – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Макмастерський університет" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_h%E1%BB%8Dc_McMaster" title="Đại học McMaster – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đại học McMaster" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E9%A6%AC%E5%A3%AB%E9%81%94%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="麥馬士達大學 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="麥馬士達大學" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> <ul id="footer-icons" class="footer-icons"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://www.wikimedia.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a 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