CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, shrink-to-fit=no, initial-scale=1.0"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <link rel="profile" href="https://gmpg.org/xfn/11"> <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' />  <script src="https://cdn-ukwest.onetrust.com/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js" type="text/javascript" charset="UTF-8" data-domain-script="01912c6d-179b-7ee3-9ae7-54b1769ed7e9" ></script> <script type="text/javascript"> function OptanonWrapper() { if (window.OptanonActiveGroups.indexOf('C0004') > -1) { // User has consented to category C0004, Targeting Cookies fbq('consent', 'grant'); gtag('consent', 'update', { 'ad_storage': 'granted', 'analytics_storage': 'granted' }); } } </script>  <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('consent', 'default', { 'ad_storage': 'denied', 'analytics_storage': 'denied' }); </script>  <title>Nelson Archives - OUP India</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://india.oup.com/section/oxford-international/nelson/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Nelson Archives" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Nelson   Ensure every child masters the core skills in English, maths and science   Nelson Primary is an integrated, whole school approach for teaching the core skills in English, maths and science from Starter Level to age 11. Each programme is simply structured with comprehensive lesson plans and clear skills progression, offering plenty of opportunities to develop, practice and consolidate learning. Built- in assessment and differentiation equip you to cater for all learners, whether they require additional guidance or extra challenge." /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://india.oup.com/section/oxford-international/nelson/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="OUP India" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"CollectionPage","@id":"https://india.oup.com/section/oxford-international/nelson/","url":"https://india.oup.com/section/oxford-international/nelson/","name":"Nelson Archives - OUP India","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://india.oup.com/#website"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://india.oup.com/section/oxford-international/nelson/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://india.oup.com/section/oxford-international/nelson/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://india.oup.com/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Oxford International","item":"https://india.oup.com/section/oxford-international/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Nelson"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://india.oup.com/#website","url":"https://india.oup.com/","name":"OUP India","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://india.oup.com/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}</script>  <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="OUP India » Nelson Category Feed" href="https://india.oup.com/section/oxford-international/nelson/feed/" /> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/india.oup.com\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.5.5"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); /* ]]> */ </script> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://india.oup.com/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.5.5' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> body{--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--font-family--inter: "Inter", sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--cardo: Cardo;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}body .is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}body .is-layout-flex > *{margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}body .is-layout-grid > *{margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} .wp-block-navigation a:where(:not(.wp-element-button)){color: inherit;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} .wp-block-pullquote{font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='woocommerce-layout-css' href='https://india.oup.com/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/css/woocommerce-layout.css?ver=9.4.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='woocommerce-smallscreen-css' href='https://india.oup.com/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/css/woocommerce-smallscreen.css?ver=9.4.2' type='text/css' media='only screen and (max-width: 768px)' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='woocommerce-general-css' href='https://india.oup.com/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/css/woocommerce.css?ver=9.4.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='woocommerce-inline-inline-css' type='text/css'> .woocommerce form .form-row .required { visibility: visible; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='style-css' href='https://india.oup.com/wp-content/themes/indiaoup/style.css?ver=6.5.5' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='bootstrap-min-css' href='https://india.oup.com/wp-content/themes/indiaoup/assets/css/bootstrap.min.css?ver=6.5.5' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='style-components-css' href='https://india.oup.com/wp-content/themes/indiaoup/assets/css/style-components.css?ver=6.5.5' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='owlcarousal-css' href='https://india.oup.com/wp-content/themes/indiaoup/assets/css/owl.carousel.css?ver=6.5.5' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='page-section-css' href='https://india.oup.com/wp-content/themes/indiaoup/assets/css/page-section.css?ver=6.5.5' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='application-form-css' href='https://india.oup.com/wp-content/themes/indiaoup/assets/css/generic-application-form.css?ver=6.5.5' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='jquery-ui-css' href='https://india.oup.com/wp-content/themes/indiaoup/assets/css/jquery-ui.css?ver=6.5.5' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='section-css' href='https://india.oup.com/wp-content/themes/indiaoup/assets/css/section.css?ver=6.5.5' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='pojo-a11y-css' href='https://india.oup.com/wp-content/plugins/pojo-accessibility/assets/css/style.min.css?ver=1.0.0' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://india.oup.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://india.oup.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://india.oup.com/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/js/jquery-blockui/jquery.blockUI.min.js?ver=2.7.0-wc.9.4.2" id="jquery-blockui-js" defer="defer" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://india.oup.com/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/js/js-cookie/js.cookie.min.js?ver=2.1.4-wc.9.4.2" id="js-cookie-js" defer="defer" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="woocommerce-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var woocommerce_params = {"ajax_url":"\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","wc_ajax_url":"\/?wc-ajax=%%endpoint%%"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://india.oup.com/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/js/frontend/woocommerce.min.js?ver=9.4.2" id="woocommerce-js" defer="defer" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://india.oup.com/wp-content/themes/indiaoup/assets/js/indiaoup.js?ver=6.5.5" id="indiaoup-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://india.oup.com/wp-content/themes/indiaoup/assets/js/bootstrap.min.js?ver=6.5.5" id="bootstrap-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="header-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var search_autocomplete = {"ajax_url":"https:\/\/india.oup.