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id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Cambiar a la tabla de contenidos</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Broken Arrow (palabra clave)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir a un artículo en 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class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apariencia</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mover a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="es" dir="ltr"><p><i><b>Broken Arrow</b></i> (en español: Flecha Rota) es un término utilizado en la terminología <a href="/wiki/Fuerzas_Armadas_de_los_Estados_Unidos" title="Fuerzas Armadas de los Estados Unidos">militar estadounidense</a> y se entiende en toda la <a href="/wiki/OTAN" title="OTAN">OTAN</a>. <i>Broken Arrow</i> significa un accidente que involucra una <a href="/wiki/Ojiva_(arma)" title="Ojiva (arma)">ojiva</a> <a href="/wiki/Arma_nuclear" title="Arma nuclear">nuclear</a> que resulta también ser un peligro para el público debido a la ojiva (detonación accidental), o la pérdida o robo accidental de una. En el caso de un <i>broken arrow</i>, incluidos en los casos de accidentes con armas nucleares francesas o británicas, en suelo alemán, el ejército estadounidense tiene amplios derechos especiales debido a acuerdos intergubernamentales entre ambos estados. </p><p>Una lista oficial de EE. UU. describe 32 accidentes nucleares oficiales.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>1<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> Una lista no oficial habla de 1000 accidentes no oficiales correspondientes.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>2<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1950">1950</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broken_Arrow_(palabra_clave)&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar sección: 1950"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En 1950, durante la <a href="/wiki/Guerra_de_Corea" title="Guerra de Corea">Guerra de Corea</a>, tal evento tuvo lugar en la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Travis_Air_Force_Base&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Travis Air Force Base (aún no redactado)">Base de la Fuerza Aérea Travis</a> en <a href="/wiki/Fairfield_(California)" title="Fairfield (California)">Fairfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Condado_de_Solano" title="Condado de Solano">Condado de Solano</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, entonces conocida como Base de la Fuerza Aérea Fairfield-Suisun. Un <a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-29_Superfortress" title="Boeing B-29 Superfortress">Boeing B-29</a> experimentó problemas con el motor poco después del despegue y regresó a la base de la Fuerza Aérea Fairfield-Suisun por orden del general <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_F._Travis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert F. Travis (aún no redactado)">Robert F. Travis</a> teniendo una bomba nuclear Mark IV a bordo. Los flaps de aterrizaje fallaron, las 5000 libras (2268 kg) de explosivos convencionales que contenía detonaron y mataron allí a 7 personas. De los 20 miembros de la tripulación a bordo del bombardero B-29, 12 murieron,. Entre ellos estuvo el general Travis, por quien se nombró a la Base de la Fuerza Aérea Travis en 1951.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>3<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>4<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>En 1956, un avión de la Fuerza Aérea de EE. UU., que transportaba dos contenedores con material apto para armas nucleares, se perdió en el mar Mediterráneo.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>5<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1960">1960</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broken_Arrow_(palabra_clave)&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar sección: 1960"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En 1965, durante la <a href="/wiki/Guerra_de_Vietnam" title="Guerra de Vietnam">guerra de Vietnam</a>, unidades de infantería que estaban en situación desesperada, codificaron <i>Broken Arrow</i> en la <a href="/wiki/Batalla_del_valle_de_Ia_Drang" title="Batalla del valle de Ia Drang">batalla del valle de Ia Drang</a>, pidiendo un ataque aéreo en su propia posición.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>6<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1980">1980</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broken_Arrow_(palabra_clave)&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar sección: 1980"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>El 18 de septiembre de 1980, un silo de misiles cerca de Damasco, <a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a>, explotó y se perdió la ojiva. La ojiva fue encontrada y recuperada por las Fuerzas Aéreas unos días después. Hubo un hombre muerto.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>7<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Términos_relacionados"><span id="T.C3.A9rminos_relacionados"></span>Términos relacionados</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broken_Arrow_(palabra_clave)&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar sección: Términos relacionados"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Lanza doblada</li> <li>Nucflash</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referencias">Referencias</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broken_Arrow_(palabra_clave)&action=edit&section=5" title="Editar sección: Referencias"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="listaref" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/command-and-control-broken-arrows-how-many-nuclear-accidents-have-we-had/">«Broken Arrows: How Many Nuclear Accidents Have We Had?»</a>. <i>AMERICAN EXPERIENCE</i> <span style="color:var(--color-subtle, #555 );">(en inglés)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado el 2 de marzo de 2023</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3ABroken+Arrow+%28palabra+clave%29&rft.atitle=Broken+Arrows%3A+How+Many+Nuclear+Accidents+Have+We+Had%3F&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AMERICAN+EXPERIENCE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwgbh%2Famericanexperience%2Ffeatures%2Fcommand-and-control-broken-arrows-how-many-nuclear-accidents-have-we-had%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="CITAREFChuck_Hansen1988" class="citation web">Chuck Hansen (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010128203600/http://www.thebulletin.org/issues/2000/nd00/hansen.html">«1,000 more accidents declassified»</a> <span style="color:var(--color-subtle, #555 );">(en inglés)</span>. Archivado desde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thebulletin.org/issues/2000/nd00/hansen.html">el original</a> el 28 de enero de 2001<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado el 2 de marzo de 2023</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3ABroken+Arrow+%28palabra+clave%29&rft.au=Chuck+Hansen&rft.aulast=Chuck+Hansen&rft.btitle=1%2C000+more+accidents+declassified&rft.date=1988&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebulletin.org%2Fissues%2F2000%2Fnd00%2Fhansen.