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<span>Principles</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Principles-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Principles subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Principles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notable_differences_from_other_schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_differences_from_other_schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Notable differences from other schools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_differences_from_other_schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_Mālikīs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_Mālikīs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Notable Mālikīs</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_Mālikīs-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable Mālikīs subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_Mālikīs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Contemporary_Malikis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contemporary_Malikis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Contemporary Malikis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contemporary_Malikis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Citation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Maliki school</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 63 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-63" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">63 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meudeuhab_Maliki" title="Meudeuhab Maliki – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Meudeuhab Maliki" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="مالكية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مالكية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maliki_m%C9%99zh%C9%99bi" title="Maliki məzhəbi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Maliki məzhəbi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="مالکی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مالکی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%80_(%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC)" title="মালিকী (মাযহাব) – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মালিকী (মাযহাব)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%99%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D3%99%D2%99%D2%BB%D3%99%D0%B1" title="Мәлики мәҙһәб – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Мәлики мәҙһәб" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malikijski_mezheb" title="Malikijski mezheb – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Malikijski mezheb" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malikisme" title="Malikisme – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Malikisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1likovsk%C3%BD_mazhab" title="Málikovský mazhab – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Málikovský mazhab" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%81likiten" title="Mālikiten – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mālikiten" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malik%C3%AD" title="Malikí – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Malikí" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malikismo" title="Malikismo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Malikismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maliki" title="Maliki – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Maliki" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="مالکی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مالکی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malikisme" title="Malikisme – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Malikisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E7%AB%8B%E5%85%8B%E6%B4%BE" title="马立克派 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="马立克派" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%90%EB%A6%AC%ED%81%AC%ED%8C%8C" title="말리크파 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="말리크파" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malikiyya" title="Malikiyya – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Malikiyya" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D6%84%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%A2" title="Մալիքիական մազհաբ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մալիքիական մազհաբ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="मालिकी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मालिकी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malikijski_mezheb" title="Malikijski mezheb – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Malikijski mezheb" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazhab_Maliki" title="Mazhab Maliki – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mazhab Maliki" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malikismo" title="Malikismo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Malikismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%AA" title="האסכולה המאלכית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="האסכולה המאלכית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madahab_Maliki" title="Madahab Maliki – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Madahab Maliki" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A5%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="მალიქიტები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მალიქიტები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B7%D2%BB%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%8B" title="Малики мазһабы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Малики мазһабы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malik%C3%AE" title="Malikî – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Malikî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D" title="മാലിക്കി മദ്ഹബ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മാലിക്കി മദ്ഹബ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="मालिकी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मालिकी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%89" title="مالكى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مالكى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazhab_Maliki" title="Mazhab Maliki – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Mazhab Maliki" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malikieten" title="Malikieten – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Malikieten" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AF%E5%AD%A6%E6%B4%BE" title="マーリク学派 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マーリク学派" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maliki" title="Maliki – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Maliki" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malikisme" title="Malikisme – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Malikisme" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molikiylik" title="Molikiylik – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Molikiylik" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="مالکی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مالکی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malikici" title="Malikici – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Malikici" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maliquismo" title="Maliquismo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Maliquismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maliki" title="Maliki – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Maliki" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B1" title="Маликитский мазхаб – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Маликитский мазхаб" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="مالکی – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="مالکی" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maliki" title="Maliki – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Maliki" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scola_malikita" title="Scola malikita – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Scola malikita" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maliki" title="Maliki – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Maliki" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malikijski_madhab" title="Malikijski madhab – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Malikijski madhab" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maalikiya" title="Maalikiya – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Maalikiya" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="مالیکی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مالیکی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%B1" title="Маликијски мезхеб – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Маликијски мезхеб" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malikijski_mezheb" title="Malikijski mezheb – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Malikijski mezheb" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maliki" title="Maliki – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Maliki" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maliki" title="Maliki – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Maliki" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%99%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D3%99%D0%B7%D2%BB%D3%99%D0%B1%D0%B5" title="Мәлики мәзһәбе – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Мәлики мәзһәбе" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D3%A3" title="Моликӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Моликӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A2lik%C3%AElik" title="Mâlikîlik – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mâlikîlik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A4likiler_mezhebi" title="Mälikiler mezhebi – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Mälikiler mezhebi" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B1" title="Малікійський мазгаб – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Малікійський мазгаб" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="مالکی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مالکی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89%D9%83%D9%89%D9%8A_%D9%85%DB%95%D8%B2%DA%BE%D9%89%D8%A8%D9%89" title="مالىكىي مەزھىبى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="مالىكىي مەزھىبى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E7%AB%8B%E5%85%8B%E6%B4%BE" title="马立克派 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="马立克派" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Maliki" redirects here. 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class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks collapsible"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="font-size:88%; line-height:188%;"><span style="font-size:115%;"><span class="nobold">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Sunni_Islam" title="Category:Sunni Islam">a series</a> on</span></span><br /><span style="font-size:188%;"><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a></span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Ahlul_Sunnah.png/200px-Ahlul_Sunnah.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Ahlul_Sunnah.png/300px-Ahlul_Sunnah.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Ahlul_Sunnah.png/400px-Ahlul_Sunnah.png 2x" data-file-width="752" data-file-height="356" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Aqidah_(Islamic_theology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aqidah (Islamic theology)">Beliefs</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tawhid" title="Tawhid">God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophets_and_messengers_in_Islam" title="Prophets and messengers in Islam">Prophets and Messengers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_holy_books" title="Islamic holy books">Holy books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_Muhammad" title="Succession to Muhammad">Succession to Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angels_in_Islam" title="Angels in Islam">Angels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_eschatology" title="Islamic eschatology">Judgement Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Predestination_in_Islam" title="Predestination in Islam">Predestination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Companions_of_the_Prophet" title="Companions of the Prophet">Sahaba</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Five_Pillars_of_Islam" title="Five Pillars of Islam">Five Pillars</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shahada" title="Shahada">Declaration of Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salah" title="Salah">Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakat" title="Zakat">Charity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawm" class="mw-redirect" title="Sawm">Fasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">Pilgrimage</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Rashidun" title="Rashidun">Rightly-Guided Caliphs</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr" title="Abu Bakr">Abu Bakr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umar" title="Umar">Umar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uthman" title="Uthman">Uthman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali" title="Ali">Ali</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Sunni <a href="/wiki/Madhhab" title="Madhhab">schools</a> of <a href="/wiki/Fiqh" title="Fiqh">law</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hanafi_school" title="Hanafi school">Hanafi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Maliki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shafi%27i_school" title="Shafi'i school">Shafi'i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanbali_school" title="Hanbali school">Hanbali</a></li></ul> <p><span style="position: relative; top: 0.1em;"><span style="font-size:85%;">Others</span></span> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Zahiri_school" title="Zahiri school">Zahiri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Awza%27i" class="mw-redirect" title="Awza'i">Awza'i</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thawri" class="mw-redirect" title="Thawri">Thawri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Laythi" class="mw-redirect" title="Laythi">Laythi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jariri" class="mw-redirect" title="Jariri">Jariri</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Schools_of_Islamic_theology" title="Schools of Islamic theology">Sunni schools of theology</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ash%27arism" title="Ash'arism">Ash'arism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maturidism" title="Maturidism">Maturidism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Ra%27y" title="Ahl al-Ra'y">Ahl al-Ra'y</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atharism" title="Atharism">Atharism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Hadith" title="Ahl al-Hadith">Ahl al-Hadith</a>)</li></ul> <p><span style="position: relative; top: 0.1em;"><span style="font-size:85%;">In terms of <a href="/wiki/Ihsan" title="Ihsan">Ihsan</a>:</span></span> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufis</a> (Ahl <a href="/wiki/Wajd" title="Wajd">al-Wijdan</a> wa <a href="/wiki/Kashf" title="Kashf">al-Kashf</a>)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_schools_and_branches#Movements" title="Islamic schools and branches">Contemporary movements</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barelvi_movement" title="Barelvi movement">Barelvi movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deobandi_movement" title="Deobandi movement">Deobandi movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salafi_movement" title="Salafi movement">Salafism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wahhabism" title="Wahhabism">Wahhabism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahl-i_Hadith" title="Ahl-i Hadith">Ahl-i Hadith</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_modernism" title="Islamic modernism">Modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_neo-traditionalism" title="Islamic neo-traditionalism">Neo-traditionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farahi" class="mw-redirect" title="Farahi">Farahi</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Holiest_sites_in_Islam" title="Holiest sites in Islam">Holy sites</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Lists</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sunni_books" title="List of Sunni books">Literature</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kutub_al-Sittah" title="Kutub al-Sittah">Kutub al-Sittah</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam#History" title="Sunni Islam">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Sunnism" title="Anti-Sunnism">Persecution</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/15px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/23px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/31px-Allah-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Islam portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sunni_Islam" title="Template:Sunni Islam"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sunni_Islam" title="Template talk:Sunni Islam"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sunni_Islam" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sunni Islam"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Maliki school</b> or <b>Malikism</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ٱلْمَذْهَب ٱلْمَالِكِيّ</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">al-madhhab al-mālikī</i></span>) is one of the four major <a href="/wiki/Madhhab" title="Madhhab">schools</a> of <a href="/wiki/Islamic_jurisprudence" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic jurisprudence">Islamic jurisprudence</a> within <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-hmr_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hmr-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was founded by <a href="/wiki/Malik_ibn_Anas" title="Malik ibn Anas">Malik ibn Anas</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 711–795 CE</span>) in the 8th century. The Maliki school of jurisprudence relies on the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">hadiths</a> as primary sources. Unlike other Islamic fiqhs, Maliki fiqh also considers the consensus of the people of <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a> to be a valid source of <a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">Islamic law</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-vjc_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vjc-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Maliki school is one of the largest groups of Sunni Muslims, comparable to the <a href="/wiki/Shafi%E2%80%99i" class="mw-redirect" title="Shafi’i">Shafi’i</a> madhhab in adherents, but smaller than the <a href="/wiki/Hanafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanafi">Hanafi</a> madhhab.