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"367cc54cd8"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://india.oup.com/wp-content/themes/indiaoup/assets/js/header.js?ver=6.5.5" id="header-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://india.oup.com/wp-content/themes/indiaoup/assets/js/footer.js?ver=6.5.5" id="footer-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://india.oup.com/wp-content/themes/indiaoup/assets/js/owl.carousel.js?ver=6.5.5" id="owlcarousal-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://india.oup.com/wp-content/themes/indiaoup/assets/js/hero-panel.js?ver=6.5.5" id="heropanel-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://india.oup.com/wp-content/themes/indiaoup/assets/js/jquery-ui.js?ver=6.5.5" id="jquery-ui-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="authcheck-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var my_ajax_object = {"ajax_url":"https:\/\/india.oup.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://india.oup.com/wp-content/themes/indiaoup/assets/js/check-authentication.js?ver=6.5.5" id="authcheck-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://india.oup.com/wp-content/themes/indiaoup/assets/js/sign-in.js?ver=6.5.5" id="signin-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://india.oup.com/wp-content/themes/indiaoup/assets/js/filter.js?ver=6.5.5" id="filter-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://india.oup.com/wp-content/themes/indiaoup/assets/js/myaccount_form_validation.js?ver=6.5.5" id="account_validation-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://india.oup.com/wp-content/themes/indiaoup/assets/js/account-details.js?ver=6.5.5" id="account_details-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://india.oup.com/wp-content/themes/indiaoup/assets/js/form_validation.js?ver=6.5.5" id="formvalidation-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://india.oup.com/wp-content/themes/indiaoup/assets/js/additional-registration-form.js?ver=6.5.5" id="additional_registration-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://india.oup.com/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" type="application/json" href="https://india.oup.com/wp-json/wp/v2/product_cat/15118" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://india.oup.com/xmlrpc.php?rsd" />  <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-PV4BF3B');</script>   <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-PV4BF3B" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>   <script> !function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s) {if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function(){n.callMethod? n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)}; if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n;n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='2.0'; n.queue=[];t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0; t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}(window, document,'script', 'https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js'); fbq('consent', 'revoke'); fbq('init', '1252744621580546'); fbq('track', 'PageView'); </script> <noscript><img height="1" width="1" style="display:none" src="https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=1252744621580546&ev=PageView&noscript=1"/> </noscript>  <noscript><style>.woocommerce-product-gallery{ opacity: 1 !important; }</style></noscript> <meta name="generator" content="Elementor 3.27.6; features: e_font_icon_svg, additional_custom_breakpoints, e_element_cache; settings: css_print_method-external, google_font-enabled, font_display-swap"> <style type="text/css"> #pojo-a11y-toolbar .pojo-a11y-toolbar-toggle a{ background-color: #4054b2; color: #ffffff;} #pojo-a11y-toolbar .pojo-a11y-toolbar-overlay, #pojo-a11y-toolbar .pojo-a11y-toolbar-overlay ul.pojo-a11y-toolbar-items.pojo-a11y-links{ border-color: #4054b2;} body.pojo-a11y-focusable a:focus{ outline-style: solid !important; outline-width: 1px !important; outline-color: #FF0000 !important;} #pojo-a11y-toolbar{ top: 100px !important;} #pojo-a11y-toolbar .pojo-a11y-toolbar-overlay{ background-color: #ffffff;} #pojo-a11y-toolbar .pojo-a11y-toolbar-overlay ul.pojo-a11y-toolbar-items li.pojo-a11y-toolbar-item a, #pojo-a11y-toolbar .pojo-a11y-toolbar-overlay p.pojo-a11y-toolbar-title{ color: #333333;} #pojo-a11y-toolbar .pojo-a11y-toolbar-overlay ul.pojo-a11y-toolbar-items li.pojo-a11y-toolbar-item a.active{ background-color: #4054b2; color: #ffffff;} @media (max-width: 767px) { #pojo-a11y-toolbar { top: 120px !important; } }</style> <style> .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+4):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload), .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+4):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) * { background-image: none !important; } @media screen and (max-height: 1024px) { .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+3):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload), .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+3):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) * { background-image: none !important; } } @media screen and (max-height: 640px) { .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+2):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload), .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+2):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) * { background-image: none !important; } } </style> <style id='wp-fonts-local' type='text/css'> @font-face{font-family:Inter;font-style:normal;font-weight:300 900;font-display:fallback;src:url('https://india.oup.com/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/fonts/Inter-VariableFont_slnt,wght.woff2') format('woff2');font-stretch:normal;} @font-face{font-family:Cardo;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:fallback;src:url('https://india.oup.com/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/fonts/cardo_normal_400.woff2') format('woff2');} </style> <link rel="icon" href="https://india.oup.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/favicon.png" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://india.oup.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/favicon.png" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://india.oup.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/favicon.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://india.oup.