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id="toc-Endometrial_cancer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Endometrial_cancer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Endometrial cancer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Endometrial_cancer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uterine_sarcomas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uterine_sarcomas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Uterine sarcomas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uterine_sarcomas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Signs_and_symptoms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Signs_and_symptoms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Signs and symptoms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Signs_and_symptoms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Causes_and_risk_factors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Causes_and_risk_factors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Causes and risk factors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Causes_and_risk_factors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diagnosis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diagnosis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Diagnosis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diagnosis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Screening_and_Prevention" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Screening_and_Prevention"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Screening and Prevention</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Screening_and_Prevention-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Treatment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Treatment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Treatment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Treatment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prognosis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prognosis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Prognosis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prognosis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Epidemiology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Epidemiology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Epidemiology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Epidemiology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Epidemiology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Epidemiology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Research</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Uterine cancer</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 30 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">30 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%85" title="سرطان الرحم – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سرطان الرحم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0" title="ইউটেৰাইন কেন্সাৰ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ইউটেৰাইন কেন্সাৰ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="জরাযুর ক্যান্সার – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জরাযুর ক্যান্সার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A0ncer_d%27%C3%BAter" title="Càncer d'úter – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Càncer d'úter" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uteruskarzinom" title="Uteruskarzinom – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Uteruskarzinom" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%83%DE%A6%DE%80%DE%A8%DE%89%DE%AA%DE%8E%DE%AC_%DE%86%DE%AC%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%90%DE%A6%DE%83%DE%AA" title="ރަހިމުގެ ކެންސަރު – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ރަހިމުގެ ކެންސަރު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A1ncer_uterino" title="Cáncer uterino – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cáncer uterino" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umetokiko_minbizi" title="Umetokiko minbizi – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Umetokiko minbizi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%85" title="سرطان رحم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سرطان رحم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumeur_de_l%27ut%C3%A9rus" title="Tumeur de l'utérus – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tumeur de l'utérus" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EA%B6%81%EC%95%94" title="자궁암 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="자궁암" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciwon_daji_na_Mahaifa" title="Ciwon daji na Mahaifa – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Ciwon daji na Mahaifa" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%AB_%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%B2%D6%81%D5%AF%D5%A5%D5%B2" title="Արգանդի քաղցկեղ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Արգանդի քաղցկեղ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karsinoma_uteri" title="Karsinoma uteri – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Karsinoma uteri" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumore_dell%27utero" title="Tumore dell'utero – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tumore dell'utero" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%9D" title="סרטן הרחם – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סרטן הרחם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanseri_yo_muri_nyababyeyi" title="Kanseri yo muri nyababyeyi – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Kanseri yo muri nyababyeyi" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%82" title="ഗർഭാശയാർബ്ബുദം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗർഭാശയാർബ്ബുദം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97" title="गर्भाशयाचा कर्करोग – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="गर्भाशयाचा कर्करोग" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%97%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AD%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B6%E0%AD%9F_%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%9F" title="ଗର୍ଭାଶୟ କର୍କଟ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଗର୍ଭାଶୟ କର୍କଟ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancro_do_%C3%BAtero" title="Cancro do útero – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cancro do útero" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uterine_cancer" title="Uterine cancer – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Uterine cancer" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livmodercancer" title="Livmodercancer – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Livmodercancer" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%AF_%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D" title="గర్భాశయ క్యాన్సర్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="గర్భాశయ క్యాన్సర్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%A6_%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D" title="ಗರ್ಭಕೋಶದ ಕ್ಯಾನ್ಸರ್ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಗರ್ಭಕೋಶದ ಕ್ಯಾನ್ಸರ್" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rahim_kanseri" title="Rahim kanseri – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Rahim kanseri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Рак матки – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Рак матки" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DA%86%DB%81_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A7_%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86" title="بچہ دانی کا سرطان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بچہ دانی کا سرطان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ung_th%C6%B0_t%E1%BB%AD_cung" title="Ung thư tử cung – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ung thư tử cung" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%90%E5%AE%AB%E7%99%8C" title="子宫癌 – Chinese" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Medical condition</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox ib-medical-condition"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:#ccc">Uterine cancer</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data">Womb cancer</td></tr><tr style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Uterus_with_Cancer_Origins.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Uterus_with_Cancer_Origins.jpg/220px-Uterus_with_Cancer_Origins.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Uterus_with_Cancer_Origins.jpg/330px-Uterus_with_Cancer_Origins.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Uterus_with_Cancer_Origins.jpg/440px-Uterus_with_Cancer_Origins.