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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American nutrition researcher (born 1959)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Christopher D. Gardner</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Christopher_Gardner_Stanford_October_2024_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Christopher_Gardner_Stanford_October_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg/230px-Christopher_Gardner_Stanford_October_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="307" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Christopher_Gardner_Stanford_October_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg/345px-Christopher_Gardner_Stanford_October_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Christopher_Gardner_Stanford_October_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg/460px-Christopher_Gardner_Stanford_October_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1959-07-13</span>) </span>July 13, 1959<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 65)</span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Melissa_R._Michelson" title="Melissa R. Michelson">Melissa R. Michelson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">4</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Academic background</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data">B.A., Philosophy, 1981, <a href="/wiki/Colgate_University" title="Colgate University">Colgate University</a> <br /> MA, PhD, Nutrition Science, 1993, <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Thesis" title="Thesis">Thesis</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Acculturation and cardiovascular disease risk factors in immigrant hispanic men</i> (1993)</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Academic work</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://med.stanford.edu/nutrition.html">https://med.stanford.edu/nutrition.html</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Christopher David Gardner</b> (born July 13, 1959) is an American nutrition researcher. He is the director of nutrition studies at the Stanford Prevention Research Center and the Rehnborg Farquhar Professor of Medicine at <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a>. </p><p>Gardner is involved with the <a href="/wiki/American_Diabetes_Association" title="American Diabetes Association">American Diabetes Association</a> (ADA) and the <a href="/wiki/American_Heart_Association" title="American Heart Association">American Heart Association</a> (AHA). In 2019, he was co-author of updated nutrition guidelines for the ADA. He served as a member of the AHA's Nutrition Committee from 2009 to 2013, and in 2020 he was appointed as a member of the AHA Lifestyle & Metabolic Health Council, and to a leadership position in the AHA Nutrition Committee (2020-2026). He appeared in the 2024 Netflix documentary <i><a href="/wiki/You_Are_What_You_Eat:_A_Twin_Experiment" title="You Are What You Eat: A Twin Experiment">You Are What You Eat: A Twin Experiment</a>,</i> about his Stanford University twins study. Gardner is an advocate and researcher of <a href="/wiki/Plant-based_diet" title="Plant-based diet">plant-based dietary patterns</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Stanford_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stanford-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_D._Gardner&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gardner was born on July 13, 1959, in Washington, D.C.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After earning his <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">Bachelor of Arts</a> degree in philosophy from <a href="/wiki/Colgate_University" title="Colgate University">Colgate University</a>, he spent two years completing undergraduate science courses at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Davis" title="University of California, Davis">University of California, Davis</a> and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a> to qualify for a <a href="/wiki/Master%27s_degree" title="Master's degree">master's degree</a> program in nutrition. Upon becoming eligible, he was accepted into the PhD program of Nutrition Science at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Doctor_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Doctor-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_D._Gardner&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Upon completing a postdoctoral fellowship at <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a>, Gardner accepted a position at the institution.<sup id="cite_ref-Doctor_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Doctor-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As an assistant research professor of medicine, Gardner collaborated with John W. Farquhar to study the effectiveness of ginkgo biloba supplements to treat peripheral artery disease.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following year, he received a grant from the <a href="/wiki/National_Institutes_of_Health" title="National Institutes of Health">National Institutes of Health</a> to study whether fresh garlic and garlic supplements lower cholesterol.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As an <a href="/wiki/Assistant_professor" title="Assistant professor">assistant professor</a> of medicine at the Stanford Prevention Research Center, Gardner led the first independent, long-term, head-to-head assessment of raw garlic and garlic supplements.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also oversaw the largest and longest-ever comparison of Atkins, Zone, LEARN or Ornish diets to see which led to the greatest weight loss and changes in cardiometabolic risk factors.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A follow-up to this study was the DIETFITS trial that compared a Healthy Low-Fat to a Healthy Low-Carbohydrate study with over 600 women and men. This landmark study tested whether there is a predisposition to success on one diet or the other based on either a potential genetic pattern or a metabolic condition known as insulin resistance.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gardner teaches a basic Human Nutrition class (HumBio 130), a Food and Society class (HumBio 166), and a Healthy and Sustainable Food Systems class (HumBio 113S) at Stanford.