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/favicon.png" /> </head> <body class="theme-indiaoup woocommerce woocommerce-page woocommerce-no-js elementor-default elementor-kit-6"> <div class="container-fluid container-content"> <div id="head-component"> <div class="container-fluid header"> <div id="topLinksChange"> <div class="header-top-links"> <div><span><a class="header-top-links-item" href="/">Home</a></span> <span><a class="header-top-links-item" href="/about/">About Us</a></span> <span><a class="header-top-links-item" href="/contact/">Contact Us</a></span> <span><a class="header-top-links-item" href="https://careers.oup.com/">Careers</a></span> <span><a class="header-top-links-item" href="/news/">News</a></span> <span><a class="header-top-links-item" href="/queries/">Help & support</a></span> <span><a class="header-top-links-item" href="https://corp.oup.com/">OUP Worldwide</a></span> </div> </div> <div class="sign-in"> </div> </div> <div class="oup-logo-container">  <div class="oxford-logo-div"> <a href="/"><img class="oxford-logo" src="https://india.oup.com/wp-content/themes/indiaoup/OUP_logo.png" alt="oxford-logo"> </a> <div class="india-text">India</div> </div> </div> <div class="search-unit-container"> <div class="header-button-options-container"> <div class="col-xs-4 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-4 header-button-options menu-option"> <div class="header-button-div"> <img src="https://india.oup.com/wp-content/themes/indiaoup/assets/images/menu_icon.png" class="header-button-img" alt="menu-image"> <label class="header-button-label">Menu</label> </div> <div class="menu-button-gap"></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-4 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-4 header-button-options"> <div class="header-button-div search-button"> <img src="https://india.oup.com/wp-content/themes/indiaoup/assets/images/search_icon_menu.png" class="header-button-img" alt="menu-image"> <label class="header-button-label">Search</label> </div> <div class="search-button-gap" style="display: none;"></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-4 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-4 header-button-options account-option"> <a href="/signinregister"> <div class="header-button-div"> <img src="https://india.oup.com/wp-content/themes/indiaoup/assets/images/account_icon.png" class="header-button-img" alt="menu-image"> <label class="header-button-label">Account</label> </div> </a> </div> </div> <div class="search-open-container" style="display: none;"> <form action="/" id="mobile_form_submit" method="get">  <div class="search-open-input-container"> <input type="text" class="search-input search-open-input ui-autocomplete-input" id="searchboxmobile_input" name="s" value="" placeholder="Search" autocomplete="off"> </div> <button class="search-open-icon-container" onclick="javascript:callSearchResults('mobile_form_submit');"> <img src="https://india.oup.com/wp-content/themes/indiaoup/assets/images/search.png" onmouseover="this.src='https://india.oup.com/wp-content/themes/indiaoup/assets/images/search_hover.png'" onmouseout="this.src='https://india.oup.com/wp-content/themes/indiaoup/assets/images/search.png'" class="search-icon" alt="search-logo"> </button> </form> </div> <div class="search-desktop-container"> <form action="/" name="masthead_search" id="masthead_search" method="get"> <input type="text" class="search-desktop-input search-input ui-autocomplete-input" id="searchbox_input" name="s" value="" placeholder="Search" autocomplete="off"> <button class="search-desktop-icon-container" onclick="javascript:callSearchResults('masthead_search');"> <img src="https://india.oup.com/wp-content/themes/indiaoup/assets/images/search.png" onmouseover="this.src='https://india.oup.com/wp-content/themes/indiaoup/assets/images/search_hover.png'" onmouseout="this.src='https://india.oup.com/wp-content/themes/indiaoup/assets/images/search.png'" class="search-icon" alt="search-logo"> </button> <label class="adv-srch-text"><a href="/advanced_search">Advanced search</a></label> </form> </div> </div> </div>   <div class="clear-fix"></div> <div class="navigation-menu-container"> <ul class="navigation-menu-ul">   <li class="nav-menu"> <p class="nav-menu-heading"> <a href="/section/academic">Academic</a> </p> <div class="nav-menu-gap"></div> <div class="nav-menu-dropdown"> <div class="empty-gap"></div> <div class="dropdown col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12">  <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><b>Subjects</b></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/section/academic/arts/">Arts</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/section/academic/businessmanagement/">Business Management</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/section/academic/economics/">Economics</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/section/academic/general-reads/">General Reads</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/section/academic/history/">History</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/section/academic/ilpp-indian-languages-publishing-program/">ILPP (Indian Languages Publishing Program)</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/section/academic/law/">Law</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/section/academic/literature/">Literature</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/section/academic/medicine/">Medicine</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/section/academic/philosophy/">Philosophy</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/section/academic/philosophyreligion/">Philosophy Religion</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/section/academic/politics/">Politics</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/section/academic/psychology/">Psychology</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/section/academic/reference/">Reference</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/section/academic/science/">Science</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/section/academic/sociology/">Sociology</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/section/academic/acad-travel/">Travel</a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled view-all-series"> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><b>Series</b></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="/series/academic" class="dropdown-view-all">View all</a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled view-all-series"> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><b>Resources for</b></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/authors/academic/" class="dropdown-view-all">Authors</a></li> </ul> <div class="close-button"> <img src="https://india.oup.com/wp-content/themes/indiaoup/assets/images/close.png" alt="close button" /> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="nav-menu"> <p class="nav-menu-heading"> <a href="/section/dictionaries">Dictionaries</a> </p> <div class="nav-menu-gap"></div> <div class="nav-menu-dropdown"> <div class="empty-gap"></div> <div class="dropdown col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12">  <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><b>Subjects</b></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/section/dictionaries/bilingualdictionaries/">Bilingual