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1274" data-file-height="993" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Diagram of uterus with labeled origins of cancer types.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Medical_specialty" title="Medical specialty">Specialty</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gynecology" class="mw-redirect" title="Gynecology">Gynecology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oncology" title="Oncology">oncology</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Signs_and_symptoms" title="Signs and symptoms">Symptoms</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><b>Endometrial cancer</b>: <a href="/wiki/Vaginal_bleeding" title="Vaginal bleeding">vaginal bleeding</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pelvic_pain" title="Pelvic pain">pelvic pain</a><sup id="cite_ref-NCI2019PtEndo_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCI2019PtEndo-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><b>Uterine sarcoma</b>: vaginal bleeding, mass in the vagina<sup id="cite_ref-NCI2019PtSar_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCI2019PtSar-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Types</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Endometrial_cancer" title="Endometrial cancer">Endometrial cancer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uterine_sarcoma" title="Uterine sarcoma">uterine sarcoma</a><sup id="cite_ref-NCI2019Pt_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCI2019Pt-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Risk_factor" title="Risk factor">Risk factors</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><b>Endometrial cancer</b>: <a href="/wiki/Obesity" title="Obesity">obesity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metabolic_syndrome" title="Metabolic syndrome">metabolic syndrome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Type_2_diabetes" title="Type 2 diabetes">type 2 diabetes</a>, tamoxifen use, unopposed estrogens, late menopause, family history of the condition<sup id="cite_ref-NCI2019PtEndo_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCI2019PtEndo-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><b>Uterine sarcoma</b>: <a href="/wiki/Radiation_therapy" title="Radiation therapy">radiation therapy</a> to the pelvis<sup id="cite_ref-NCI2019PtSar_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCI2019PtSar-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Treatment</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Surgery" title="Surgery">Surgery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radiation_therapy" title="Radiation therapy">radiation therapy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chemotherapy" title="Chemotherapy">chemotherapy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hormone_therapy" title="Hormone therapy">hormone therapy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Targeted_therapy" title="Targeted therapy">targeted therapy</a><sup id="cite_ref-NCI2019PtEndo_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCI2019PtEndo-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NCI2019PtSar_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCI2019PtSar-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Frequency</th><td class="infobox-data">3.8 million (2015)<sup id="cite_ref-GBD2015Pre_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GBD2015Pre-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Deaths</th><td class="infobox-data">90,000 (2015)<sup id="cite_ref-GBD2015De_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GBD2015De-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Uterine cancer</b>, also known as <b>womb cancer</b>, includes two types of <a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">cancer</a> that develop from the tissues of the <a href="/wiki/Uterus" title="Uterus">uterus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NCI2019Pt_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCI2019Pt-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Endometrial_cancer" title="Endometrial cancer">Endometrial cancer</a> forms from the <a href="/wiki/Endometrium" title="Endometrium">lining of the uterus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Uterine_sarcoma" title="Uterine sarcoma">uterine sarcoma</a> forms from the muscles or support tissue of the uterus.<sup id="cite_ref-NCI2019PtEndo_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCI2019PtEndo-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NCI2019PtSar_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCI2019PtSar-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Endometrial cancer accounts for approximately 90% of all uterine cancers in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-Felix_985–994_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Felix_985–994-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Symptoms of endometrial cancer include changes in <a href="/wiki/Vaginal_bleeding" title="Vaginal bleeding">vaginal bleeding</a> or pain in the <a href="/wiki/Pelvis" title="Pelvis">pelvis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NCI2019PtEndo_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCI2019PtEndo-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Symptoms of uterine sarcoma include unusual vaginal bleeding or a mass in the <a href="/wiki/Vagina" title="Vagina">vagina</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NCI2019PtSar_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCI2019PtSar-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Risk factors for endometrial cancer include <a href="/wiki/Obesity" title="Obesity">obesity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metabolic_syndrome" title="Metabolic syndrome">metabolic syndrome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Type_2_diabetes" title="Type 2 diabetes">type 2 diabetes</a>, taking <a href="/wiki/Estrogen_therapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Estrogen therapy">pills that contain estrogen without progesterone</a>, a history of <a href="/wiki/Tamoxifen" title="Tamoxifen">tamoxifen</a> use, late <a href="/wiki/Menopause" title="Menopause">menopause</a>, and a family history of the condition.<sup id="cite_ref-www.cancer.org_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www.cancer.org-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NCI2019PtEndo_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCI2019PtEndo-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Risk factors for uterine sarcoma include prior <a href="/wiki/Radiation_therapy" title="Radiation therapy">radiation therapy</a> to the pelvis.<sup id="cite_ref-NCI2019PtSar_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCI2019PtSar-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Diagnosis of endometrial cancer is typically based on an <a href="/wiki/Endometrial_biopsy" title="Endometrial biopsy">endometrial biopsy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NCI2019PtEndo_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCI2019PtEndo-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A diagnosis of uterine sarcoma may be suspected based on symptoms, a <a href="/wiki/Pelvic_exam" class="mw-redirect" title="Pelvic exam">pelvic exam</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Medical_imaging" title="Medical imaging">medical imaging</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NCI2019PtSar_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCI2019PtSar-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Endometrial cancer can often be cured while uterine sarcoma typically is harder to treat.<sup id="cite_ref-NCI2019Pt_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCI2019Pt-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Treatment may include a combination of <a href="/wiki/Surgery" title="Surgery">surgery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radiation_therapy" title="Radiation therapy">radiation therapy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chemotherapy" title="Chemotherapy">chemotherapy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hormone_therapy" title="Hormone therapy">hormone therapy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Targeted_therapy" title="Targeted therapy">targeted therapy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NCI2019PtEndo_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCI2019PtEndo-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NCI2019PtSar_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCI2019PtSar-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Just over 80% of women survive more than 5 years following diagnosis.