<sup id="cite_ref-bio_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 2010 and 2015, he convened a series of annual Stanford Food Summits that involved faculty, students and researchers from across Stanford's seven schools.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These interests led him to be invited to join the Scientific Advisory Board of the Menus of Change, a collaboration between <a href="/wiki/The_Culinary_Institute_of_America" title="The Culinary Institute of America">The Culinary Institute of America</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harvard_T.H._Chan_School_of_Public_Health" title="Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health">Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health</a>'s Nutrition Department.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is also the co-founder of a spin-off of this group, the Menus of Change University Research Collaborative, a group of colleges and universities using campus dining halls as living laboratories to explore opportunities to make changes in eating patterns at those institutions.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These activities have led to research studies and publications. In 2019, Gardner collaborated with a research team that included a food business consultant, an environmental scientist and a botanist to publish a review of protein requirements, current intakes, and potential beneficial impacts on the environment that would be realized in the US if protein intakes were lowered and shifted toward a more plant-based diet.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gardner is involved with the <a href="/wiki/American_Diabetes_Association" title="American Diabetes Association">American Diabetes Association</a> (ADA) and the <a href="/wiki/American_Heart_Association" title="American Heart Association">American Heart Association</a> (AHA). In 2019, he was an invited co-author of updated nutrition guidelines for the ADA. He served as a member of the AHA's Nutrition Committee from 2009 to 2013, and in 2020 he was appointed as a member of the AHA Lifestyle & Metabolic Health Council, and to a leadership position in the AHA Nutrition Committee.<sup id="cite_ref-bio_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gardner was appointed the Rehnborg Farquhar Professor of Medicine at Stanford which supports research in disease prevention in June 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, Gardner found that replacing red meat with plant-based meat alternatives could lower some cardiovascular risk factors.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also grew his interests in microbiome by collaborating with Stanford microbiologists, Justin Sonnenburg and Erica Sonnenburg, on several studies and with other microbiome researchers.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2023, Gardner co-authored a scientific statement from the American Heart Association on popular dietary patterns and alignment with their 2021 dietary guidance. The <a href="/wiki/DASH_diet" title="DASH diet">DASH diet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_diet" title="Mediterranean diet">Mediterranean diet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pescetarianism" title="Pescetarianism">pescetarian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism" title="Vegetarianism">vegetarian</a> eating patterns received top ratings for aligning with the Association’s dietary guidance whilst <a href="/wiki/Low-carbohydrate_diet" title="Low-carbohydrate diet">low-carbohydrate diet</a>'s scored poorly as they do not rank as heart-healthy eating patterns.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2023, Gardner published research on cardiometabolic risk factors in pairs of identical <a href="/wiki/Twin_study" title="Twin study">twins</a> randomized to follow either a vegan or omnivorous diet.<sup id="cite_ref-Stanford_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stanford-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The study found that a vegan diet was associated with statistically significant reductions in <a href="/wiki/Low-density_lipoprotein" title="Low-density lipoprotein">LDL cholesterol</a> and fasting insulin levels.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This study is the subject of the 2024 Netflix documentary <i><a href="/wiki/You_Are_What_You_Eat:_A_Twin_Experiment" title="You Are What You Eat: A Twin Experiment">You Are What You Eat: A Twin Experiment</a>.</i><sup id="cite_ref-cnn_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnn-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_D._Gardner&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gardner and his wife <a href="/wiki/Melissa_R._Michelson" title="Melissa R. Michelson">Melissa</a>, a political scientist, have four sons together and all follow a plant-based diet.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of Gardner’s sons, Jackson Gardner, completed his PhD at University of California, San Francisco, specializing in the microbiology of the gut microbiome.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://bms.ucsf.edu/events/alyssa-indart-and-jackson-gardner">[1]</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_publications">Selected publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_D._Gardner&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Selected publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGardnerVadivelooPetersenAnderson2023" class="citation journal cs1">Gardner CD, Vadiveloo MK, Petersen KS, Anderson CA, Springfield S, Van Horn L, Khera A, Lamendola C, Mayo SM, Joseph JJ (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1161%2FCIR.0000000000001146">"Popular Dietary Patterns: Alignment With American Heart Association 2021 Dietary Guidance: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association"</a>. <i>Circulation</i>. <b>147</b> (22): 1715–1730. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1161%2FCIR.0000000000001146">10.1161/CIR.0000000000001146</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37128940">37128940</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Circulation&rft.atitle=Popular+Dietary+Patterns%3A+Alignment+With+American+Heart+Association+2021+Dietary+Guidance%3A+A+Scientific+Statement+From+the+American+Heart+Association&rft.volume=147&rft.issue=22&rft.pages=1715-1730&rft.date=2023&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1161%2FCIR.0000000000001146&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F37128940&rft.aulast=Gardner&rft.aufirst=CD&rft.au=Vadiveloo%2C+MK&rft.au=Petersen%2C+KS&rft.au=Anderson%2C+CA&rft.au=Springfield%2C+S&rft.au=Van+Horn%2C+L&rft.au=Khera%2C+A&rft.au=Lamendola%2C+C&rft.au=Mayo%2C+SM&rft.au=Joseph%2C+JJ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1161%252FCIR.0000000000001146&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+D.+Gardner" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGardnerWardCunananDurand2023" class="citation journal cs1">Gardner, Christopher D.; Ward, Catherine P.; Cunanan, Kristen M.; Durand, Lindsay R.; Perelman, Dalia; Robinson, Jennifer L.; Hennings, Tayler; Koh, Linda; Dant, Christopher; Zeitlin, Amanda; Ebel, Emily R.; Sonnenburg, Erica D.; Sonnenburg, Justin L.; Landry, Matthew J. (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10690456">"Cardiometabolic Effects of Omnivorous vs Vegan Diets in Identical Twins"</a>. <i>JAMA Network Open</i>. <b>6</b> (11): e2344457. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1001%2Fjamanetworkopen.2023.44457">10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.44457</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10690456">10690456</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38032644">38032644</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA+Network+Open&rft.atitle=Cardiometabolic+Effects+of+Omnivorous+vs+Vegan+Diets+in+Identical+Twins&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=e2344457&rft.date=2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC10690456%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F38032644&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1001%2Fjamanetworkopen.2023.44457&rft.aulast=Gardner&rft.aufirst=Christopher+D.&rft.au=Ward%2C+Catherine+P.&rft.au=Cunanan%2C+Kristen+M.&rft.au=Durand%2C+Lindsay+R.&rft.au=Perelman%2C+Dalia&rft.au=Robinson%2C+Jennifer+L.&rft.au=Hennings%2C+Tayler&rft.au=Koh%2C+Linda&rft.au=Dant%2C+Christopher&rft.au=Zeitlin%2C+Amanda&rft.au=Ebel%2C+Emily+R.&rft.au=Sonnenburg%2C+Erica+D.&rft.au=Sonnenburg%2C+Justin+L.&rft.au=Landry%2C+Matthew+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC10690456&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+D.+Gardner" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_D._Gardner&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHansen2022" class="citation web cs1">Hansen, Jamie (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalhealth.stanford.edu/planetary-health/5-questions-with-dr-christopher-gardner-on-tackling-food-and-health-disparities-while-saving-the-planet%EF%BF%BC.html/">"5 Questions with Dr. Christopher Gardner on tackling food and health disparities while saving the planet"</a>. <i>Stanford Center for Innovation in Global Health</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stanford+Center+for+Innovation+in+Global+Health&rft.atitle=5+Questions+with+Dr.+Christopher+Gardner+on+tackling+food+and+health+disparities+while+saving+the+planet&rft.date=2022&rft.aulast=Hansen&rft.aufirst=Jamie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalhealth.stanford.edu%2Fplanetary-health%2F5-questions-with-dr-christopher-gardner-on-tackling-food-and-health-disparities-while-saving-the-planet%25EF%25BF%25BC.html%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+D.+Gardner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stanford-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stanford_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stanford_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoskal2023" class="citation web cs1">Moskal, Emily (November 30, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://med.stanford.edu/news/all-news/2023/11/twin-diet-vegan-cardiovascular.html">"Twin research indicates that a vegan diet improves cardiovascular health"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 2,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Twin+research+indicates+that+a+vegan+diet+improves+cardiovascular+health&rft.date=2023-11-30&rft.aulast=Moskal&rft.aufirst=Emily&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmed.stanford.edu%2Fnews%2Fall-news%2F2023%2F11%2Ftwin-diet-vegan-cardiovascular.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+D.+Gardner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/no2013066173.html">"Gardner, C. D. (Christopher David), 1959-"</a>. <i>id.loc.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 23,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=id.loc.gov&rft.atitle=Gardner%2C+C.+D.+%28Christopher+David%29%2C+1959-&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fid.loc.gov%2Fauthorities%2Fnames%2Fno2013066173.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+D.+Gardner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Doctor-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Doctor_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Doctor_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoctor2019" class="citation web cs1">Doctor, Rebecca (Summer 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.colgate.edu/magazine/2019/08/20/eat-your-vegetables/">"Eat Your Vegetables"</a>. <i>news.colgate.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 23,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=news.colgate.edu&rft.atitle=Eat+Your+Vegetables&rft.ssn=summer&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Doctor&rft.aufirst=Rebecca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.colgate.edu%2Fmagazine%2F2019%2F08%2F20%2Feat-your-vegetables%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+D.+Gardner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://med.stanford.edu/news/all-news/2002/07/stanford-researchers-study-ginkgo-bilobas-effects-on-peripheral-artery-disease.html">"STANFORD RESEARCHERS STUDY GINKGO BILOBA'S EFFECTS ON PERIPHERAL ARTERY DISEASE"</a>. <i>med.stanford.edu</i>. 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Stanford researcher studies garlic's potency as a supplement"</a>. <i>med.stanford.edu</i>. January 16, 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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some need improvement"</a>. <i>American Heart Association</i>. 