Dictionaries</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/section/dictionaries/englishdictionaries/">English Dictionaries</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/section/dictionaries/subject-dictionaries/">Subject Dictionaries</a></li> </ul> <div class="close-button"> <img src="https://india.oup.com/wp-content/themes/indiaoup/assets/images/close.png" alt="close button" /> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="nav-menu"> <p class="nav-menu-heading"> <a href="/section/elt">English Language Teaching</a> </p> <div class="nav-menu-gap"></div> <div class="nav-menu-dropdown"> <div class="empty-gap"></div> <div class="dropdown col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12">  <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><b>Subjects</b></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/section/elt/appliedlinguistics/">Applied Linguistics</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/section/elt/businessenglishforspecificpurposes/">Business & English for Specific purposes</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/section/elt/coursesforadultlearners/">Courses for Adult Learners</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/section/elt/coursesforyounglearners/">Courses for Young Learners</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/section/elt/englishforacademicpurposes/">English for Academic Purposes</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/section/elt/examstesting/">Exams & Tests</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/section/elt/grammarvocabulary/">Grammar & Vocabulary</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/section/elt/professional-development/">Professional Development</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/section/elt/skillcourses/">Skill Courses</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/section/elt/elt-test-prep/">Test Prep</a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled view-all-series"> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><b>Series</b></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="/series/elt" class="dropdown-view-all">View all</a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled view-all-series"> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><b>Resources</b></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/authors/elt/" class="dropdown-view-all">Authors</a></li> </ul> <div class="close-button"> <img src="https://india.oup.com/wp-content/themes/indiaoup/assets/images/close.png" alt="close button" /> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="nav-menu"> <p class="nav-menu-heading"> <a href="/section/high-edu">Higher Education</a> </p> <div class="nav-menu-gap"></div> <div class="nav-menu-dropdown"> <div class="empty-gap"></div> <div class="dropdown col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12">  <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><b>Subjects</b></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/section/high-edu/bioscience/">Bioscience</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/section/high-edu/businessmanag/">Business Management</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/section/high-edu/chemistry/">Chemistry</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/section/high-edu/commerce/">Commerce</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/section/high-edu/he-economics/">Economics</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/section/high-edu/engineering/">Engineering</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/section/high-edu/english/">English</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/section/high-edu/geography/">Geography</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/section/high-edu/hospitality/">Hospitality</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/section/high-edu/mathematics/">Mathematics</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/section/high-edu/mediastudies/">Media Studies</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/section/high-edu/nursing/">Nursing</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/section/high-edu/he-science/">Science</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/section/high-edu/test-prep/">Test Prep</a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled view-all-series"> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><b>Online and Digital Products</b></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/he-ebooks" class="dropdown-view-all">eBooks</a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled view-all-series"> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><b>Programs</b></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/digital/resources/instructors-students/" class="dropdown-view-all">Instructors and Students</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="/contentlisting/?listingType=Subject&subjectSeriesCode=high-edu&listView=&page=1&numResultsPerPage=10&sortfield=new-old" class="dropdown-view-all">Librarian</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/authors/higheredu/" class="dropdown-view-all">Authors</a></li> </ul> <div class="close-button"> <img src="https://india.oup.com/wp-content/themes/indiaoup/assets/images/close.png" alt="close button" /> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="nav-menu"> <p class="nav-menu-heading"> <a href="/section/school-edu/">School Education</a> </p> <div class="nav-menu-gap"></div> <div class="nav-menu-dropdown"> <div class="empty-gap"></div> <div class="dropdown col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12">  <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><b>Subjects</b></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/section/school-edu/artandcraft/">Art and Crafts</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/section/school-edu/atlas/">Atlases</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/section/school-edu/se-computerscience/">Computer Science</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/section/school-edu/dictionary/">Dictionary</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/section/school-edu/englishlanguageteaching/">English Language Teaching</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/section/school-edu/generalknowledge/">General Knowledge</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/section/school-edu/hindi-language/">Hindi Language</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/section/school-edu/blended-integrated/">Integrated and Blended</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/section/school-edu/se-language/">Languages</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/section/school-edu/se-mathematics/">Mathematics</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/section/school-edu/preprimarypackage/">Pre-Primary Package</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/section/school-edu/se-science/">Science</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/section/school-edu/semesterbooks/">Semester Books</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/section/school-edu/se-socialscience/">Social Science</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/section/school-edu/termbooks/">Term