CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xmlns:fb="http://www.facebook.com/2008/fbml" class="wf-loading"> <head prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns# fb: https://ogp.me/ns/fb# academia: https://ogp.me/ns/fb/academia#"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name=viewport content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <title>Parvez Khan | University of Liverpool - Academia.edu</title>  <link href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-production.ico" rel="shortcut icon" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-60x60.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-194x194.png" sizes="194x194"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-96x96.png" sizes="96x96"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/android-chrome-192x192.png" sizes="192x192"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16"> <link rel="manifest" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/manifest.json"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#2b5797"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/mstile-144x144.png"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <script> window.performance && window.performance.measure && window.performance.measure("Time To First Byte", "requestStart", "responseStart"); </script> <script> (function() { if (!window.URLSearchParams || !window.history || !window.history.replaceState) { return; } var searchParams = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search); var paramsToDelete = [ 'fs', 'sm', 'swp', 'iid', 'nbs', 'rcc', // related content category 'rcpos', // related content carousel position 'rcpg', // related carousel page 'rchid', // related content hit id 'f_ri', // research interest id, for SEO tracking 'f_fri', // featured research interest, for SEO tracking (param key without value) 'f_rid', // from research interest directory for SEO tracking 'f_loswp', // from research interest pills on LOSWP sidebar for SEO tracking 'rhid', // referrring hit id ]; if (paramsToDelete.every((key) => searchParams.get(key) === null)) { return; } paramsToDelete.forEach((key) => { searchParams.delete(key); }); var cleanUrl = new URL(window.location.href); cleanUrl.search = searchParams.toString(); history.replaceState({}, document.title, cleanUrl); })(); </script> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "profiles/works", 'action': "summary", 'controller_action': 'profiles/works#summary', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.sendUserTiming = function(timingName) { if (!(window.performance && window.performance.measure)) return; var entries = window.performance.getEntriesByName(timingName, "measure"); if (entries.length !== 1) return; var timingValue = Math.round(entries[0].duration); gtag('event', 'timing_complete', { name: timingName, value: timingValue, event_category: 'User-centric', }); }; window.sendUserTiming("Time To First Byte"); </script> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="U6MQjN6pREhIuUiJ9TY2nqqzLHyhbvs9nBKDWwo4RYH/srUHxivEEL3wR316rhO1IOUK4SPJp3/rM3Z+UyX1uA==" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow-77f7b87cb1583fc59aa8f94756ebfe913345937eb932042b4077563bebb5fb4b.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/social/home-1c712297ae3ac71207193b1bae0ecf1aae125886850f62c9c0139dd867630797.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/heading-b2b823dd904da60a48fd1bfa1defd840610c2ff414d3f39ed3af46277ab8df3b.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/button-3cea6e0ad4715ed965c49bfb15dedfc632787b32ff6d8c3a474182b231146ab7.css" /><link crossorigin="" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" rel="preconnect" /><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,100..1000;1,9..40,100..1000&family=Gupter:wght@400;500;700&family=IBM+Plex+Mono:wght@300;400&family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20,400,0,0&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/common-10fa40af19d25203774df2d4a03b9b5771b45109c2304968038e88a81d1215c5.css" /> <meta name="author" content="parvez khan" /> <meta name="description" content="Chemistry graduate interested in reading tafsir, tazkiyya, theological and scientific literature." /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs" /> <script> var $controller_name = 'works'; var $action_name = "summary"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '49879c2402910372f4abc62630a427bbe033d190'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.Aedu = { hit_data: null }; window.Aedu.SiteStats = {"premium_universities_count":15275,"monthly_visitors":"113 million","monthly_visitor_count":113468711,"monthly_visitor_count_in_millions":113,"user_count":277142856,"paper_count":55203019,"paper_count_in_millions":55,"page_count":432000000,"page_count_in_millions":432,"pdf_count":16500000,"pdf_count_in_millions":16}; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1732408886000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1732408886000; window.Aedu.isUsingCssV1 = false; window.Aedu.enableLocalization = true; window.Aedu.activateFullstory = false; window.Aedu.serviceAvailability = { status: {"attention_db":"on","bibliography_db":"on","contacts_db":"on","email_db":"on","indexability_db":"on","mentions_db":"on","news_db":"on","notifications_db":"on","offsite_mentions_db":"on","redshift":"on","redshift_exports_db":"on","related_works_db":"on","ring_db":"on","user_tests_db":"on"}, serviceEnabled: function(service) { return this.status[service] === "on"; }, readEnabled: function(service) { return this.serviceEnabled(service) || this.status[service] === "read_only"; }, }; window.Aedu.viewApmTrace = function() { // Check if x-apm-trace-id meta tag is set, and open the trace in APM // in a new window if it is. var apmTraceId = document.head.querySelector('meta[name="x-apm-trace-id"]'); if (apmTraceId) { var traceId = apmTraceId.content; // Use trace ID to construct URL, an example URL looks like: // https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%31298410148923562634 var apmUrl = 'https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%3A' + traceId; window.open(apmUrl, '_blank'); } }; </script>  <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:100,100i,300,300i,400,400i,500,500i,700,700i,900,900i" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="//maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.3.0/css/font-awesome.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/libraries-a9675dcb01ec4ef6aa807ba772c7a5a00c1820d3ff661c1038a20f80d06bb4e4.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/academia-296162c7af6fd81dcdd76f1a94f1fad04fb5f647401337d136fe8b68742170b1.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system_legacy-056a9113b9a0f5343d013b29ee1929d5a18be35fdcdceb616600b4db8bd20054.css" /> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/runtime-bundle-005434038af4252ca37c527588411a3d6a0eabb5f727fac83f8bbe7fd88d93bb.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/webpack_libraries_and_infrequently_changed.wjs-bundle-8d53a22151f33ab413d88fa1c02f979c3f8706d470fc1bced09852c72a9f3454.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/core_webpack.wjs-bundle-f8fe82512740391f81c9e8cc48220144024b425b359b08194e316f4de070b9e8.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/sentry.wjs-bundle-5fe03fddca915c8ba0f7edbe64c194308e8ce5abaed7bffe1255ff37549c4808.js"></script> <script> jade = window.jade || {}; jade.helpers = window.$h; jade._ = window._; </script>  <script id="tag-manager-head-root">(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer_old','GTM-5G9JF7Z');</script>  <script> window.gptadslots = []; window.googletag = window.googletag || {}; window.googletag.cmd = window.googletag.cmd || []; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> // TODO(jacob): This should be defined, may be rare load order problem. // Checking if null is just a quick fix, will default to en if unset. // Better fix is to run this immedietely after I18n is set. if (window.I18n != null) { I18n.defaultLocale = "en"; I18n.locale = "en"; I18n.fallbacks = true; } </script> <link rel="canonical" href="https://liverpool.academia.edu/ParvezKhan" /> </head>   <body class='c-profiles/works a-summary logged_out'>  <div id="fb-root"></div><script>window.fbAsyncInit = function() { FB.init({ appId: "2369844204", version: "v8.0", status: true, cookie: true, xfbml: true }); // Additional initialization code. if (window.InitFacebook) { // facebook.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitFacebook(); } else { // Set a flag for facebook.ts to find when it loads. window.academiaAuthReadyFacebook = true; } };</script><script>window.fbAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function if (window.FB) { return; } (function(d, s, id){ var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) {return;} js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = "//connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js"; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs); }(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk')); } if (!window.defer_facebook) { // Autoload if not deferred window.fbAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.fbAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="google-root"></div><script>window.loadGoogle = function() { if (window.InitGoogle) { // google.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitGoogle("331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"); } else { // Set a flag for google.ts to use when it loads. window.GoogleClientID = "331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"; } };</script><script>window.googleAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function (function(d) { var js; var id = 'google-jssdk'; var ref = d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) { return; } js = d.createElement('script'); js.id = id; js.async = true; js.onload = loadGoogle; js.src = "https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client" ref.parentNode.insertBefore(js, ref); }(document)); } if (!window.defer_google) { // Autoload if not deferred window.googleAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.googleAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="tag-manager-body-root">  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5G9JF7Z" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>   <script> window.addEventListener('load', function() { if (document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]')) { document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]').addEventListener('click', function() { gtag('event', 'click', { event_category: 'button', event_label: 'Log In' }) }) } }); </script> </div> <script>var _comscore = _comscore || []; _comscore.push({ c1: "2", c2: "26766707" }); (function() { var s = document.createElement("script"), el = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.async = true; s.src = (document.location.protocol == "https:" ? "https://sb" : "http://b") + ".scorecardresearch.com/beacon.js"; el.parentNode.insertBefore(s, el); })();</script><img src="https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=26766707&cv=2.0&cj=1" style="position: absolute; visibility: hidden" /> <div id='react-modal'></div> <div class='DesignSystem'> <a class='u-showOnFocus' href='#site'> Skip to main content </a> </div> <div id="upgrade_ie_banner" style="display: none;"><p>Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.</p><p>To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to <a href="https://www.academia.edu/upgrade-browser">upgrade your browser</a>.</p></div><script>// Show this banner for all versions of IE if (!!window.MSInputMethodContext || /(MSIE)/.test(navigator.userAgent)) { document.getElementById('upgrade_ie_banner').style.display = 'block'; }</script> <div class="DesignSystem bootstrap ShrinkableNav"><div class="navbar navbar-default main-header"><div class="container-wrapper" id="main-header-container"><div class="container"><div class="navbar-header"><div class="nav-left-wrapper u-mt0x"><div class="nav-logo"><a data-main-header-link-target="logo_home" href="https://www.academia.edu/"><img class="visible-xs-inline-block" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015-A.svg" width="24" height="24" /><img width="145.2" height="18" class="hidden-xs" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015.svg" /></a></div><div class="nav-search"><div class="SiteSearch-wrapper select2-no-default-pills"><form class="js-SiteSearch-form DesignSystem" action="https://www.academia.edu/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><i class="SiteSearch-icon fa fa-search u-fw700 u-positionAbsolute u-tcGrayDark"></i><input class="js-SiteSearch-form-input SiteSearch-form-input form-control" data-main-header-click-target="search_input" name="q" placeholder="Search" type="text" value="" /></form></div></div></div><div class="nav-right-wrapper pull-right"><ul class="NavLinks js-main-nav list-unstyled"><li class="NavLinks-link"><a class="js-header-login-url Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" id="nav_log_in" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="NavLinks-link u-p0x"><a class="Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li></ul><button class="hidden-lg hidden-md hidden-sm u-ml4x navbar-toggle collapsed" data-target=".js-mobile-header-links" data-toggle="collapse" type="button"><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span></button></div></div><div class="collapse navbar-collapse js-mobile-header-links"><ul class="nav navbar-nav"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"><a href="#">more&nbsp<span class="caret"></span></a></li><li><ul class="js-mobile-nav-expand-section nav navbar-nav u-m0x collapse"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://medium.com/@academia">Blog</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><i class="fa fa-briefcase"></i> We're Hiring!</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/"><i class="fa fa-question-circle"></i> Help Center</a></li><li class="js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 dropup" style="display:none"><a href="#">less&nbsp<span class="caret"></span></a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><script>(function(){ var $moreLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"); var $lessLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger"); var $section = $('.js-mobile-nav-expand-section'); $moreLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.hide(); $lessLink.show(); $section.collapse('show'); }); $lessLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.show(); $lessLink.hide(); $section.collapse('hide'); }); })() if ($a.is_logged_in() || false) { new Aedu.NavigationController({ el: '.js-main-nav', showHighlightedNotification: false }); } else { $(".js-header-login-url").attr("href", $a.loginUrlWithRedirect()); } Aedu.autocompleteSearch = new AutocompleteSearch({el: '.js-SiteSearch-form'});</script></div></div> <div id='site' class='fixed'> <div id="content" class="clearfix"> <script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(){ var $dismissible = $(".dismissible_banner"); $dismissible.click(function(ev) { $dismissible.hide(); }); });</script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/profile.wjs-bundle-9601d1cc3d68aa07c0a9901d03d3611aec04cc07d2a2039718ebef4ad4d148ca.js" defer="defer"></script><script>Aedu.rankings = { showPaperRankingsLink: false } $viewedUser = Aedu.User.set_viewed( {"id":6700998,"first_name":"Parvez","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Khan","page_name":"ParvezKhan","domain_name":"liverpool","created_at":"2013-11-08T11:34:15.900-08:00","display_name":"Parvez Khan","url":"https://liverpool.academia.edu/ParvezKhan","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6700998/2802718/15468288/s65_parvez.khan.jpg","has_photo":true,"department":{"id":9711,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://liverpool.academia.edu/Departments/Chemistry/Documents","university":{"id":42,"name":"University of Liverpool","url":"https://liverpool.academia.edu/"}},"position":"Department Member","position_id":4,"is_analytics_public":false,"interests":[{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law"},{"id":60093,"name":"Ibn Hazm","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ibn_Hazm"},{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology"},{"id":1237,"name":"Social Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Sciences"},{"id":59854,"name":"Islamic Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Theology"},{"id":920378,"name":"Ibn Kathir","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ibn_Kathir"},{"id":150673,"name":"Harun Yahya","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Harun_Yahya"},{"id":828733,"name":"Sunni Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sunni_Islam"},{"id":634222,"name":"Orthodox Sunni creed","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Orthodox_Sunni_creed"},{"id":207493,"name":"Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ibn_Qayyim_al-Jawziyya"}]} ); if ($a.is_logged_in() && $viewedUser.is_current_user()) { $('body').addClass('profile-viewed-by-owner'); } $socialProfiles = []</script><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://liverpool.academia.edu/ParvezKhan","location":"/ParvezKhan","scheme":"https","host":"liverpool.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/ParvezKhan","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate" data-props="{}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate-react-component-3f902ceb-aaff-4e54-b3cd-6a01d14c221b"></div> <div id="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate-react-component-3f902ceb-aaff-4e54-b3cd-6a01d14c221b"></div> <div class="DesignSystem"><div class="onsite-ping" id="onsite-ping"></div></div><div class="profile-user-info DesignSystem"><div class="social-profile-container"><div class="left-panel-container"><div class="user-info-component-wrapper"><div class="user-summary-cta-container"><div class="user-summary-container"><div class="social-profile-avatar-container"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Parvez Khan" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/6700998/2802718/15468288/s200_parvez.khan.jpg" /></div><div class="title-container"><h1 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-sm">Parvez Khan</h1><div class="affiliations-container fake-truncate js-profile-affiliations"><div><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://liverpool.academia.edu/">University of Liverpool</a>, <a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://liverpool.academia.edu/Departments/Chemistry/Documents">Chemistry</a>, <span class="u-tcGrayDarker">Department Member</span></div></div></div></div><div class="sidebar-cta-container"><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-follow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.follow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-follow-button" data-follow-user-fname="Parvez" data-follow-user-id="6700998" data-follow-user-source="profile_button" data-has-google="false"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">add</span>Follow</button><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-unfollow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.unfollow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-unfollow-button" data-unfollow-user-id="6700998"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">done</span>Following</button></div></div><div class="user-stats-container"><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followers"><p class="label">Followers</p><p class="data">970</p></div></a><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followees" data-broccoli-component="user-info.followees-count" data-click-track="profile-expand-user-info-following"><p class="label">Following</p><p class="data">25</p></div></a><span><div class="stat-container"><p class="label"><span class="js-profile-total-view-text">Public Views</span></p><p class="data"><span class="js-profile-view-count"></span></p></div></span></div><div class="user-bio-container"><div class="profile-bio fake-truncate js-profile-about" style="margin: 0px;">Chemistry graduate interested in reading tafsir, tazkiyya, theological and scientific literature.<br /><b>Address: </b>Wales, United Kingdom<br /><div class="js-profile-less-about u-linkUnstyled u-tcGrayDarker u-textDecorationUnderline u-displayNone">less</div></div></div><div class="ri-section"><div class="ri-section-header"><span>Interests</span><a class="ri-more-link js-profile-ri-list-card" data-click-track="profile-user-info-primary-research-interest" data-has-card-for-ri-list="6700998">View All (10)</a></div><div class="ri-tags-container"><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="6700998" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law"><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://liverpool.academia.edu/ParvezKhan","location":"/ParvezKhan","scheme":"https","host":"liverpool.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/ParvezKhan","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Islamic Law"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-3d58dc3e-52ac-4f67-a57f-6b62259e6d2e"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-3d58dc3e-52ac-4f67-a57f-6b62259e6d2e"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="6700998" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ibn_Hazm"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Ibn Hazm"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-96124d2b-76f4-46a7-9f67-1dbdb5046850"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-96124d2b-76f4-46a7-9f67-1dbdb5046850"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="6700998" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Sociology"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-83f11f18-eee0-46cb-be3e-2713910e2dc1"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-83f11f18-eee0-46cb-be3e-2713910e2dc1"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="6700998" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Sciences"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Social Sciences"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-39597aab-f381-416c-b03e-71c9a20caeed"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-39597aab-f381-416c-b03e-71c9a20caeed"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="6700998" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Theology"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Islamic Theology"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-fe57d51b-0519-4ba4-a5e6-ff98783d47a5"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-fe57d51b-0519-4ba4-a5e6-ff98783d47a5"></div> </a></div></div></div></div><div class="right-panel-container"><div class="user-content-wrapper"><div class="uploads-container" id="social-redesign-work-container"><div class="upload-header"><h2 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-xs">Uploads</h2></div><div class="documents-container backbone-social-profile-documents" style="width: 100%;"><div class="u-taCenter"></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Papers" id="Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by Parvez Khan</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="17824780"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/17824780/Significance_of_sincere_intentions"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Significance of sincere intentions" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/39730385/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/17824780/Significance_of_sincere_intentions">Significance of sincere intentions</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Actions are based upon intention and therefore consequences are related to the motivation of the ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Actions are based upon intention and therefore consequences are related to the motivation of the respective deeds.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="31e791b271c59655106895a5483fbefb" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":39730385,"asset_id":17824780,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39730385/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="17824780"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="17824780"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17824780; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=17824780]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=17824780]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17824780; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='17824780']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 17824780, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "31e791b271c59655106895a5483fbefb" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=17824780]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":17824780,"title":"Significance of sincere intentions","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Actions are based upon intention and therefore consequences are related to the motivation of the respective deeds. "},"translated_abstract":"Actions are based upon intention and therefore consequences are related to the motivation of the respective deeds. ","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/17824780/Significance_of_sincere_intentions","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2015-11-05T14:10:16.108-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":6700998,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39730385,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/39730385/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Significance_of_Intention.