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240510031137/https://newsroom.heart.org/news/10-popular-diets-scored-for-heart-healthy-elements-some-need-improvement">Archived</a> from the original on May 10, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Heart+Association&rft.atitle=10+popular+diets+scored+for+heart-healthy+elements%3B+some+need+improvement&rft.date=2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewsroom.heart.org%2Fnews%2F10-popular-diets-scored-for-heart-healthy-elements-some-need-improvement&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+D.+Gardner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wellness/2023/04/27/keto-paleo-diet-heart-health/">"Popular keto and paleo diets aren't helping your heart, report says"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i>. 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240124015329/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wellness/2023/04/27/keto-paleo-diet-heart-health/">Archived</a> from the original on January 24, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Popular+keto+and+paleo+diets+aren%27t+helping+your+heart%2C+report+says&rft.date=2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwellness%2F2023%2F04%2F27%2Fketo-paleo-diet-heart-health%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+D.+Gardner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLopez2023" class="citation web cs1">Lopez, John (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.techtimes.com/articles/299475/20231206/stanford-study-reveals-switching-vegan-diet-boosts-cardiovascular-health.htm">"Stanford Study Reveals Switching to Vegan Diet Boosts Cardiovascular Health in 8 Weeks"</a>. <i>Tech Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207000527/https://www.techtimes.com/articles/299475/20231206/stanford-study-reveals-switching-vegan-diet-boosts-cardiovascular-health.htm">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tech+Times&rft.atitle=Stanford+Study+Reveals+Switching+to+Vegan+Diet+Boosts+Cardiovascular+Health+in+8+Weeks&rft.date=2023&rft.aulast=Lopez&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.techtimes.com%2Farticles%2F299475%2F20231206%2Fstanford-study-reveals-switching-vegan-diet-boosts-cardiovascular-health.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+D.+Gardner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cnn-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cnn_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaMotte2023" class="citation web cs1">LaMotte, Sandra (2023-01-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2023/11/30/health/vegan-twin-study-wellness/index.html">"One identical twin went vegan while the other didn't. See what happened"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-01-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=One+identical+twin+went+vegan+while+the+other+didn%27t.+See+what+happened&rft.date=2023-01-30&rft.aulast=LaMotte&rft.aufirst=Sandra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2023%2F11%2F30%2Fhealth%2Fvegan-twin-study-wellness%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+D.+Gardner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://integrativemedicine.arizona.edu/formalbio_cgardner.html">"Christopher D. Gardner PhD"</a>. <i>integrativemedicine.arizona.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 23,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=integrativemedicine.arizona.edu&rft.atitle=Christopher+D.+Gardner+PhD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fintegrativemedicine.arizona.edu%2Fformalbio_cgardner.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+D.+Gardner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_D._Gardner&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Scholia_logo.svg/40px-Scholia_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Scholia_logo.svg/60px-Scholia_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Scholia_logo.svg/80px-Scholia_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="107" data-file-height="104" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Scholia" class="extiw" title="d:Wikidata:Scholia">Scholia</a> has a profile for <a href="https://iw.toolforge.org/scholia/Q59750153" class="extiw" title="toolforge:scholia/Q59750153"><b>Christopher D. 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diet">Plant-based diets</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flexitarianism" title="Flexitarianism">Flexitarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruitarianism" title="Fruitarianism">Fruitarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacto_vegetarianism" title="Lacto vegetarianism">Lacto vegetarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacto-ovo_vegetarianism" title="Lacto-ovo vegetarianism">Lacto-ovo vegetarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-carbon_diet" title="Low-carbon diet">Low-carbon diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_diet" title="Mediterranean diet">Mediterranean diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovo_vegetarianism" title="Ovo vegetarianism">Ovo vegetarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pescetarianism" title="Pescetarianism">Pescetarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_health_diet" title="Planetary health diet">Planetary health diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollotarianism" title="Pollotarianism">Pollotarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portfolio_diet" title="Portfolio diet">Portfolio diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raw_veganism" class="mw-redirect" title="Raw veganism">Raw vegan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sattvic_diet" title="Sattvic diet">Sattvic diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_diet" title="Sustainable diet">Sustainable diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veganism" title="Veganism">Vegan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism" title="Vegetarianism">Vegetarian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">Academics, dietitians, and physicians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neal_D._Barnard" title="Neal D. Barnard">Neal