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class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Geboorte</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geboorte-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nederdaling_op_de_wereld" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nederdaling_op_de_wereld"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Nederdaling op de wereld</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nederdaling_op_de_wereld-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Andere_mythologische_associaties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Andere_mythologische_associaties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Andere mythologische associaties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Andere_mythologische_associaties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rig_Veda" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rig_Veda"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Rig Veda</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rig_Veda-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iconografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iconografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Iconografie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iconografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voetnoten" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voetnoten"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Voetnoten</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voetnoten-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatuur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatuur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Literatuur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatuur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externe_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externe_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Externe links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externe_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ganga (godin)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 39 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-39" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">39 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D9%86%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="غنغان – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غنغان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جنجان – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جنجان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A7%B1%E0%A7%80" title="গংগা দেৱী – Assamees" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="গংগা দেৱী" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganga" title="Ganga – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Ganga" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE" title="हिंदू धर्म में गंगा – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="हिंदू धर्म में गंगा" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE_(%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%80)" title="গঙ্গা (দেবী) – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গঙ্গা (দেবী)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganga_(deessa)" title="Ganga (deessa) – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ganga (deessa)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A8ng-%C3%B2%CC%A4_N%E1%B9%B3%CC%84-s%C3%ACng" title="Hèng-ò̤ Nṳ̄-sìng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Hèng-ò̤ Nṳ̄-sìng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganga" title="Ganga – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ganga" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganga_(goddess)" title="Ganga (goddess) – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ganga (goddess)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganga" title="Ganga – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ganga" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganga_(diosa)" title="Ganga (diosa) – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ganga (diosa)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganga" title="Ganga – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ganga" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganga_(d%C3%A9esse)" title="Ganga (déesse) – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ganga (déesse)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80" title="गंगा देवी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="गंगा देवी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangga_(dewi)" title="Gangga (dewi) – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gangga (dewi)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AC%E3%83%BC" title="ガンガー – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ガンガー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangga_(Hindhu)" title="Gangga (Hindhu) – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Gangga (Hindhu)" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%87%E2%80%8B%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9F%82%E2%80%8B%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B6" title="ព្រះម៉ែគង្គា – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ព្រះម៉ែគង្គា" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%BE_(%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%86)" title="ಗಂಗಾ (ದೇವತೆ) – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಗಂಗಾ (ದೇವತೆ)" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%95%EA%B0%80_(%EC%97%AC%EC%8B%A0)" title="강가 (여신) – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="강가 (여신)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%A1%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%B2" title="ພະແມ່ຄົງຄາ – Laotiaans" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ພະແມ່ຄົງຄາ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Laotiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganga_(deiv%C4%97)" title="Ganga (deivė) – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ganga (deivė)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE_(%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80)" title="गङ्गा (देवी) – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="गङ्गा (देवी)" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF" title="ഗംഗാദേവി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗംഗാദേവി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%AA%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%A5_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%A2%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%9D%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%A4" title="ꯒꯪꯒꯥ ꯂꯥꯢꯔꯦꯝꯕꯤ – Meitei" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯒꯪꯒꯥ ꯂꯥꯢꯔꯦꯝꯕꯤ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Meitei" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%97%E0%AC%99%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%97%E0%AC%BE_(%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A6%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%A7%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%87)" title="ଗଙ୍ଗା (ହିନ୍ଦୁଧର୍ମରେ) – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଗଙ୍ଗା (ହିନ୍ଦୁଧର୍ମରେ)" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BE_(%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80)" title="ਗੰਗਾ (ਦੇਵੀ) – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਗੰਗਾ (ਦੇਵੀ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganga_(bogini)" title="Ganga (bogini) – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ganga (bogini)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganga_(deusa_hindu)" title="Ganga (deusa hindu) – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ganga (deusa hindu)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Ганга в индуизме – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ганга в индуизме" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganga_(goddess)" title="Ganga (goddess) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ganga (goddess)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88_(%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D)" title="கங்கை (இந்து மதம்) – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கங்கை (இந்து மதம்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2" title="พระแม่คงคา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พระแม่คงคา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D3%99_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Һинд динендә Ганга – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Һинд динендә Ганга" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%90%D0%B0%D0%BD%D2%91%D0%B0_(%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%97%D0%B7%D0%BC)" title="Ґанґа (індуїзм) – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ґанґа (індуїзм)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88_%D9%85%D8%AA_%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%BA_%DA%AF%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7" title="ہندو مت میں گنگا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ہندو مت میں گنگا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganga" title="Ganga – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ganga" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%81%92%E6%B2%B3%E5%A5%B3%E7%A5%9E" title="恒河女神 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="恒河女神" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" 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lang="nl" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Ganga.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Ganga.jpg/260px-Ganga.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/Ganga.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="329" data-file-height="294" /></a><figcaption>Tekening van de godin Ganga op haar <a href="/wiki/Vahana" title="Vahana">Vahana</a> (rijdier) <a href="/wiki/Makara" title="Makara">Makara</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Deep_in_water.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Deep_in_water.jpg/260px-Deep_in_water.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Deep_in_water.jpg/390px-Deep_in_water.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Deep_in_water.jpg/520px-Deep_in_water.