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39730385/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Significance_of_sincere_intentions.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/39730385/Significance_of_Intention.docx?1446761163=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSignificance_of_sincere_intentions.docx\u0026Expires=1732412486\u0026Signature=cj3-KpXU--afNTsj0kErDaDTxfUxFJ0jBi16A0lTNyZ7s2943-KR1b6RtGpLfHT~8Hc9HLYPNZANgBdKyaG9Xpu6kO-MkkI32kTeT9gIuzCIeofCS8zGz7MMasbEHDWvn9MeIf4fYvbRCA0uFBRYmuAgA705dHIRxAytmjMjZTTHRFOPHabi5fKlCa7-bLvnVk0pP1LIVldKCbI7n32rLuxWuC1GpT9gM3RiXmMV5Kl48tFoMPOApmlvy4bCqUSSqsZcJMfAxpqvHhPxLPG68oITiZGzj5PLym9jqpZbZ6E~GQoyi6NLQApFKuP3RNh0R7KqTGGwfHNanYo6v8fqFA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Significance_of_sincere_intentions","translated_slug":"","page_count":5,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":6700998,"first_name":"Parvez","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Khan","page_name":"ParvezKhan","domain_name":"liverpool","created_at":"2013-11-08T11:34:15.900-08:00","display_name":"Parvez Khan","url":"https://liverpool.academia.edu/ParvezKhan"},"attachments":[{"id":39730385,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/39730385/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Significance_of_Intention.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39730385/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Significance_of_sincere_intentions.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/39730385/Significance_of_Intention.docx?1446761163=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSignificance_of_sincere_intentions.docx\u0026Expires=1732412486\u0026Signature=cj3-KpXU--afNTsj0kErDaDTxfUxFJ0jBi16A0lTNyZ7s2943-KR1b6RtGpLfHT~8Hc9HLYPNZANgBdKyaG9Xpu6kO-MkkI32kTeT9gIuzCIeofCS8zGz7MMasbEHDWvn9MeIf4fYvbRCA0uFBRYmuAgA705dHIRxAytmjMjZTTHRFOPHabi5fKlCa7-bLvnVk0pP1LIVldKCbI7n32rLuxWuC1GpT9gM3RiXmMV5Kl48tFoMPOApmlvy4bCqUSSqsZcJMfAxpqvHhPxLPG68oITiZGzj5PLym9jqpZbZ6E~GQoyi6NLQApFKuP3RNh0R7KqTGGwfHNanYo6v8fqFA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies"},{"id":14844,"name":"Faith","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Faith"},{"id":1439581,"name":"Aqeedah/ Islamic Creed","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aqeedah_Islamic_Creed"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="9896840"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/9896840/Attribues_of_Allah"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Attribues of Allah" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/36054455/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/9896840/Attribues_of_Allah">Attribues of Allah</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Imam al-Haafiz adh-Dhahabi said: As Allah exists in a real sense, not metaphorically, His attribu...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Imam al-Haafiz adh-Dhahabi said:<br />As Allah exists in a real sense, not metaphorically, His attributes cannot be taken as metaphorical, because in that case they could not be divine attributes, because the attributes are connected to the one who possesses those attributes. As He exists in a real sense, not in a metaphorical sense, His attributes cannot be metaphorical. As there is nothing equal or similar to Him, there can be nothing like His attributes.<br />[End quote from al-鈥楿luw, p. 239, 250]</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c4d9eb85796798eab754ce74dd692262" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":36054455,"asset_id":9896840,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36054455/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="9896840"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="9896840"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9896840; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9896840]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9896840]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9896840; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='9896840']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9896840, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "c4d9eb85796798eab754ce74dd692262" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=9896840]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":9896840,"title":"Attribues of Allah","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Imam al-Haafiz adh-Dhahabi said:\nAs Allah exists in a real sense, not metaphorically, His attributes cannot be taken as metaphorical, because in that case they could not be divine attributes, because the attributes are connected to the one who possesses those attributes. As He exists in a real sense, not in a metaphorical sense, His attributes cannot be metaphorical. As there is nothing equal or similar to Him, there can be nothing like His attributes.\n[End quote from al-鈥楿luw, p. 239, 250]"},"translated_abstract":"Imam al-Haafiz adh-Dhahabi said:\nAs Allah exists in a real sense, not metaphorically, His attributes cannot be taken as metaphorical, because in that case they could not be divine attributes, because the attributes are connected to the one who possesses those attributes. As He exists in a real sense, not in a metaphorical sense, His attributes cannot be metaphorical. As there is nothing equal or similar to Him, there can be nothing like His attributes.\n[End quote from al-鈥楿luw, p. 239, 250]","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/9896840/Attribues_of_Allah","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2014-12-25T09:20:11.067-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":6700998,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36054455,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/36054455/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Allah_is_above_His_throne.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36054455/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Attribues_of_Allah.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/36054455/Allah_is_above_His_throne.docx?1419527851=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAttribues_of_Allah.docx\u0026Expires=1732412486\u0026Signature=cqfPozU1~m6iVbfgSCMO1nni8xL7cj~kOt5qDMY2FECvhRuJ90o3yXo3w3DLz3JpHyhJnQvrC-kSKH498aq250pUz6TbmAvEQALW1Xo~bcwcXjksSZsfyjY30HFOApk-opDdMzX0uYtzG~hdfguYiFgSoJnbHVhDH48nw7uw-wTvX1o-gV1lsTQNRHjgLaW~On6aq~sMjukRXUAVKSgFaCk0bsOdfea1J6TGvZevFTegKGocSd-OQ0aNheHjnABcrMt~hdosCJgLkozZ-eGj806i1VeaH-OBdU851OSjg6AMmKm0rfrIB7PIE5OcuWmt-eTBcRVMdkLt4Zt4gs0rHw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Attribues_of_Allah","translated_slug":"","page_count":33,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":6700998,"first_name":"Parvez","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Khan","page_name":"ParvezKhan","domain_name":"liverpool","created_at":"2013-11-08T11:34:15.900-08:00","display_name":"Parvez Khan","url":"https://liverpool.academia.edu/ParvezKhan"},"attachments":[{"id":36054455,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/36054455/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Allah_is_above_His_throne.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36054455/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Attribues_of_Allah.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/36054455/Allah_is_above_His_throne.docx?1419527851=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAttribues_of_Allah.docx\u0026Expires=1732412486\u0026Signature=cqfPozU1~m6iVbfgSCMO1nni8xL7cj~kOt5qDMY2FECvhRuJ90o3yXo3w3DLz3JpHyhJnQvrC-kSKH498aq250pUz6TbmAvEQALW1Xo~bcwcXjksSZsfyjY30HFOApk-opDdMzX0uYtzG~hdfguYiFgSoJnbHVhDH48nw7uw-wTvX1o-gV1lsTQNRHjgLaW~On6aq~sMjukRXUAVKSgFaCk0bsOdfea1J6TGvZevFTegKGocSd-OQ0aNheHjnABcrMt~hdosCJgLkozZ-eGj806i1VeaH-OBdU851OSjg6AMmKm0rfrIB7PIE5OcuWmt-eTBcRVMdkLt4Zt4gs0rHw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies"},{"id":15866,"name":"Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islam"},{"id":59854,"name":"Islamic Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Theology"},{"id":140044,"name":"Islamic beliefs and practices","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_beliefs_and_practices"},{"id":684086,"name":"ALLAH","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ALLAH"},{"id":796325,"name":"Aqidah","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aqidah"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="9700769"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/9700769/Oaths_In_the_Quran"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Oaths In the Quran " class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/35891419/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/9700769/Oaths_In_the_Quran">Oaths In the Quran </a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In the Qur鈥檃n, there is a relationship between oaths and what follows the oaths. The key to the m...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In the Qur鈥檃n, there is a relationship between oaths and what follows the oaths.<br />The key to the meaning of an oath is to be found in the relationship between the object of oath and the complement of oath,</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="505790084871d6b01943faa4c954d466" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":35891419,"asset_id":9700769,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35891419/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="9700769"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="9700769"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9700769; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9700769]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9700769]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9700769; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='9700769']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9700769, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "505790084871d6b01943faa4c954d466" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=9700769]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":9700769,"title":"Oaths In the Quran ","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"In the Qur鈥檃n, there is a relationship between oaths and what follows the oaths.\nThe key to the meaning of an oath is to be found in the relationship between the object of oath and the complement of oath,"},"translated_abstract":"In the Qur鈥檃n, there is a relationship between oaths and what follows the oaths.\nThe key to the meaning of an oath is to be found in the relationship between the object of oath and the complement of oath,","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/9700769/Oaths_In_the_Quran","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2014-12-09T18:44:14.417-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":6700998,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":35891419,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/35891419/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Oaths_in_the_Quran.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35891419/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Oaths_In_the_Quran.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/35891419/Oaths_in_the_Quran.docx?1418179107=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DOaths_In_the_Quran.docx\u0026Expires=1732412486\u0026Signature=P-vOwQnF4DAAe-5YD79z6lFIYZR4Wt7l8B8aP2gT67kbbn8PH3vNZJ67t2JcpusZV3XagDFmmySWkEIPUx3wiHnHFn7ZqdJWl35BK9FuZZAHVY11Q3d3NpEo72zljijw~WwEtWwGJ7cAnSrWF7El64yev0DGLDQawjvgoULbVgVHaxXPUWhIj-Q99ugBAjEbO8WWI7NDewJxWxT8mfuV-DDtI7nCp29A0t9yz2qbCfI57ednThdwQ2VyDsOCjoBHfq7jNKJguT9eAZKL5e9h3sszENY-i9SotxsZ4HI~9x-qIv~RzuXVxBbcbMrQgAnSw-ik2ifcPuxdsVwGDXgMCA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Oaths_In_the_Quran","translated_slug":"","page_count":7,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":6700998,"first_name":"Parvez","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Khan","page_name":"ParvezKhan","domain_name":"liverpool","created_at":"2013-11-08T11:34:15.900-08:00","display_name":"Parvez Khan","url":"https://liverpool.academia.edu/ParvezKhan"},"attachments":[{"id":35891419,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/35891419/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Oaths_in_the_Quran.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35891419/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Oaths_In_the_Quran.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/35891419/Oaths_in_the_Quran.docx?1418179107=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DOaths_In_the_Quran.docx\u0026Expires=1732412486\u0026Signature=P-vOwQnF4DAAe-5YD79z6lFIYZR4Wt7l8B8aP2gT67kbbn8PH3vNZJ67t2JcpusZV3XagDFmmySWkEIPUx3wiHnHFn7ZqdJWl35BK9FuZZAHVY11Q3d3NpEo72zljijw~WwEtWwGJ7cAnSrWF7El64yev0DGLDQawjvgoULbVgVHaxXPUWhIj-Q99ugBAjEbO8WWI7NDewJxWxT8mfuV-DDtI7nCp29A0t9yz2qbCfI57ednThdwQ2VyDsOCjoBHfq7jNKJguT9eAZKL5e9h3sszENY-i9SotxsZ4HI~9x-qIv~RzuXVxBbcbMrQgAnSw-ik2ifcPuxdsVwGDXgMCA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7983,"name":"Quranic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_Studies-1"},{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies"},{"id":15866,"name":"Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islam"},{"id":25930,"name":"Tafsir","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tafsir"},{"id":27669,"name":"Quran","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quran"},{"id":765500,"name":"Al-Quran Sciences/Al-Quran Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Al-Quran_Sciences_Al-Quran_Studies"},{"id":1223687,"name":"Quran and Tafsir Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quran_and_Tafsir_Studies"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="9624487"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/9624487/Different_types_of_Spiritual_Hearts"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Different types of Spiritual Hearts" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/35828158/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/9624487/Different_types_of_Spiritual_Hearts">Different types of Spiritual Hearts</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The Quran describes various types of spiritual hearts as a consequence to how it receives and res...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The Quran describes various types of spiritual hearts as a consequence to how it receives and responds to the signs of God.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4ccc057930f175cf62e2ba174d60aaee" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":35828158,"asset_id":9624487,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35828158/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="9624487"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="9624487"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9624487; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9624487]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9624487]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9624487; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='9624487']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9624487, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "4ccc057930f175cf62e2ba174d60aaee" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=9624487]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":9624487,"title":"Different types of Spiritual Hearts","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The Quran describes various types of spiritual hearts as a consequence to how it receives and responds to the signs of God."},"translated_abstract":"The Quran describes various types of spiritual hearts as a consequence to how it receives and responds to the signs of God.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/9624487/Different_types_of_Spiritual_Hearts","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2014-12-04T11:35:09.307-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":6700998,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":35828158,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/35828158/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Spiritual_Heart.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35828158/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Different_types_of_Spiritual_Hearts.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/35828158/Spiritual_Heart.docx?1417721467=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDifferent_types_of_Spiritual_Hearts.docx\u0026Expires=1732412486\u0026Signature=b1tBCTXotiEnyIKVupx-uT9Br1O13xKW1tIeLc9s~BxHUZdUYfYWPTHXROSC5UOrsBUU8WEri-nmBxiuF5quYsRiGhFJ~oIZFQYt7UHPZ6PYQ-mhlRcZwRiuF-0PR87jxmZUgtGCbQH-jXQelOj1d3KhW8hPR6dw~NoUGCOG0mZ5CoRglC6COVe0RZBwzlwIT-Lrrvo4kd3Y8lg-cQXOF9-cAcK6JSS7n~3kpGxoxVFe-KjH07Aj9NfRLvVCjPBOG5oMKnkRl2NQ2v7mGMJ1lyiPaQnH~Ef3idX3Jz-VCtEefQBY6SDa1zgkI43W-kgdNoDloE9hJ2w5QIX3hafQtw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Different_types_of_Spiritual_Hearts","translated_slug":"","page_count":5,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":6700998,"first_name":"Parvez","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Khan","page_name":"ParvezKhan","domain_name":"liverpool","created_at":"2013-11-08T11:34:15.900-08:00","display_name":"Parvez Khan","url":"https://liverpool.academia.edu/ParvezKhan"},"attachments":[{"id":35828158,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/35828158/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Spiritual_Heart.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35828158/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Different_types_of_Spiritual_Hearts.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/35828158/Spiritual_Heart.docx?1417721467=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDifferent_types_of_Spiritual_Hearts.docx\u0026Expires=1732412486\u0026Signature=b1tBCTXotiEnyIKVupx-uT9Br1O13xKW1tIeLc9s~BxHUZdUYfYWPTHXROSC5UOrsBUU8WEri-nmBxiuF5quYsRiGhFJ~oIZFQYt7UHPZ6PYQ-mhlRcZwRiuF-0PR87jxmZUgtGCbQH-jXQelOj1d3KhW8hPR6dw~NoUGCOG0mZ5CoRglC6COVe0RZBwzlwIT-Lrrvo4kd3Y8lg-cQXOF9-cAcK6JSS7n~3kpGxoxVFe-KjH07Aj9NfRLvVCjPBOG5oMKnkRl2NQ2v7mGMJ1lyiPaQnH~Ef3idX3Jz-VCtEefQBY6SDa1zgkI43W-kgdNoDloE9hJ2w5QIX3hafQtw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3815,"name":"Spirituality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spirituality"},{"id":7983,"name":"Quranic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_Studies-1"},{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies"},{"id":47553,"name":"Islamic Spirituality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Spirituality"},{"id":47698,"name":"Quranic Exegesis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_Exegesis"},{"id":918054,"name":"Ibnul Qayyim","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ibnul_Qayyim"},{"id":1002627,"name":"Asceticism (Zuhd) In Early Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asceticism_Zuhd_In_Early_Islam"},{"id":1381639,"name":"Tazkiyah","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tazkiyah"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="6583901"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/6583901/The_Six_Stages_of_the_Creation_in_the_Quran"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Six Stages of the Creation in the Quran" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/33337160/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/6583901/The_Six_Stages_of_the_Creation_in_the_Quran">The Six Stages of the Creation in the Quran</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c822eadc213973f7d5149ab5803a9cef" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":33337160,"asset_id":6583901,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33337160/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="6583901"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="6583901"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6583901; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6583901]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6583901]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6583901; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='6583901']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6583901, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "c822eadc213973f7d5149ab5803a9cef" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=6583901]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":6583901,"title":"The Six Stages of the Creation in the Quran","translated_title":"","metadata":{"grobid_abstract":"\"We created the heavens and the earth and all that is between them in six stages, nor did any sense of weariness touch Us.\" (Quran 50:38) The 6 Stages are from the moment of the creation of matter, and the organizing of the matter into clusters and eventually into stars and planets and so on from the big-bang to now. The evolution of the universe took 6 different stages, and the earth and other planets and stars were developed in 2 stages. Life was developed in 4 stages. So together, it took 6 stages to result in evolved life. These stages don't refer to time stages, but to different levels of evolution of the universe and its life in it, each needing its own step with its own timespan. The biggest mistake people make is looking at the stages as if they occur with each taking the exact same time. So let's see what the Quran tells us more.","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":33337160},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/6583901/The_Six_Stages_of_the_Creation_in_the_Quran","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2014-03-28T14:53:28.208-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":6700998,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":33337160,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/33337160/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"The_Six_Stages_of_the_Creation_in_the_Quran.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33337160/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"The_Six_Stages_of_the_Creation_in_the_Qu.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/33337160/The_Six_Stages_of_the_Creation_in_the_Quran.docx?1396043603=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_Six_Stages_of_the_Creation_in_the_Qu.docx\u0026Expires=1732412486\u0026Signature=Okb8cRUz5rM3ocPJ1X3Y~AqwlfxVncmvBdNk7JyxoRsqea5UOE9fqg4Sla~Dy5PasWC7CL-RPO8xvVVbFuh3EUilG9iX~5~EsF9NYtYD4-lOIGzgmMFhyBYeqtyH1t8pTi47mtPMtLPKv7VWfW6kKGbDQNY58nycq325U~Z-LYGF-qnqEjk6btkTuk7Nw30~-YQQsAGK6Qsme7UbRrapxqgeD7g6UrBRF6XAWtEsgNgXDgn1zNm9s27cEyNtFFbfyC57-fRiYUE1W0AL~i-G-KMPnsyCcQWwgSe3xZLb8xpNv1KTWgTxghaAFInEXRvgL0H4ib9vZqCDR~d3PXFezg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"The_Six_Stages_of_the_Creation_in_the_Quran","translated_slug":"","page_count":4,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":6700998,"first_name":"Parvez","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Khan","page_name":"ParvezKhan","domain_name":"liverpool","created_at":"2013-11-08T11:34:15.900-08:00","display_name":"Parvez Khan","url":"https://liverpool.academia.edu/ParvezKhan"},"attachments":[{"id":33337160,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/33337160/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"The_Six_Stages_of_the_Creation_in_the_Quran.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33337160/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"The_Six_Stages_of_the_Creation_in_the_Qu.