<sup id="cite_ref-SEER2019_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SEER2019-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2015 about 3.8 million women were affected globally and it resulted in 90,000 deaths.<sup id="cite_ref-GBD2015Pre_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GBD2015Pre-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GBD2015De_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GBD2015De-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Endometrial cancer is relatively common while uterine sarcomas are rare.<sup id="cite_ref-NCI2019Pt_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCI2019Pt-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the United States, uterine cancers represent 3.5% of new cancer cases.<sup id="cite_ref-SEER2019_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SEER2019-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They most commonly occur in women between the ages of 45 and 74 with a median age of diagnosis of 63.<sup id="cite_ref-SEER2019_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SEER2019-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uterine_cancer&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The terms uterine cancer and womb cancer may refer to several different types of <a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">cancer</a> that occur in the <a href="/wiki/Uterus" title="Uterus">uterus</a>, namely: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Endometrial_cancer"><a href="/wiki/Endometrial_cancer" title="Endometrial cancer">Endometrial cancer</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uterine_cancer&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Endometrial cancer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Endometrial carcinomas</i> originate from cells in the glands of the <a href="/wiki/Endometrium" title="Endometrium">endometrium</a> (uterine lining). These include the common and readily treatable <i>well-differentiated endometrioid adenocarcinoma,</i> as well as the more aggressive <i><a href="/wiki/Uterine_serous_carcinoma" title="Uterine serous carcinoma">uterine papillary serous carcinoma</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Uterine_clear-cell_carcinoma" title="Uterine clear-cell carcinoma">uterine clear-cell carcinoma</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-www.cancer.org_2_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www.cancer.org_2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mixed_M%C3%BCllerian_tumor" title="Mixed Müllerian tumor">Malignant mixed Müllerian tumors</a></i> (also known as uterine carcinosarcomas) are rare endometrial tumors which show both glandular (<a href="/wiki/Carcinoma" title="Carcinoma">carcinomatous</a>) and stromal (<a href="/wiki/Sarcoma" title="Sarcoma">sarcomatous</a>) differentiation.<sup id="cite_ref-www.cancer.org_2_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www.cancer.org_2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uterine_sarcomas"><a href="/wiki/Uterine_sarcoma" title="Uterine sarcoma">Uterine sarcomas</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uterine_cancer&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Uterine sarcomas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leiomyosarcoma" title="Leiomyosarcoma"><i>Leiomyosarcomas</i></a> originate from the muscular layer of the uterus (or <a href="/wiki/Myometrium" title="Myometrium">myometrium</a>). Of note, leiomyosarcomas are distinct from <a href="/wiki/Uterine_fibroid" title="Uterine fibroid">uterine leiomyomas</a>, which are benign tumors of the uterus.<sup id="cite_ref-www.cancer.org_3_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www.cancer.org_3-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Endometrial_stromal_sarcoma" title="Endometrial stromal sarcoma">Endometrial stromal sarcomas</a></i> originate from the <a href="/wiki/Connective_tissue" title="Connective tissue">connective tissues</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Endometrium" title="Endometrium">endometrium</a>, and are far less common than endometrial carcinomas.<sup id="cite_ref-www.cancer.org_3_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www.cancer.org_3-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Signs_and_symptoms">Signs and symptoms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uterine_cancer&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Signs and symptoms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Both types of uterine cancer can present with abnormal vaginal bleeding and discharge.<sup id="cite_ref-www.uptodate.com_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www.uptodate.com-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-www.uptodate.com_2_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www.uptodate.com_2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Abnormalities can include change in duration or amount of menstrual bleeding as well as new bleeding between <a href="/wiki/Menses" class="mw-redirect" title="Menses">menses</a> or after menopause. Sensations of new or increasing pelvic pressure or pain can also indicate tumor growth in the uterus.<sup id="cite_ref-www.uptodate.com_2_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www.uptodate.com_2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Any of these findings warrant further workup by a doctor. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Causes_and_risk_factors">Causes and risk factors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uterine_cancer&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Causes and risk factors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is not known with certainty what the causes for uterine cancer may be, though hormone imbalance is cited as a risk factor. Estrogen receptors, known to be present on the surfaces of cells of this type of cancer, are thought to interact with the hormone causing increased cell growth, which can then result in cancer. The exact mechanism of how this occurs is not understood.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Risk factors for endometrial cancer include <a href="/wiki/Obesity" title="Obesity">obesity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metabolic_syndrome" title="Metabolic syndrome">metabolic syndrome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Type_2_diabetes" title="Type 2 diabetes">type 2 diabetes</a>, taking pills that contain estrogen without progesterone, a history of <a href="/wiki/Tamoxifen" title="Tamoxifen">tamoxifen</a> use, late menopause, and certain hereditary conditions (<a href="/wiki/Lynch_Syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Lynch Syndrome">Lynch syndrome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cowden_syndrome" title="Cowden syndrome">Cowden syndrome</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-www.cancer.org_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www.cancer.org-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NCI2019PtEndo_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCI2019PtEndo-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-www.uptodate.com_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www.uptodate.com-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Risk factors for uterine sarcoma include prior <a href="/wiki/Radiation_therapy" title="Radiation therapy">radiation therapy</a> to the pelvis, a history of tamoxifen use, a history of childhood <a href="/wiki/Retinoblastoma" title="Retinoblastoma">retinoblastoma</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hereditary_leiomyomatosis_and_renal_cell_carcinoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma">hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma (HLRCC) syndrome</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NCI2019PtSar_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCI2019PtSar-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-www.uptodate.com_2_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www.uptodate.com_2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diagnosis">Diagnosis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uterine_cancer&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Diagnosis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>To evaluate for uterine cancer, a clinician might perform a <a href="/wiki/Pelvic_examination" title="Pelvic examination">pelvic exam</a> to visually inspect internal pelvic organs and to feel the size and position of the uterus and ovaries. A “<a href="/wiki/Pap_test" title="Pap test">pap smear</a>” may also be done to brush the sides of the cervix to collect cells for testing and to look at under a microscope. A <a href="/wiki/Dilation_and_curettage" title="Dilation and curettage">dilatation and curettage</a> is often done to collect a sample of uterine lining tissue. An <a href="/wiki/Medical_ultrasound" title="Medical ultrasound">ultrasound</a> is also often performed to look for tumors.