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="477" /></a><figcaption>In de <a href="/wiki/Ganges_(rivier)" title="Ganges (rivier)">Ganges</a> reinigen <a href="/wiki/Hindoes" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindoes">hindoes</a> hun ziel</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Ganga</b> (<a href="/wiki/Sanskriet" title="Sanskriet">Sanskriet</a> en <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> गंगा <i>Gaṅgā</i>) is in het <a href="/wiki/Hindoe%C3%AFsme" title="Hindoeïsme">hindoeïsme</a> de riviergodin van de Ganges met de functie van een <a href="/wiki/Moedergodin" title="Moedergodin">Moedergodin</a>. In het <a href="/wiki/Hindoe%C3%AFsme" title="Hindoeïsme">hindoeïsme</a> wordt de Ganga rivier of <a href="/wiki/Ganges_(rivier)" title="Ganges (rivier)">Ganges</a> als sacraal gezien. Zij wordt vereerd en gepersonifieerd als de <a href="/wiki/Godin" title="Godin">godin</a> Ganga, die een belangrijke plaats inneemt in het Hindoe geloof. Hindoes geloven dat baden in deze rivier bij bepaalde gelegenheden de zonden wegwast en bevrijding vergemakkelijkt. </p><p>Velen geloven dat dit effect ook wordt bereikt door baden op eender welk moment in de Ganges. Men komt van heinde en ver om de as van dierbare overledenen in het water van de Ganges te verstrooien. Ook deze onderdompeling wordt als heilzaam beschouwd, omdat men gelooft dat de assen op die manier naar de hemel gaan. Er liggen veel voor de hindoes sacrale plaatsen aan de oevers van de Ganges, zoals <a href="/wiki/Haridwar_(stad)" title="Haridwar (stad)">Haridwar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Allahabad_(stad)" class="mw-redirect" title="Allahabad (stad)">Allahabad</a> en <a href="/wiki/Benares_(stad)" title="Benares (stad)">Benares</a> (Varanasi). Zo'n 70 miljoen hindoes kwamen bijeen in <a href="/wiki/Kumbh_Mela" title="Kumbh Mela">Kumbh Mela</a> in een van de heilige steden <a href="/wiki/Prayagraj_(stad)" title="Prayagraj (stad)">Prayaga</a> (ook bekend als Allahabad) in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> om van haar gunsten gebruik te maken. Zij wordt ook <i>Gangama</i> genoemd, 'Moeder Ganga'. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geboorte">Geboorte</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ganga_(godin)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Geboorte" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ganga_(godin)&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Geboorte"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Er zijn meerdere versies van het hindoeïsme die de geboorte van Ganga verhalen. Volgens een versie werd het sacrale water in <a href="/wiki/Brahma_(hindoe%C3%AFsme)" title="Brahma (hindoeïsme)">Brahma</a>'s <i>Kamandalu</i> (waterketel) gepersonifieerd als een meisje, Ganga. Volgens een andere (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaishnavite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vaishnavite (de pagina bestaat niet)">Vaishnavite</a>) legende had Brahma eerbiedig de voeten van <a href="/wiki/Vishnoe" class="mw-redirect" title="Vishnoe">Vishnoe</a> gewassen en dat water in zijn <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamandalu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kamandalu (de pagina bestaat niet)">Kamandalu</a></i> verzameld. Volgens nog een andere versie was Ganga de dochter van <a href="/w/index.php?title=Himavan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Himavan (de pagina bestaat niet)">Himavan</a>, koning van de bergen, en zijn echtgenote <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mena_(godin)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mena (godin) (de pagina bestaat niet)">Mena</a>. Zij was dus de zuster van de godin <a href="/wiki/Parvati" title="Parvati">Parvati</a>. In elke versie wordt verteld dat zij opgroeide in de hemel, onder <a href="/wiki/Voogd_(familierecht)" title="Voogd (familierecht)">voogdij</a> van Brahma. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nederdaling_op_de_wereld">Nederdaling op de wereld</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ganga_(godin)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Nederdaling op de wereld" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ganga_(godin)&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Nederdaling op de wereld"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Ganga_Mahabalipuram.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Ganga_Mahabalipuram.jpg/260px-Ganga_Mahabalipuram.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="360" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Ganga_Mahabalipuram.jpg/390px-Ganga_Mahabalipuram.