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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Croatia,_Bosnia-Herzegovina,_North_Macedonia,_Montenegro,_Serbia_(former_Yugoslavia)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia (former Yugoslavia)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Croatia,_Bosnia-Herzegovina,_North_Macedonia,_Montenegro,_Serbia_(former_Yugoslavia)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Czech_Republic,_Poland_and_Slovakia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Czech_Republic,_Poland_and_Slovakia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Czech Republic, Poland and Slovakia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Czech_Republic,_Poland_and_Slovakia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Finland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Finland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Finland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Finland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>France</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Germany_and_Austria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Germany_and_Austria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Germany and Austria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Germany_and_Austria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Greece" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greece"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Greece</span> </div> </a> <ul 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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Romania_and_Moldova"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.12</span> <span>Romania and Moldova</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Romania_and_Moldova-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.13</span> <span>Russia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.14</span> <span>Spain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sweden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sweden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span 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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Engineer's degree</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Дипломиран инженер – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Дипломиран инженер" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%C5%BEinier_(akademick%C3%BD_titul)" title="Inžinier (akademický titul) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Inžinier (akademický titul)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q15206450#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about a specific type of postgraduate degree. For the education of engineers in general, see <a href="/wiki/Engineering_education" title="Engineering education">Engineering education</a>.</div> <p>An <b>engineer's degree</b> is an advanced <a href="/wiki/Academic_degree" title="Academic degree">academic degree</a> in <a href="/wiki/Engineering" title="Engineering">engineering</a> which is conferred in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, some countries of <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a>, North Africa and a few institutions in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. The degree may require a thesis but always requires a non-abstract project.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To obtain an Engineer's degree in <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>, the duration of study typically ranges from 4 to 5 years, depending on the <a href="/wiki/Country" title="Country">country</a> and <a href="/wiki/University" title="University">university</a>. Additionally, there may be further requirements for certifications or licenses to practice engineering after graduation. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="North_America">North America</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Engineer%27s_degree&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: North America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canada">Canada</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Engineer%27s_degree&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Through the Canadian Engineering Accreditation Board (CEAB), <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Council_of_Professional_Engineers" title="Canadian Council of Professional Engineers">Engineers Canada</a> accredits Canadian undergraduate engineering programs that meet the standards of the profession.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Graduates of those programs are deemed by the profession to have the required academic qualifications to pursue further training towards becoming a licensed professional engineer in Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, a CEAB-accredited engineer degree is the minimum academic requirement for registration as a P.Eng (<a href="/wiki/Professional_engineer" class="mw-redirect" title="Professional engineer">professional engineer</a>) anywhere in Canada and the standard against which all other engineering academic qualifications are measured.<sup id="cite_ref-apegm.mb.ca_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apegm.mb.ca-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A graduate of a non-CEAB-accredited program must demonstrate that his or her education is at least equivalent to that of a graduate of a CEAB-accredited program.<sup id="cite_ref-apegm.mb.ca_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apegm.mb.ca-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Engineer%27s_degree&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, the engineer's degree requires a year of study beyond a master's degree or two years from a bachelor's degree and often includes a requirement for a research thesis.<sup id="cite_ref-MIT_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MIT-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Stanford_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stanford-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SCU_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SCU-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Naval_Postgraduate_School" title="Naval Postgraduate School">Naval Postgraduate School</a> the thesis is required to be "more extensive and complete in problem scope and solution than a master's thesis", although "not necessarily meeting the test of original research and contribution to fundamental knowledge that is applied to PhD dissertations."<sup id="cite_ref-NPS_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPS-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles" title="University of California, Los Angeles">UCLA</a>, the engineer degree is explicitly set at the level of the preliminary PhD examination, i.e. not including the contribution to fundamental knowledge.<sup id="cite_ref-UCLA_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UCLA-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The engineer's degree was originally a first degree at the same level as a bachelor's degree. <a href="/wiki/Rensselaer_Polytechnic_Institute" title="Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute">Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute</a> was empowered by its 1824 charter to award Civil Engineer and Topographical Engineer degrees alongside the Bachelor in Science, and awarded the first Civil Engineer degrees in 1835. Civil Engineer degrees were also awarded by <a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_College" title="Dartmouth College">Dartmouth College</a> (from 1845), the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a> (from 1855) and by <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a> (from 1860), while <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a> awarded Engineer of Mines degrees from 1867. By the early 20th-century engineer's degrees were commonly at graduate level – a survey by a committee of the <a href="/wiki/Association_of_American_Universities" title="Association of American Universities">Association of American Universities</a> in 1916 found that this was the case in over two-thirds of the universities surveyed. The committee recommended that engineer's degrees be reserved for study beyond master's level.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Latin_America">Latin America</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Engineer%27s_degree&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Latin America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a>, a degree or title of "Ingeniero" is awarded after completing five years of college.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This may be translated as "<a href="/wiki/Engineer" title="Engineer">Engineer</a>", however, its international academic equivalence depends on each country's educational system and can be compared to a six-year post-master's degree. Its award may imply obtaining a state <a href="/wiki/Licence" class="mw-redirect" title="Licence">licence</a> to legally practice in the field or a <a href="/wiki/Professional_certification" title="Professional certification">professional certification</a> outside the academic environment. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chile">Chile</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Engineer%27s_degree&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Chile"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chile's higher education system differs from the US model, with a six-year "Título Profesional en Ingeniería" granting the title of <a href="/wiki/Engineer" title="Engineer">engineer</a>. This professional title encompasses a bachelor's degree in science, allowing graduates to enter a master's or doctoral program. Alternatively, graduates can proceed directly to a doctorate after the six-year program. Therefore, a Chilean professional title in engineering is academically equivalent to a six-year post-master's degree. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mexico">Mexico</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Engineer%27s_degree&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Mexico"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Licentiate_(degree)#Mexico" title="Licentiate (degree)">Licentiate (degree) § Mexico</a></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, the educational system follows closely that of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mexico's university education comprises three cycles: <a href="/wiki/Licentiate_(degree)" title="Licentiate (degree)">Licenciatura</a> (bachelor's), <a href="/wiki/Maestr%C3%ADa" class="mw-redirect" title="Maestría">Maestría</a> (master's), and <a href="/wiki/Doctorado" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctorado">Doctorado</a> (doctorate). To be recognized as an Ingeniero (Engineer), graduates must complete specific engineering coursework and obtain a professional credential (cédula profesional). This credential authorizes engineers to perform specialized activities and certifies their professional competence.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For engineering, completing all taught courses of a <i>Licenciatura</i> does not automatically award the graduate the title and <a href="/wiki/Licence" class="mw-redirect" title="Licence">licence</a> of <i>Ingeniero</i>; for this, it depends on the name of the career and having the prefix <i>Ingeniería</i> attached to the name of the degree. It is the case that many people finish all courses in an engineering program, they obtain the <a href="/wiki/Diploma" title="Diploma">diploma</a> and title of Engineer and the professional credential, after getting their professional <a href="/wiki/Credential" title="Credential">credential</a> (<i>cédula profesional</i>). Degrees in engineering require four to five years to complete. After this, the graduate may enroll in a postgraduate program, such as a <a href="/wiki/Master%27s_degree" title="Master's degree">master's degree</a> or in exceptional cases, directly into a <a href="/wiki/Doctoral_degree" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctoral degree">doctoral degree</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Europe">Europe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Engineer%27s_degree&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prior to the <a href="/wiki/Bologna_Process" title="Bologna Process">Bologna Process</a>, In most countries of <a href="/wiki/Continental_Europe" title="Continental Europe">continental Europe</a>, universities specializing in technical fields traditionally awarded their students an engineer's degree after five years. This degree was typically the first university-awarded degree after finishing <a href="/wiki/Secondary_education" title="Secondary education">secondary education</a> and completing it granted qualifications to further pursue a <a href="/wiki/Doctorate" title="Doctorate">doctorate</a>. </p><p>Following German custom in higher education, the engineer's degree was called the <i><a href="/wiki/Diplom" title="Diplom">Diplom</a></i>. In addition to <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> itself, this system was common in states like <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> and <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>. </p><p>Following the introduction of the <a href="/wiki/Bologna_process" class="mw-redirect" title="Bologna process">Bologna process</a>, universities divide higher-education studies in three cycles, corresponding to a three to four-year <a href="/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degree" title="Bachelor's degree">bachelor's degree</a>, a one to two-year <a href="/wiki/Master%27s_degree" title="Master's degree">master's degree</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Doctoral_degree" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctoral degree">doctoral degree</a>. Accordingly, engineering studies are now divided in two parts: first, the <a href="/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degree" title="Bachelor's degree">bachelor's degree</a> (<i>baccalaureus</i>, three to four years) and the second optional part (one to two years), after which either the traditional engineer's degree or a <a href="/wiki/Master%27s_degree" title="Master's degree">master's degree</a> (e.g. MEng or MSc) is awarded. These can often, however, still be combined into a single 'integrated' degree programme in many countries, normally lasting five or six years (although only four years in England, Wales and Northern Ireland). But in the UK when one considers the whole formation of a fully qualified Chartered Engineer or Incorporated Engineer it is a minimum of eight years. Countries have varied in the implementation of the Bologna process, meaning the combination of first (bachelor's) and second (master's) cycles, even when taken as a single degree, can last from four to six years, although many countries have set five years as the minimum.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most traditional universities continue to have a primary academic degree program, for example, a five-year <i>Civilingenjör</i> in Sweden, that is distinct from the 3+2 scheme that awards the bachelor's and master's degrees but a student who has done both at a Swedish technical university will in most cases also fulfill the requirements for the <i>civilingenjör</i> degree.<sup id="cite_ref-ukae_qual_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ukae_qual-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In France, an important part of engineering is taught in <i>écoles d’ingénieurs</i>, which are part of the French <i><a href="/wiki/Grandes_%C3%A9coles" class="mw-redirect" title="Grandes écoles">grandes écoles</a></i> system. Since the <a href="/wiki/Bologna_Process" title="Bologna Process">Bologna Process</a>, the <i>Diplôme d’ingénieur</i> is officially considered to be at the level of a master's degree, equivalent to an integrated bachelor's and master's degree. </p><p>In German, the traditional engineer's degree is called Diplom-Ingenieur (Dipl. -Ing.; in Austria DI is also used). This degree is generally equivalent to a combined bachelor's and Master's degree, which is not to be confused with the old Magister degree. </p><p>Europe has the international professional engineering qualification and title of <a href="/wiki/European_Engineer" title="European Engineer">European Engineer</a> (EUR ING) which is obtained through peer review after seven years of education, training and professional experience. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Belgium">Belgium</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Engineer%27s_degree&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Belgium"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Belgium, there are three types of engineering degrees: </p> <ul><li>"Burgerlijk Ingenieur" / "Ingénieur civil" or "Master of Science in Engineering" (abbrev. "ir.") - 5 years study (3 BSc. + 2 MSc.), delivered by <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Belgium" title="List of universities in Belgium">universities</a>.</li> <li>"Bio-ingenieur" / "Bioingénieur" or "Master of Science in Bioscience Engineering" (abbrev. "ir.") - 5 years study (3 BSc. + 2 MSc.), delivered by universities.</li> <li>"Industrieel Ingenieur" / "Ingénieur industriel" or "Master of Science in Engineering Technology" (abbrev. "Ing.") - five years study in <a href="/wiki/French_Community_of_Belgium" title="French Community of Belgium">French Community of Belgium</a> (3 BSc. + 2 MSc.) or four years of study in the <a href="/wiki/Flemish_Community_of_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Flemish Community of Belgium">Flemish Community of Belgium</a> (3 BSc. + 1 MSc.), delivered by universities.</li></ul> <p>Names are traditionally prefixed with the ir. and/or Ing. titles, although this practice is not as widespread as in the Netherlands. Use of these titles is regulated and protected by law. Belgium is noteworthy as having a system under which demands made on students of engineering are particularly severe, especially in the first one or two years of the BSc degree.