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However there is growing evidence that the potential of interactive multimedia is not being ful lled. This paper argues that if we are to design effective interactive learning application then a user-centred approach to their design should be taken. This approach should be based on general human-computer interaction principles as well as educational theory. The paper starts with an overview of the learning process. Consideration is then given to how the key elements of interactive multimedia (multiple media, user control over the delivery of information, and interactivity ) can be used to enhance that process, with the emphasis being on promoting deep learning. The paper concludes by giving suggestions for future work.","publication_date":"2001,1,1","publication_name":"Innovations in education and teaching …","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"30262315"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Interactive multimedia and learning: Realizing the benefits","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [2822413]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":30262315,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Interactive multimedia and learning: Realizing the benefits”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/30262315/mini_magick20180817-17706-vle4i2.png?1534553118" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Interactive multimedia and learning: Realizing the benefits</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2822413" href="https://usm.academia.edu/PurushothmanMunusamy"><img alt="Profile image of Purushothman Munusamy" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/2822413/922771/1155125/s65_purushothman.munusamy.jpg" />Purushothman Munusamy</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2001, Innovations in education and teaching …</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">9 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 2212216; 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if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Many people argue that interactive multimedia has the potential to create high quality learning environments which actively engage the learner, thereby promoting deep learning. However there is growing evidence that the potential of interactive multimedia is not being ful lled. This paper argues that if we are to design effective interactive learning application then a user-centred approach to their design should be taken. This approach should be based on general human-computer interaction principles as well as educational theory. The paper starts with an overview of the learning process. Consideration is then given to how the key elements of interactive multimedia (multiple media, user control over the delivery of information, and interactivity ) can be used to enhance that process, with the emphasis being on promoting deep learning. 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However there is growing evidence that the potential of interactive multimedia is not being ful lled. This paper argues that if we are to design effective interactive learning application then a user-centred approach to their design should be taken. This approach should be based on general human-computer interaction principles as well as educational theory. The paper starts with an overview of the learning process. Consideration is then given to how the key elements of interactive multimedia (multiple media, user control over the delivery of information, and interactivity ) can be used to enhance that process, with the emphasis being on promoting deep learning. The paper concludes by giving suggestions for future work.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Interactive Multimedia and Learning: Realizing the Beneé ts","attachmentId":48660810,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/6936495/Interactive_Multimedia_and_Learning_Realizing_the_Bene%C3%A9_ts","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/6936495/Interactive_Multimedia_and_Learning_Realizing_the_Bene%C3%A9_ts"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="620399" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/620399/Interactive_multimedia_in_education_and_training">Interactive multimedia in education and training</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="54585" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SanjayaMishra">Sanjaya Mishra</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2005</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Interactive multimedia in education and training","attachmentId":3330379,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/620399/Interactive_multimedia_in_education_and_training","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/620399/Interactive_multimedia_in_education_and_training"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="2212218" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2212218/How_can_interactive_multimedia_facilitate_learning">How can interactive multimedia facilitate learning</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2822413" href="https://usm.academia.edu/PurushothmanMunusamy">Purushothman Munusamy</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Proceedings on Multimedia Interfaces, 1998</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Educational and edutainment multimedia CD-ROMs, covering a diversity of topics, are on the increase. New titles are appearing every week: each offering ever more 'rich content' and 'genuine excitement' through 'exhilarating journeys' that are 'highly interactive' and which are 'lavishly illustrated, bursting with information'. In reality, however, many CD-ROMs have been poorly constructed, paying lip service to supporting the learning process. We argue that, if educational multimedia is to live up to its expectations and have a genuine pedagogical value, then much more focus is needed on how to support learning activities through designing effective interactivity. Our approach analyses how learners integrate information arising from different representations, through considering how external and internal representations are used in concert. From our theoretical analysis, we have constructed a set of design concepts that are instantiated as questions, issues and trade-offs for the design of interactive multimedia. To illustrate our approach, we present a series of demonstration spaces, varying in interactivity for teaching eco-concepts.