<sup id="cite_ref-unc1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unc1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">Sharia</a> based on <a href="/wiki/Maliki" class="mw-redirect" title="Maliki">Maliki</a> <a href="/wiki/Fiqh" title="Fiqh">Fiqh</a> is predominantly found in <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a> (excluding northern and eastern Egypt), <a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">West Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Dubai" title="Emirate of Dubai">Emirate of Dubai</a> (<a href="/wiki/UAE" class="mw-redirect" title="UAE">UAE</a>), and in northeastern parts of <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-unc1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unc1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">medieval era</a>, the Maliki school was also found in parts of <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Europe" title="Islam in Europe">Europe under Islamic rule</a>, particularly <a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus" title="Al-Andalus">Islamic Spain</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Sicily" class="mw-redirect" title="Emirate of Sicily">Emirate of Sicily</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A major historical center of Maliki teaching, from the 9th to 11th centuries, was in the <a href="/wiki/Mosque_of_Uqba" class="mw-redirect" title="Mosque of Uqba">Mosque of Uqba</a> of Tunisia.<sup id="cite_ref-futureIslam_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-futureIslam-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One who ascribes to the Maliki school is called a <b>Maliki</b>, <b>Malikite</b> or <b>Malikist</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ٱلْمَالِكِيّ</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">al-mālikī</i></span>, <abbr title="plural form">pl.</abbr> <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ٱلْمَالِكِيَّة</span></span>, <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">al-mālikiyya</i></span>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maliki_school&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Madhhab_Map3.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Madhhab_Map3.png/400px-Madhhab_Map3.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Madhhab_Map3.png/600px-Madhhab_Map3.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Madhhab_Map3.png/800px-Madhhab_Map3.png 2x" data-file-width="8000" data-file-height="3882" /></a><figcaption>Sharia based on Maliki school (in teal) is the predominant Sunni school in North Africa, West Africa and parts of central eastern Arabian peninsula.<sup id="cite_ref-unc1_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unc1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Although Malik ibn Anas was himself a native of Medina, his school faced fierce competition for followers in the Muslim east, with the <a href="/wiki/Shafi%27i" class="mw-redirect" title="Shafi'i">Shafi'i</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hanbali" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanbali">Hanbali</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Zahiri" class="mw-redirect" title="Zahiri">Zahiri</a> schools all enjoying more success than Malik's school.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was eventually the <a href="/wiki/Hanafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanafi">Hanafi</a> school, however, that earned official government favor from the <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_dynasty" title="Abbasid dynasty">Abbasids</a>. </p><p>Imam Malik (who was a teacher of Imam <a href="/wiki/Ash-Shafi%E2%80%98i" class="mw-redirect" title="Ash-Shafi‘i">Ash-Shafi‘i</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Dutton_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dutton-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Haddad2007_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haddad2007-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 121">: 121 </span></sup> who in turn was a teacher of Imam <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Hanbal" title="Ahmad ibn Hanbal">Ahmad ibn Hanbal</a>) was a student of Imam <a href="/wiki/Ja%27far_al-Sadiq" title="Ja'far al-Sadiq">Ja'far al-Sadiq</a> (a <a href="/wiki/Family_tree_of_Muhammad" title="Family tree of Muhammad">descendant</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Prophets_and_messengers_in_Islam" title="Prophets and messengers in Islam">Islamic prophet</a> <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> and 6th <a href="/wiki/Imamah_(Shia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Imamah (Shia)">Shi'ite Imam</a>), as with Imam <a href="/wiki/Abu_Hanifa" title="Abu Hanifa">Abu Hanifah</a>. Thus all of the four great Imams of Sunni <i><a href="/wiki/Fiqh" title="Fiqh">Fiqh</a></i> are connected to Ja'far, whether directly or indirectly.<sup id="cite_ref-HistoryOfIslam_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HistoryOfIslam-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Malikis enjoyed considerably more success in Africa, and for a while in Spain and Sicily. Under the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyads</a> and their remnants, the Maliki school was promoted as the official state code of law, and Maliki judges had free rein over religious practices; in return, the Malikis were expected to support and legitimize the government's right to power.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This dominance in Spanish <a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus" title="Al-Andalus">Andalus</a> from the Umayyads up to the <a href="/wiki/Almoravid" class="mw-redirect" title="Almoravid">Almoravids</a> continued, with Islamic law in the region dominated by the opinions of Malik and his students. The <a href="/wiki/Sunnah" title="Sunnah">Sunnah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">Hadith</a>, or prophetic tradition in Islam, played lesser roles as Maliki jurists viewed both with suspicion, and few were well versed in either.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Almoravids eventually gave way to the predominantly-Zahiri <a href="/wiki/Almohad" class="mw-redirect" title="Almohad">Almohads</a>, at which point Malikis were tolerated at times but lost official favor. With the <a href="/wiki/Reconquista" title="Reconquista">Reconquista</a>, the Iberian Peninsula was lost to the Muslims in totality.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Although <a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus" title="Al-Andalus">Al-Andalus</a> was eventually lost, the Maliki has been able to retain its dominance throughout North and West Africa to this day. Additionally, the school has traditionally been the preferred school in the small <a href="/wiki/Arab_States_of_the_Persian_Gulf" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab States of the Persian Gulf">Arab States of the Persian Gulf</a> (Bahrain, Kuwait and Qatar).<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the majority of the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia follows Hanbali laws, the country's <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Province,_Saudi_Arabia" title="Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia">Eastern Province</a> has been known as a Maliki stronghold for centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-unc1_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unc1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although initially hostile to some mystical practices, Malikis eventually learned to coexist with Sufi customs as the latter became widespread throughout North and West Africa. Many Muslims now adhere to both Maliki law and a Sufi order.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Principles">Principles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maliki_school&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Principles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks collapsible"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background: #dcf5dc;;font-size:88%; line-height:188%;"><span style="font-size:115%;"><span class="nobold">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Islamic_theology" title="Category:Islamic theology">a series</a> on </span></span><br /><span style="font-size:188%;"><a href="/wiki/Aqidah" title="Aqidah">Aqidah</a></span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mosque02.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Silhouette of a mosque"><img alt="Silhouette of a mosque" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Mosque02.svg/110px-Mosque02.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Mosque02.svg/165px-Mosque02.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Mosque02.svg/220px-Mosque02.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="487" data-file-height="220" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #dcf5dc;;background: #dcf5dc;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Schools_of_Islamic_theology#Sunni_schools_of_theology" title="Schools of Islamic theology">Sunni</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><b><a href="/wiki/Iman_(concept)#The_six_articles_of_the_Islamic_faith" class="mw-redirect" title="Iman (concept)">Six Articles of Iman</a></b><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Islam" title="God in Islam">God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophets_and_messengers_in_Islam" title="Prophets and messengers in Islam">Prophets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_holy_books" title="Islamic holy books">Holy books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_view_of_angels" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic view of angels">Angels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_eschatology" title="Islamic eschatology">The Last Judgement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Predestination_in_Islam" title="Predestination in Islam">Predestination</a></li></ul> </div> <b><a href="/wiki/Five_Pillars_of_Islam" title="Five Pillars of Islam">Five Pillars of Islam</a></b><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shahada" title="Shahada">Shahada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salah" title="Salah">Salah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasting_during_Ramadan" title="Fasting during Ramadan">Sawm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakat" title="Zakat">Zakat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">Hajj</a></li></ul> </div> <b><a href="/wiki/Schools_of_Islamic_theology#Sunnī_schools_of_theology" title="Schools of Islamic theology">Schools of theology</a></b><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Hadith" title="Ahl al-Hadith">Ahl al-Hadith</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athari" class="mw-redirect" title="Athari">Athari</a><sup>1</sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Ra%27y" title="Ahl al-Ra'y">Ahl al-Ra'y</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ash%27ari" class="mw-redirect" title="Ash'ari">Ash'ari</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maturidi" class="mw-redirect" title="Maturidi">Maturidi</a><sup>3</sup></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #dcf5dc;;background: #dcf5dc;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Schools_of_Islamic_theology#Shia_schools_of_theology" title="Schools of Islamic theology">Shi'a</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><b><a href="/wiki/Ancillaries_of_the_Faith" title="Ancillaries of the Faith">Basic Tenets of Faith</a></b><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salah" title="Salah">Salah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawm_of_Ramadan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sawm of Ramadan">Sawm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakat" title="Zakat">Zakat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">Hajj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khums" title="Khums">Khums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">Jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commanding_what_is_just" class="mw-redirect" title="Commanding what is just">Commanding what is just</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enjoining_good_and_forbidding_wrong" title="Enjoining good and forbidding wrong">Forbidding what is evil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawalla" class="mw-redirect" title="Tawalla">Tawalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabarra" class="mw-redirect" title="Tabarra">Tabarra</a></li></ul> </div> <b><a href="/wiki/Twelver_theology" title="Twelver theology">Theology of the Twelvers</a></b><sup>4,</sup> <sup>5</sup><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tawhid" title="Tawhid">Tawhid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adalah_(Islam)" title="Adalah (Islam)">Adalah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophecy_(Shia_Islam)" title="Prophecy (Shia Islam)">Prophecy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Twelver_doctrine" title="Imamate in Twelver doctrine">Imamah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_eschatology#Resurrection_and_final_judgement" title="Islamic eschatology">Qiyamah</a></li></ul> </div> <b><a href="/wiki/Isma%27ilism#Beliefs" title="Isma'ilism">Theology of the Ismailis</a></b><sup>6</sup><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walayah" title="Walayah">Walayah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawhid" title="Tawhid">Tawhid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salah" title="Salah">Salah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakat" title="Zakat">Zakat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawm_of_Ramadan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sawm of Ramadan">Sawm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">Hajj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">Jihad</a></li></ul> </div> <b><a href="/wiki/Zaydism#Theology" title="Zaydism">Theology of the Zaydis</a></b></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #dcf5dc;;background: #dcf5dc;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Schools_of_Islamic_theology#Muhakkima" title="Schools of Islamic theology">Muhakkima</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><b><a href="/wiki/Ibadi_theology" title="Ibadi theology">Theology of the Ibadis</a></b></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #dcf5dc;;background: #dcf5dc;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Schools_of_Islamic_theology" title="Schools of Islamic theology">Other variants</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jabriyya" title="Jabriyya">Jabriyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jahmiyya" title="Jahmiyya">Jahmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schools_of_Islamic_theology#Tashbih" title="Schools of Islamic theology">Mujassimah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murji%27ah" title="Murji'ah">Murji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mu%27tazilism" title="Mu'tazilism">Mu'tazila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qadariyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Qadariyya">Qadariyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quranism" title="Quranism">Quraniyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya">Ahmadiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation_of_Islam" title="Nation of Islam">Nation of Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-denominational_Muslim" title="Non-denominational Muslim">Unaffiliated</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:1px solid #dcf5dc;border-bottom:1px solid #dcf5dc;padding-bottom:0.4em;"> <p><u>Including:</u><br /> </p> <div class="plainlist" style="font-weight:normal"> <ul><li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>1</sup></span> <a href="/wiki/Hanbali_school" title="Hanbali school">Hanbali school</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Zahiri_school" title="Zahiri school">Zahiri school</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>2</sup></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Maliki school</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Shafi%27i_school" title="Shafi'i school">Shafi'i school</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>3</sup></span> <a href="/wiki/Hanafi_school" title="Hanafi school">Hanafi school</a></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>4</sup></span> <a href="/wiki/Ja%27fari_school" title="Ja'fari school">Ja'fari school</a> (<a href="/wiki/Usulism" title="Usulism">Usuli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akhbarism" class="mw-redirect" title="Akhbarism">Akhbari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shaykhism" title="Shaykhism">Shaykhi</a>)</li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>5</sup></span> <a href="/wiki/Alawite" class="mw-redirect" title="Alawite">Alawi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Alevism" title="Alevism">Alevi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bektashi_Order" class="mw-redirect" title="Bektashi Order">Bektashi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Qizilbash" title="Qizilbash">Qizilbash</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ishikism" title="Ishikism">Ishiki</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>6</sup></span> <a href="/wiki/Nizari" class="mw-redirect" title="Nizari">Nizari</a> (<a href="/wiki/Khoja" title="Khoja">Khoja</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Satpanth" title="Satpanth">Satpanth</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Mustali" class="mw-redirect" title="Mustali">Mustali</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dawoodi_Bohra" title="Dawoodi Bohra">Dawoodi Bohra</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sulaymani_Bohra" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulaymani Bohra">Sulaymani Bohra</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Alavi_Bohra" class="mw-redirect" title="Alavi Bohra">Alavi Bohra</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hebtiahs_Bohra" title="Hebtiahs Bohra">Hebtiahs Bohra</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Atba-e-Malak" title="Atba-e-Malak">Atba-i-Malak Bohra</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Qutbi_Bohra" class="mw-redirect" title="Qutbi Bohra">Qutbi Bohra</a>)</li></ul></div></li></ul> </div> <p><br /> </p> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/15px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/23px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/31px-Allah-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Islam portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Aqidah" title="Template:Aqidah"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Aqidah" title="Template talk:Aqidah"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Aqidah" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Aqidah"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Maliki school's sources for <a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">Sharia</a> are hierarchically prioritized as follows: Quran and then widely transmitted Hadiths (sayings, customs and actions of Muhammad); <i>`Amal</i> (customs and practices of the people of Medina), followed by Ahad Hadith, and then followed by consensus of the <i><a href="/wiki/Sahabah" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahabah">Sahabah</a></i> (the companions of Muhammad), then individual opinion from the <i>Sahabah</i>, <a href="/wiki/Qiyas" title="Qiyas">Qiyas</a> (analogy), <a href="/wiki/Istislah" title="Istislah">Istislah</a> (interest and welfare of Islam and Muslims), and finally <i><a href="/wiki/Urf" title="Urf">Urf</a></i> (custom of people throughout the Muslim world if it did not contradict the hierarchically higher sources of Sharia).<sup id="cite_ref-hmr_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hmr-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Mālikī school primarily derives from the work of <a href="/wiki/Malik_ibn_Anas" title="Malik ibn Anas">Malik ibn Anas</a>, particularly the <a href="/wiki/Muwatta_Imam_Malik" title="Muwatta Imam Malik">Muwatta Imam Malik</a>, also known as <i>Al-Muwatta</i>. The Muwaṭṭa relies on Sahih <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">Hadiths</a>, includes Malik ibn Anas' commentary, but it is so complete that it is considered in Maliki school to be a sound hadith in itself.