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ed Grabianowski (15 de octubre de 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://io9.gizmodo.com/5664390/5-times-we-almost-nuked-ourselves-by-accident"><i>5 times we almost nuked ourselves by accident</i></a> <span style="color:var(--color-subtle,#555);">(en inglés)</span>. <i>GIZMODO</i>. Consultado el 2 de marzo de 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aerospaceweb.org/question/weapons/q0268.shtml"><i>Broken Arrow Nuclear Weapon Accidents</i></a> <i>aerospaceweb.org</i>. Consultado el 2 de marzo de 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/media/filer_public/67/d8/67d8e5ce-78fe-4b95-922a-bb669d0947d7/_cc_broken_arrows.pdf">Department of Defense _cc_broken_arrows.pdf</a> <span style="color:var(--color-subtle,#555);">(en inglés)</span>. Consultado el 2 de marzo de 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.military.com/ContentFiles/WWS_time3.htm"><i>LZ X-ray, Day 2 (15 Nov 1965)</i></a> <span style="color:var(--color-subtle,#555);">(en inglés)</span>. <i>Military.com</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Eric Schlosser (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/commandcontrol00eric">Command and control : nuclear weapons, the Damascus Accident, and the illusion of safety</a> <i>Internet Archive</i>. Consultado el 2 de marzo de 2013.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografía"><span id="Bibliograf.C3.ADa"></span>Bibliografía</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broken_Arrow_(palabra_clave)&action=edit&section=6" title="Editar sección: Bibliografía"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Broken Arrow.</i> In: Benjamin C. Garrett, John Hart: <i>The A to Z of Nuclear, Biological and Chemical Warfare.</i> Scarecrow Press, 2009, S. 41. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-810-87040-6" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-810-87040-6">978-0-810-87040-6</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.de/books?id=yNJtYLW4IiwC&q=">"Broken+Arrow" (versión limitada); buscado en Google</a>)</li> <li><i>Broken Arrow.</i> In: Jonathon Green: <i>The A – Z of Nuclear Jargon.</i> Routledge, 2014. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-1-317-90824-1" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-1-317-90824-1">978-1-317-90824-1</a>, S. 27. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.de/books?id=LlFpAwAAQBAJ&q=">"Broken+Arrow" (versión limitada); buscado en Google</a>)</li> <li>Eric Croddy, James J. Wirtz (Hrsg.): <i>Broken Arrow/Bent Spear</i>; in: <i>Weapons of Mass Destruction: Chemical and biological weapons.</i> <a href="/wiki/ABC-CLIO" title="ABC-CLIO">ABC-CLIO</a>, 2005, S. 42 f. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-1-851-09490-5" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-1-851-09490-5">978-1-851-09490-5</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.de/books?id=LlFpAwAAQBAJ&q=">"Broken+Arrow" (versión limitada); buscado en Google</a>)</li> <li>Norman Leach: <i>Broken Arrow: America's First Lost Nuclear Weapon.</i> Red Deer Press, 2008. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-889-95348-2" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-889-95348-2">978-0-889-95348-2</a></li> <li>James C. Oskins, Michael H. Maggelet: <i>Broken Arrow: The Declassified History of U.S. Nuclear Weapons Accidents.</i> Lulu.com, 2008. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-1-435-70361-2" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-1-435-70361-2">978-1-435-70361-2</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Enlaces_externos">Enlaces externos</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broken_Arrow_(palabra_clave)&action=edit&section=7" title="Editar sección: Enlaces externos"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><div class="plainlinks" style="display:inline">Esta obra contiene una traducción total derivada de «<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broken_Arrow_(Codewort)" class="extiw" title="de:Broken Arrow (Codewort)">Broken Arrow (Codewort)</a>» de Wikipedia en alemán, concretamente de <a class="external text" href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broken_Arrow_(Codewort)?oldid=940279876">esta versión del 2 de marzo de 2023</a>, publicada por <a class="external text" href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broken_Arrow_(Codewort)?action=history">sus editores</a> bajo la <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Texto_de_la_Licencia_de_documentaci%C3%B3n_libre_de_GNU" title="Wikipedia:Texto de la Licencia de documentación libre de GNU">Licencia de documentación libre de GNU</a> y la <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.es">Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional</a>.</div></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304075033/http://fas.org/spp/military/docops/usaf/10-206.htm">AFMAN 10-206</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r161257576">.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control{margin-top:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox table{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox hr:last-child{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox+.mw-mf-linked-projects{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects{display:flex;padding:0.5em;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects ul li{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox-list{border-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox th{background-color:#eeeeff}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#72777d);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#27292d);color:var(--color-base,#eaecf0)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#72777d)!important;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#202122)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox-list{border-color:#202122!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox th{background-color:#27292d!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#72777d)!important;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#27292d)!important;color:var(--color-base,#eaecf0)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#72777d)!important;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#202122)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox-list{border-color:#202122!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox th{background-color:#27292d!important}}</style><div class="mw-authority-control"><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="width: inherit;padding:3px"><table class="hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width: 12%; 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