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"How can interactive multimedia facilitate learning","attachmentId":30262316,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2212218/How_can_interactive_multimedia_facilitate_learning","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/2212218/How_can_interactive_multimedia_facilitate_learning"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="28790356" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28790356/Learning_with_Interactive_Multimedia_A_Case_Study">Learning with Interactive Multimedia: A Case Study</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4892162" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ScottBernard">Bernard Scott</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The purpose of the paper is to present a case study reporting detailed investigations of how students experienced learning with interactive multimedia learning materials. The learning materials were designed following a principled approach to course design. As well as a study of how students learn, the case study is also an evaluation of those principles.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Learning with Interactive Multimedia: A Case Study","attachmentId":49208445,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/28790356/Learning_with_Interactive_Multimedia_A_Case_Study","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/28790356/Learning_with_Interactive_Multimedia_A_Case_Study"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="14532608" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14532608/Interactivity_in_multimedia_learning_An_integrated_model">Interactivity in multimedia learning: An integrated model</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="23747370" href="https://quinnipiac.academia.edu/RuthSchwartz">Ruth Schwartz</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Computers in Human Behavior, 2010</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">What does interactivity entail? What factors need to be taken into account in the design of interactive systems? Although interactivity is a widely used term accorded great prominence in discussions of multimedia learning, even a preliminary look at the literature suggests that how interactivity is defined, and what benefits it may offer, are not at all clear. The goal of this article is therefore to clarify the concept of interactivity. We present a unifying model that includes the user, the learning environment, and a system of connections and concepts that together make up interactivity. Such a model can help inform research, discussion, and design decisions on interactive multimedia instruction.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Interactivity in multimedia learning: An integrated model","attachmentId":44088075,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/14532608/Interactivity_in_multimedia_learning_An_integrated_model","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/14532608/Interactivity_in_multimedia_learning_An_integrated_model"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="77235624" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/77235624/Using_cognitive_principles_to_design_multimedia_training_environments_to_support_learning">Using cognitive principles to design multimedia training environments to support learning</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="57300419" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RichardCatrambone">Richard Catrambone</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">PsycEXTRA Dataset</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Our project focuses on developing multimedia systems to support human learning, based on cognitive principles and guidelines from cognitive science. The question is not so much whether multimedia makes a difference, but rather how can it best be deployed to make a difference? Specifically, what combinations of media and methods of interaction are most effective for learning, and why? Cognitive science has made significant advances in understanding human learning and training issues. Based on these advances, we can make strong hypotheses about how to construct effective interactive multimedia learning environments. We are using these hypotheses as the basis for a principled approach to the development of multimedia training systems and, in turn, further advance our understanding of learning and of media through careful assessment of the systems. In our initial investigations summarized here, our focus has been primarily on whether encouraging learners to interact in different ways with the system affects their learning, learning rate, and or transfer to new problems. l4 rfltlWSt53f^Mibgnitive science, learning, training 17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF REPORT:</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Using cognitive principles to design multimedia training environments to support learning","attachmentId":84733373,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/77235624/Using_cognitive_principles_to_design_multimedia_training_environments_to_support_learning","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/77235624/Using_cognitive_principles_to_design_multimedia_training_environments_to_support_learning"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="2705281" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2705281/The_effective_use_of_interactive_multimedia_in_education_Design_and_implementation_issues">The effective use of interactive multimedia in education: Design and implementation issues</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="37764" href="https://murdoch.academia.edu/JanHerrington">Jan Herrington</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">1996</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This paper examines the design of interactive multimedia from the perspective of situated learning and discusses the critical characteristics that are present in learning environments designed using this theory. The role of the teacher, and the importance of allowing for collaboration between teachers and learners, are also discussed.