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/33337160/The_Six_Stages_of_the_Creation_in_the_Quran.docx?1396043603=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_Six_Stages_of_the_Creation_in_the_Qu.docx\u0026Expires=1732412486\u0026Signature=Okb8cRUz5rM3ocPJ1X3Y~AqwlfxVncmvBdNk7JyxoRsqea5UOE9fqg4Sla~Dy5PasWC7CL-RPO8xvVVbFuh3EUilG9iX~5~EsF9NYtYD4-lOIGzgmMFhyBYeqtyH1t8pTi47mtPMtLPKv7VWfW6kKGbDQNY58nycq325U~Z-LYGF-qnqEjk6btkTuk7Nw30~-YQQsAGK6Qsme7UbRrapxqgeD7g6UrBRF6XAWtEsgNgXDgn1zNm9s27cEyNtFFbfyC57-fRiYUE1W0AL~i-G-KMPnsyCcQWwgSe3xZLb8xpNv1KTWgTxghaAFInEXRvgL0H4ib9vZqCDR~d3PXFezg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6779,"name":"Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science"},{"id":27669,"name":"Quran","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quran"},{"id":473285,"name":"The Quran and the Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Quran_and_the_Science"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="5901080"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/5901080/Quran_civil_and_moral_guidance"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Quran - civil and moral guidance" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32885968/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/5901080/Quran_civil_and_moral_guidance">Quran - civil and moral guidance</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="de01fa719a6ec013d8d132e45adf72a9" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":32885968,"asset_id":5901080,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32885968/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="5901080"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5901080"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5901080; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5901080]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5901080]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5901080; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='5901080']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5901080, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "de01fa719a6ec013d8d132e45adf72a9" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=5901080]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":5901080,"title":"Quran - civil and moral guidance","translated_title":"","metadata":{},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/5901080/Quran_civil_and_moral_guidance","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2014-01-31T04:26:21.945-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":6700998,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32885968,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32885968/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Quran_moral_guidance.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32885968/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Quran_civil_and_moral_guidance.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/32885968/Quran_moral_guidance.docx?1391171065=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DQuran_civil_and_moral_guidance.docx\u0026Expires=1732345622\u0026Signature=LLJywmAFWAeUm4h9~ye6M7IS0S8nkER82cLwvpZpQ~-~xt-KG-jp~-bo-z8sHze1hpFZwaKuWu-AZDXm2EapuMmvIdeMEYVxc99QrEKN6pt7WCWBFvf5N5rHBwr3QAHhPMC8XMRYlSlG6n3R0HEAY7u0BwU1uzDJwR6j5hrZoKVDcMG1HD~KwMb-65nGYhQ8zHRKKTabREYxjHQOVLiC87Bk6WaR9xO6ANCtpbWLvHG5~-SyIh88~HVzSmnUFMJnh5XpoYThnldSKyfjqn5DDf~c5Vqbqp6ayvKRbOyh6bqZraZZAg9w0ubAEktIWLGL~HQaqicGIwVS7GgNbE58bg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Quran_civil_and_moral_guidance","translated_slug":"","page_count":10,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":6700998,"first_name":"Parvez","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Khan","page_name":"ParvezKhan","domain_name":"liverpool","created_at":"2013-11-08T11:34:15.900-08:00","display_name":"Parvez Khan","url":"https://liverpool.academia.edu/ParvezKhan"},"attachments":[{"id":32885968,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32885968/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Quran_moral_guidance.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32885968/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Quran_civil_and_moral_guidance.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/32885968/Quran_moral_guidance.docx?1391171065=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DQuran_civil_and_moral_guidance.docx\u0026Expires=1732345622\u0026Signature=LLJywmAFWAeUm4h9~ye6M7IS0S8nkER82cLwvpZpQ~-~xt-KG-jp~-bo-z8sHze1hpFZwaKuWu-AZDXm2EapuMmvIdeMEYVxc99QrEKN6pt7WCWBFvf5N5rHBwr3QAHhPMC8XMRYlSlG6n3R0HEAY7u0BwU1uzDJwR6j5hrZoKVDcMG1HD~KwMb-65nGYhQ8zHRKKTabREYxjHQOVLiC87Bk6WaR9xO6ANCtpbWLvHG5~-SyIh88~HVzSmnUFMJnh5XpoYThnldSKyfjqn5DDf~c5Vqbqp6ayvKRbOyh6bqZraZZAg9w0ubAEktIWLGL~HQaqicGIwVS7GgNbE58bg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7983,"name":"Quranic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_Studies-1"},{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="5837733"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/5837733/Surah_Quraish_Tafsir"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Surah Quraish Tafsir " class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32842028/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/5837733/Surah_Quraish_Tafsir">Surah Quraish Tafsir </a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="e867b3bbc118dadbabecc44fd3cb1137" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":32842028,"asset_id":5837733,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32842028/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="5837733"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5837733"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5837733; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5837733]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5837733]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5837733; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='5837733']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5837733, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "e867b3bbc118dadbabecc44fd3cb1137" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=5837733]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":5837733,"title":"Surah Quraish Tafsir ","translated_title":"","metadata":{},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/5837733/Surah_Quraish_Tafsir","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2014-01-25T11:21:53.901-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":6700998,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32842028,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32842028/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Surah_Quraish.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32842028/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Surah_Quraish_Tafsir.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/32842028/Surah_Quraish.docx?1390677661=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSurah_Quraish_Tafsir.docx\u0026Expires=1732345622\u0026Signature=GmS7DumJHHVKmiUVvsCnxl8WbmRu9FgYMG8sLfXGGRczgTIuQpip7ptI~d23FxTuNtNHXKQcEnrq7gJ1fRtIYLpZV9B7Lw1VR~tMS8PkxsdIpnUZFgi0N94r40gCpdW5RxMZOEcmYd-AfZdh1any0DksqVgnwKX-0t4NSxIO3M0Ialoi7XHyc0-9jL6YsamghVnIQavt-w1PKpAfd9lziLNoMxqmhHzmb0iYFow87S5hPKAwiJkwrJqVSbbLzEKaKfmRXhbscJ3yjFJirvMMhiZKZLPHJ8FDcsnY4lKmYohhAcPqUV93XlTQur98ZHrb~VwWxNOQqBWjK79qFBdTVw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Surah_Quraish_Tafsir","translated_slug":"","page_count":4,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":6700998,"first_name":"Parvez","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Khan","page_name":"ParvezKhan","domain_name":"liverpool","created_at":"2013-11-08T11:34:15.900-08:00","display_name":"Parvez Khan","url":"https://liverpool.academia.edu/ParvezKhan"},"attachments":[{"id":32842028,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32842028/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Surah_Quraish.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32842028/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Surah_Quraish_Tafsir.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/32842028/Surah_Quraish.docx?1390677661=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSurah_Quraish_Tafsir.docx\u0026Expires=1732345622\u0026Signature=GmS7DumJHHVKmiUVvsCnxl8WbmRu9FgYMG8sLfXGGRczgTIuQpip7ptI~d23FxTuNtNHXKQcEnrq7gJ1fRtIYLpZV9B7Lw1VR~tMS8PkxsdIpnUZFgi0N94r40gCpdW5RxMZOEcmYd-AfZdh1any0DksqVgnwKX-0t4NSxIO3M0Ialoi7XHyc0-9jL6YsamghVnIQavt-w1PKpAfd9lziLNoMxqmhHzmb0iYFow87S5hPKAwiJkwrJqVSbbLzEKaKfmRXhbscJ3yjFJirvMMhiZKZLPHJ8FDcsnY4lKmYohhAcPqUV93XlTQur98ZHrb~VwWxNOQqBWjK79qFBdTVw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7983,"name":"Quranic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_Studies-1"},{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies"},{"id":25930,"name":"Tafsir","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tafsir"},{"id":1223687,"name":"Quran and Tafsir Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quran_and_Tafsir_Studies"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="5836374"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/5836374/Disjointed_Letters_in_the_Quran"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Disjointed Letters in the Quran" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32841162/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/5836374/Disjointed_Letters_in_the_Quran">Disjointed Letters in the Quran</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="eb8b2b93892a582c76130c016905b4d6" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":32841162,"asset_id":5836374,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32841162/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="5836374"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5836374"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5836374; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5836374]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5836374]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5836374; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='5836374']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5836374, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "eb8b2b93892a582c76130c016905b4d6" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=5836374]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":5836374,"title":"Disjointed Letters in the Quran","translated_title":"","metadata":{"grobid_abstract":") are unique letter combinations that appear in the beginning of 29 surahs (chapters) of the Qur'an. Muqatta'at literally means abbreviated or shortened.","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":32841162},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/5836374/Disjointed_Letters_in_the_Quran","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2014-01-25T06:42:39.742-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":6700998,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32841162,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32841162/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Muqattaat_-_disjointed_letters.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32841162/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Disjointed_Letters_in_the_Quran.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/32841162/Muqattaat_-_disjointed_letters.docx?1390660942=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDisjointed_Letters_in_the_Quran.docx\u0026Expires=1732412486\u0026Signature=HiSlktE1qjMCbFQH53XBQm5wj~MlGCopvxbBRT-FFX1tV0vKU0Prv2kQRD55mlSnjg4p5j6RPxrGou6zoz8GaNTHNaW1dC~16vRcAsAzOQfIKOq9LQdb1pPe-kbFansTCWQI7cL7N~NYFWQcAS9VhQU-qP8M0CvHJrjgotKEoyA8LULQVfXy93Na~IQbDK9DrtmtpSeJxkK2J45Heqc8PE7kEBh83tkjdLGrniuM92XJ~HsGlY5NcdZM2lrOF8FU4GqdQ2AJQWBkuWbQ-fC08uaa3CU8RY7GlkUNDtked3ecHnbImz4SRkScmGSsnxqDOKWT4PBGWdTJeWrQsfPUsg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Disjointed_Letters_in_the_Quran","translated_slug":"","page_count":9,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":6700998,"first_name":"Parvez","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Khan","page_name":"ParvezKhan","domain_name":"liverpool","created_at":"2013-11-08T11:34:15.900-08:00","display_name":"Parvez Khan","url":"https://liverpool.academia.edu/ParvezKhan"},"attachments":[{"id":32841162,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32841162/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Muqattaat_-_disjointed_letters.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32841162/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Disjointed_Letters_in_the_Quran.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/32841162/Muqattaat_-_disjointed_letters.docx?1390660942=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDisjointed_Letters_in_the_Quran.docx\u0026Expires=1732412486\u0026Signature=HiSlktE1qjMCbFQH53XBQm5wj~MlGCopvxbBRT-FFX1tV0vKU0Prv2kQRD55mlSnjg4p5j6RPxrGou6zoz8GaNTHNaW1dC~16vRcAsAzOQfIKOq9LQdb1pPe-kbFansTCWQI7cL7N~NYFWQcAS9VhQU-qP8M0CvHJrjgotKEoyA8LULQVfXy93Na~IQbDK9DrtmtpSeJxkK2J45Heqc8PE7kEBh83tkjdLGrniuM92XJ~HsGlY5NcdZM2lrOF8FU4GqdQ2AJQWBkuWbQ-fC08uaa3CU8RY7GlkUNDtked3ecHnbImz4SRkScmGSsnxqDOKWT4PBGWdTJeWrQsfPUsg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7983,"name":"Quranic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_Studies-1"},{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies"},{"id":25930,"name":"Tafsir","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tafsir"},{"id":1223687,"name":"Quran and Tafsir Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quran_and_Tafsir_Studies"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="5836327"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/5836327/Surah_Al_Insaan_Tafseer"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Surah Al Insaan Tafseer " class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32841121/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/5836327/Surah_Al_Insaan_Tafseer">Surah Al Insaan Tafseer </a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="adaafa7d5812de3ffb5905d006f18733" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":32841121,"asset_id":5836327,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32841121/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="5836327"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5836327"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5836327; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5836327]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5836327]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5836327; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='5836327']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5836327, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "adaafa7d5812de3ffb5905d006f18733" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=5836327]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":5836327,"title":"Surah Al Insaan Tafseer ","translated_title":"","metadata":{},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/5836327/Surah_Al_Insaan_Tafseer","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2014-01-25T06:35:49.142-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":6700998,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32841121,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32841121/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Surah_Ad-Dahr.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32841121/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Surah_Al_Insaan_Tafseer.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/32841121/Surah_Ad-Dahr.docx?1390660428=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSurah_Al_Insaan_Tafseer.docx\u0026Expires=1732412486\u0026Signature=K3XwOKeaqaLPatUhpxGQguLReXmarPXAnnehHDetLbkQbk2bSFQHUDz0I0xZj4AN2jsiJWP3fimADP2ZWCxCfxElggKnmymELubcsuuOIBg2Vrf3izophTZtqihAIW5aFQ5W3eRqfBH-V0VpKl9T6qAdBkPTS-o46bVAWFjQ1npudddzsklhmGhxrjuotJI~oRxZ7X~Br0XcL1s9cdVbYheNb3FRrYFPt0dOi3ChaE5gBgzCZ33MZ27NZcMtf0iCNL-48UlEAQW9OSQnSS8gVCWt1XPwZmnC2KvAUK2m42dJzaFpnAsal7kU2J96cg9SMq2FjGVY1uXO9SnWjwaySA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Surah_Al_Insaan_Tafseer","translated_slug":"","page_count":13,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":6700998,"first_name":"Parvez","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Khan","page_name":"ParvezKhan","domain_name":"liverpool","created_at":"2013-11-08T11:34:15.900-08:00","display_name":"Parvez Khan","url":"https://liverpool.academia.edu/ParvezKhan"},"attachments":[{"id":32841121,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32841121/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Surah_Ad-Dahr.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32841121/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Surah_Al_Insaan_Tafseer.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/32841121/Surah_Ad-Dahr.docx?1390660428=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSurah_Al_Insaan_Tafseer.docx\u0026Expires=1732412486\u0026Signature=K3XwOKeaqaLPatUhpxGQguLReXmarPXAnnehHDetLbkQbk2bSFQHUDz0I0xZj4AN2jsiJWP3fimADP2ZWCxCfxElggKnmymELubcsuuOIBg2Vrf3izophTZtqihAIW5aFQ5W3eRqfBH-V0VpKl9T6qAdBkPTS-o46bVAWFjQ1npudddzsklhmGhxrjuotJI~oRxZ7X~Br0XcL1s9cdVbYheNb3FRrYFPt0dOi3ChaE5gBgzCZ33MZ27NZcMtf0iCNL-48UlEAQW9OSQnSS8gVCWt1XPwZmnC2KvAUK2m42dJzaFpnAsal7kU2J96cg9SMq2FjGVY1uXO9SnWjwaySA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7983,"name":"Quranic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_Studies-1"},{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies"},{"id":15866,"name":"Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islam"},{"id":25930,"name":"Tafsir","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tafsir"},{"id":47698,"name":"Quranic Exegesis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_Exegesis"},{"id":106348,"name":"Quranic and Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_and_Islamic_Studies"},{"id":571509,"name":"Arabic and Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabic_and_Islamic_Studies"},{"id":724523,"name":"QURANIC TAFSEER","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/QURANIC_TAFSEER"},{"id":1029282,"name":"Tafsir Bi al ma'thur","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tafsir_Bi_al_mathur"},{"id":1223687,"name":"Quran and Tafsir Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quran_and_Tafsir_Studies"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="5836308"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/5836308/Sunni_Islam_the_Saved_Group"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Sunni Islam the Saved Group" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32841116/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/5836308/Sunni_Islam_the_Saved_Group">Sunni Islam the Saved Group</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4f9484b567068848022dad4df1a0685a" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":32841116,"asset_id":5836308,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32841116/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="5836308"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5836308"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5836308; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5836308]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5836308]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5836308; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='5836308']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5836308, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "4f9484b567068848022dad4df1a0685a" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=5836308]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":5836308,"title":"Sunni Islam the Saved Group","translated_title":"","metadata":{},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/5836308/Sunni_Islam_the_Saved_Group","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2014-01-25T06:32:31.692-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":6700998,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32841116,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32841116/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Saved_Group.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32841116/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Sunni_Islam_the_Saved_Group.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/32841116/Saved_Group.docx?1390660286=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSunni_Islam_the_Saved_Group.docx\u0026Expires=1732345623\u0026Signature=V9H~sqP5hVxl4NFl3qd4V-rfuvpofJhuq7K0uXpQrmexhDAsxtxf81RWUyo-FtR6bWZVv2vVeu2KwlK5fetiOZLfIUQy~qG5cS0r2eWw-mXaonBlCMl5DrD4LzScl1pLLDmSerOJiat5~CEkjuzq2OIciddN~dvPau7et-IQ-a~WSvWQZFATZ1eI06ikS2oHz1diSzWSHnG8RUdf4YJa8R5xmVprU9E0sJrPRXEJ3yqA3SZdJnVJzmB5UAXIdyhwCfq237MhG291XP1c2IwsRVCc3YXm-Wn0Zapc6kJLMh5HXfGuHkjnFgDpT5qbDPw40l~-qjVWp6jotCHOvFzAig__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Sunni_Islam_the_Saved_Group","translated_slug":"","page_count":3,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":6700998,"first_name":"Parvez","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Khan","page_name":"ParvezKhan","domain_name":"liverpool","created_at":"2013-11-08T11:34:15.900-08:00","display_name":"Parvez Khan","url":"https://liverpool.academia.edu/ParvezKhan"},"attachments":[{"id":32841116,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32841116/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Saved_Group.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32841116/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Sunni_Islam_the_Saved_Group.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/32841116/Saved_Group.docx?1390660286=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSunni_Islam_the_Saved_Group.docx\u0026Expires=1732345623\u0026Signature=V9H~sqP5hVxl4NFl3qd4V-rfuvpofJhuq7K0uXpQrmexhDAsxtxf81RWUyo-FtR6bWZVv2vVeu2KwlK5fetiOZLfIUQy~qG5cS0r2eWw-mXaonBlCMl5DrD4LzScl1pLLDmSerOJiat5~CEkjuzq2OIciddN~dvPau7et-IQ-a~WSvWQZFATZ1eI06ikS2oHz1diSzWSHnG8RUdf4YJa8R5xmVprU9E0sJrPRXEJ3yqA3SZdJnVJzmB5UAXIdyhwCfq237MhG291XP1c2IwsRVCc3YXm-Wn0Zapc6kJLMh5HXfGuHkjnFgDpT5qbDPw40l~-qjVWp6jotCHOvFzAig__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1302,"name":"Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theology"},{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies"},{"id":15866,"name":"Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islam"},{"id":59854,"name":"Islamic Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Theology"},{"id":828733,"name":"Sunni Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sunni_Islam"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="5689278"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/5689278/Authority_of_Prophetic_teachings_from_Quran"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Authority of Prophetic teachings from Quran" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32738021/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/5689278/Authority_of_Prophetic_teachings_from_Quran">Authority of Prophetic teachings from Quran</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="82c8d480f4a1d652e7533c204f72be2c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":32738021,"asset_id":5689278,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32738021/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="5689278"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5689278"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5689278; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5689278]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5689278]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5689278; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='5689278']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5689278, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "82c8d480f4a1d652e7533c204f72be2c" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=5689278]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":5689278,"title":"Authority of Prophetic teachings from Quran","translated_title":"","metadata":{"grobid_abstract":"Sunnah -Linguistically means a path, a way. A simple road. From a Shari point of view it has many meanings.","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":32738021},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/5689278/Authority_of_Prophetic_teachings_from_Quran","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2014-01-12T06:56:42.269-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":6700998,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32738021,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32738021/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Authority_of_Sunnah.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32738021/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Authority_of_Prophetic_teachings_from_Qu.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/32738021/Authority_of_Sunnah.docx?1389538526=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAuthority_of_Prophetic_teachings_from_Qu.docx\u0026Expires=1732412486\u0026Signature=ACv7cCjd-V6-~uWVsNHuXpVsVOrJKpk8x3yXAJzB01ww5nDLWr0ZFZta2lsxC-V~izxDASlmXl3AdGqOjGhSaxzN~GdtUoQRW3g2Co6P4lia3LJDCmPDnHSa6tEXDKTv6IHF41vR1wOiM6a-Kh9r8vpFuBLs6M2FTiuLBS1bLkQMxpxZfS3ln0AbyfwEom2Qe2-d1FhfXO~577DIJZVhtZZ6XEVLGUHnfDCU9Ps9ZhKdKxc-pzYwgmOEAeBqI9YULeMoyR2I--9c7nipbGZeqBrSrvjFe~PKPH-xo64pQF1D~PmOWU5GTQVG99r0WDOprEjIUS9WGOxKK4eVMJhw0g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Authority_of_Prophetic_teachings_from_Quran","translated_slug":"","page_count":11,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":6700998,"first_name":"Parvez","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Khan","page_name":"ParvezKhan","domain_name":"liverpool","created_at":"2013-11-08T11:34:15.900-08:00","display_name":"Parvez Khan","url":"https://liverpool.academia.edu/ParvezKhan"},"attachments":[{"id":32738021,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32738021/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Authority_of_Sunnah.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32738021/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Authority_of_Prophetic_teachings_from_Qu.