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href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E5%BA%B7%E6%99%AE%E9%AD%AF%E9%A0%93%E5%90%88%E5%8F%83%E6%9C%AC%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的" class=""><span>创建账号</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E5%BA%B7%E6%99%AE%E9%AD%AF%E9%A0%93%E5%90%88%E5%8F%83%E6%9C%AC%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>登录</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多选项" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label 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href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E5%BA%B7%E6%99%AE%E9%AD%AF%E9%A0%93%E5%90%88%E5%8F%83%E6%9C%AC%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E5%BA%B7%E6%99%AE%E9%AD%AF%E9%A0%93%E5%90%88%E5%8F%83%E6%9C%AC%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-背景" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#背景"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>背景</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-背景-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-编撰工作" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#编撰工作"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>编撰工作</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-编撰工作-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-合参本的版面" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#合参本的版面"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>合参本的版面</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-合参本的版面-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-拉丁語《武加大譯本》和聖經原文的差别" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#拉丁語《武加大譯本》和聖經原文的差别"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>拉丁語《武加大譯本》和聖經原文的差别</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-拉丁語《武加大譯本》和聖經原文的差别-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-新聖經譯本的底本" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#新聖經譯本的底本"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>新聖經譯本的底本</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-新聖經譯本的底本-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参看" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参看"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>参看</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参看-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">康普魯頓合參本聖經</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。17种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%ADblia_Poliglota_Complutense" title="Bíblia Poliglota Complutense – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bíblia Poliglota Complutense" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komplutensk%C3%A1_polyglota" title="Komplutenská polyglota – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Komplutenská polyglota" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complutenserpolyglotten" title="Complutenserpolyglotten – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Complutenserpolyglotten" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complutensische_Polyglotte" title="Complutensische Polyglotte – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Complutensische Polyglotte" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complutensian_Polyglot_Bible" title="Complutensian Polyglot Bible – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Complutensian Polyglot Bible" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plurlingva_Komplutensa_Biblio" title="Plurlingva Komplutensa Biblio – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Plurlingva Komplutensa Biblio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblia_pol%C3%ADglota_complutense" title="Biblia políglota complutense – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Biblia políglota complutense" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bible_polyglotte_d%27Alcal%C3%A1" title="Bible polyglotte d'Alcalá – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bible polyglotte d'Alcalá" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%98%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%98%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%AA" title="הפוליגלוטה