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The effective use of interactive multimedia in education: Design and implementation issues","attachmentId":30668851,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2705281/The_effective_use_of_interactive_multimedia_in_education_Design_and_implementation_issues","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/2705281/The_effective_use_of_interactive_multimedia_in_education_Design_and_implementation_issues"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="117544813" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/117544813/Multimedia_Learning_Identifying_Research_Directions">Multimedia Learning–Identifying Research Directions</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="227317439" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HannaS%C3%B6derback">Hanna Söderback</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2010</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">An infinite amount of information is within reach for anyone with access to the Internet. This appears to create a demand for efficient and accessible sources for learning. Multimedia Learning could potentially take part in meeting this demand. However, there are indications that technology is not fully taken advantage of for learning purposes (Greitzer 2002; Kahiigi, Ekenberg, Hansson, Tusubira and Danielson 2008). Hence, the problem at hand, motivating this paper, is that the demand for efficient and effective sources for learning is not necessarily met at its fullest potential. The conclusion is that research is needed in the areas of learner-learner interaction in multimedia, personalization through feedback, identification of stakeholders, minimalistic design of multimedia learning, flexibility and control in multimedia learning and cognitivity aspects in combination.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Multimedia Learning–Identifying Research Directions","attachmentId":113374001,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/117544813/Multimedia_Learning_Identifying_Research_Directions","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/117544813/Multimedia_Learning_Identifying_Research_Directions"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="50409876" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50409876/The_design_of_interactive_media_for_learners_in_an_organisational_setting_the_state_of_the_art">The design of interactive media for learners in an organisational setting–the state of the art</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4740577" href="https://kth.academia.edu/CeciliaKatzeff">Cecilia Katzeff</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This paper points to the problem of incorporating theoretical learning concepts into the design of interactive learning media. It reviews some theoretical accounts for the nature of learning, how the learning process may be facilitated by instructional design, and some approaches to the design of software incorporating ideas from instructional and user centred design. Finally, it points to some future directions in research of IT-supported learning.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The design of interactive media for learners in an organisational setting–the state of the art","attachmentId":68408983,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/50409876/The_design_of_interactive_media_for_learners_in_an_organisational_setting_the_state_of_the_art","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/50409876/The_design_of_interactive_media_for_learners_in_an_organisational_setting_the_state_of_the_art"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="1488448" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1488448/Towards_a_New_Generation_of_Multimedia_Learning_Research">Towards a New Generation of Multimedia Learning Research</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1379212" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HaidoSamaras">Haido Samaras</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2006</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Empirical research regarding the impact of multimedia on learning can be traced back several decades before the largescale invasion of multimedia learning resources (like CD-ROM titles and Internet applications) into the educational field and originated from areas outside the educational community. Although the results are not decisive, two generations of multimedia research have contributed to establishing factors that influence effective multimedia design. We summarize the conclusions of the existing research, specifying key theoretical issues, research directions, and weaknesses associated with each generation. Emerging factors, which have begun constituting a third generation of multimedia design and learning research are discussed. Suggestions are made regarding future trends of multimedia design and learning research.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Towards a New Generation of Multimedia Learning Research","attachmentId":11634983,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1488448/Towards_a_New_Generation_of_Multimedia_Learning_Research","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/1488448/Towards_a_New_Generation_of_Multimedia_Learning_Research"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":30262315,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":30262315,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_30262315" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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Kennedy</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="193272" href="https://cuhk.academia.edu/CarmelMcNaught">Carmel McNaught</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Australian Journal of Educational …, 1997</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Design elements for interactive multimedia","attachmentId":51136096,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1002341/Design_elements_for_interactive_multimedia","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/1002341/Design_elements_for_interactive_multimedia"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="27635222" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27635222/A_Taxonomy_of_Interaction_for_Instructional_Multimedia">A Taxonomy of Interaction for Instructional Multimedia</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1874598" href="https://usask.academia.edu/RichardSchwier">Richard Schwier</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">1992</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link 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