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Screening_and_Prevention">Screening and Prevention</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uterine_cancer&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Screening and Prevention"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Screening for uterine cancers is not recommended except for in women with certain hereditary conditions that increase their risk (Lynch, Cowden, HLRCC).<sup id="cite_ref-www.uptodate.com_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www.uptodate.com-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-www.uptodate.com_2_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www.uptodate.com_2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In general, <a href="/wiki/Combined_oral_contraceptive_pill" title="Combined oral contraceptive pill">combined oral contraceptive pills</a> and <a href="/wiki/Progestogen-only_pill" title="Progestogen-only pill">progestin-only pills</a> are protective against uterine cancers. Weight loss and/or bariatric surgery reduces the risk for patients with obesity.<sup id="cite_ref-www.uptodate.com_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www.uptodate.com-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Treatment">Treatment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uterine_cancer&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Treatment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Treatment of uterine cancer may differ depending on the type of cancer and staging of the tumor.<sup id="cite_ref-www.cancer.gov_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www.cancer.gov-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In early stages, minimal invasive surgery is preferred. <sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For endometrial cancer, five main types of treatments are used, including surgery, <a href="/wiki/Radiation_therapy" title="Radiation therapy">radiation therapy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chemotherapy" title="Chemotherapy">chemotherapy</a>, hormone therapy, and targeted therapy. The most common treatment modality for endometrial cancer is surgery, whereby the uterus is removed via a total <a href="/wiki/Hysterectomy" title="Hysterectomy">hysterectomy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-www.cancer.gov_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www.cancer.gov-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hysterectomies may also be accompanied by removal of ovaries and fallopian tubes, called a <a href="/wiki/Salpingoophorectomy" class="mw-redirect" title="Salpingoophorectomy">salpingo-oophorectomy</a>. Additionally, hormone therapy which seeks to block the growth of cancer cells may also be used in the treatment of endometrial cancer. Targeted therapy may include <a href="/wiki/Monoclonal_antibody" title="Monoclonal antibody">monoclonal antibodies</a>, <a href="/wiki/MTOR_inhibitors" title="MTOR inhibitors">mTOR inhibitors</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Signal_transduction_inhibitor" title="Signal transduction inhibitor">signal transduction inhibitors</a> which all act to target cancer cells specifically.<sup id="cite_ref-www.cancer.gov_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www.cancer.gov-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2021, treatment options for uterine sarcoma include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and hormone therapy.<sup id="cite_ref-www.cancer.gov_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www.cancer.gov-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prognosis">Prognosis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uterine_cancer&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Prognosis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Prognosis" title="Prognosis">Prognosis</a> varies for the different types of endometrial cancer. Factors that influence prognosis across types of uterine cancer are age at diagnosis, the <a href="/wiki/Stage_(cancer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stage (cancer)">stage</a> of the cancer, the <a href="/wiki/Cancer_grading" class="mw-redirect" title="Cancer grading">grade</a> of the cancer, <a href="/wiki/Histology" title="Histology">histology</a>, depth of <a href="/wiki/Invasion_(cancer)" title="Invasion (cancer)">invasion</a> into the myometrium, and the presence of spread to nearby <a href="/wiki/Lymph_node" title="Lymph node">lymph nodes</a> or other regions.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Endometrial cancer typically has a good 5-year-survival when diagnosed early.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Generally, the prognosis is poorer for uterine sarcomas as compared to endometrial cancers.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Epidemiology">Epidemiology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uterine_cancer&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Epidemiology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Corpus_uteri_cancer_world_map_-_Death_-_WHO2004.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Corpus_uteri_cancer_world_map_-_Death_-_WHO2004.svg/330px-Corpus_uteri_cancer_world_map_-_Death_-_WHO2004.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Corpus_uteri_cancer_world_map_-_Death_-_WHO2004.svg/495px-Corpus_uteri_cancer_world_map_-_Death_-_WHO2004.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Corpus_uteri_cancer_world_map_-_Death_-_WHO2004.svg/660px-Corpus_uteri_cancer_world_map_-_Death_-_WHO2004.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="415" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Age_adjustment" title="Age adjustment">Age-standardized</a> death from cancer of the uterine body per 100,000 inhabitants in 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col div-col-small" style="column-width: 10em;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#b3b3b3; color:black;"> </span> no data</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ffff65; color:black;"> </span> less than 0.5</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#fff200; color:black;"> </span> 0.5–1</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ffdc00; color:black;"> </span> 1–1.5</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ffc600; color:black;"> </span> 1.5–2</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ffb000; color:black;"> </span> 2–2.5</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ff9a00; color:black;"> </span> 2.5–3</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ff8400; color:black;"> </span> 3–3.5</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ff6e00; color:black;"> </span> 3.5–4</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ff5800; color:black;"> </span> 4–4.5</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ff4200; color:black;"> </span> 4.5–5</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ff2c00; color:black;"> </span> 5–8</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#cb0000; color:white;"> </span> more than 8</div> </div></figcaption></figure> <p>Uterine cancer effects approximately 3.1% of females during their lifetime.<sup id="cite_ref-SEER2019_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SEER2019-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Uterine cancer resulted in 45,000 deaths worldwide in 1990, with this number increasing to 58,000 deaths in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-Loz2012_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Loz2012-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> North America and Northern Europe have the highest rates of uterine cancer. Asia, Southern Europe, Australia and South America have moderate rates, with the lowest rates in Africa and Eastern Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-Felix_2018_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Felix_2018-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About 81% of women with uterine cancer survive for five years. This rate is higher with more localized cancer at 95% survival rate for five years and lower for a distant spread of the cancer, at a 16.8% survival rate for five years.<sup id="cite_ref-SEER2019_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SEER2019-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uterine_cancer&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Uterine cancer is the fourth most common cancer in females in the UK (around 8,500 women were diagnosed with the disease in 2011), and it is the tenth most common cause of cancer death in females (around 2,000 women died in 2012).