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/32738021/Authority_of_Sunnah.docx?1389538526=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAuthority_of_Prophetic_teachings_from_Qu.docx\u0026Expires=1732412486\u0026Signature=ACv7cCjd-V6-~uWVsNHuXpVsVOrJKpk8x3yXAJzB01ww5nDLWr0ZFZta2lsxC-V~izxDASlmXl3AdGqOjGhSaxzN~GdtUoQRW3g2Co6P4lia3LJDCmPDnHSa6tEXDKTv6IHF41vR1wOiM6a-Kh9r8vpFuBLs6M2FTiuLBS1bLkQMxpxZfS3ln0AbyfwEom2Qe2-d1FhfXO~577DIJZVhtZZ6XEVLGUHnfDCU9Ps9ZhKdKxc-pzYwgmOEAeBqI9YULeMoyR2I--9c7nipbGZeqBrSrvjFe~PKPH-xo64pQF1D~PmOWU5GTQVG99r0WDOprEjIUS9WGOxKK4eVMJhw0g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7983,"name":"Quranic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_Studies-1"},{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies"},{"id":15799,"name":"Hadith Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hadith_Studies"},{"id":119466,"name":"Al-Quran \u0026 Al-Hadith","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Al-Quran_and_Al-Hadith"},{"id":139592,"name":"Quran and Sunnah Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quran_and_Sunnah_Studies"},{"id":201515,"name":"'Ulum al-Hadith","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ulum_al-Hadith"},{"id":1003722,"name":"Sunnah","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sunnah"},{"id":1019143,"name":"The Hadith","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Hadith"},{"id":1223708,"name":"Qur'anic and Hadith sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_and_Hadith_sciences"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="5644492"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/5644492/Authority_of_Prophetic_Sunnah"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Authority of Prophetic Sunnah" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32708056/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/5644492/Authority_of_Prophetic_Sunnah">Authority of Prophetic Sunnah</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="0b8bdf311bd038782a53a585d53ab81c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":32708056,"asset_id":5644492,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32708056/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="5644492"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5644492"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5644492; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5644492]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5644492]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5644492; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='5644492']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5644492, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "0b8bdf311bd038782a53a585d53ab81c" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=5644492]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":5644492,"title":"Authority of Prophetic Sunnah","translated_title":"","metadata":{},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/5644492/Authority_of_Prophetic_Sunnah","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2014-01-08T05:00:23.922-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":6700998,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32708056,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32708056/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Authority_of_Sunnah.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32708056/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Authority_of_Prophetic_Sunnah.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/32708056/Authority_of_Sunnah.docx?1389185935=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAuthority_of_Prophetic_Sunnah.docx\u0026Expires=1732412486\u0026Signature=fBFnYTNUZ~dNUGrTJKEerrs3h60ggD8Gi0WRsHGAKGGN3UnZF7MS-S59xJAjR7~5b3qeGihiwiF~Cug6FCnP0VBpoh~Iz7RE4c4k8IyfB-JpcpUkLpyAeCezTqYJ-9jwW8hlIzFL-vrjM~eCczYgEwpNNoqQeH5Ivf7lF-OTJH8Ju25wCijU7Qj~7TyEj5fYnS9aXmITf-N7-Ik6JCbPhHRI0KICt92yXSYytz4mFflTypPl5Gx4AqrWERsyAGDCBn9-CHEhW2qo5L5bbySEs551YuPh4sYCz62w6LrVnBNs8spskmvp6-HT5543MwEIHq9ubAu8qK6VKF1BnwLJYA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Authority_of_Prophetic_Sunnah","translated_slug":"","page_count":5,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":6700998,"first_name":"Parvez","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Khan","page_name":"ParvezKhan","domain_name":"liverpool","created_at":"2013-11-08T11:34:15.900-08:00","display_name":"Parvez Khan","url":"https://liverpool.academia.edu/ParvezKhan"},"attachments":[{"id":32708056,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32708056/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Authority_of_Sunnah.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32708056/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Authority_of_Prophetic_Sunnah.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/32708056/Authority_of_Sunnah.docx?1389185935=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAuthority_of_Prophetic_Sunnah.docx\u0026Expires=1732412486\u0026Signature=fBFnYTNUZ~dNUGrTJKEerrs3h60ggD8Gi0WRsHGAKGGN3UnZF7MS-S59xJAjR7~5b3qeGihiwiF~Cug6FCnP0VBpoh~Iz7RE4c4k8IyfB-JpcpUkLpyAeCezTqYJ-9jwW8hlIzFL-vrjM~eCczYgEwpNNoqQeH5Ivf7lF-OTJH8Ju25wCijU7Qj~7TyEj5fYnS9aXmITf-N7-Ik6JCbPhHRI0KICt92yXSYytz4mFflTypPl5Gx4AqrWERsyAGDCBn9-CHEhW2qo5L5bbySEs551YuPh4sYCz62w6LrVnBNs8spskmvp6-HT5543MwEIHq9ubAu8qK6VKF1BnwLJYA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies"},{"id":15799,"name":"Hadith Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hadith_Studies"},{"id":15800,"name":"Islamic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_History"},{"id":82097,"name":"The Hadith (Critical Concepts in Islamic Studies)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Hadith_Critical_Concepts_in_Islamic_Studies_"},{"id":106348,"name":"Quranic and Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_and_Islamic_Studies"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="5620230"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/5620230/Imam_Mahdi"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Imam Mahdi " class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32692375/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/5620230/Imam_Mahdi">Imam Mahdi </a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="6b5a7015c1fd8fca8951a2472aea40b8" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":32692375,"asset_id":5620230,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32692375/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="5620230"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5620230"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5620230; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5620230]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5620230]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5620230; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='5620230']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5620230, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "6b5a7015c1fd8fca8951a2472aea40b8" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=5620230]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":5620230,"title":"Imam Mahdi ","translated_title":"","metadata":{},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/5620230/Imam_Mahdi","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2014-01-06T05:53:39.583-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":6700998,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32692375,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32692375/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Imam_Mahdi.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32692375/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Imam_Mahdi.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/32692375/Imam_Mahdi.docx?1389016388=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DImam_Mahdi.docx\u0026Expires=1732345623\u0026Signature=H1BEAUakOCrNXyYpYOnMGOlgSuSxGfo-Pdof-E79HOlJ9FGEDOv1e5ogn6ruP1eaao3s85tdoRVQmz3UxIOBFItFcfHuCthv818NhsAqs7g3z3w7budDcpm7hEQm-LAAEv0J5bkpnvtly9~hE-ztXcDXx1f0NibPNBHga-hCl7a7S3E3k81Kb6uRrsj1A3N6LmCvxckBgcNay1dr4UfGf8tQbJoDOocnP7SSrBlQb23KN1WaZB0VewvpHKLVK3ExF4KywXPMQN~SXe49g394K89pn4Pf0p4YP1fjoHSAfYG1k0LJTY9-3AikYD43XuOL1rAAzF36A1iu7DJnCjMSDA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Imam_Mahdi","translated_slug":"","page_count":12,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":6700998,"first_name":"Parvez","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Khan","page_name":"ParvezKhan","domain_name":"liverpool","created_at":"2013-11-08T11:34:15.900-08:00","display_name":"Parvez Khan","url":"https://liverpool.academia.edu/ParvezKhan"},"attachments":[{"id":32692375,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32692375/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Imam_Mahdi.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32692375/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Imam_Mahdi.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/32692375/Imam_Mahdi.docx?1389016388=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DImam_Mahdi.docx\u0026Expires=1732345623\u0026Signature=H1BEAUakOCrNXyYpYOnMGOlgSuSxGfo-Pdof-E79HOlJ9FGEDOv1e5ogn6ruP1eaao3s85tdoRVQmz3UxIOBFItFcfHuCthv818NhsAqs7g3z3w7budDcpm7hEQm-LAAEv0J5bkpnvtly9~hE-ztXcDXx1f0NibPNBHga-hCl7a7S3E3k81Kb6uRrsj1A3N6LmCvxckBgcNay1dr4UfGf8tQbJoDOocnP7SSrBlQb23KN1WaZB0VewvpHKLVK3ExF4KywXPMQN~SXe49g394K89pn4Pf0p4YP1fjoHSAfYG1k0LJTY9-3AikYD43XuOL1rAAzF36A1iu7DJnCjMSDA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":59854,"name":"Islamic Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Theology"},{"id":974041,"name":"Islamic Thought and Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Thought_and_Theology"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="5620222"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/5620222/Islamic_theology_and_monothiesm"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Islamic theology and monothiesm" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32692368/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/5620222/Islamic_theology_and_monothiesm">Islamic theology and monothiesm</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="9ac6d33b246fd0a6d81ac195b88ece32" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":32692368,"asset_id":5620222,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32692368/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="5620222"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5620222"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5620222; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5620222]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5620222]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5620222; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='5620222']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5620222, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "9ac6d33b246fd0a6d81ac195b88ece32" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=5620222]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":5620222,"title":"Islamic theology and monothiesm","translated_title":"","metadata":{},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/5620222/Islamic_theology_and_monothiesm","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2014-01-06T05:52:28.961-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":6700998,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32692368,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32692368/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Aqidah_al_Tahawiyya.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32692368/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Islamic_theology_and_monothiesm.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/32692368/Aqidah_al_Tahawiyya.docx?1389016298=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DIslamic_theology_and_monothiesm.docx\u0026Expires=1732345623\u0026Signature=g6kUVlII9bWdjdgEVzIt-jerGZM1yHyc624qkV9rL8Cf~jx86vsQbr2deSbcjJxdTImoYAbjGmzS4FgepVb7Ee4CRps0HKEpHG04w-MfSyfPccYQtw4vrVnUR-ZuGPdoJmraQCuxxNSMSZfkO6WvSH30Kz3VCOtxwRLQYU0ArCvQ6pLydAEltHpHcPuIEWsPqNyfAhspJ75~5~ifQAVeD39QE0MmlE4jxb04PdK-L6r-zxCltA318EVMU683ECRxIESGWCV5w3wEZNevL6ldFmKycB45lN0u9D1dK1jSFtmC6zhGKuzJc4ZwXVFo2gCUkt8MgsnJ5G7JeVRvuEK08A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Islamic_theology_and_monothiesm","translated_slug":"","page_count":11,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":6700998,"first_name":"Parvez","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Khan","page_name":"ParvezKhan","domain_name":"liverpool","created_at":"2013-11-08T11:34:15.900-08:00","display_name":"Parvez Khan","url":"https://liverpool.academia.edu/ParvezKhan"},"attachments":[{"id":32692368,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32692368/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Aqidah_al_Tahawiyya.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32692368/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Islamic_theology_and_monothiesm.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/32692368/Aqidah_al_Tahawiyya.docx?1389016298=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DIslamic_theology_and_monothiesm.docx\u0026Expires=1732345623\u0026Signature=g6kUVlII9bWdjdgEVzIt-jerGZM1yHyc624qkV9rL8Cf~jx86vsQbr2deSbcjJxdTImoYAbjGmzS4FgepVb7Ee4CRps0HKEpHG04w-MfSyfPccYQtw4vrVnUR-ZuGPdoJmraQCuxxNSMSZfkO6WvSH30Kz3VCOtxwRLQYU0ArCvQ6pLydAEltHpHcPuIEWsPqNyfAhspJ75~5~ifQAVeD39QE0MmlE4jxb04PdK-L6r-zxCltA318EVMU683ECRxIESGWCV5w3wEZNevL6ldFmKycB45lN0u9D1dK1jSFtmC6zhGKuzJc4ZwXVFo2gCUkt8MgsnJ5G7JeVRvuEK08A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5675,"name":"Kalam (Islamic Theology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kalam_Islamic_Theology_"},{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="5618437"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/5618437/Wisdoms_of_human_suffering"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Wisdoms of human suffering" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32691181/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/5618437/Wisdoms_of_human_suffering">Wisdoms of human suffering</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="46801bdfc83943aa3e8c099c12333ca4" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":32691181,"asset_id":5618437,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32691181/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="5618437"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5618437"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5618437; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5618437]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5618437]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5618437; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='5618437']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5618437, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "46801bdfc83943aa3e8c099c12333ca4" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=5618437]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":5618437,"title":"Wisdoms of human suffering","translated_title":"","metadata":{},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/5618437/Wisdoms_of_human_suffering","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2014-01-06T02:27:16.594-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":6700998,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32691181,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32691181/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Reconcilation_between_existance_of_God_and_human_suffering.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32691181/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Wisdoms_of_human_suffering.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/32691181/Reconcilation_between_existance_of_God_and_human_suffering.docx?1389003996=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DWisdoms_of_human_suffering.docx\u0026Expires=1732345623\u0026Signature=g~Mk~gvoU~b9jcokpQ5YXgUqzIroZSNug6Rr9iWDnOGr1Rht~ol7HGb4-WUp1oW0UWkQ~Etf4GQkmpvOzsONZf3hZtssue58OmBdJSaumMWHoJlnaA81tubxsAhCbLggdBFx315S2rooXm0QQMRGgRYCGa9wmG7P8OKrMZuWuULWdTNE0ol9Ktwlgxv4nO0GgOTkgOGCmk6wyCtibSQL87bX~kIYBjxWgUyp69~ncYCLqRfY5brlGW4hUS5OeK069AoU9e8qIZU2u-K-FKQpy~w1rgrQPbQXF4ydI60b~izphsjswGdfyIuwvE02klt~AKIDWaDu~0leDV8zE60aOA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Wisdoms_of_human_suffering","translated_slug":"","page_count":26,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":6700998,"first_name":"Parvez","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Khan","page_name":"ParvezKhan","domain_name":"liverpool","created_at":"2013-11-08T11:34:15.900-08:00","display_name":"Parvez Khan","url":"https://liverpool.academia.edu/ParvezKhan"},"attachments":[{"id":32691181,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32691181/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Reconcilation_between_existance_of_God_and_human_suffering.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32691181/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Wisdoms_of_human_suffering.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/32691181/Reconcilation_between_existance_of_God_and_human_suffering.docx?1389003996=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DWisdoms_of_human_suffering.docx\u0026Expires=1732345623\u0026Signature=g~Mk~gvoU~b9jcokpQ5YXgUqzIroZSNug6Rr9iWDnOGr1Rht~ol7HGb4-WUp1oW0UWkQ~Etf4GQkmpvOzsONZf3hZtssue58OmBdJSaumMWHoJlnaA81tubxsAhCbLggdBFx315S2rooXm0QQMRGgRYCGa9wmG7P8OKrMZuWuULWdTNE0ol9Ktwlgxv4nO0GgOTkgOGCmk6wyCtibSQL87bX~kIYBjxWgUyp69~ncYCLqRfY5brlGW4hUS5OeK069AoU9e8qIZU2u-K-FKQpy~w1rgrQPbQXF4ydI60b~izphsjswGdfyIuwvE02klt~AKIDWaDu~0leDV8zE60aOA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":47553,"name":"Islamic Spirituality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Spirituality"},{"id":59854,"name":"Islamic Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Theology"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="5618392"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/5618392/Messiahs_ascension"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Messiah's ascension " class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32691154/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/5618392/Messiahs_ascension">Messiah's ascension </a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="5ea6d184aaf1a1d1db5e50e7f24b251e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":32691154,"asset_id":5618392,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32691154/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="5618392"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5618392"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5618392; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5618392]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5618392]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5618392; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='5618392']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5618392, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "5ea6d184aaf1a1d1db5e50e7f24b251e" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=5618392]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":5618392,"title":"Messiah's ascension ","translated_title":"","metadata":{},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/5618392/Messiahs_ascension","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2014-01-06T02:23:59.416-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":6700998,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32691154,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32691154/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Prophet_isa_ibn_maryam_was_raised_up_alive.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32691154/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Messiahs_ascension.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/32691154/Prophet_isa_ibn_maryam_was_raised_up_alive.docx?1389003810=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMessiahs_ascension.docx\u0026Expires=1732412486\u0026Signature=Dhj~JeV9YN1-yrFH5iYcSy8Z~1WKv77FFXeEnYZGj4bTAg6p3szFnVXpgxTE-T5HhT4TGee2XWZ5oUiRwaMAgMQfwdiTapKFZq2NWLxbhbU8Ioab7AxBrczfPYgDsx5Ph508WaN8MtujsakxCp6O5ZmXXTeUXSRJZ9eqKDbBMlvKKv4E5ZCLSVhC2e8HghABfZiPuIbRHp~tsaS6M0Xn8YVVcKBjJegKqh4BuZsHFPVw9kZSUTBxthW70lw8hlzweyLzO--Ykktc95SzwjWs48nV8AoMCm0A1JVYD8ivgv6DhLfk~T4nLzo-o1LUjywg93lE4nnYkGncdbjHRJcWRw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Messiahs_ascension","translated_slug":"","page_count":15,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":6700998,"first_name":"Parvez","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Khan","page_name":"ParvezKhan","domain_name":"liverpool","created_at":"2013-11-08T11:34:15.900-08:00","display_name":"Parvez Khan","url":"https://liverpool.academia.edu/ParvezKhan"},"attachments":[{"id":32691154,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32691154/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Prophet_isa_ibn_maryam_was_raised_up_alive.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32691154/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Messiahs_ascension.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/32691154/Prophet_isa_ibn_maryam_was_raised_up_alive.docx?1389003810=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMessiahs_ascension.docx\u0026Expires=1732412486\u0026Signature=Dhj~JeV9YN1-yrFH5iYcSy8Z~1WKv77FFXeEnYZGj4bTAg6p3szFnVXpgxTE-T5HhT4TGee2XWZ5oUiRwaMAgMQfwdiTapKFZq2NWLxbhbU8Ioab7AxBrczfPYgDsx5Ph508WaN8MtujsakxCp6O5ZmXXTeUXSRJZ9eqKDbBMlvKKv4E5ZCLSVhC2e8HghABfZiPuIbRHp~tsaS6M0Xn8YVVcKBjJegKqh4BuZsHFPVw9kZSUTBxthW70lw8hlzweyLzO--Ykktc95SzwjWs48nV8AoMCm0A1JVYD8ivgv6DhLfk~T4nLzo-o1LUjywg93lE4nnYkGncdbjHRJcWRw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":59854,"name":"Islamic Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Theology"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="5618391"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/5618391/Jesus_is_alive"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Jesus is alive" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32836107/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/5618391/Jesus_is_alive">Jesus is alive</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="8ac9f97b3421cd65ae12da80ed4f4260" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":32836107,"asset_id":5618391,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32836107/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="5618391"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5618391"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5618391; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5618391]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5618391]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5618391; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='5618391']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5618391, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "8ac9f97b3421cd65ae12da80ed4f4260" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=5618391]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":5618391,"title":"Jesus is alive","translated_title":"","metadata":{},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/5618391/Jesus_is_alive","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2014-01-06T02:23:59.328-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":6700998,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32836107,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32836107/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Jesus_is_alive.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32836107/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Jesus_is_alive.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/32836107/Jesus_is_alive.docx?1390593369=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DJesus_is_alive.docx\u0026Expires=1732412486\u0026Signature=cPMTkrwtvEPuSaUmtJOkUmDuioV43H~TrBLBkpyeWjVq0YZ3t5UK0QXtSh7U8gJrhuk2OO~QRcTht-SubB3m1auh0Ly9tamCgNB0nsjFXHhLq73WY2oWfL4f2RJXaSRu~gGmCEk-WOkuctSeI3mJie7RtFRLGAoes-tb09sZKuOKFa4sR3whiDQ3tgOMSp-A-2VOR84fv4RWWqYGx7iJwYlhZj0UEgzvQ3G9jYLX259Q4ixRy~R3JwjrHUngTX9lZ4dMJqYmXpr~VugJeC0Loqev2yChAChC4nvG2V37eYHThDxMhlzHFJ8iyBjL3wFNM3M95xdurn61X3zanVZMMA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Jesus_is_alive","translated_slug":"","page_count":66,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":6700998,"first_name":"Parvez","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Khan","page_name":"ParvezKhan","domain_name":"liverpool","created_at":"2013-11-08T11:34:15.900-08:00","display_name":"Parvez Khan","url":"https://liverpool.academia.edu/ParvezKhan"},"attachments":[{"id":32836107,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32836107/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Jesus_is_alive.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32836107/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Jesus_is_alive.