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Belarus_and_Ukraine">Belarus and Ukraine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Engineer%27s_degree&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Belarus and Ukraine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Engineer%27s_degree" title="Special:EditPage/Engineer's degree">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>, the degree is <i>спеціаліст інженер</i> (specialist engineer), a first degree after five years of education. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Croatia,_Bosnia-Herzegovina,_North_Macedonia,_Montenegro,_Serbia_(former_Yugoslavia)"><span id="Croatia.2C_Bosnia-Herzegovina.2C_North_Macedonia.2C_Montenegro.2C_Serbia_.28former_Yugoslavia.29"></span>Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia (former Yugoslavia)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Engineer%27s_degree&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia (former Yugoslavia)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>, the old system included the engineer's degrees <i>diplomirani inženjer</i> (abbr. <i>dipl.ing.</i>) which was awarded by university faculties and a lower ranked engineer's degree <i>inženjer</i> (abbr. <i>ing.</i>) which was awarded by polytechnics, in a similar vein to the situation in the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>. The old <i>dipl.ing.</i> degree could later be upgraded to a <i>magistar</i> (abbr. <i>mr.</i>, <a href="/wiki/Magister_(degree)" class="mw-redirect" title="Magister (degree)">Magister degree</a>) and then a <i>doktor</i> (abbr. <i>dr.</i>, <a href="/wiki/Doctorate" title="Doctorate">Doctorate</a>). The situation was the same in other countries previously part of <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a>, the abbreviation is <i>dipl.inž</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Serbian titles of <i>magistar</i> (abbr. <i>mr</i>, <a href="/wiki/Magister_(degree)" class="mw-redirect" title="Magister (degree)">Magister degree</a>) and <i>doktor</i> (abbr. <i>dr</i>, <a href="/wiki/Doctorate" title="Doctorate">Doctorate</a>) in abbreviated versions are used without full stop as a punctuation mark at the end. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Czech_Republic,_Poland_and_Slovakia"><span id="Czech_Republic.2C_Poland_and_Slovakia"></span>Czech Republic, Poland and Slovakia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Engineer%27s_degree&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Czech Republic, Poland and Slovakia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Engineer%27s_degree" title="Special:EditPage/Engineer's degree">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In the western Slavic-speaking countries, the engineer's degree is called <i>inżynier</i> (<a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>), <i>inžinier</i> (<a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a>) or <i>inženýr</i> (<a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a>) and the abbreviation is <i>inż.</i> in <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> and <i>Ing.</i> in the <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a>, which may be written before the person's name. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a>, the degree of <i>Ing.</i> is given for complete university studies in technical (like engineering), economic or agricultural fields. In one of these cases it can be equivalent to a <i><a href="/wiki/Master_of_Science_in_Engineering" title="Master of Science in Engineering">Master of Science in Engineering</a></i>. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, the degree of <i>inżynier</i> is available after 3.5 or 4 years of studies (like the <i><a href="/wiki/Licencjat" class="mw-redirect" title="Licencjat">licencjat</a></i> in non-engineering science) after a final thesis is completed. A <i>magister inżynier</i> (abbreviated <i>mgr inż.</i>) refers to a <i><a href="/wiki/Master_of_Science_in_Engineering" title="Master of Science in Engineering">Master of Science in Engineering</a></i>, after completing five years of study and a written thesis. Originally there were "inżynier" studies that lasted for four years and afterward one could obtain the "magister" title in two years of studies—the total of six years resulted in two degrees, "magister" and "inżynier". In the early 1960s a new track of studies was developed to speed up education and the "magister inżynier" five-year track was created. Whichever way one obtained the education the "magister inżynier" (mgr inż. before the name) was the equivalent degree with "inżynier" designating the professional level and "magister" designating the academic level. After the <a href="/wiki/Bologna_process" class="mw-redirect" title="Bologna process">Bologna process</a> the first level is "inżynier," obtainable after nominally three years of studies (although some are longer) with the same professional privileges as before and "masters" after one or two years gives the same academic and professional designation as before. But the ultimate shortening of the period of studies resulted in some professional groups (e.g. architects) demanding that "magister inżynier" be made a basis for professional rights. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Finland">Finland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Engineer%27s_degree&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Finland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Engineer%27s_degree" title="Special:EditPage/Engineer's degree">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a>, the engineer's degree is called <i><a href="/wiki/Diplomi-insin%C3%B6%C3%B6ri" title="Diplomi-insinööri">diplomi-insinööri</a></i> and abbreviated <i>dipl.ins.</i>, <i>DI</i> or <i>M.Sc.(Tech.)</i>. It is possible to obtain after five years of studying or even faster, but the average is around six years. Under the Bologna process, this is split into two parts, the first being one where the students can get the intermediate <i>tekniikan kandidaatti</i> (<i>B.Sc.(Tech.)</i>) degree. </p><p>The degree of <i><a href="/wiki/Insin%C3%B6%C3%B6ri_(AMK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Insinööri (AMK)">insinööri (AMK)</a></i> is a bachelor's degree from a Finnish University of Applied Sciences (<i><a href="/wiki/Ammattikorkeakoulu" class="mw-redirect" title="Ammattikorkeakoulu">ammattikorkeakoulu</a></i>), similar to a German <i><a href="/wiki/Fachhochschule" title="Fachhochschule">Fachhochschule</a></i>, but it is not interchangeable with the academic <i>tekniikan kandidaatti</i>. </p><p>Due to the Bologna process, a new master's degree called <i>Insinööri (ylempi AMK)</i> or Master of Engineering has been introduced. It carries a requirement of two years of work experience after the degree of <i>insinööri (AMK)</i> and further studies. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="France">France</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Engineer%27s_degree&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: France"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Engineer%27s_degree" title="Special:EditPage/Engineer's degree">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> In France, the main way to become an engineer is : </p> <ul><li>Have a <i><a href="/wiki/Dipl%C3%B4me_d%27Ing%C3%A9nieur" title="Diplôme d'Ingénieur">Diplôme d'Ingénieur</a></i>, delivered by the <i><a href="/wiki/Grandes_%C3%A9coles" class="mw-redirect" title="Grandes écoles">grandes écoles</a></i> (or some technical universities), or have a Master's degree in Engineering from a University.</li></ul> <p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Dipl%C3%B4me_d%27Ing%C3%A9nieur" title="Diplôme d'Ingénieur">Diplôme d'Ingénieur</a></i> is a postgraduate degree in engineering usually awarded by the <i><a href="/wiki/Grandes_%C3%A9coles" class="mw-redirect" title="Grandes écoles">grandes écoles</a></i> in engineering. It is generally obtained after five to seven years of studies after the <i><a href="/wiki/Baccalaur%C3%A9at" title="Baccalauréat">baccalauréat</a></i>. It is considered more prestigious by recruiters than a Master's degree due to the electricity of the program. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, the "Diplôme d'Ingénieur" grants the title of "ingénieur diplômé," a distinction from the less regulated term "ingénieur." This diploma is equivalent to a combined Bachelor and Master of Science in Engineering, recognized in the US and EU. Graduates can pursue double degrees, doctoral studies, and careers in academia or industrial research. In France, any institution issuing the <i>Diplôme d'Ingénieur</i> must be accredited by the state. In France particularly, the <i>Diplôme d'Ingénieur</i> must be accredited by the <i><a href="/wiki/Commission_des_Titres_d%27Ing%C3%A9nieur" title="Commission des Titres d'Ingénieur">Commission des Titres d'Ingénieur</a></i>. Note that the best institutions are usually part of the <i><a href="/wiki/Conf%C3%A9rence_des_Grandes_%C3%A9coles" title="Conférence des Grandes écoles">Conférence des Grandes écoles</a></i>. </p><p>France<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is unusual in that it is mainly the <i><a href="/wiki/Grandes_%C3%A9coles" class="mw-redirect" title="Grandes écoles">grandes écoles</a></i> in engineering that are accredited and are certified to issue the <i>Diplôme d'Ingénieur</i>, which is differentiated from bachelor's and master's degrees in engineering issued by public universities (<i>universités</i>). <a href="/wiki/Universities_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Universities in France">Universities in France</a> are comprehensive institutions composed of several faculties covering various fields (natural sciences, engineering, law, economics, medicine, humanities, etc.) with a large student body. On the other hand, <i>grandes écoles</i> in engineering are much smaller and recruit their students through a more selective process (typically a few hundred students per year per institution, and a few thousand students per year country-wide). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Germany_and_Austria">Germany and Austria</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Engineer%27s_degree&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Germany and Austria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>, the traditional engineer's degree is called <i>Diplom-Ingenieur</i> (<i>Dipl.-Ing.</i>; in Austria <i>DI</i> is also used). This degree is generally equivalent to a <a href="/wiki/Master%27s_degree" title="Master's degree">Master's degree</a>, which is not to be confused with the old <i><a href="/wiki/Magister_(degree)" class="mw-redirect" title="Magister (degree)">Magister</a></i> degree. The German "universities of applied sciences" (<i><a href="/wiki/Fachhochschule" title="Fachhochschule">Fachhochschule</a></i>) awarded the traditional engineering degree <i>Diplom-Ingenieur (FH)</i> (<i>Dipl.-Ing. (FH)</i>). This superseded "<i>Ing. (Grad)</i>", which was previously awarded by universities of applied sciences and engineering schools after three years of study. A requirement for the degree was to write a <i><a href="/wiki/Diplom" title="Diplom">Diplom</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Thesis" title="Thesis">thesis</a>. Most programs that used to lead to a <i>Dipl.-Ing.</i> degree lead to master's degrees today, as the <i>Diplom-Ingenieur</i> as an academic title is phased out because of the <a href="/wiki/Bologna_Process" title="Bologna Process">Bologna Process</a>. However, some universities continue to hand out so-called equivalence certificates that certify the equivalence of a <i>Dipl.-Ing.</i> with the newly introduced MSc degrees. Since 2009, most universities in Germany offer bachelor's degree programmes (BSc, BEng and others) and master's programmes that lead to the academic degrees such as Master of Science, Master of Engineering, Master of Business Administration and others. </p><p>In Austria there also exists the <i>Ingenieur</i> (abbreviated as <i>Ing.</i>). This is not an academic degree as it is given to graduates of <i>HTLs</i> (<i><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6here_Technische_Lehranstalt" title="Höhere Technische Lehranstalt">Höhere Technische Lehranstalt</a></i>), secondary schools with technical focus. The Austrian engineers' law (<i>Ingenieurgesetz</i> 2017<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) specifies the criteria for obtaining the title: graduation from a technical high school (HTL), verifiable practical experience of three years, and an oral examination with a certified committee to prove advanced skills and knowledge in their field. Since 2017, <i>Ingenieur</i> titles obtained under these criteria are included in the <a href="/wiki/National_Qualifications_Framework" class="mw-redirect" title="National Qualifications Framework">National Qualifications Framework</a> on level 6, the same level as that of the bachelor's degree. However, the <i>Ingenieur</i> does not entitle holders to direct admission to university master's degree programmes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Greece">Greece</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Engineer%27s_degree&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Greece"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Greece, the title of "Engineer" is awarded by <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Greece" title="List of universities in Greece">higher education institutions</a>. There are two types of engineer. The title "Diplomate Engineer" (Diplomate in Greek: Διπλωματούχος; Kάτοχος ενός Διπλώματος/Δίπλωμα/Diploma; Diploma holder) is awarded after completion of a five-year undergraduate engineering degree (diploma) programme at a <a href="/wiki/Polytechnic_(Greece)" title="Polytechnic (Greece)">polytechnic university</a>. These degrees are 300 <a href="/wiki/European_Credit_Transfer_and_Accumulation_System" title="European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System">ECTS</a> credits, leading to a qualification at <a href="/wiki/ISCED" class="mw-redirect" title="ISCED">ISCED</a> level 7, equivalent to an integrated <a href="/wiki/Master%27s_degree" title="Master's degree">master's degree</a>. </p><p>The title of "Graduate Engineer"(Greek translation: "Πτυχιούχος Μηχανικός", English explanation: "Bachelor of Engineering Degree Holder"), is awarded after completion of a four-year (three and a half years from 1983 to 1995) undergraduate engineering degree programme at a <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Greece#Technological_educational_institutes" title="List of universities in Greece">technological educational institute</a> (TEI). These are 240 (previously 210, 1983–1995) ECTS credits leading to an award at ISCED level 6, equivalent to a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degree" title="Bachelor's degree">bachelor's degree</a>. TEIs existed from 1983 to 2019; they were reformed between 2013 and 2019 and their departments incorporated into existing higher education institutions.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Italy">Italy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Engineer%27s_degree&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Italy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Italy there was the engineering degree obtained after 5 years university and then one had to pass a state examination to be a professional engineer by law. </p><p>Later until 2001 there were two degrees: a three-year <i>diploma in ingegneria</i> (BEng level, title abbrev. "dipl. ing.") and a five-year <i>laurea in ingegneria</i> (MEng level, title abbrev. "ing."). Since 2001 reform, the bachelor's level is called <i>laurea</i> (abbrev. "L") and master's degree level is called <i>laurea specialistica</i> or <i>laurea magistrale</i> (abbrev. "LS"). Accordingly, today after three years of engineering studies, the degree called <i>laurea in ingegneria</i> (BEng level) and the title of <i>dottore in Ingegneria</i> (abbrev. "dott.") can be obtained. After two additional years of engineering studies, the degree called <i>laurea magistrale in ingegneria</i> (MEng level) and the title of <i>dottore magistrale in Ingegneria</i> (abbrev. "dott.") can be obtained. After a "state exam" one becomes "Ingegnere" (abbrev. Ing). In Italy the state accreditation system, degrees and titles are regulated by state law. See regulations (in Italian) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.miur.it/atti/2000/dm0804l.htm">DM 4 Agosto 2000</a> for "laurea" (bachelor) and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.miur.it/atti/2000/dm001128.htm">DM 28 Novembre 2000</a> for "laurea specialistica" (BEng (Hon)-master). Chartered professions (including engineering) are regulated by state law 328/01 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.miur.it/regolame/2001/professioniregolam/AgrArch/DPR328_2001.htm">("D.P.R. 5 giugno 2001, n. 328")</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Netherlands">Netherlands</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Engineer%27s_degree&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Netherlands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, somebody holding an engineer's degree is an <i>ingenieur</i>. There are two types of engineers with different abbreviations: </p> <ul><li><i>ir.</i> is obtained by university graduates (<i>Wetenschappelijk onderwijs</i> or WO). It is at academic level and the highest engineer qualification. - five years study (3 B.Sc. + 2 M.Sc.), or 6 years for engineers that graduated prior to the Bologna agreement.</li> <li><i>ing.</i> is obtained by graduates from polytechnics (<i>hoger beroeps onderwijs</i> or HBO). - four years study (4 B.Eng. or B.ASc.)</li></ul> <p>Names are traditionally prefixed with the <i>ir.</i> or <i>ing.</i> titles. Use of these titles is regulated and protected by Dutch law.