<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uterine_cancer&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Uterine cancer has a high prevalence in the United States, with approximately 772,247 women with the disease in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-SEER_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SEER-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of those uterine cancers, approximately 90% of the cases are endometrial cancers.<sup id="cite_ref-Felix_985–994_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Felix_985–994-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is the fourth most commonly diagnosed type of cancer. <sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the United States, uterine cancer is the most common invasive <a href="/wiki/Gynecologic_cancer" title="Gynecologic cancer">gynecologic cancer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Felix_2018_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Felix_2018-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The number of women diagnosed with uterine cancer has been steadily increasing, with 35,040 diagnosed in 1999 and 56,808 diagnosed in 2016. The age-adjusted rate of new cases in 1999 was 23.9 per 100,000 and has increased to 27.3 per 100,000 in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The incidence of uterine cancer increased even more in 2019, with an approximated 61,880 new cases.<sup id="cite_ref-SEER_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SEER-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The rates of incidence and death for uterine cancer differ depending on race. The rate of diagnosis is highest for white females, with 28.1 new cases per 100,000 persons. Black females have a similar incidence with 27.4 new cases per 100,000 persons. Other ethnic groups had lower incidences: Hispanic females had 24.1 new cases per 100,000 persons, Asian/Pacific Islander females had 20.8 new cases per 100,000 persons, and American Indian/Alaska Native females had 19.7 new cases per 100,000 persons. For the death rates of uterine cancer, black females had the highest rates, 8.5 deaths per 100,000 persons. The death rates for the other ethnic groups were dramatically lower. White females had 4.4 deaths per 100,000 persons, Hispanic females had 3.9 deaths per 100,000 persons, American Indian/Alaska Native females had 3.5 deaths per 100,000 persons, and Asian/Pacific Islander females had 3.1 deaths per 100,000 persons.<sup id="cite_ref-SEER2019_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SEER2019-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Research">Research</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uterine_cancer&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As current diagnostic methods are invasive and inaccurate, researchers are looking into new ways to catch womb cancer, especially in its early stages. A study found that using a technique involving <a href="/wiki/Infrared" title="Infrared">infrared light</a> on simple blood test samples detected uterine cancer with high accuracy (87%), and could detect <a href="/wiki/Precancerous_condition" title="Precancerous condition">precancerous growths</a> in all cases.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uterine_cancer&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancers&rft.atitle=Detecting+Endometrial+Cancer+by+Blood+Spectroscopy%3A+A+Diagnostic+Cross-Sectional+Study&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=1256&rft.date=2020-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7281323%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32429365&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3390%2Fcancers12051256&rft.aulast=Paraskevaidi&rft.aufirst=M&rft.au=Morais%2C+CL&rft.au=Ashton%2C+KM&rft.au=Stringfellow%2C+HF&rft.au=McVey%2C+RJ&rft.au=Ryan%2C+NA&rft.au=O%27Flynn%2C+H&rft.au=Sivalingam%2C+VN&rft.au=Kitson%2C+SJ&rft.au=MacKintosh%2C+ML&rft.au=Derbyshire%2C+AE&rft.au=Pow%2C+C&rft.au=Raglan%2C+O&rft.au=Lima%2C+KM&rft.au=Kyrgiou%2C+M&rft.au=Martin-Hirsch%2C+PL&rft.au=Martin%2C+FL&rft.au=Crosbie%2C+EJ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7281323&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUterine+cancer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> 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margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 0;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EAECF0;color:black;">Classification</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div style="position:relative; float:right; font-size:0.8em;"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1209744" class="extiw" title="d:Q1209744">D</a></div><div class="hlist" style="text-align:left;"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/International_Statistical_Classification_of_Diseases_and_Related_Health_Problems" class="mw-redirect" title="International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems">ICD</a>-<a href="/wiki/ICD-10" title="ICD-10">10</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/C54.1">C54.1</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/C54.2">C54.2</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/our-research-by-cancer-type/our-research-into-womb-cancer">Clinically reviewed uterine cancer information for patients</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://info.cancerresearchuk.org/cancerstats/types/uterus/">UK uterine cancer statistics</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foundationforwomenscancer.org/">Foundation for Women's Caner</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tumors_of_the_female_urogenital_system" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" 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template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tumors_of_the_female_urogenital_system" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tumor" class="mw-redirect" title="Tumor">Tumors</a> of the female <a href="/wiki/Urogenital_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Urogenital system">urogenital system</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Adnexa_of_uterus" class="mw-redirect" title="Adnexa of uterus">Adnexa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ovarian_cancer" title="Ovarian cancer">Ovaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glandular_and_epithelial_neoplasm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glandular and epithelial neoplasm (page does not exist)">Glandular and epithelial</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/Surface_epithelial-stromal_tumor" title="Surface epithelial-stromal tumor">surface epithelial-<br />stromal tumor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="CMS:" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">CMS:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ovarian_serous_cystadenoma" title="Ovarian serous cystadenoma">Ovarian serous cystadenoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mucinous_cystadenoma" title="Mucinous cystadenoma">Mucinous cystadenoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cystadenocarcinoma" title="Cystadenocarcinoma">Cystadenocarcinoma</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papillary_serous_cystadenocarcinoma" title="Papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma">Papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krukenberg_tumor" title="Krukenberg tumor">Krukenberg tumor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Endometrioid_tumor" title="Endometrioid tumor">Endometrioid tumor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovarian_clear-cell_carcinoma" title="Ovarian clear-cell carcinoma">Ovarian clear-cell carcinoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brenner_tumour" title="Brenner tumour">Brenner tumour</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sex_cord%E2%80%93gonadal_stromal_tumour" title="Sex cord–gonadal stromal tumour">Sex cord–gonadal stromal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leydig_cell_tumour" title="Leydig cell tumour">Leydig cell tumour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sertoli_cell_tumour" title="Sertoli cell tumour">Sertoli cell tumour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sertoli%E2%80%93Leydig_cell_tumour" title="Sertoli–Leydig cell tumour">Sertoli–Leydig cell tumour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thecoma" title="Thecoma">Thecoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granulosa_cell_tumour" title="Granulosa cell tumour">Granulosa cell tumour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luteoma" title="Luteoma">Luteoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_cord_tumour_with_annular_tubules" title="Sex