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/32836107/Jesus_is_alive.docx?1390593369=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DJesus_is_alive.docx\u0026Expires=1732412486\u0026Signature=cPMTkrwtvEPuSaUmtJOkUmDuioV43H~TrBLBkpyeWjVq0YZ3t5UK0QXtSh7U8gJrhuk2OO~QRcTht-SubB3m1auh0Ly9tamCgNB0nsjFXHhLq73WY2oWfL4f2RJXaSRu~gGmCEk-WOkuctSeI3mJie7RtFRLGAoes-tb09sZKuOKFa4sR3whiDQ3tgOMSp-A-2VOR84fv4RWWqYGx7iJwYlhZj0UEgzvQ3G9jYLX259Q4ixRy~R3JwjrHUngTX9lZ4dMJqYmXpr~VugJeC0Loqev2yChAChC4nvG2V37eYHThDxMhlzHFJ8iyBjL3wFNM3M95xdurn61X3zanVZMMA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7983,"name":"Quranic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_Studies-1"},{"id":15799,"name":"Hadith Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hadith_Studies"},{"id":59854,"name":"Islamic Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Theology"},{"id":1116626,"name":"Deobandi Sunni Islamic Thought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Deobandi_Sunni_Islamic_Thought"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="5618390"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/5618390/Why_we_are_tested"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Why we are tested " class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32841111/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/5618390/Why_we_are_tested">Why we are tested </a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="64907ac66320233ef1d3339db976d0d3" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":32841111,"asset_id":5618390,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32841111/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="5618390"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5618390"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5618390; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5618390]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5618390]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5618390; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='5618390']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5618390, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "64907ac66320233ef1d3339db976d0d3" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=5618390]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":5618390,"title":"Why we are tested ","translated_title":"","metadata":{"grobid_abstract":"The main purpose of the human being in this life is to submit to the will and decree of All膩h and worship Him, revere Him and know Him.","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":32841111},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/5618390/Why_we_are_tested","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2014-01-06T02:23:57.759-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":6700998,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32841111,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32841111/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Reconcilation_between_existance_of_God_and_human_suffering.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32841111/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Why_we_are_tested.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/32841111/Reconcilation_between_existance_of_God_and_human_suffering.docx?1390660243=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DWhy_we_are_tested.docx\u0026Expires=1732412486\u0026Signature=B4IGI03pCME2mW12da3p8JVmbdNhQQ4Eetq8ETTvOZpCWComK5XnqHprr69AccpyRi2jX4FfWj8KHYivvAJ5Vw3WrxCy31NbgXNUtBlMlONbPg5OvYFN15v6EJW07mKy8ZYohTV1hoEQxseHdGZKTbT1Cjti6vHiKyo89eKCc-vuUKv32-uIBSCtMbruV~eYnxcvNCpACEer5yIjt64LNMxNHpTtvjlLFfyGDhAePoSdgP874bDTJQJxEn7ND35HnIj4fMsX8Jp2E9GN1gUOGECF8cLw8LMfIU7zNyJN9yIWc~A5V1yR7FseHo~YYbDDdrXqWzWpqCJKXD-jngxXQA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Why_we_are_tested","translated_slug":"","page_count":30,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":6700998,"first_name":"Parvez","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Khan","page_name":"ParvezKhan","domain_name":"liverpool","created_at":"2013-11-08T11:34:15.900-08:00","display_name":"Parvez Khan","url":"https://liverpool.academia.edu/ParvezKhan"},"attachments":[{"id":32841111,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32841111/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Reconcilation_between_existance_of_God_and_human_suffering.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32841111/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Why_we_are_tested.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/32841111/Reconcilation_between_existance_of_God_and_human_suffering.docx?1390660243=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DWhy_we_are_tested.docx\u0026Expires=1732412486\u0026Signature=B4IGI03pCME2mW12da3p8JVmbdNhQQ4Eetq8ETTvOZpCWComK5XnqHprr69AccpyRi2jX4FfWj8KHYivvAJ5Vw3WrxCy31NbgXNUtBlMlONbPg5OvYFN15v6EJW07mKy8ZYohTV1hoEQxseHdGZKTbT1Cjti6vHiKyo89eKCc-vuUKv32-uIBSCtMbruV~eYnxcvNCpACEer5yIjt64LNMxNHpTtvjlLFfyGDhAePoSdgP874bDTJQJxEn7ND35HnIj4fMsX8Jp2E9GN1gUOGECF8cLw8LMfIU7zNyJN9yIWc~A5V1yR7FseHo~YYbDDdrXqWzWpqCJKXD-jngxXQA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":15799,"name":"Hadith Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hadith_Studies"},{"id":59854,"name":"Islamic Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Theology"},{"id":106348,"name":"Quranic and Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_and_Islamic_Studies"},{"id":634222,"name":"Orthodox Sunni creed","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Orthodox_Sunni_creed"},{"id":828733,"name":"Sunni Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sunni_Islam"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="1042240" id="papers"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="17824780"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/17824780/Significance_of_sincere_intentions"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Significance of sincere intentions" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/39730385/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/17824780/Significance_of_sincere_intentions">Significance of sincere intentions</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Actions are based upon intention and therefore consequences are related to the motivation of the ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Actions are based upon intention and therefore consequences are related to the motivation of the respective deeds.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="31e791b271c59655106895a5483fbefb" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":39730385,"asset_id":17824780,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39730385/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="17824780"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="17824780"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17824780; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=17824780]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=17824780]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17824780; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='17824780']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 17824780, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "31e791b271c59655106895a5483fbefb" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=17824780]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":17824780,"title":"Significance of sincere intentions","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Actions are based upon intention and therefore consequences are related to the motivation of the respective deeds. "},"translated_abstract":"Actions are based upon intention and therefore consequences are related to the motivation of the respective deeds. ","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/17824780/Significance_of_sincere_intentions","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2015-11-05T14:10:16.108-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":6700998,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39730385,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/39730385/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Significance_of_Intention.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39730385/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Significance_of_sincere_intentions.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/39730385/Significance_of_Intention.docx?1446761163=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSignificance_of_sincere_intentions.docx\u0026Expires=1732412486\u0026Signature=cj3-KpXU--afNTsj0kErDaDTxfUxFJ0jBi16A0lTNyZ7s2943-KR1b6RtGpLfHT~8Hc9HLYPNZANgBdKyaG9Xpu6kO-MkkI32kTeT9gIuzCIeofCS8zGz7MMasbEHDWvn9MeIf4fYvbRCA0uFBRYmuAgA705dHIRxAytmjMjZTTHRFOPHabi5fKlCa7-bLvnVk0pP1LIVldKCbI7n32rLuxWuC1GpT9gM3RiXmMV5Kl48tFoMPOApmlvy4bCqUSSqsZcJMfAxpqvHhPxLPG68oITiZGzj5PLym9jqpZbZ6E~GQoyi6NLQApFKuP3RNh0R7KqTGGwfHNanYo6v8fqFA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Significance_of_sincere_intentions","translated_slug":"","page_count":5,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":6700998,"first_name":"Parvez","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Khan","page_name":"ParvezKhan","domain_name":"liverpool","created_at":"2013-11-08T11:34:15.900-08:00","display_name":"Parvez Khan","url":"https://liverpool.academia.edu/ParvezKhan"},"attachments":[{"id":39730385,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/39730385/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Significance_of_Intention.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39730385/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Significance_of_sincere_intentions.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/39730385/Significance_of_Intention.docx?1446761163=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSignificance_of_sincere_intentions.docx\u0026Expires=1732412486\u0026Signature=cj3-KpXU--afNTsj0kErDaDTxfUxFJ0jBi16A0lTNyZ7s2943-KR1b6RtGpLfHT~8Hc9HLYPNZANgBdKyaG9Xpu6kO-MkkI32kTeT9gIuzCIeofCS8zGz7MMasbEHDWvn9MeIf4fYvbRCA0uFBRYmuAgA705dHIRxAytmjMjZTTHRFOPHabi5fKlCa7-bLvnVk0pP1LIVldKCbI7n32rLuxWuC1GpT9gM3RiXmMV5Kl48tFoMPOApmlvy4bCqUSSqsZcJMfAxpqvHhPxLPG68oITiZGzj5PLym9jqpZbZ6E~GQoyi6NLQApFKuP3RNh0R7KqTGGwfHNanYo6v8fqFA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies"},{"id":14844,"name":"Faith","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Faith"},{"id":1439581,"name":"Aqeedah/ Islamic Creed","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aqeedah_Islamic_Creed"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="9896840"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/9896840/Attribues_of_Allah"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Attribues of Allah" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/36054455/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/9896840/Attribues_of_Allah">Attribues of Allah</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Imam al-Haafiz adh-Dhahabi said: As Allah exists in a real sense, not metaphorically, His attribu...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Imam al-Haafiz adh-Dhahabi said:<br />As Allah exists in a real sense, not metaphorically, His attributes cannot be taken as metaphorical, because in that case they could not be divine attributes, because the attributes are connected to the one who possesses those attributes. As He exists in a real sense, not in a metaphorical sense, His attributes cannot be metaphorical. As there is nothing equal or similar to Him, there can be nothing like His attributes.<br />[End quote from al-鈥楿luw, p. 239, 250]</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c4d9eb85796798eab754ce74dd692262" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":36054455,"asset_id":9896840,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36054455/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="9896840"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="9896840"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9896840; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9896840]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9896840]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9896840; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='9896840']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9896840, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "c4d9eb85796798eab754ce74dd692262" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=9896840]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":9896840,"title":"Attribues of Allah","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Imam al-Haafiz adh-Dhahabi said:\nAs Allah exists in a real sense, not metaphorically, His attributes cannot be taken as metaphorical, because in that case they could not be divine attributes, because the attributes are connected to the one who possesses those attributes. As He exists in a real sense, not in a metaphorical sense, His attributes cannot be metaphorical. As there is nothing equal or similar to Him, there can be nothing like His attributes.\n[End quote from al-鈥楿luw, p. 239, 250]"},"translated_abstract":"Imam al-Haafiz adh-Dhahabi said:\nAs Allah exists in a real sense, not metaphorically, His attributes cannot be taken as metaphorical, because in that case they could not be divine attributes, because the attributes are connected to the one who possesses those attributes. As He exists in a real sense, not in a metaphorical sense, His attributes cannot be metaphorical. As there is nothing equal or similar to Him, there can be nothing like His attributes.\n[End quote from al-鈥楿luw, p. 239, 250]","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/9896840/Attribues_of_Allah","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2014-12-25T09:20:11.067-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":6700998,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36054455,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/36054455/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Allah_is_above_His_throne.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36054455/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Attribues_of_Allah.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/36054455/Allah_is_above_His_throne.docx?1419527851=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAttribues_of_Allah.docx\u0026Expires=1732412486\u0026Signature=cqfPozU1~m6iVbfgSCMO1nni8xL7cj~kOt5qDMY2FECvhRuJ90o3yXo3w3DLz3JpHyhJnQvrC-kSKH498aq250pUz6TbmAvEQALW1Xo~bcwcXjksSZsfyjY30HFOApk-opDdMzX0uYtzG~hdfguYiFgSoJnbHVhDH48nw7uw-wTvX1o-gV1lsTQNRHjgLaW~On6aq~sMjukRXUAVKSgFaCk0bsOdfea1J6TGvZevFTegKGocSd-OQ0aNheHjnABcrMt~hdosCJgLkozZ-eGj806i1VeaH-OBdU851OSjg6AMmKm0rfrIB7PIE5OcuWmt-eTBcRVMdkLt4Zt4gs0rHw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Attribues_of_Allah","translated_slug":"","page_count":33,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":6700998,"first_name":"Parvez","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Khan","page_name":"ParvezKhan","domain_name":"liverpool","created_at":"2013-11-08T11:34:15.900-08:00","display_name":"Parvez Khan","url":"https://liverpool.academia.edu/ParvezKhan"},"attachments":[{"id":36054455,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/36054455/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Allah_is_above_His_throne.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36054455/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Attribues_of_Allah.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/36054455/Allah_is_above_His_throne.docx?1419527851=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAttribues_of_Allah.docx\u0026Expires=1732412486\u0026Signature=cqfPozU1~m6iVbfgSCMO1nni8xL7cj~kOt5qDMY2FECvhRuJ90o3yXo3w3DLz3JpHyhJnQvrC-kSKH498aq250pUz6TbmAvEQALW1Xo~bcwcXjksSZsfyjY30HFOApk-opDdMzX0uYtzG~hdfguYiFgSoJnbHVhDH48nw7uw-wTvX1o-gV1lsTQNRHjgLaW~On6aq~sMjukRXUAVKSgFaCk0bsOdfea1J6TGvZevFTegKGocSd-OQ0aNheHjnABcrMt~hdosCJgLkozZ-eGj806i1VeaH-OBdU851OSjg6AMmKm0rfrIB7PIE5OcuWmt-eTBcRVMdkLt4Zt4gs0rHw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies"},{"id":15866,"name":"Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islam"},{"id":59854,"name":"Islamic Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Theology"},{"id":140044,"name":"Islamic beliefs and practices","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_beliefs_and_practices"},{"id":684086,"name":"ALLAH","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ALLAH"},{"id":796325,"name":"Aqidah","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aqidah"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="9700769"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/9700769/Oaths_In_the_Quran"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Oaths In the Quran " class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/35891419/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/9700769/Oaths_In_the_Quran">Oaths In the Quran </a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In the Qur鈥檃n, there is a relationship between oaths and what follows the oaths. The key to the m...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In the Qur鈥檃n, there is a relationship between oaths and what follows the oaths.<br />The key to the meaning of an oath is to be found in the relationship between the object of oath and the complement of oath,</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="505790084871d6b01943faa4c954d466" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":35891419,"asset_id":9700769,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35891419/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="9700769"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="9700769"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9700769; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9700769]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9700769]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9700769; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='9700769']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9700769, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "505790084871d6b01943faa4c954d466" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=9700769]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":9700769,"title":"Oaths In the Quran ","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"In the Qur鈥檃n, there is a relationship between oaths and what follows the oaths.\nThe key to the meaning of an oath is to be found in the relationship between the object of oath and the complement of oath,"},"translated_abstract":"In the Qur鈥檃n, there is a relationship between oaths and what follows the oaths.\nThe key to the meaning of an oath is to be found in the relationship between the object of oath and the complement of oath,","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/9700769/Oaths_In_the_Quran","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2014-12-09T18:44:14.417-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":6700998,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":35891419,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/35891419/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Oaths_in_the_Quran.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35891419/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Oaths_In_the_Quran.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/35891419/Oaths_in_the_Quran.docx?1418179107=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DOaths_In_the_Quran.docx\u0026Expires=1732412486\u0026Signature=P-vOwQnF4DAAe-5YD79z6lFIYZR4Wt7l8B8aP2gT67kbbn8PH3vNZJ67t2JcpusZV3XagDFmmySWkEIPUx3wiHnHFn7ZqdJWl35BK9FuZZAHVY11Q3d3NpEo72zljijw~WwEtWwGJ7cAnSrWF7El64yev0DGLDQawjvgoULbVgVHaxXPUWhIj-Q99ugBAjEbO8WWI7NDewJxWxT8mfuV-DDtI7nCp29A0t9yz2qbCfI57ednThdwQ2VyDsOCjoBHfq7jNKJguT9eAZKL5e9h3sszENY-i9SotxsZ4HI~9x-qIv~RzuXVxBbcbMrQgAnSw-ik2ifcPuxdsVwGDXgMCA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Oaths_In_the_Quran","translated_slug":"","page_count":7,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":6700998,"first_name":"Parvez","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Khan","page_name":"ParvezKhan","domain_name":"liverpool","created_at":"2013-11-08T11:34:15.900-08:00","display_name":"Parvez Khan","url":"https://liverpool.academia.edu/ParvezKhan"},"attachments":[{"id":35891419,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/35891419/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Oaths_in_the_Quran.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35891419/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Oaths_In_the_Quran.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/35891419/Oaths_in_the_Quran.docx?1418179107=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DOaths_In_the_Quran.docx\u0026Expires=1732412486\u0026Signature=P-vOwQnF4DAAe-5YD79z6lFIYZR4Wt7l8B8aP2gT67kbbn8PH3vNZJ67t2JcpusZV3XagDFmmySWkEIPUx3wiHnHFn7ZqdJWl35BK9FuZZAHVY11Q3d3NpEo72zljijw~WwEtWwGJ7cAnSrWF7El64yev0DGLDQawjvgoULbVgVHaxXPUWhIj-Q99ugBAjEbO8WWI7NDewJxWxT8mfuV-DDtI7nCp29A0t9yz2qbCfI57ednThdwQ2VyDsOCjoBHfq7jNKJguT9eAZKL5e9h3sszENY-i9SotxsZ4HI~9x-qIv~RzuXVxBbcbMrQgAnSw-ik2ifcPuxdsVwGDXgMCA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7983,"name":"Quranic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_Studies-1"},{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies"},{"id":15866,"name":"Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islam"},{"id":25930,"name":"Tafsir","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tafsir"},{"id":27669,"name":"Quran","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quran"},{"id":765500,"name":"Al-Quran Sciences/Al-Quran Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Al-Quran_Sciences_Al-Quran_Studies"},{"id":1223687,"name":"Quran and Tafsir Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quran_and_Tafsir_Studies"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="9624487"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/9624487/Different_types_of_Spiritual_Hearts"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Different types of Spiritual Hearts" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/35828158/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/9624487/Different_types_of_Spiritual_Hearts">Different types of Spiritual Hearts</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The Quran describes various types of spiritual hearts as a consequence to how it receives and res...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The Quran describes various types of spiritual hearts as a consequence to how it receives and responds to the signs of God.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4ccc057930f175cf62e2ba174d60aaee" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":35828158,"asset_id":9624487,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35828158/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="9624487"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="9624487"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9624487; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9624487]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9624487]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9624487; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='9624487']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9624487, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "4ccc057930f175cf62e2ba174d60aaee" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=9624487]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":9624487,"title":"Different types of Spiritual Hearts","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The Quran describes various types of spiritual hearts as a consequence to how it receives and responds to the signs of God."},"translated_abstract":"The Quran describes various types of spiritual hearts as a consequence to how it receives and responds to the signs of God.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/9624487/Different_types_of_Spiritual_Hearts","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2014-12-04T11:35:09.307-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":6700998,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":35828158,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/35828158/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Spiritual_Heart.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35828158/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Different_types_of_Spiritual_Hearts.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/35828158/Spiritual_Heart.docx?1417721467=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDifferent_types_of_Spiritual_Hearts.docx\u0026Expires=1732412486\u0026Signature=b1tBCTXotiEnyIKVupx-uT9Br1O13xKW1tIeLc9s~BxHUZdUYfYWPTHXROSC5UOrsBUU8WEri-nmBxiuF5quYsRiGhFJ~oIZFQYt7UHPZ6PYQ-mhlRcZwRiuF-0PR87jxmZUgtGCbQH-jXQelOj1d3KhW8hPR6dw~NoUGCOG0mZ5CoRglC6COVe0RZBwzlwIT-Lrrvo4kd3Y8lg-cQXOF9-cAcK6JSS7n~3kpGxoxVFe-KjH07Aj9NfRLvVCjPBOG5oMKnkRl2NQ2v7mGMJ1lyiPaQnH~Ef3idX3Jz-VCtEefQBY6SDa1zgkI43W-kgdNoDloE9hJ2w5QIX3hafQtw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Different_types_of_Spiritual_Hearts","translated_slug":"","page_count":5,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":6700998,"first_name":"Parvez","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Khan","page_name":"ParvezKhan","domain_name":"liverpool","created_at":"2013-11-08T11:34:15.900-08:00","display_name":"Parvez Khan","url":"https://liverpool.academia.edu/ParvezKhan"},"attachments":[{"id":35828158,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/35828158/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Spiritual_Heart.