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<div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>International politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Controversies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " 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Available in 27 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%84%D8%A8_%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B4" title="ألب أرسلان توركش – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ألب أرسلان توركش" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alparslan_T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F" title="Alparslan Türkeş – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Alparslan Türkeş" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%BE_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%B4" title="آلپ ارسلان تورکش – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آلپ ارسلان تورکش" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alparslan_T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F" title="Alparslan Türkeş – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Alparslan Türkeş" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alparslan_T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F" title="Alparslan Türkeş – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Alparslan Türkeş" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BB%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%83%CE%BB%CE%AC%CE%BD_%CE%A4%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%AD%CF%82" title="Αλπαρσλάν Τουρκές – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αλπαρσλάν Τουρκές" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alparslan_T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F" title="Alparslan Türkeş – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alparslan Türkeş" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%BE%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%B4" title="آلپ‌ارسلان تورکش – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آلپ‌ارسلان تورکش" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alparslan_T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F" title="Alparslan Türkeş – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Alparslan Türkeş" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AC%D6%83%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BD%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D4%B9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D6%84%D5%A5%D5%B7" title="Ալփարսլան Թյուրքեշ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ալփարսլան Թյուրքեշ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alparslan_T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F" title="Alparslan Türkeş – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Alparslan Türkeş" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alparslan_T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F" title="Alparslan Türkeş – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Alparslan Türkeş" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%9F_%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%A9" title="אלפארסלן טירקש – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אלפארסלן טירקש" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A2%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%88" title="Алпарслан Түркеш – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Алпарслан Түркеш" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alparslan_T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F" title="Alparslan Türkeş – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Alparslan Türkeş" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B4" title="الب ارسلان توركش – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الب ارسلان توركش" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alparslan_T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F" title="Alparslan Türkeş – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Alparslan Türkeş" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alparslan_T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F" title="Alparslan Türkeş – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Alparslan Türkeş" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alparslan_T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F" title="Alparslan Türkeş – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Alparslan Türkeş" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%88,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Тюркеш, Алпарслан – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тюркеш, Алпарслан" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%DA%B5%D9%BE_%D8%A6%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%95%D8%B4" title="ئاڵپ ئەرسلان تورکەش – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئاڵپ ئەرسلان تورکەش" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alparslan_T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F" title="Alparslan Türkeş – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Alparslan Türkeş" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alparslan_T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F" title="Alparslan Türkeş – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Alparslan Türkeş" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A2%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%88" title="Алпарслан Тюркеш – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Алпарслан Тюркеш" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%BE_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%B4" title="الپ ارسلان تورکش – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="الپ ارسلان تورکش" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alparslan_T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F" title="Alparslan Türkeş – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Alparslan Türkeş" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%B8%95%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%C2%B7%E8%92%82%E7%88%BE%E5%87%B1%E4%BB%80" title="阿爾帕爾斯蘭·蒂爾凱什 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿爾帕爾斯蘭·蒂爾凱什" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q735688#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Alparslan_T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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.infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Alparslan Türkeş</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Young_Alparslan_T%C3%9CRKE%C5%9E.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Young_Alparslan_T%C3%9CRKE%C5%9E.jpg/220px-Young_Alparslan_T%C3%9CRKE%C5%9E.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="313" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Young_Alparslan_T%C3%9CRKE%C5%9E.jpg/330px-Young_Alparslan_T%C3%9CRKE%C5%9E.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Young_Alparslan_T%C3%9CRKE%C5%9E.jpg/440px-Young_Alparslan_T%C3%9CRKE%C5%9E.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="997" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Turkey" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey">Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />21 July 1977 – 5 January 1978</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_Demirel" title="Süleyman Demirel">Süleyman Demirel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Served with</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Necmettin_Erbakan" title="Necmettin Erbakan">Necmettin Erbakan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Orhan_Ey%C3%BCbo%C4%9Flu" class="mw-redirect" title="Orhan Eyüboğlu">Orhan Eyüboğlu</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Turhan_Feyzio%C4%9Flu" title="Turhan Feyzioğlu">Turhan Feyzioğlu</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />31 March 1975 – 21 June 1977</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Süleyman Demirel</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Served with</th><td class="infobox-data">Necmettin Erbakan<br />Turhan Feyzioğlu</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Zeyyat Baykara</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Orhan Eyüboğlu</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Leader of the <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Movement_Party" title="Nationalist Movement Party">Nationalist Movement Party</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />8 February 1969 – 4 April 1997</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Position established</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Devlet_Bah%C3%A7eli" title="Devlet Bahçeli">Devlet Bahçeli</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament#Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament">Member of the Grand National Assembly</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />10 October 1991 – 24 December 1995</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yozgat_(electoral_district)" title="Yozgat (electoral district)">Yozgat</a> (<a href="/wiki/1991_Turkish_general_election" title="1991 Turkish general election">1991</a>)</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />10 October 1965 – 12 September 1980</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ankara_(electoral_districts)" title="Ankara (electoral districts)">Ankara</a> (<a href="/wiki/1965_Turkish_general_election" title="1965 Turkish general election">1965</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Adana_(electoral_district)" title="Adana (electoral district)">Adana</a> (<a href="/wiki/1969_Turkish_general_election" title="1969 Turkish general election">1969</a>, <a href="/wiki/1973_Turkish_general_election" title="1973 Turkish general election">1973</a>, <a href="/wiki/1977_Turkish_general_election" title="1977 Turkish general election">1977</a>)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Hüseyin Feyzullah<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1917-11-25</span>)</span>25 November 1917<br /><a href="/wiki/Nicosia" title="Nicosia">Nicosia</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Cyprus_(1878%E2%80%931960)" class="mw-redirect" title="British Cyprus (1878–1960)">British Cyprus</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">4 April 1997<span style="display:none">(1997-04-04)</span> (aged 79)<br /><a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a>, Turkey</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Villagers_Nation_Party" title="Republican Villagers Nation Party">CKMP</a><br />(1965–1969)<br /><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Movement_Party" title="Nationalist Movement Party">MHP</a><br />(1969–1980), (1993-1997)<br /><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Task_Party" title="Nationalist