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The main goal is to create a modern school through information technology," /> <title>(PDF) Application of Electronic Learning in the Educational Education Work of the Classroom Teaching and Teaching | Mensura Kudumovic - Academia.edu</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/80163346/Application_of_Electronic_Learning_in_the_Educational_Education_Work_of_the_Classroom_Teaching_and_Teaching" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '49879c2402910372f4abc62630a427bbe033d190'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1732474458000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1732474458000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"Modern technologies provide advanced knowledge and prepare students for lifelong learning. They affect both education and upbringing. Electronic learning is now inevitable. The main goal is to create a modern school through information technology, and to abandon the current traditional way of working. Electronic learning offers many learning advantages where we will point out some of its most important features in the paper, and we will give guidance on how to apply it through several tasks related to the attitudes and opinions of teachers and students about its use, better results, more motivation for learning and similar. We have come up with a result where students and teachers advocate learning through information technology in classroom teaching and want to apply them in their work. Keywords –Electronic learning, new models of learning, new technologies.","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Mensura Kudumovic"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2022-05-29","dateModified":null,"datePublished":"2018-01-01","headline":"Application of Electronic Learning in the Educational Education Work of the Classroom Teaching and Teaching","inLanguage":"en","keywords":[],"locationCreated":null,"publication":null,"publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":"TEM Journal"},"image":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/80163346/Application_of_Electronic_Learning_in_the_Educational_Education_Work_of_the_Classroom_Teaching_and_Teaching","sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":"unsa-ba"}]}</script><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" 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"https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F80163346%2FApplication_of_Electronic_Learning_in_the_Educational_Education_Work_of_the_Classroom_Teaching_and_Teaching%3Fauto%3Ddownload"; window.loswp.translateUrl = "https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F80163346%2FApplication_of_Electronic_Learning_in_the_Educational_Education_Work_of_the_Classroom_Teaching_and_Teaching%3Fshow_translation%3Dtrue"; window.loswp.previewableAttachments = [{"id":86636893,"identifier":"Attachment_86636893","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":80163346,"created_at":"2022-05-29T00:45:15.471-07:00","from_world_paper_id":206610901,"updated_at":"2023-07-09T07:22:04.687-07:00","_data":{"abstract":"Modern technologies provide advanced knowledge and prepare students for lifelong learning. They affect both education and upbringing. Electronic learning is now inevitable. The main goal is to create a modern school through information technology, and to abandon the current traditional way of working. Electronic learning offers many learning advantages where we will point out some of its most important features in the paper, and we will give guidance on how to apply it through several tasks related to the attitudes and opinions of teachers and students about its use, better results, more motivation for learning and similar. We have come up with a result where students and teachers advocate learning through information technology in classroom teaching and want to apply them in their work. Keywords –Electronic learning, new models of learning, new technologies.","publisher":"TEM Journal","publication_date":"2018,,"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Application of Electronic Learning in the Educational Education Work of the Classroom Teaching and Teaching","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [34148779]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":86636893,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Application of Electronic Learning in the Educational Education Work of the Classroom Teaching and Teaching”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/86636893/mini_magick20220529-3724-1dog3jz.png?1653810359" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Application of Electronic Learning in the Educational Education Work of the Classroom Teaching and Teaching</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34148779" href="https://unsa-ba.academia.edu/httpscholargooglecomcitationsuserssH8yFMAAAAJhlenoiao"><img alt="Profile image of Mensura Kudumovic" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/34148779/10793375/12047162/s65_mensura.kudumovic.jpg" />Mensura Kudumovic</a></div><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2018</p><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Modern technologies provide advanced knowledge and prepare students for lifelong learning. They affect both education and upbringing. Electronic learning is now inevitable. The main goal is to create a modern school through information technology, and to abandon the current traditional way of working. Electronic learning offers many learning advantages where we will point out some of its most important features in the paper, and we will give guidance on how to apply it through several tasks related to the attitudes and opinions of teachers and students about its use, better results, more motivation for learning and similar. We have come up with a result where students and teachers advocate learning through information technology in classroom teaching and want to apply them in their work. Keywords –Electronic learning, new models of learning, new technologies.