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under the Bologna agreement, the titles are increasingly interchanged with the English-language degrees (B.Sc. for ing., M.Sc. for ir.). </p><p>Completion of Dutch engineering qualifications has historically demanded a lot of effort and talent. On average the four-year course takes 4.5 years to finish. <sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Portugal">Portugal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Engineer%27s_degree&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Portugal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Engineer%27s_degree" title="Special:EditPage/Engineer's degree">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In Portugal, Engineer (<a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>: <i lang="pt">engenheiro</i>, feminine: <i>engenheira</i>, abrev.: <i>eng.</i>) is a professional degree reserved for the effective members of the <a href="/wiki/Ordem_dos_Engenheiros" title="Ordem dos Engenheiros">Portuguese Institution of the Engineers (OE, <i>Ordem dos Engenheiros</i>)</a> and Portuguese Institution of Technical Engineers (OET, <i>Ordem dos Engenheiros Técnicos</i>). There is not an academic degree of <i>engenheiro</i>, despite the title being used informally to refer to anyone who has a degree in engineering, even a nonmember of the OE or OET. </p><p>Until the <a href="/wiki/Bologna_Process" title="Bologna Process">Bologna Process</a>, having a <i>licenciado</i> (five-year) degree in engineering was a previous condition to be able to be admitted to the OE. Presently, admission to the OE requires a post-Bologna <i>licenciado</i> (3 years) degree or a <i>mestre</i> (five-year) master in engineering. OE members holders of a post-Bologna <i>licenciado</i> degree are now classified as E1 grade engineers, while holders of a pre-Bologna <i>licenciado</i> or a <i>mestre</i> are classified as E2 grade engineers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Romania_and_Moldova">Romania and Moldova</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Engineer%27s_degree&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Romania and Moldova"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Engineer%27s_degree" title="Special:EditPage/Engineer's degree">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Moldova" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Moldova">Moldova</a> followed the French system. One needs a baccalaureate diploma to be accepted at the university. The engineering degree was called <i>Diploma de inginer</i> and the graduate was called a <i>Inginer diplomat</i>. These five years of study are equivalent to a Bologna Master (M.Sc/M.Eng/MCA). The five-year course concludes with a comprehensive set of specialising exams (<i>examen de diploma</i>). Marks nine and 10 are considered exceptional. Some universities had called <i>Diploma de Sub-inginer</i> which was a three-year course equivalent with a college degree. Following the <a href="/wiki/Bologna_process" class="mw-redirect" title="Bologna process">Bologna process</a>, the graduates obtain the <i>Inginer licentiat</i> degree, after following a four-year program. In this case the <i>Inginer Master</i> degree is obtained after an additional one- or two-year graduate program. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russia">Russia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Engineer%27s_degree&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Russia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Engineer%27s_degree" title="Special:EditPage/Engineer's degree">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>As of 2012 in <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, following degrees correspond to the "engineer's degree" in the sense of this article: </p> <ul><li><b>Инженер</b> - "engineer", which was formerly awarded after four, five, six years of study, may also contain clarification on the nature of engineering field, such as "mining engineer" or "systems engineer".</li> <li><b>Инженер по специальности</b> - "engineer at specialty" (where specialty's name is mentioned), currently awarded after five or six years of study, may also contain clarification on the nature of engineering field, such as "engineer-ecologist at specialty Rational usage of natural resources and protection of the environment"</li> <li><b>Инженер-исследователь по специальности</b> - "engineer-researcher at specialty" (where specialty's name is mentioned), was formerly awarded after seven years of study</li> <li><b>Бакалавр по направлению</b> - "bachelor at area" (where area's name is mentioned), currently awarded after four years of study and "area" is an engineering area, corresponding to one or more of former "specialties"</li> <li><b>Магистр по направлению</b> - "magister (master) at area" (where area's name is mentioned), currently awarded after two years of study to those already having any higher-education degree and "area" is an engineering area, corresponding to one or more of former "specialties"</li></ul> <p>Anything but "bachelor" is considered "second-level" higher education and gives access to postgraduate education for "candidate of sciences" degree, "bachelor" is considered "first-level" higher education degree and gives access to study for master's (magister) degree. </p><p>Post-graduate scientific degrees in engineering areas include <b>кандидат технических наук</b> - "candidate of technical sciences" and <b>доктор технических наук</b> - "doctor of technical sciences". Sometimes in English translations "...of technical sciences" is exchanged for "...of engineering". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spain">Spain</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Engineer%27s_degree&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Spain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The situation in <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> is very similar to France but without the <i><a href="/wiki/Grandes_%C3%A9coles" class="mw-redirect" title="Grandes écoles">grandes écoles</a></i> and Germany-UK in relation to the Technical Engineering Degrees. Long cycle Engineer's degrees (Ingenieros) traditionally used to be (at least nominally) six-year programs but the tendency since the mid-1990s has been to reduce them to five years. The last step to get the degree is the <i>Proyecto de Fin de Carrera</i> (Degree Project), which involves a combination of application development and some research work. Students submit a dissertation that they have to defend. The Spanish official name for the degree is <i>Ingeniero</i> (Engineer) or other degree called <i>Ingeniero Técnico</i> (Technical Engineer), which is a three to four years degree (involving also a Final Degree Project) and is equivalent to a Bachelor of Engineering, the Technical Engineer in Spain has full competencies and legal authority in their field; however, certain engineering professions require by law a master's degree in their respective field, a degree called "master habilitante" or "habilitating master's degree".<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A distinctive characteristic of Spanish engineering degrees is that the average duration of studies up to graduation is about 40 percent above the nominal duration and that the drop-out rate is considerable due to stricter examination standards.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sweden">Sweden</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Engineer%27s_degree&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Sweden"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are two different engineering degrees that belong to the so called professional degrees: <i>civilingenjör</i> (Master of Science in Engineering), which requires five years of study and <i>högskoleingenjör</i> (Bachelor of Science in Engineering), which amounts to three years. Both programmes admit students directly from secondary education.<sup id="cite_ref-ukae_qual_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ukae_qual-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turkey">Turkey</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Engineer%27s_degree&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Turkey"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, typical length of study for bachelor's degree at any engineering program is four years. Owner of a valid degree which is given by an engineering faculty at Turkish universities, can be called <i>Mühendis</i>, meaning "Engineer". The <i>"Mühendis"</i> title is limited by law to people with a valid engineering degree and the use of the title by others (even persons with much more work experience) is illegal. (Law No: 3458 <i>Law about Engineers and Architects 28.06.1938</i> Publish no:3945)<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A person may earn a master's degree in the same field as the bachelor's and be called as <i>"Yüksek Mühendis"</i> (meaning Higher Engineer). Most Turkish engineering programs are accredited to European system by Bologna process. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Engineer%27s_degree&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Durham_University" title="Durham University">Durham University</a> established the first school of engineering in the UK in 1837,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which awarded the academic rank of Civil Engineer between 1840 and 1852. After the school was re-established in Newcastle, the title of Civil Engineer was again awarded between 1887 and 1894.