D. Barnard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_Bulsiewicz" title="Will Bulsiewicz">Will Bulsiewicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._Colin_Campbell" title="T. Colin Campbell">T. Colin Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brenda_Davis" title="Brenda Davis">Brenda Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garth_Davis_(surgeon)" title="Garth Davis (surgeon)">Garth Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Desmond" title="Alan Desmond">Alan Desmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Diehl" title="Hans Diehl">Hans Diehl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gidon_Eshel" title="Gidon Eshel">Gidon Eshel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caldwell_Esselstyn" title="Caldwell Esselstyn">Caldwell Esselstyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_E._Fraser" title="Gary E. Fraser">Gary E. Fraser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Fuhrman" title="Joel Fuhrman">Joel Fuhrman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristi_Funk" title="Kristi Funk">Kristi Funk</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Christopher D. Gardner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Gerson" title="Max Gerson">Max Gerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Greger" title="Michael Greger">Michael Greger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julieanna_Hever" title="Julieanna Hever">Julieanna Hever</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Hill_(nutritionist)" title="Simon Hill (nutritionist)">Simon Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shireen_Kassam" title="Shireen Kassam">Shireen Kassam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_F._Jacobson" title="Michael F. Jacobson">Michael F. Jacobson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_J._Jenkins" title="David J. Jenkins">David J. Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Kahn" title="Joel Kahn">Joel Kahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_L._Katz" title="David L. Katz">David L. Katz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Klaper" title="Michael Klaper">Michael Klaper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_M._Levin" title="Susan M. Levin">Susan M. Levin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valter_Longo" title="Valter Longo">Valter Longo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaniappan_Manickam" title="Palaniappan Manickam">Palaniappan Manickam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._McDougall" title="John A. McDougall">John A. McDougall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracye_McQuirter" title="Tracye McQuirter">Tracye McQuirter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemma_Newman" title="Gemma Newman">Gemma Newman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Norris_(activist)" title="Jack Norris (activist)">Jack Norris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dean_Ornish" title="Dean Ornish">Dean Ornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Plant" title="Jane Plant">Jane Plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Pritikin" title="Nathan Pritikin">Nathan Pritikin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megan_Rossi" title="Megan Rossi">Megan Rossi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Shintani" title="Terry Shintani">Terry Shintani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheil_Shukla" title="Sheil Shukla">Sheil Shukla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Spector" title="Tim Spector">Tim Spector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mia_Syn" title="Mia Syn">Mia Syn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellsworth_Wareham" title="Ellsworth Wareham">Ellsworth Wareham</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">Advocates and cookbook authors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Adams" title="Eric Adams">Eric Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamela_Anderson" title="Pamela Anderson">Pamela Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nava_Atlas" title="Nava Atlas">Nava Atlas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Bass" title="Clarence Bass">Clarence Bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Bittman" title="Mark Bittman">Mark Bittman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawn_Jackson_Blatner" title="Dawn Jackson Blatner">Dawn Jackson Blatner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carleigh_Bodrug" title="Carleigh Bodrug">Carleigh Bodrug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Bowman" title="Alfredo Bowman">Alfredo Bowman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brendan_Brazier" title="Brendan Brazier">Brendan Brazier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Buettner" title="Dan Buettner">Dan Buettner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Cameron" title="James Cameron">James Cameron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzy_Amis_Cameron" title="Suzy Amis Cameron">Suzy Amis Cameron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_Che" title="Hannah Che">Hannah Che</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Cross_(filmmaker)" title="Joe Cross (filmmaker)">Joe Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosanna_Davison" title="Rosanna Davison">Rosanna Davison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Downey_Jr." title="Robert Downey Jr.">Robert Downey Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marta_Dymek" title="Marta Dymek">Marta Dymek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rip_Esselstyn" title="Rip Esselstyn">Rip Esselstyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathy_Freston" title="Kathy Freston">Kathy Freston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Kenney" title="Matthew Kenney">Matthew Kenney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richa_Hingle" title="Richa Hingle">Richa Hingle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Humm" title="Daniel Humm">Daniel Humm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_La_Manna" title="Max La Manna">Max La Manna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_McCartney" title="Mary McCartney">Mary McCartney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Mills" title="Ella