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35828158/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Different_types_of_Spiritual_Hearts.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/35828158/Spiritual_Heart.docx?1417721467=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDifferent_types_of_Spiritual_Hearts.docx\u0026Expires=1732412486\u0026Signature=b1tBCTXotiEnyIKVupx-uT9Br1O13xKW1tIeLc9s~BxHUZdUYfYWPTHXROSC5UOrsBUU8WEri-nmBxiuF5quYsRiGhFJ~oIZFQYt7UHPZ6PYQ-mhlRcZwRiuF-0PR87jxmZUgtGCbQH-jXQelOj1d3KhW8hPR6dw~NoUGCOG0mZ5CoRglC6COVe0RZBwzlwIT-Lrrvo4kd3Y8lg-cQXOF9-cAcK6JSS7n~3kpGxoxVFe-KjH07Aj9NfRLvVCjPBOG5oMKnkRl2NQ2v7mGMJ1lyiPaQnH~Ef3idX3Jz-VCtEefQBY6SDa1zgkI43W-kgdNoDloE9hJ2w5QIX3hafQtw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3815,"name":"Spirituality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spirituality"},{"id":7983,"name":"Quranic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_Studies-1"},{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies"},{"id":47553,"name":"Islamic Spirituality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Spirituality"},{"id":47698,"name":"Quranic Exegesis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_Exegesis"},{"id":918054,"name":"Ibnul Qayyim","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ibnul_Qayyim"},{"id":1002627,"name":"Asceticism (Zuhd) In Early Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asceticism_Zuhd_In_Early_Islam"},{"id":1381639,"name":"Tazkiyah","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tazkiyah"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="6583901"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/6583901/The_Six_Stages_of_the_Creation_in_the_Quran"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Six Stages of the Creation in the Quran" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/33337160/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/6583901/The_Six_Stages_of_the_Creation_in_the_Quran">The Six Stages of the Creation in the Quran</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c822eadc213973f7d5149ab5803a9cef" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":33337160,"asset_id":6583901,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33337160/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="6583901"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="6583901"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6583901; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6583901]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6583901]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6583901; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='6583901']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6583901, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "c822eadc213973f7d5149ab5803a9cef" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=6583901]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":6583901,"title":"The Six Stages of the Creation in the Quran","translated_title":"","metadata":{"grobid_abstract":"\"We created the heavens and the earth and all that is between them in six stages, nor did any sense of weariness touch Us.\" (Quran 50:38) The 6 Stages are from the moment of the creation of matter, and the organizing of the matter into clusters and eventually into stars and planets and so on from the big-bang to now. The evolution of the universe took 6 different stages, and the earth and other planets and stars were developed in 2 stages. Life was developed in 4 stages. So together, it took 6 stages to result in evolved life. These stages don't refer to time stages, but to different levels of evolution of the universe and its life in it, each needing its own step with its own timespan. The biggest mistake people make is looking at the stages as if they occur with each taking the exact same time. So let's see what the Quran tells us more.","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":33337160},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/6583901/The_Six_Stages_of_the_Creation_in_the_Quran","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2014-03-28T14:53:28.208-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":6700998,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":33337160,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/33337160/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"The_Six_Stages_of_the_Creation_in_the_Quran.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33337160/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"The_Six_Stages_of_the_Creation_in_the_Qu.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/33337160/The_Six_Stages_of_the_Creation_in_the_Quran.docx?1396043603=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_Six_Stages_of_the_Creation_in_the_Qu.docx\u0026Expires=1732412486\u0026Signature=Okb8cRUz5rM3ocPJ1X3Y~AqwlfxVncmvBdNk7JyxoRsqea5UOE9fqg4Sla~Dy5PasWC7CL-RPO8xvVVbFuh3EUilG9iX~5~EsF9NYtYD4-lOIGzgmMFhyBYeqtyH1t8pTi47mtPMtLPKv7VWfW6kKGbDQNY58nycq325U~Z-LYGF-qnqEjk6btkTuk7Nw30~-YQQsAGK6Qsme7UbRrapxqgeD7g6UrBRF6XAWtEsgNgXDgn1zNm9s27cEyNtFFbfyC57-fRiYUE1W0AL~i-G-KMPnsyCcQWwgSe3xZLb8xpNv1KTWgTxghaAFInEXRvgL0H4ib9vZqCDR~d3PXFezg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"The_Six_Stages_of_the_Creation_in_the_Quran","translated_slug":"","page_count":4,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":6700998,"first_name":"Parvez","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Khan","page_name":"ParvezKhan","domain_name":"liverpool","created_at":"2013-11-08T11:34:15.900-08:00","display_name":"Parvez Khan","url":"https://liverpool.academia.edu/ParvezKhan"},"attachments":[{"id":33337160,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/33337160/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"The_Six_Stages_of_the_Creation_in_the_Quran.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33337160/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"The_Six_Stages_of_the_Creation_in_the_Qu.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/33337160/The_Six_Stages_of_the_Creation_in_the_Quran.docx?1396043603=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_Six_Stages_of_the_Creation_in_the_Qu.docx\u0026Expires=1732412486\u0026Signature=Okb8cRUz5rM3ocPJ1X3Y~AqwlfxVncmvBdNk7JyxoRsqea5UOE9fqg4Sla~Dy5PasWC7CL-RPO8xvVVbFuh3EUilG9iX~5~EsF9NYtYD4-lOIGzgmMFhyBYeqtyH1t8pTi47mtPMtLPKv7VWfW6kKGbDQNY58nycq325U~Z-LYGF-qnqEjk6btkTuk7Nw30~-YQQsAGK6Qsme7UbRrapxqgeD7g6UrBRF6XAWtEsgNgXDgn1zNm9s27cEyNtFFbfyC57-fRiYUE1W0AL~i-G-KMPnsyCcQWwgSe3xZLb8xpNv1KTWgTxghaAFInEXRvgL0H4ib9vZqCDR~d3PXFezg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6779,"name":"Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science"},{"id":27669,"name":"Quran","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quran"},{"id":473285,"name":"The Quran and the Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Quran_and_the_Science"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="5901080"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/5901080/Quran_civil_and_moral_guidance"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Quran - civil and moral guidance" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32885968/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/5901080/Quran_civil_and_moral_guidance">Quran - civil and moral guidance</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="de01fa719a6ec013d8d132e45adf72a9" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":32885968,"asset_id":5901080,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32885968/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="5901080"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5901080"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5901080; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5901080]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5901080]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5901080; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='5901080']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5901080, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "de01fa719a6ec013d8d132e45adf72a9" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=5901080]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":5901080,"title":"Quran - civil and moral guidance","translated_title":"","metadata":{},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/5901080/Quran_civil_and_moral_guidance","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2014-01-31T04:26:21.945-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":6700998,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32885968,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32885968/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Quran_moral_guidance.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32885968/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Quran_civil_and_moral_guidance.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/32885968/Quran_moral_guidance.docx?1391171065=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DQuran_civil_and_moral_guidance.docx\u0026Expires=1732345622\u0026Signature=LLJywmAFWAeUm4h9~ye6M7IS0S8nkER82cLwvpZpQ~-~xt-KG-jp~-bo-z8sHze1hpFZwaKuWu-AZDXm2EapuMmvIdeMEYVxc99QrEKN6pt7WCWBFvf5N5rHBwr3QAHhPMC8XMRYlSlG6n3R0HEAY7u0BwU1uzDJwR6j5hrZoKVDcMG1HD~KwMb-65nGYhQ8zHRKKTabREYxjHQOVLiC87Bk6WaR9xO6ANCtpbWLvHG5~-SyIh88~HVzSmnUFMJnh5XpoYThnldSKyfjqn5DDf~c5Vqbqp6ayvKRbOyh6bqZraZZAg9w0ubAEktIWLGL~HQaqicGIwVS7GgNbE58bg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Quran_civil_and_moral_guidance","translated_slug":"","page_count":10,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":6700998,"first_name":"Parvez","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Khan","page_name":"ParvezKhan","domain_name":"liverpool","created_at":"2013-11-08T11:34:15.900-08:00","display_name":"Parvez Khan","url":"https://liverpool.academia.edu/ParvezKhan"},"attachments":[{"id":32885968,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32885968/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Quran_moral_guidance.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32885968/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Quran_civil_and_moral_guidance.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/32885968/Quran_moral_guidance.docx?1391171065=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DQuran_civil_and_moral_guidance.docx\u0026Expires=1732345622\u0026Signature=LLJywmAFWAeUm4h9~ye6M7IS0S8nkER82cLwvpZpQ~-~xt-KG-jp~-bo-z8sHze1hpFZwaKuWu-AZDXm2EapuMmvIdeMEYVxc99QrEKN6pt7WCWBFvf5N5rHBwr3QAHhPMC8XMRYlSlG6n3R0HEAY7u0BwU1uzDJwR6j5hrZoKVDcMG1HD~KwMb-65nGYhQ8zHRKKTabREYxjHQOVLiC87Bk6WaR9xO6ANCtpbWLvHG5~-SyIh88~HVzSmnUFMJnh5XpoYThnldSKyfjqn5DDf~c5Vqbqp6ayvKRbOyh6bqZraZZAg9w0ubAEktIWLGL~HQaqicGIwVS7GgNbE58bg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7983,"name":"Quranic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_Studies-1"},{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="5837733"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/5837733/Surah_Quraish_Tafsir"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Surah Quraish Tafsir " class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32842028/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/5837733/Surah_Quraish_Tafsir">Surah Quraish Tafsir </a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="e867b3bbc118dadbabecc44fd3cb1137" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":32842028,"asset_id":5837733,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32842028/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="5837733"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5837733"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5837733; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5837733]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5837733]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5837733; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='5837733']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5837733, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "e867b3bbc118dadbabecc44fd3cb1137" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=5837733]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":5837733,"title":"Surah Quraish Tafsir ","translated_title":"","metadata":{},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/5837733/Surah_Quraish_Tafsir","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2014-01-25T11:21:53.901-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":6700998,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32842028,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32842028/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Surah_Quraish.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32842028/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Surah_Quraish_Tafsir.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/32842028/Surah_Quraish.docx?1390677661=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSurah_Quraish_Tafsir.docx\u0026Expires=1732345622\u0026Signature=GmS7DumJHHVKmiUVvsCnxl8WbmRu9FgYMG8sLfXGGRczgTIuQpip7ptI~d23FxTuNtNHXKQcEnrq7gJ1fRtIYLpZV9B7Lw1VR~tMS8PkxsdIpnUZFgi0N94r40gCpdW5RxMZOEcmYd-AfZdh1any0DksqVgnwKX-0t4NSxIO3M0Ialoi7XHyc0-9jL6YsamghVnIQavt-w1PKpAfd9lziLNoMxqmhHzmb0iYFow87S5hPKAwiJkwrJqVSbbLzEKaKfmRXhbscJ3yjFJirvMMhiZKZLPHJ8FDcsnY4lKmYohhAcPqUV93XlTQur98ZHrb~VwWxNOQqBWjK79qFBdTVw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Surah_Quraish_Tafsir","translated_slug":"","page_count":4,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":6700998,"first_name":"Parvez","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Khan","page_name":"ParvezKhan","domain_name":"liverpool","created_at":"2013-11-08T11:34:15.900-08:00","display_name":"Parvez Khan","url":"https://liverpool.academia.edu/ParvezKhan"},"attachments":[{"id":32842028,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32842028/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Surah_Quraish.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32842028/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Surah_Quraish_Tafsir.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/32842028/Surah_Quraish.docx?1390677661=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSurah_Quraish_Tafsir.docx\u0026Expires=1732345622\u0026Signature=GmS7DumJHHVKmiUVvsCnxl8WbmRu9FgYMG8sLfXGGRczgTIuQpip7ptI~d23FxTuNtNHXKQcEnrq7gJ1fRtIYLpZV9B7Lw1VR~tMS8PkxsdIpnUZFgi0N94r40gCpdW5RxMZOEcmYd-AfZdh1any0DksqVgnwKX-0t4NSxIO3M0Ialoi7XHyc0-9jL6YsamghVnIQavt-w1PKpAfd9lziLNoMxqmhHzmb0iYFow87S5hPKAwiJkwrJqVSbbLzEKaKfmRXhbscJ3yjFJirvMMhiZKZLPHJ8FDcsnY4lKmYohhAcPqUV93XlTQur98ZHrb~VwWxNOQqBWjK79qFBdTVw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7983,"name":"Quranic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_Studies-1"},{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies"},{"id":25930,"name":"Tafsir","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tafsir"},{"id":1223687,"name":"Quran and Tafsir Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quran_and_Tafsir_Studies"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="5836374"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/5836374/Disjointed_Letters_in_the_Quran"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Disjointed Letters in the Quran" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32841162/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/5836374/Disjointed_Letters_in_the_Quran">Disjointed Letters in the Quran</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="eb8b2b93892a582c76130c016905b4d6" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":32841162,"asset_id":5836374,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32841162/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="5836374"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5836374"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5836374; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5836374]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5836374]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5836374; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='5836374']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5836374, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "eb8b2b93892a582c76130c016905b4d6" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=5836374]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":5836374,"title":"Disjointed Letters in the Quran","translated_title":"","metadata":{"grobid_abstract":") are unique letter combinations that appear in the beginning of 29 surahs (chapters) of the Qur'an. Muqatta'at literally means abbreviated or shortened.","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":32841162},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/5836374/Disjointed_Letters_in_the_Quran","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2014-01-25T06:42:39.742-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":6700998,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32841162,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32841162/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Muqattaat_-_disjointed_letters.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32841162/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Disjointed_Letters_in_the_Quran.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/32841162/Muqattaat_-_disjointed_letters.docx?1390660942=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDisjointed_Letters_in_the_Quran.docx\u0026Expires=1732412486\u0026Signature=HiSlktE1qjMCbFQH53XBQm5wj~MlGCopvxbBRT-FFX1tV0vKU0Prv2kQRD55mlSnjg4p5j6RPxrGou6zoz8GaNTHNaW1dC~16vRcAsAzOQfIKOq9LQdb1pPe-kbFansTCWQI7cL7N~NYFWQcAS9VhQU-qP8M0CvHJrjgotKEoyA8LULQVfXy93Na~IQbDK9DrtmtpSeJxkK2J45Heqc8PE7kEBh83tkjdLGrniuM92XJ~HsGlY5NcdZM2lrOF8FU4GqdQ2AJQWBkuWbQ-fC08uaa3CU8RY7GlkUNDtked3ecHnbImz4SRkScmGSsnxqDOKWT4PBGWdTJeWrQsfPUsg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Disjointed_Letters_in_the_Quran","translated_slug":"","page_count":9,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":6700998,"first_name":"Parvez","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Khan","page_name":"ParvezKhan","domain_name":"liverpool","created_at":"2013-11-08T11:34:15.900-08:00","display_name":"Parvez Khan","url":"https://liverpool.academia.edu/ParvezKhan"},"attachments":[{"id":32841162,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32841162/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Muqattaat_-_disjointed_letters.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32841162/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Disjointed_Letters_in_the_Quran.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/32841162/Muqattaat_-_disjointed_letters.docx?1390660942=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDisjointed_Letters_in_the_Quran.docx\u0026Expires=1732412486\u0026Signature=HiSlktE1qjMCbFQH53XBQm5wj~MlGCopvxbBRT-FFX1tV0vKU0Prv2kQRD55mlSnjg4p5j6RPxrGou6zoz8GaNTHNaW1dC~16vRcAsAzOQfIKOq9LQdb1pPe-kbFansTCWQI7cL7N~NYFWQcAS9VhQU-qP8M0CvHJrjgotKEoyA8LULQVfXy93Na~IQbDK9DrtmtpSeJxkK2J45Heqc8PE7kEBh83tkjdLGrniuM92XJ~HsGlY5NcdZM2lrOF8FU4GqdQ2AJQWBkuWbQ-fC08uaa3CU8RY7GlkUNDtked3ecHnbImz4SRkScmGSsnxqDOKWT4PBGWdTJeWrQsfPUsg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7983,"name":"Quranic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_Studies-1"},{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies"},{"id":25930,"name":"Tafsir","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tafsir"},{"id":1223687,"name":"Quran and Tafsir Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quran_and_Tafsir_Studies"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="5836327"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/5836327/Surah_Al_Insaan_Tafseer"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Surah Al Insaan Tafseer " class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32841121/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/5836327/Surah_Al_Insaan_Tafseer">Surah Al Insaan Tafseer </a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="adaafa7d5812de3ffb5905d006f18733" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":32841121,"asset_id":5836327,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32841121/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="5836327"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5836327"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5836327; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5836327]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5836327]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5836327; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='5836327']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5836327, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "adaafa7d5812de3ffb5905d006f18733" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=5836327]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":5836327,"title":"Surah Al Insaan Tafseer ","translated_title":"","metadata":{},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/5836327/Surah_Al_Insaan_Tafseer","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2014-01-25T06:35:49.142-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":6700998,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32841121,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32841121/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Surah_Ad-Dahr.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32841121/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Surah_Al_Insaan_Tafseer.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/32841121/Surah_Ad-Dahr.docx?1390660428=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSurah_Al_Insaan_Tafseer.docx\u0026Expires=1732412486\u0026Signature=K3XwOKeaqaLPatUhpxGQguLReXmarPXAnnehHDetLbkQbk2bSFQHUDz0I0xZj4AN2jsiJWP3fimADP2ZWCxCfxElggKnmymELubcsuuOIBg2Vrf3izophTZtqihAIW5aFQ5W3eRqfBH-V0VpKl9T6qAdBkPTS-o46bVAWFjQ1npudddzsklhmGhxrjuotJI~oRxZ7X~Br0XcL1s9cdVbYheNb3FRrYFPt0dOi3ChaE5gBgzCZ33MZ27NZcMtf0iCNL-48UlEAQW9OSQnSS8gVCWt1XPwZmnC2KvAUK2m42dJzaFpnAsal7kU2J96cg9SMq2FjGVY1uXO9SnWjwaySA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Surah_Al_Insaan_Tafseer","translated_slug":"","page_count":13,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":6700998,"first_name":"Parvez","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Khan","page_name":"ParvezKhan","domain_name":"liverpool","created_at":"2013-11-08T11:34:15.900-08:00","display_name":"Parvez Khan","url":"https://liverpool.academia.edu/ParvezKhan"},"attachments":[{"id":32841121,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32841121/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Surah_Ad-Dahr.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32841121/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Surah_Al_Insaan_Tafseer.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/32841121/Surah_Ad-Dahr.docx?1390660428=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSurah_Al_Insaan_Tafseer.docx\u0026Expires=1732412486\u0026Signature=K3XwOKeaqaLPatUhpxGQguLReXmarPXAnnehHDetLbkQbk2bSFQHUDz0I0xZj4AN2jsiJWP3fimADP2ZWCxCfxElggKnmymELubcsuuOIBg2Vrf3izophTZtqihAIW5aFQ5W3eRqfBH-V0VpKl9T6qAdBkPTS-o46bVAWFjQ1npudddzsklhmGhxrjuotJI~oRxZ7X~Br0XcL1s9cdVbYheNb3FRrYFPt0dOi3ChaE5gBgzCZ33MZ27NZcMtf0iCNL-48UlEAQW9OSQnSS8gVCWt1XPwZmnC2KvAUK2m42dJzaFpnAsal7kU2J96cg9SMq2FjGVY1uXO9SnWjwaySA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7983,"name":"Quranic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_Studies-1"},{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies"},{"id":15866,"name":"Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islam"},{"id":25930,"name":"Tafsir","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tafsir"},{"id":47698,"name":"Quranic Exegesis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_Exegesis"},{"id":106348,"name":"Quranic and Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_and_Islamic_Studies"},{"id":571509,"name":"Arabic and Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabic_and_Islamic_Studies"},{"id":724523,"name":"QURANIC TAFSEER","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/QURANIC_TAFSEER"},{"id":1029282,"name":"Tafsir Bi al ma'thur","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tafsir_Bi_al_mathur"},{"id":1223687,"name":"Quran and Tafsir Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quran_and_Tafsir_Studies"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="5836308"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/5836308/Sunni_Islam_the_Saved_Group"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Sunni Islam the Saved Group" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32841116/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/5836308/Sunni_Islam_the_Saved_Group">Sunni Islam the Saved Group</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4f9484b567068848022dad4df1a0685a" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":32841116,"asset_id":5836308,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32841116/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="5836308"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5836308"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5836308; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5836308]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5836308]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5836308; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='5836308']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5836308, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "4f9484b567068848022dad4df1a0685a" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=5836308]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":5836308,"title":"Sunni Islam the Saved Group","translated_title":"","metadata":{},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/5836308/Sunni_Islam_the_Saved_Group","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2014-01-25T06:32:31.692-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":6700998,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32841116,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32841116/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Saved_Group.