cord tumour with annular tubules">Sex cord tumour with annular tubules</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Germ_cell_tumor" title="Germ cell tumor">Germ cell</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dysgerminoma" title="Dysgerminoma">Dysgerminoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germ_cell_tumor#Nongerminomatous" title="Germ cell tumor">Nongerminomatous</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Embryonal_carcinoma" title="Embryonal carcinoma">Embryonal carcinoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endodermal_sinus_tumor" title="Endodermal sinus tumor">Endodermal sinus tumor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonadoblastoma" title="Gonadoblastoma">Gonadoblastoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teratoma" title="Teratoma">Teratoma</a>/<a href="/wiki/Struma_ovarii" title="Struma ovarii">Struma ovarii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choriocarcinoma" title="Choriocarcinoma">Choriocarcinoma</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ovarian_fibroma" title="Ovarian fibroma">Fibroma</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meigs%27_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Meigs' syndrome">Meigs' syndrome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fallopian_tube_cancer" title="Fallopian tube cancer">Fallopian tube</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adenomatoid_tumor" title="Adenomatoid tumor">Adenomatoid tumor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Uterus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Myometrium" title="Myometrium">Myometrium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uterine_fibroid" title="Uterine fibroid">Uterine fibroids/leiomyoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leiomyosarcoma" title="Leiomyosarcoma">Leiomyosarcoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adenomyoma" title="Adenomyoma">Adenomyoma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Endometrial_cancer" title="Endometrial cancer">Endometrium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Endometrioid_tumor" title="Endometrioid tumor">Endometrioid tumor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uterine_serous_carcinoma" title="Uterine serous carcinoma">Uterine papillary serous carcinoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endometrial_intraepithelial_neoplasia" title="Endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia">Endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uterine_clear-cell_carcinoma" title="Uterine clear-cell carcinoma">Uterine clear-cell carcinoma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cervical_cancer" title="Cervical cancer">Cervix</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cervical_intraepithelial_neoplasia" title="Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia">Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clear-cell_adenocarcinoma_of_the_vagina" title="Clear-cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina">Clear-cell carcinoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squamous-cell_carcinoma#Vagina_and_cervix" title="Squamous-cell carcinoma">SCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glassy_cell_carcinoma_of_the_cervix" title="Glassy cell carcinoma of the cervix">Glassy-cell carcinoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villoglandular_adenocarcinoma_of_the_cervix" title="Villoglandular adenocarcinoma of the cervix">Villoglandular adenocarcinoma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Placenta" title="Placenta">Placenta</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Choriocarcinoma" title="Choriocarcinoma">Choriocarcinoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gestational_trophoblastic_disease" title="Gestational trophoblastic disease">Gestational trophoblastic disease</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uterine_sarcoma" title="Uterine sarcoma">Uterine sarcoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_M%C3%BCllerian_tumor" title="Mixed Müllerian tumor">Mixed Müllerian tumor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vaginal_cancer" title="Vaginal cancer">Vagina</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Squamous-cell_carcinoma_of_the_vagina" class="mw-redirect" title="Squamous-cell carcinoma of the vagina">Squamous-cell carcinoma of the vagina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarcoma_botryoides" title="Sarcoma botryoides">Botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clear-cell_adenocarcinoma_of_the_vagina" title="Clear-cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina">Clear-cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaginal_intraepithelial_neoplasia" title="Vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia">Vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaginal_cysts" title="Vaginal cysts">Vaginal cysts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vulvar_cancer" title="Vulvar cancer">Vulva</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Squamous_cell_carcinoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Squamous cell carcinoma">SCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanoma" title="Melanoma">Melanoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papillary_hidradenoma" title="Papillary hidradenoma">Papillary hidradenoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extramammary_Paget%27s_disease" title="Extramammary Paget's disease">Extramammary Paget's disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulvar_intraepithelial_neoplasia" title="Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia">Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartholin_gland_carcinoma" title="Bartholin gland carcinoma">Bartholin gland carcinoma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="x18px_Women&#039;s_health" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #F2D4CE;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Women%27s_health" title="Template:Women's health"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Women%27s_health" title="Template talk:Women's health"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Women%27s_health" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Women's health"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="x18px_Women&#039;s_health" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Women%27s_health_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Women%27s_health_icon.svg/12px-Women%27s_health_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Women%27s_health_icon.svg/18px-Women%27s_health_icon.svg.png 1.5x, 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navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vulva" title="Vulva">External female genitalia (vulva)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clitoris" title="Clitoris">Clitoris</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clitoral_hood" title="Clitoral hood">Clitoral hood</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labia_minora" title="Labia minora">Labia minora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labia_majora" title="Labia majora">Labia majora</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vagina" title="Vagina">Vagina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cervix" title="Cervix">Cervix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uterus" title="Uterus">Uterus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fallopian_tube" title="Fallopian tube">Fallopian tube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovary" title="Ovary">Ovary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reproductive_system_disease" title="Reproductive system disease">Reproductive system disease</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F2D4CE;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Maternal_health" title="Maternal health">Maternal <br />health</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F2D4CE;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pregnancy" title="Pregnancy">Pregnancy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unintended_pregnancy" title="Unintended pregnancy">Unintended pregnancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravidity_and_parity" title="Gravidity and parity">Gravidity and parity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obstetrics" title="Obstetrics">Obstetrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antenatal_care" class="mw-redirect" title="Antenatal care">Antenatal care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolescent_pregnancy" class="mw-redirect" title="Adolescent pregnancy">Adolescent pregnancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complications_of_pregnancy" title="Complications of pregnancy">Complications of pregnancy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hyperemesis_gravidarum" title="Hyperemesis gravidarum">Hyperemesis gravidarum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ectopic_pregnancy" title="Ectopic pregnancy">Ectopic pregnancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miscarriage" title="Miscarriage">Miscarriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obstetrical_bleeding" title="Obstetrical bleeding">Obstetrical bleeding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gestational_diabetes" title="Gestational diabetes">Gestational diabetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypertensive_disease_of_pregnancy" title="Hypertensive disease of pregnancy">Hypertension</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Preeclampsia" class="mw-redirect" title="Preeclampsia">Preeclampsia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eclampsia" title="Eclampsia">Eclampsia</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F2D4CE;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Childbirth" title="Childbirth">Childbirth</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Midwifery" title="Midwifery">Midwifery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preterm_birth" title="Preterm birth">Preterm birth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple_births" class="mw-redirect" title="Multiple births">Multiple births</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxytocin" title="Oxytocin">Oxytocin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obstructed_labor" class="mw-redirect" title="Obstructed labor">Obstructed labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cesarian_section" class="mw-redirect" title="Cesarian section">Cesarian section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retained_placenta" title="Retained placenta">Retained placenta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obstetrical_fistulae" class="mw-redirect" title="Obstetrical fistulae">Obstetrical fistulae</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vesicovaginal_fistula" title="Vesicovaginal fistula">Vesicovaginal fistula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rectovaginal_fistula" title="Rectovaginal fistula">Rectovaginal fistula</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episiotomy" title="Episiotomy">Episiotomy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Husband_stitch" title="Husband stitch">Husband stitch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postpartum_care" title="Postpartum care">Postpartum care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postpartum_confinement" title="Postpartum confinement">Postpartum confinement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maternal_deaths" class="mw-redirect" title="Maternal deaths">Maternal deaths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perinatal_mortality" title="Perinatal mortality">Perinatal mortality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stillbirths" class="mw-redirect" title="Stillbirths">Stillbirths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion" title="Abortion">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother-to-child_transmission" class="mw-redirect" title="Mother-to-child transmission">Mother-to-child transmission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_sterilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Human sterilization">Sterilization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compulsory_sterilization" title="Compulsory sterilization">Compulsory sterilization</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breastfeeding_and_mental_health" title="Breastfeeding and mental health">Breastfeeding and mental health</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F2D4CE;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Reproductive_life_plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Reproductive life plan">Reproductive <br />life plan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Infertility" title="Infertility">Infertility</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Childlessness" title="Childlessness">Childlessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assisted_reproductive_technology" title="Assisted reproductive technology">Assisted reproductive technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_vitro_fertilization" class="mw-redirect" title="In vitro fertilization">In vitro fertilization</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parenting" title="Parenting">Parenting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adoption" title="Adoption">Adoption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fostering" class="mw-redirect" title="Fostering">Fostering</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F2D4CE;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Contraception" class="mw-redirect" title="Contraception">Contraception</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Family_planning" title="Family planning">family planning</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intrauterine_device" title="Intrauterine device">Intrauterine devices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oral_contraceptive_pill" title="Oral contraceptive pill">Oral contraceptives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condom" title="Condom">Condoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Male_contraceptive" title="Male contraceptive">Male contraceptive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contraceptive_prevalence" class="mw-redirect" title="Contraceptive prevalence">Contraceptive prevalence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contraceptive_security" title="Contraceptive security">Contraceptive security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planned_parenthood" class="mw-redirect" title="Planned parenthood">Planned parenthood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fertility_awareness" title="Fertility awareness">Fertility awareness</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F2D4CE;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Menstruation" title="Menstruation">Menstruation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_and_menstruation" title="Culture and menstruation">Culture and menstruation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminine_hygiene" title="Feminine hygiene">Feminine hygiene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menarche" title="Menarche">Menarche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menstrual_cycle" title="Menstrual cycle">Menstrual cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menstrual_aids" class="mw-redirect" title="Menstrual aids">Menstrual aids</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cloth_menstrual_pad" title="Cloth menstrual pad">Cloth menstrual pad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menstrual_cup" title="Menstrual cup">Menstrual cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tampon" title="Tampon">Tampon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanitary_napkin" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanitary napkin">Sanitary pad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dysmenorrhea" title="Dysmenorrhea">Dysmenorrhea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menorrhagia" class="mw-redirect" title="Menorrhagia">Menorrhagia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenorrhoea" class="mw-redirect" title="Amenorrhoea">Amenorrhoea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menopause" title="Menopause">Menopause</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hormone_replacement_therapy" title="Hormone replacement therapy">Hormone replacement therapy</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F2D4CE;;width:1%">Sexual <br />health</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Sexually_transmittedinfections" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F2D4CE;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sexually_transmitted_infections" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexually transmitted infections">Sexually transmitted<br />infections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Safe_sex" title="Safe sex">Safe sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV" title="HIV">HIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_papilloma_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Human papilloma virus">Human papilloma virus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HPV_vaccine" title="HPV vaccine">HPV vaccine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelvic_inflammatory_disease" title="Pelvic