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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exile"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Exile</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exile-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bishop_of_London" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bishop_of_London"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Bishop of London</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bishop_of_London-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Archbishop_of_York" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Archbishop_of_York"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Archbishop of York</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Archbishop_of_York-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Archbishop_of_Canterbury" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Archbishop_of_Canterbury"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Archbishop of Canterbury</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Archbishop_of_Canterbury-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" 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interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%93%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Эдмунд Грындал – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Эдмунд Грындал" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Grindal" title="Edmund Grindal – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Edmund Grindal" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Grindal" title="Edmund Grindal – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Edmund Grindal" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%90%EB%93%9C%EB%A8%BC%EB%93%9C_%EA%B7%B8%EB%A6%B0%EB%93%A4" title="에드먼드 그린들 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="에드먼드 그린들" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Grindal" title="Edmund Grindal – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Edmund Grindal" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Grindal" title="Edmund Grindal – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Edmund Grindal" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmundus_Grendalus" title="Edmundus Grendalus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Edmundus Grendalus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%89%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80%E3%83%AB" title="エドマンド・グリンダル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エドマンド・グリンダル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB,_%D0%AD%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Гриндал, Эдмунд – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гриндал, Эдмунд" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Grindal" title="Edmund Grindal – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Edmund Grindal" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Grindal" title="Edmund Grindal – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Edmund Grindal" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Archbishop of Canterbury from 1576 to 1583</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above n" style="font-size:125%;color: #202122; background-color: #DFB0DF;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;display:inline;"><a href="/wiki/The_Most_Reverend" title="The Most Reverend">The Most Reverend</a></div><br /><div style="display:inline" class="fn">Edmund Grindal</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader role"><a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">Archbishop of Canterbury</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Edmund_Grindal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Edmund_Grindal.jpg/220px-Edmund_Grindal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Edmund_Grindal.jpg/330px-Edmund_Grindal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Edmund_Grindal.jpg/440px-Edmund_Grindal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1500" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Church</th><td class="infobox-data org"><a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Diocese</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Canterbury" title="Diocese of Canterbury">Canterbury</a></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">In office</th><td class="infobox-data">1576–1583</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Parker" title="Matthew Parker">Matthew Parker</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Whitgift" title="John Whitgift">John Whitgift</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background-color:#DDDDDD;">Orders</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Consecration</th><td class="infobox-data">21 December 1559<br />by <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Parker" title="Matthew Parker">Matthew Parker</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background-color:#DDDDDD;">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1519<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/St_Bees" title="St Bees">St Bees</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cumberland" title="Cumberland">Cumberland</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">6 July 1583 (aged 63-64)<br /><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Buried</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Croydon" title="Croydon">Croydon</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Christ%27s_College,_Cambridge" title="Christ's College, Cambridge">Christ's College, Cambridge</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Edmund_Grindal_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Edmund Grindal's signature"><img alt="Edmund Grindal's signature" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Edmund_Grindal_Signature.svg/130px-Edmund_Grindal_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Edmund_Grindal_Signature.svg/195px-Edmund_Grindal_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Edmund_Grindal_Signature.svg/260px-Edmund_Grindal_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1185" data-file-height="405" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Edmund Grindal</b> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1519 – 6 July 1583) was <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_London" title="Bishop of London">Bishop of London</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_York" title="Archbishop of York">Archbishop of York</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">Archbishop of Canterbury</a> during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I" title="Elizabeth I">Elizabeth I</a>. Though born far from the centres of political and religious power, he had risen rapidly in the church during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Edward_VI" title="Edward VI">Edward VI</a>, culminating in his nomination as Bishop of London. However, the death of the King prevented his taking up the post, and along with other <a href="/wiki/Marian_exiles" title="Marian exiles">Marian exiles</a>, he was a supporter of <a href="/wiki/Calvinist" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinist">Calvinist</a> <a href="/wiki/Puritanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Puritanism">Puritanism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Grindal sought refuge in <a href="/wiki/Continental_Europe" title="Continental Europe">continental Europe</a> during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Mary_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary I">Mary I</a>. Upon Elizabeth's accession, Grindal returned and resumed his rise in the church, culminating in his appointment to the highest office. </p><p>The late 16th century was a time of great change in the English church, following the <a href="/wiki/Elizabethan_settlement" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabethan settlement">Elizabethan settlement</a>. Although Grindal historically was not regarded as a particularly notable church leader, his reputation has been revived by modern critical scholarship, which maintains he had the support of his fellow <a href="/wiki/Bishops" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishops">bishops</a> and set the course for the development of the English Church in the early 17th century. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grindal%27s_birthplace.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Grindal%27s_birthplace.JPG/220px-Grindal%27s_birthplace.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Grindal%27s_birthplace.JPG/330px-Grindal%27s_birthplace.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Grindal%27s_birthplace.JPG/440px-Grindal%27s_birthplace.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1538" data-file-height="1150" /></a><figcaption>Edmund Grindal's birthplace, Cross Hill House, St Bees, Cumbria</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_to_the_death_of_Edward_VI">Early life to the death of Edward VI</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmund_Grindal&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life to the death of Edward VI"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tradition, as retailed by Grindal's biographer <a href="/wiki/John_Strype" title="John Strype">John Strype</a>, had long held that Grindal was born in Hensingham, now a suburb of <a href="/wiki/Whitehaven" title="Whitehaven">Whitehaven</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However modern scholarship has shown that his birthplace was in fact Cross Hill House, <a href="/wiki/St_Bees" title="St Bees">St Bees</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cumberland,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Cumberland, England">Cumberland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Grindal himself described his birthplace in a letter to <a href="/wiki/Sir_William_Cecil" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir William Cecil">Sir William Cecil</a>, Elizabeth I's Secretary of State: "the house wherein I was born, and the lands pertaining thereto, being a small matter, under twenty shillings rent, but well builded at the charges of my father and brother": which corresponds to Cross Hill House. This has been proven by the discovery of the long-mislaid St. Bees long leases, which have provided the missing link in the chain of ownership back to William Grindal, Edmund's father, a farmer in the village.