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32841116/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Sunni_Islam_the_Saved_Group.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/32841116/Saved_Group.docx?1390660286=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSunni_Islam_the_Saved_Group.docx\u0026Expires=1732345623\u0026Signature=V9H~sqP5hVxl4NFl3qd4V-rfuvpofJhuq7K0uXpQrmexhDAsxtxf81RWUyo-FtR6bWZVv2vVeu2KwlK5fetiOZLfIUQy~qG5cS0r2eWw-mXaonBlCMl5DrD4LzScl1pLLDmSerOJiat5~CEkjuzq2OIciddN~dvPau7et-IQ-a~WSvWQZFATZ1eI06ikS2oHz1diSzWSHnG8RUdf4YJa8R5xmVprU9E0sJrPRXEJ3yqA3SZdJnVJzmB5UAXIdyhwCfq237MhG291XP1c2IwsRVCc3YXm-Wn0Zapc6kJLMh5HXfGuHkjnFgDpT5qbDPw40l~-qjVWp6jotCHOvFzAig__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Sunni_Islam_the_Saved_Group","translated_slug":"","page_count":3,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":6700998,"first_name":"Parvez","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Khan","page_name":"ParvezKhan","domain_name":"liverpool","created_at":"2013-11-08T11:34:15.900-08:00","display_name":"Parvez Khan","url":"https://liverpool.academia.edu/ParvezKhan"},"attachments":[{"id":32841116,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32841116/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Saved_Group.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32841116/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Sunni_Islam_the_Saved_Group.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/32841116/Saved_Group.docx?1390660286=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSunni_Islam_the_Saved_Group.docx\u0026Expires=1732345623\u0026Signature=V9H~sqP5hVxl4NFl3qd4V-rfuvpofJhuq7K0uXpQrmexhDAsxtxf81RWUyo-FtR6bWZVv2vVeu2KwlK5fetiOZLfIUQy~qG5cS0r2eWw-mXaonBlCMl5DrD4LzScl1pLLDmSerOJiat5~CEkjuzq2OIciddN~dvPau7et-IQ-a~WSvWQZFATZ1eI06ikS2oHz1diSzWSHnG8RUdf4YJa8R5xmVprU9E0sJrPRXEJ3yqA3SZdJnVJzmB5UAXIdyhwCfq237MhG291XP1c2IwsRVCc3YXm-Wn0Zapc6kJLMh5HXfGuHkjnFgDpT5qbDPw40l~-qjVWp6jotCHOvFzAig__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1302,"name":"Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theology"},{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies"},{"id":15866,"name":"Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islam"},{"id":59854,"name":"Islamic Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Theology"},{"id":828733,"name":"Sunni Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sunni_Islam"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="5689278"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/5689278/Authority_of_Prophetic_teachings_from_Quran"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Authority of Prophetic teachings from Quran" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32738021/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/5689278/Authority_of_Prophetic_teachings_from_Quran">Authority of Prophetic teachings from Quran</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="82c8d480f4a1d652e7533c204f72be2c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":32738021,"asset_id":5689278,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32738021/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="5689278"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5689278"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5689278; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5689278]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5689278]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5689278; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='5689278']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5689278, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "82c8d480f4a1d652e7533c204f72be2c" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=5689278]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":5689278,"title":"Authority of Prophetic teachings from Quran","translated_title":"","metadata":{"grobid_abstract":"Sunnah -Linguistically means a path, a way. A simple road. From a Shari point of view it has many meanings.","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":32738021},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/5689278/Authority_of_Prophetic_teachings_from_Quran","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2014-01-12T06:56:42.269-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":6700998,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32738021,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32738021/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Authority_of_Sunnah.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32738021/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Authority_of_Prophetic_teachings_from_Qu.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/32738021/Authority_of_Sunnah.docx?1389538526=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAuthority_of_Prophetic_teachings_from_Qu.docx\u0026Expires=1732412486\u0026Signature=ACv7cCjd-V6-~uWVsNHuXpVsVOrJKpk8x3yXAJzB01ww5nDLWr0ZFZta2lsxC-V~izxDASlmXl3AdGqOjGhSaxzN~GdtUoQRW3g2Co6P4lia3LJDCmPDnHSa6tEXDKTv6IHF41vR1wOiM6a-Kh9r8vpFuBLs6M2FTiuLBS1bLkQMxpxZfS3ln0AbyfwEom2Qe2-d1FhfXO~577DIJZVhtZZ6XEVLGUHnfDCU9Ps9ZhKdKxc-pzYwgmOEAeBqI9YULeMoyR2I--9c7nipbGZeqBrSrvjFe~PKPH-xo64pQF1D~PmOWU5GTQVG99r0WDOprEjIUS9WGOxKK4eVMJhw0g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Authority_of_Prophetic_teachings_from_Quran","translated_slug":"","page_count":11,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":6700998,"first_name":"Parvez","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Khan","page_name":"ParvezKhan","domain_name":"liverpool","created_at":"2013-11-08T11:34:15.900-08:00","display_name":"Parvez Khan","url":"https://liverpool.academia.edu/ParvezKhan"},"attachments":[{"id":32738021,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32738021/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Authority_of_Sunnah.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32738021/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Authority_of_Prophetic_teachings_from_Qu.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/32738021/Authority_of_Sunnah.docx?1389538526=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAuthority_of_Prophetic_teachings_from_Qu.docx\u0026Expires=1732412486\u0026Signature=ACv7cCjd-V6-~uWVsNHuXpVsVOrJKpk8x3yXAJzB01ww5nDLWr0ZFZta2lsxC-V~izxDASlmXl3AdGqOjGhSaxzN~GdtUoQRW3g2Co6P4lia3LJDCmPDnHSa6tEXDKTv6IHF41vR1wOiM6a-Kh9r8vpFuBLs6M2FTiuLBS1bLkQMxpxZfS3ln0AbyfwEom2Qe2-d1FhfXO~577DIJZVhtZZ6XEVLGUHnfDCU9Ps9ZhKdKxc-pzYwgmOEAeBqI9YULeMoyR2I--9c7nipbGZeqBrSrvjFe~PKPH-xo64pQF1D~PmOWU5GTQVG99r0WDOprEjIUS9WGOxKK4eVMJhw0g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7983,"name":"Quranic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_Studies-1"},{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies"},{"id":15799,"name":"Hadith Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hadith_Studies"},{"id":119466,"name":"Al-Quran \u0026 Al-Hadith","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Al-Quran_and_Al-Hadith"},{"id":139592,"name":"Quran and Sunnah Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quran_and_Sunnah_Studies"},{"id":201515,"name":"'Ulum al-Hadith","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ulum_al-Hadith"},{"id":1003722,"name":"Sunnah","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sunnah"},{"id":1019143,"name":"The Hadith","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Hadith"},{"id":1223708,"name":"Qur'anic and Hadith sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_and_Hadith_sciences"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="5644492"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/5644492/Authority_of_Prophetic_Sunnah"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Authority of Prophetic Sunnah" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32708056/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/5644492/Authority_of_Prophetic_Sunnah">Authority of Prophetic Sunnah</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="0b8bdf311bd038782a53a585d53ab81c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":32708056,"asset_id":5644492,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32708056/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="5644492"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5644492"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5644492; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5644492]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5644492]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5644492; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='5644492']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5644492, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "0b8bdf311bd038782a53a585d53ab81c" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=5644492]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":5644492,"title":"Authority of Prophetic Sunnah","translated_title":"","metadata":{},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/5644492/Authority_of_Prophetic_Sunnah","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2014-01-08T05:00:23.922-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":6700998,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32708056,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32708056/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Authority_of_Sunnah.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32708056/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Authority_of_Prophetic_Sunnah.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/32708056/Authority_of_Sunnah.docx?1389185935=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAuthority_of_Prophetic_Sunnah.docx\u0026Expires=1732412486\u0026Signature=fBFnYTNUZ~dNUGrTJKEerrs3h60ggD8Gi0WRsHGAKGGN3UnZF7MS-S59xJAjR7~5b3qeGihiwiF~Cug6FCnP0VBpoh~Iz7RE4c4k8IyfB-JpcpUkLpyAeCezTqYJ-9jwW8hlIzFL-vrjM~eCczYgEwpNNoqQeH5Ivf7lF-OTJH8Ju25wCijU7Qj~7TyEj5fYnS9aXmITf-N7-Ik6JCbPhHRI0KICt92yXSYytz4mFflTypPl5Gx4AqrWERsyAGDCBn9-CHEhW2qo5L5bbySEs551YuPh4sYCz62w6LrVnBNs8spskmvp6-HT5543MwEIHq9ubAu8qK6VKF1BnwLJYA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Authority_of_Prophetic_Sunnah","translated_slug":"","page_count":5,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":6700998,"first_name":"Parvez","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Khan","page_name":"ParvezKhan","domain_name":"liverpool","created_at":"2013-11-08T11:34:15.900-08:00","display_name":"Parvez Khan","url":"https://liverpool.academia.edu/ParvezKhan"},"attachments":[{"id":32708056,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32708056/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Authority_of_Sunnah.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32708056/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Authority_of_Prophetic_Sunnah.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/32708056/Authority_of_Sunnah.docx?1389185935=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAuthority_of_Prophetic_Sunnah.docx\u0026Expires=1732412486\u0026Signature=fBFnYTNUZ~dNUGrTJKEerrs3h60ggD8Gi0WRsHGAKGGN3UnZF7MS-S59xJAjR7~5b3qeGihiwiF~Cug6FCnP0VBpoh~Iz7RE4c4k8IyfB-JpcpUkLpyAeCezTqYJ-9jwW8hlIzFL-vrjM~eCczYgEwpNNoqQeH5Ivf7lF-OTJH8Ju25wCijU7Qj~7TyEj5fYnS9aXmITf-N7-Ik6JCbPhHRI0KICt92yXSYytz4mFflTypPl5Gx4AqrWERsyAGDCBn9-CHEhW2qo5L5bbySEs551YuPh4sYCz62w6LrVnBNs8spskmvp6-HT5543MwEIHq9ubAu8qK6VKF1BnwLJYA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies"},{"id":15799,"name":"Hadith Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hadith_Studies"},{"id":15800,"name":"Islamic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_History"},{"id":82097,"name":"The Hadith (Critical Concepts in Islamic Studies)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Hadith_Critical_Concepts_in_Islamic_Studies_"},{"id":106348,"name":"Quranic and Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_and_Islamic_Studies"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="5620230"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/5620230/Imam_Mahdi"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Imam Mahdi " class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32692375/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/5620230/Imam_Mahdi">Imam Mahdi </a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="6b5a7015c1fd8fca8951a2472aea40b8" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":32692375,"asset_id":5620230,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32692375/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="5620230"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5620230"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5620230; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5620230]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5620230]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5620230; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='5620230']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5620230, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "6b5a7015c1fd8fca8951a2472aea40b8" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=5620230]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":5620230,"title":"Imam Mahdi ","translated_title":"","metadata":{},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/5620230/Imam_Mahdi","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2014-01-06T05:53:39.583-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":6700998,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32692375,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32692375/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Imam_Mahdi.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32692375/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Imam_Mahdi.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/32692375/Imam_Mahdi.docx?1389016388=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DImam_Mahdi.docx\u0026Expires=1732345623\u0026Signature=H1BEAUakOCrNXyYpYOnMGOlgSuSxGfo-Pdof-E79HOlJ9FGEDOv1e5ogn6ruP1eaao3s85tdoRVQmz3UxIOBFItFcfHuCthv818NhsAqs7g3z3w7budDcpm7hEQm-LAAEv0J5bkpnvtly9~hE-ztXcDXx1f0NibPNBHga-hCl7a7S3E3k81Kb6uRrsj1A3N6LmCvxckBgcNay1dr4UfGf8tQbJoDOocnP7SSrBlQb23KN1WaZB0VewvpHKLVK3ExF4KywXPMQN~SXe49g394K89pn4Pf0p4YP1fjoHSAfYG1k0LJTY9-3AikYD43XuOL1rAAzF36A1iu7DJnCjMSDA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Imam_Mahdi","translated_slug":"","page_count":12,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":6700998,"first_name":"Parvez","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Khan","page_name":"ParvezKhan","domain_name":"liverpool","created_at":"2013-11-08T11:34:15.900-08:00","display_name":"Parvez Khan","url":"https://liverpool.academia.edu/ParvezKhan"},"attachments":[{"id":32692375,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32692375/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Imam_Mahdi.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32692375/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Imam_Mahdi.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/32692375/Imam_Mahdi.docx?1389016388=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DImam_Mahdi.docx\u0026Expires=1732345623\u0026Signature=H1BEAUakOCrNXyYpYOnMGOlgSuSxGfo-Pdof-E79HOlJ9FGEDOv1e5ogn6ruP1eaao3s85tdoRVQmz3UxIOBFItFcfHuCthv818NhsAqs7g3z3w7budDcpm7hEQm-LAAEv0J5bkpnvtly9~hE-ztXcDXx1f0NibPNBHga-hCl7a7S3E3k81Kb6uRrsj1A3N6LmCvxckBgcNay1dr4UfGf8tQbJoDOocnP7SSrBlQb23KN1WaZB0VewvpHKLVK3ExF4KywXPMQN~SXe49g394K89pn4Pf0p4YP1fjoHSAfYG1k0LJTY9-3AikYD43XuOL1rAAzF36A1iu7DJnCjMSDA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":59854,"name":"Islamic Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Theology"},{"id":974041,"name":"Islamic Thought and Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Thought_and_Theology"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="5620222"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/5620222/Islamic_theology_and_monothiesm"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Islamic theology and monothiesm" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32692368/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/5620222/Islamic_theology_and_monothiesm">Islamic theology and monothiesm</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="9ac6d33b246fd0a6d81ac195b88ece32" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":32692368,"asset_id":5620222,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32692368/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="5620222"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5620222"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5620222; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5620222]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5620222]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5620222; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='5620222']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5620222, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "9ac6d33b246fd0a6d81ac195b88ece32" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=5620222]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":5620222,"title":"Islamic theology and monothiesm","translated_title":"","metadata":{},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/5620222/Islamic_theology_and_monothiesm","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2014-01-06T05:52:28.961-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":6700998,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32692368,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32692368/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Aqidah_al_Tahawiyya.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32692368/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Islamic_theology_and_monothiesm.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/32692368/Aqidah_al_Tahawiyya.docx?1389016298=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DIslamic_theology_and_monothiesm.docx\u0026Expires=1732345623\u0026Signature=g6kUVlII9bWdjdgEVzIt-jerGZM1yHyc624qkV9rL8Cf~jx86vsQbr2deSbcjJxdTImoYAbjGmzS4FgepVb7Ee4CRps0HKEpHG04w-MfSyfPccYQtw4vrVnUR-ZuGPdoJmraQCuxxNSMSZfkO6WvSH30Kz3VCOtxwRLQYU0ArCvQ6pLydAEltHpHcPuIEWsPqNyfAhspJ75~5~ifQAVeD39QE0MmlE4jxb04PdK-L6r-zxCltA318EVMU683ECRxIESGWCV5w3wEZNevL6ldFmKycB45lN0u9D1dK1jSFtmC6zhGKuzJc4ZwXVFo2gCUkt8MgsnJ5G7JeVRvuEK08A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Islamic_theology_and_monothiesm","translated_slug":"","page_count":11,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":6700998,"first_name":"Parvez","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Khan","page_name":"ParvezKhan","domain_name":"liverpool","created_at":"2013-11-08T11:34:15.900-08:00","display_name":"Parvez Khan","url":"https://liverpool.academia.edu/ParvezKhan"},"attachments":[{"id":32692368,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32692368/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Aqidah_al_Tahawiyya.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32692368/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Islamic_theology_and_monothiesm.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/32692368/Aqidah_al_Tahawiyya.docx?1389016298=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DIslamic_theology_and_monothiesm.docx\u0026Expires=1732345623\u0026Signature=g6kUVlII9bWdjdgEVzIt-jerGZM1yHyc624qkV9rL8Cf~jx86vsQbr2deSbcjJxdTImoYAbjGmzS4FgepVb7Ee4CRps0HKEpHG04w-MfSyfPccYQtw4vrVnUR-ZuGPdoJmraQCuxxNSMSZfkO6WvSH30Kz3VCOtxwRLQYU0ArCvQ6pLydAEltHpHcPuIEWsPqNyfAhspJ75~5~ifQAVeD39QE0MmlE4jxb04PdK-L6r-zxCltA318EVMU683ECRxIESGWCV5w3wEZNevL6ldFmKycB45lN0u9D1dK1jSFtmC6zhGKuzJc4ZwXVFo2gCUkt8MgsnJ5G7JeVRvuEK08A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5675,"name":"Kalam (Islamic Theology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kalam_Islamic_Theology_"},{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="5618437"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/5618437/Wisdoms_of_human_suffering"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Wisdoms of human suffering" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32691181/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/5618437/Wisdoms_of_human_suffering">Wisdoms of human suffering</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="46801bdfc83943aa3e8c099c12333ca4" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":32691181,"asset_id":5618437,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32691181/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="5618437"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5618437"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5618437; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5618437]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5618437]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5618437; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='5618437']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5618437, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "46801bdfc83943aa3e8c099c12333ca4" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=5618437]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":5618437,"title":"Wisdoms of human suffering","translated_title":"","metadata":{},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/5618437/Wisdoms_of_human_suffering","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2014-01-06T02:27:16.594-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":6700998,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32691181,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32691181/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Reconcilation_between_existance_of_God_and_human_suffering.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32691181/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Wisdoms_of_human_suffering.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/32691181/Reconcilation_between_existance_of_God_and_human_suffering.docx?1389003996=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DWisdoms_of_human_suffering.docx\u0026Expires=1732345623\u0026Signature=g~Mk~gvoU~b9jcokpQ5YXgUqzIroZSNug6Rr9iWDnOGr1Rht~ol7HGb4-WUp1oW0UWkQ~Etf4GQkmpvOzsONZf3hZtssue58OmBdJSaumMWHoJlnaA81tubxsAhCbLggdBFx315S2rooXm0QQMRGgRYCGa9wmG7P8OKrMZuWuULWdTNE0ol9Ktwlgxv4nO0GgOTkgOGCmk6wyCtibSQL87bX~kIYBjxWgUyp69~ncYCLqRfY5brlGW4hUS5OeK069AoU9e8qIZU2u-K-FKQpy~w1rgrQPbQXF4ydI60b~izphsjswGdfyIuwvE02klt~AKIDWaDu~0leDV8zE60aOA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Wisdoms_of_human_suffering","translated_slug":"","page_count":26,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":6700998,"first_name":"Parvez","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Khan","page_name":"ParvezKhan","domain_name":"liverpool","created_at":"2013-11-08T11:34:15.900-08:00","display_name":"Parvez Khan","url":"https://liverpool.academia.edu/ParvezKhan"},"attachments":[{"id":32691181,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32691181/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Reconcilation_between_existance_of_God_and_human_suffering.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32691181/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Wisdoms_of_human_suffering.