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href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbalest" title="Arbalest – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Arbalest" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbalesta" title="Arbalesta – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Arbalesta" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbalesta" title="Arbalesta – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Arbalesta" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbalesta" title="Arbalesta – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Arbalesta" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbalest" title="Arbalest – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Arbalest" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbalet" title="Arbalet – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Arbalet" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Form of medieval crossbow</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the medieval European crossbow. For a crossbowman, see <a href="/wiki/Arbalist_(crossbowman)" title="Arbalist (crossbowman)">Arbalist (crossbowman)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Arbalest" title="Special:EditPage/Arbalest">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Arbalest%22">"Arbalest"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Arbalest%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Arbalest%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Arbalest%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Arbalest%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Arbalest%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/arbalest" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:arbalest"> arbalest</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arbalest_(PSF).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Arbalest_%28PSF%29.png/220px-Arbalest_%28PSF%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="401" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Arbalest_%28PSF%29.png/330px-Arbalest_%28PSF%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Arbalest_%28PSF%29.png/440px-Arbalest_%28PSF%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1805" data-file-height="3293" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Crossbowman" class="mw-redirect" title="Crossbowman">Crossbowman</a> cocking an arbalest using a <a href="/wiki/Cranequin" class="mw-redirect" title="Cranequin">cranequin</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>arbalest</b> (also <b>arblast</b>), a variation of the <a href="/wiki/Crossbow" title="Crossbow">crossbow</a>, came into use in Europe around the 12th century.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The arbalest was a large weapon with a steel prod, or bow assembly. Since the arbalest was much larger than earlier crossbows, and because of the greater <a href="/wiki/Tensile_strength" class="mw-redirect" title="Tensile strength">tensile strength</a> of steel, it had a greater force. The greater <a href="/wiki/Draw_weight" class="mw-redirect" title="Draw weight">draw weight</a> was offset by a shorter draw length, which limited the total potential energy that could be transferred into the <a href="/wiki/Crossbow_bolt" title="Crossbow bolt">crossbow bolt</a>. A skilled arbalestier (arbalester) could loose two bolts per minute.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nomenclature">Nomenclature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbalest&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Nomenclature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term "arbalest" is sometimes used interchangeably with "crossbow". <i>Arbalest</i> is a <a href="/wiki/Old_French" title="Old French">Medieval French</a> word originating from the Roman name <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">arcuballista</i></span></i> (from <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">arcus</i></span></i> 'bow' + <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Ballista" title="Ballista">ballista</a></i></span></i> 'missile-throwing engine'),<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was then used for crossbows, although originally used for types of <a href="/wiki/Artillery" title="Artillery">artillery</a>. <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">Modern French</a> uses the word <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">arbalète</i></span></i>, which is linguistically one step further from the stem (disappearance of the <i>s</i> phoneme in the last syllable, before the <i>t</i>).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The word<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (October 2021)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> applies to both crossbow and arbalest (the latter may be referred to as a <i>heavy crossbow</i>, but an actual heavy crossbow may not be the same as an arbalest). In some cases, the word has been used to refer to <a href="/wiki/Arbalist_(crossbowman)" title="Arbalist (crossbowman)">arbalists</a>, the people who actually used the weapon.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbalest&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRamsey2016" class="citation book cs1">Ramsey, Syed (September 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=33HOEAAAQBAJ&dq=prod+arbalest&pg=PT315"><i>Tools of War: History of Weapons in Ancient Times</i></a>. Vij Books India Pvt. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-93-86834-12-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-93-86834-12-6"><bdi>978-93-86834-12-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tools+of+War%3A+History+of+Weapons+in+Ancient+Times&rft.pub=Vij+Books+India+Pvt&rft.date=2016-09&rft.isbn=978-93-86834-12-6&rft.aulast=Ramsey&rft.aufirst=Syed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D33HOEAAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dprod%2Barbalest%26pg%3DPT315&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArbalest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MMoL_SBD6gw">"Heavy Medieval 1250lbs Windlass Crossbow - TESTED in Slo-Mo"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=Heavy+Medieval+1250lbs+Windlass+Crossbow+-+TESTED+in+Slo-Mo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DMMoL_SBD6gw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArbalest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReference-OED-arbalest" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/search/dictionary/?q=arbalest">"arbalest"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i> (Online ed.). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=arbalest&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.edition=Online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fsearch%2Fdictionary%2F%3Fq%3Darbalest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArbalest" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/public/login/loggingin#withyourlibrary">participating institution membership</a> required.)</span> (arbalist, arblast)</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbalest&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTanner1990" class="citation book cs1">Tanner, Norman P. (1990). <i>Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils</i>. Vol. 1. London / Washington, D.C.: Sheed & Ward. Georgetown University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87840-490-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-87840-490-2"><bdi>0-87840-490-2</bdi></a>. <q>Nicaea 1 to Lateran V</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Decrees+of+the+Ecumenical+Councils&rft.place=London+%2F+Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=Sheed+%26+Ward.+Georgetown+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-87840-490-2&rft.aulast=Tanner&rft.aufirst=Norman+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArbalest" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBellamy2006" class="citation book cs1">Bellamy, Alex J. (2006). <i>Just Wars: From Cicero to Iraq</i>. Wiley. p. 32. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7456-3282-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7456-3282-3"><bdi>0-7456-3282-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Just+Wars%3A+From+Cicero+to+Iraq&rft.pages=32&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-7456-3282-3&rft.aulast=Bellamy&rft.aufirst=Alex+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArbalest" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Archery" title="Template:Archery"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Archery" title="Template talk:Archery"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Archery" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Archery"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Archery" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Archery" title="Archery">Archery</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_archery" title="History of archery">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_archery" title="Chinese archery">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%ABd%C5%8D" title="Kyūdō">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_archery" title="Turkish archery">Turkish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_crossbows" title="History of crossbows">History of crossbows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_competitive_archery" title="Modern competitive archery">Modern competitive archery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Archery_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="World Archery Federation">World Archery Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Archery_Rankings" title="World Archery Rankings">World Archery Rankings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archer%27s_paradox" title="Archer's paradox">Archer's paradox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mounted_archery" title="Mounted archery">Mounted archery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballista_elephant" title="Ballista elephant">Ballista elephant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yabusame" title="Yabusame">Yabusame</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Run_archery" title="Run archery">Run archery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bow_and_arrow" title="Bow and arrow">Bows</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yumi" title="Yumi">yumi</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Bow_shape" title="Bow shape">Bow shape</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Arbalest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austroasiatic_crossbow" title="Austroasiatic crossbow">Austroasiatic crossbow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable-backed_bow" title="Cable-backed bow">Cable-backed bow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Composite_bow" title="Composite bow">Composite bow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compound_bow" title="Compound bow">Compound bow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossbow" title="Crossbow">Crossbow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_longbow" title="English longbow">English longbow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flatbow" title="Flatbow">Flatbow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gakgung" title="Gakgung">Gakgung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holmegaard_bow" title="Holmegaard bow">Holmegaard bow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laminated_bow" title="Laminated bow">Laminated bow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longbow" title="Longbow">Longbow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_bow" title="Mongol bow">Mongol bow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recurve_bow" title="Recurve bow">Recurve bow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self_bow" title="Self bow">Self bow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takedown_bow" title="Takedown bow">Takedown bow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_bow" title="Welsh bow">Welsh bow</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrow" title="Arrow">Arrow</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ya_(arrow)" title="Ya (arrow)">Ya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrowhead" title="Arrowhead">Arrowhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowstring" title="Bowstring">Bowstring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bracer" title="Bracer">Bracer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrow_cresting" title="Arrow cresting">Cresting machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finger_tab" title="Finger tab">Finger tab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fletching" title="Fletching">Fletching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flu-flu_arrow" title="Flu-flu arrow">Flu-flu arrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Release_aid" title="Release aid">Release aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossbow_bolt" title="Crossbow bolt">Quarrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiver" title="Quiver">Quiver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_target#Archery_sports" title="Shooting