Task Party">MÇP</a> (1987–1993)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Muzaffer Hanım</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1940; died 1974)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Seval Hanım</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1976)<wbr /></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">7, including <a href="/wiki/Tu%C4%9Frul_T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F" title="Tuğrul Türkeş">Tuğrul</a>, <a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Kutalm%C4%B1%C5%9F_T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F" class="extiw" title="tr:Ahmet Kutalmış Türkeş">Ahmet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ayy%C3%BCce_T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F_Ta%C5%9F" title="Ayyüce Türkeş Taş">Ayyüce</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kuleli_Military_High_School" title="Kuleli Military High School">Kuleli Military High School</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Military service</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Branch/service</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish Army">Turkish Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1933–1963</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Colonel" title="Colonel">Colonel</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Alparslan Türkeş</b><sup id="cite_ref-§_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-§-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Turkish pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="tr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Turkish" title="Help:IPA/Turkish">[alˈpaɾsɫan<span class="wrap"> </span>tyɾˈceʃ]</a></span>; 25 November 1917 – 4 April 1997) was a Turkish politician, who was the founder and president of the <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Movement_Party" title="Nationalist Movement Party">Nationalist Movement Party</a> (MHP) and the <a href="/wiki/Grey_Wolves_(organization)" title="Grey Wolves (organization)">Grey Wolves</a> <i>(Ülkü Ocakları)</i>. He ran the <a href="/wiki/Grey_Wolves_training_camps" title="Grey Wolves training camps">Grey Wolves training camps</a> from 1968 to 1978. More than 600 people are said to have fallen victim of <a href="/wiki/Assassination" title="Assassination">political murders</a> by the Grey Wolves between 1968 and 1980.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He represented the <a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics" title="Far-right politics">far-right</a> of the Turkish political spectrum. He was and still is called <i>Başbuğ</i> ("Leader") by his devotees.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alparslan_T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Türkeş was born in <a href="/wiki/Nicosia" title="Nicosia">Nicosia</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Cyprus_(1878%E2%80%931960)" class="mw-redirect" title="British Cyprus (1878–1960)">British Cyprus</a>, to a <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cypriot" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish Cypriot">Turkish Cypriot</a> family in 1917.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His birth name is disputed, some claiming that it is Hüseyin Feyzullah,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while MHP claims it is Ali Arslan.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His paternal great-grandfather had emigrated to Cyprus from <a href="/wiki/Kayseri" title="Kayseri">Kayseri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Anatolia_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Anatolia Region">Central Anatolia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>, in the 1860s.<sup id="cite_ref-Landau_2004_loc=190_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Landau_2004_loc=190-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His father, Ahmet Hamdi Bey, was from <a href="/wiki/Enkomi" title="Enkomi">Tuzla</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Famagusta" title="Famagusta">Famagusta</a>, and his mother, Fatma Zehra Hanım, was from <a href="/wiki/Larnaca" title="Larnaca">Larnaca</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in an interview with the scholar <a href="/wiki/Fatma_M%C3%BCge_G%C3%B6%C3%A7ek" title="Fatma Müge Göçek">Fatma Müge Göçek</a> the journalist <a href="/wiki/Hrant_Dink" title="Hrant Dink">Hrant Dink</a> claimed that Türkeş was of <a href="/wiki/Armenians" title="Armenians">Armenian</a> descent, an orphan originally from <a href="/wiki/Sivas" title="Sivas">Sivas</a> who was later adopted by a Muslim couple from Cyprus.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1932, with fifteen years of age, Türkeş emigrated to Istanbul, Turkey with his family.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was enrolled into the military lycée in <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a> in 1933 and completed his secondary education in 1936.<sup id="cite_ref-Landau_2004_loc=190_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Landau_2004_loc=190-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1938, he joined the army and his military career began. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Racism-Turanism_trials">Racism-Turanism trials</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alparslan_T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Racism-Turanism trials"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Along with other nationalists like <a href="/wiki/Nihal_Ats%C4%B1z" title="Nihal Atsız">Nihal Atsız</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nejdet_San%C3%A7ar" title="Nejdet Sançar">Nejdet Sançar</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Türkeş was <a href="/wiki/Court-martial" title="Court-martial">court-martialed</a> on charges of "fascist and racist activities" in 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He spent 10 months in prison before he was released the same year. The charges were eventually dismissed in 1947.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The trial would become known as the <a href="/wiki/Racism-Turanism_trials" title="Racism-Turanism trials">Racism-Turanism trials</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_career">Political career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alparslan_T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He attained fame as the spokesman of the <a href="/wiki/1960_Turkish_military_coup" class="mw-redirect" title="1960 Turkish military coup">27 May 1960 coup d'état</a> against the government of Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Adnan_Menderes" title="Adnan Menderes">Adnan Menderes</a>, who was later executed after the <a href="/wiki/Yass%C4%B1ada_trials" title="Yassıada trials">Yassiada trial.</a> He assumed a position as an undersecretary of the Prime Minister.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However Türkeş, together with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ond%C3%B6rtler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ondörtler (page does not exist)">13 other members of the junta</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ond%C3%B6rtler" class="extiw" title="tr:Ondörtler">tr</a>]</span>, declared their opposition to returning the power back to civilians and therefor were expelled by an internal coup within the junta (<a href="/wiki/National_Unity_Committee" title="National Unity Committee">National Unity Committee</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Türkeş was sent into exile to the Turkish embassy in <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He returned in February 1963<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and together with others of the fourteen, he later joined the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Villagers_Nation_Party" title="Republican Villagers Nation Party">Republican Villager Nation Party</a> (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">Cumhuriyetçi Köylü Millet Partisi</i>, CKMP).<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Türkeş was elected as its chairman on 1 August 1965.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1969 the CKMP was renamed the <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Movement_Party" title="Nationalist Movement Party">Nationalist Movement Party</a> (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">Milliyetçi Hareket Partisi</i>, MHP).<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As leader of the MHP he was also the de facto leader of the <a href="/wiki/Grey_Wolves_(organization)" title="Grey Wolves (organization)">Grey Wolves</a>. This far-right movement executed political murders, which began in 1968. More than 600 people are said to have fallen victim between 1968 and 1980.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Türkeş served as <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy Prime Minister">Deputy Prime Minister</a> in right-wing National Front (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">Milliyetçi Cephe</i>) cabinets in the 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the <a href="/wiki/1980_Turkish_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1980 Turkish coup d'état">Military coup of 1980</a>, he was imprisoned for more than four years and the Government demanded the death sentence for him as well as other Turkish nationalists. But in a turn of events he was released on the 9 April 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He rejoined the political arena within the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Milliyet%C3%A7i_%C3%87al%C4%B1%C5%9Fma_Partisi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Milliyetçi Çalışma Partisi (page does not exist)">Nationalist Workers Party</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milliyet%C3%A7i_%C3%87al%C4%B1%C5%9Fma_Partisi" class="extiw" title="tr:Milliyetçi Çalışma Partisi">tr</a>]</span> (MÇP) in 1987<sup id="cite_ref-:0_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was elected to parliament representing the province of <a href="/wiki/Yozgat_Province" title="Yozgat Province">Yozgat</a> on a ticket of the <a href="/wiki/Welfare_Party" title="Welfare Party">Welfare Party</a> (RP) in 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1992 the name Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) was relaunched in exchange of the name of the MÇP and the party logo of the three crescents was presented to the public.