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Grindal's exact date of birth is uncertain, but is c. 1519. </p><p>His education may have started with the monks at the nearby <a href="/wiki/St_Bees_Priory" title="St Bees Priory">St Bees Priory</a>, though this is not recorded. It is believed by Collinson<sup id="cite_ref-collinson_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-collinson-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that both Grindal and <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Sandys_(bishop)" title="Edwin Sandys (bishop)">Edwin Sandys</a> shared a childhood, quite probably in St Bees. Sandys himself recalled that he and Grindal had lived "familiarly" and "as brothers" and were only separated between Sandys's 13th and 18th Years. It is thought likely that Sandys grew up at nearby Rottington. Edwin Sandys kept one step behind Grindal in their subsequent careers, succeeding him as bishop of London, and then as archbishop of York. Whatever the place of early education, it is known that the <a href="/wiki/Marian_martyrs" class="mw-redirect" title="Marian martyrs">Marian martyr</a> John Bland was the schoolmaster of Sandys,<sup id="cite_ref-collinson_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-collinson-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> so it is likely he would also have taught Grindal. </p><p>Grindal was educated at <a href="/wiki/Magdalene_College,_Cambridge" title="Magdalene College, Cambridge">Magdalene</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christ%27s_College,_Cambridge" title="Christ's College, Cambridge">Christ's</a> colleges and then at <a href="/wiki/Pembroke_College,_Cambridge" title="Pembroke College, Cambridge">Pembroke Hall, Cambridge</a>, where he graduated BA and was elected a fellow in 1538.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Having obtained his MA in 1541, he was ordained deacon in 1544, appointed proctor in 1550 and was Lady Margaret preacher 1548–1549. Probably through the influence of <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Ridley_(martyr)" title="Nicholas Ridley (martyr)">Nicholas Ridley</a>, who had been master of Pembroke Hall, Grindal was selected as one of the Protestant disputants during the visitation of 1549. He had a talent for this work and was often given similar tasks.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPollard1911604_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPollard1911604-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When Ridley became Bishop of London, he made Grindal one of his chaplains and gave him the <a href="/wiki/Precentor" title="Precentor">precentorship</a> of <a href="/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Cathedral" title="St Paul's Cathedral">St Paul's Cathedral</a>. Grindal was soon promoted to be one of King <a href="/wiki/Edward_VI_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward VI of England">Edward VI</a>'s chaplains and <a href="/wiki/Prebendary" title="Prebendary">prebendary</a> of <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster</a>, and in October 1552 was one of six to whom the <a href="/wiki/Forty-Two_Articles" class="mw-redirect" title="Forty-Two Articles">Forty-Two Articles</a> were submitted for examination before being sanctioned by the <a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Privy Council of the United Kingdom">Privy Council</a>. According to <a href="/wiki/John_Knox" title="John Knox">John Knox</a>, Grindal distinguished himself from most of the court preachers in 1553 by denouncing the worldliness of courtiers and foretelling the evils that would follow the king's death.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPollard1911604_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPollard1911604-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Grindal benefited greatly from the patronage of Ridley and Sir William Cecil during this period, to the extent that on 11 June 1553 he was nominated to be bishop of London.<sup id="cite_ref-collinson_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-collinson-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, only a month later Edward VI was dead, and very soon Catholicism would return under <a href="/wiki/Mary_I_of_England" title="Mary I of England">Mary I</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Exile">Exile</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmund_Grindal&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Exile"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although Grindal was not politically compromised by the events surrounding the accession of Mary I in October 1553, he had resigned his Westminster prebend by 10 May 1554, and made his way to <a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a> as one of the <a href="/wiki/Marian_exiles" title="Marian exiles">Marian exiles</a>. In 1554 he was in <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a>, where he tried to settle the disputes between the "<a href="/wiki/Richard_Cox_(bishop)" title="Richard Cox (bishop)">Coxians</a>", who regarded the 1552 Prayer Book as the perfection of reform, and the "<a href="/wiki/John_Knox" title="John Knox">Knoxians</a>", who wanted further simplification.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPollard1911605_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPollard1911605-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bishop_of_London">Bishop of London</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmund_Grindal&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Bishop of London"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grindal_Arms.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Grindal_Arms.svg/220px-Grindal_Arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Grindal_Arms.svg/330px-Grindal_Arms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Grindal_Arms.svg/440px-Grindal_Arms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a><figcaption>Arms of Grindal of Cumbria - <i>Quarterly or and azure, a cross or and ermine, in each quarter a dover or and azure, counterchanged of the field</i></figcaption></figure> <p>He returned to England in January 1559 in the company of his friend <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Sandys_(bishop)" title="Edwin Sandys (bishop)">Edwin Sandys</a>, on the day that <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I" title="Elizabeth I">Elizabeth I</a> was crowned.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was soon gathered in to the body of men who would be at the centre of establishing the reformed church. He was appointed to the committee to revise the <a href="/wiki/Liturgy" title="Liturgy">liturgy</a>, and was one of the Protestant representatives at the <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Conference_1559" title="Westminster Conference 1559">Westminster conference</a>. In July 1559 he was elected Master of Pembroke Hall in succession to the <a href="/wiki/Recusant" class="mw-redirect" title="Recusant">recusant</a> Thomas Young (1514?–1580) and finally created Bishop of London in succession to <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Bonner" title="Edmund Bonner">Edmund Bonner</a>, six years after his first nomination in Edward's reign.<sup id="cite_ref-collinson_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-collinson-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About this time he ordained his friend the martyrologist <a href="/wiki/John_Foxe" title="John Foxe">John Foxe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-collinson_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-collinson-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Grindal had qualms about vestments and other traces of "popery" as well as about the <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Erastus" title="Thomas Erastus">Erastianism</a> of Elizabeth's ecclesiastical government. Firmly Protestant, he did not mind recommending that a Roman Catholic priest "might be put to some torment",<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in October 1562 he wrote to <a href="/wiki/William_Cecil,_1st_Baron_Burghley" title="William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley">William Cecil</a>, begging to know "if that second Julian, the king of Navarre, is killed; as he intended to preach at <a href="/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Cross" title="St Paul's Cross">St Paul's Cross</a>, and might take occasion to mention God's judgements on him".<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, he was reluctant to execute judgements on English <a href="/wiki/Puritans" title="Puritans">Puritans</a>, and failed to give <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Parker" title="Matthew Parker">Matthew Parker</a> much assistance in rebuilding the shattered fabric of the English Church.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPollard1911605_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPollard1911605-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Indeed he had appointed a number of Marian exiles who went on to play a major role in the resistance to Parker:<a href="/wiki/Thomas_Huyck" title="Thomas Huyck">Thomas Huyck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cole_(archdeacon_of_Essex)" title="Thomas Cole (archdeacon of Essex)">Thomas Cole</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Pullain" title="John Pullain">John Pullain</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Calfhill" title="James Calfhill">James Calfhill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Nowell" title="Alexander Nowell">Alexander Nowell</a>. </p><p>Grindal lacked that firm faith in the supreme importance of uniformity and autocracy which enabled <a href="/wiki/John_Whitgift" title="John Whitgift">John Whitgift</a> to persecute nonconformists whose theology was identical to his own. London, which was always a difficult see, involved Bishop Sandys in similar troubles when Grindal had gone to York. As it was, although Parker said that Grindal "was not resolute and severe enough for the government of London", his attempts to enforce the use of the <a href="/wiki/Surplice" title="Surplice">surplice</a> evoked angry protests, especially in 1565, when many nonconformists were suspended. This developed into a breakaway movement that formed the <a href="/wiki/London_Underground_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="London Underground Church">London Underground Church</a>. Grindal repeatedly raided their services and imprisoned worshippers, but generally for short spells, agreeing with the Privy Council 'to move [them] to be conformable by gentleness'.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Grindal of his own accord denounced <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cartwright_(churchman)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Cartwright (churchman)">Thomas Cartwright</a> to the council in 1570. Other anxieties were brought upon him by the burning of his cathedral in 1561, for although Grindal himself is said to have contributed £1,200 towards its rebuilding, the laity and even the clergy of his diocese were not generous.