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Izvorni kod stranice Toplina – Wikipedija/Википедија
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You could also send an email to the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Stewards" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards">stewards</a> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/VRT" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/VRT">VRT</a> queue at <kbd>stewards@wikimedia.org</kbd> including all above details.</div></div><hr /> <p>Možete vidjeti i kopirati izvorni kod ove stranice. </p><textarea readonly="" accesskey="," id="wpTextbox1" cols="80" rows="25" style="" class="mw-editfont-monospace" lang="sh" dir="ltr" name="wpTextbox1">== Pojam topline i temperature == Ako stavimo ruku u posudu s vrućom vodom i držimo je nekoliko sekundi, a zatim je stavimo u posudu s toplom vodom, učinit će nam se kao da je ta [[voda]] hladna. Stavimo li ruku u hladnu vodu i držimo li je nekoliko sekundi, a onda je uronimo u onu toplu vodu, imat ćemo osjet kao da smo je stavili u vruću vodu. Odatle vidimo da [[Osjeti|čovječji osjet]] nije mjerodavan za prosuđivanje stanja nekoga [[Tijelo (fizika)|fizikalnog tijela]], to jest njegove temperature. Toplina i [[temperatura]] nisu jedno te isto. To najbolje možemo uočiti iz jednog primjera. U dvije po veličini različite prostorije ložimo [[peć]] iste veličine tako da trošimo istu količinu [[goriva]] na sat; vidjet ćemo da će temperature [[prostorija]] biti različite. Veća prostorija imat će manju temperaturu, a manja veću, iako je svaka prostorija, to jest [[zrak]] u prostoriji, primio istu količinu topline [[Gorenje|izgaranjem]] jednake količine goriva. Dva fizikalna tijela mogu imati istu količinu topline, a različitu temperaturu. Da bi veća prostorija imala istu temperaturu kao manja, morali bismo većoj dati veću količinu topline, to jest morali bismo potrošiti veću količinu goriva. Odatle vidimo da dva fizikalna tijela mogu imati istu temperaturu, ali različitu količinu topline. Međutim, što je toplina? Na to pitanje odgovara [[Kinetička teorija plinova|molekularno-kinetička teorija topline]]. [[Molekule]] u tijelima ne miruju, nego se nalaze u stalnom [[gibanje|gibanju]], čija [[brzina]] može biti veća ili manja. [[Bušenje]]m, [[Glodalica|glodanjem]], [[tokarenje]]m i [[rezanje]]m pomoću [[Alatni stroj|alatnih strojeva]], kao i kod svake [[Strojna obrada|obrade materijala]] [[alat]]om, stvara se toplina. Toplina nastaje na osnovu utrošenog [[Rad (fizika)|mehaničkog rada]], a i na račun [[kinetička energija|kinetičke energije]]. Udarom [[čekić]]a, koji ima kinetičku energiju, o [[Nakovanj (razdvojba)|nakovanj]] stvara se toplina. Tu se kinetička energija ne pretvara samo u toplinu nego i u [[Energija zvuka|energiju zvuka]] i u mehanički rad potreban za [[deformacija|deformaciju]] tijela. Pri [[Sraz|sudaru]] dvaju tijela prenosi se gibanje, to jest kinetička energija s jednog tijela na drugo. To ne vrijedi samo za velika tijela nego i za sitne čestice, to jest molekule. Kinetička energija čekića pretvara se u kinetičku energiju molekula, to jest u njihovo nevidljivo [[gibanje]]. Toplina je, dakle, kinetička energija molekularnog gibanja. Što tijelo više [[Grijanje|grijemo]], molekule se sve brže gibaju i imaju sve veću kinetičku energiju. Zbog toga se molekule međusobno udaljavaju, pa kruto tijelo taljenjem prelazi u tekuće [[Agregatna stanja|agregatno stanje]]. [[Tekućine|Tekuće tijelo]] zagrijavanjem prelazi u [[plin]]ovito agregatno stanje. Molekule vode daljim zagrijavanjem kod [[vrelište|vrelišta]] odlaze u zrak. [[Voda]] prelazi u [[vodena para|vodenu paru]]. [[Para]] ima toliku kinetičku energiju da tjera [[parni stroj]]. Koliki je stupanj toga molekularnog gibanja, kazuje temperatura. Temperatura je, dakle, stupanj toplinskog stanja tijela i o njoj ovisi agregatno stanje tijela. Onaj dio nauke o toplini koji se bavi toplinom kao jednim oblikom energije i proučava pretvaranje toplinske energije u mehaničku radnju zove se [[termodinamika]]. Budući da je to pretvaranje naročito važno kod plinova, to se termodinamika bavi u prvom redu toplinskim promjenama kod plinova. <ref> Velimir Kruz: "Tehnička fizika za tehničke škole", "Školska knjiga" Zagreb, 1969.</ref> </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"></div><p id="mw-returnto">Vratite se na stranicu „<a href="/wiki/Toplina" title="Toplina">Toplina</a>”.</p> <!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr">Izvor: <a dir="ltr" href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toplina">https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toplina</a></div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks catlinks-allhidden" data-mw="interface"></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <ul id="footer-info"> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Pravila o privatnosti</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:O_projektu">O projektu</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Op%C4%87e_odricanje_odgovornosti">Odricanje odgovornosti</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Kodeks ponašanja</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Programeri</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/sh.wikipedia.org">Statistika</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Izjava o kolačićima</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//sh.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Toplina&action=edit&section=1&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobilni prikaz</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-74cc59cb9d-s2prp","wgBackendResponseTime":186,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.013","walltime":"0.014","ppvisitednodes":{"value":17,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":697,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":0,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":2,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":0,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 0.000 1 -total"]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-74cc59cb9d-s2prp","timestamp":"20241128114952","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> </body> </html>