הקומפלוטנסית – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הפוליגלוטה הקומפלוטנסית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkitab_Poliglot_Complutensian" title="Alkitab Poliglot Complutensian – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Alkitab Poliglot Complutensian" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibbia_Poliglotta_Complutense" title="Bibbia Poliglotta Complutense – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bibbia Poliglotta Complutense" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complutensische_polyglotbijbel" title="Complutensische polyglotbijbel – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Complutensische polyglotbijbel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poliglota_komplute%C5%84ska" title="Poliglota kompluteńska – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Poliglota kompluteńska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%ADblia_Poliglota_Complutense" title="Bíblia Poliglota Complutense – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bíblia Poliglota Complutense" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="推荐条目"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Комплютенская Полиглотта – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Комплютенская Полиглотта" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komplutensiska_polyglotten" title="Komplutensiska polyglotten – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Komplutensiska polyglotten" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Комплютенська Поліглотта – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Комплютенська Поліглотта" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1121746#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E6%99%AE%E9%AD%AF%E9%A0%93%E5%90%88%E5%8F%83%E6%9C%AC%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93" 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mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Complutensian_Polyglot_Bible" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1121746" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cisneros%27_original_complutensian_polyglot_Bible_-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Cisneros%27_original_complutensian_polyglot_Bible_-1.jpg/200px-Cisneros%27_original_complutensian_polyglot_Bible_-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Cisneros%27_original_complutensian_polyglot_Bible_-1.jpg/300px-Cisneros%27_original_complutensian_polyglot_Bible_-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Cisneros%27_original_complutensian_polyglot_Bible_-1.jpg/400px-Cisneros%27_original_complutensian_polyglot_Bible_-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1241" data-file-height="1639" /></a><figcaption>康普魯頓合參本聖經封面</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Complutesian_Polyglot_1522.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Complutesian_Polyglot_1522.jpg/200px-Complutesian_Polyglot_1522.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Complutesian_Polyglot_1522.jpg/300px-Complutesian_Polyglot_1522.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Complutesian_Polyglot_1522.jpg/400px-Complutesian_Polyglot_1522.jpg 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>康普魯頓合參本聖經的一页</figcaption></figure> <p><b>康普魯頓合參本聖經</b>（西班牙語：<span lang="es"><i>Biblia políglota complutense</i></span>）是16世纪初<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99" title="西班牙">西班牙</a>出版的一本<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="合參本" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Polyglot (book)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%88%E5%8F%83%E6%9C%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="合參本（页面不存在）">合參本</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyglot_(book)" class="extiw" title="en:Polyglot (book)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Polyglot (book)</span></a></span>）</span></span><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93" title="聖經">聖經</a>。