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_17-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ideology">Ideology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alparslan_T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Ideology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Through the far-right MHP, Türkeş took the rightist views of his predecessors like <a href="/wiki/Nihal_Ats%C4%B1z" title="Nihal Atsız">Nihal Atsız</a>, and transformed them into a powerful political force. In 1965, Türkeş released a political pamphlet titled <a href="/wiki/Nine_Lights_Doctrine" title="Nine Lights Doctrine">Nine Lights Doctrine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">9 Işık Doktrini</i>), which formed the basis of the nationalist ideology of the CKMP.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This text listed nine basic principles which were: <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">nationalism</a>; <a href="/wiki/Idealism" title="Idealism">idealism</a>; <a href="/wiki/Moralism" title="Moralism">moralism</a>; <a href="/wiki/Scientism" title="Scientism">scientism</a>; societalism; <a href="/wiki/Ruralism" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruralism">ruralism</a>; libertism and <a href="/wiki/Personalism" title="Personalism">personalism</a>; <a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">progressivism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Populism" title="Populism">populism</a>; <a href="/wiki/Industrialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrialism">industrialism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Technologism" class="mw-redirect" title="Technologism">technologism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Hans-Lukas_Kieser" title="Hans-Lukas Kieser">Hans-Lukas Kieser</a> notes that although Türkeş openly identified with pan-Turkism and sympathised with <a href="/wiki/National_Socialism" class="mw-redirect" title="National Socialism">National Socialism</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a>, he was still allowed to rise through the ranks of the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Land_Forces" title="Turkish Land Forces">Turkish Army</a> and was even allowed to move to the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> in order to pursue military education and cooperation within <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Türkeş led the vanguard of <a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">anti-communism</a> in Turkey; he was a founding member of the <a href="/wiki/Counter-Guerrilla" title="Counter-Guerrilla">Counter-Guerrilla</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Gladio" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish Gladio">Turkish Gladio</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He has been the spiritual leader of the Idealism Schools Foundation of Culture and Art (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">Ülkü Ocakları Kültür ve Sanat Vakfı</i>). His followers consider him to be one of the leading icons of the Turkish nationalist movement. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_politics">International politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alparslan_T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: International politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The wellbeing of the greater Turkish nation living in a so called <a href="/wiki/Turanism" title="Turanism">Turan</a>, which according to him included Turks wherever they lived, be it in <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> or elsewhere, was key concern of his political views.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 28 April 1978 he was received by <a href="/wiki/Franz_Josef_Strauss" title="Franz Josef Strauss">Franz Josef Strauss</a>, former minister for defense and finance in Germany and acting president of the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Social_Union_in_Bavaria" title="Christian Social Union in Bavaria">CSU</a> party.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1992, Alparslan Türkeş visited <a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a> to support <a href="/wiki/Abulfaz_Elchibey" title="Abulfaz Elchibey">Abulfaz Elchibey</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> presidential election. He also had a meeting with <a href="/wiki/Levon_Ter-Petrosyan" title="Levon Ter-Petrosyan">Levon Ter-Petrosyan</a>, the President of <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> in the 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alparslan_T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Türkeş was married twice and had seven children.<sup id="cite_ref-Independent_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Independent-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He married Muzaffer Hanım in 1940 and had four daughters (Ayzit, Umay, Selcen and Çağrı) and one son (<a href="/wiki/Tu%C4%9Frul_T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F" title="Tuğrul Türkeş">Tuğrul</a>) with her. Their marriage lasted until his wife's death in 1974. By 1976 Türkeş married Seval Hanım and had one daughter (Ayyüce) and one son (<a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Kutalm%C4%B1%C5%9F_T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F" class="extiw" title="tr:Ahmet Kutalmış Türkeş">Ahmet Kutalmış</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Sabah_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sabah-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Türkeş died of a heart attack at the age of 80 on 4 April 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-Independent_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Independent-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYT_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The announcement of his death was delayed for five hours while nationwide security measures were implemented; thereafter, thousands of his supporters went to the Bayindir Hospital chanting "Leaders never die".<sup id="cite_ref-Hurriyet_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hurriyet-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His funeral was held in <a href="/wiki/Kocatepe_Mosque" title="Kocatepe Mosque">Kocatepe Mosque</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hurriyet_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hurriyet-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Türkeş's youngest son, <a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Kutalm%C4%B1%C5%9F_T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F" class="extiw" title="tr:Ahmet Kutalmış Türkeş">Ahmet Kutalmış Türkeş</a>, is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)" title="Justice and Development Party (Turkey)">Justice and Development Party</a> and was elected as an <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a> deputy in 2011. However, he resigned several days before the <a href="/wiki/June_2015_Turkish_general_election" title="June 2015 Turkish general election">June 2015</a> elections, protesting the party's plans to transform the parliamentary system into a presidential one.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2015, Türkeş's eldest son, <a href="/wiki/Tu%C4%9Frul_T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F" title="Tuğrul Türkeş">Tuğrul Türkeş</a>, became the first person of <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cypriot" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish Cypriot">Turkish Cypriot</a> origin to be <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Turkey" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey">Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 2015, Türkeş made his first official visit to <a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As an independent parliamentarian, Türkeş has criticized the <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Movement_Party" title="Nationalist Movement Party">Nationalist Movement Party</a> (founded by his father) and the <a href="/wiki/Republican_People%27s_Party" title="Republican People's Party">Republican People's Party</a> for their unwillingness to compromise, which led to the <a href="/wiki/November_2015_Turkish_general_election" title="November 2015 Turkish general election">November 2015 elections</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alparslan_T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Park_of_Alparslan_T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Park_of_Alparslan_T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F.jpg/220px-Park_of_Alparslan_T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Park_of_Alparslan_T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F.jpg/330px-Park_of_Alparslan_T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Park_of_Alparslan_T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F.jpg/440px-Park_of_Alparslan_T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>The Alparslan Türkeş Park in <a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Türkeş was a key figure in shaping <a href="/wiki/Turkish_nationalism" title="Turkish nationalism">Turkish nationalism</a> and reviving <a href="/wiki/Pan-Turkism" title="Pan-Turkism">Pan-Turkism</a> from the 1940s onwards. Soon after his death in 1997, Turkish President <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_Demirel" title="Süleyman Demirel">Süleyman Demirel</a> stated that his passing had been a "great loss to the political life of Turkey". Similarly, Turkey's first female Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Tansu_%C3%87iller" title="Tansu Çiller">Tansu Çiller</a> described him as a "historic individual".<sup id="cite_ref-Hurriyet_39-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hurriyet-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversies">Controversies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alparslan_T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Controversies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When he died, it was revealed that he had embezzled 2 trillion lira from the European Turkish Federation. The pan-Turkist group had created a secret <a href="/wiki/Slush_fund" title="Slush fund">slush fund</a> to support the <a href="/wiki/Second_Chechen_War" title="Second Chechen War">Second Chechen War</a> and help <a href="/wiki/Abulfaz_Elchibey" title="Abulfaz Elchibey">Abulfaz Elchibey</a> succeed in Azerbaijan.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The money was formerly administered by <a href="/wiki/Enver_Altayl%C4%B1" title="Enver Altaylı">Enver Altaylı</a>, who had been part of the Azerbaijan coup plot. His daughters, Ayzıt and Umay Günay, quarreled over who was the rightful owner despite the fact that it was neither of them.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two appeared before the Ankara 7th High Penal Court for fraud. The indictment said that Türkeş' account in a U.K. branch of the <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bank" title="Deutsche Bank">Deutsche Bank</a> held 575,000 DM, US$845,000, and 367,000 GBP.