<sup id="cite_ref-vjc_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vjc-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mālik included the practices of the people of Medina and where the practices are in compliance with or in variance with the hadiths reported. This is because Mālik regarded the practices of Medina (the first three generations) to be a superior proof of the "living" <i>sunnah</i> than isolated, although sound, hadiths. Mālik was particularly scrupulous about authenticating his sources when he did appeal to them, as well as his comparatively small collection of aḥādith, known as <i>al-Muwaṭṭah</i> (or, The Straight Path).<sup id="cite_ref-vjc_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vjc-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The example of Maliki approach in using the opinion of Sahabah were recorded in <a href="/wiki/Muwatta_Imam_Malik" title="Muwatta Imam Malik">Muwatta Imam Malik</a> per ruling of cases regarding the law of consuming <a href="/wiki/Gazelle" title="Gazelle">Gazelle</a> meat.<sup id="cite_ref-Muwatta_1_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Muwatta_1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This tradition were used from opinion of <a href="/wiki/Zubayr_ibn_al-Awwam" title="Zubayr ibn al-Awwam">Zubayr ibn al-Awwam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Muwatta_1_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Muwatta_1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Malik also included the daily practice of az-Zubayr as his source of "living sunnah" (living tradition) for his guideline to pass verdicts for various matters, in accordance of his school of though method.<sup id="cite_ref-Brannon_Wheeler_canon_Maliki_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brannon_Wheeler_canon_Maliki-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mosque_of_Oqba_Courtyard,_Kairouan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Mosque_of_Oqba_Courtyard%2C_Kairouan.jpg/260px-Mosque_of_Oqba_Courtyard%2C_Kairouan.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Mosque_of_Oqba_Courtyard%2C_Kairouan.jpg/390px-Mosque_of_Oqba_Courtyard%2C_Kairouan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Mosque_of_Oqba_Courtyard%2C_Kairouan.jpg/520px-Mosque_of_Oqba_Courtyard%2C_Kairouan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Mosque_of_Uqba" class="mw-redirect" title="Mosque of Uqba">Great Mosque of Kairouan</a>, known since the 9th century as one of the most important Maliki centers.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Mosque_of_Uqba" class="mw-redirect" title="Mosque of Uqba">Great Mosque of Kairouan</a> is situated in the city of <a href="/wiki/Kairouan" title="Kairouan">Kairouan</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The second source, the Al-Mudawwana, is the collaborator work of Mālik's longtime student, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Q%C4%81sim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibn Qāsim (page does not exist)">Ibn Qāsim</a> and his <a href="/wiki/Mujtahid" class="mw-redirect" title="Mujtahid">mujtahid</a> student, <a href="/wiki/Sahnun" title="Sahnun">Sahnun</a>. The Mudawwanah consists of the notes of Ibn Qāsim from his sessions of learning with Mālik and answers to legal questions raised by Saḥnūn in which Ibn Qāsim quotes from Mālik, and where no notes existed, his own legal reasoning based upon the principles he learned from Mālik. These two books, i.e. the Muwaṭṭah and Mudawwanah, along with other primary books taken from other prominent students of Mālik, would find their way into the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mukhta%E1%B9%A3ar_Khal%C4%ABl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mukhtaṣar Khalīl (page does not exist)">Mukhtaṣar Khalīl</a>, which would form the basis for the later Mālikī madhhab. </p><p>The Maliki school is most closely related to the <a href="/wiki/Hanafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanafi">Hanafi</a> school, differing in degree, not in kind.<sup id="cite_ref-jamaln_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jamaln-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, unlike the Hanafi school, the Maliki school does not assign as much weight to analogy, but derives its rulings from pragmatism using the principles of <i>istislah</i> (public interest) wherever the Quran and Sahih Hadiths do not provide explicit guidance.<sup id="cite_ref-jamaln_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jamaln-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notable_differences_from_other_schools">Notable differences from other schools</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maliki_school&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Notable differences from other schools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Maliki school differs from the other Sunni schools of law most notably in the sources it uses for derivation of rulings. Like all Sunni schools of Sharia, the Maliki school uses the <a href="/wiki/Qur%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Qur'an">Qur'an</a> as primary source, followed by the sayings, customs/traditions and practices of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>, transmitted as hadiths. In the Mālikī school, said tradition includes not only what was recorded in hadiths, but also the legal rulings of the four <a href="/wiki/Rashidun" title="Rashidun">rightly guided</a> <a href="/wiki/Caliph" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliph">caliphs</a> – especially <a href="/wiki/Umar" title="Umar">Umar</a>. </p><p>Malik bin Anas himself also accepted <a href="/wiki/Ijma" title="Ijma">binding consensus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Qiyas" title="Qiyas">analogical reasoning</a> along with the majority of Sunni jurists, though with conditions. Consensus was only accepted as a valid source of law if it was drawn from the <a href="/wiki/Sahaba" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahaba">first</a> generation of Muslims in general, or the first, <a href="/wiki/Tabi%E2%80%98in" class="mw-redirect" title="Tabi‘in">second</a> or third generations from Medina, while analogy was only accepted as valid as a last resort when an answer was not found in other sources.<sup id="cite_ref-mansoor_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mansoor-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_Mālikīs"><span id="Notable_M.C4.81lik.C4.ABs"></span>Notable Mālikīs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maliki_school&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Notable Mālikīs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Ibn Abd al-Hakam (d. 829), one of the Egyptian scholars who developed the Maliki school in Egypt <sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Asbagh ibn al-Faraj (d. 840), Egyptian scholar <sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahya_al-Laithi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahya al-Laithi">Yahya al-Laithi</a> (d. 848), Andalusian scholar, introduced the Maliki school in <a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus" title="Al-Andalus">Al-Andalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahnun" title="Sahnun">Sahnun</a> (AH 160/776–77 – AH 240/854–55), Sunnī jurist and author of the <i><a href="/wiki/Mudawana" title="Mudawana">Mudawwanah</a></i>, one of the most important works in Mālikī law</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Abi_Zayd" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Abi Zayd">Ibn Abi Zayd</a> (310/922–386/996), Tunisian Sunnī jurist and author of the <i>Risālah</i>, a standard work in Mālikī law</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_ibn_abd_al-Barr" class="mw-redirect" title="Yusuf ibn abd al-Barr">Yusuf ibn abd al-Barr</a> (978–1071), Andalusian scholar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Tashfin" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Tashfin">Ibn Tashfin</a> (1061–1106), one of the prominent leaders of the <a href="/wiki/Almoravid_dynasty" title="Almoravid dynasty">Almoravid dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qadi_Iyad" title="Qadi Iyad">Qadi Iyad</a> (d. 1149), a Imam and highly regarded Qadi in Maliki jurisprudence</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Rushd" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Rushd">Ibn Rushd</a> (<a href="/wiki/Averroes" title="Averroes">Averroes</a>) (1126–1198), philosopher and scholar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qurtubi" title="Al-Qurtubi">Al-Qurtubi</a> (1214–1273)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shihab_al-Din_al-Qarafi" title="Shihab al-Din al-Qarafi">Shihab al-Din al-Qarafi</a> (1228–1285), Moroccan jurist and author who lived in Egypt</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalil_ibn_Ishaq_al-Jundi" title="Khalil ibn Ishaq al-Jundi">Khalil ibn Ishaq al-Jundi</a> (d. <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1365</span>), Egyptian jurist, author of <a href="/wiki/Mukhtasar" title="Mukhtasar">Mukhtasar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta">Ibn Battuta</a> (February 24, 1304 – 1377), explorer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Khald%C5%ABn" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Khaldūn">Ibn Khaldūn</a> (1332/AH 732–1406/AH 808), scholar, historian and author of the <a href="/wiki/Muqaddimah" title="Muqaddimah">Muqaddimah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ishaq_al-Shatibi" title="Abu Ishaq al-Shatibi">Abu Ishaq al-Shatibi</a> (d. 1388), a famous Andalusian Maliki jurist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidi_Boushaki" title="Sidi Boushaki">Sidi Boushaki</a> (d. 1453), a famous Algerian Maliki jurist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidi_Abd_al-Rahman_al-Tha%27alibi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sidi Abd al-Rahman al-Tha'alibi">Sidi Abd al-Rahman al-Tha'alibi</a> (d. 1479), a famous Algerian Maliki jurist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidi_Ahmed_Rguibi" title="Sidi Ahmed Rguibi">Sidi Ahmed Rguibi</a> (1590–1665) Sahrawi preacher and progenitor of the <a href="/wiki/Reguibat_tribe" title="Reguibat tribe">Reguibat tribe</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contemporary_Malikis">Contemporary Malikis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maliki_school&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Contemporary Malikis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Usman_dan_Fodio" title="Usman dan Fodio">Usman dan Fodio</a> (1754–1817), founder of the <a href="/wiki/Sokoto_Caliphate" title="Sokoto Caliphate">Sokoto Caliphate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullahi_dan_Fodio" title="Abdullahi dan Fodio">Abdullahi dan Fodio</a> (1766–1829), Sufi and brother of Usman dan Fodio</li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Hadj_Umar_Tall" class="mw-redirect" title="El Hadj Umar Tall">El Hadj Umar Tall</a> (1794–1864), founder of the <a href="/wiki/Toucouleur_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Toucouleur Empire">Toucouleur Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emir_Abdelkader" title="Emir Abdelkader">Emir Abdelkader</a> (1808–1883), Algerian sufi and politician, religious and military leader who led a struggle against the <a href="/wiki/French_conquest_of_Algeria" title="French conquest of Algeria">French colonial invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Mukhtar" class="mw-redirect" title="Omar Mukhtar">Omar Mukhtar</a> (1862–1931), Libyan resistance leader</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Alawi" title="Ahmad al-Alawi">Ahmad al-Alawi</a> (1869–1934), Algerian Sufi leader</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Tahir_ibn_Ashur" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad al-Tahir ibn Ashur">Muhammad al-Tahir ibn Ashur</a> (1879-1973) Tunisian Islamic scholar and qadi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Gu%C3%A9non" title="René Guénon">René Guénon</a> (1888–1951), French metaphysician and scholar of the <a href="/wiki/Traditionalism_(perennialism)" title="Traditionalism (perennialism)">Traditionalist school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodolfo_Gil_Benumeya" title="Rodolfo Gil Benumeya">Rodolfo Gil Benumeya</a> (1901–1975), Spanish <a href="/wiki/Arabist" title="Arabist">Arabist</a> and historian of <a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus" title="Al-Andalus">Al-Andalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdalqadir_as-Sufi" title="Abdalqadir as-Sufi">Abdalqadir as-Sufi</a> (1930–2021), Scottish <i><a href="/wiki/Sheikh#Sufi_term" title="Sheikh">shaykh</a></i> and founder of the <a href="/wiki/Murabitun_World_Movement" title="Murabitun World Movement">Murabitun World Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdallah_bin_Bayyah" title="Abdallah bin Bayyah">Abdallah bin Bayyah</a> (born 1935), Mauritanian scholar and professor of Islamic studies at <a href="/wiki/King_Abdulaziz_University" title="King Abdulaziz University">King Abdulaziz University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%27adu_Abubakar" title="Sa'adu Abubakar">Sa'adu Abubakar</a> (born 1956), 20th Sultan of <a href="/wiki/Sokoto_Sultanate_Council" title="Sokoto Sultanate Council">Sokoto</a> and spiritual leader of Nigeria's Sunni Muslims</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamza_Yusuf" title="Hamza Yusuf">Hamza Yusuf</a> (born 1958), American scholar and co-founder of <a href="/wiki/Zaytuna_College" title="Zaytuna College">Zaytuna College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Layth" title="Abu Layth">Abu Layth</a> (born 1978), British scholar and teacher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Saad_Al-Azhari" title="Ahmed Saad Al-Azhari">Ahmed Saad Al-Azhari</a> (born 1978), Egyptian–British Islamic scholar and a graduate of Al-Azhar university. Saad was formerly a Shafi’i before adopting the Maliki school</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maliki_school&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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of Islam">Glossary of Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Islamic_scholars" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Islamic scholars">List of Islamic scholars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Seven_Fuqaha_of_Medina" title="The Seven Fuqaha of Medina">The Seven Fuqaha of Medina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_four_Sunni_Imams" title="The four Sunni Imams">The four Sunni Imams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malikization_of_the_Maghreb" title="Malikization of the Maghreb">Malikization of the Maghreb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malikism_in_Algeria" title="Malikism in Algeria">Malikism in Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adhan" title="Adhan">Adhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_views_on_sin" title="Islamic views on sin">Islamic views on sin</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maliki_school&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-hmr-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hmr_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hmr_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRamadan2006" class="citation book cs1">Ramadan, Hisham M. (2006). <i>Understanding Islamic Law: From Classical to Contemporary</i>. <a href="/wiki/Rowman_Altamira" class="mw-redirect" title="Rowman Altamira">Rowman Altamira</a>. pp. 26–27. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7591-0991-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7591-0991-9"><bdi>978-0-7591-0991-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Understanding+Islamic+Law%3A+From+Classical+to+Contemporary&rft.pages=26-27&rft.pub=Rowman+Altamira&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-7591-0991-9&rft.aulast=Ramadan&rft.aufirst=Hisham+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaliki+school" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vjc-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-vjc_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vjc_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vjc_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Vincent J. Cornell (2006), Voices of Islam, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0275987336" title="Special:BookSources/978-0275987336">978-0275987336</a>, pp 160</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-unc1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-unc1_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-unc1_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-unc1_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-unc1_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://veil.unc.edu/religions/islam/law/">Jurisprudence and Law – Islam</a> Reorienting the Veil, University of North Carolina (2009)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Abdullah Saeed (2008), The Qur'an: An Introduction, Routledge, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0415421256" title="Special:BookSources/978-0415421256">978-0415421256</a>, pp. 16–18</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLarkin2001" class="citation book cs1">Larkin, Barbara (July 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OTx1qbA8OW8C&pg=PA427"><i>International Religious Freedom (2000)</i></a>. DIANE. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780756712297" title="Special:BookSources/9780756712297"><bdi>9780756712297</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Religious+Freedom+%282000%29&rft.pub=DIANE&rft.date=2001-07&rft.isbn=9780756712297&rft.aulast=Larkin&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOTx1qbA8OW8C%26pg%3DPA427&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaliki+school" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnishchenkova2020" class="citation book cs1">Anishchenkova, Valerie (2020). <i>Modern Saudi Arabia</i>. p. 143. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1440857058" title="Special:BookSources/978-1440857058"><bdi>978-1440857058</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+Saudi+Arabia&rft.pages=143&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-1440857058&rft.aulast=Anishchenkova&rft.aufirst=Valerie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaliki+school" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bernard Lewis (2001), The Muslim Discovery of Europe, WW Norton, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0393321654" title="Special:BookSources/978-0393321654">978-0393321654</a>, p. 67</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-futureIslam-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-futureIslam_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wilfrid Scawen Blunt and Riad Nourallah, <i>The future of Islam</i>, Routledge, 2002, page 199</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ira Marvin Lapidus, <i>A history of Islamic societies</i>, Cambridge University Press, 2002, page 308</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Camilla_Adang" title="Camilla Adang">Camilla Adang</a>, <i>This Day I have Perfected Your Religion For You: A Zahiri Conception of Religious Authority</i>, pg. 17. Taken from <i>Speaking for Islam: Religious Authorities in Muslim Societies</i>. Ed. <a href="/wiki/Gudrun_Kr%C3%A4mer" title="Gudrun Krämer">Gudrun Krämer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sabine_Schmidtke" title="Sabine Schmidtke">Sabine Schmidtke</a>. <a href="/wiki/Leiden" title="Leiden">Leiden</a>: <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill Publishers</a>, 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dutton-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dutton_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDutton" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Yasin_Dutton" title="Yasin Dutton">Dutton, Yasin</a>, <i>The Origins of Islamic Law: The Qurʼan, the Muwaṭṭaʼ and Madinan ʻAmal</i>, p. 16</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Origins+of+Islamic+Law%3A+The+Qur%CA%BCan%2C+the+Muwa%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADa%CA%BC+and+Madinan+%CA%BBAmal&rft.pages=16&rft.aulast=Dutton&rft.aufirst=Yasin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaliki+school" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Haddad2007-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Haddad2007_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaddad2007" class="citation book cs1">Haddad, Gibril F. (2007). <i>The Four Imams and Their Schools</i>. <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">U.K.