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/32691181/Reconcilation_between_existance_of_God_and_human_suffering.docx?1389003996=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DWisdoms_of_human_suffering.docx\u0026Expires=1732345623\u0026Signature=g~Mk~gvoU~b9jcokpQ5YXgUqzIroZSNug6Rr9iWDnOGr1Rht~ol7HGb4-WUp1oW0UWkQ~Etf4GQkmpvOzsONZf3hZtssue58OmBdJSaumMWHoJlnaA81tubxsAhCbLggdBFx315S2rooXm0QQMRGgRYCGa9wmG7P8OKrMZuWuULWdTNE0ol9Ktwlgxv4nO0GgOTkgOGCmk6wyCtibSQL87bX~kIYBjxWgUyp69~ncYCLqRfY5brlGW4hUS5OeK069AoU9e8qIZU2u-K-FKQpy~w1rgrQPbQXF4ydI60b~izphsjswGdfyIuwvE02klt~AKIDWaDu~0leDV8zE60aOA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":47553,"name":"Islamic Spirituality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Spirituality"},{"id":59854,"name":"Islamic Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Theology"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="5618392"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/5618392/Messiahs_ascension"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Messiah's ascension " class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32691154/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/5618392/Messiahs_ascension">Messiah's ascension </a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="5ea6d184aaf1a1d1db5e50e7f24b251e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":32691154,"asset_id":5618392,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32691154/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="5618392"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5618392"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5618392; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5618392]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5618392]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5618392; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='5618392']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5618392, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "5ea6d184aaf1a1d1db5e50e7f24b251e" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=5618392]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":5618392,"title":"Messiah's ascension ","translated_title":"","metadata":{},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/5618392/Messiahs_ascension","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2014-01-06T02:23:59.416-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":6700998,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32691154,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32691154/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Prophet_isa_ibn_maryam_was_raised_up_alive.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32691154/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Messiahs_ascension.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/32691154/Prophet_isa_ibn_maryam_was_raised_up_alive.docx?1389003810=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMessiahs_ascension.docx\u0026Expires=1732412486\u0026Signature=Dhj~JeV9YN1-yrFH5iYcSy8Z~1WKv77FFXeEnYZGj4bTAg6p3szFnVXpgxTE-T5HhT4TGee2XWZ5oUiRwaMAgMQfwdiTapKFZq2NWLxbhbU8Ioab7AxBrczfPYgDsx5Ph508WaN8MtujsakxCp6O5ZmXXTeUXSRJZ9eqKDbBMlvKKv4E5ZCLSVhC2e8HghABfZiPuIbRHp~tsaS6M0Xn8YVVcKBjJegKqh4BuZsHFPVw9kZSUTBxthW70lw8hlzweyLzO--Ykktc95SzwjWs48nV8AoMCm0A1JVYD8ivgv6DhLfk~T4nLzo-o1LUjywg93lE4nnYkGncdbjHRJcWRw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Messiahs_ascension","translated_slug":"","page_count":15,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":6700998,"first_name":"Parvez","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Khan","page_name":"ParvezKhan","domain_name":"liverpool","created_at":"2013-11-08T11:34:15.900-08:00","display_name":"Parvez Khan","url":"https://liverpool.academia.edu/ParvezKhan"},"attachments":[{"id":32691154,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32691154/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Prophet_isa_ibn_maryam_was_raised_up_alive.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32691154/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Messiahs_ascension.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/32691154/Prophet_isa_ibn_maryam_was_raised_up_alive.docx?1389003810=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMessiahs_ascension.docx\u0026Expires=1732412486\u0026Signature=Dhj~JeV9YN1-yrFH5iYcSy8Z~1WKv77FFXeEnYZGj4bTAg6p3szFnVXpgxTE-T5HhT4TGee2XWZ5oUiRwaMAgMQfwdiTapKFZq2NWLxbhbU8Ioab7AxBrczfPYgDsx5Ph508WaN8MtujsakxCp6O5ZmXXTeUXSRJZ9eqKDbBMlvKKv4E5ZCLSVhC2e8HghABfZiPuIbRHp~tsaS6M0Xn8YVVcKBjJegKqh4BuZsHFPVw9kZSUTBxthW70lw8hlzweyLzO--Ykktc95SzwjWs48nV8AoMCm0A1JVYD8ivgv6DhLfk~T4nLzo-o1LUjywg93lE4nnYkGncdbjHRJcWRw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":59854,"name":"Islamic Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Theology"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="5618391"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/5618391/Jesus_is_alive"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Jesus is alive" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32836107/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/5618391/Jesus_is_alive">Jesus is alive</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="8ac9f97b3421cd65ae12da80ed4f4260" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":32836107,"asset_id":5618391,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32836107/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="5618391"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5618391"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5618391; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5618391]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5618391]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5618391; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='5618391']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5618391, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "8ac9f97b3421cd65ae12da80ed4f4260" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=5618391]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":5618391,"title":"Jesus is alive","translated_title":"","metadata":{},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/5618391/Jesus_is_alive","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2014-01-06T02:23:59.328-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":6700998,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32836107,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32836107/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Jesus_is_alive.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32836107/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Jesus_is_alive.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/32836107/Jesus_is_alive.docx?1390593369=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DJesus_is_alive.docx\u0026Expires=1732412486\u0026Signature=cPMTkrwtvEPuSaUmtJOkUmDuioV43H~TrBLBkpyeWjVq0YZ3t5UK0QXtSh7U8gJrhuk2OO~QRcTht-SubB3m1auh0Ly9tamCgNB0nsjFXHhLq73WY2oWfL4f2RJXaSRu~gGmCEk-WOkuctSeI3mJie7RtFRLGAoes-tb09sZKuOKFa4sR3whiDQ3tgOMSp-A-2VOR84fv4RWWqYGx7iJwYlhZj0UEgzvQ3G9jYLX259Q4ixRy~R3JwjrHUngTX9lZ4dMJqYmXpr~VugJeC0Loqev2yChAChC4nvG2V37eYHThDxMhlzHFJ8iyBjL3wFNM3M95xdurn61X3zanVZMMA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Jesus_is_alive","translated_slug":"","page_count":66,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":6700998,"first_name":"Parvez","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Khan","page_name":"ParvezKhan","domain_name":"liverpool","created_at":"2013-11-08T11:34:15.900-08:00","display_name":"Parvez Khan","url":"https://liverpool.academia.edu/ParvezKhan"},"attachments":[{"id":32836107,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32836107/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Jesus_is_alive.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32836107/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Jesus_is_alive.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/32836107/Jesus_is_alive.docx?1390593369=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DJesus_is_alive.docx\u0026Expires=1732412486\u0026Signature=cPMTkrwtvEPuSaUmtJOkUmDuioV43H~TrBLBkpyeWjVq0YZ3t5UK0QXtSh7U8gJrhuk2OO~QRcTht-SubB3m1auh0Ly9tamCgNB0nsjFXHhLq73WY2oWfL4f2RJXaSRu~gGmCEk-WOkuctSeI3mJie7RtFRLGAoes-tb09sZKuOKFa4sR3whiDQ3tgOMSp-A-2VOR84fv4RWWqYGx7iJwYlhZj0UEgzvQ3G9jYLX259Q4ixRy~R3JwjrHUngTX9lZ4dMJqYmXpr~VugJeC0Loqev2yChAChC4nvG2V37eYHThDxMhlzHFJ8iyBjL3wFNM3M95xdurn61X3zanVZMMA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7983,"name":"Quranic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_Studies-1"},{"id":15799,"name":"Hadith Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hadith_Studies"},{"id":59854,"name":"Islamic Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Theology"},{"id":1116626,"name":"Deobandi Sunni Islamic Thought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Deobandi_Sunni_Islamic_Thought"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="5618390"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/5618390/Why_we_are_tested"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Why we are tested " class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32841111/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/5618390/Why_we_are_tested">Why we are tested </a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="64907ac66320233ef1d3339db976d0d3" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":32841111,"asset_id":5618390,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32841111/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="5618390"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5618390"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5618390; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5618390]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5618390]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5618390; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='5618390']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5618390, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "64907ac66320233ef1d3339db976d0d3" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=5618390]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":5618390,"title":"Why we are tested ","translated_title":"","metadata":{"grobid_abstract":"The main purpose of the human being in this life is to submit to the will and decree of All膩h and worship Him, revere Him and know Him.","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":32841111},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/5618390/Why_we_are_tested","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2014-01-06T02:23:57.759-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":6700998,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32841111,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32841111/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Reconcilation_between_existance_of_God_and_human_suffering.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32841111/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Why_we_are_tested.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/32841111/Reconcilation_between_existance_of_God_and_human_suffering.docx?1390660243=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DWhy_we_are_tested.docx\u0026Expires=1732412486\u0026Signature=B4IGI03pCME2mW12da3p8JVmbdNhQQ4Eetq8ETTvOZpCWComK5XnqHprr69AccpyRi2jX4FfWj8KHYivvAJ5Vw3WrxCy31NbgXNUtBlMlONbPg5OvYFN15v6EJW07mKy8ZYohTV1hoEQxseHdGZKTbT1Cjti6vHiKyo89eKCc-vuUKv32-uIBSCtMbruV~eYnxcvNCpACEer5yIjt64LNMxNHpTtvjlLFfyGDhAePoSdgP874bDTJQJxEn7ND35HnIj4fMsX8Jp2E9GN1gUOGECF8cLw8LMfIU7zNyJN9yIWc~A5V1yR7FseHo~YYbDDdrXqWzWpqCJKXD-jngxXQA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Why_we_are_tested","translated_slug":"","page_count":30,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":6700998,"first_name":"Parvez","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Khan","page_name":"ParvezKhan","domain_name":"liverpool","created_at":"2013-11-08T11:34:15.900-08:00","display_name":"Parvez Khan","url":"https://liverpool.academia.edu/ParvezKhan"},"attachments":[{"id":32841111,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32841111/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Reconcilation_between_existance_of_God_and_human_suffering.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32841111/download_file?st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQwODg4Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Why_we_are_tested.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/32841111/Reconcilation_between_existance_of_God_and_human_suffering.docx?1390660243=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DWhy_we_are_tested.docx\u0026Expires=1732412486\u0026Signature=B4IGI03pCME2mW12da3p8JVmbdNhQQ4Eetq8ETTvOZpCWComK5XnqHprr69AccpyRi2jX4FfWj8KHYivvAJ5Vw3WrxCy31NbgXNUtBlMlONbPg5OvYFN15v6EJW07mKy8ZYohTV1hoEQxseHdGZKTbT1Cjti6vHiKyo89eKCc-vuUKv32-uIBSCtMbruV~eYnxcvNCpACEer5yIjt64LNMxNHpTtvjlLFfyGDhAePoSdgP874bDTJQJxEn7ND35HnIj4fMsX8Jp2E9GN1gUOGECF8cLw8LMfIU7zNyJN9yIWc~A5V1yR7FseHo~YYbDDdrXqWzWpqCJKXD-jngxXQA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":15799,"name":"Hadith Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hadith_Studies"},{"id":59854,"name":"Islamic Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Theology"},{"id":106348,"name":"Quranic and Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_and_Islamic_Studies"},{"id":634222,"name":"Orthodox Sunni creed","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Orthodox_Sunni_creed"},{"id":828733,"name":"Sunni Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sunni_Islam"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/google_contacts-0dfb882d836b94dbcb4a2d123d6933fc9533eda5be911641f20b4eb428429600.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $('.js-google-connect-button').click(function(e) { e.preventDefault(); GoogleContacts.authorize_and_show_contacts(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordClickthrough("WowProfileImportContactsPrompt"); }); $('.js-update-biography-button').click(function(e) { e.preventDefault(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordClickthrough("UpdateUserBiographyPrompt"); $.ajax({ url: $r.api_v0_profiles_update_about_path({ subdomain_param: 'api', about: "", }), type: 'PUT', success: function(response) { location.reload(); } }); }); $('.js-work-creator-button').click(function (e) { e.preventDefault(); window.location = $r.upload_funnel_document_path({ source: encodeURIComponent(""), }); }); $('.js-video-upload-button').click(function (e) { e.preventDefault(); window.location = $r.upload_funnel_video_path({ source: encodeURIComponent(""), }); }); $('.js-do-this-later-button').click(function() { $(this).closest('.js-profile-nag-panel').remove(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordDismissal("WowProfileImportContactsPrompt"); }); $('.js-update-biography-do-this-later-button').click(function(){ $(this).closest('.js-profile-nag-panel').remove(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordDismissal("UpdateUserBiographyPrompt"); }); $('.wow-profile-mentions-upsell--close').click(function(){ $('.wow-profile-mentions-upsell--panel').hide(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordDismissal("WowProfileMentionsUpsell"); }); $('.wow-profile-mentions-upsell--button').click(function(){ Aedu.Dismissibles.recordClickthrough("WowProfileMentionsUpsell"); }); new WowProfile.SocialRedesignUserWorks({ initialWorksOffset: 20, allWorksOffset: 20, maxSections: 1 }) }); </script> </div></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile_edit-5ea339ee107c863779f560dd7275595239fed73f1a13d279d2b599a28c0ecd33.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/add_coauthor-22174b608f9cb871d03443cafa7feac496fb50d7df2d66a53f5ee3c04ba67f53.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/tab-dcac0130902f0cc2d8cb403714dd47454f11fc6fb0e99ae6a0827b06613abc20.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb window.ae = window.ae || {}; window.ae.WowProfile = window.ae.WowProfile || {}; if(Aedu.User.current && Aedu.User.current.id === $viewedUser.id) { window.ae.WowProfile.current_user_edit = {}; new WowProfileEdit.EditUploadView({ el: '.js-edit-upload-button-wrapper', model: window.$current_user, }); new AddCoauthor.AddCoauthorsController(); } var userInfoView = new WowProfile.SocialRedesignUserInfo({ recaptcha_key: "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB" }); WowProfile.router = new WowProfile.Router({ userInfoView: userInfoView }); Backbone.history.start({ pushState: true, root: "/" + $viewedUser.page_name }); new WowProfile.UserWorksNav() }); </script> </div> <div class="bootstrap login"><div class="modal fade login-modal" id="login-modal"><div class="login-modal-dialog modal-dialog"><div class="modal-content"><div class="modal-header"><button class="close close" data-dismiss="modal" type="button"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span><span class="sr-only">Close</span></button><h4 class="modal-title text-center"><strong>Log In</strong></h4></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><button class="btn btn-fb btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-facebook-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 19px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="facebook-square" class="svg-inline--fa fa-facebook-square fa-w-14" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M400 32H48A48 48 0 0 0 0 80v352a48 48 0 0 0 48 48h137.25V327.69h-63V256h63v-54.64c0-62.15 37-96.48 93.67-96.48 27.14 0 55.52 4.84 55.52 4.84v61h-31.27c-30.81 0-40.42 19.12-40.42 38.73V256h68.78l-11 71.69h-57.78V480H400a48 48 0 0 0 48-48V80a48 48 0 0 0-48-48z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Facebook</strong></small></button><br /><button class="btn btn-google btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-google-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 22px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="google-plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-google-plus fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256,8C119.1,8,8,119.1,8,256S119.1,504,256,504,504,392.9,504,256,392.9,8,256,8ZM185.3,380a124,124,0,0,1,0-248c31.3,0,60.1,11,83,32.3l-33.6,32.6c-13.2-12.9-31.3-19.1-49.4-19.1-42.9,0-77.2,35.5-77.2,78.1S142.3,334,185.3,334c32.6,0,64.9-19.1,70.1-53.3H185.3V238.1H302.2a109.2,109.2,0,0,1,1.9,20.7c0,70.8-47.5,121.2-118.8,121.2ZM415.5,273.8v35.5H380V273.8H344.5V238.3H380V202.8h35.5v35.5h35.2v35.5Z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Google</strong></small></button><br /><style type="text/css">.sign-in-with-apple-button { width: 100%; height: 52px; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid black; cursor: pointer; }</style><script src="https://appleid.cdn-apple.com/appleauth/static/jsapi/appleid/1/en_US/appleid.auth.js" type="text/javascript"></script><div class="sign-in-with-apple-button" data-border="false" data-color="white" id="appleid-signin"><span   ="Sign Up with Apple" class="u-fs11"></span></div><script>AppleID.auth.init({ clientId: 'edu.academia.applesignon', scope: 'name email', redirectURI: 'https://www.academia.edu/sessions', state: "f38f561504b163a74832eec7fee8e88af4c1ca65e9d3281f0328730224c62e71", });</script><script>// Hacky way of checking if on fast loswp if (window.loswp == null) { (function() { const Google = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Google; const Facebook = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Facebook; if (Google) { new Google({ el: '#login-google-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } if (Facebook) { new Facebook({ el: '#login-facebook-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } })(); }</script></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><div class="hr-heading login-hr-heading"><span class="hr-heading-text">or</span></div></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><form class="js-login-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/sessions" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="c7Eok1GngS9cFlqOzNWV4mZDdWE2XzyS6i2CXtt8DQXfoI0YSSUBd6lfVXpDTbDJ7BVT/LT4YNCdDHd7gmG9PA==" autocomplete="off" /><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-email-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Email</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-email-input" name="login" type="email" /></div><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-password-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Password</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-password-input" name="password" type="password" /></div><input type="hidden" name="post_login_redirect_url" id="post_login_redirect_url" value="https://liverpool.academia.edu/ParvezKhan" autocomplete="off" /><div class="checkbox"><label><input type="checkbox" name="remember_me" id="remember_me" value="1" checked="checked" /><small style="font-size: 12px; margin-top: 2px; display: inline-block;">Remember me on this computer</small></label></div><br><input type="submit" name="commit" value="Log In" class="btn btn-primary btn-block btn-lg js-login-submit" data-disable-with="Log In" /></br></form><script>typeof window?.Aedu?.recaptchaManagedForm === 'function' && window.Aedu.recaptchaManagedForm( document.querySelector('.js-login-form'), document.querySelector('.js-login-submit') );</script><small style="font-size: 12px;"><br />or <a data-target="#login-modal-reset-password-container" data-toggle="collapse" href="javascript:void(0)">reset password</a></small><div class="collapse" id="login-modal-reset-password-container"><br /><div class="well margin-0x"><form class="js-password-reset-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/reset_password" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="L7KdDOFJVhx8I67EwEXyGUeGW2LDGGQEloAI0+laqhKDoziH+cvWRIlqoTBP3dcyzdB9/0G/OEbhof32sEcaKw==" autocomplete="off" /><p>Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.</p><div class="form-group"><input class="form-control" name="email" type="email" /></div><script src="https://recaptcha.net/recaptcha/api.js" async defer></script> <script> var invisibleRecaptchaSubmit = function () { var closestForm = function (ele) { var curEle = ele.parentNode; while (curEle.nodeName !== 'FORM' && curEle.nodeName !== 'BODY'){ curEle = curEle.parentNode; } return curEle.nodeName === 'FORM' ? curEle : null }; var eles = document.getElementsByClassName('g-recaptcha'); if (eles.length > 0) { var form = closestForm(eles[0]); if (form) { form.submit(); } } }; </script> <input type="submit" data-sitekey="6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj" data-callback="invisibleRecaptchaSubmit" class="g-recaptcha btn btn-primary btn-block" value="Email me a link" value=""/> </form></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/collapse-45805421cf446ca5adf7aaa1935b08a3a8d1d9a6cc5d91a62a2a3a00b20b3e6a.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $("#login-modal-reset-password-container").on("shown.bs.collapse", function() { $(this).find("input[type=email]").focus(); }); }); </script> </div></div></div><div class="modal-footer"><div class="text-center"><small style="font-size: 12px;">Need an account? <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Click here to sign up</a></small></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// If we are on subdomain or non-bootstrapped page, redirect to login page instead of showing modal (function(){ if (typeof $ === 'undefined') return; var host = window.location.hostname; if ((host === $domain || host === "www."+$domain) && (typeof $().modal === 'function')) { $("#nav_log_in").click(function(e) { // Don't follow the link and open the modal e.preventDefault(); $("#login-modal").on('shown.bs.modal', function() { $(this).find("#login-modal-email-input").focus() }).modal('show'); }); } })()</script> <div class="bootstrap" id="footer"><div class="footer-content clearfix text-center padding-top-7x" style="width:100%;"><ul class="footer-links-secondary footer-links-wide list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://medium.com/academia">Blog</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/topics">Topics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/journals">Academia.edu Journals</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg style="width: 13px; height: 13px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg> <strong>We're Hiring!</strong></a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/"><svg style="width: 12px; height: 12px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg> <strong>Help Center</strong></a></li></ul><ul class="footer-links-tertiary list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li class="small">Find new research papers in:</li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics">Physics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences">Health Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences">Earth Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="DesignSystem" id="credit" style="width:100%;"><ul class="u-pl0x footer-links-legal list-inline"><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li>Academia ©2024</li></ul></div><script> //<![CDATA[ window.detect_gmtoffset = true; window.Academia && window.Academia.set_gmtoffset && Academia.set_gmtoffset('/gmtoffset'); //]]> </script> <div id='overlay_background'></div> <div id='bootstrap-modal-container' class='bootstrap'></div> <div id='ds-modal-container' class='bootstrap DesignSystem'></div> <div id='full-screen-modal'></div> </div> </body> </html>