这本圣经内含大量的参考资料，为后来的圣经翻译提供了十分优良方便的参阅来源。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="背景"><span id=".E8.83.8C.E6.99.AF"></span>背景</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%B7%E6%99%AE%E9%AD%AF%E9%A0%93%E5%90%88%E5%8F%83%E6%9C%AC%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：背景"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1455年左右，<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97" class="mw-disambig" title="德意志">德意志</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%8F%A4%E9%A8%B0%E5%A0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="約翰尼斯·古騰堡">約翰尼斯·古騰堡</a>出版了第一本用<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%BB%E5%AD%97%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7%E8%A1%93" class="mw-redirect" title="活字印刷術">活字印刷術</a>印製的聖經，即《<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E8%A1%8C%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93" class="mw-redirect" title="四十二行聖經">四十二行聖經</a>》。聖經終於不只是少數的抄本了。由於大量印刷，費用比較便宜，不久聖經就成為世上最暢銷的書，但古騰堡印製的，是聖經的<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁語">拉丁語</a>譯本。可是，歐洲的學者很快就發覺需要一本可靠的原語聖經，也就是<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%8A%E7%B4%84" class="mw-redirect" title="舊約">舊約</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E4%BE%86%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="希伯來語">希伯來語</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%B4%84" title="新約">新約</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="希臘語">希臘語</a>文本。當時<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%BB%B7" title="教廷">教廷</a>只認可<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁語">拉丁語</a>的《<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E5%8A%A0%E5%A4%A7%E8%AF%91%E6%9C%AC" title="武加大译本">武加大譯本</a>》，但這有兩大問題： </p> <ul><li>在16世紀，只有<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E8%81%B7%E4%BA%BA%E5%93%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="神職人員">神職人員</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A1%AF%E8%B2%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="顯貴（页面不存在）">顯貴</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E5%93%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="官員">官員</a>懂拉丁語，多數歐洲人不懂；</li> <li>經過了一千年輾轉傳抄，《武加大譯本》累積了相當多的抄寫錯誤。</li></ul> <p>翻譯員和學者都需要參考聖經原文，也需要一本經過修正的拉丁語譯本。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E5%B8%8C%E6%A2%85%E5%86%85%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%E5%86%85%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="弗朗西斯科·希梅内斯·德·西斯内罗斯">德西斯內羅斯</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%9E%E6%A9%9F%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="樞機主教">樞機主教</a>是西班牙女王<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E8%8E%8E%E8%B2%9D%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" class="mw-redirect" title="伊莎貝拉一世">伊莎貝拉一世</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="政治">政治</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="宗教">宗教</a>顧問。1502年，德西斯內羅斯決定出版一本書去滿足翻譯員和學者的需求。這本翻譯工具書稱為《康普魯頓合參本聖經》。<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%E5%85%A7%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="德西斯內羅斯">德西斯內羅斯</a>的目標是出版一部合參本（多種語言對照的聖經），羅列希伯來語、希臘語、拉丁語和部分<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="亚兰语">亚兰語</a>的最完善文本。當時印刷業才剛剛發展，因此新聖經也是印刷術的里程碑。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="编撰工作"><span id=".E7.BC.96.E6.92.B0.E5.B7.A5.E4.BD.9C"></span>编撰工作</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%B7%E6%99%AE%E9%AD%AF%E9%A0%93%E5%90%88%E5%8F%83%E6%9C%AC%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：编撰工作"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>為了從事這件艱鉅的工作，德西斯內羅斯購買了許多希伯來語抄本，幸好當時西班牙有許多這類抄本。他也收集了各種各樣的希臘語抄本和拉丁語抄本。這些抄本就是《合參本》的底本。在西班牙埃納雷斯堡新成立的阿爾卡拉大學，德西斯內羅斯募集了一群學者，把實際的編纂工作交給他們。其中一位受邀請的學者，是鹿特丹人伊拉斯謨，不過這位著名的語言學家沒有應邀。 </p><p>學者們用了十年編纂這本巨著，實際的印刷工作用了四年時間。當時西班牙的印刷工人沒有希伯來語、希臘語和亚兰語的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="字體">字體</a>，所以遇到了不少技術困難。於是，德西斯內羅斯雇用了一位出色的印刷技師A.G.布羅卡里奧鑄造這幾種語言的字體。1514年，工人終於開始印刷工作。1517年7月10日，德西斯內羅斯死前四個月，共六卷的《合參本》終於大功告成，足本的印刷量大約是六百套。<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 諷刺的是，當時<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E8%A3%81%E5%88%A4%E6%89%80" title="西班牙宗教裁判所">西班牙異端裁判所</a>的勢力卻如日中天。