books</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/section/school-edu/valueeducation/">Value Education</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/section/school-edu/wellness/">Wellness</a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled view-all-series"> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><b>Online and Digital Solutions</b></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/oe/" class="dropdown-view-all">Oxford Educate</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/oxfordadvantage/" class="dropdown-view-all">Oxford Advantage</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/oxford_inspire/" class="dropdown-view-all">Oxford Inspire</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/reading-portal/" class="dropdown-view-all">Reading Portal</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/campaign/oxfordreadingbuddy/" class="dropdown-view-all">Oxford Reading Buddy</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="http://www.onlineteachertraining.in/" class="dropdown-view-all">Online Teacher Training</a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled view-all-series"> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><b>Series</b></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="/series/school-edu/" class="dropdown-view-all">View All</a></li> </ul> <ul class="list-unstyled view-all-series"> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><b>Programs</b></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/oxford-quality/" class="dropdown-view-all">Oxford Quality</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="/campaign/oxford-impact-india/" class="dropdown-view-all">Impact Studies</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="/oxfordbigread/" class="dropdown-view-all">Oxford Big Read Contest</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="/digital/teachers-students/" class="dropdown-view-all">Resources for Teachers and Students</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="/campaign/schoolteachers/" class="dropdown-view-all">Online Resources for Teachers</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="/professional-development-hub" class="dropdown-view-all">Resource videos</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="/campaign/Author-Speak" class="dropdown-view-all">Author videos</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="/authors/schooledu/" class="dropdown-view-all">Authors contact</a></li> </ul> <div class="close-button"> <img src="https://india.oup.com/wp-content/themes/indiaoup/assets/images/close.png" alt="close button" /> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="nav-menu"> <p class="nav-menu-heading"> <a href="/section/oxford-international/">Oxford International</a> </p> <div class="nav-menu-gap"></div> <div class="nav-menu-dropdown"> <div class="empty-gap"></div> <div class="dropdown col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12">  <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><b>Subjects</b></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/section/oxford-international/cambridge-international/">Cambridge International Education</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/section/oxford-international/children-books/">Children鈥檚 Books</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/section/oxford-international/international-baccalaureate/">International Baccalaureate</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/section/oxford-international/ox-int-dict/">International Dictionaries</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/section/oxford-international/nelson/">Nelson</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/section/oxford-international/oxford-aqa/">Oxford AQA</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/section/oxford-international/oxford-international-curriculum/">Oxford International Curriculum</a></li> <li class="dropdown-list-item"><a href="https://india.oup.com/section/oxford-international/oir/">Oxford International Resources</a></li> </ul> <div class="close-button"> <img src="https://india.oup.com/wp-content/themes/indiaoup/assets/images/close.png" alt="close button" /> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul></div> </div> <div id="breadcrumb-component">  <style> #breadcrumbs{ list-style:none; overflow:hidden; } #breadcrumbs strong { font-weight: 500; } #breadcrumbs li{ display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin-right:4px; margin-bottom: 8px; } #breadcrumbs .separator{ font-size:18px; font-weight:100; color:#ccc; } nav.woocommerce-breadcrumb a, nav.woocommerce-breadcrumb { font-size:12px !important; } </style> <div class="breadcrumb-div" id=" "> <span class="breadCrumb-label-title breadcrumb-li">You are here:</span>  <ul> <li class="breadcrumb-li"><span><ul id="breadcrumbs" class="breadcrumbs"><li class="item-home"><a class="bread-link bread-home" href="https://india.oup.com" title="Home">Home</a></li><li class="separator separator-home"> > </li><li class="item-cat item-parent-category-Oxford International"><a class="bread-cat bread-parent-category-Oxford International" href="https://india.oup.com/section/oxford-international/" title="Oxford International">Oxford International</a></li><li class="separator"> > </li><li class="item-current item-Nelson"><strong class="bread-current bread-Nelson" title="Nelson">Nelson</strong></li></ul></span></li> </ul>  </div> </div>  <div class="main-content" id="general_content" style="margin-top: 0px;">    <div id="banner-component">  <center><img fetchpriority="high" width="894" height="130" src="https://india.oup.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/nelson-Banner.jpg" class="attachment-detail size-detail" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://india.oup.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/nelson-Banner.jpg 894w, https://india.oup.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/nelson-Banner-300x44.jpg 300w, https://india.oup.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/nelson-Banner-768x112.jpg 768w, https://india.oup.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/nelson-Banner-600x87.jpg 600w" sizes="(max-width: 894px) 100vw, 894px" /></center>  </div>  <div class="left-content" id="left-content"> <div class="overview">Nelson</div> <ul class="left-list"> <li><a href="/contentlisting?subjectSeriesCode=nelson-ls&listingType=Subject">Lower Secondary</a></li> <li><a href="/contentlisting?subjectSeriesCode=nelson-primary&listingType=Subject">Primary</a></li> </ul> </div>   <div class="middle-content"> <div class="heading-label"> <h1 class="general-main-heading"></h1> <div class="heading-label-content product-category-desc"> <span> <p><h1 style="text-align: justify">Nelson</h1> <p> </p> <h3 style="text-align: justify">Ensure every child masters the core skills in English, maths and science</h3> <p> </p> <p style="text-align: justify">Nelson Primary is an integrated, whole school approach for teaching the core skills in English, maths and science from Starter Level to age 11.