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The court concluded that Ayzıt had withdrawn 200,000 GBP while Umay Günay had withdrawn 42,000 GBP.<sup id="cite_ref-davalik_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-davalik-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ayzıt said that she had been living in the UK since 1975, and that her father opened the account in 1988, giving her complete access to it. She said that her father had instructed her to fulfill his financial obligations in support of "the cause of Turkishness" upon his death by making certain payments.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Türkeş' second wife, Seval, refuted Ayzıt's claim that she had not kept the money to herself. Seval claims that she and her sons' Ayyüce and Ahmet Kutalmış share of the withdrawn 242,000 GBP is 112,355 GBP.<sup id="cite_ref-davalik_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-davalik-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The MHP's chairman, Devlet Bahçeli, instructed his deputies to keep mum, fearing that the scandal could lead to the dissolution of the party.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The case was closed due to the <a href="/wiki/Statute_of_limitations" title="Statute of limitations">statute of limitations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alparslan_T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li>Ülkücülük; Hamle Yayınevi; İstanbul, 1995.</li> <li>12 Eylül Adaleti (!) : Savunma; Hamle Yayınevi; İstanbul, 1994.</li> <li>1944 Milliyetçilik Olayı; Hamle Yayınevi;</li> <li>Türkeş'li Yıllar; Hasan Sami BOLAK</li> <li>Modern Türkiye; İstanbul.</li> <li>Milliyetçilik Olayları; Berikan Elektronik Basım Yayım.</li> <li>27 Mayıs ve Gerçekler; Berikan Elektronik Basım Yayım.</li> <li>27 Mayıs, 13 Kasım, 21 Mayıs ve Gerçekler; İstanbul, 1996.</li> <li>Ahlakçılık; Berikan Elektronik Basım Yayım.</li> <li>Etik (Ahlak Felsefesi), Etik.; Bunalımdan Çıkış Yolu; Kamer Yayınları.</li> <li>Türk Edebiyatında Anılar, İncelemeler, Tenkidler, Anı-Günce-Mektup; İstanbul, 1994.</li> <li>Bunalımdan Çıkış Yolu; Hamle Yayınevi; İstanbul, 1996.</li> <li>Dış Meselemiz; Berikan Elektronik Basım Yayım.</li> <li>İlimcilik; Berikan Elektronik Basım Yayım.</li> <li>Kahramanlık Ruhu; İstanbul, 1996.</li> <li>Temel Görüşler; Kamer Yayınları.</li> <li>Sistemler ve Öğretiler; İstanbul, 1994.</li> <li>Türkiye'nin Meseleleri; Hamle Yayınevi; İstanbul, 1996.</li> <li>Yeni Ufuklara Doğru; Kamer Yayınları.</li> <li>Sistemler ve Öğretiler; İstanbul, 1995</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alparslan_T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-§-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-§_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">His name was a <i><a href="/wiki/Nom_de_guerre" class="mw-redirect" title="Nom de guerre">nom de guerre</a></i> he took as an official name after 1934. His former name is a subject of debate. His official biography cites <i>Ali Arslan</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-bio_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while other sources claim <i>Hüseyin Feyzullah</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His close friends and old acquaintances called him <i>Albay</i> ("Colonel").<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alparslan_T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDe_Tapia2011" class="citation book cs1">De Tapia, Stephane (2011). <i>Die völkisch-religiöse Bewegung im Nationalsozialismus: eine Beziehungs- und Konfliktgeschichte</i>. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. p. 304. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783525369227" title="Special:BookSources/9783525369227"><bdi>9783525369227</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+v%C3%B6lkisch-religi%C3%B6se+Bewegung+im+Nationalsozialismus%3A+eine+Beziehungs-+und+Konfliktgeschichte&rft.place=G%C3%B6ttingen&rft.pages=304&rft.pub=Vandenhoeck+%26+Ruprecht&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9783525369227&rft.aulast=De+Tapia&rft.aufirst=Stephane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlparslan+T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bio-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bio_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090703163300/http://mhp.org.tr/basbug_hayati.php">"BAŞBUĞ Alparslan TÜRKEŞ"</a>. Milliyetçi Hareket Partisi. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mhp.org.tr/basbug_hayati.php">the original</a> on 3 July 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BA%C5%9EBU%C4%9E+Alparslan+T%C3%9CRKE%C5%9E&rft.pub=Milliyet%C3%A7i+Hareket+Partisi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mhp.org.tr%2Fbasbug_hayati.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlparslan+T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuradoğlu2003" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Muradoğlu, Abdullah (16 August 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080819224828/http://yenisafak.com.tr/diziler/turkes/index.html">"Türkeş'in Gizli Dünyası"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Yeni_%C5%9Eafak" title="Yeni Şafak">Yeni Şafak</a></i> (in Turkish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://yenisafak.com.tr/diziler/turkes/index.html">the original</a> on 19 August 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yeni+%C5%9Eafak&rft.atitle=T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F%27in+Gizli+D%C3%BCnyas%C4%B1&rft.date=2003-08-16&rft.aulast=Murado%C4%9Flu&rft.aufirst=Abdullah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fyenisafak.com.tr%2Fdiziler%2Fturkes%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlparslan+T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCevik1997" class="citation news cs1">Cevik, Ilnur (11 April 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120709084211/http://arama.hurriyet.com.tr/arsivnews.aspx?id=-503120">"Turkish Nationalists Lose Their Leader"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Daily_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish Daily News">Turkish Daily News</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCrriyet" title="Hürriyet">Hürriyet</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arama.hurriyet.com.tr/arsivnews.aspx?id=-503120">the original</a> on 9 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Turkish+Daily+News&rft.atitle=Turkish+Nationalists+Lose+Their+Leader&rft.date=1997-04-11&rft.aulast=Cevik&rft.aufirst=Ilnur&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farama.hurriyet.com.tr%2Farsivnews.aspx%3Fid%3D-503120&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlparslan+T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.verfassungsschutz.de/DE/themen/auslandsbezogener-extremismus/auslandsbezogener-extremismus_node.html">"Auslandsbezogener Extremismus"</a>. <i>BundesamtfuerVerfassungsschutz</i> (in German). 1 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BundesamtfuerVerfassungsschutz&rft.atitle=Auslandsbezogener+Extremismus&rft.date=2023-09-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.verfassungsschutz.de%2FDE%2Fthemen%2Fauslandsbezogener-extremismus%2Fauslandsbezogener-extremismus_node.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlparslan+T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haberler.com/basbug-alparslan-turkes-i-anma-etkinlikleri-haberi/">Başbuğ Alparslan Türkeş'i Anma Etkinlikleri</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Turkish)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZürcher2004" class="citation book cs1">Zürcher, Erik J. (2004). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/turkeymodernhist00zrch"><i>Turkey: A Modern History</i></a></span>. I.B.Tauris. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/turkeymodernhist00zrch/page/n418">404</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1860649580" title="Special:BookSources/1860649580"><bdi>1860649580</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Turkey%3A+A+Modern+History&rft.pages=404&rft.pub=I.B.Tauris&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1860649580&rft.aulast=Z%C3%BCrcher&rft.aufirst=Erik+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fturkeymodernhist00zrch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlparslan+T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBacik2010" class="citation book cs1">Bacik, Gokhan (2010). "The Nationalist Action Party: The Transformation of the Transnational Right in Turkey". In Durham, Martin (ed.). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newperspectiveso00durh"><i>New Perspectives on the Transnational Right</i></a></span>. Palgrave Macmillan. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newperspectiveso00durh/page/n124">110</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0230115521" title="Special:BookSources/978-0230115521"><bdi>978-0230115521</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Nationalist+Action+Party%3A+The+Transformation+of+the+Transnational+Right+in+Turkey&rft.btitle=New+Perspectives+on+the+Transnational+Right&rft.pages=110&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0230115521&rft.aulast=Bacik&rft.aufirst=Gokhan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnewperspectiveso00durh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlparslan+T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUzer2004" class="citation book cs1">Uzer, Umut (2004). <i>Identity and Turkish Foreign Policy: The Kemalist Influence in Cyprus and the Caucasus</i>. I.B.Tauris. p. 37. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0857719017" title="Special:BookSources/0857719017"><bdi>0857719017</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Identity+and+Turkish+Foreign+Policy%3A+The+Kemalist+Influence+in+Cyprus+and+the+Caucasus&rft.pages=37&rft.pub=I.B.Tauris&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0857719017&rft.aulast=Uzer&rft.aufirst=Umut&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlparslan+T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_Tapia2011" class="citation book cs1">De Tapia, Stephane (2011). <i>Die völkisch-religiöse Bewegung im Nationalsozialismus: eine Beziehungs- und Konfliktgeschichte</i>. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. p. 304. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783525369227" title="Special:BookSources/9783525369227"><bdi>9783525369227</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+v%C3%B6lkisch-religi%C3%B6se+Bewegung+im+Nationalsozialismus%3A+eine+Beziehungs-+und+Konfliktgeschichte&rft.place=G%C3%B6ttingen&rft.pages=304&rft.pub=Vandenhoeck+%26+Ruprecht&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9783525369227&rft.aulast=De+Tapia&rft.aufirst=Stephane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlparslan+T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mhp.org.tr/htmldocs/mhp/3/mhp/index.html">"Türk Dünyasının Bilge Lideri Türk Milliyetçiliğinin Kurucusu Başbuğ Alparslan TÜRKEŞ'in Hayatı"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=T%C3%BCrk+D%C3%BCnyas%C4%B1n%C4%B1n+Bilge+Lideri+T%C3%BCrk+Milliyet%C3%A7ili%C4%9Finin+Kurucusu+Ba%C5%9Fbu%C4%9F+Alparslan+T%C3%9CRKE%C5%9E%27in+Hayat%C4%B1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mhp.org.tr%2Fhtmldocs%2Fmhp%2F3%2Fmhp%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlparslan+T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Landau_2004_loc=190-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Landau_2004_loc=190_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Landau_2004_loc=190_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLandau2004" class="citation book cs1">Landau, Jacob M. (2004). <i>Exploring Ottoman and Turkish History</i>. C. Hurst & Co. p. 190. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1850657521" title="Special:BookSources/1850657521"><bdi>1850657521</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Exploring+Ottoman+and+Turkish+History&rft.pages=190&rft.pub=C.+Hurst+%26+Co&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1850657521&rft.aulast=Landau&rft.aufirst=Jacob+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlparslan+T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTekin2009" class="citation book cs1">Tekin, Arslan (2009). <i>Alparslan Türkeş ve Liderlik</i>. Bilgeoğuz. p. 71. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-6055965808" title="Special:BookSources/978-6055965808"><bdi>978-6055965808</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alparslan+T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F+ve+Liderlik&rft.pages=71&rft.pub=Bilgeo%C4%9Fuz&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-6055965808&rft.aulast=Tekin&rft.aufirst=Arslan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlparslan+T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Göçek, Fatma Müge. <i>The Denial of Violence: Ottoman Past, Turkish Present, and Collective Violence against the Armenians, 1789-2009</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015, p. 598, note 71.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLandau1974" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jacob_M._Landau" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacob M. Landau">Landau, Jacob M.</a> (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ErQfAAAAIAAJ&q=Fethi+Teveto%C4%9Flu+and+turkish+nationalism&pg=PA204"><i>Radical Politics in Modern Turkey</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Brill_publishers" class="mw-redirect" title="Brill publishers">Brill publishers</a>. p. 206. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-04016-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-04016-8"><bdi>978-90-04-04016-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Radical+Politics+in+Modern+Turkey&rft.pages=206&rft.pub=Brill+publishers&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=978-90-04-04016-8&rft.aulast=Landau&rft.aufirst=Jacob+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DErQfAAAAIAAJ%26q%3DFethi%2BTeveto%25C4%259Flu%2Band%2Bturkish%2Bnationalism%26pg%3DPA204&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlparslan+T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_17-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_17-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aa.com.tr/en/infographics/profile-turkish-nationalist-leader-commemorated-23-years-on/1791993">"PROFILE - Turkish nationalist leader commemorated 23 years on"</a>. <i>www.aa.com.tr</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.aa.com.tr&rft.atitle=PROFILE+-+Turkish+nationalist+leader+commemorated+23+years+on&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aa.com.tr%2Fen%2Finfographics%2Fprofile-turkish-nationalist-leader-commemorated-23-years-on%2F1791993&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlparslan+T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Özkırımlı, Umut and Spyros A. 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Social Sciences on Contemporary Turkey</i> (24). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4000%2Fejts.5517">10.4000/ejts.5517</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1773-0546">1773-0546</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Turkish+Studies.+Social+Sciences+on+Contemporary+Turkey&rft.atitle=The+Flagship+Institution+of+Cold+War+Turcology&rft.issue=24&rft.date=2017-11-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4000%2Fejts.5517&rft.issn=1773-0546&rft.aulast=Ayt%C3%BCrk&rft.aufirst=%C4%B0lker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.openedition.org%2Fejts%2F5517%3Flang%3Dde&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlparslan+T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKerslake2010" class="citation book cs1">Kerslake, Celia (25 February 2010). <i>Turkey's Engagement with Modernity: Conflict and Change in the Twentieth Century</i>. Palgrave MacMillan. p. 97. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780230277397" title="Special:BookSources/9780230277397"><bdi>9780230277397</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Turkey%27s+Engagement+with+Modernity%3A+Conflict+and+Change+in+the+Twentieth+Century&rft.pages=97&rft.pub=Palgrave+MacMillan&rft.date=2010-02-25&rft.isbn=9780230277397&rft.aulast=Kerslake&rft.aufirst=Celia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlparslan+T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Komisar" title="Lucy Komisar">Lucy Komisar</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1295/is_n4_v61/ai_19254727/pg_2">Turkey's terrorists: a CIA legacy lives on</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Progressive" title="The Progressive">The Progressive</a></i>, April 1997</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLandau1974" class="citation book cs1">Landau, Jacob M. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sabah&rft.atitle=MHP+hakk%C4%B1n%C4%B1+aramad%C4%B1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farsiv.sabah.com.tr%2F2001%2F02%2F13%2Fp05.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlparslan+T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYT_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/10/world/alpaslan-turkes-turkish-rightist-80.html">"Alpaslan Turkes, Turkish Rightist, 80"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. 10 April 1997<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Today%27s+Zaman&rft.atitle=AK+Party+deputy+resigns+in+protest+of+presidential+system+plans&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.todayszaman.com%2Fanasayfa_ak-party-deputy-resigns-in-protest-of-presidential-system-plans_382093.htmldate%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlparslan+T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged July 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/akp-deputy-resigns-over-divisive-presidential-system-concerns.aspx?pageID=238&nID=83184&NewsCatID=338">"AKP deputy resigns over 'divisive' presidential system concerns"</a>. <i>Hurriyet Daily News</i>. 29 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BRT&rft.atitle=T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F+visited+TRNC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brtk.net%2F%3Fenglish_posts%3Dturkes-visited-trncdate%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlparslan+T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged July 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailysabah.com/politics/2015/09/23/deputy-pm-turkes-mhp-becoming-single-man-party-with-bahceli">"Deputy PM Türkeş: MHP becoming single-man party with Bahçeli"</a>. <i>Daily Sabah</i>. 23 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Daily+Sabah&rft.atitle=Deputy+PM+T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F%3A+MHP+becoming+single-man+party+with+Bah%C3%A7eli&rft.date=2015-09-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailysabah.com%2Fpolitics%2F2015%2F09%2F23%2Fdeputy-pm-turkes-mhp-becoming-single-man-party-with-bahceli&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlparslan+T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120726104518/http://arama.hurriyet.com.tr/arsivnews.aspx?id=-522210">"MHP accuses Turkes daughters of embezzlement"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Daily_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish Daily News">Turkish Daily News</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCrriyet" title="Hürriyet">Hürriyet</a>. 13 February 2001. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arama.hurriyet.com.tr/arsivnews.aspx?id=-522210">the original</a> on 26 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 December</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Turkish+Daily+News&rft.atitle=MHP+accuses+Turkes+daughters+of+embezzlement&rft.date=2001-02-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farama.hurriyet.com.tr%2Farsivnews.aspx%3Fid%3D-522210&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlparslan+T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSevinc2001" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Sevinc, Şaban (12 February 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303191728/http://webarsiv.hurriyet.com.tr/2001/02/12/293305.asp">"Zimmete geçirdiler"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCrriyet" title="Hürriyet">Hürriyet</a></i> (in Turkish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarsiv.hurriyet.com.tr/2001/02/12/293305.asp">the original</a> on 3 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 December</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=H%C3%BCrriyet&rft.atitle=Zimmete+ge%C3%A7irdiler&rft.date=2001-02-12&rft.aulast=Sevinc&rft.aufirst=%C5%9Eaban&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwebarsiv.hurriyet.com.tr%2F2001%2F02%2F12%2F293305.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlparslan+T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.milliyet.com.tr/2001/06/22/guncel/gun11.html">"AYZIT TÜRKEŞ: Babam, 'Kızım kimse parayı bilmesin' dedi"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Milliyet" title="Milliyet">Milliyet</a></i>. 22 June 2001<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arsiv.sabah.com.tr/2007/04/22/haber,42CE45C5CD5F41168D24EAFB9034B689.html">the original</a> on 30 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 December</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sabah&rft.atitle=T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F%27in+%C3%A7ocuklar%C4%B1+miras+i%C3%A7in+daval%C4%B1k&rft.date=2007-04-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farsiv.sabah.com.tr%2F2007%2F04%2F22%2Fhaber%2C42CE45C5CD5F41168D24EAFB9034B689.