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPollard1911605_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPollard1911605-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Archbishop_of_York">Archbishop of York</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmund_Grindal&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Archbishop of York"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1570 Grindal became Archbishop of York, where Puritans were few and coercion would be required mainly for Roman Catholics. His first letter from his residence at <a href="/wiki/Cawood" title="Cawood">Cawood</a> to Cecil told that he had not been well received, that the gentry were not "well-affected to godly religion and among the common people many superstitious practices remained." It is admitted by his Anglican critics that he did the work of enforcing uniformity against the Roman Catholics with good-will and considerable tact.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPollard1911605_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPollard1911605-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He must have given general satisfaction, for even before Parker's death two persons so different as Cecil (now Lord Burghley), and <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Nowell_(priest)" title="Laurence Nowell (priest)">Dean Nowell</a> independently recommended Grindal's appointment as his successor, and <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Spenser" title="Edmund Spenser">Edmund Spenser</a> spoke warmly of him in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Shepheardes_Calender" title="The Shepheardes Calender">The Shepheardes Calender</a></i> as the "gentle shepherd Algrind".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPollard1911605_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPollard1911605-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Archbishop_of_Canterbury">Archbishop of Canterbury</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmund_Grindal&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Archbishop of Canterbury"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Grindal was appointed Archbishop of Canterbury on 26 July 1575, though there is no actual proof that the new archbishop ever visited the seat of his see, <a href="/wiki/Canterbury" title="Canterbury">Canterbury</a>, not even for his enthronement.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Burghley wished to conciliate the moderate Puritans and advised Grindal to mitigate the severity which had characterised Parker's treatment of the nonconformists. Grindal indeed attempted a reform of the ecclesiastical courts, but his activity was cut short by a disagreement with the Queen. Elizabeth wanted Grindal to suppress the "prophesyings" or meetings for sermon training and discussion which had come into vogue among the Puritan clergy, and she even wanted him to discourage preaching. Instead of carrying out his instructions, Grindal responded with a 6,000-word letter defending prophesyings, saying: 'I choose rather to offend your earthly Majesty than to offend the heavenly majesty of God.'<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 1577 he was suspended from his jurisdictional - though not his spiritual - functions for disobedience. He stood firm, and in January 1578 Secretary Wilson informed Burghley that the Queen wished to have the Archbishop deprived. She was dissuaded from this extreme course, but Grindal's sequestration was continued in spite of a petition from Convocation in 1581 for his reinstatement. Elizabeth then suggested that he should resign; he declined to do so, and after apologising to the Queen he was reinstated towards the end of 1582. However, his infirmities were increasing, and while making preparations for his resignation, he died and was buried in <a href="/wiki/Croydon_Minster" title="Croydon Minster">Croydon Minster</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPollard1911605_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPollard1911605-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmund_Grindal&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St_bees_school_quad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/St_bees_school_quad.jpg/250px-St_bees_school_quad.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/St_bees_school_quad.jpg/375px-St_bees_school_quad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/St_bees_school_quad.jpg/500px-St_bees_school_quad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1582" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/St._Bees_School" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Bees School">St. Bees School</a>, Cumbria, the Foundation block. The original Elizabethan school is the range on the left of the quad.</figcaption></figure> <p>By the 17th century, Grindal came to be admired by the Puritans who were experiencing persecution at the hands of <a href="/wiki/William_Laud" title="William Laud">Archbishop Laud</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/John_Milton" title="John Milton">John Milton</a>, who rejected episcopal church government, thought the Elizabethan bishops had been <a href="/wiki/Laodiceans" class="mw-redirect" title="Laodiceans">Laodiceans</a>, neither hot nor cold, but thought Grindal had been "the best of them" in his tract <i><a href="/wiki/Of_Reformation" title="Of Reformation">Of Reformation</a></i> of 1641.<sup id="cite_ref-Collinson,_p._17_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Collinson,_p._17-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/William_Prynne" title="William Prynne">William Prynne</a> had no time for Parker ("over pontifical and princely") and Whitgift ("stately pontifical bishop"), but praised Grindal in 1641 as "a grave and pious man".<sup id="cite_ref-Collinson,_p._17_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Collinson,_p._17-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Baxter" title="Richard Baxter">Richard Baxter</a> in 1656 claimed of Grindal: "Such bishops would have prevented our contentions and wars."<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Neal" title="Daniel Neal">Daniel Neal</a> a century later, in his <i>History of the Puritans</i>, called him "the good old archbishop", "of a mild and moderate temper, easy of access and affable even in his highest exaltation", "upon the whole ... one of the best of Queen Elizabeth's bishops".<sup id="cite_ref-Collinson,_p._17_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Collinson,_p._17-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Conversely, Grindal came to be attacked by High Church Tories. <a href="/wiki/Henry_Sacheverell" title="Henry Sacheverell">Henry Sacheverell</a>, in his famous sermon of 5 November 1709, "The Perils of False Brethren, Both in Church and State", attacked him as "that false son of the Church, Bishop Grindall ... a perfidious prelate" who deluded Elizabeth into tolerating the "Genevan Discipline" and thereby facilitating "the first plantation of dissenters". This attack on Grindal's memory led to <a href="/wiki/John_Strype" title="John Strype">John Strype</a> publishing his biography of Grindal, helped by a subscription list that included many leading <a href="/wiki/Whigs_(British_political_party)" title="Whigs (British political party)">Whig</a> politicians and churchmen.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the late 19th and early 20th centuries, it was Sacheverell's portrayal of a weak and ineffective prelate that had come to be the predominant view. <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Lee" title="Sidney Lee">Sidney Lee</a> claimed Grindal "feebly temporised with dissent"; <a href="/wiki/Mandell_Creighton" title="Mandell Creighton">Mandell Creighton</a> called him "infirm of purpose"; <a href="/wiki/Walter_Frere" title="Walter Frere">Walter Frere</a> said Grindal possessed a "natural incapacity for government"; and W. P. M. Kennedy said he had "a constitutional incapacity for administration" which was Grindal's "outstanding weakness".<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in 1979 was published the first critical biography of Grindal, by <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Collinson" title="Patrick Collinson">Patrick Collinson</a>, who said that Grindal was neither weak nor ineffectual but had the support of his fellow bishops and led the way for how the English Church would develop in the early 17th century.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Grindal left considerable benefactions to Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, <a href="/wiki/The_Queen%27s_College,_Oxford" title="The Queen's College, Oxford">the Queen's College, Oxford</a>, and Christ's College, Cambridge; he also endowed a free school at St Bees, and left money for the poor of <a href="/wiki/St_Bees" title="St Bees">St Bees</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canterbury" title="Canterbury">Canterbury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lambeth" title="Lambeth">Lambeth</a> and Croydon.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPollard1911605_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPollard1911605-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The most enduring monument to Grindal has proved to be the <a href="/wiki/St_Bees_School" title="St Bees School">St Bees School</a> (a "free grammar school"), which he founded in his native village of St Bees, where he had not been for perhaps forty-five years. Only three days before his death Grindal had published statutes for the school; a series of minute and specific regulations which are a noted treasury of information for historians of Tudor education. Although the school was to be sometimes at risk in its early years, a school building had been erected by 1588 at a cost of £366.3s.4d. and endowed with annual revenues of £50. Nicholas Copland was nominated by Grindal as the first Headmaster and a tradition of learning had begun which continued without a break for over four centuries. In 2015 it was announced that the school was to close, but it re-opened in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-Ofsted_2018_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ofsted_2018-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Grindal also played a part in the establishment of <a href="/wiki/Highgate_School" title="Highgate School">Highgate School</a> in North London, and is credited with having introduced the <a href="/wiki/Tamarix" title="Tamarix">tamarisk</a> tree to the British Isles. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmund_Grindal&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://products.abc-clio.com/ABC-CLIOCorporate/product.aspx?pc=A1861C">"Encyclopedia of the Black Death"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Black+Death&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fproducts.abc-clio.com%2FABC-CLIOCorporate%2Fproduct.aspx%3Fpc%3DA1861C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Grindal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/John_Strype" title="John Strype">John Strype</a> (1710), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historylifeanda00strygoog"><i>Life and Acts of Edmund Grindal, Archbishop of Canterbury</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ODNB-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Patrick Collinson, ‘<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/11644">Grindal, Edmund (1516x20–1583)</a>’, <i>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</i>, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Jan 2008, accessed 26 June 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Archbishop Grindal's Birthplace: Cross Hill, St. Bees Cumbria, By John and Mary Todd. Transactions of the Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society 1999, Vol XCIX. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.5284/1061375">https://doi.org/10.5284/1061375</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-collinson-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-collinson_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-collinson_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-collinson_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-collinson_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-collinson_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">... Patrick Collinson – "Archbishop Grindal 1519–1583 The struggle for a reformed church" 1979 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-224-01703-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-224-01703-9">0-224-01703-9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFACADGRNL519E" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://venn.lib.cam.ac.uk/cgi-bin/search-2018.pl?sur=&suro=w&fir=&firo=c&cit=&cito=c&c=all&z=all&tex=GRNL519E&sye=&eye=&col=all&maxcount=50">"Grindal, Edmund (GRNL519E)"</a>. <i>A Cambridge Alumni Database</i>. University of Cambridge.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Grindal%2C+Edmund+%28GRNL519E%29&rft.btitle=A+Cambridge+Alumni+Database&rft.pub=University+of+Cambridge&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvenn.lib.cam.ac.uk%2Fcgi-bin%2Fsearch-2018.pl%3Fsur%3D%26suro%3Dw%26fir%3D%26firo%3Dc%26cit%3D%26cito%3Dc%26c%3Dall%26z%3Dall%26tex%3DGRNL519E%26sye%3D%26eye%3D%26col%3Dall%26maxcount%3D50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Grindal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPollard1911604-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPollard1911604_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPollard1911604_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPollard1911">Pollard 1911</a>, p. 604.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPollard1911605-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPollard1911605_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPollard1911605_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPollard1911605_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPollard1911605_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPollard1911605_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPollard1911605_8-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPollard1911605_8-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPollard1911">Pollard 1911</a>, p. 605.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Foxe J, <i>Actes and Monuments of these Latter and Perillous Days, Touching Matters of the Church' (Foxe's Book of Martyrs)</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hatfield manuscripts i. 269</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Domestic Calendar</i>, 1547–1580, p. 209</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTomkins2020" class="citation book cs1">Tomkins, Stephen (2020). <i>The Journey to the Mayflower</i>. London and New York: Hodder & Stoughton. p. 37. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781473649101" title="Special:BookSources/9781473649101"><bdi>9781473649101</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Journey+to+the+Mayflower&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pages=37&rft.pub=Hodder+%26+Stoughton&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=9781473649101&rft.aulast=Tomkins&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Grindal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTomkins2020" class="citation book cs1">Tomkins (2020). <i>The Journey to the Mayflower</i>. p. 89.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Journey+to+the+Mayflower&rft.pages=89&rft.date=2020&rft.au=Tomkins&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Grindal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Collinson,_p._17-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Collinson,_p._17_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Collinson,_p._17_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Collinson,_p._17_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Collinson, p. 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Collinson, p. 283.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Collinson, p. 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ofsted_2018-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ofsted_2018_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://files.ofsted.gov.uk/v1/file/50038720">"St. Bees School"</a>. <i>Ofsted</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ofsted&rft.atitle=St.+Bees+School&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffiles.ofsted.gov.uk%2Fv1%2Ffile%2F50038720&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Grindal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmund_Grindal&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Strype" title="John Strype">John Strype</a> (1710), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historylifeanda00strygoog"><i>Life and Acts of Edmund Grindal, Archbishop of Canterbury</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Collinson" title="Patrick Collinson">Patrick Collinson</a>, "Archbishop Grindal 1519–1583: The struggle for a reformed church", 1979, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-224-01703-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-224-01703-9">0-224-01703-9</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Dictionary of National Biography</a></i></li> <li>P Collinson (1971) 'E., Archbishop. Grindal and the Prophesyings', Historical Magazine of the Protestant Episcopal Church,. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-9809.1971.tb00571.x/pdf">[1]</a></li> <li>Henry Gough (1855), <i>A General Index to the Publications of the Parker Society</i>. Cambridge</li> <li><i>Acts of the <a href="/wiki/Privy_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Privy Council">Privy Council</a></i></li> <li>Cal. of Hatfield manuscripts</li> <li>Dixon's <i>History of the Church of England</i></li> <li>W. H. Frere (1904), <i>History of the English Church</i>, 1558–1625, ed. W. R. W. Stephens and W. Hunt</li> <li>Donald Brownrigg (2005), reprinted facsimile of John Reay's (1869) 'Visitor's Guide to St Bees'.</li> <li>Douglas Sim <i>et al.</i> (current), St Bees History <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.stbees.org.uk/history/essays/grindal/index.html">[2]</a></li> <li>Archbishop Grindal's birthplace: Cross Hill, St Bees, Cumbria By John Todd and Mary Todd. Transactions of the Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society 1999, Vol XCIX.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5284%2F1061375">10.5284/1061375</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Modern_History" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge Modern History">Cambridge Modern History</a></i> vol. iii.</li> <li>Gee's <i>Elizabethan Clergy</i></li> <li>Henry Norbert Birt, <i>The Elizabethan Religious Settlement</i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Pierce_(historian)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Pierce (historian) (page does not exist)">William Pierce</a> (1909) <i>An Historical Introduction to the <a href="/wiki/Marprelate_Tracts" class="mw-redirect" title="Marprelate Tracts">Marprelate Tracts</a></i>. London: Archibald Constable</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_Lehmberg" title="Stanford Lehmberg">Stanford Lehmberg</a> <i>Archbishop Grindal and the Prophesyings</i>, Historical Magazine of the Protestant Episcopal Church</li> <li>Peter Iver Kaufman; Journal of American Church History, Vol. 68, 1999 (Prophesyings)</li> <li>Peter Lake, "The Monarchical Republic of Queen Elizabeth I (and the Fall of Archbishop Grindal) revisited," in John F. McDiarmid (ed), <i>The Monarchical Republic of Early Modern England: Essays in Response to Patrick Collinson</i> (Aldershot, Ashgate, 2007) (St Andrews Studies in Reformation History),</li> <li><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPollard1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Pollard" title="Albert Pollard">Pollard, Albert Frederick</a> (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Grindal,_Edmund" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Grindal, Edmund">Grindal, Edmund</a>". In <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 604–605.