</a>: Muslim Academic Trust. pp. 121–194.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Four+Imams+and+Their+Schools&rft.place=London%2C+the+U.K.&rft.pages=121-194&rft.pub=Muslim+Academic+Trust&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Haddad&rft.aufirst=Gibril+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaliki+school" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HistoryOfIslam-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HistoryOfIslam_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150721215837/http://historyofislam.com/contents/the-classical-period/imam-ja%E2%80%99afar-as-sadiq/">"Imam Ja'afar as Sadiq"</a>. <i>History of Islam</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://historyofislam.com/contents/the-classical-period/imam-ja%E2%80%99afar-as-sadiq/">the original</a> on 2015-07-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-11-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=History+of+Islam&rft.atitle=Imam+Ja%27afar+as+Sadiq&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhistoryofislam.com%2Fcontents%2Fthe-classical-period%2Fimam-ja%25E2%2580%2599afar-as-sadiq%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaliki+school" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Maribel_Fierro" title="Maribel Fierro">Maribel Fierro</a>, Proto-Malikis, Malikis and Reformed Malikis in al-Andalus<i>, pg. 61. Taken from </i>The Islamic School of Law: Evolution, Devolution and Progress. Eds. <a href="/wiki/Peri_Bearman" title="Peri Bearman">Peri Bearman</a>, Rudolph Peters and Frank E. Vogel. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge, Massachusetts</a>, 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fierro, "The Introduction of <i>Hadith</i> in al-Andalus (2nd/8th - 3rd/9th centuries)," pg. 68–93. <i>Der Islam</i>, vol. 66, 1989.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaiselShoup2009" class="citation book cs1">Maisel, Sebastian; Shoup, John A. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uhJu2_8vMkMC&pg=PA273"><i>Saudi Arabia and the Gulf Arab States Today</i></a>. Bloomsbury Academic. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780313344428" title="Special:BookSources/9780313344428"><bdi>9780313344428</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Saudi+Arabia+and+the+Gulf+Arab+States+Today&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Academic&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780313344428&rft.aulast=Maisel&rft.aufirst=Sebastian&rft.au=Shoup%2C+John+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuhJu2_8vMkMC%26pg%3DPA273&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaliki+school" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampo2009" class="citation book cs1">Campo, Juan Eduardo (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&q=Initially+hostile+to+mystical+practices%2C+Malikis++eventually+learned+to+coexist+with+Sufi+customs+as++the+latter+became+widespread+throughout+North++and+West+Africa.+Many+Muslims+now+adhere+to++both+Maliki+law+and+a+Sufi+order."><i>Encyclopedia of Islam</i></a>. Infobase Publishing. p. 455. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-2696-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-2696-8"><bdi>978-1-4381-2696-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Islam&rft.pages=455&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-4381-2696-8&rft.aulast=Campo&rft.aufirst=Juan+Eduardo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOZbyz_Hr-eIC%26q%3DInitially%2Bhostile%2Bto%2Bmystical%2Bpractices%252C%2BMalikis%2B%2Beventually%2Blearned%2Bto%2Bcoexist%2Bwith%2BSufi%2Bcustoms%2Bas%2B%2Bthe%2Blatter%2Bbecame%2Bwidespread%2Bthroughout%2BNorth%2B%2Band%2BWest%2BAfrica.%2BMany%2BMuslims%2Bnow%2Badhere%2Bto%2B%2Bboth%2BMaliki%2Blaw%2Band%2Ba%2BSufi%2Border.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaliki+school" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Muwatta_1-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Muwatta_1_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Muwatta_1_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFIbn_Anas2007">Ibn Anas (2007</a>, p. 368)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brannon_Wheeler_canon_Maliki-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Brannon_Wheeler_canon_Maliki_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWheeler1996">Wheeler (1996</a>, pp. 28–29)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOliverOliverAtmore2001" class="citation book cs1">Oliver, Roland Anthony; Oliver, Roland; Atmore, Anthony (August 16, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4o-OZ5w-BmMC&dq=mosqu%C3%A9e+de+kayrawan&pg=PA36"><i>Medieval Africa, 1250-1800</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521793728" title="Special:BookSources/9780521793728"><bdi>9780521793728</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Africa%2C+1250-1800&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2001-08-16&rft.isbn=9780521793728&rft.aulast=Oliver&rft.aufirst=Roland+Anthony&rft.au=Oliver%2C+Roland&rft.au=Atmore%2C+Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4o-OZ5w-BmMC%26dq%3Dmosqu%25C3%25A9e%2Bde%2Bkayrawan%26pg%3DPA36&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaliki+school" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jamaln-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jamaln_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jamaln_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jamal Nasir (1990), The Islamic Law of Personal Status, Brill Academic, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1853332807" title="Special:BookSources/978-1853332807">978-1853332807</a>, pp. 16–17</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mansoor-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mansoor_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mansoor Moaddel, <i>Islamic Modernism, Nationalism, and Fundamentalism: Episode and Discourse</i>, pg. 32. <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Press" title="University of Chicago Press">University of Chicago Press</a>, 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Reuben_Levy" title="Reuben Levy">Reuben Levy</a>, <i>Introduction to the Sociology of Islam</i>, pg. 237, 239 and 245. <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>: Williams and Norgate, 1931–1933.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrockopp2000" class="citation book cs1">Brockopp, Jonathan E. (2000-01-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ciSskcBCi3EC&q=Early+M%C4%81lik%C4%AB+Law.+Ibn+%CA%BFAbd+al-%E1%B8%A4akam"><i>Early Mālikī Law: Ibn ʻAbd Al-Ḥakam and His Major Compendium of Jurisprudence</i></a>. BRILL. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-11628-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-11628-3"><bdi>978-90-04-11628-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+M%C4%81lik%C4%AB+Law%3A+Ibn+%CA%BBAbd+Al-%E1%B8%A4akam+and+His+Major+Compendium+of+Jurisprudence&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.isbn=978-90-04-11628-3&rft.aulast=Brockopp&rft.aufirst=Jonathan+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DciSskcBCi3EC%26q%3DEarly%2BM%25C4%2581lik%25C4%25AB%2BLaw.%2BIbn%2B%25CA%25BFAbd%2Bal-%25E1%25B8%25A4akam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaliki+school" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTillierVanthieghem2019" class="citation journal cs1">Tillier, Mathieu; Vanthieghem, Naïm (2019-09-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-02308412/file/Tillier-Vanthieghem-Papyrus%20Michaelides%20Fiqh%20DEF.pdf">"Un traité de droit mālikite égyptien redécouvert : Aṣbaġ b. al-Faraǧ (m. 225/ 840) et le serment d'abstinence"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Islamic Law and Society</i>. <b>26</b> (4): 329–373. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F15685195-00264P01">10.1163/15685195-00264P01</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0928-9380">0928-9380</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:204381746">204381746</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Islamic+Law+and+Society&rft.atitle=Un+trait%C3%A9+de+droit+m%C4%81likite+%C3%A9gyptien+red%C3%A9couvert+%3A+A%E1%B9%A3ba%C4%A1+b.+al-Fara%C7%A7+%28m.+225%2F+840%29+et+le+serment+d%27abstinence&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=329-373&rft.date=2019-09-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A204381746%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0928-9380&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F15685195-00264P01&rft.aulast=Tillier&rft.aufirst=Mathieu&rft.au=Vanthieghem%2C+Na%C3%AFm&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhalshs.archives-ouvertes.fr%2Fhalshs-02308412%2Ffile%2FTillier-Vanthieghem-Papyrus%2520Michaelides%2520Fiqh%2520DEF.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaliki+school" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citation">Citation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maliki_school&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Citation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIbn_Anas2007" class="citation book cs1">Ibn Anas, Malik (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ui1uDwAAQBAJ"><i>Muwatta Imam Malik</i></a>. Translated by Muphtah Aduli. Dar al-Kotob al-Ilmiyah. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782745155719" title="Special:BookSources/9782745155719"><bdi>9782745155719</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muwatta+Imam+Malik&rft.pub=Dar+al-Kotob+al-Ilmiyah&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9782745155719&rft.aulast=Ibn+Anas&rft.aufirst=Malik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUi1uDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaliki+school" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWheeler1996" class="citation book cs1">Wheeler, Brannon M. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VITdPnf0mswC"><i>Applying the Canon in Islam: The Authorization and Maintenance of Interpretive Reasoning in Ḥanafī Scholarship</i></a>. State University of New York Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4384-2395-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4384-2395-1"><bdi>978-1-4384-2395-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Applying+the+Canon+in+Islam%3A+The+Authorization+and+Maintenance+of+Interpretive+Reasoning+in+%E1%B8%A4anaf%C4%AB+Scholarship&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-1-4384-2395-1&rft.aulast=Wheeler&rft.aufirst=Brannon+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVITdPnf0mswC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaliki+school" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maliki_school&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Cilardo, Agostino (2014), <i>Maliki Fiqh</i>, in <i>Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God</i> (2 vols.), Edited by C. Fitzpatrick and A. Walker, Santa Barbara, ABC-CLIO</li> <li>Chouki El Hamel (2012), <i>Slavery in Maliki School in the Maghreb</i>, in Black Morocco: A History of Slavery, Race, and Islam, Cambridge University Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1107025776" title="Special:BookSources/978-1107025776">978-1107025776</a></li> <li>Thomas Eich (2009), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/islamls16&div=20&id=&page=">Induced Miscarriage (Abortion) in Early Maliki and Hanafi Fiqh</a>, Islamic Law & Society, Vol. 16, pp. 302–336</li> <li>Janina Safran (2003), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/375036">Rules of purity and confessional boundaries: Maliki debates about the pollution of the Christian</a>, History of religions, Vol. 42 No. 3, pp. 197–212</li> <li>FH Ruxton (1913), <i>The Convert's Status in Maliki Law</i>, The Muslim World, Vol 3, Issue 1, pp. 37–40, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1478-1913.1913.tb00174.x">10.1111/j.1478-1913.1913.tb00174.x</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maliki_school&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150227211617/http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religious-texts/hadith/muwatta/">Partial Translation of Mālik's <i>Al-Muwaṭṭah</i></a> University of Southern California</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.philtar.ac.uk/encyclopedia/islam/sunni/malik.html">Malikiyyah</a> Bulend Shanay, Lancaster University</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sunnah.org/publication/khulafa_rashideen/malik.htm">Biographical summary of Imam Mālik</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.muwatta.com/ebooks/english/risala_ibn_abi_zayd_salutations.pdf">Al-Risalah of 'Abdullah ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani</a> 10th century Maliki text on Islamic law, Translated by Aisha Bewley</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120427233642/http://www.at-tawhid.net/pages/Jurisprudence_Islamique_Al_Fiqh-7298118.html">French translations of a variety of important Mālikī source texts</a> <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Muslim_scholars_of_the_Maliki_school" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Maliki_scholars" title="Template:Maliki scholars"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Maliki_scholars" title="Template talk:Maliki scholars"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Maliki_scholars" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Maliki scholars"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Muslim_scholars_of_the_Maliki_school" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Muslim scholars of the Maliki school</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li>by century (<a href="/wiki/Hijri_year" title="Hijri year">AH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">CE</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2nd/8th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malik_ibn_Anas" title="Malik ibn Anas">Malik ibn Anas</a> (founder of the school; 711–795)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Ziyad" title="Ali ibn Ziyad">Ali ibn Ziyad</a> (d. 799)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Wahb" title="Ibn Wahb">Ibn Wahb</a> (743–813)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_ibn_al-Qasim" title="Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Qasim">Ibn al-Qasim</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="14" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tower_of_the_Great_Mosque_of_Kairouan.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The Great Mosque of Kairouan in present day Tunisia"><img alt="The Great Mosque of Kairouan in present day Tunisia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Tower_of_the_Great_Mosque_of_Kairouan.JPG/125px-Tower_of_the_Great_Mosque_of_Kairouan.JPG" decoding="async" width="125" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Tower_of_the_Great_Mosque_of_Kairouan.JPG/188px-Tower_of_the_Great_Mosque_of_Kairouan.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Tower_of_the_Great_Mosque_of_Kairouan.JPG/250px-Tower_of_the_Great_Mosque_of_Kairouan.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3rd/9th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asad_ibn_al-Furat" title="Asad ibn al-Furat">Asad ibn al-Furat</a> (759–828)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahya_ibn_Yahya_al-Laythi" title="Yahya ibn Yahya al-Laythi">Yahya ibn Yahya al-Laythi</a> (d. 848)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahnun" title="Sahnun">Sahnun</a> (d. 854/55)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Abi_Bakr_al-Zuhri" title="Ahmad ibn Abi Bakr al-Zuhri">Ahmad ibn Abi Bakr al-Zuhri</a> (767–856)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_%27Abd_al-Hakam" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn 'Abd al-Hakam">Ibn 'Abd al-Hakam</a> (801–871)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">4th/10th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Arab" title="Abu al-Arab">Abu al-Arab</a> (d. 945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Abi_Zayd" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Abi Zayd">Ibn Abi Zayd</a> (922–996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Baqillani" title="Al-Baqillani">Al-Baqillani</a> (950–1013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidi_Mahrez" title="Sidi Mahrez">Sidi Mahrez</a> (951–1022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qadi_%27Abd_al-Wahhab" class="mw-redirect" title="Qadi 'Abd al-Wahhab">Qadi 'Abd al-Wahhab</a> (973–1035)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Imran_al-Fasi" title="Abu Imran al-Fasi">Abu Imran al-Fasi</a> (d. 1039)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">5th/11th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Battal" title="Ibn Battal">Ibn Battal</a> (d. 1057)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_%27Abd_al-Barr" title="Ibn 'Abd al-Barr">Ibn 'Abd al-Barr</a> (d. 1071)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Walid_al-Baji" title="Abu al-Walid al-Baji">Al-Baji</a> (1013–1081)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Hassan_al-Lakhmi" title="Abu al-Hassan al-Lakhmi">Al-Lakhmi</a> (1006–1085)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waggag_ibn_Zallu_al-Lamti" title="Waggag ibn Zallu al-Lamti">Al-Lamti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">6th/12th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/At-Turtushi" class="mw-redirect" title="At-Turtushi">At-Turtushi</a> (1059–1126)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Maziri" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Maziri">Al-Maziri</a> (1061–1141)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Barrajan" title="Ibn Barrajan">Ibn Barrajan</a> (d. 1141)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_ibn_al-Arabi" title="Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi">Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi</a> (1076–1148)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qadi_Ayyad" class="mw-redirect" title="Qadi Ayyad">Qadi Ayyad</a> (1083–1149)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Suhayli" title="Al-Suhayli">Al-Suhayli</a> (1114–1185)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Averroes" title="Averroes">Averroes</a> (1126–1198)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_ibn_Qasim_al-Tamimi" title="Mohammed ibn Qasim al-Tamimi">Al-Tamimi</a> (d. 1207/08)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">7th/13th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_al-Qattan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali ibn al-Qattan">Al-Qattan</a> (d. 1231)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Abbas_al-Azafi" title="Abu al-Abbas