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The supplemental charter of <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_College,_Birmingham" title="Queen's College, Birmingham">Queen's College, Birmingham</a> in 1852 also specified that it could award the academic rank of Civil Engineer.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Birmingham school of engineering was wound down when the institution was reconstituted in 1867.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Africa">Africa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Engineer%27s_degree&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most countries follow the French system of higher education, the engineer's degree was called the <i>Diplôme d’ingénieur</i>. </p><p>Similar to France, an important part of engineering is taught in <i>écoles d’ingénieurs</i>, which are part of the <i><a href="/wiki/Grandes_%C3%A9coles" class="mw-redirect" title="Grandes écoles">grandes écoles</a></i> system. Since the <a href="/wiki/Bologna_Process" title="Bologna Process">Bologna Process</a>, the <i>Diplôme d’ingénieur</i> is officially considered to be at the level of a master's degree, equivalent to an integrated bachelor's and master's degree. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Morocco,_Tunisia_and_Algeria"><span id="Morocco.2C_Tunisia_and_Algeria"></span>Morocco, Tunisia and Algeria</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Engineer%27s_degree&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Morocco, Tunisia and Algeria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Morocco, Tunisia, and Algeria, the main way to become an engineer is to have a <i><a href="/wiki/Dipl%C3%B4me_d%27Ing%C3%A9nieur" title="Diplôme d'Ingénieur">Diplôme d'Ingénieur</a></i>, delivered by the <i><a href="/wiki/Grandes_%C3%A9coles" class="mw-redirect" title="Grandes écoles">grandes écoles</a></i> (or some technical universities), or have a master's degree in engineering from a University. </p><p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Dipl%C3%B4me_d%27Ing%C3%A9nieur" title="Diplôme d'Ingénieur">Diplôme d'Ingénieur</a></i> is a postgraduate degree in engineering usually awarded by the <i><a href="/wiki/Grandes_%C3%A9coles" class="mw-redirect" title="Grandes écoles">grandes écoles</a></i> in engineering. It is generally obtained after five to seven years of studies after the <i><a href="/wiki/Baccalaur%C3%A9at" title="Baccalauréat">baccalauréat</a></i>. It is considered more prestigious by recruiters than a master's degree due to the electricity<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (May 2024)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> of the program. </p><p>Each holder of the <i>Diplôme d'Ingénieur</i> is conferred the title of <i>ingénieur diplômé</i> (graduate engineer). This is distinguished from the term <i>ingénieur</i> (engineer) which is less regulated. The <i>diplôme d'ingénieur</i> is recognized as equivalent to a combined Bachelor of Science and Master of Science in engineering in the United States and in the countries of the European Union (also in France). </p><p>Most <i>grandes écoles</i> allow their students to join a double degree with a university (in France or abroad). Furthermore, <i>Diplôme d'Ingénieur</i> graduates can pursue a selective PhD after their engineering studies and later join academia or an industrial research and development department. </p><p>In Morocco and Tunisia, any institution issuing the <i>Diplôme d'Ingénieur</i> must be accredited by the state. The best institutions are usually part of the <i><a href="/wiki/Conf%C3%A9rence_des_Grandes_%C3%A9coles" title="Conférence des Grandes écoles">Conférence des Grandes écoles</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Egypt_and_South_Africa">Egypt and South Africa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Engineer%27s_degree&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Egypt and South Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Egypt and South Africa do not follow the French education system and offer the traditional bachelor's and master's programs, which can be taken separately. The <i>Diplôme d'Ingénieur</i> is not offered. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Asia">Asia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Engineer%27s_degree&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Engineer%27s_degree&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Bangladesh"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>, the engineering degree is referred to as Diploma in Engineering at the Graduate level (Dip in Engg) Dip in Engg course duration is 4 years. It is the institution Diploma in Engineering course duration is 4 years. Diploma Engineers are recognized by the <a href="/wiki/Institution_of_Diploma_Engineers,_Bangladesh" title="Institution of Diploma Engineers, Bangladesh">Institution of Diploma Engineer Bangladesh</a> (IDEB) Engineering as Professional Engineers, BSc in Engineering (Bachelor of Science in Engineering) at the undergraduate level or AMIE(Sec: A & Sec: B). Likewise, a master's degree is referred to as Master of Engineering (M.Engg.) and Master of Science in Engineering (MSc.Engg.). At the undergraduate level, the course takes four years, only except being in the case of Urban and Regional Planning discipline, where it usually takes five years. In postgraduate education, pursuing a master's degree in any engineering discipline usually takes one to one and a half years. Graduated engineers who are members of either <a href="/wiki/Institution_of_Engineers,_Bangladesh" title="Institution of Engineers, Bangladesh">Institution of Engineers, Bangladesh</a> (IEB) or <a href="/wiki/Institution_of_Textile_Engineers_and_Technologists" title="Institution of Textile Engineers and Technologists">Institution of Textile Engineers and Technologists</a> (ITET) are legally and formally allowed to use the title "Engr." before their names. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="India">India</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Engineer%27s_degree&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The engineering courses in India are regulated and set up under the aegis of the <a href="/wiki/University_Grants_Commission_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="University Grants Commission of India">University Grants Commission of India</a> (UGC), <a href="/wiki/All_India_Council_for_Technical_Education" title="All India Council for Technical Education">All India Council for Technical Education</a> (AICTE) and <a href="/wiki/National_Board_of_Accreditation" title="National Board of Accreditation">National Board of Accreditation</a> (NBA). </p><p>In India, engineering qualifications include the following: </p> <ul><li><b>Bachelor's degrees</b> (four years after Class 12 and three years after <a href="/wiki/Diploma_in_Engineering" title="Diploma in Engineering">Diploma in Engineering</a>): BE (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Engineering" title="Bachelor of Engineering">Bachelor of Engineering</a>), BTech (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Technology" title="Bachelor of Technology">Bachelor of Technology</a>) or AMIE. All courses are almost similar but differs with slight differences. Also the duration of both these courses is same i.e 4 years with 8 semesters i.e and each year has 2 semesters and both these courses implements the Theoretical Knowledge as well as Practical Knowledge to the students. Admission is usually through an engineering entrance examination as well as direct admissions are also made through management quota in some engineering colleges. Apart from that BCA and BSc IT/CS also get appointed to Software Engineer role in IT Industries.</li></ul> <ul><li><b>Master's degrees</b> (two or more years after BE and BTech): ME (<a href="/wiki/Master_of_Engineering" title="Master of Engineering">Master of Engineering</a>), MTech (<a href="/wiki/Master_of_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Master of Technology">Master of Technology</a>), MCA and MSc (Eng) (<a href="/wiki/Master_of_Science_in_Engineering" title="Master of Science in Engineering">Master of Science in Engineering</a>). Admission usually requires qualification in the <a href="/wiki/Graduate_Aptitude_Test_in_Engineering" title="Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering">Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering</a> or some work experience in an engineering field. The MTech and ME degrees are same and of two years' duration. MTech/ME usually has coursework in the first year and a project in the second year. The MSc (Eng) degree is usually research oriented and may requires two or more years to complete.</li> <li><b>Doctoral degrees</b> (three to five years): PhD (Doctor of Philosophy). Admission requirements vary across universities but usually include a master's degree in engineering or a bachelor's degree in engineering with an exceptionally good academic record.