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="合参本的版面"><span id=".E5.90.88.E5.8F.82.E6.9C.AC.E7.9A.84.E7.89.88.E9.9D.A2"></span>合参本的版面</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%B7%E6%99%AE%E9%AD%AF%E9%A0%93%E5%90%88%E5%8F%83%E6%9C%AC%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：合参本的版面"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cisneros%27_original_complutensian_polyglot_Bible_-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Cisneros%27_original_complutensian_polyglot_Bible_-2.jpg/200px-Cisneros%27_original_complutensian_polyglot_Bible_-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Cisneros%27_original_complutensian_polyglot_Bible_-2.jpg/300px-Cisneros%27_original_complutensian_polyglot_Bible_-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Cisneros%27_original_complutensian_polyglot_Bible_-2.jpg/400px-Cisneros%27_original_complutensian_polyglot_Bible_-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1241" data-file-height="1650" /></a><figcaption>魯頓合參本聖經的一页</figcaption></figure> <p>《合參本》每一頁都提供了豐富的資料。《<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A7%E7%BA%A6%E5%9C%A3%E7%BB%8F" title="旧约圣经">希伯來語經卷</a>》佔了四卷，每一頁的中欄是拉丁語《武加大譯本》，外欄是希伯來語文本，內欄是希臘語文本，並在行間把希臘語譯成拉丁語。頁邊列出了許多希伯來語<a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%9E%E5%BD%99" class="mw-redirect" title="詞彙">詞彙</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%9E%E6%A0%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="詞根">詞根</a>。此外，《摩西五經》每一頁的下半部都有<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%98%82%E5%85%8B%E7%BE%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="昂克羅（页面不存在）">昂克羅</a>翻譯的《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A1%94%E5%8F%A4%E5%A7%86%E8%AD%AF%E6%9C%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="塔古姆譯本（页面不存在）">塔古姆譯本</a>》（聖經頭五卷的亚兰語意譯本）和拉丁語譯文。 </p><p>《合參本》的第五卷是《<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%BA%A6%E5%9C%A3%E7%BB%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="新约圣经">希臘語經卷</a>》，每一頁分為兩欄，一欄是希臘語文本，一欄是拉丁語《武加大譯本》。兩欄的經文可以互相參照，兩種語言的詞語各有對應的小字母，讓讀者知道希臘語某個詞相等於拉丁語哪個詞。《合參本》的希臘語部分是第一本用<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7%E8%A1%93" class="mw-redirect" title="印刷術">印刷術</a>製成的《希臘語經卷》全書（俗稱《新約》）。不久之後，伊拉斯謨編纂的版本就面世了。 </p><p>編纂《合參本》的學者非常細心校對原文，所以第五卷只有50個印刷錯誤。由於這緣故，現代學者認為《合參本》的第五卷比<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E8%B0%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="伊拉斯谟">伊拉斯謨</a>的著名希臘語文本更勝一籌。典雅的希臘語字體跟古樸的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E8%89%B2%E7%88%BE%E5%AD%97%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="安色爾字體">安色爾字體</a>抄本很相稱。R. 普羅克特著的《15世紀希臘語文獻印刷》説：“西班牙頭一次鑄造希臘語字體，已經是歷來最好的希臘語字體，這真是西班牙的光榮。”<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>《合參本》的第六卷有許多研究聖經的工具：希伯來語和亚兰語詞典（附拉丁語索引）；希臘語、希伯來語、亚兰語名字釋義；希伯來語<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="語法">語法</a>闡釋。《康普魯頓合參本聖經》被譽為“印刷術和<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="聖經學">聖經學</a>的里程碑”。 </p><p>照德西斯內羅斯所説，當時“研究聖經的風氣委靡不振”，他希望這本參考書能“一洗頹風”，但他沒打算讓平民大衆擁有聖經。他認為，“上帝的話語必須小心隱藏起來，不讓一般人了解”。他也認為，“耶穌被釘死的時候，上帝只讓他兒子頭上的牌子寫上三種古代語言。在耶稣以上有一个牌子（有古卷加：用希腊、罗马、希伯来的文字）写着：“这是犹太人的王。” (路加福音 23:38 和合本) 既然如此，聖經也應該只限於這三種語言”。所以，《康普魯頓合參本聖經》沒有任何<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="西班牙語">西班牙語</a>譯文。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="拉丁語《武加大譯本》和聖經原文的差别"><span id=".E6.8B.89.E4.B8.81.E8.AA.9E.E3.80.8A.E6.AD.A6.E5.8A.A0.E5.A4.A7.E8.AD.AF.E6.9C.AC.E3.80.8B.E5.92.8C.E8.81.96.E7.B6.93.E5.8E.9F.E6.96.87.E7.9A.84.E5.B7.AE.E5.88.AB"></span>拉丁語《武加大譯本》和聖經原文的差别</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%B7%E6%99%AE%E9%AD%AF%E9%A0%93%E5%90%88%E5%8F%83%E6%9C%AC%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：拉丁語《武加大譯本》和聖經原文的差别"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>由於《合參本》的本質，參與編纂工作的學者難免有不同意見。西班牙著名學者<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%A7%E5%A4%AB%E9%87%8C%E5%93%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="德內夫里哈（页面不存在）">A. 德內夫里哈</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 負責修訂《合參本》裏的拉丁語《武加大譯本》。 </p><p>雖然天主教會只認可<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E7%BE%85%E5%A7%86" class="mw-redirect" title="哲羅姆">哲羅姆</a>的《武加大譯本》，德內夫里哈卻看出需要用希伯來語、亚兰語和希臘語原文比較《武加大譯本》，並且希望改正當時《武加大譯本》中一些明顯的錯誤。 </p><p>為了消除拉丁語《武加大譯本》和聖經原文的差異，德內夫里哈促請德西斯內羅斯“再次燃亮本教兩大火炬——希伯來語和希臘語——並且獎賞那些致力於這件工作的人”。他還提出以下的建議：“每逢各種拉丁語《新約》抄本有差異，我們都應該對照希臘語抄本。每逢各種拉丁語《舊約》抄本有差異，或者《舊約》的拉丁語抄本跟希臘語抄本不同，都應該以可靠的希伯來語文獻為準。” </p><p>德西斯內羅斯回应，他在《合參本》的序言裏清楚表達了他的意見：“我們把真福哲羅姆的拉丁語譯文放在正中，兩旁則是猶太會堂所用的文本［希伯來語文本］和東正教會所用的文本［希臘語文本］，正如兩個强盜掛在耶穌兩旁。耶穌就好比羅馬公教，也就是拉丁教會。”因此，德西斯內羅斯不准德內夫里哈按照聖經原文改正拉丁語《武加大譯本》。最後，德內夫里哈寧可放棄這件工作，也不願意讓人以為這個有問題的修訂本是由他負責的。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="新聖經譯本的底本"><span id=".E6.96.B0.E8.81.96.E7.B6.93.E8.AD.AF.E6.9C.AC.E7.9A.84.E5.BA.95.E6.9C.AC"></span>新聖經譯本的底本</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%B7%E6%99%AE%E9%AD%AF%E9%A0%93%E5%90%88%E5%8F%83%E6%9C%AC%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：新聖經譯本的底本"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>《康普魯頓合參本聖經》是《希臘語經卷》全書和《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E5%8D%81%E5%A3%AB%E8%AD%AF%E6%9C%AC" title="七十士譯本">七十士譯本</a>》的第一個印刷本，但它的價值不止於此。正如伊拉斯謨編纂的《新約》希臘語文本成為《希臘語經卷》的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E8%AE%A4%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC" title="公认文本">公認文本</a>（許多種語言譯本的底本），《合參本》的希伯來語文本也成為《希伯來語及亚兰語經卷》的底本。<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E5%BB%B7%E5%BE%B7%E7%88%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="威廉·廷德爾">威廉·廷德爾</a>翻譯的英語譯本，所依據的《希伯來語經卷》文本，主要就是《合參本》。 </p><p>《康普魯頓合參本聖經》的編者在學術上作出了重大貢獻，推動了聖經學的發展。這本參考書出版的時候，歐洲各地對聖經的興趣正越來越濃厚，令不少學者打算把聖經譯成平民百姓所説的語言。當時的許多發展，促使希臘語和希伯來語文本得到進一步的修正，而文本也保存得更好，《合參本》正好起了承先啟後的作用。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%B7%E6%99%AE%E9%AD%AF%E9%A0%93%E5%90%88%E5%8F%83%E6%9C%AC%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">600套的材料是紙張，6套的材料是羊皮紙。1984年發行了少量的複製本。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">参考 The Printing of Greek in the Fifteenth Century, R. Proctor </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">德內夫里哈被視為西班牙的人文主義先驅。1492年，他出版了《卡斯提語語法》（Gramática castellana (Grammar of the Castilian Language)）。三年後，他決定用餘生研究聖經。</span> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参看"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E7.9C.8B"></span>参看</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%B7%E6%99%AE%E9%AD%AF%E9%A0%93%E5%90%88%E5%8F%83%E6%9C%AC%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：参看"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A6%E5%AE%9A%E7%89%88%E5%9C%A3%E7%BB%8F" title="钦定版圣经">钦定版圣经</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E5%8D%81%E5%A3%AB%E8%AD%AF%E6%9C%AC" title="七十士譯本">七十士譯本</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%B7%E6%99%AE%E9%AD%AF%E9%A0%93%E5%90%88%E5%8F%83%E6%9C%AC%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05286a.htm">天主教百科全书：圣经译本</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20211120101743/http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05286a.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12222a.htm">天主教百科全书 "合参圣经"</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20100107215722/http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12222a.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060320025253/http://dukemagazine.duke.edu/dukemag/cgi-bin/printout.pl?date=050603&article=depgal2">DUKE Magazine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081005094709/http://www.greekfontsociety.gr/pages/en_publications2004_SP.html">希腊字体协会Complutensian</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0951-0788(190308)2%3A6%3C358%3AANFOGT%3E2.0.CO%3B2-Y">Robert Proctor's announcement of his Otter Greek font: A New Fount of Greek Type, <i>Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs</i>, Vol. 2, No. 6 (Aug., 1903), pp. 358-360</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060827000920/http://www.supakoo.com/rick/ricoblog/PermaLink.aspx?guid=873cc194-46b8-4dca-a0a8-d6ab8b688a3b">Blog entry on Complutensian typography</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img 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