al-Azafi">Al-Azafi</a> (1162–1236)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Hajib" title="Ibn al-Hajib">Ibn al-Hajib</a> (d. 1249)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qurtubi" title="Al-Qurtubi">Al-Qurtubi</a> (1214–1273)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shihab_al-Din_al-Qarafi" title="Shihab al-Din al-Qarafi">Al-Qarafi</a> (1228–1285)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Ata_Allah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Ata Allah">Ibn Ata Allah</a> (1259–1310)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Hassan_Ali_ibn_Mohammed_al-Zarwili" title="Abu al-Hassan Ali ibn Mohammed al-Zarwili">Al-Zarwili</a> (d. 1319)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Rushayd" title="Muhammad ibn Rushayd">Ibn Rushayd</a> (1259–1321)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">8th/14th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Haj_al-Abdari" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn al-Haj al-Abdari">Ibn al-Haj</a> (d. 1336)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Juzayy" title="Ibn Juzayy">Ibn Juzayy</a> (d. 1340)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalil_ibn_Ishaq_al-Jundi" title="Khalil ibn Ishaq al-Jundi">Khalil ibn-Ishaq</a> (d. 1365)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Marzuq" title="Ibn Marzuq">Ibn Marzuq</a> (d. 1379)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ishaq_al-Shatibi" title="Abu Ishaq al-Shatibi">Ash-Shatibi</a> (1320–1388)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Farhun" title="Ibn Farhun">Ibn Farhun</a> (d. 1397)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Arafa" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Arafa">Ibn 'Arafa</a> (1316–1401)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun">Ibn Khaldun</a> (1332–1406)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Yahya_ibn_al-Sakkak" title="Abu Yahya ibn al-Sakkak">Al-Sakkak</a> (d. 1415)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taqi_al-Din_al-Fasi" title="Taqi al-Din al-Fasi">Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Fasi</a> (1373–1429)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">9th/15th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sidi_Boushaki" title="Sidi Boushaki">Ibn Faïd</a> (1394–1453)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_al-Tha%27alibi" title="Abd al-Rahman al-Tha'alibi">Abd al-Rahman al-Tha'alibi</a> (1384–1479)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Azraq" title="Ibn al-Azraq">Ibn al-Azraq</a> (1427–1491)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Zarruq" title="Ahmad Zarruq">Ahmad Zarruq</a> (1442–1493)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_ibn_Hilal_al-Sijilmasi" title="Ibrahim ibn Hilal al-Sijilmasi">Ibn Hilal al-Sijilmasi</a> (d. 1497/98)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">10th/16th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Qasim_al-Zaqqaq" title="Ali ibn Qasim al-Zaqqaq">Ali ibn Qasim al-Zaqqaq</a> (d. 1506/07)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Wansharisi" title="Ahmad al-Wansharisi">Al-Wansharisi</a> (d. 1508)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Abi_Jum%27ah" title="Ahmad ibn Abi Jum'ah">Ibn Abi Jum'ah</a> (d. 1511)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Ghazi_al-Miknasi" title="Ibn Ghazi al-Miknasi">Al-Miknasi</a> (1437–1513)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hattab" title="Al-Hattab">Al-Hattab</a> (1497–1547)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Akhdari" title="Al-Akhdari">Al-Akhdari</a> (1512–1575)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_al-Mandjur" title="Ahmed al-Mandjur">Al-Mandjur</a> (1520–1587)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu-l-Hasan_al-Tamgruti" title="Abu-l-Hasan al-Tamgruti">Al-Tamgruti</a> (d. 1594/95)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">11th/17th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Ashir" title="Ibn Ashir">Ibn Ashir</a> (1582–1631)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Laqani" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Laqani">Al-Laqani</a> (d. 1631)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Mayyara" title="Muhammad Mayyara">Mayyara</a> (1591–1662)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Abdallah_Mohammed_al-Murabit_al-Dila%27i" title="Abu Abdallah Mohammed al-Murabit al-Dila'i">Al-Dila'i</a> (d. 1678)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Qadir_al-Fasi" title="Abd al-Qadir al-Fasi">Al-Qadir al-Fasi</a> (1599–1680)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_al-Fasi" title="Abd al-Rahman al-Fasi">Al-Rahman al-Fasi</a> (1631–1685)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd-al-Baqi_al-Zurqani" title="Abd-al-Baqi al-Zurqani">Az-Zurqani</a> (1611–1688)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Zurqani" title="Muhammad al-Zurqani">Muhammad al-Zurqani</a> (1645–1710)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">12th/18th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_ibn_al-Tayyib" title="Mohammed ibn al-Tayyib">Ibn al-Tayyib</a> (1698–1756)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Bannani" title="Al-Bannani">Al-Bannani</a> (1727–1780)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ad-Dardir" class="mw-redirect" title="Ad-Dardir">Ad-Dardir</a> (1715–1786)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidi_M%27hamed_Bou_Qobrine" title="Sidi M'hamed Bou Qobrine">M'Hamed Al-Azhari</a> (d. 1793/94)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_al-Tawudi_ibn_Suda" title="Mohammed al-Tawudi ibn Suda">Al-Tawudi ibn Suda</a> (1700–1795)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_ibn_Abu_al-Qasim_al-Sijilmasi" title="Mohammed ibn Abu al-Qasim al-Sijilmasi">Al-Qasim al-Sijilmasi</a> (d. 1800)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">13th/19th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_%27Ajiba" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmad ibn 'Ajiba">Ahmad ibn 'Ajiba</a> (1747–1809)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ad-Desouki" class="mw-redirect" title="Ad-Desouki">Ad-Desouki</a> (d. 1815)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usman_dan_Fodio" title="Usman dan Fodio">Usman dan Fodio</a> (1754–1817)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamdun_ibn_al-Hajj_al-Fasi" title="Hamdun ibn al-Hajj al-Fasi">Al-Hajj al-Fasi</a> (1760–1817)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullahi_dan_Fodio" title="Abdullahi dan Fodio">Abdullahi dan Fodio</a> (1766–1829)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_%27Ilish" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad 'Ilish">Muhammad 'Ilish</a> (1802–1882)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_At_Tij%C3%A2n%C3%AE_Ibn_B%C3%A2ba_Al_%27Alaw%C3%AE" title="Ahmad At Tijânî Ibn Bâba Al 'Alawî">Al Alawi</a> (d. 1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salim_al-Bishri" title="Salim al-Bishri">Salim al-Bishri</a> (1832–1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Harrak_Srifi" title="Ahmed Harrak Srifi">Ahmed Harrak Srifi</a> (d. 1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Skirej" title="Ahmed Skirej">Ahmed Skirej</a> (1878–1944)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">14th/20th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-%27Arabi_al-Tabbani" title="Muhammad al-'Arabi al-Tabbani">Muhammad al-'Arabi al-Tabbani</a> (1897–1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Fadhel_Ben_Achour" title="Mohamed Fadhel Ben Achour">Mohamed Fadhel Ben Achour</a> (1909–1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Tahir_ibn_Ashur" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad al-Tahir ibn Ashur">Muhammad al-Tahir ibn Ashur</a> (1879–1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_%27Alawi_al-Maliki" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad ibn 'Alawi al-Maliki">Muhammad ibn 'Alawi al-Maliki</a> (1944–2004)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">15th/21st</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Othman_Battikh" title="Othman Battikh">Othman Battikh</a> (1941–2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdallah_bin_Bayyah" title="Abdallah bin Bayyah">Abdallah bin Bayyah</a> (b. 1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_el-Tayeb" title="Ahmed el-Tayeb">Ahmed el-Tayeb</a> (b. 1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Karima" title="Ahmad Karima">Ahmad Karima</a> (b. 1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamza_Yusuf" title="Hamza Yusuf">Hamza Yusuf</a> (b. 1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Yaqoubi" title="Muhammad al-Yaqoubi">Muhammad al-Yaqoubi</a> (b. 1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashid_Al_Marikhi" title="Rashid Al Marikhi">Rashid Al Marikhi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Scholars of other Sunni Islamic schools of jurisprudence <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Hanafi_scholars" title="Template:Hanafi scholars">Hanafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Hanbali_scholars" title="Template:Hanbali scholars">Hanbali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Shafi%27i_scholars" title="Template:Shafi'i scholars">Shafi'i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Zahiri_scholars" title="Template:Zahiri scholars">Zahiri</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Maliki_books" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Maliki_books" title="Template:Maliki books"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Maliki_books" title="Template talk:Maliki books"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Maliki_books" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Maliki books"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Maliki_books" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Maliki books</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Malik_ibn_Anas" title="Malik ibn Anas">Malik ibn Anas</a> - <a href="/wiki/Malikism" class="mw-redirect" title="Malikism">Malikism</a> - <a href="/wiki/Fiqh" title="Fiqh">Fiqh</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Book" title="Book">Books</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muwatta_Imam_Malik" title="Muwatta Imam Malik">Muwatta Imam Malik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukhtasar" title="Mukhtasar">Mukhtasar Khalil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matn_Ibn_Ashir" class="mw-redirect" title="Matn Ibn Ashir">Matn Ibn Ashir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Risalah_(Ibn_Abi_Zayd)" title="Al-Risalah (Ibn Abi Zayd)">Al-Risalah (Ibn Abi Zayd)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mudawana_Kubra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mudawana Kubra (page does not exist)">Mudawana Kubra</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%89" class="extiw" title="ar:المدونة الكبرى">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Utbiyya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Utbiyya (page does not exist)">Al-Utbiyya</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:العتبية">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Wadhiha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Wadhiha (page does not exist)">Al-Wadhiha</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B6%D8%AD%D8%A9_(%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8)" class="extiw" title="ar:الواضحة (كتاب)">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Muwazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Muwazia (page does not exist)">Al-Muwazia</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:الموازية">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Waghlissia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Waghlissia (page does not exist)">Al-Waghlissia</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%BA%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:الوغليسية">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Qawanine_al-fiqhia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Qawanine al-fiqhia (page does not exist)">Al-Qawanine al-fiqhia</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%82%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:القوانين الفقهية">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=At-Tafrie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="At-Tafrie (page does not exist)">At-Tafrie</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B9" class="extiw" title="ar:التفريع">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ash-Shamil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ash-Shamil (page does not exist)">Ash-Shamil</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%81%D9%82%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83" class="extiw" title="ar:الشامل في فقه الإمام مالك">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Umnia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Umnia (page does not exist)">Al-Umnia</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A5%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:الأمنية في إدراك النية">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Qafi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Qafi (page does not exist)">Al-Qafi</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%81%D9%82%D9%87_%D8%A3%D9%87%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:الكافي في فقه أهل المدينة">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aqd_al-Djawahir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aqd al-Djawahir (page does not exist)">Aqd al-Djawahir</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%82%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%B0%D9%87%D8%A8_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:عقد الجواهر الثمينة في مذهب عالم المدينة">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kitab_al-Khissal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kitab al-Khissal (page does not exist)">Kitab al-Khissal</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%84" class="extiw" title="ar:كتاب الخصال">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Djamie_al-Umahate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Djamie al-Umahate (page does not exist)">Djamie al-Umahate</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AA" class="extiw" title="ar:جامع الأمهات">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=An-Nawadir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="An-Nawadir (page does not exist)">An-Nawadir</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA" class="extiw" title="ar:النوادر والزيادات">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tashil_as-Sabil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tashil as-Sabil (page does not exist)">Tashil as-Sabil</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A" class="extiw" title="ar:تسهيل سيدي بوسحاقي">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulghat_as-Salik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bulghat as-Salik (page does not exist)">Bulghat as-Salik</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83_%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83" class="extiw" title="ar:بلغة السالك لأقرب المسالك">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tuhfat_al-Mushtaq&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tuhfat al-Mushtaq (page does not exist)">Tuhfat al-Mushtaq</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%81%D8%A9_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A" class="extiw" title="ar:تحفة سيدي بوسحاقي">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fatawa_al-Qurtubi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fatawa al-Qurtubi (page does not exist)">Fatawa al-Qurtubi</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%8A" class="extiw" title="ar:فتاوي القاضي ابن زرب القرطبي">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Faydh_an-Nayl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Faydh an-Nayl (page does not exist)">Faydh an-Nayl</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B6_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A" class="extiw" title="ar:فيض سيدي بوسحاقي">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Mufid_lil-Hukkam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Mufid lil-Hukkam (page does not exist)">Al-Mufid lil-Hukkam</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7_%D9%8A%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%B6_%D9%84%D9%87%D9%85_%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85_(%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8)" class="extiw" title="ar:المفيد للحكام فيما يعرض لهم من نوازل الأحكام (كتاب)">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Mi%27yar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Mi'yar (page does not exist)">Al-Mi'yar</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%B9%D9%86_%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%89_%D8%A3%D9%87%D9%84_%D8%A5%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%B3_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8" class="extiw" title="ar:المعيار المعرب والجامع المغرب عن فتاوى أهل إفريقية والأندلس والمغرب">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ad-Dibaj&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ad-Dibaj (page does not exist)">Ad-Dibaj</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B0%D9%87%D8%A8_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B0%D9%87%D8%A8" class="extiw" title="ar:الديباج المذهب في معرفة أعيان علماء المذهب">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chajarat_an-Nour&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chajarat an-Nour (page does not exist)">Chajarat an-Nour</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:شجرة النور الزكية في طبقات المالكية">ar</a>]</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Islamic_theology" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Islamic_theology" title="Template:Islamic theology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Islamic_theology" title="Template talk:Islamic theology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Islamic_theology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Islamic theology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Islamic_theology" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Schools_of_Islamic_theology" title="Schools of Islamic theology">Islamic theology</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="FieldsTheologiansBooks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Fields</li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Muslim_theologians" title="List of Muslim theologians">Theologians</a></li><li>Books</li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fields</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Aqidah" title="Aqidah">Aqidah</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_eschatology" title="Islamic eschatology">Eschatology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_ethics" title="Islamic ethics">Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalam" title="Kalam">Kalam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_philosophy" title="Islamic philosophy">Philosophy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%27Aql" title="'Aql">‘Aql</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Islam" title="Education in Islam">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logic_in_Islamic_philosophy" title="Logic in Islamic philosophy">Logic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_in_Islamic_philosophy" title="Peace in Islamic philosophy">Peace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Science_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Science in the medieval Islamic world">Science</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astronomy_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Astronomy