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlparslan+T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050209182737/http://www.aksam.com.tr/arsiv/aksam/2001/06/22/guncel/guncel4.html">"Ayzıt Türkeş: Vicdanım rahat"</a>. Güncel. <i>Aksam</i> (in Turkish). 22 June 2001. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aksam.com.tr/arsiv/aksam/2001/06/22/guncel/guncel4.html">the original</a> on 9 February 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 December</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aksam&rft.atitle=Ayz%C4%B1t+T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F%3A+Vicdan%C4%B1m+rahat&rft.date=2001-06-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aksam.com.tr%2Farsiv%2Faksam%2F2001%2F06%2F22%2Fguncel%2Fguncel4.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlparslan+T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTahincioglu2001" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Tahincioglu, Gokcer (13 February 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.milliyet.com.tr/2001/02/13/siyaset/asiy.html">"Ayzıt'ın 'Hayır' işleri 'Türklük davası'ymış"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Milliyet" title="Milliyet">Milliyet</a></i> (in Turkish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 December</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Milliyet&rft.atitle=Ayz%C4%B1t%27%C4%B1n+%27Hay%C4%B1r%27+i%C5%9Fleri+%27T%C3%BCrkl%C3%BCk+davas%C4%B1%27ym%C4%B1%C5%9F&rft.date=2001-02-13&rft.aulast=Tahincioglu&rft.aufirst=Gokcer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.milliyet.com.tr%2F2001%2F02%2F13%2Fsiyaset%2Fasiy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlparslan+T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arsiv.sabah.com.tr/2007/04/22/haber,108440EA722242058A8DF20DA0020D87.html">"Zamanaşımına uğramıştı"</a>. <i>Sabah</i> (in Turkish). 22 April 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 December</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sabah&rft.atitle=Zamana%C5%9F%C4%B1m%C4%B1na+u%C4%9Fram%C4%B1%C5%9Ft%C4%B1&rft.date=2007-04-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farsiv.sabah.com.tr%2F2007%2F04%2F22%2Fhaber%2C108440EA722242058A8DF20DA0020D87.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlparslan+T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alparslan_T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation episode cs1"><a href="/wiki/Can_D%C3%BCndar" title="Can Dündar">Can Dündar</a> (15 April 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090315023901/http://www.candundar.com.tr/index.php?Did=4735">"Başbuğ Türkeş"</a>. <i>40 Dakika</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.candundar.com.tr/index.php?Did=4735">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(<a href="/wiki/Windows_Media_Video" title="Windows Media Video">WMV</a>)</span> on 15 March 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=40+Dakika&rft.date=1997-04-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.candundar.com.tr%2Findex.php%3FDid%3D4735&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlparslan+T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zeyyat_Baykara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zeyyat Baykara (page does not exist)">Zeyyat Baykara</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Deputy_Prime_Ministers_of_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Deputy Prime Ministers of Turkey">Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey</a> </b><br />1975–1977 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Orhan_Ey%C3%BCbo%C4%9Flu" class="mw-redirect" title="Orhan Eyüboğlu">Orhan Eyüboğlu</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Turan_G%C3%BCne%C5%9F" title="Turan Güneş">Turan Güneş</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Orhan_Ey%C3%BCbo%C4%9Flu" class="mw-redirect" title="Orhan Eyüboğlu">Orhan Eyüboğlu</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Turan_G%C3%BCne%C5%9F" title="Turan Güneş">Turan Güneş</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Deputy_Prime_Ministers_of_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Deputy Prime Ministers of Turkey">Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey</a> </b><br />1977–1978 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Orhan_Ey%C3%BCbo%C4%9Flu" class="mw-redirect" title="Orhan Eyüboğlu">Orhan Eyüboğlu</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Turhan_Feyzio%C4%9Flu" title="Turhan Feyzioğlu">Turhan Feyzioğlu</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Faruk_S%C3%BCkan" title="Faruk Sükan">Faruk Sükan</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ahmet_O%C4%9Fuz" title="Ahmet Oğuz">Ahmet Oğuz</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Republican_Villagers_Nation_Party" title="Republican Villagers Nation Party">Leader of the Republican Peasant's Nation Party (CKMP)</a> </b><br />1965–1969 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">renamed to MHP</div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">renamed from CKMP</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Movement_Party" title="Nationalist Movement Party">Leader of the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP)</a> </b><br />1969–1997 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Devlet_Bah%C3%A7eli" title="Devlet Bahçeli">Devlet Bahçeli</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Turkish_nationalism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Turkish_nationalism" title="Template:Turkish nationalism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Turkish_nationalism" title="Template talk:Turkish nationalism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Turkish_nationalism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Turkish nationalism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Turkish_nationalism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Turkish_nationalism" title="Turkish nationalism">Turkish nationalism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ideology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/16_Great_Turkic_Empires" title="16 Great Turkic Empires">16 Great Turkic Empires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk%27s_cult_of_personality" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's cult of personality">Atatürk personality cult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idealism_(Turkey)" title="Idealism (Turkey)">Idealism (Turkey)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamokemalism" title="Islamokemalism">Islamokemalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0ttihadism" title="İttihadism">İttihadism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemalism" title="Kemalism">Kemalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_Lights_Doctrine" title="Nine Lights Doctrine">Nine Lights Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Turkism" title="Pan-Turkism">Pan-Turkism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_and_discrimination_in_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Racism and discrimination in Turkey">Racism in Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Language_Theory" title="Sun Language Theory">Sun Language Theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Left" title="Turkish Left">Turkish Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taksim_(politics)" title="Taksim (politics)">Taksim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turanism" title="Turanism">Turanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cypriot_nationalism" title="Turkish Cypriot nationalism">Turkish Cypriot nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish-Islamic_synthesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish-Islamic synthesis">Turkish-Islamic synthesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkification" title="Turkification">Turkification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulusalc%C4%B1l%C4%B1k" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulusalcılık">Ulusalcılık</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/9_September_Front" title="9 September Front">9 September Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_for_Defence_of_National_Rights" title="Association for Defence of National Rights">Association for Defence of National Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alperen_Hearths" title="Alperen Hearths">Alperen Hearths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ats%C4%B1z_Youth" title="Atsız Youth">Atsız Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Gang_(organisation)" title="Black Gang (organisation)">Black Gang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-Guerrilla" title="Counter-Guerrilla">Counter-Guerrilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_state_in_Turkey" title="Deep state in Turkey">Deep State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey_Wolves_(organization)" title="Grey Wolves (organization)">Grey Wolves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuva-yi_Milliye" title="Kuva-yi Milliye">Kuva-yi Milliye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Hearths" title="Ottoman Hearths">Ottoman Hearths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_at_Home_Council" title="Peace at Home Council">Peace at Home Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Revenge_Brigade" title="Turkish Revenge Brigade">Turkish Revenge Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Hearths" title="Turkish Hearths">Turkish Hearths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Resistance_Organisation" title="Turkish Resistance Organisation">Turkish Resistance Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkists_of_Gebze" title="Turkists of Gebze">Turkists of Gebze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TurkHackTeam" title="TurkHackTeam">TurkHackTeam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Murad_Division" title="Sultan Murad Division">Sultan Murad Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_Union_of_Turkey" title="Youth Union of Turkey">Youth Union of Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_Unit" title="Wind Unit">Wind Unit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Political<br />parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Young_Turks" title="Young Turks">Young Turks</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Ottoman Empire)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Union_and_Progress" title="Committee of Union and Progress">Committee of Union and