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Grindal%2C+Edmund&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=604-605&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Pollard&rft.aufirst=Albert+Frederick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Grindal" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmund_Grindal&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prdl.org/author_view.php?a_id=318">Works by Edmund Grindal</a> at <a href="/wiki/Post-Reformation_Digital_Library" title="Post-Reformation Digital Library">Post-Reformation Digital Library</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #DAA520;">Academic offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Young_(Regius_Professor)" title="John Young (Regius Professor)">John Young</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Masters_of_Pembroke_College,_Cambridge" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Masters of Pembroke College, Cambridge">Master of Pembroke College, Cambridge</a> </b><br />1559–1561 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Hutton_(Archbishop_of_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="Matthew Hutton (Archbishop of York)">Matthew Hutton</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FABE60;"><a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England titles</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Bonner" title="Edmund Bonner">Edmund Bonner</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_London" title="Bishop of London">Bishop of London</a> </b><br />1559–1570 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Sandys,_Archbishop_of_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Edwin Sandys, Archbishop of York">Edwin Sandys</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Young,_Archbishop_of_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Young, Archbishop of York">Thomas Young</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_York" title="Archbishop of York">Archbishop of York</a> </b><br />1570–1576 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Parker" title="Matthew Parker">Matthew Parker</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">Archbishop of Canterbury</a> </b><br />1576–1583 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Whitgift" title="John Whitgift">John Whitgift</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bishops_of_London" title="Template:Bishops of London"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bishops_of_London" title="Template talk:Bishops of London"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bishops_of_London" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bishops of London"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bishops_of_London" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_London" title="Bishop of London">Bishops of London</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post-Augustine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mellitus" title="Mellitus">Mellitus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedd" title="Cedd">Cedd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_(bishop)" title="Wine (bishop)">Wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earconwald" title="Earconwald">Earconwald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldhere_(bishop)" title="Waldhere (bishop)">Waldhere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingwald" title="Ingwald">Ingwald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecgwulf" title="Ecgwulf">Ecgwulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wigheah" title="Wigheah">Wigheah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eadberht_(bishop_of_London)" title="Eadberht (bishop of London)">Eadberht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eadgar_of_London" title="Eadgar of London">Eadgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coenwalh_(bishop)" title="Coenwalh (bishop)">Coenwalh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eadbald_(bishop_of_London)" title="Eadbald (bishop of London)">Eadbald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heathoberht" title="Heathoberht">Heathoberht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osmund_(bishop_of_London)" title="Osmund (bishop of London)">Osmund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelnoth_(bishop_of_London)" title="Æthelnoth (bishop of London)">Æthelnoth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceolberht" title="Ceolberht">Ceolberht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deorwulf" title="Deorwulf">Deorwulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swithwulf_(bishop_of_London)" title="Swithwulf (bishop of London)">Swithwulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heahstan" title="Heahstan">Heahstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wulfsige_of_London" title="Wulfsige of London">Wulfsige</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelweard_of_London" title="Æthelweard of London">Æthelweard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leofstan" title="Leofstan">Leofstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodred_(bishop_of_London)" title="Theodred (bishop of London)">Theodred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brihthelm_(bishop_of_London)" title="Brihthelm (bishop of London)">Brihthelm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunstan" title="Dunstan">Dunstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfstan_(bishop_of_London)" title="Ælfstan (bishop of London)">Ælfstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wulfstan_(died_1023)" title="Wulfstan (died 1023)">Wulfstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfhun_(bishop_of_London)" title="Ælfhun (bishop of London)">Ælfhun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfwig" title="Ælfwig">Ælfwig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfweard_of_London" title="Ælfweard of London">Ælfweard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_of_Jumi%C3%A8ges" title="Robert of Jumièges">Robert of Jumièges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spearhafoc" title="Spearhafoc">Spearhafoc</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post-Conquest</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_the_Norman" title="William the Norman">William the Norman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_d%27Orevalle" title="Hugh d'Orevalle">Hugh d'Orevalle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_(bishop_of_London)" title="Maurice (bishop of London)">Maurice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_de_Belmeis_I" title="Richard de Belmeis I">Richard de Belmeis I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Universalis" title="Gilbert Universalis">Gilbert Universalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anselm_of_St_Saba" title="Anselm of St Saba">Anselm</a> <i>(quashed)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_de_Sigello" title="Robert de Sigello">Robert de Sigello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_de_Belmeis_II" title="Richard de Belmeis II">Richard de Belmeis II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Foliot" title="Gilbert Foliot">Gilbert Foliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_FitzNeal" title="Richard FitzNeal">Richard FitzNeal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_of_Sainte-M%C3%A8re-%C3%89glise" title="William of Sainte-Mère-Église">William of Sainte-Mère-Église</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eustace_of_Fauconberg" title="Eustace of Fauconberg">Eustace of Fauconberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Niger" title="Roger Niger">Roger Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulk_Basset_(bishop_of_London)" title="Fulk Basset (bishop of London)">Fulk Basset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Wingham" title="Henry Wingham">Henry Wingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Talbot_(bishop_of_London)" title="Richard Talbot (bishop of London)">Richard Talbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_of_Sandwich" title="Henry of Sandwich">Henry of Sandwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chishull" title="John Chishull">John Chishull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulke_Lovell" title="Fulke Lovell">Fulke Lovell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Gravesend" title="Richard Gravesend">Richard Gravesend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Baldock" title="Ralph Baldock">Ralph Baldock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Segrave" title="Gilbert Segrave">Gilbert Segrave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Newport_(bishop)" title="Richard Newport (bishop)">Richard Newport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Gravesend" title="Stephen Gravesend">Stephen Gravesend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_de_Wentworth" title="Richard de Wentworth">Richard de Wentworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Stratford" title="Ralph Stratford">Ralph Stratford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Northburgh" title="Michael Northburgh">Michael Northburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Sudbury" title="Simon Sudbury">Simon Sudbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Courtenay" title="William Courtenay">William Courtenay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Braybrooke" title="Robert Braybrooke">Robert Braybrooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Walden" title="Roger Walden">Roger Walden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Bubwith" title="Nicholas Bubwith">Nicholas Bubwith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Clifford" title="Richard Clifford">Richard Clifford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kemp" title="John Kemp">John Kemp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Grey_(bishop_of_Lincoln)" title="William Grey (bishop of Lincoln)">William Grey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_FitzHugh" title="Robert FitzHugh">Robert FitzHugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gilbert_(bishop)" title="Robert Gilbert (bishop)">Robert Gilbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Kempe" title="Thomas Kempe">Thomas Kempe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Hill_(bishop)" title="Richard Hill (bishop)">Richard Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Savage_(bishop)" title="Thomas Savage (bishop)">Thomas Savage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Warham" title="William Warham">William Warham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Barons" title="William Barons">William Barons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_FitzJames" title="Richard FitzJames">Richard FitzJames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuthbert_Tunstall" title="Cuthbert Tunstall">Cuthbert Tunstall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">During the Reformation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Stokesley" title="John Stokesley">John Stokesley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Bonner" title="Edmund Bonner">Edmund Bonner</a> <i>(1st)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Ridley_(martyr)" title="Nicholas Ridley (martyr)">Nicholas Ridley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Bonner" title="Edmund Bonner">Edmund Bonner</a> <i>(2nd)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post-Reformation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Edmund Grindal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Sandys_(bishop)" title="Edwin Sandys (bishop)">Edwin Sandys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Aylmer_(bishop)" title="John