in the medieval Islamic world">Astronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmology_in_medieval_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosmology in medieval Islam">Cosmology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physics_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Physics in the medieval Islamic world">Physics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_cosmology" title="Sufi cosmology">Cosmology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_metaphysics" title="Sufi metaphysics">Metaphysics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_philosophy" title="Sufi philosophy">Philosophy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Muslim_theologians" title="List of Muslim theologians">Theologians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ash%27arism" title="Ash'arism">Ash'arism</a> <br />(<a href="/wiki/Abu_Hasan_al-Ash%27ari" title="Abu Hasan al-Ash'ari">al-Ash'ari</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Bayhaqi" title="Al-Bayhaqi">Al-Bayhaqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Baqillani" title="Al-Baqillani">Al-Baqillani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Juwayni" title="Al-Juwayni">Al-Juwayni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qushayri" title="Al-Qushayri">Al-Qushayri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shahrastani" title="Al-Shahrastani">Al-Shahrastani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ghazali" title="Al-Ghazali">Al-Ghazali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Taftazani" title="Al-Taftazani">Al-Taftazani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Maziri" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Maziri">Al-Maziri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Furak" title="Ibn Furak">Ibn Furak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Abi_Zayd_al-Qayrawani" title="Ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani">Ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakariyya_al-Ansari" title="Zakariyya al-Ansari">Zakariyya al-Ansari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Mansur_al-Baghdadi" title="Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi">Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ishaq_al-Isfara%27ini" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Ishaq al-Isfara'ini">Abu Ishaq al-Isfara'ini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Aqil" title="Ibn Aqil">Ibn Aqil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Tumart" title="Ibn Tumart">Ibn Tumart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Qadir_Gilani" title="Abdul Qadir Gilani">Abdul Qadir Gilani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Walid_al-Baji" title="Abu al-Walid al-Baji">Abu al-Walid al-Baji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_ibn_al-Arabi" title="Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi">Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Jawzi" title="Ibn al-Jawzi">Ibn al-Jawzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qadi_Ayyad" class="mw-redirect" title="Qadi Ayyad">Qadi Ayyad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Rifa%27i" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmad al-Rifa'i">Ahmad al-Rifa'i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakhr_al-Din_al-Razi" title="Fakhr al-Din al-Razi">Fakhr al-Din al-Razi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayf_al-Din_al-Amidi" title="Sayf al-Din al-Amidi">Sayf al-Din al-Amidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izz_al-Din_ibn_%27Abd_al-Salam" title="Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam">Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taqi_al-Din_al-Subki" title="Taqi al-Din al-Subki">Taqi al-Din al-Subki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shihab_al-Din_al-Qarafi" title="Shihab al-Din al-Qarafi">Shihab al-Din al-Qarafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hayyan_al-Gharnati" title="Abu Hayyan al-Gharnati">Abu Hayyan al-Gharnati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Baydawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Baydawi">Al-Baydawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun">Ibn Khaldun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Arafa" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Arafa">Ibn Arafa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_al-Tha%27alibi" title="Abd al-Rahman al-Tha'alibi">Abd al-Rahman al-Tha'alibi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hajar_al-Haytami" title="Ibn Hajar al-Haytami">Ibn Hajar al-Haytami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sha%27rani" title="Al-Sha'rani">Al-Sha'rani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalal_al-Din_al-Dawani" class="mw-redirect" title="Jalal al-Din al-Dawani">Jalal al-Din al-Dawani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Maqqari_al-Tilmisani" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Maqqari al-Tilmisani">Al-Maqqari al-Tilmisani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_al-Fasi" title="Abd al-Rahman al-Fasi">Abd al-Rahman al-Fasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Ashir" title="Ibn Ashir">Ibn Ashir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Bah%C5%ABt%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Bahūtī">Al-Bahūtī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Mayyara" title="Muhammad Mayyara">Muhammad Mayyara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ali_al-Hassan_al-Yusi" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Ali al-Hassan al-Yusi">Abu Ali al-Hassan al-Yusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Illish" class="mw-redirect" title="'Illish">'Illish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_al-Bajuri" title="Ibrahim al-Bajuri">Ibrahim al-Bajuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_ibn_Alawi_al-Haddad" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdullah ibn Alawi al-Haddad">Abdullah ibn Alawi al-Haddad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Dardir" title="Ahmad al-Dardir">Ahmad al-Dardir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Arafa_al-Desouki" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Arafa al-Desouki">Muhammad Arafa al-Desouki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Zayni_Dahlan" title="Ahmad Zayni Dahlan">Ahmad Zayni Dahlan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Islam_scholars_diagram" title="Template:Islam scholars diagram">Early</a> <a href="/wiki/Sunni_schools" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni schools">Sunni</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hanifa" title="Abu Hanifa">Abū Ḥanīfah al-Nu'mān ibn Thābit</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hanafi_school" title="Hanafi school">Hanafiyah</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malik_ibn_Anas" title="Malik ibn Anas">Malik ibn Anas</a> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Maliki</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shafi%27i" title="Al-Shafi'i">Al-Shafi'i</a> (<a href="/wiki/Shafi%27i_school" title="Shafi'i school">Shafi‘i</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Maturidism" title="Maturidism">Maturidism</a> <br />(<a href="/wiki/Abu_Mansur_al-Maturidi" title="Abu Mansur al-Maturidi">Al-Maturidi</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hakim_al-Samarqandi" title="Al-Hakim al-Samarqandi">Al-Hakim al-Samarqandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sarakhsi" title="Al-Sarakhsi">Al-Sarakhsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Bazdawi" title="Al-Bazdawi">Al-Bazdawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Yusr_al-Bazdawi" title="Abu al-Yusr al-Bazdawi">Abu al-Yusr al-Bazdawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Mu%27in_al-Nasafi" title="Abu al-Mu'in al-Nasafi">Abu al-Mu'in al-Nasafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ishaq_al-Saffar_al-Bukhari" title="Abu Ishaq al-Saffar al-Bukhari">Abu Ishaq al-Saffar al-Bukhari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Layth_al-Samarqandi" title="Abu al-Layth al-Samarqandi">Abu al-Layth al-Samarqandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Ala%27_al-Din_al-Bukhari" title="'Ala' al-Din al-Bukhari">'Ala' al-Din al-Bukhari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sharif_al-Jurjani" title="Al-Sharif al-Jurjani">Al-Sharif al-Jurjani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akmal_al-Din_al-Babarti" title="Akmal al-Din al-Babarti">Akmal al-Din al-Babarti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamal_al-Din_al-Ghaznawi" title="Jamal al-Din al-Ghaznawi">Jamal al-Din al-Ghaznawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nur_al-Din_al-Sabuni" title="Nur al-Din al-Sabuni">Nur al-Din al-Sabuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Najm_al-Din_%27Umar_al-Nasafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Najm al-Din 'Umar al-Nasafi">Najm al-Din 'Umar al-Nasafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siraj_al-Din_al-Ushi" title="Siraj al-Din al-Ushi">Siraj al-Din al-Ushi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shams_al-Din_al-Samarqandi" title="Shams al-Din al-Samarqandi">Shams al-Din al-Samarqandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khidr_Bey" title="Khidr Bey">Khidr Bey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Kemal" title="Ibn Kemal">Ibn Kemal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Qushji" title="Ali Qushji">Ali Qushji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Qari" title="Ali al-Qari">Ali al-Qari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Ghani_al-Ghunaymi_al-Maydani" title="Abd al-Ghani al-Ghunaymi al-Maydani">Al-Maydani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Sirhindi" title="Ahmad Sirhindi">Ahmad Sirhindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anwar_Shah_Kashmiri" title="Anwar Shah Kashmiri">Anwar Shah Kashmiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Waliullah_Dehlawi" title="Shah Waliullah Dehlawi">Shah Waliullah Dehlawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Abdul_Aziz" class="mw-redirect" title="Shah Abdul Aziz">Shah Abdul Aziz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalil_Ahmad_Saharanpuri" title="Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri">Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Zakariya_Kandhlawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Zakariya Kandhlawi">Muhammad Zakariya Kandhlawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahmatullah_Kairanawi" title="Rahmatullah Kairanawi">Rahmatullah Kairanawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murtada_al-Zabidi" title="Murtada al-Zabidi">Murtada al-Zabidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Ghani_al-Nabulsi" title="Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi">Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Abu_Zahra" title="Muhammad Abu Zahra">Muhammad Abu Zahra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanthapuram_A._P._Aboobacker_Musliyar" title="Kanthapuram A. P. Aboobacker Musliyar">Kanthapuram A. P. Aboobacker Musliyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumi" title="Rumi">Rumi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ta%27til" title="Ta'til">Mu'attila</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/al-Dscha%CA%BFd_ibn_Dirham" class="extiw" title="de:al-Dschaʿd ibn Dirham">Al-Ja'd ibn Dirham</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jabriyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Jabriyah">Mu'jbira</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jahm_bin_Safwan" title="Jahm bin Safwan">Abū Muḥrīz Jahm ibn Ṣafwān ar-Rāsibī as-Samarqāndī at-Tirmidhī</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jahmi" class="mw-redirect" title="Jahmi">Jahmīyya</a> <ul><li>Abū Abdirrahmān Bishr ibn Ghiyāth ibn Abī Karīma al-Marīsī al-Baghdādī</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tashbih" class="mw-redirect" title="Tashbih">Mu'jassimā</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muqatil_ibn_Sulayman" title="Muqatil ibn Sulayman">Abu’l-Hassan Muqātil ibn Sulaymān ibn Bashīr al-Azdī</a> al-<a href="/wiki/Balkh" title="Balkh">Balkh</a>ī (Muqātilīyya)</li> <li>Abū Muḥāmmad (Abū’l-Hākem) Heshām ibn Sālem al-Jawālikī al-<a href="/wiki/Juzjan" class="mw-redirect" title="Juzjan">Juzjan</a>ī al-<a href="/wiki/Kufa" title="Kufa">Kūf</a>ī <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthropomorphism" title="Anthropomorphism">Jawālikīyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rum_(endonym)" title="Rum (endonym)">Rum</a> <a href="/wiki/Abdal" title="Abdal">Abdals</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Karram" title="Ibn Karram">Ibn Karram</a> (<a href="/wiki/Karramiyya" title="Karramiyya">Karramiyya</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Murji%27ah" title="Murji'ah">Murji'ah</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Abū Marwān Gaylān ibn Mūslīm ad-<a href="/wiki/Dimashq" class="mw-redirect" title="Dimashq">Dimashq</a>ī an-<a href="/wiki/Nabati" title="Nabati">Nabati</a> al-Qībtī (<a href="/wiki/Murji%27ah" title="Murji'ah">Murjī</a>-<a href="/wiki/Qadariyah" title="Qadariyah">Qadariyah</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Mu%27tazila" class="mw-redirect" title="Mu'tazila">Mu'tazila</a> <br />(<a href="/wiki/Wasil_ibn_%27Ata%27" class="mw-redirect" title="Wasil ibn 'Ata'">Wasil ibn 'Ata'</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_al-Nazzam" title="Ibrahim al-Nazzam">Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm ibn Sayyār ibn Hāni’ an-Nazzām</a> (Nazzāmīyya)</li> <li>Abū Bakr Abdurrahmān ibn Kaysān al-Asāmm</li> <li>Abū Mūsā Isā ibn Subeyh (Sabīh) al-Murdār al-Bāsrī (Murdārīyya)</li> <li>Hīshām ibn Amr al-Fuwātī ash-Shaybānī (Hīshāmīyya)</li> <li>Abū Sahl Abbād ibn Sulaimān (Salmān) as-Sāymarī</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Jubba%27i" title="Al-Jubba'i">Abū Alī Muḥāmmad ibn Abdi’l-Wahhāb ibn Sallām al-Jubbā'ī</a> (Jubbāīyya)</li> <li>Abū’l-Hūsayn Abdūrrāhīm ibn Muḥāmmad ibn Uthmān al-Hayyāt (Hayyātīyya)</li> <li>Ja'far ibn Harb</li> <li>Ja'far ibn Mūbassīr</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Jahiz" title="Al-Jahiz">Abū Uthmān Amr ibn Bhār ibn Māhbūb al-Jāhiz al-Kinānī</a> (Jāhizīyya)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Jabbar_ibn_Ahmad" class="mw-redirect" title="Abd al-Jabbar ibn Ahmad">Al-Qadi 'Abd al-Jabbar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Husayn_al-Basri" title="Abu al-Husayn al-Basri">Abu al-Husayn al-Basri</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Zamakhshari" title="Al-Zamakhshari">Al-Zamakhshari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amr_ibn_Ubayd" title="Amr ibn Ubayd">Amr ibn Ubayd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Abi%27l-Hadid" title="Ibn Abi'l-Hadid">Ibn Abi'l-Hadid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahib_ibn_Abbad" title="Sahib ibn Abbad">Sahib ibn Abbad</a></li> <li>Abū Amr Ḍirār ibn Amr al-Gatafānī al-Kūfī (Ḍirārīyya)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neccariyye" class="extiw" title="tr:Neccariyye">Najjārīyya</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Abū ʿAbdillāh al-Husayn ibn Muḥāmmad ibn ʿAbdillāh an-Najjār ar-Rāzī <ul><li>Abū Amr (Abū Yahyā) Hāfs al-Fard</li> <li>Muḥāmmad ibn ʿĪsā (Burgūsīyya)</li> <li>Abū ʿAbdallāh Ibnū’z-Zā‘farānī (Zā‘farānīyya)</li> <li>Mustadrakīyya</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Salafi_movement" title="Salafi movement">Salafi Theologians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Taymiyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Taymiyyah">Ibn Taymiyyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibnul_Qayyim" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibnul Qayyim">Ibnul Qayyim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Abd_al-Wahhab" title="Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab">Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wahhabism" title="Wahhabism">Wahhabism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shawkani" title="Al-Shawkani">Al-Shawkani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashid_Rida" title="Rashid Rida">Rashid Rida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Baz" title="Ibn Baz">Ibn Baz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Uthaymin" title="Al-Uthaymin">Al-Uthaymin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muqbil_bin_Hadi_al-Wadi%27i" title="Muqbil bin Hadi al-Wadi'i">Muqbil bin Hadi al-Wadi'i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Albani" title="Al-Albani">Al-Albani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saleh_Al-Fawzan" title="Saleh Al-Fawzan">Saleh Al-Fawzan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabee_al-Madkhali" title="Rabee al-Madkhali">Rabee al-Madkhali</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madkhalism" title="Madkhalism">Madkhalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Nazeer_Husain" title="Syed Nazeer Husain">Syed Nazeer Husain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahl-i_Hadith" title="Ahl-i Hadith">Ahl-i Hadith</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddiq_Hasan_Khan" title="Siddiq Hasan Khan">Siddiq Hasan Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zubair_Ali_Zai" title="Zubair Ali Zai">Zubair Ali Zai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safar_Al-Hawali" class="mw-redirect" title="Safar Al-Hawali">Safar Al-Hawali</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sahwa_movement" title="Sahwa movement">Sahwa movement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salman_al-Ouda" title="Salman al-Ouda">Salman al-Ouda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salafi_Jihadism" class="mw-redirect" title="Salafi Jihadism">Salafi Jihadism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Umar_al-Hazimi" title="Ahmad ibn Umar al-Hazimi">Ahmad ibn Umar al-Hazimi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hazimism" title="Hazimism">Hazimism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasir_Qadhi" title="Yasir Qadhi">Yasir Qadhi</a> <ul><li>Post-Salafism</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Twelver_Shi%27ism" title="Twelver Shi'ism">Twelver Shi'ism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Imams" title="Twelve Imams">Twelve Imams</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ali" title="Ali">Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Ali" title="Hasan ibn Ali">Hasan ibn Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Husayn_ibn_Ali" title="Husayn ibn Ali">Husayn ibn Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Sajjad" title="Ali al-Sajjad">Ali al-Sajjad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Baqir" title="Muhammad al-Baqir">Muhammad al-Baqir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ja%27far_al-Sadiq" title="Ja'far al-Sadiq">Ja'far al-Sadiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musa_al-Kazim" title="Musa al-Kazim">Musa al-Kazim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Rida" title="Ali al-Rida">Ali al-Rida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Jawad" title="Muhammad al-Jawad">Muhammad al-Jawad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Hadi" title="Ali al-Hadi">Ali al-Hadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_al-Askari" title="Hasan al-Askari">Hasan al-Askari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Mahdi" title="Muhammad al-Mahdi">Muhammad al-Mahdi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shaykh_Al-Mufid" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid">Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharif_al-Murtaza" title="Sharif al-Murtaza">Sharif al-Murtaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaykh_Tusi" title="Shaykh Tusi">Shaykh Tusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasir_al-Din_al-Tusi" title="Nasir al-Din al-Tusi">Nasir al-Din al-Tusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allamah_Al-Hilli" class="mw-redirect" title="Allamah Al-Hilli">Allamah Al-Hilli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad-Baqer_Majlesi" title="Mohammad-Baqer Majlesi">Mohammad-Baqer Majlesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zurarah_ibn_A%27yan" title="Zurarah ibn A'yan">Zurarah ibn A'yan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hisham_ibn_Hakam" class="mw-redirect" title="Hisham ibn Hakam">Hisham ibn Hakam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agha_Zia_ol_Din_Araghi" title="Agha Zia ol Din Araghi">Agha Zia ol Din Araghi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ja%27far_Sobhani" title="Ja'far Sobhani">Ja'far Sobhani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Ruhollah Khomeini">Ruhollah Khomeini</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wilayat_al-faqih" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilayat al-faqih">Wilayat al-faqih</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Isma%27ilism" title="Isma'ilism">Isma'ili Shi'ism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qadi_al-Nu%27man" title="Al-Qadi al-Nu'man">Al-Qadi al-Nu'man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Yaqub_al-Sijistani" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Yaqub al-Sijistani">Abu Yaqub al-Sijistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamid_al-Din_al-Kirmani" title="Hamid al-Din al-Kirmani">Hamid al-Din al-Kirmani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27ayyad_fi%27l-Din_al-Shirazi" title="Al-Mu'ayyad fi'l-Din al-Shirazi">Al-Mu'ayyad fi'l-Din al-Shirazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Ibrahim_al-Naysaburi" title="Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Naysaburi">Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Naysaburi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu%27l-Fawaris_Ahmad_ibn_Ya%27qub" title="Abu'l-Fawaris Ahmad ibn Ya'qub">Abu'l-Fawaris Ahmad ibn Ya'qub</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tayyibi_Isma%27ilism" title="Tayyibi Isma'ilism">Tayyibi Ismā'īlī doctrine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhu%27ayb_ibn_Musa" title="Dhu'ayb ibn Musa">Dhu'ayb ibn Musa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_Ala_Dhikrihi%27s_Salam" class="mw-redirect" title="Hassan Ala Dhikrihi's Salam">Hassan Ala Dhikrihi's Salam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idris_Imad_al-Din" title="Idris Imad al-Din">Idris Imad al-Din</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Muhammad_ibn_al-Walid" title="Ali ibn Muhammad ibn al-Walid">Ali ibn Muhammad ibn al-Walid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Zaydism" title="Zaydism">Zaydi Shi'ism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu%27l-Jarud_al-Hamdani" title="Abu'l-Jarud al-Hamdani">Abu'l-Jarud al-Hamdani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Isa_ibn_Zayd" title="Ahmad ibn Isa ibn Zayd">Ahmad ibn Isa ibn Zayd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qasim_al-Rassi" title="Al-Qasim al-Rassi">Al-Qasim al-Rassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hadi_ila%27l-Haqq_Yahya" title="Al-Hadi ila'l-Haqq Yahya">Al-Hadi ila'l-Haqq Yahya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mansur_al-Qasim" title="Al-Mansur al-Qasim">Al-Mansur al-Qasim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sunni_books" title="List of Sunni books">Sunni books</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Asas_al-Taqdis" title="Asas al-Taqdis">Asas al-Taqdis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Baz_al-Ashhab" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Baz al-Ashhab">Al-Baz al-Ashhab</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Farq_bayn_al-Firaq" title="Al-Farq bayn al-Firaq">Al-Farq bayn al-Firaq</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Milal_wa_al-Nihal" title="Al-Milal wa al-Nihal">Al-Milal wa al-Nihal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Guide_to_Conclusive_Proofs_for_the_Principles_of_Belief" title="A Guide to Conclusive Proofs for the Principles of Belief">Al-Irshad</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Aqidah_al-Tahawiyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Aqidah al-Tahawiyyah">Al-Aqidah al-Tahawiyyah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Sawad_al-A%27zam" title="Al-Sawad al-A'zam">Al-Sawad al-A'zam</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kitab_al-Tawhid_(Al-Maturidi)" title="Kitab al-Tawhid (Al-Maturidi)">Kitab al-Tawhid</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tabsirat_al-Adilla" title="Tabsirat al-Adilla">Tabsirat al-Adilla</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Masnavi" title="Masnavi">Masnavi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fihi_Ma_Fihi" title="Fihi Ma Fihi">Fihi Ma Fihi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Divan-i_Shams-i_Tabrizi" title="Divan-i Shams-i Tabrizi">Divan-i Shams-i Tabrizi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Moderation_in_Belief" title="The Moderation in Belief">The Moderation in Belief</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Shia_books" title="List of Shia books">Shia books</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/E%CA%BFteq%C4%81d%C4%81tal-Em%C4%81m%C4%ABya" title="Eʿteqādātal-Emāmīya">Eʿteqādātal-Emāmīya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Amali_(of_Shaykh_Saduq)" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Amali (of Shaykh Saduq)">Al-Amali</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Khisal" title="Al-Khisal">Al-Khisal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Awail_Al_Maqalat" title="Awail Al Maqalat">Awail Al Maqalat</a></i></li> <li><i>Tashih al-I'tiqad</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tajrid_al-I%27tiqad" title="Tajrid al-I'tiqad">Tajrid al-I'tiqad</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;">Independent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_the_Brethren_of_Purity" title="Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity">Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kitab_al-Majmu" title="Kitab al-Majmu">Kitab al-Majmu</a> of <a href="/wiki/Alawis" class="mw-redirect" title="Alawis">Alawis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Malf%C5%ABz%C4%81t" title="Malfūzāt">Malfūzāt</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya">Ahmadiyya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Umm_al-kitab_(Shi%27i_book)" title="Umm al-kitab (Shi'i book)">Umm al-kitab</a> of <a href="/wiki/Musta%27li_Isma%27ilism" class="mw-redirect" title="Musta'li Isma'ilism">Musta'li Isma'ilism</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Islam_scholars_diagram" title="Template:Islam scholars diagram">Early Muslim scholars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_contemporary_Muslim_scholars_of_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="List of contemporary Muslim scholars of Islam">List of contemporary Muslim scholars of Islam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Islamic_schools_and_branches" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_schools_and_branches" title="Islamic schools and branches">Islamic schools and branches</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Hadith" title="Ahl al-Hadith">Ahl al-Hadith</a> <br />(<a href="/wiki/Atharism" title="Atharism">Atharism</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Kullabiyya <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Kullab" title="Ibn Kullab">Ibn Kullab</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanbali_school" title="Hanbali school">Hanbalis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Hanbal" title="Ahmad ibn Hanbal">Ahmad ibn Hanbal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qadi_Abu_Ya%27la" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Qadi Abu Ya'la">Al-Qadi Abu Ya'la</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khwaja_Abdullah_Ansari" class="mw-redirect" title="Khwaja Abdullah Ansari">Khwaja Abdullah Ansari</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zahiri_school" title="Zahiri school">Zahiris</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dawud_al-Zahiri" title="Dawud al-Zahiri">Dawud al-Zahiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salafi_movement" title="Salafi movement">Salafism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahl-i_Hadith" title="Ahl-i Hadith">Ahl-i Hadith</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Nazeer_Husain" title="Syed Nazeer Husain">Syed Nazeer Husain</a> / <a href="/wiki/Siddiq_Hasan_Khan" title="Siddiq Hasan Khan">Siddiq Hasan Khan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wahhabism" title="Wahhabism">Wahhabism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Abd_al-Wahhab" title="Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab">Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Baz" title="Ibn Baz">Ibn Baz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Uthaymin" title="Al-Uthaymin">Al-Uthaymin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Albani" title="Al-Albani">Al-Albani</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salafi_movement#Political_trends_within_Salafism" title="Salafi movement">Other Salafi trends</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salafi_jihadism" title="Salafi jihadism">Jihadism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madkhalism" title="Madkhalism">Madkhalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahwa_movement" title="Sahwa movement">Sahwa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salafi_Modernism" class="mw-redirect" title="Salafi Modernism">Salafi Modernism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_bin_Dawud_al-Zahiri" title="Muhammad bin Dawud al-Zahiri">Muhammad bin Dawud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maqrizi" class="mw-redirect" title="Maqrizi">Maqrizi</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ahl_ar-Ra%27y" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahl ar-Ra'y">Ahl ar-Ra'y</a> <br />(<a href="/wiki/Ilm_al-Kalam" class="mw-redirect" title="Ilm al-Kalam">Ilm al-Kalam</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ash%27arism" title="Ash'arism">Ash'arism</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Malikis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shafi%27i_school" title="Shafi'i school">Shafi'is</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_al-Harari" title="Abdullah al-Harari">Abdullah al-Harari</a> – <a href="/wiki/Al-Ahbash" title="Al-Ahbash">Al-Ahbash</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maturidism" title="Maturidism">Maturidism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hanafi_school" title="Hanafi school">Hanafis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fazl-e-Haq_Khairabadi" title="Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi">Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Raza_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmed Raza Khan">Ahmed Raza Khan</a> – <a href="/wiki/Barelvi" class="mw-redirect" title="Barelvi">Barelvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Qasim_Nanautavi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi">Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rashid_Ahmad_Gangohi" title="Rashid Ahmad Gangohi">Rashid Ahmad Gangohi</a> – <a href="/wiki/Deobandi" class="mw-redirect" title="Deobandi">Deobandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necmettin_Erbakan" title="Necmettin Erbakan">Necmettin Erbakan</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mill%C3%AE_G%C3%B6r%C3%BC%C5%9F" title="Millî Görüş">Millî Görüş</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia Islam</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Zaydism" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Zaydism" title="Zaydism">Zaydism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zayd_ibn_Ali" title="Zayd ibn Ali">Zayd ibn Ali</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jarudiyya" title="Jarudiyya">Jarudiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batriyya" title="Batriyya">Batriyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Zaydi_doctrine" title="Imamate in Zaydi doctrine">Imamate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alid_dynasties_of_northern_Iran" title="Alid dynasties of northern Iran">Alid dynasties of northern Iran</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_al-Utrush" title="Hasan al-Utrush">Hasan al-Utrush</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahya_ibn_Umar" title="Yahya ibn Umar">Yahya ibn Umar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imams_of_Yemen" title="Imams of Yemen">Imams of Yemen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extinct_Shia_sects#Zaydi_Shia_sects" title="List of extinct Shia sects">Extinct Zaydi Shi'a sects</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dukayniyya_Shia" title="Dukayniyya Shia">Dukayniyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalafiyya_Shia" title="Khalafiyya Shia">Khalafiyya</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Imamah_(Shi%27a_doctrine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Imamah (Shi'a doctrine)">Imami</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Mahdi" title="Mahdi">Mahdiist</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Shi%27ite" class="mw-redirect" title="Shi'ite">Shi'ite</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Sects_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Sects in Islam">Sects in</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Twelver_doctrine" title="Imamate in Twelver doctrine">Imami</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Twelver_Shi%27ism" title="Twelver Shi'ism">Twelver</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theology_of_Twelvers" class="mw-redirect" title="Theology of Twelvers">Theology of Twelvers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ja%27fari_school" title="Ja'fari school">Ja'fari</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akhbari" title="Akhbari">Akhbari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usulism" title="Usulism">Usuli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaykhism" title="Shaykhism">Shaykhism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qizilbash" title="Qizilbash">Qizilbash</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Haydar" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheikh Haydar">Sheikh Haydar</a> / <a href="/wiki/Shah_Ismail" class="mw-redirect" title="Shah Ismail">Shah Ismail</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pir_Sultan" class="mw-redirect" title="Pir Sultan">Pir Sultan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kul_Nes%C3%AEm%C3%AE" title="Kul Nesîmî">Kul Nesîmî</a> – <a href="/wiki/Safavid_conversion_of_Iran_to_Shia_Islam" title="Safavid conversion of Iran to Shia Islam">Safavid Islam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghulat" title="Ghulat">Ghulat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Kha%E1%B9%A3%C4%ABb%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Khaṣībī">al-Khaṣībī</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Nusayr" title="Ibn Nusayr">ibn Nusayr</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alawites" title="Alawites">Alawites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazlallah_Astarabadi" title="Fazlallah Astarabadi">Astarabadi (Naimi)</a> / <a href="/wiki/Imadaddin_Nasimi" title="Imadaddin Nasimi">Imadaddin Nasimi</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hurufism" title="Hurufism">Hurufism</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bektashism_and_folk_religion" title="Bektashism and folk religion">Bektashism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schools_of_Islamic_theology#Baktāshism_(Bektaşilik)" title="Schools of Islamic theology">Baktāshism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demir_Baba_Teke" title="Demir Baba Teke">Demir Bābā</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alians" title="Alians">Alians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baba_Rexheb" title="Baba Rexheb">Bābā Rexheb</a> – <a href="/wiki/Arabati_Baba_Te%E1%B8%B1e" title="Arabati Baba Teḱe">Hārābātīs</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Ismaili_doctrine" title="Imamate in Ismaili doctrine">Imami</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Isma%27ilism" title="Isma'ilism">Isma'ilism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fathite" class="mw-redirect" title="Fathite">Fathite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdallah_al-Aftah" title="Abdallah al-Aftah">Abdallah al-Aftah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batiniyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Batiniyyah">Batiniyyah</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hamdan_Qarmat" title="Hamdan Qarmat">Hamdan Qarmat</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sevener" title="Sevener">Sevener</a> <a href="/wiki/Qarmatians" title="Qarmatians">Qarmatians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamza_ibn_Ali" title="Hamza ibn Ali">Hamza</a> / <a href="/wiki/Baha_al-Din_al-Muqtana" title="Baha al-Din al-Muqtana">Baha al-Din al-Muqtana</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ad-Darazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ad-Darazi">ad-Darazi</a> – <a href="/wiki/Druze" title="Druze">Druzes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatimid_dynasty" title="Fatimid dynasty">Fatimids</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Musta%27li_Isma%27ilism" class="mw-redirect" title="Musta'li Isma'ilism">Musta'li</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tayyibi_Isma%27ilism" title="Tayyibi Isma'ilism">Tayyibi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alavi_Bohras" title="Alavi Bohras">Alavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawoodi_Bohra" title="Dawoodi Bohra">Dawoodi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulaymani_Bohra" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulaymani Bohra">Sulaymani</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafizi_Isma%27ilism" title="Hafizi Isma'ilism">Hafizi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasir_Khusraw_al-Qubadiani" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasir Khusraw al-Qubadiani">Nasir Khusraw al-Qubadiani</a> – <a href="/wiki/Badakhshan" title="Badakhshan">Badakhshan</a> <a href="/wiki/Pamiris#Religion" title="Pamiris">Alevism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Nizari_doctrine" title="Imamate in Nizari doctrine">Nizari</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hassan-i_Sabbah" class="mw-redirect" title="Hassan-i Sabbah">Hassan-i Sabbah</a> – <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Assassins" title="Order of Assassins">Assassins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aga_Khan" title="Aga Khan">Aga Khans</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nizaris" class="mw-redirect" title="Nizaris">Nizaris</a> / <a href="/wiki/Khojas" class="mw-redirect" title="Khojas">Khojas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pir_Sadardin" title="Pir Sadardin">Pir Sadardin</a> – <a href="/wiki/Satpanth" title="Satpanth">Satpanth</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Kaysanites_Shia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaysanites Shia">Kaysanites<br />Shia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mukhtar_al-Thaqafi" title="Mukhtar al-Thaqafi">Mukhtār</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Amra_Kaysan" title="Abu Amra Kaysan">Abū ʿAmra