Progress</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Ottoman Empire)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_People%27s_Party" title="Republican People's Party">Republican People's Party</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1923–1944)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation_Party_(Turkey,_1948)" title="Nation Party (Turkey, 1948)">Nation Party (1948)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Villagers_Nation_Party" title="Republican Villagers Nation Party">Republican Villagers Nation Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation_Party_(Turkey,_1962)" title="Nation Party (Turkey, 1962)">Nation Party (1962)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Movement_Party" title="Nationalist Movement Party">Nationalist Movement Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation_Party_(Turkey,_1992)" title="Nation Party (Turkey, 1992)">Nation Party (1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Party_(Turkey)" title="Workers' Party (Turkey)">Workers' Party</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(left-wing)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Unity_Party" title="Great Unity Party">Great Unity Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bright_Turkey_Party" title="Bright Turkey Party">Bright Turkey Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Turkey_Party" title="Independent Turkey Party">Independent Turkey Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeland_Party_(Turkey)" title="Homeland Party (Turkey)">Homeland Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Ascent_Party" title="People's Ascent Party">People's Ascent Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_and_Conservative_Party" title="Nationalist and Conservative Party">Nationalist and Conservative Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rights_and_Equality_Party" title="Rights and Equality Party">Rights and Equality Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Party_(Turkey)" title="National Party (Turkey)">National Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotic_Party_(Turkey)" title="Patriotic Party (Turkey)">Patriotic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Party" title="Good Party">Good Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ziya_G%C3%B6kalp" title="Ziya Gökalp">Ziya Gökalp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talaat_Pasha" title="Talaat Pasha">Talaat Pasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enver_Pasha" title="Enver Pasha">Enver Pasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A2z%C4%B1m_Karabekir" title="Kâzım Karabekir">Kâzım Karabekir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Suavi" title="Ali Suavi">Ali Suavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96mer_Seyfettin" title="Ömer Seyfettin">Ömer Seyfettin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noman_%C3%87elebicihan" title="Noman Çelebicihan">Noman Çelebicihan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Emin_Yurdakul" title="Mehmet Emin Yurdakul">Mehmet Emin Yurdakul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_Ak%C3%A7ura" title="Yusuf Akçura">Yusuf Akçura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_bey_Huseynzade" title="Ali bey Huseynzade">Ali bey Huseynzade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmet_A%C4%9Fao%C4%9Flu" title="Ahmet Ağaoğlu">Ahmet Ağaoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeki_Velidi_Togan" title="Zeki Velidi Togan">Zeki Velidi Togan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C4%B1za_Nur" title="Rıza Nur">Rıza Nur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Eftim_I" title="Papa Eftim I">Papa Eftim I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nihal_Ats%C4%B1z" title="Nihal Atsız">Nihal Atsız</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nejdet_San%C3%A7ar" title="Nejdet Sançar">Nejdet Sançar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Mustafa Kemal Atatürk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peyami_Safa" title="Peyami Safa">Peyami Safa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmut_Esat_Bozkurt" title="Mahmut Esat Bozkurt">Mahmut Esat Bozkurt</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Alparslan Türkeş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abulfaz_Elchibey" title="Abulfaz Elchibey">Abulfaz Elchibey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhsin_Yaz%C4%B1c%C4%B1o%C4%9Flu" title="Muhsin Yazıcıoğlu">Muhsin Yazıcıoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nam%C4%B1k_Kemal" title="Namık Kemal">Namık Kemal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCn_Sazak" title="Gün Sazak">Gün Sazak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attil%C3%A2_%C4%B0lhan" title="Attilâ İlhan">Attilâ İlhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Do%C4%9Fu_Perin%C3%A7ek" title="Doğu Perinçek">Doğu Perinçek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6k%C3%A7e_F%C4%B1rat_%C3%87ulhao%C4%9Flu" title="Gökçe Fırat Çulhaoğlu">Gökçe Fırat Çulhaoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemal_Kerin%C3%A7siz" title="Kemal Kerinçsiz">Kemal Kerinçsiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meral_Ak%C5%9Fener" title="Meral Akşener">Meral Akşener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_Hala%C3%A7o%C4%9Flu" title="Yusuf Halaçoğlu">Yusuf Halaçoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cmit_%C3%96zda%C4%9F" title="Ümit Özdağ">Ümit Özdağ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinan_O%C4%9Fan" title="Sinan Oğan">Sinan Oğan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BClent_Ecevit" title="Bülent Ecevit">Bülent Ecevit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical<br />events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adana_massacre" title="Adana massacre">Adana massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamidian_massacres" title="Hamidian massacres">Hamidian massacres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_Ottoman_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1913 Ottoman coup d'état">1913 Ottoman coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_genocide" title="Greek genocide">Greek genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide" title="Armenian genocide">Armenian genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayfo" title="Sayfo">Assyrian genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deportations_of_Kurds_(1916%E2%80%931934)" title="Deportations of Kurds (1916–1934)">Deportations of Kurds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_War_of_Independence" title="Turkish War of Independence">Turkish War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elza_Niego_affair" title="Elza Niego affair">Elza Niego affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zilan_massacre" title="Zilan massacre">Zilan massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1934_Thrace_pogroms" title="1934 Thrace pogroms">1934 Thrace pogroms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dersim_massacre" title="Dersim massacre">Dersim massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism-Turanism_trials" title="Racism-Turanism trials">Racism-Turanism trials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istanbul_pogrom" title="Istanbul pogrom">Istanbul pogrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tillyria" title="Battle of Tillyria">Battle of Tillyria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Gang_(organisation)#History" title="Black Gang (organisation)">1957 arson attack at Tahtakale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sivas_massacre" title="Sivas massacre">Sivas massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_Greeks_from_Istanbul" title="Expulsion of Greeks from Istanbul">Expulsion of Greeks from Istanbul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus" title="Turkish invasion of Cyprus">Turkish invasion of Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beyaz%C4%B1t_massacre" title="Beyazıt massacre">Beyazıt massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_violence_in_Turkey_(1976%E2%80%931980)" title="Political violence in Turkey (1976–1980)">Political violence in Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mara%C5%9F_massacre" title="Maraş massacre">Maraş massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemal_T%C3%BCrkler" title="Kemal Türkler">Assassination of Kemal Türkler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_Azerbaijani_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="1995 Azerbaijani coup d'état attempt">1995 Azerbaijani coup d'état attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zirve_Publishing_House_murders" title="Zirve Publishing House murders">Zirve Publishing House murders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gezi_Park_protests" title="Gezi Park protests">Gezi Park protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Hrant_Dink" title="Assassination of Hrant Dink">Assassination of Hrant Dink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfortville_Armenian_Genocide_Memorial_bombings" title="Alfortville Armenian Genocide Memorial bombings">Alfortville Armenian Genocide Memorial bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istanbul_pogrom#2005_exhibition_assault" title="Istanbul pogrom">2005 Istanbul pogrom exhibition assault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Deniz_Poyraz" title="Murder of Deniz Poyraz">Murder of Deniz Poyraz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Policies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atat%C3%BCrk%27s_reforms" title="Atatürk's reforms">Atatürk's reforms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_History_Thesis" title="Turkish History Thesis">Turkish History Thesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_name_changes_in_Turkey" title="Place name changes in Turkey">Place name changes</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zt%C3%BCrk%C3%A7e" class="mw-redirect" title="Öztürkçe">Öztürkçe</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_language_reform" title="Turkish language reform">Language reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_name_changes_in_Turkey" title="Animal name changes in Turkey">Animal name changes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1934_Turkish_Resettlement_Law" title="1934 Turkish Resettlement Law">1934 Resettlement Law</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Varl%C4%B1k_Vergisi" title="Varlık Vergisi">Varlık Vergisi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Twenty_Classes" title="The Twenty Classes">The Twenty Classes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizen,_speak_Turkish!" title="Citizen, speak Turkish!">Citizen, speak Turkish!