Aylmer (bishop)">John Aylmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Fletcher_(bishop)" title="Richard Fletcher (bishop)">Richard Fletcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bancroft" title="Richard Bancroft">Richard Bancroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Vaughan_(bishop)" title="Richard Vaughan (bishop)">Richard Vaughan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ravis" title="Thomas Ravis">Thomas Ravis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Abbot_(bishop)" title="George Abbot (bishop)">George Abbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_King_(bishop_of_London)" title="John King (bishop of London)">John King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Montaigne" title="George Montaigne">George Montaigne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Laud" title="William Laud">William Laud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Juxon" title="William Juxon">William Juxon</a></li> <li><i>Episcopacy abolished (<a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_England" title="Commonwealth of England">Commonwealth</a>)</i></li> <li>William Juxon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Sheldon" title="Gilbert Sheldon">Gilbert Sheldon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humphrey_Henchman" title="Humphrey Henchman">Humphrey Henchman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Compton_(bishop)" title="Henry Compton (bishop)">Henry Compton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Robinson_(bishop_of_London)" title="John Robinson (bishop of London)">John Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Gibson" title="Edmund Gibson">Edmund Gibson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sherlock" title="Thomas Sherlock">Thomas Sherlock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hayter" title="Thomas Hayter">Thomas Hayter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Osbaldeston" title="Richard Osbaldeston">Richard Osbaldeston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Terrick" title="Richard Terrick">Richard Terrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lowth" title="Robert Lowth">Robert Lowth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beilby_Porteus" title="Beilby Porteus">Beilby Porteus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Randolph_(bishop_of_London)" title="John Randolph (bishop of London)">John Randolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Howley" title="William Howley">William Howley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_James_Blomfield" title="Charles James Blomfield">Charles James Blomfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Campbell_Tait" title="Archibald Campbell Tait">Archibald Campbell Tait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Jackson_(bishop)" title="John Jackson (bishop)">John Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Temple" title="Frederick Temple">Frederick Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandell_Creighton" title="Mandell Creighton">Mandell Creighton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Winnington-Ingram" title="Arthur Winnington-Ingram">Arthur Winnington-Ingram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Fisher" title="Geoffrey Fisher">Geoffrey Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wand" title="William Wand">William Wand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Montgomery_Campbell" title="Henry Montgomery Campbell">Henry Montgomery Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Stopford_(bishop)" title="Robert Stopford (bishop)">Robert Stopford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ellison" title="Gerald Ellison">Gerald Ellison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Leonard" title="Graham Leonard">Graham Leonard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hope,_Baron_Hope_of_Thornes" title="David Hope, Baron Hope of Thornes">David Hope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Chartres" title="Richard Chartres">Richard Chartres</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pete_Broadbent" title="Pete Broadbent">Pete Broadbent</a> (Acting)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Mullally" title="Sarah Mullally">Sarah Mullally</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bishops_and_Archbishops_of_York" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #FFFFFF; border-bottom: #7F1734 5px solid; border-top: #7F1734 5px solid;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bishops_and_Archbishops_of_York" title="Template:Bishops and Archbishops of York"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bishops_and_Archbishops_of_York" title="Template talk:Bishops and Archbishops of York"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bishops_and_Archbishops_of_York" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bishops and Archbishops of York"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bishops_and_Archbishops_of_York" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Bishops and <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_York" title="Archbishop of York">Archbishops of York</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-<a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Reformation</a> bishops</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paulinus_of_York" title="Paulinus of York">Paulinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad_of_Mercia" title="Chad of Mercia">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilfrid" title="Wilfrid">Wilfrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosa_of_York" title="Bosa of York">Bosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Beverley" title="John of Beverley">John of Beverley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilfrid_II_(bishop_of_York)" title="Wilfrid II (bishop of York)">Wilfrid II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-Reformation<br />archbishops</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecgbert_of_York" title="Ecgbert of York">Egbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelbert_of_York" title="Æthelbert of York">Æthelbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eanbald_(died_796)" title="Eanbald (died 796)">Eanbald I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eanbald_(floruit_798)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eanbald (floruit 798)">Eanbald II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wulfsige_of_York" title="Wulfsige of York">Wulfsige</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wigmund_(archbishop_of_York)" title="Wigmund (archbishop of York)">Wigmund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wulfhere_of_York" title="Wulfhere of York">Wulfhere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelbald_of_York" title="Æthelbald of York">Æthelbald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hrotheweard" title="Hrotheweard">Hrotheweard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wulfstan_(died_956)" title="Wulfstan (died 956)">Wulfstan I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscytel" title="Oscytel">Oscytel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwald" title="Edwald">Edwald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_of_Worcester" title="Oswald of Worcester">Oswald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ealdwulf_(archbishop_of_York)" title="Ealdwulf (archbishop of York)">Ealdwulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wulfstan_(died_1023)" title="Wulfstan (died 1023)">Wulfstan II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfric_Puttoc" title="Ælfric Puttoc">Ælfric Puttoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynesige" title="Cynesige">Cynesige</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ealdred_(archbishop_of_York)" title="Ealdred (archbishop of York)">Ealdred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_of_Bayeux" title="Thomas of Bayeux">Thomas of Bayeux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_(archbishop_of_York)" title="Gerard (archbishop of York)">Gerard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_II_of_York" title="Thomas II of York">Thomas II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurstan" title="Thurstan">Thurstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_of_York" title="William of York">William FitzHerbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Murdac" title="Henry Murdac">Henry Murdac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_of_York" title="William of York">William FitzHerbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_de_Pont_L%27%C3%89v%C3%AAque" title="Roger de Pont L'Évêque">Roger de Pont L'Évêque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_(archbishop_of_York)" title="Geoffrey (archbishop of York)">Geoffrey Plantagenet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Langton_(priest)" title="Simon Langton (priest)">Simon Langton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_de_Gray" title="Walter de Gray">Walter de Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewal_de_Bovil" title="Sewal de Bovil">Sewal de Bovil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godfrey_Ludham" title="Godfrey Ludham">Godfrey Ludham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Langton" title="William Langton">William Langton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonaventure" title="Bonaventure">Bonaventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Giffard" title="Walter Giffard">Walter Giffard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_de_Wickwane" title="William de Wickwane">William de Wickwane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_le_Romeyn" title="John le Romeyn">John le Romeyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_of_Newark" title="Henry of Newark">Henry of Newark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_of_Corbridge" title="Thomas of Corbridge">Thomas of Corbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Greenfield" title="William Greenfield">William Greenfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Melton" title="William Melton">William Melton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Zouche" title="William Zouche">William Zouche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Thoresby" title="John of Thoresby">John of Thoresby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Neville" title="Alexander Neville">Alexander Neville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Arundel" title="Thomas Arundel">Thomas Arundel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Waldby" title="Robert Waldby">Robert Waldby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Scrope_(bishop)" title="Richard