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Ganga_Mahabalipuram.jpg/520px-Ganga_Mahabalipuram.jpg 2x" data-file-width="779" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>"<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhagiratha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bhagiratha (de pagina bestaat niet)">Bhagiratha</a>'s boetedoening", Reliëf uit <a href="/wiki/Mahabalipuram" title="Mahabalipuram">Mahabalipuram</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Vele jaren later gebeurde het dat een koning, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sagara_(hindoe%C3%AFsme)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sagara (hindoeïsme) (de pagina bestaat niet)">Sagara</a> genaamd, op magische wijze zestigduizend zonen kreeg. Op een dag hield koning Sagara een ritueel voor gunstig gevolg op het koninkrijk. Een integraal onderdeel van dat ritueel was een paard, maar dat was door een jaloerse <a href="/wiki/Indra_(mythologie)" class="mw-redirect" title="Indra (mythologie)">Indra</a> gestolen. Sagar zond toen al zijn zonen uit om overal ter wereld dat paard te zoeken. Ze vonden het in de <a href="/wiki/Onderwereld_(mythologie)" title="Onderwereld (mythologie)">onderwereld</a> in de nabijheid van de mediterende wijze <a href="/wiki/Kapila" title="Kapila">Kapila</a>. Omdat ze dachten dat deze wijze het paard had gestolen slingerden ze hem verwijten naar het hoofd en verstoorden zo zijn geestelijke oefening. De wijze opende de ogen voor het eerst sedert vele jaren en keek de zonen van Sagara aan. Door die aanblik verbrandden zij alle zestigduizend en verdwenen. </p><p>De zielen van de zonen van Sagara dwaalden voort als geesten, omdat hun eindriten niet waren voltrokken. Toen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhagiratha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bhagiratha (de pagina bestaat niet)">Bhagiratha</a>, een van de afstammelingen van Sagara, de zoon van <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dilip&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dilip (de pagina bestaat niet)">Dilip</a>, dit noodlottig gebeuren vernam, zwoer hij dat hij Ganga zou neerhalen naar de wereld, opdat het water hun zielen zou reinigen en hen verlossen om ten hemel te gaan. Bhagiratha bad tot Brahma dat Ganga ter aarde zou neerdalen. Brahma stemde daarmee in en hij beval Ganga op de wereld neer te dalen en dan naar de uiterste streken door te stromen zodat de zielen van Bhagiratha's voorouders ten hemel zouden kunnen rijzen. De ijdele Ganga voelde dit bevel als een belediging aan en besloot de hele wereld weg te spoelen, als ze van de hemel stroomde. Verschrikt bad Baghiratha toen tot <a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a> om de val van Ganga's afdaling te stuiten. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Ravi_Varma-Descent_of_Ganga.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Ravi_Varma-Descent_of_Ganga.jpg/260px-Ravi_Varma-Descent_of_Ganga.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="357" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Ravi_Varma-Descent_of_Ganga.jpg/390px-Ravi_Varma-Descent_of_Ganga.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Ravi_Varma-Descent_of_Ganga.jpg/520px-Ravi_Varma-Descent_of_Ganga.jpg 2x" data-file-width="582" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Afdaling van Ganga</figcaption></figure> <p>Ganga viel arrogant op Shiva's hoofd neer. Maar Shiva ving haar op met zijn haar en liet haar daarmee in dunne stroompjes uitstromen. De aanraking met Shiva maakte Ganga sacraler gezegend. En terwijl Ganga door de benedenwereld vloeide schiep zij een andere stroom om op aarde te blijven en om de ongelukkige zielen daar te helpen reinigen. Het is de enige rivier die haar stroom in de drie werelden vervolgt <a href="/w/index.php?title=Svarga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Svarga (de pagina bestaat niet)">Svarga</a> (hemel), <a href="/wiki/P%E1%B9%9Bthiv%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pṛthivī">Pṛthivī</a> (aarde) en, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Naraka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naraka (de pagina bestaat niet)">Patala</a> (onderwereld of hel). Daarom wordt zij "Tripathagā" genoemd (iemand die de drie werelden doorreist in het <a href="/wiki/Sanskriet" title="Sanskriet">Sanskriet</a>). </p><p>Het was dus aan Bagiratha te danken dat Ganga op de wereld kwam, daarom wordt de rivier ook Bhagirathi genoemd, en wordt de uitdrukking "Bhagirath prayatna" gebruikt om een waardevolle en moeilijke opdracht uit te drukken. </p><p>Een andere naam die Ganga wordt gegeven is <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jahnavi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jahnavi (de pagina bestaat niet)">Jahnavi</a>. Het verhaal ging dat eens toen Ganga op de wereld kwam op weg naar Bhagiratha haar voortrazende wateren turbulenties veroorzaakten waarmee zij de velden en de <a href="/wiki/Sadhana" title="Sadhana">sadhana</a> van de wijze <a href="/wiki/Rishi" title="Rishi">rishi</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jahnu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jahnu (de pagina bestaat niet)">Jahnu</a> vernielde. Hij was boos en dronk toen al het water van Ganga op. Toen smeekten de goden Jahnu om Ganga weer los te laten om haar missie voort te zetten. Vereerd door die smeekbeden liet Jahnu toen Ganga's wateren weer los vanuit zijn oren. Vandaar de naam 'Dochter van Jahnu' voor Ganga. </p><p>Soms gelooft men dat de rivier ooit zal opdrogen aan het eind van <a href="/wiki/Kali_yuga" title="Kali yuga">Kali yuga</a> (het era van duisternis, huidige periode) net als met de <a href="/wiki/Sarasvati_(rivier)" title="Sarasvati (rivier)">Sarasvati (rivier)</a> is gebeurd, en dat dit tijdperk dan zal eindigen. Vervolgens komt het <a href="/wiki/Satya_yuga" title="Satya yuga">Satya yuga</a> of het tijdperk van de waarheid. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Andere_mythologische_associaties">Andere mythologische associaties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ganga_(godin)&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Andere mythologische associaties" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ganga_(godin)&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Andere mythologische associaties"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Volgens hindoegeschriften als de <a href="/wiki/Murugan" title="Murugan">Skanda</a> <a href="/wiki/Purana" class="mw-redirect" title="Purana">Purana</a> was de Gangagodin voedstermoeder van <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karttikeya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karttikeya (de pagina bestaat niet)">Karttikeya</a> (<a href="/wiki/Murugan" title="Murugan">Murugan</a>), een zoon was van <a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a> en <a href="/wiki/Parvati" title="Parvati">Parvati</a>. </p><p>Volgens <a href="/wiki/Brahma_(hindoe%C3%AFsme)" title="Brahma (hindoeïsme)">Brahma</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaivarta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vaivarta (de pagina bestaat niet)">Vaivarta</a> <a href="/wiki/Purana" class="mw-redirect" title="Purana">Purana</a> 2.6.13-95 heeft <a href="/wiki/Vishnoe" class="mw-redirect" title="Vishnoe">Vishnoe</a> drie vrouwen, die constant aan het ruziën zijn, wat hem doet besluiten er uiteindelijk nog een te houden, <a href="/wiki/Lakshmi" title="Lakshmi">Lakshmi</a>, en Ganga aan Shiva en <a href="/wiki/Sarasvati_(godin)" title="Sarasvati (godin)">Sarasvati</a> aan <a href="/wiki/Brahma_(hindoe%C3%AFsme)" title="Brahma (hindoeïsme)">Brahma</a> te geven. </p><p>Het hindoe-epos <a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a> zegt dat de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vasu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vasu (de pagina bestaat niet)">Vasus</a>, na een banvloek van <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vashishta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vashishta (de pagina bestaat niet)">Vashishta</a> Ganga had den gevraagd om hun moeder te zijn. Ganga incarneerde en werd de vrouw van koning <a href="/w/index.php?title=Santanu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Santanu (de pagina bestaat niet)">Santanu</a>, op voorwaarde dat er nooit naar haar handelwijze zou worden gevraagd of ze zou hem weer verlaten. De zeven Vasus, die een na een geboren werden, verdronk Ganga in haar eigen wateren en bevrijdde hen aldus van hun straf. De koning maakte geen bezwaar. Maar toen het achtste kind geboren werd en zij hetzelfde wilde doen, maakte de koning bezwaar en zij verliet hem. De achtste zoon <a href="/wiki/Dyaus" class="mw-redirect" title="Dyaus">Dyaus</a> incarneerde dus en bleef in leven, gevangen in een sterfelijke vorm. Hij werd nadien bekend als <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhisma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bhisma (de pagina bestaat niet)">Bhisma</a></i> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Devavrata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Devavrata (de pagina bestaat niet)">Devavrata</a>), een van de meest gerespecteerde helden uit de Mahabharata. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rig_Veda">Rig Veda</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ganga_(godin)&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Rig Veda" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ganga_(godin)&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Rig Veda"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ganga wordt uitdrukkelijk vernoemd in de <a href="/wiki/Rig_Veda" class="mw-redirect" title="Rig Veda">Rig Veda</a>, het oudste en naar wordt aangenomen ook heiligste van de hindoegeschriften. Ganga wordt vermeld in de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nadistuti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nadistuti (de pagina bestaat niet)">nadistuti</a> (Rig Veda 10.75), waar de rivieren van oost naar west worden opgesomd. In RV 6.45.31, wordt ook het woord Ganga vernoemd, al is het niet duidelijk of dit met referentie naar de rivier is. </p><p>RV 3.58.6 zegt: "uw oeroude thuis, uw zegenende gunstige vriendschap, o helden, uw weelde, ligt aan de oevers van de Jahnavi (JahnAvyAm)". Dit vers zou mogelijk naar de Ganga verwijzen.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In RV 1.116.18-19, komt de Jahnavi en de Gangetische dolfijn in twee opeenvolgende verzen voor.