</p> <p style="text-align: justify">Each programme is simply structured with comprehensive lesson plans and clear skills progression, offering plenty of opportunities to develop, practice and consolidate learning. Built- in assessment and differentiation equip you to cater for all learners, whether they require additional guidance or extra challenge.</p></p></span> </div> </div>  <div class="link-block"> <a href="/contentlisting?subjectSeriesCode=nelson&listingType=Subject"><span>Show all products</span> <img src="/wp-content/themes/indiaoup/assets/images/arrow_blue.png" alt="blue arrow" class="show-resources-arrow"> </a> </div>   </div>   <div class="right-content" id="right-content"> </div>     </div>    <div id="foot-component"> <footer id="footer-container"> <div class="footer-sections"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-2 col-md-2 col-lg-2 footer-table-cell"> <ul class="footer-sections-ul"><li><a href="/about/">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="/contact/">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://careers.oup.com/">Careers</a></li> <li><a href="/news/">News</a></li> <li><a href="/Rightsandpermission">Rights & Permissions</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-2 col-md-2 col-lg-2 footer-table-cell"> <ul class="footer-sections-ul"><li><span><strong>Gateways</strong></span></li> <li><a href="https://www.oup.com">OUP Worldwide</a></li> <li><a href="https://elt.oup.com/?cc=global&selLanguage=en">Oxford English Language Teaching Global</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/">Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-2 col-md-2 col-lg-2 footer-table-cell"> <ul class="footer-sections-ul"><li><span><strong>Categories</strong></span></li> <li><a href="/section/academic">Academic</a></li> <li><a href="/section/dictionaries">Dictionaries</a></li> <li><a href="/section/elt">English Language Teaching</a></li> <li><a href="/section/high-edu">Higher Education</a></li> <li><a href="/section/school-edu">School Education</a></li> <li><a href="/section/oxford-international/">Oxford International</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-2 col-md-2 col-lg-2 footer-table-cell"> <ul class="footer-sections-ul"><li><span><strong>Resources</strong></span></li> <li><a href="/oxfordadvantage/">Oxford Advantage</a></li> <li><a href="/oxford_inspire/">Oxford Inspire</a></li> <li><a href="/reading-portal/">Reading Portal</a></li> <li><a href="/campaign/oxfordreadingbuddy/">Oxford Reading Buddy</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.onlineteachertraining.in/">Online Teacher Training</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-2 col-md-2 col-lg-2 customer-service-footer footer-table-cell"> <ul class="footer-sections-ul"><li><span><strong>Customer Services</strong></span></li> <li><a href="/queries">Help & Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSchLt0Qy8aDRmjTayYGNqEoe_1nvPek_N-w1XYbv0GW1kRydg/viewform?usp=sf_link">Join our Email List</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-2 col-md-2 col-lg-2 footer-last-section footer-table-cell"> <div class="oxford-footer-detail"> <span>Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide</span> </div> <div class="oxford-icon-footer-div"> <img src="https://india.oup.com/wp-content/themes/indiaoup/assets/images/footer_logo.jpg" alt="oxford footer icon" class="oxford-icon-footer"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="section-footer-div"> <ul class="footer-sections-ul"><div class="section-footer footer_accordion_heading" style="float: left;"><a href="/section/academic/">Academic<img src="https://india.oup.com/wp-content/themes/indiaoup/assets/images/arrow-white.png" class="blue_arrow" alt="blue arrow"></a></div><div class="section-footer footer_accordion_heading" style="float: left;"><a href="/section/dictionaries/">Dictionaries<img src="https://india.oup.com/wp-content/themes/indiaoup/assets/images/arrow-white.png" class="blue_arrow" alt="blue arrow"></a></div><div class="section-footer footer_accordion_heading" style="float: left;"><a href="/section/elt/">English Language Teaching<img src="https://india.oup.com/wp-content/themes/indiaoup/assets/images/arrow-white.png" class="blue_arrow" alt="blue arrow"></a></div><div class="section-footer footer_accordion_heading" style="float: left;"><a href="/section/high-edu/">Higher Education<img src="https://india.oup.com/wp-content/themes/indiaoup/assets/images/arrow-white.png" class="blue_arrow" alt="blue arrow"></a></div><div class="section-footer footer_accordion_heading" style="float: left;"><a href="/section/school-edu/">School Education<img src="https://india.oup.com/wp-content/themes/indiaoup/assets/images/arrow-white.png" class="blue_arrow" alt="blue arrow"></a></div><div class="section-footer footer_accordion_heading" style="float: left;"><a href="/section/oxford-international/">Oxford International<img src="https://india.oup.com/wp-content/themes/indiaoup/assets/images/arrow-white.png" class="blue_arrow" alt="blue arrow"></a></div></ul> <div class="section-footer section-footer-home" style="float: left;"> <a href="/"><img src="https://india.oup.com/wp-content/themes/indiaoup/assets/images/home-icon.png" class="home-icon" alt="home icon"> Home<img src="https://india.oup.com/wp-content/themes/indiaoup/assets/images/arrow-frwd.png" alt="forward arrow"></a> </div> </div> <div class="footer-bottom-container"> <div class="footer-end-text"> <span>The specification in this catalogue, including limitation price, format, extent, number of illustrations and month of publication, was as accurate as possible at the time the catalogue was compiled. Occasionally, due to the nature of some contractual restrictions, we are unable to ship specific products to a particular territory. Jacket images are provisional and liable to change before publication.</span> </div>  <div class="links-copyright"> <div class="footer-links"> <ul class="footer-links-ul"> <li class="footer-links-li"><a href="https://global.oup.com/privacy">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li class="footer-links-li-seperator"><span class="foot-seperator">|</span></li> <li class="footer-links-li"><a href="/Legal-policy">Legal Notice</a></li> <li class="footer-links-li-seperator"><span class="foot-seperator">|</span></li> <li class="footer-links-li"><a href="https://global.oup.com/cookiepolicy">Cookie Policy</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="footer-copywrite"> <label class="copyright"> <span>Copyright 漏 Oxford University Press 2024 All Rights Reserved.