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indonesia">Indonesia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Engineer%27s_degree&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Indonesia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prior to 2014, Indonesia still uses the Dutch degree classification inherited from <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">colonial administration</a>. The term "engineer" (<a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a>: <i>insinyur</i> from <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>: <i>ingenieur</i>) was used as an academic title, for a bachelor degree in engineering who graduated from a university in the fields of agriculture, forestry, fisheries, and sometimes used in the field of applied science. However, after the academic title of Bachelor of Engineering (<i>Sarjana Teknik</i>) (S.T.) was conformed, the title of Engineer (Ir.) was no longer used by universities as an academic title but as a professional title stipulated in the Regulation of the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education_and_Culture_(Indonesia)" title="Ministry of Education and Culture (Indonesia)">Ministry of Education and Culture</a> Number 154 of 2014 concerning Graduate Degree in Science and Technology. </p><p>The status of Engineer (Ir.) was thus raised to a professional title similar to the professional titles of Medical Doctor (dr.), <a href="/wiki/Dentist" title="Dentist">Dentist</a> (drg.), <a href="/wiki/Midwife" title="Midwife">Midwife</a> (Bd.), <a href="/wiki/Nurse" class="mw-redirect" title="Nurse">Nurse</a> (Ns.), <a href="/wiki/Pharmacist" title="Pharmacist">Pharmacist</a> (Apt.), <a href="/wiki/Accountant" title="Accountant">Accountant</a> (Akt.), and <a href="/wiki/Psychologist" title="Psychologist">Psychologist</a> (Psi.). In other words, currently not all university graduates who hold an S.T. degree immediately have the right to be called engineers. </p><p>Names are traditionally prefixed with the <i>ir.</i> or <i>ing.</i> titles or <a href="/wiki/Suffix_(name)" title="Suffix (name)">suffixed</a> with the S.T. degree. Use of these titles is regulated and protected by Indonesian law.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pakistan">Pakistan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Engineer%27s_degree&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Pakistan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Pakistan, engineering qualifications include the following: </p> <ul><li><b>BE (Bachelor of Engineering)</b> or <b>BS/BSc Engineering (Bachelor of Science in Engineering)</b> - four years' duration or AMIE.</li> <li><b>ME (Master of Engineering)</b> or <b>MS/MSc Engineering (Master of Science in Engineering)</b> - 1.5 to 2 years' duration.</li> <li><b>PhD (Engineering)</b> - minimum three years' duration.</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Engineering_Council" title="Pakistan Engineering Council">Pakistan Engineering Council</a> (PEC) is the responsible government body for accreditation of undergraduate engineering degrees, registration of engineers and regulation of engineering profession. PEC is a full signatory of <a href="/wiki/Washington_Accord_(credentials)" title="Washington Accord (credentials)">Washington Accord</a><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and International Professional Engineer (IntPE) Agreement (IPEA).<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vietnam">Vietnam</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Engineer%27s_degree&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Vietnam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Engineer's Degree in <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> is awarded to students who complete a specialized engineering program at the university level. The duration of these programs can vary depending on the specific program and institution.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education_and_Training_(Vietnam)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Education and Training (Vietnam)">Ministry of Education and Training</a> (MOET) of Vietnam governs the naming and recognition of degrees.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although Vietnam is moving towards alignment with international standards, there might be some variations in <a href="/wiki/Nomenclature" title="Nomenclature">nomenclature</a>. The actual degree certificate may state "The Degree of Engineer" followed by the specific field of study.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of December 30, 2019, the Vietnamese National Qualifications Framework places the Engineer's degree, <a href="/wiki/Doctorate" title="Doctorate">Doctoral degree</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Architecture_Degree" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture Degree">Architecture degree</a> at Level 7, making them equivalent to a Master's degree within this framework.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, this does not necessarily mean that the Engineer's degree is recognized as equivalent to a <a href="/wiki/Master%27s_degree" title="Master's degree">Master's degree</a> in all other countries. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Engineer%27s_degree&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Master_of_Engineering" title="Master of Engineering">Master of Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_technology" title="Institute of technology">Institute of technology</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Engineer%27s_degree&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 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Law 4485/2017 ΦΕΚ Α 114 / Article 46"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Government%27s+Gazette.+Law+4485%2F2017+%CE%A6%CE%95%CE%9A+%CE%91+114+%2F+Article+46&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fme.aegean.gr%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fdocs%2F2017%2Ffek114.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEngineer%27s+degree" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0001854/DerdeBoek/TitelII/Artikel435/geldigheidsdatum_07-05-2013">"Artikel 435 lid 3 Wetboek van strafrecht"</a> (in Dutch)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbs.nl/nl-NL/menu/themas/onderwijs/publicaties/artikelen/archief/2010/2010-3078-wm.htm">"Vooral bij techniek, industrie en bouwkunde is de wo-studieduur veel langer"</a> (in Dutch)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boe.es/eli/es/rd/2008/11/08/1837,">"Real Decreto 1837/2008, de 8 de noviembre, por el que se incorporan al ordenamiento jurídico español la Directiva 2005/36/CE, del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo, de 7 de septiembre de 2005, y la Directiva 2006/100/CE, del Consejo, de 20 de noviembre de 2006, relativas al reconocimiento de cualificaciones profesionales, así como a determinados aspectos del ejercicio de la profesión de abogado."</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unifi.it/tree/dl/oc/a5.pdf">"National systems of engineering education, QA and accreditation"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180815/http://www.unifi.it/tree/dl/oc/a5.pdf">Archived</a> 2008-12-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, TREE – Teaching and Research in Engineering in Europe</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tmmob.org.tr/hukuk/yasal-cerceve/3458-sayili-muhendislik-ve-mimarlik-hakkinda-kanun">"3458 Sayılı Mühendislik ve Mimarlık Hakkında Kanun"</a>. 4 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=3458+Say%C4%B1l%C4%B1+M%C3%BChendislik+ve+Mimarl%C4%B1k+Hakk%C4%B1nda+Kanun&rft.date=2014-04-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tmmob.org.tr%2Fhukuk%2Fyasal-cerceve%2F3458-sayili-muhendislik-ve-mimarlik-hakkinda-kanun&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEngineer%27s+degree" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoseph_Thomas_Fowler1904" class="citation book cs1">Joseph Thomas Fowler (1904). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=F8pHAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA54"><i>Durham University: Earlier Foundations and Present Colleges</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Durham+University+Library&rft.atitle=Archives+and+Special+Collections%3A+Durham+University+Records%3A+Information&rft.pages=Degrees&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flibguides.durham.ac.uk%2Fc.php%3Fg%3D684731%26p%3D4896623&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEngineer%27s+degree" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xNpQAAAAYAAJ&dq=%22academic+rank+of+civil+engineer%22&pg=PA286">"Engineering and Architecture at Queen's College, Birmingham"</a>. <i>The Practical Mechanic's Journal</i>. <b>4</b>: 286. 1852.