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":86636893,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/80163346/Application_of_Electronic_Learning_in_the_Educational_Education_Work_of_the_Classroom_Teaching_and_Teaching"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":86636893,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/80163346/Application_of_Electronic_Learning_in_the_Educational_Education_Work_of_the_Classroom_Teaching_and_Teaching"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="86636893" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/80163346/Application_of_Electronic_Learning_in_the_Educational_Education_Work_of_the_Classroom_Teaching_and_Teaching" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="117834130" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/117834130/E_learning_one_of_the_forms_of_learning_in_modern_society_summary_">E-learning – one of the forms of learning in modern society (summary)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="41867" href="https://muni.academia.edu/JiriZounek">Jiri Zounek</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2014</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"E-learning – one of the forms of learning in modern society (summary)","attachmentId":113594837,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/117834130/E_learning_one_of_the_forms_of_learning_in_modern_society_summary_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/117834130/E_learning_one_of_the_forms_of_learning_in_modern_society_summary_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="72786473" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/72786473/The_Importance_of_E_Learning_in_the_Teaching_Processor_Secondary_Schools_Review_Article">The Importance of E-Learning in the Teaching Processor Secondary Schools /Review Article</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="25300752" href="https://zakho.academia.edu/KarwanJacksi">Karwan Jacksi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2021</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This study explores the usefulness of e-learning in teaching in secondary institutions. 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Broad Research in Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience , 2024</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The article investigates the problem of formation of future teachers' readiness to innovative activity, the role of computer technologies as a method of formation of students' information skills in the learning process. Based on the stated and analyzed interpretations of the authors about the concept of "innovations in education", the research position to consider innovation as an important element of education support in a state of dynamic development, adequate to the demands of today's society as a phenomenon of collective or formed individual professional creative activity of a teacher was formulated. 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Also in the article the role of computer technologies as a method of formation of students' information skills in the learning process is studied; e-learning tools as a basic step of realization of digital pedagogical technologies, the structure of the author's system of preparation of university teacher to the application of e-learning tools in professional activity is given.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Computer Technologies as a Method of Forming Students' Information Skills in the Process of Learning","attachmentId":119426150,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/125369724/Computer_Technologies_as_a_Method_of_Forming_Students_Information_Skills_in_the_Process_of_Learning","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/125369724/Computer_Technologies_as_a_Method_of_Forming_Students_Information_Skills_in_the_Process_of_Learning"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="65271260" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/65271260/The_Use_of_Technology_in_Educational_Teaching">The Use of Technology in Educational Teaching</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="41077717" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ArditaCeka">Ardita Ceka</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Education and Practice, 2017</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Today, Information and communication technology has become a way of life in which children are drawn. Today&#39;s children are beginning to use digital tools at a very young age, so that the school should respond to the needs of students. Also today it is impossible for any profession performs without the help of information technology. The computer and the Internet gives us endless possibilities and resources in improving the quality of work.Even in education, computer skills and additional equipment are needed, because they create great opportunities for teachers and inspire curiosity, imagination and interest of students.Teachers should not oppose change, but they should use new technology for better quality teaching and make it more interesting. The use of technology will positively improve results faculty and students.Teachers must carefully plan the use and integration of technology in teaching. How to integrate technology into teaching mainly depends on how many computers has...