</span> </label> </div> </div>  </div> </footer> </div> </div> <div class="menu-outer-mob-tab" style="display: none;"> <div class="menu-left-container"><div id="menuBottomLinks"> <a href="/signinregister" class="menu-link"><div class="menu-item"> <div class="menu-text">Sign in</div> <div class="menu-arrow"> <img src="https://india.oup.com/wp-content/themes/indiaoup/assets/images/arrow_blue.png"> </div> </div> </a> <a href="/signinregister" class="menu-link"><div class="menu-item"> <div class="menu-text">Register</div> <div class="menu-arrow"> <img src="https://india.oup.com/wp-content/themes/indiaoup/assets/images/arrow_blue.png"> </div> </div> </a> </div> <a href="/about/" class="menu-link"><div class="menu-item"><div class="menu-text">About Us</div><div class="menu-arrow"><img src="https://india.oup.com/wp-content/themes/indiaoup/assets/images/arrow_blue.png" alt="blue arrow"></div></div></a><a href="/contact/" class="menu-link"><div class="menu-item"><div class="menu-text">Contact Us</div><div class="menu-arrow"><img src="https://india.oup.com/wp-content/themes/indiaoup/assets/images/arrow_blue.png" alt="blue arrow"></div></div></a><a href="https://careers.oup.com/" class="menu-link"><div class="menu-item"><div class="menu-text">Careers</div><div class="menu-arrow"><img src="https://india.oup.com/wp-content/themes/indiaoup/assets/images/arrow_blue.png" alt="blue arrow"></div></div></a><a href="/news/" class="menu-link"><div class="menu-item"><div class="menu-text">News</div><div class="menu-arrow"><img src="https://india.oup.com/wp-content/themes/indiaoup/assets/images/arrow_blue.png" alt="blue arrow"></div></div></a><a href="/queries/" class="menu-link"><div class="menu-item"><div class="menu-text">Help & support</div><div class="menu-arrow"><img src="https://india.oup.com/wp-content/themes/indiaoup/assets/images/arrow_blue.png" alt="blue arrow"></div></div></a> </div> </div> <script> const lazyloadRunObserver = () => { const lazyloadBackgrounds = document.querySelectorAll( `.e-con.e-parent:not(.e-lazyloaded)` ); const lazyloadBackgroundObserver = new IntersectionObserver( ( entries ) => { entries.forEach( ( entry ) => { if ( entry.isIntersecting ) { let lazyloadBackground = entry.target; if( lazyloadBackground ) { lazyloadBackground.classList.add( 'e-lazyloaded' ); } lazyloadBackgroundObserver.unobserve( entry.target ); } }); }, { rootMargin: '200px 0px 200px 0px' } ); lazyloadBackgrounds.forEach( ( lazyloadBackground ) => { lazyloadBackgroundObserver.observe( lazyloadBackground ); } ); }; const events = [ 'DOMContentLoaded', 'elementor/lazyload/observe', ]; events.forEach( ( event ) => { document.addEventListener( event, lazyloadRunObserver ); } ); </script> <script type='text/javascript'> (function () { var c = document.body.className; c = c.replace(/woocommerce-no-js/, 'woocommerce-js'); document.body.className = c; })(); </script> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wc-blocks-style-css' href='https://india.oup.com/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/client/blocks/wc-blocks.css?ver=wc-9.4.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" id="online-resource-script-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var online_resource_ajax_object = {"ajax_url":"https:\/\/india.oup.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"41c10a3436"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://india.oup.com/wp-content/plugins/oupindia-online-resources//assets/js/online-resource-script.js" id="online-resource-script-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://india.oup.com/wp-content/themes/indiaoup/assets/js/new-resource-carousel.js" id="new-resource-carousel-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://india.oup.com/wp-content/themes/indiaoup/assets/js/title-carousel.js" id="title-carousel-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="pojo-a11y-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var PojoA11yOptions = {"focusable":"","remove_link_target":"","add_role_links":"","enable_save":"","save_expiration":""}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://india.oup.com/wp-content/plugins/pojo-accessibility/assets/js/app.min.js?ver=1.0.0" id="pojo-a11y-js"></script> <a id="pojo-a11y-skip-content" class="pojo-skip-link pojo-skip-content" tabindex="1" accesskey="s" href="#content">Skip to content</a> <nav id="pojo-a11y-toolbar" class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-left pojo-a11y-visible-desktop" role="navigation"> <div class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-toggle"> <a class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-link pojo-a11y-toolbar-toggle-link" href="javascript:void(0);" title="Accessibility Tools" role="button"> <span class="pojo-sr-only sr-only">Open toolbar</span> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" fill="currentColor" width="1em"> <title>Accessibility Tools</title> <path d="M50 .8c5.7 0 10.4 4.7 10.4 10.4S55.7 21.6 50 21.6s-10.4-4.7-10.4-10.4S44.3.8 50 .8zM92.2 32l-21.9 2.3c-2.6.3-4.6 2.5-4.6 5.2V94c0 2.9-2.3 5.2-5.2 5.2H60c-2.7 0-4.9-2.1-5.2-4.7l-2.2-24.7c-.1-1.5-1.4-2.5-2.8-2.4-1.3.1-2.2 1.1-2.4 2.4l-2.2 24.7c-.2 2.7-2.5 4.7-5.2 4.7h-.5c-2.9 0-5.2-2.3-5.2-5.2V39.4c0-2.7-2-4.9-4.6-5.2L7.8 32c-2.6-.3-4.6-2.5-4.6-5.2v-.5c0-2.6 2.1-4.7 4.7-4.7h.5c19.3 1.8 33.2 2.8 41.7 2.8s22.4-.9 41.7-2.8c2.6-.2 4.9 1.6 5.2 4.3v1c-.1 2.6-2.1 4.8-4.8 5.1z"/> </svg> </a> </div> <div class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-overlay"> <div class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-inner"> <p class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-title">Accessibility Tools</p> <ul class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-items pojo-a11y-tools"> <li class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-item"> <a href="#" class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-link pojo-a11y-btn-resize-font pojo-a11y-btn-resize-plus" data-action="resize-plus" data-action-group="resize" tabindex="-1" role="button"> <span class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-icon"><svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" viewBox="0 0 448 448"><title>Increase Text</title><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 200v16c0 4.25-3.75 8-8 8h-56v56c0 4.25-3.75 8-8 8h-16c-4.25 0-8-3.75-8-8v-56h-56c-4.25 0-8-3.75-8-8v-16c0-4.25 3.75-8 8-8h56v-56c0-4.25 3.75-8 8-8h16c4.25 0 8 3.75 8 8v56h56c4.25 0 8 3.75 8 8zM288 208c0-61.75-50.25-112-112-112s-112 50.25-112 112 50.25 112 112 112 112-50.25 112-112zM416 416c0 17.75-14.25 32-32 32-8.5 0-16.75-3.5-22.5-9.5l-85.75-85.5c-29.25 20.25-64.25 31-99.75 31-97.25 0-176-78.75-176-176s78.75-176 176-176 176 78.75 176 176c0 35.5-10.75 70.5-31 99.75l85.75 85.75c5.75 5.75 9.25 14 9.25 22.5z"></path></svg></span><span class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-text">Increase Text</span> </a> </li> <li class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-item"> <a href="#" class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-link pojo-a11y-btn-resize-font pojo-a11y-btn-resize-minus" data-action="resize-minus" data-action-group="resize" tabindex="-1" role="button"> <span class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-icon"><svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" viewBox="0 0 448 448"><title>Decrease Text</title><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 200v16c0 4.25-3.75 8-8 8h-144c-4.25 0-8-3.75-8-8v-16c0-4.25 3.75-8 8-8h144c4.25 0 8 3.75 8 8zM288 208c0-61.75-50.25-112-112-112s-112 50.25-112 112 50.25 112 112 112 112-50.25 112-112zM416 416c0 17.75-14.25 32-32 32-8.5 0-16.75-3.5-22.5-9.5l-85.75-85.5c-29.25 20.25-64.25 31-99.75 31-97.25 0-176-78.75-176-176s78.75-176 176-176 176 78.75 176 176c0 35.5-10.75 70.5-31 99.75l85.75 85.75c5.75 5.75 9.25 14 9.25 22.5z"></path></svg></span><span class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-text">Decrease Text</span> </a> </li> <li class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-item"> <a