inflammatory disease">Pelvic inflammatory disease</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Female_genital_mutilation" title="Female genital mutilation">Female genital mutilation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clitoridectomy" title="Clitoridectomy">Clitoridectomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infibulation" title="Infibulation">Infibulation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breast_binding" title="Breast binding">Breast binding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breast_health" class="mw-redirect" title="Breast health">Breast health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breast_ironing" title="Breast ironing">Breast ironing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_marriage" title="Child marriage">Child marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyspareunia" title="Dyspareunia">Dyspareunia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_marriage" title="Forced marriage">Forced marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gynaecological_disorders" class="mw-redirect" title="Gynaecological disorders">Gynaecological disorders</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vaginitis" title="Vaginitis">Vaginitis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leblouh" title="Leblouh">Leblouh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygamy" title="Polygamy">Polygamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_intercourse" title="Sexual intercourse">Sexual intercourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orgasm" title="Orgasm">Orgasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puberty" title="Puberty">Puberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_differences" class="mw-redirect" title="Sex differences">Sex differences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_education" title="Sex education">Sex education</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F2D4CE;;width:1%">Non-reproductive<br /> health</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Violence_against_women" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F2D4CE;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_women" title="Violence against women">Violence <br />against women</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abuse_during_childbirth" title="Abuse during childbirth">Abuse during childbirth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_violence" title="Domestic violence">Domestic violence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_violence_and_pregnancy" title="Domestic violence and pregnancy">Pregnancy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intimate_partner_violence" title="Intimate partner violence">Intimate partner violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misogyny" title="Misogyny">Misogyny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_harassment" title="Sexual harassment">Sexual harassment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_assault" title="Sexual assault">Sexual assault</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rape" title="Rape">Rape</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Femicide" title="Femicide">Femicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_discrimination" class="mw-redirect" title="Gender discrimination">Gender discrimination</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F2D4CE;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Non-communicable_diseases" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-communicable diseases">Non-communicable <br />diseases</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Cancer" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F2D4CE;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">Cancer</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lung_cancer" title="Lung cancer">Lung cancer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breast_cancer" title="Breast cancer">Breast cancer</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Uterine cancer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Endometrial_cancer" title="Endometrial cancer">Endometrial cancer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cervical_cancer" title="Cervical cancer">Cervical cancer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papanicolaou_test" class="mw-redirect" title="Papanicolaou test">Papanicolaou test</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovarian_cancer" title="Ovarian cancer">Ovarian cancer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardiovascular_disease" title="Cardiovascular disease">Cardiovascular disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dementia" title="Dementia">Dementia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alzheimer%27s_disease" title="Alzheimer's disease">Alzheimer's disease</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bone_health" title="Bone health">Bone health</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Osteoporosis" title="Osteoporosis">Osteoporosis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hip_fracture" title="Hip fracture">Hip fracture</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaemia" class="mw-redirect" title="Anaemia">Anaemia</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mental_health" title="Mental health">Mental health</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anxiety" title="Anxiety">Anxiety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Depression_(mood)" title="Depression (mood)">Depression</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Major_depressive_disorder" title="Major depressive disorder">Major depressive disorder</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urinary_tract" class="mw-redirect" title="Urinary tract">Urinary tract</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urethra" title="Urethra">Urethra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urinary_tract_infection" title="Urinary tract infection">Urinary tract infection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urinary_incontinence" title="Urinary incontinence">Urinary incontinence</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F2D4CE;;width:1%">Sociocultural <br />factors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty" title="Poverty">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disadvantaged" title="Disadvantaged">Disadvantaged</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_equality" title="Gender equality">Gender equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_inequality" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare inequality">Healthcare inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_disparities_in_health" title="Gender disparities in health">Gender disparities in health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_determinants_of_health" title="Social determinants of health">Social determinants of health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reproductive_justice" title="Reproductive justice">Reproductive justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_empowerment" title="Women's empowerment">Women's empowerment</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F2D4CE;;width:1%">Politics, research<br />and advocacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F2D4CE;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Convention_on_the_Elimination_of_All_Forms_of_Discrimination_against_Women" class="mw-redirect" title="The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women">The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_on_the_elimination_of_violence_against_women" class="mw-redirect" title="Declaration on the elimination of violence against women">Declaration on the elimination of violence against women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Day_of_the_Girl_Child" title="International Day of the Girl Child">International Day of the Girl Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commission_on_the_Status_of_Women" class="mw-redirect" title="Commission on the Status of Women">Commission on the Status of Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UN_Women" title="UN Women">UN Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F2D4CE;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Research_on_Women%27s_Health" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of Research on Women's Health">Office of Research on Women's Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Health_Initiative" title="Women's Health Initiative">Women's Health Initiative</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Center_for_Research_on_Women" title="International Center for 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