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Use of Technology in Educational Teaching","attachmentId":76945438,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/65271260/The_Use_of_Technology_in_Educational_Teaching","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/65271260/The_Use_of_Technology_in_Educational_Teaching"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="80036558" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/80036558/BOOK_REVIEW_RESEARCH_ON_E_LEARNING_AND_ICT_IN_EDUCATION_Edited_by_Charalampos_KARAGIANNIDIS_Panagiotis_POLITIS_Ilias_KARASAVVIDIS">BOOK REVIEW RESEARCH ON E-LEARNING AND ICT IN EDUCATION Edited by Charalampos KARAGIANNIDIS, Panagiotis POLITIS, Ilias KARASAVVIDIS</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="18137425" href="https://anadolu.academia.edu/HarunBozna">Harun Bozna</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 2017</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) have had a substantial impact on current society. The way we communicate, work and entertain has changed deeply. Education is one of the fields where ICT applications have been used expansively over the years. Educators have recognized the importance of digital materials since the early days of computers and believed that these materials can be easily managed and distributed to learners to improve the quality of education via multimedia, hyper media and interactivity. The advent of the Internet and the web has given the opportunity to educators to distribute the digital learning materials and support new forms of web-based learning. Accordingly, the development of e-Learning systems, which support sharing of digital learning material and facilitating communication between learners and educators, has become a vital issue in education platforms.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"BOOK REVIEW RESEARCH ON E-LEARNING AND ICT IN EDUCATION Edited by Charalampos KARAGIANNIDIS, Panagiotis POLITIS, Ilias KARASAVVIDIS","attachmentId":86551845,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/80036558/BOOK_REVIEW_RESEARCH_ON_E_LEARNING_AND_ICT_IN_EDUCATION_Edited_by_Charalampos_KARAGIANNIDIS_Panagiotis_POLITIS_Ilias_KARASAVVIDIS","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/80036558/BOOK_REVIEW_RESEARCH_ON_E_LEARNING_AND_ICT_IN_EDUCATION_Edited_by_Charalampos_KARAGIANNIDIS_Panagiotis_POLITIS_Ilias_KARASAVVIDIS"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="44426091" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44426091/Article_ID_IJM_11_10_116_Learning_and_Teaching_through_ICT">Article ID: IJM_11_10_116 Learning and Teaching through ICT</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="39122404" href="https://iaeme.academia.edu/publication">IAEME Publication</a></div><div 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data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="37054292" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37054292/Research_on_e_Learning_and_ICT_in_Educat_pdf">Research+on+e-Learning+and+ICT+in+Educat.pdf</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32353320" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ApostolosParaskevas">Apostolos Paraskevas</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Research+on+e-Learning+and+ICT+in+Educat.pdf","attachmentId":57005193,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/37054292/Research_on_e_Learning_and_ICT_in_Educat_pdf","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/37054292/Research_on_e_Learning_and_ICT_in_Educat_pdf"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="120964034" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/120964034/Use_of_ICT_as_a_Tool_in_Teaching_and_Learning_Practices">Use of ICT as a Tool in Teaching and Learning Practices</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="164920459" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DeshVikas">Desh Vikas Journal</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Desh Vikas 10 (4), 2024</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This paper present the practice of ICT by the teachers in their teaching and also discuss the importance of ICT skills for teachers of this generation. Most of the teacher and teacher educators are still using the traditional methods of teaching and learning, which emphasizes on content. These traditional teaching and learning activities are mainly designed to consolidate and rehearse the content. But , now a days many technologies are associated with the teaching and learning. The students are more aware about the technologies in the present days. This result in communication gap between teacher educators and student teachers. Technology is a tool that can promote greater learning, but only if its use is planned and carried out with a goal in mind. Its use should also address individual fears and hopes and helps all involved in learning. A teacher must know that how and when these tools should be used. In present scenario, when we are focusing on competency, performance, reflection and critical thinking, than effective use of ICT can be an answer to all these requirements of teacher Education in our DIET as well as in our country. Government should organize the mandatory training programs for teachers focused on IT skills development. These programs should cover a wide range of topics, including basic computer literacy, digital content creation, educational software usage, and online teaching methodologies.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Use of ICT as a Tool in Teaching and Learning Practices","attachmentId":115954524,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/120964034/Use_of_ICT_as_a_Tool_in_Teaching_and_Learning_Practices","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/120964034/Use_of_ICT_as_a_Tool_in_Teaching_and_Learning_Practices"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":86636893,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":86636893,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_86636893" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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