href="#" class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-link pojo-a11y-btn-background-group pojo-a11y-btn-grayscale" data-action="grayscale" data-action-group="schema" tabindex="-1" role="button"> <span class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-icon"><svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" viewBox="0 0 448 448"><title>Grayscale</title><path fill="currentColor" d="M15.75 384h-15.75v-352h15.75v352zM31.5 383.75h-8v-351.75h8v351.75zM55 383.75h-7.75v-351.75h7.75v351.75zM94.25 383.75h-7.75v-351.75h7.75v351.75zM133.5 383.75h-15.5v-351.75h15.5v351.75zM165 383.75h-7.75v-351.75h7.75v351.75zM180.75 383.75h-7.75v-351.75h7.75v351.75zM196.5 383.75h-7.75v-351.75h7.75v351.75zM235.75 383.75h-15.75v-351.75h15.75v351.75zM275 383.75h-15.75v-351.75h15.75v351.75zM306.5 383.75h-15.75v-351.75h15.75v351.75zM338 383.75h-15.75v-351.75h15.75v351.75zM361.5 383.75h-15.75v-351.75h15.75v351.75zM408.75 383.75h-23.5v-351.75h23.5v351.75zM424.5 383.75h-8v-351.75h8v351.75zM448 384h-15.75v-352h15.75v352z"></path></svg></span><span class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-text">Grayscale</span> </a> </li> <li class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-item"> <a href="#" class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-link pojo-a11y-btn-background-group pojo-a11y-btn-high-contrast" data-action="high-contrast" data-action-group="schema" tabindex="-1" role="button"> <span class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-icon"><svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" viewBox="0 0 448 448"><title>High Contrast</title><path fill="currentColor" d="M192 360v-272c-75 0-136 61-136 136s61 136 136 136zM384 224c0 106-86 192-192 192s-192-86-192-192 86-192 192-192 192 86 192 192z"></path></svg></span><span class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-text">High Contrast</span> </a> </li> <li class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-item"> <a href="#" class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-link pojo-a11y-btn-background-group pojo-a11y-btn-negative-contrast" data-action="negative-contrast" data-action-group="schema" tabindex="-1" role="button"> <span class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-icon"><svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" viewBox="0 0 448 448"><title>Negative Contrast</title><path fill="currentColor" d="M416 240c-23.75-36.75-56.25-68.25-95.25-88.25 10 17 15.25 36.5 15.25 56.25 0 61.75-50.25 112-112 112s-112-50.25-112-112c0-19.75 5.25-39.25 15.25-56.25-39 20-71.5 51.5-95.25 88.25 42.75 66 111.75 112 192 112s149.25-46 192-112zM236 144c0-6.5-5.5-12-12-12-41.75 0-76 34.25-76 76 0 6.5 5.5 12 12 12s12-5.5 12-12c0-28.5 23.5-52 52-52 6.5 0 12-5.5 12-12zM448 240c0 6.25-2 12-5 17.25-46 75.75-130.25 126.75-219 126.75s-173-51.25-219-126.75c-3-5.25-5-11-5-17.25s2-12 5-17.25c46-75.5 130.25-126.75 219-126.75s173 51.25 219 126.75c3 5.25 5 11 5 17.25z"></path></svg></span><span class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-text">Negative Contrast</span> </a> </li> <li class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-item"> <a href="#" class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-link pojo-a11y-btn-background-group pojo-a11y-btn-light-background" data-action="light-background" data-action-group="schema" tabindex="-1" role="button"> <span class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-icon"><svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" viewBox="0 0 448 448"><title>Light Background</title><path fill="currentColor" d="M184 144c0 4.25-3.75 8-8 8s-8-3.75-8-8c0-17.25-26.75-24-40-24-4.25 0-8-3.75-8-8s3.75-8 8-8c23.25 0 56 12.25 56 40zM224 144c0-50-50.75-80-96-80s-96 30-96 80c0 16 6.5 32.75 17 45 4.75 5.5 10.25 10.75 15.25 16.5 17.75 21.25 32.75 46.25 35.25 74.5h57c2.5-28.25 17.5-53.25 35.25-74.5 5-5.75 10.5-11 15.25-16.5 10.5-12.25 17-29 17-45zM256 144c0 25.75-8.5 48-25.75 67s-40 45.75-42 72.5c7.25 4.25 11.75 12.25 11.75 20.5 0 6-2.25 11.75-6.25 16 4 4.25 6.25 10 6.25 16 0 8.25-4.25 15.75-11.25 20.25 2 3.5 3.25 7.75 3.25 11.75 0 16.25-12.75 24-27.25 24-6.5 14.5-21 24-36.75 24s-30.25-9.5-36.75-24c-14.5 0-27.25-7.75-27.25-24 0-4 1.25-8.25 3.25-11.75-7-4.5-11.25-12-11.25-20.25 0-6 2.25-11.75 6.25-16-4-4.25-6.25-10-6.25-16 0-8.25 4.5-16.25 11.75-20.5-2-26.75-24.75-53.5-42-72.5s-25.75-41.25-25.75-67c0-68 64.75-112 128-112s128 44 128 112z"></path></svg></span><span class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-text">Light Background</span> </a> </li> <li class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-item"> <a href="#" class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-link pojo-a11y-btn-links-underline" data-action="links-underline" data-action-group="toggle" tabindex="-1" role="button"> <span class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-icon"><svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" viewBox="0 0 448 448"><title>Links Underline</title><path fill="currentColor" d="M364 304c0-6.5-2.5-12.5-7-17l-52-52c-4.5-4.5-10.75-7-17-7-7.25 0-13 2.75-18 8 8.25 8.25 18 15.25 18 28 0 13.25-10.75 24-24 24-12.75 0-19.75-9.75-28-18-5.25 5-8.25 10.75-8.25 18.25 0 6.25 2.5 12.5 7 17l51.5 51.75c4.5 4.5 10.75 6.75 17 6.75s12.5-2.25 17-6.5l36.75-36.5c4.5-4.5 7-10.5 7-16.75zM188.25 127.75c0-6.25-2.5-12.5-7-17l-51.5-51.75c-4.5-4.5-10.75-7-17-7s-12.5 2.5-17 6.75l-36.75 36.5c-4.5 4.5-7 10.5-7 16.75 0 6.5 2.5 12.5 7 17l52 52c4.5 4.5 10.75 6.75 17 6.75 7.25 0 13-2.5 18-7.75-8.25-8.25-18-15.25-18-28 0-13.25 10.75-24 24-24 12.75 0 19.75 9.75 28 18 5.25-5 8.25-10.75 8.25-18.25zM412 304c0 19-7.75 37.5-21.25 50.75l-36.75 36.5c-13.5 13.5-31.75 20.75-50.75 20.75-19.25 0-37.5-7.5-51-21.25l-51.5-51.75c-13.5-13.5-20.75-31.75-20.75-50.75 0-19.75 8-38.5 22-52.25l-22-22c-13.75 14-32.25 22-52 22-19 0-37.5-7.5-51-21l-52-52c-13.75-13.75-21-31.75-21-51 0-19 7.75-37.5 21.25-50.75l36.75-36.5c13.5-13.5 31.75-20.75 50.75-20.75 19.25 0 37.5 7.5 51 21.25l51.5 51.75c13.5 13.5 20.75 31.75 20.75 50.75 0 19.75-8 38.5-22 52.25l22 22c13.75-14 32.25-22 52-22 19 0 37.5 7.5 51 21l52 52c13.75 13.75 21 31.75 21 51z"></path></svg></span><span class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-text">Links Underline</span> </a> </li> <li class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-item"> <a href="#" class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-link pojo-a11y-btn-reset" data-action="reset" tabindex="-1" role="button"> <span class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-icon"><svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" viewBox="0 0 448 448"><title>Reset</title><path fill="currentColor" d="M384 224c0 105.75-86.25 192-192 192-57.25 0-111.25-25.25-147.75-69.25-2.5-3.25-2.25-8 0.5-10.75l34.25-34.5c1.75-1.5 4-2.25 6.25-2.25 2.25 0.25 4.5 1.25 5.75 3 24.5 31.75 61.25 49.75 101 49.75 70.5 0 128-57.5 128-128s-57.5-128-128-128c-32.75 0-63.75 12.5-87 34.25l34.25 34.5c4.75 4.5 6 11.5 3.5 17.25-2.5 6-8.25 10-14.75 10h-112c-8.75 0-16-7.25-16-16v-112c0-6.5 4-12.25 10-14.75 5.75-2.5 12.75-1.25 17.25 3.5l32.5 32.25c35.25-33.25 83-53 132.25-53 105.75 0 192 86.25 192 192z"></path></svg></span> <span class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-text">Reset</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </body> </html>