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Practical+Mechanic%27s+Journal&rft.atitle=Engineering+and+Architecture+at+Queen%27s+College%2C+Birmingham&rft.volume=4&rft.pages=286&rft.date=1852&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxNpQAAAAYAAJ%26dq%3D%2522academic%2Brank%2Bof%2Bcivil%2Bengineer%2522%26pg%3DPA286&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEngineer%27s+degree" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk/search/archives/658d1a69-4839-377d-bf0f-0147a4634474">"Queen's College and its predecessor institution, Birmingham School of Medicine, Records of"</a>. <i>Archives Hub</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Archives+Hub&rft.atitle=Queen%27s+College+and+its+predecessor+institution%2C+Birmingham+School+of+Medicine%2C+Records+of&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchiveshub.jisc.ac.uk%2Fsearch%2Farchives%2F658d1a69-4839-377d-bf0f-0147a4634474&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEngineer%27s+degree" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/38602">"Undang-undang (UU) No. 11 Tahun 2014 tentang Keinsinyuran"</a> (in Indonesian)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ieagreements.org/accords/washington/signatories/">"Signatories » International Engineering Alliance"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Signatories+%C2%BB+International+Engineering+Alliance&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ieagreements.org%2Faccords%2Fwashington%2Fsignatories%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEngineer%27s+degree" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ieagreements.org/agreements/ipea/members/">"Members » International Engineering Alliance"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Members+%C2%BB+International+Engineering+Alliance&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ieagreements.org%2Fagreements%2Fipea%2Fmembers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEngineer%27s+degree" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPHÓNG2024" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">PHÓNG, BÁO SÀI GÒN GIẢI (2024-04-19). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sggp.org.vn/tranh-cai-ve-bang-cu-nhan-va-bang-ky-su-post736022.html">"Tranh cãi về bằng cử nhân và bằng kỹ sư"</a>. <i>BÁO SÀI GÒN GIẢI PHÓNG</i> (in Vietnamese)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-10-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=B%C3%81O+S%C3%80I+G%C3%92N+GI%E1%BA%A2I+PH%C3%93NG&rft.atitle=Tranh+c%C3%A3i+v%E1%BB%81+b%E1%BA%B1ng+c%E1%BB%AD+nh%C3%A2n+v%C3%A0+b%E1%BA%B1ng+k%E1%BB%B9+s%C6%B0&rft.date=2024-04-19&rft.aulast=PH%C3%93NG&rft.aufirst=B%C3%81O+S%C3%80I+G%C3%92N+GI%E1%BA%A2I&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sggp.org.vn%2Ftranh-cai-ve-bang-cu-nhan-va-bang-ky-su-post736022.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEngineer%27s+degree" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFONLINE2024" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">ONLINE, TUOI TRE (2024-03-29). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tuoitre.vn/vi-sao-nhan-bang-cu-nhan-thay-vi-ky-su-20240329085550671.htm">"Vì sao nhận bằng cử nhân thay vì kỹ sư?"</a>. <i>TUOI TRE ONLINE</i> (in Vietnamese)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-10-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TUOI+TRE+ONLINE&rft.atitle=V%C3%AC+sao+nh%E1%BA%ADn+b%E1%BA%B1ng+c%E1%BB%AD+nh%C3%A2n+thay+v%C3%AC+k%E1%BB%B9+s%C6%B0%3F&rft.date=2024-03-29&rft.aulast=ONLINE&rft.aufirst=TUOI+TRE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftuoitre.vn%2Fvi-sao-nhan-bang-cu-nhan-thay-vi-ky-su-20240329085550671.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEngineer%27s+degree" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dichvucong.gov.vn/p/home/dvc-chi-tiet-thu-tuc-hanh-chinh.html?ma_thu_tuc=1.000915&id_bo_nganh=2">"Công nhận bằng cử nhân, bằng thạc sĩ, bằng tiến sĩ và văn bằng trình độ tương đương do cơ sở giáo dục nước ngoài cấp để sử dụng tại Việt Nam"</a>. <i>dichvucong.gov.vn</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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degrees"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Levels_of_academic_degree" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Levels of <a href="/wiki/Academic_degree" title="Academic degree">academic degree</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Undergraduate_degree" title="Undergraduate degree">Undergraduate</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Classification_of_Education" title="International Standard Classification of Education">ISCED</a> level 5</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Associate_degree" title="Associate degree">Associate degree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_degree" title="Foundation degree">Foundation degree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_National_Diploma" title="Higher National Diploma">Higher National Diploma</a> / <a href="/wiki/Diploma_of_Higher_Education" title="Diploma of Higher Education">Diploma of Higher Education</a> / <a href="/wiki/Certificate_of_Higher_Education" title="Certificate of Higher Education">Certificate of Higher Education</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Classification_of_Education" title="International Standard Classification of Education">ISCED</a> level 6</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degree" title="Bachelor's degree">Bachelor's degree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honours_degree" title="Honours degree">Honours degree</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Postgraduate_education" title="Postgraduate education">Postgraduate</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Classification_of_Education" title="International Standard Classification of Education">ISCED</a> level 7</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Master%27s_degree" title="Master's degree">Master's degree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postgraduate_diploma" title="Postgraduate diploma">Postgraduate diploma</a>/<a href="/wiki/Postgraduate_certificate" title="Postgraduate certificate">certificate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplom" title="Diplom">Diplom degree</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Engineer's degree</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Classification_of_Education" title="International Standard Classification of Education">ISCED</a> level 8</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doctorate" title="Doctorate">Doctorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candidate_of_Sciences" title="Candidate of Sciences">Candidate of Sciences</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Postdoctoral</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Higher_doctorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher doctorate">Higher doctorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Sciences" title="Doctor of Sciences">Doctor of Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habilitation" title="Habilitation">Habilitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Docent#Northern_Europe" title="Docent">Docent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academic_tenure" title="Academic tenure">Tenure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fellow" title="Fellow">Fellow</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">No dominant<br />classification</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_certificate" title="Academic certificate">Academic certificate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artist_diploma" title="Artist diploma">Artist diploma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/External_degree" title="External degree">External degree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurea" title="Laurea">Laurea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Licentiate_(degree)" title="Licentiate (degree)">Licentiate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magister_degree" title="Magister degree">Magister degree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microdegree" title="Microdegree">Microdegree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_degree" title="Professional degree">Professional degree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graduate_diploma" title="Graduate diploma">Graduate diploma</a>/<a href="/wiki/Graduate_certificate" title="Graduate certificate">certificate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_diploma" title="Higher diploma">Higher diploma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Specialist_degree" title="Specialist degree">Specialist degree</a>/<a href="/wiki/Education_in_Russia#Traditional_model" title="Education in Russia">diploma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terminal_degree" title="Terminal degree">Terminal degree</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unearned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Honorary_degree" title="Honorary degree">Honorary degree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ad_eundem_degree" title="Ad eundem degree"><i>Ad eundem</i> degree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts_(Oxford,_Cambridge,_and_Dublin)" title="Master of Arts (Oxford, Cambridge, and Dublin)">Master of Arts (Oxford, Cambridge, and Dublin)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: 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