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confiscation_of_Armenian_properties_in_Turkey" title="Confiscation of Armenian properties in Turkey">Confiscation of Armenian property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surname_Law_(Turkey)" title="Surname Law (Turkey)">Surname Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denial_of_Kurds_by_Turkey" title="Denial of Kurds by Turkey">Denial of Kurds by Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Article_301_(Turkish_Penal_Code)" title="Article 301 (Turkish Penal Code)">Article 301</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/How_happy_is_the_one_who_says_I_am_a_Turk" title="How happy is the one who says I am a Turk">How happy is the one who says I am a Turk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereignty_unconditionally_belongs_to_the_Nation" title="Sovereignty unconditionally belongs to the Nation">Sovereignty unconditionally belongs to the Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide_denial" title="Armenian genocide denial">Armenian genocide denial</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehitler_%C3%B6lmez_vatan_b%C3%B6l%C3%BCnmez!" title="Şehitler ölmez vatan bölünmez!">Şehitler ölmez vatan bölünmez!</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Party_leaders_in_Turkey" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Party_Leaders_in_Turkey" title="Template:Party Leaders in Turkey"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Party_Leaders_in_Turkey" title="Template talk:Party Leaders in Turkey"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Party_Leaders_in_Turkey" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Party Leaders in Turkey"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Party_leaders_in_Turkey" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_party_leaders_in_Turkey" title="List of party leaders in Turkey">Party leaders in Turkey</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Before 1960</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Talaat_Pasha" title="Talaat Pasha">Talaat Pasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Mustafa Kemal Atatürk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A2z%C4%B1m_Karabekir" title="Kâzım Karabekir">Kâzım Karabekir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fethi_Okyar" title="Fethi Okyar">Fethi Okyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0smet_%C4%B0n%C3%B6n%C3%BC" title="İsmet İnönü">İsmet İnönü</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuri_Demira%C4%9F" title="Nuri Demirağ">Nuri Demirağ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cel%C3%A2l_Bayar" title="Celâl Bayar">Celâl Bayar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hikmet_Bayur" title="Hikmet Bayur">Hikmet Bayur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adnan_Menderes" title="Adnan Menderes">Adnan Menderes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osman_B%C3%B6l%C3%BCkba%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="Osman Bölükbaşı">Osman Bölükbaşı</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekrem_Hayri_%C3%9Cst%C3%BCnda%C4%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekrem Hayri Üstündağ (page does not exist)">Ekrem Hayri Üstündağ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fevzi_L%C3%BCtfi_Karaosmano%C4%9Flu" title="Fevzi Lütfi Karaosmanoğlu">Fevzi Lütfi Karaosmanoğlu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960–80</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ekrem_Alican" title="Ekrem Alican">Ekrem Alican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rag%C4%B1p_G%C3%BCm%C3%BC%C5%9Fpala" title="Ragıp Gümüşpala">Ragıp Gümüşpala</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmet_O%C4%9Fuz_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmet Oğuz (politician) (page does not exist)">Ahmet Oğuz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Ali_Aybar" title="Mehmet Ali Aybar">Mehmet Ali Aybar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_Demirel" title="Süleyman Demirel">Süleyman Demirel</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Alparslan Türkeş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turhan_Feyzio%C4%9Flu" title="Turhan Feyzioğlu">Turhan Feyzioğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%BCseyin_Balan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hüseyin Balan (page does not exist)">Hüseyin Balan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Timisi" title="Mustafa Timisi">Mustafa Timisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferruh_Bozbeyli" title="Ferruh Bozbeyli">Ferruh Bozbeyli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behice_Boran" title="Behice Boran">Behice Boran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necmettin_Erbakan" title="Necmettin Erbakan">Necmettin Erbakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BClent_Ecevit" title="Bülent Ecevit">Bülent Ecevit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemal_Sat%C4%B1r" title="Kemal Satır">Kemal Satır</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turgut_Sunalp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turgut Sunalp (page does not exist)">Turgut Sunalp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turgut_%C3%96zal" title="Turgut Özal">Turgut Özal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necdet_Calp" title="Necdet Calp">Necdet Calp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erdal_%C4%B0n%C3%B6n%C3%BC" title="Erdal İnönü">Erdal İnönü</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmet_Nusret_Tuna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmet Nusret Tuna (page does not exist)">Ahmet Nusret Tuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cezmi_Kartay" title="Cezmi Kartay">Cezmi Kartay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1r%C4%B1m_Avc%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yıldırım Avcı (page does not exist)">Yıldırım Avcı</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmet_Tekdal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmet Tekdal (page does not exist)">Ahmet Tekdal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCsamettin_Cindoruk" title="Hüsamettin Cindoruk">Hüsamettin Cindoruk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayd%C4%B1n_G%C3%BCven_G%C3%BCrkan" title="Aydın Güven Gürkan">Aydın Güven Gürkan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Clk%C3%BC_S%C3%B6ylemezo%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ülkü Söylemezoğlu (page does not exist)">Ülkü Söylemezoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rah%C5%9Fan_Ecevit" title="Rahşan Ecevit">Rahşan Ecevit</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Yazar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Yazar (page does not exist)">Mehmet Yazar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necdet_Karababa" title="Necdet Karababa">Necdet Karababa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1r%C4%B1m_Akbulut" title="Yıldırım Akbulut">Yıldırım Akbulut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesut_Y%C4%B1lmaz" title="Mesut Yılmaz">Mesut Yılmaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Do%C4%9Fu_Perin%C3%A7ek" title="Doğu Perinçek">Doğu Perinçek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tansu_%C3%87iller" title="Tansu Çiller">Tansu Çiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murat_Karayal%C3%A7%C4%B1n" title="Murat Karayalçın">Murat Karayalçın</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deniz_Baykal" title="Deniz Baykal">Deniz Baykal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hikmet_%C3%87etin" title="Hikmet Çetin">Hikmet Çetin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devlet_Bah%C3%A7eli" title="Devlet Bahçeli">Devlet Bahçeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recai_Kutan" title="Recai Kutan">Recai Kutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altan_%C3%96ymen" title="Altan Öymen">Altan Öymen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmet_T%C3%BCrk" title="Ahmet Türk">Ahmet Türk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0smail_Cem_%C4%B0pek%C3%A7i" class="mw-redirect" title="İsmail Cem İpekçi">İsmail Cem İpekçi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeki_Sezer" title="Zeki Sezer">Zeki Sezer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%C5%9Far_Nuri_%C3%96zt%C3%BCrk" title="Yaşar Nuri Öztürk">Yaşar Nuri Öztürk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masum_T%C3%BCrker" title="Masum Türker">Masum Türker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_Soylu" title="Süleyman Soylu">Süleyman Soylu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemal_K%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C3%A7daro%C4%9Flu" title="Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu">Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numan_Kurtulmu%C5%9F" title="Numan Kurtulmuş">Numan Kurtulmuş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selahattin_Demirta%C5%9F" title="Selahattin Demirtaş">Selahattin Demirtaş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmet_Davuto%C4%9Flu" title="Ahmet Davutoğlu">Ahmet Davutoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binali_Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1r%C4%B1m" title="Binali Yıldırım">Binali Yıldırım</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temel_Karamollao%C4%9Flu" title="Temel Karamollaoğlu">Temel Karamollaoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meral_Ak%C5%9Fener" title="Meral Akşener">Meral Akşener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatih_Erbakan" title="Fatih Erbakan">Fatih Erbakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Babacan" title="Ali Babacan">Ali Babacan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muharrem_%C4%B0nce" title="Muharrem İnce">Muharrem İnce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cmit_%C3%96zda%C4%9F" title="Ümit Özdağ">Ümit Özdağ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zg%C3%BCr_%C3%96zel" title="Özgür Özel">Özgür Özel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735688#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735688#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735688#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119457288">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n87928742">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p087469650">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007424866005171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/119457288">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/136530370">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/turkes-alparslan">İslâm Ansiklopedisi</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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