Scrope (bishop)">Richard le Scrope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Langley" title="Thomas Langley">Thomas Langley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hallam" title="Robert Hallam">Robert Hallam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Bowet" title="Henry Bowet">Henry Bowet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Morgan_(bishop)" title="Philip Morgan (bishop)">Philip Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Fleming_(bishop)" title="Richard Fleming (bishop)">Richard Fleming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kemp" title="John Kemp">John Kemp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Booth_(bishop)" title="William Booth (bishop)">William Booth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Neville_(bishop)" title="George Neville (bishop)">George Neville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Booth" title="Lawrence Booth">Lawrence Booth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Rotherham" title="Thomas Rotherham">Thomas Rotherham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Savage_(bishop)" title="Thomas Savage (bishop)">Thomas Savage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Bainbridge" title="Christopher Bainbridge">Christopher Bainbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Wolsey" title="Thomas Wolsey">Thomas Wolsey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post-Reformation<br />archbishops</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Lee_(bishop)" title="Edward Lee (bishop)">Edward Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Holgate" title="Robert Holgate">Robert Holgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Heath" title="Nicholas Heath">Nicholas Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Young_(bishop)" title="Thomas Young (bishop)">Thomas Young</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Edmund Grindal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Sandys_(bishop)" title="Edwin Sandys (bishop)">Edwin Sandys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Piers" title="John Piers">John Piers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Hutton_(archbishop_of_York)" title="Matthew Hutton (archbishop of York)">Matthew Hutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobias_Matthew" title="Tobias Matthew">Tobias Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Montaigne" title="George Montaigne">George Montaigne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Harsnett" title="Samuel Harsnett">Samuel Harsnett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Neile" title="Richard Neile">Richard Neile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Williams_(archbishop_of_York)" title="John Williams (archbishop of York)">John Williams</a></li> <li><i>Episcopacy abolished (<a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_England" title="Commonwealth of England">Commonwealth</a>)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accepted_Frewen" title="Accepted Frewen">Accepted Frewen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Sterne_(bishop)" title="Richard Sterne (bishop)">Richard Sterne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dolben" title="John Dolben">John Dolben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lamplugh" title="Thomas Lamplugh">Thomas Lamplugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sharp_(bishop)" title="John Sharp (bishop)">John Sharp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_William_Dawes,_3rd_Baronet" title="Sir William Dawes, 3rd Baronet">Sir William Dawes Bt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancelot_Blackburne" title="Lancelot Blackburne">Lancelot Blackburne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Herring" title="Thomas Herring">Thomas Herring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Hutton_(archbishop_of_Canterbury)" title="Matthew Hutton (archbishop of Canterbury)">Matthew Hutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gilbert_(archbishop_of_York)" title="John Gilbert (archbishop of York)">John Gilbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hay_Drummond" title="Robert Hay Drummond">Robert Hay Drummond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Markham_(bishop)" title="William Markham (bishop)">William Markham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Venables-Vernon-Harcourt" title="Edward Venables-Vernon-Harcourt">Edward Venables-Vernon-Harcourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Musgrave_(bishop)" title="Thomas Musgrave (bishop)">Thomas Musgrave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Longley" title="Charles Longley">Charles Longley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Thomson_(bishop)" title="William Thomson (bishop)">William Thomson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Connor_Magee" title="William Connor Magee">William Connor Magee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Maclagan" title="William Maclagan">William Maclagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmo_Gordon_Lang" title="Cosmo Gordon Lang">Cosmo Lang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Temple_(bishop)" title="William Temple (bishop)">William Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_Garbett" title="Cyril Garbett">Cyril Garbett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Ramsey" title="Michael Ramsey">Michael Ramsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Coggan" title="Donald Coggan">Donald Coggan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Blanch" title="Stuart Blanch">Stuart Blanch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Habgood" title="John Habgood">John Habgood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hope,_Baron_Hope_of_Thornes" title="David Hope, Baron Hope of Thornes">David Hope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sentamu" title="John Sentamu">John Sentamu</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paul_Ferguson_(bishop)" title="Paul Ferguson (bishop)">Paul Ferguson</a> (acting diocesan)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Cottrell" title="Stephen Cottrell">Stephen Cottrell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Archbishops_of_Canterbury" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #FFFFFF; border-bottom: #7F1734 5px solid; border-top: #7F1734 5px solid;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Archbishops_of_Canterbury" title="Template:Archbishops of Canterbury"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Archbishops_of_Canterbury" title="Template talk:Archbishops of Canterbury"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Archbishops_of_Canterbury" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Archbishops of Canterbury"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Archbishops_of_Canterbury" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">Archbishops of Canterbury</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_archbishops_of_Canterbury" title="List of archbishops of Canterbury">List of archbishops of Canterbury</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-<a href="/wiki/Norman_Conquest" title="Norman Conquest">Conquest</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Canterbury" title="Augustine of Canterbury">Augustine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurence_of_Canterbury" title="Laurence of Canterbury">Laurence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mellitus" title="Mellitus">Mellitus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justus" title="Justus">Justus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honorius_of_Canterbury" title="Honorius of Canterbury">Honorius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deusdedit_of_Canterbury" title="Deusdedit of Canterbury">Deusdedit</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wighard" title="Wighard">Wighard</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_of_Tarsus" title="Theodore of Tarsus">Theodore of Tarsus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berhtwald" title="Berhtwald">Berhtwald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatwine" title="Tatwine">Tatwine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nothhelm" title="Nothhelm">Nothhelm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuthbert_of_Canterbury" title="Cuthbert of Canterbury">Cuthbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bregowine" title="Bregowine">Bregowine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A6nberht" title="Jænberht">Jænberht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelhard" title="Æthelhard">Æthelhard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wulfred" title="Wulfred">Wulfred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feologild" title="Feologild">Feologild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceolnoth" title="Ceolnoth">Ceolnoth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelred_(archbishop)" title="Æthelred (archbishop)">Æthelred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plegmund" title="Plegmund">Plegmund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athelm" title="Athelm">Athelm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wulfhelm" title="Wulfhelm">Wulfhelm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oda_of_Canterbury" title="Oda of Canterbury">Oda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfsige" title="Ælfsige">Ælfsige</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byrhthelm_(bishop_of_Wells)" title="Byrhthelm (bishop of Wells)">Byrhthelm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunstan" title="Dunstan">Dunstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelgar" title="Æthelgar">Æthelgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigeric_(bishop)" title="Sigeric (bishop)">Sigeric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfric_of_Abingdon" title="Ælfric of Abingdon">Ælfric of Abingdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfheah_of_Canterbury" title="Ælfheah of Canterbury">Ælfheah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyfing_(Archbishop_of_Canterbury)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyfing (Archbishop of Canterbury)">Lyfing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelnoth_(archbishop_of_Canterbury)" title="Æthelnoth (archbishop of Canterbury)">Æthelnoth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eadsige" title="Eadsige">Eadsige</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_of_Jumi%C3%A8ges" title="Robert of Jumièges">Robert of Jumièges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stigand" title="Stigand">Stigand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conquest