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Iconografie">Iconografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ganga_(godin)&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Iconografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ganga_(godin)&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Iconografie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In de <a href="/wiki/Canon_(cultuur)" title="Canon (cultuur)">canons</a> van <a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiase_kunst&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indiase kunst (de pagina bestaat niet)">Indiase kunst</a> wordt Ganga voorgesteld als een voluptueuze mooie vrouw, die een overstromende kruik in de hand houdt. Deze duidt op de overvloed van leven en vruchtbaarheid van de natuur, waarmee het hele universum wordt onderhouden en gevoed. </p><p>Een tweede hoofdaspect van de <a href="/wiki/Iconografie" title="Iconografie">iconografie</a> van Ganga is het dier dat zij bestijgt, dat vaak wordt voorgesteld als een <a href="/wiki/Pilaster" title="Pilaster">pilastervoetstuk</a> voor haar. Het is de <a href="/wiki/Makara" title="Makara">Makara</a>, een hybridisch schepsel met het lichaam van een krokodil en de staart van een vis. In het hindoeïsme komt de makara als sterrenteken overeen met dat van de <a href="/wiki/Kreeft_(sterrenbeeld)" title="Kreeft (sterrenbeeld)">Kreeft</a> in de westerse astrologie. </p><p>De makara is ook het rijdier van de Vedische godheid van de wateren, <a href="/wiki/Varuna_(god)" title="Varuna (god)">Varuna</a>, waarmee de Vedische wortels van de Ganga godin stevig gevestigd blijken. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voetnoten">Voetnoten</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ganga_(godin)&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Voetnoten" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ganga_(godin)&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Voetnoten"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Talageri, Shrikant. (2000) "<i>The Rigveda: A Historical Analysis</i>"; Talageri, S.: "<i>Michael Witzel - An examination of his review of my book</i>". --Griffith vertaalt JahnAvyAm in dit vers als "huis van Jahnu", al gebruikt hij in gelijkaardige verzen het "aan de oevers van een rivier" (zie Talageri 2000)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Talageri, Shrikant. (2000) "<i>The Rigveda: A Historical Analysis</i>".; Talageri, S.: "<i>Michael Witzel - An examination of his review of my book</i>" 2001.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">De Sanskrietterm <i>shimshumara</i> refereert aan de Gangetische dolfijn (de Sanskrietterm voor <a href="/wiki/Dolfijnen" title="Dolfijnen">dolfijn</a> is <i>shishula</i>). Talageri 2000, 2001</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatuur">Literatuur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ganga_(godin)&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Literatuur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ganga_(godin)&action=edit&section=7" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Literatuur"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Vijay Singh: <i>Een Godin Wordt Een Rivier</i> (Zwijsen, Holland 1994) / <i>The River Goddess</i> (Moonlight Publishing, London, 1994) / <i>La Déesse qui devint Fleuve</i> (Gallimard Jeunesse, France 1993)/, <i>Die Göttin, die sich in einen Fluss verwandelt</i> (Kaufmann-Klett, Germany 1994).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externe_links">Externe links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ganga_(godin)&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Externe links" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ganga_(godin)&action=edit&section=8" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Externe links"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sanatansociety.org/indian_epics_and_stories/the_life_of_ganga.htm">The Life Of Ganga</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071029044952/http://www.hinduism.co.za/sacred.htm#By%20holding%20that%20sacred%20stream,%20touching%20it,%20and%20bathing%20in%20its%20waters,%20one%20rescues%20one’s%20ancestors%20to%20the%20seventh%20generation.">Sacred Ganga</a></li> <li><a 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data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="Godheden_en_teksten_binnen_het_hindoeïsme" class="navigatie-titel">Godheden en teksten binnen het <a href="/wiki/Hindoe%C3%AFsme" title="Hindoeïsme">hindoeïsme</a></div> <div class="navigatie-afb-groot noviewer"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:HinduSwastika.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="HindoeSwastika"><img alt="HindoeSwastika" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/HinduSwastika.svg/30px-HinduSwastika.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/HinduSwastika.svg/45px-HinduSwastika.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/HinduSwastika.svg/60px-HinduSwastika.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="142" data-file-height="145" /></a></span></div> <div class="navigatie-inhoud"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67785531">.