Mills">Ella Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hetty_Lui_McKinnon" title="Hetty Lui McKinnon">Hetty Lui McKinnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanne_Lee_Molinaro" title="Joanne Lee Molinaro">Joanne Lee Molinaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charity_Morgan" title="Charity Morgan">Charity Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_H._Murdock" title="David H. Murdock">David H. Murdock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toni_Okamoto" title="Toni Okamoto">Toni Okamoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darin_Olien" title="Darin Olien">Darin Olien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Pilot" title="Steve Pilot">Steve Pilot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_Robbins" title="Ocean Robbins">Ocean Robbins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derek_Sarno" title="Derek Sarno">Derek Sarno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Schwarzenegger" title="Arnold Schwarzenegger">Arnold Schwarzenegger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessica_Seinfeld" title="Jessica Seinfeld">Jessica Seinfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Stone" title="Gene Stone">Gene Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_Sunderani" title="Hannah Sunderani">Hannah Sunderani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deborah_Szekely" title="Deborah Szekely">Deborah Szekely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeeca_Uy" title="Jeeca Uy">Jeeca Uy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisha_Vora" title="Nisha Vora">Nisha Vora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Yonan" title="Joe Yonan">Joe Yonan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_O._Young" title="Robert O. Young">Robert O. Young</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Forks_Over_Knives" title="Forks Over Knives">Forks Over Knives</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/PlantPure_Nation" title="PlantPure Nation">PlantPure Nation</a></i> (2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/What_the_Health" title="What the Health">What the Health</a></i> (2017)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Game_Changers" title="The Game Changers">The Game Changers</a></i> (2018)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books,<br />studies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adventist_Health_Studies" title="Adventist Health Studies">Adventist Health Studies</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_China_Study" title="The China Study">The China Study</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/How_Not_to_Die:_Discover_the_Foods_Scientifically_Proven_to_Prevent_and_Reverse_Disease" title="How Not to Die: Discover the Foods Scientifically Proven to Prevent and Reverse Disease">How Not to Die: Discover the Foods Scientifically Proven to Prevent and Reverse Disease</a></i> (2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Longevity_Diet" title="The Longevity Diet">The Longevity Diet</a></i> (2018)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plant-Based_Health_Professionals_UK" class="mw-redirect" title="Plant-Based Health Professionals UK">Plant-Based Health Professionals UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physicians_Committee_for_Responsible_Medicine" title="Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine">Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pritikin_Longevity_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Pritikin Longevity Center">Pritikin Longevity Center</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dietary_fiber" title="Dietary fiber">Dietary fiber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fermented_foods" title="List of fermented foods">Fermented foods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gut_microbiota" title="Gut microbiota">Gut microbiota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_microbiome" title="Human microbiome">Gut microbiome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant-based_action_plan" title="Plant-based action plan">Plant-based action plan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nutrition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_nutrition" title="Vegan nutrition">Vegan nutrition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_nutrition" title="Vegetarian nutrition">Vegetarian nutrition</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Food</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bean" title="Bean">Beans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_culinary_fruits" title="List of culinary fruits">Fruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_culinary_herbs_and_spices" title="List of culinary herbs and spices">Herbs and spices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legume" title="Legume">Legumes/Pulses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_culinary_nuts" title="List of culinary nuts">Nuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_edible_seeds" title="List of edible seeds">Seeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempeh" title="Tempeh">Tempeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofu" title="Tofu">Tofu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegetables" title="List of vegetables">Vegetables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whole_grain" title="Whole grain">Whole grains</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Drink</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cocoa_bean" title="Cocoa bean">Cacao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee" title="Coffee">Coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_milk" title="Plant milk">Plant milk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea" title="Tea">Tea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegan_and_plant-based_media" title="List of vegan and plant-based media">List of vegan and plant-based media</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Plant-based_diets" title="Category:Plant-based diets">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Plant-based_diets" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Plant-based diets">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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