to <a href="/wiki/English_Reformation" title="English Reformation">Reformation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lanfranc" title="Lanfranc">Lanfranc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anselm_of_Canterbury" title="Anselm of Canterbury">Anselm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_d%27Escures" title="Ralph d'Escures">Ralph d'Escures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_de_Corbeil" title="William de Corbeil">William de Corbeil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theobald_of_Bec" title="Theobald of Bec">Theobald of Bec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Becket" title="Thomas Becket">Thomas Becket</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roger_de_Bailleul" title="Roger de Bailleul">Roger de Bailleul</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_of_Dover" title="Richard of Dover">Richard of Dover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baldwin_of_Forde" title="Baldwin of Forde">Baldwin of Forde</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reginald_Fitz_Jocelin" title="Reginald Fitz Jocelin">Reginald Fitz Jocelin</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Walter" title="Hubert Walter">Hubert Walter</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reginald_(sub-prior)" title="Reginald (sub-prior)">Reginald</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/John_de_Gray" title="John de Gray">John de Gray</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Langton" title="Stephen Langton">Stephen Langton</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Walter_d%27Eynsham" title="Walter d'Eynsham">Walter d'Eynsham</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_le_Grant" title="Richard le Grant">Richard le Grant</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Neville" title="Ralph Neville">Ralph Neville</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/John_of_Sittingbourne" title="John of Sittingbourne">John of Sittingbourne</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/John_Blund" title="John Blund">John Blund</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_of_Abingdon" title="Edmund of Abingdon">Edmund of Abingdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boniface_of_Savoy_(bishop)" title="Boniface of Savoy (bishop)">Boniface</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/William_Chillenden" title="William Chillenden">William Chillenden</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Kilwardby" title="Robert Kilwardby">Robert Kilwardby</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Robert_Burnell" title="Robert Burnell">Robert Burnell</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Peckham" title="John Peckham">John Peckham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Winchelsey" title="Robert Winchelsey">Robert Winchelsey</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cobham" title="Thomas Cobham">Thomas Cobham</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Reynolds" title="Walter Reynolds">Walter Reynolds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Mepeham" title="Simon Mepeham">Simon Mepeham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_de_Stratford" title="John de Stratford">John de Stratford</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/John_de_Ufford" title="John de Ufford">John de Ufford</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bradwardine" title="Thomas Bradwardine">Thomas Bradwardine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Islip" title="Simon Islip">Simon Islip</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/William_Edington" title="William Edington">William Edington</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Langham" title="Simon Langham">Simon Langham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Whittlesey" title="William Whittlesey">William Whittlesey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Sudbury" title="Simon Sudbury">Simon Sudbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Courtenay" title="William Courtenay">William Courtenay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Arundel" title="Thomas Arundel">Thomas Arundel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Walden" title="Roger Walden">Roger Walden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Arundel" title="Thomas Arundel">Thomas Arundel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Chichele" title="Henry Chichele">Henry Chichele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Stafford_(bishop)" title="John Stafford (bishop)">John Stafford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kemp" title="John Kemp">John Kemp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bourchier_(cardinal)" title="Thomas Bourchier (cardinal)">Thomas Bourchier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Morton_(cardinal)" title="John Morton (cardinal)">John Morton</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Langton" title="Thomas Langton">Thomas Langton</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Deane_(archbishop_of_Canterbury)" title="Henry Deane (archbishop of Canterbury)">Henry Deane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Warham" title="William Warham">William Warham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cranmer" title="Thomas Cranmer">Thomas Cranmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_Pole" title="Reginald Pole">Reginald Pole</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post-Reformation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Parker" title="Matthew Parker">Matthew Parker</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Edmund Grindal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Whitgift" title="John Whitgift">John Whitgift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bancroft" title="Richard Bancroft">Richard Bancroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Abbot_(bishop)" title="George Abbot (bishop)">George Abbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Laud" title="William Laud">William Laud</a></li> <li><i>Episcopacy abolished (<a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_England" title="Commonwealth of England">Commonwealth</a>)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Juxon" title="William Juxon">William Juxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Sheldon" title="Gilbert Sheldon">Gilbert Sheldon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Sancroft" title="William Sancroft">William Sancroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tillotson" title="John Tillotson">John Tillotson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Tenison" title="Thomas Tenison">Thomas Tenison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wake" title="William Wake">William Wake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Potter_(bishop)" title="John Potter (bishop)">John Potter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Herring" title="Thomas Herring">Thomas Herring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Hutton_(archbishop_of_Canterbury)" title="Matthew Hutton (archbishop of Canterbury)">Matthew Hutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Secker" title="Thomas Secker">Thomas Secker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Cornwallis" title="Frederick Cornwallis">Frederick Cornwallis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Moore_(archbishop_of_Canterbury)" title="John Moore (archbishop of Canterbury)">John Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Manners-Sutton" title="Charles Manners-Sutton">Charles Manners-Sutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Howley" title="William Howley">William Howley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bird_Sumner" title="John Bird Sumner">John Bird Sumner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Longley" title="Charles Longley">Charles Longley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Campbell_Tait" title="Archibald Campbell Tait">Archibald Campbell Tait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_White_Benson" title="Edward White Benson">Edward White Benson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Temple" title="Frederick Temple">Frederick Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randall_Davidson" title="Randall Davidson">Randall Davidson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmo_Gordon_Lang" title="Cosmo Gordon Lang">Cosmo Lang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Temple_(bishop)" title="William Temple (bishop)">William Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Fisher" title="Geoffrey Fisher">Geoffrey Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Ramsey" title="Michael Ramsey">Michael Ramsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Coggan" title="Donald Coggan">Donald Coggan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Runcie" title="Robert Runcie">Robert Runcie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Carey" title="George Carey">George Carey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowan_Williams" title="Rowan Williams">Rowan Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_Welby" title="Justin Welby">Justin Welby</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>Italics</i> indicate a person who was elected but not confirmed.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q655212#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q655212#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q655212#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000083931812">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/71741429">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/42725/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJmtxhDbxmttMqP8fFx7HC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/139364749">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79106735">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11954763p">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11954763p">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Grindal, Edmund"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/TO0V531336">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ola2010606407&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068614357">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007274981105171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd139364749.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/139364749">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027526070">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w65155xs">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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