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel{margin:0 auto 0 auto;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .links{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .rechts{padding-left:0.5em}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel tr{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr;width:100%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel tr:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .links{text-align:unset}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .rechts{padding:unset}}</style><table class="navigatie-tabel vatop" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style=""><tbody><tr><td class="links" style=""><b><a href="/wiki/Godin" title="Godin">Godinnen</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Aditi" title="Aditi">Aditi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Danu_(hindoe%C3%AFsme)" title="Danu (hindoeïsme)">Danu</a> · <a href="/wiki/Dakshayani" title="Dakshayani">Dakshayani</a> · <a href="/wiki/Devi_(hindoe%C3%AFsme)" title="Devi (hindoeïsme)">Devi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Durga" title="Durga">Durga</a> · <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ganga</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gayatri" title="Gayatri">Gayatri</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kali_(godin)" title="Kali (godin)">Kali</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lakshmi" title="Lakshmi">Lakshmi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mahavidya" title="Mahavidya">Mahavidya</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mariamman" title="Mariamman">Mariamman</a> · <a href="/wiki/Minakshi" title="Minakshi">Minakshi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Parvati" title="Parvati">Parvati</a> · <a href="/wiki/Radha" title="Radha">Radha</a> · <a href="/wiki/Saptamatrika" title="Saptamatrika">Saptamatrika</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sarasvati_(godin)" title="Sarasvati (godin)">Sarasvati</a> · <a href="/wiki/Shakti" title="Shakti">Shakti</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sita_(godin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sita (godin)">Sita</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/God_(algemeen)" title="God (algemeen)">Goden</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Aditya" title="Aditya">Aditya</a> · <a href="/wiki/Agni" title="Agni">Agni</a> · <a href="/wiki/Aryaman" title="Aryaman">Aryaman</a> · <a href="/wiki/Brahma_(hindoe%C3%AFsme)" title="Brahma (hindoeïsme)">Brahma</a> · <a href="/wiki/Deva_(godheid)" title="Deva (godheid)">Deva</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ganesha" title="Ganesha">Ganesha</a> · <a href="/wiki/Hanoeman" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanoeman">Hanoeman</a> · <a href="/wiki/Indra_(mythologie)" class="mw-redirect" title="Indra (mythologie)">Indra</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kalkin_(hindoe%C3%AFsme)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalkin (hindoeïsme)">Kalkin</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kasyapa_(hindoe%C3%AFsme)" title="Kasyapa (hindoeïsme)">Kashyapa</a> · <a href="/wiki/Krishna_(god)" class="mw-redirect" title="Krishna (god)">Krishna</a> · <a href="/wiki/Marichi" title="Marichi">Marichi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mithra_(god)" title="Mithra (god)">Mitra</a> · <a href="/wiki/Murugan" title="Murugan">Murugan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Narayana" title="Narayana">Narayana</a> · <a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Rama</a> · <a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a> · <a href="/wiki/Surya" title="Surya">Surya</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tandava" title="Tandava">Tandava</a> · <a href="/wiki/Varuna_(god)" title="Varuna (god)">Varuna</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vayu" title="Vayu">Vayu</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b>Overig:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Asura_(hindoe%C3%AFsme)" title="Asura (hindoeïsme)">Asura</a> · <a href="/wiki/Garoeda" title="Garoeda">Garoeda</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ishvara" title="Ishvara">Ishvara</a> · <a href="/wiki/Koerma" title="Koerma">Koerma</a> · <a href="/wiki/Manu_(mythologie)" class="mw-redirect" title="Manu (mythologie)">Manu</a> · <a href="/wiki/Matsya" title="Matsya">Matsya</a> · <a href="/wiki/Naga_(bovennatuurlijk_wezen)" title="Naga (bovennatuurlijk wezen)">Naga</a> · <a href="/wiki/Purusa" title="Purusa">Purusha</a> · <a href="/wiki/Trimurti" title="Trimurti">Trimurti</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vim%C4%81na" title="Vimāna">Vimāna</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vishvarupa" title="Vishvarupa">Vishvarupa</a> · <a href="/wiki/Yaksha_(god)" title="Yaksha (god)">Yaksha</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b>Teksten:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Bhagavad Gita</a> · <a href="/wiki/Devi_Mahatmya" title="Devi Mahatmya">Devi Mahatmya</a> · <a href="/wiki/Itihasa" title="Itihasa">Itihasa</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a> · <a href="/wiki/Rigveda" title="Rigveda">Rig-Veda</a> · <a href="/wiki/Purana%27s" title="Purana's">Purana's</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a> · <a href="/wiki/Upanishad" title="Upanishad">Upanishads</a> · <a href="/wiki/Veda%27s" title="Veda's">Veda's</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" 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