Kaysān</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_Allah_ibn_Muhammad_ibn_al-Hanafiyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah">Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hashimiyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Hashimiyya">Hashimiyya</a> <ul><li>Hārbīyya <ul><li>ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Hārb ibn al-Kindi</li> <li>Janāhiyya <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdallah_ibn_Mu%27awiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdallah ibn Mu'awiya">Abdallah ibn Mu'awiya</a></li> <li>Hārithīyya</li></ul></li> <li>Riyāhīyya</li></ul></li> <li>Sam‘ānīyya <ul><li>Bayān ibn Sam‘ān</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rawendis" title="Rawendis">Rawendis</a> <ul><li>Rezāmīyya <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Muslim" title="Abu Muslim">Abu Muslim</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunpadh" title="Sunpadh">Sunpadh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mu%E1%B8%A5ammirah" class="mw-redirect" title="Muḥammirah">Muḥammirah</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khurramites" title="Khurramites">Khurramites</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babak_Khorramdin" title="Babak Khorramdin">Babak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazyar" title="Mazyar">Mazyar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Muqanna" title="Al-Muqanna">al-Muqanna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishaq_al-Turk" title="Ishaq al-Turk">Ishaq al-Turk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khashabiyya_Shia" title="Khashabiyya Shia">Khashabiyya Shia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;">Other <a href="/wiki/Mahdiist" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahdiist">Mahdiists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/An-Nafs_Az-Zakiyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="An-Nafs Az-Zakiyyah">An-Nafs Az-Zakiyyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurufiyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurufiyya">Hurufiyya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Pasikhani" title="Mahmoud Pasikhani">Maḥmūd Pasīkhānī</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nuktawiyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuktawiyya">Nuktawiyya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shayki" class="mw-redirect" title="Shayki">Shayki</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuqta-yi_Ula" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuqta-yi Ula">Nuqta-yi Ula</a> – <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1bis#Antecedents" class="mw-redirect" title="Bábis">Bábīyya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawussite_Shia" title="Tawussite Shia">Tawussite Shia</a> <ul><li>ʿAjlan ibn Nawus</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waqifite_Shia" title="Waqifite Shia">Waqifite Shia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Muhakkima" title="Muhakkima">Muhakkima</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Siffin#Arbitration" title="Battle of Siffin">Arbitration</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Kharijites" title="Kharijites">Kharijites</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ajardi <ul><li>Abd al-Karīm ibn Adjrād</li> <li>Maymunīyyah</li> <li>Sa'labīyyah</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azariqa" title="Azariqa">Azariqa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nafi_ibn_al-Azraq" title="Nafi ibn al-Azraq">Nafi ibn al-Azraq al-Hānafī al-Handhalī</a></li></ul></li> <li>Bayhasīyyah <ul><li>Abu Bayhas al-Hāytham ibn Jābir</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Najdat" title="Najdat">Najdat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Najdah_ibn_%27Amir" class="mw-redirect" title="Najdah ibn 'Amir">Najdah ibn 'Amir al-Hānafī</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufri" title="Sufri">Sufri</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Qurra" title="Abu Qurra">Abu Qurra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Yazid" title="Abu Yazid">Abū Yazīd Mukhallad ibn Kayrād</a> al-<a href="/wiki/Nukkari" title="Nukkari">Nukkari</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ibadi_Islam" title="Ibadi Islam">Ibadism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdallah_ibn_Ibad" title="Abdallah ibn Ibad">'Abdullāh ibn Ibāḍ al-Tamimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C4%81bir_ibn_Zayd" class="mw-redirect" title="Jābir ibn Zayd">Jābir ibn Zayd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakkariyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Nakkariyyah">Abu Qudama Yazid ibn Fandin</a> al-<a href="/wiki/Banu_Ifran" title="Banu Ifran">Ifrani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_Allah_ibn_Wahb_al-Rasibi" title="Abd Allah ibn Wahb al-Rasibi">Abd Allah ibn Wahb al-Rasibi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibadi#Wahbi_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibadi">Wahbiyyah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azzabas" title="Azzabas">Azzabas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Murji%27ah" title="Murji'ah">Murji'ah</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Muhammad_ibn_al-Hanafiyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Hasan ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah">Hasan ibn<br />Muḥāmmad</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_al-Hanafiyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah">ibn al-<br />Hanafiyyah</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Karramiyya" title="Karramiyya">Karrāmīyya</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Abū ʿAbdillāh Muḥāmmad ibn Karrām ibn Arrāk ibn Huzāba ibn al-Barā’ as-Sijjī <ul><li>ʿĀbidīyya (ʿUthmān al-ʿĀbid)</li> <li>Dhīmmīyya</li> <li>Hakāiqīyya</li> <li>Haisamīyya (Abū ʿAbdallāh Muhammad ibn al-Haisam)</li> <li>Hīdīyya (Hīd ibn Saif)</li> <li>Ishāqīyya (Abū Yaʿqūb Ishāq ibn Mahmashādh)</li> <li>Maʿīyya</li> <li>Muhājirīyya (Ibrāhīm ibn Muhājir)</li> <li>Nūnīyya</li> <li>Razīnīyya</li> <li>Sauwāqīyya</li> <li>Sūramīyya</li> <li>Tarā'ifīyya (Ahmad ibn ʿAbdūs at-Tarā'ifī)</li> <li>Tūnīyya (Abū Bakr ibn ʿAbdallāh)</li> <li>Wāhidīyya</li> <li>Zarībīyya</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;">Other sects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Gaylānīyya <ul><li>Gaylān ibn Marwān</li></ul></li> <li>Yūnusīyya <ul><li>Yūnus ibn Awn an-Namīrī</li></ul></li> <li>Gassānīyya <ul><li>Gassān al-Kūfī</li></ul></li> <li>Tūmanīyya <ul><li>Abū Muāz at-Tūmanī</li></ul></li> <li>Sawbānīyya <ul><li>Abū Sawbān al-Murjī</li></ul></li> <li>Sālehīyya <ul><li>Sāleh ibn Umar</li></ul></li> <li>Shamrīyya <ul><li>Abū Shamr</li></ul></li> <li>Ubaydīyya <ul><li>Ubayd al-Mūktaib</li></ul></li> <li>Ziyādīyya <ul><li>Muhammad ibn Ziyād al-Kūfī</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;">Other Murjīs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Harith_ibn_Surayj" title="Al-Harith ibn Surayj">Al-Harith ibn Surayj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%27id_ibn_Jubayr" title="Sa'id ibn Jubayr">Sa'id ibn Jubayr</a></li> <li>Hammād ibn Abū Sūlaimān</li> <li>Muhārīb ibn Dithār</li> <li>Sābit Kutna</li> <li>Awn ibn Abdullāh</li> <li>Mūsā ibn Abū Kasīr</li> <li>Umar ibn Zar</li> <li>Salm ibn Sālem</li> <li>Hālaf ibn Ayyūb</li> <li>Ibrāhim ibn Yousūf</li> <li>Nusayr ibn Yahyā</li> <li>Ahmad ibn Hārb</li> <li>Amr ibn Murrah</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Schools_of_Islamic_theology#Tashbih" title="Schools of Islamic theology">Mu'shabbiha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Euhemerism" title="Euhemerism">Tamsīl</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Jawārībīyya <ul><li>Dāwūd al-Jawāribî</li></ul></li> <li>Hāshwīyya</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tashbih" class="mw-redirect" title="Tashbih">Hulmānīyya</a> <ul><li>Abū Hulmān al-<a href="/wiki/Fars_province" title="Fars province">Fāris</a>ī ad-<a href="/wiki/Dimashq" class="mw-redirect" title="Dimashq">Dimashq</a>ī</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalandars" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalandars">Kalandars</a></li> <li><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barak_Baba" class="extiw" title="tr:Barak Baba">Bārāq Bābā</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Schools_of_Islamic_theology#Anthropopathy_in_the_history_of_Ghulāt_Shīʿīsm" title="Schools of Islamic theology">Tajsīm</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khattabiyya" title="Khattabiyya">Khaṭṭābiyya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Khattab" title="Abu al-Khattab">Abu al-Khattab</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazighiyya_Shia" title="Bazighiyya Shia">Bāzīghiyya</a> <ul><li>Bāzīgh ibn Mūsā</li></ul></li> <li>Muʿāmmarīyya <ul><li>Muʿāmmar ibn Ahmar</li></ul></li> <li>ʿIjlīyya/Umayrīyya <ul><li>Umayr ibn Bayān al-ʿIjlī</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mufaddaliyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Mufaddaliyya">Mufaḍḍaliyya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mufaddal_ibn_Umar_al-Ju%27fi" title="Al-Mufaddal ibn Umar al-Ju'fi">al-Mufaddal ibn Umar al-Ju'fi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghurabiya" title="Ghurabiya">Ghurābīyya</a></li> <li>Mānsūrīyya <ul><li>Abū Mānsūr al-ʿIjlī</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extinct_Shia_sects#Ghulat_sects" title="List of extinct Shia sects">Mughīrīyya</a> <ul><li>Abū Abdillāh Mugīre ibn Sāīd al-ʿIjlī el-Bajalī</li></ul></li> <li>Mukhāmmīsa</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namiriya" class="mw-redirect" title="Namiriya">Namiriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhammiyya_Shia" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhammiyya Shia">‘Ulyanīyya/'Alyaīyya</a></li> <li>Saba'īyya <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_ibn_Saba%27" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdullah ibn Saba'">Abdullah ibn Saba'</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Qadariyah" title="Qadariyah">Qadariyah</a> <br />(<a href="/wiki/Ma%27bad_al-Juhani" title="Ma'bad al-Juhani">Ma'bad<br />al-Juhani</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Alevism" title="Alevism">Alevism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qutb_ad-D%C4%ABn_Haydar" title="Qutb ad-Dīn Haydar">Qutb ad-Dīn Haydar</a> – <a href="/wiki/Malamatiyya" title="Malamatiyya">Malamatiyya</a> / <a href="/wiki/Qalandariyya" title="Qalandariyya">Qalandariyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baba_Ishak" title="Baba Ishak">Baba Ishak</a> – <a href="/wiki/Babai_revolt" title="Babai revolt">Babai revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bal%C4%B1m_Sultan" title="Balım Sultan">Balım Sultan</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bektashi_Order" class="mw-redirect" title="Bektashi Order">Bektashi Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galip_Hassan_Kuscuoglu" title="Galip Hassan Kuscuoglu">Galip Hassan Kuscuoglu</a> – <a href="/wiki/Galibi_Order" title="Galibi Order">Galibi Order</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Mu%CA%BFtazila" class="mw-redirect" title="Muʿtazila">Muʿtazila</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Rationalism" title="Rationalism">Rationalism</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Mā’marīyya <ul><li>Abū Amr (Abū Mu‘tamīr) Muāmmar ibn Abbād as-Sūlamī</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishriyya" title="Bishriyya">Bishriyya</a> <ul><li>Abū Sahl Bīshr ibn al-Mu‘tamīr al-Hilālī al-Baghdādī</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Abi_Du%27ad" title="Ahmad ibn Abi Du'ad">Abū Abdi’l-Lāh Ahmad ibn Abī Du'ad Faraj ibn Carīr ibn Mâlik al-Iyādī</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahshamiyya" title="Bahshamiyya">Bahshamiyya</a> <ul><li>Abū Hāshīm Abdu’s-Salām ibn Muḥāmmad ibn Abdi’l-Wahhāb al-Jubbā'ī</li></ul></li> <li>Huzaylīyya <ul><li>Abū’l-Huzayl Muḥāmmad ibn al-Huzayl ibn Abdillāh al-Allāf al-Abdī al-Bāsrī <ul><li>Abū Ma‘n Sūmāma ibn Ashras an-Nūmayrī al-Bāsrī al-Baghdādī</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Ikhshīdiyya</li> <li>Nazzāmīyya <ul><li>Ali al-Aswarī</li> <li>Abū Bakr Muḥāmmad ibn Abdillāh ibn Shabīb al-Basrī</li> <li>Hābītīyya <ul><li>Ahmad ibn Hābīt</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Sumamīyya <ul><li>Sumāma ibn Ashras</li></ul></li> <li>Kā‘bīyya <ul><li>Abū’l-Kāsīm Abdullāh ibn Ahmad ibn Māhmūd al-Balhī al-Kā‘bī</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Quranism" title="Quranism">Quranism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quranism" title="Quranism">Ahle Qur'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kala_Kato" title="Kala Kato">Kala Kato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolu-e-Islam_(organization)" title="Tolu-e-Islam (organization)">Tolu-e-Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Iqbal" title="Muhammad Iqbal">Muhammad Iqbal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghulam_Ahmed_Pervez" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghulam Ahmed Pervez">Ghulam Ahmed Pervez</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Submitters_International" class="mw-redirect" title="United Submitters International">United Submitters International</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rashad_Khalifa" title="Rashad Khalifa">Rashad Khalifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edip_Y%C3%BCksel" title="Edip Yüksel">Edip Yüksel</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independent<br /><a href="/wiki/Muslim_beliefs" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim beliefs">Muslim<br />beliefs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Messianism#Islam" title="Messianism">Messianism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya">Ahmadiyya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Ghulam_Ahmad_bibliography" title="Mirza Ghulam Ahmad bibliography">Mirza Ghulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qadiani" title="Qadiani">Qadiani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Ahmadiyya_Movement_for_the_Propagation_of_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement for the Propagation of Islam">Lahori</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabbalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Kabbalist">Kabbalist</a> <a href="/wiki/D%C3%B6nmes" class="mw-redirect" title="Dönmes">Dönmes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sabbatai_Zevi" title="Sabbatai Zevi">Sabbatai Zevi</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sabbatean" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabbatean">Sabbatean</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahdavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahdavia">Mahdavīyya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Jaunpuri" title="Muhammad Jaunpuri">Muhammad Jaunpuri</a> / <a href="/wiki/Syed_Khundmir" title="Syed Khundmir">Bandagi Mian Syed Khundmir</a> – <a href="/wiki/Zikris" class="mw-redirect" title="Zikris">Zikris</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation_of_Islam" title="Nation of Islam">Nation of Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wallace_Fard_Muhammad" title="Wallace Fard Muhammad">Wallace Fard Muhammad</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Beliefs_and_theology_of_the_Nation_of_Islam" title="Beliefs and theology of the Nation of Islam">doctrine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nur_movement" title="Nur movement">Nur movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Said_Nurs%C3%AE" title="Said Nursî">Said Nursî</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fethullah_G%C3%BClen" title="Fethullah Gülen">Fethullah Gülen</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hizmet" class="mw-redirect" title="Hizmet">Hizmet</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Modernism" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic Modernism">Modernism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modernist_Salafism" class="mw-redirect" title="Modernist Salafism">Modernist Salafism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Abduh" title="Muhammad Abduh">Muhammad Abduh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Asad" title="Muhammad Asad">Muhammad Asad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamal_ad-Din_al-Afghani" class="mw-redirect" title="Jamal ad-Din al-Afghani">Jamal ad-Din al-Afghani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashid_Rida" title="Rashid Rida">Rashid Rida</a></li> <li>Other <a href="/wiki/Islamic_modernist" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic modernist">Islamic modernists</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ta%E1%B9%A3awwuf" class="mw-redirect" title="Taṣawwuf">Taṣawwuf</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tariqah" class="mw-redirect" title="Tariqah">Tariqah</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Raza_Khan_Barelvi" title="Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi">Ahmed Raza Khan</a> – <a href="/wiki/Barelvi" class="mw-redirect" title="Barelvi">Barelvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_Hilmi_Tunahan" title="Süleyman Hilmi Tunahan">Hilmi Tunahan</a> – <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCleymanc%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Süleymancı">Süleymancı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Rifa%27i" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmad al-Rifa'i">Ahmad al-Rifa'i</a> – <a href="/wiki/Rifa%60i" class="mw-redirect" title="Rifa`i">Rifa`i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sufi_orders" title="List of Sufi orders">Other orders</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawassul" title="Tawassul">Tawassul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Muslim_beliefs" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim beliefs">Other beliefs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sadaqah" title="Sadaqah">Sadaqah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunnah" title="Sunnah">Sunnah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taqwa" title="Taqwa">Taqwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawakkul" title="Tawakkul">Tawakkul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tewafuq" title="Tewafuq">Tewafuq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thawab" title="Thawab">Thawab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Other scholars of <a href="/wiki/Sunni_schools_of_jurisprudence" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni schools of jurisprudence">Sunni schools of jurisprudence</a>:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Hanafi_scholars" title="Template:Hanafi scholars">Hanafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Hanbali_scholars" title="Template:Hanbali scholars">Hanbali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Maliki_scholars" title="Template:Maliki scholars">Maliki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Shafi%27i_scholars" title="Template:Shafi'i scholars">Shafi'i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Zahiri_scholars" title="Template:Zahiri scholars">Zahiri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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href="https://viaf.org/viaf/249711552">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1390060/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4168715-2">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85080157">United States</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2012062306">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11954227f">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external 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