target">Target</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thumb_ring" title="Thumb ring">Thumb ring</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Activities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bowfishing" title="Bowfishing">Bowfishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowhunting" title="Bowhunting">Bowhunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowyer" title="Bowyer">Bowyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clout_archery" title="Clout archery">Clout archery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_archery" title="Field archery">Field archery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popinjay_(sport)" title="Popinjay (sport)">Popinjay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Target_archery" title="Target archery">Target archery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Competitions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archery_at_the_Summer_Olympics" title="Archery at the Summer Olympics">Olympics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archery_at_the_Youth_Olympic_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="Archery at the Youth Olympic Games">Youth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Archery_Championships" title="World Archery Championships">World Championships</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Archery_Youth_Championships" title="World Archery Youth Championships">Youth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archery_World_Cup" title="Archery World Cup">World Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archery_at_the_Summer_Paralympics" title="Archery at the Summer Paralympics">Paralympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archery_at_the_Summer_Universiade" class="mw-redirect" title="Archery at the Summer Universiade">Universiade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_University_Archery_Championships" title="World University Archery Championships">World University Archery Championships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archery_at_the_Military_World_Games" title="Archery at the Military World Games">Military World Games</a></li> <li>Continental <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Archery_Championships" title="African Archery Championships">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_American_Archery_Championships" title="Pan American Archery Championships">Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Archery_Championships" title="Asian Archery Championships">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Archery_Championships" title="European Archery Championships">Europe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naadam#Archery" title="Naadam">Naadam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Archery" title="Category:Archery">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_archery_terms" title="Glossary of archery terms">Glossary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ancient_mechanical_artillery_and_hand-held_missile_weapons" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link 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id="Ancient_mechanical_artillery_and_hand-held_missile_weapons" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Ancient mechanical artillery and hand-held missile weapons</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Generic terms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_and_Roman_artillery" title="Greek and Roman artillery">Greek and Roman artillery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torsion_siege_engine" title="Torsion siege engine">Torsion siege engine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Crew-served arrow-throwers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballista" title="Ballista">Ballista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carroballista" title="Carroballista">Carroballista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catapulta" title="Catapulta">Catapulta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxybeles" title="Oxybeles">Oxybeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyumi" class="mw-redirect" title="Oyumi">Oyumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polybolos" title="Polybolos">Polybolos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scorpio_(weapon)" title="Scorpio (weapon)">Scorpio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Crew-served stone-throwers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catapult" title="Catapult">Catapult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithobolos" title="Lithobolos">Lithobolos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangonel" title="Mangonel">Mangonel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onager_(weapon)" title="Onager (weapon)">Onager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trebuchet" title="Trebuchet">Trebuchet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Hand-held weapons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bow_and_arrow" title="Bow and arrow">Bow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheiroballistra" title="Cheiroballistra">Cheiroballistra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossbow" title="Crossbow">Crossbow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastraphetes" title="Gastraphetes">Gastraphetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javelin" title="Javelin">Javelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kestros_(weapon)" title="Kestros (weapon)">Kestros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesangylon" title="Mesangylon">Mesangylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repeating_crossbow" title="Repeating crossbow">Repeating crossbow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sling_(weapon)" title="Sling (weapon)">Sling</a></li> 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Crew-served artillery</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catapult" title="Catapult">Catapult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangonel" title="Mangonel">Mangonel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Torsion_mangonel_myth" title="Torsion mangonel myth">Torsion myth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyumi" class="mw-redirect" title="Oyumi">Oyumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springald" title="Springald">Springald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trebuchet" title="Trebuchet">Trebuchet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Hand-held weapons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a 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