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<li id="toc-Royston_Palace" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Royston_Palace"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Royston Palace</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Royston_Palace-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Governance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Governance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Governance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Governance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Town_council" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Town_council"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Town council</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Town_council-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-District_council" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#District_council"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>District council</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-District_council-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-County_council" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#County_council"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>County council</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-County_council-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Administrative history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Royston_Urban_District_(1897–1974)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Royston_Urban_District_(1897–1974)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1</span> <span>Royston Urban District (1897–1974)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Royston_Urban_District_(1897–1974)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Schools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Landmarks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landmarks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Landmarks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Landmarks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Town_partnerships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Town_partnerships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Town partnerships</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Town_partnerships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport_and_leisure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport_and_leisure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Sport and leisure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport_and_leisure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Royston, Hertfordshire</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D8%8C_%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B4%D8%B1" title="رویستون، هرتفوردشر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="رویستون، هرتفوردشر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royston_(lungsod_sa_Hiniusang_Gingharian,_Inglatera,_Hertfordshire,_lat_52,05,_long_-0,02)" title="Royston (lungsod sa Hiniusang Gingharian, Inglatera, Hertfordshire, lat 52,05, long -0,02) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Royston (lungsod sa Hiniusang Gingharian, Inglatera, Hertfordshire, lat 52,05, long -0,02)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royston,_Swydd_Hertford" title="Royston, Swydd Hertford – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Royston, Swydd Hertford" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royston_(Hertfordshire)" title="Royston (Hertfordshire) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Royston (Hertfordshire)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royston_(Hertfordshire)" title="Royston (Hertfordshire) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Royston (Hertfordshire)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royston_(Hertfordshire)" title="Royston (Hertfordshire) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Royston (Hertfordshire)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D8%8C_%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B4%D8%B1" title="رویستون، هرتفوردشر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رویستون، هرتفوردشر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royston_(Hertfordshire)" title="Royston (Hertfordshire) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Royston (Hertfordshire)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royston,_Hertfordshire" title="Royston, Hertfordshire – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Royston, Hertfordshire" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royston_(Hertfordshire)" title="Royston (Hertfordshire) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Royston (Hertfordshire)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royston_(Cambridgeshire)" title="Royston (Cambridgeshire) – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Royston (Cambridgeshire)" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royston" title="Royston – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Royston" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royston_(Hertfordshire)" title="Royston (Hertfordshire) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Royston (Hertfordshire)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royston_i_Hertfordshire" title="Royston i Hertfordshire – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Royston i Hertfordshire" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royston_(Hertfordshire)" title="Royston (Hertfordshire) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Royston (Hertfordshire)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royston,_Hertfordshire" title="Royston, Hertfordshire – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Royston, Hertfordshire" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royston" title="Royston – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Royston" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royston,_Hertfordshire" title="Royston, Hertfordshire – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Royston, Hertfordshire" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royston,_Hertfordshire" title="Royston, Hertfordshire – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Royston, Hertfordshire" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%B9%D9%86%D8%8C%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%B9%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%88%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1" title="روئیسٹن،ہارٹفورڈشائر – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="روئیسٹن،ہارٹفورڈشائر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royston_(Hertfordshire)" title="Royston (Hertfordshire) – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Royston (Hertfordshire)" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q19804#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Royston,_Hertfordshire&params=52.0471_N_0.0202_W_region:GB_type:city(17448)"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">52°02′50″N</span> <span class="longitude">0°01′13″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">52.0471°N 0.0202°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">52.0471; 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.infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1165525471">.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place{border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-label{width:40%}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-above{font-size:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place-other-names{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:3px}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place td,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedrow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}</style><table class="infobox ib-uk-place vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org nowrap">Royston</th></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royston_Church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_977495.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Royston_Church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_977495.jpg/240px-Royston_Church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_977495.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Royston_Church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_977495.jpg/360px-Royston_Church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_977495.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Royston_Church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_977495.jpg/480px-Royston_Church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_977495.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span><div><a href="/wiki/Church_of_St_John_the_Baptist,_Royston,_Hertfordshire" title="Church of St John the Baptist, Royston, Hertfordshire">St John the Baptist, Royston</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:240px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:240px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:240px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hertfordshire_UK_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Royston is located in Hertfordshire"><img alt="Royston is located in Hertfordshire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Hertfordshire_UK_location_map.svg/240px-Hertfordshire_UK_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Hertfordshire_UK_location_map.svg/360px-Hertfordshire_UK_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Hertfordshire_UK_location_map.svg/480px-Hertfordshire_UK_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="992" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:8.58%;left:67.809%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Royston"><img alt="Royston" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Royston</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within <a href="/wiki/Hertfordshire" title="Hertfordshire">Hertfordshire</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population</th><td class="infobox-data">17,448 (2021 Census)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ordnance_Survey_National_Grid" title="Ordnance Survey National Grid">OS grid reference</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bing.com/maps/?mkt=en-gb&v=2&cp=52.047177~-0.022616&lvl=13&sp=Point.52.047177_-0.022616_Royston&sty=s&style=s">TL357406</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Civil_parish" title="Civil parish">Civil parish</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Royston</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_England" title="Districts of England">District</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Hertfordshire" title="North Hertfordshire">North Hertfordshire</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties of England">Shire county</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hertfordshire" title="Hertfordshire">Hertfordshire</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_England" title="Regions of England">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_of_England" title="East of England">East</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow adr"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="country-name"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign state</a></th><td class="infobox-data">United Kingdom</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Post_town" title="Post town">Post town</a></th><td class="infobox-data">ROYSTON</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postcodes_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Postcodes in the United Kingdom">Postcode district</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/SG_postcode_area" title="SG postcode area">SG8</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom">Dialling code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">01763</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_law_enforcement_agencies_in_the_United_Kingdom,_Crown_Dependencies_and_British_Overseas_Territories" title="List of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom, Crown Dependencies and British Overseas Territories">Police</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hertfordshire_Constabulary" title="Hertfordshire Constabulary">Hertfordshire</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Fire services in the United Kingdom">Fire</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hertfordshire_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Hertfordshire Fire and Rescue Service">Hertfordshire</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Emergency_medical_services_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Emergency medical services in the United Kingdom">Ambulance</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/East_of_England_Ambulance_Service" title="East of England Ambulance Service">East of England</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Constituencies_of_the_Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom">UK Parliament</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_East_Hertfordshire_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="North East Hertfordshire (UK Parliament constituency)">North East Hertfordshire</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <dl><dt><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">List of places</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_locations" title="List of United Kingdom locations">UK</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_England" title="List of places in England">England</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_Hertfordshire" title="List of places in Hertfordshire">Hertfordshire</a></dd></dl></div> <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Royston,_Hertfordshire&params=52.0471_N_0.0202_W_region:GB_type:city(17448)"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">52°02′50″N</span> <span class="longitude">0°01′13″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">52.0471°N 0.0202°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">52.0471; -0.0202</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Royston</b> is a town and <a href="/wiki/Civil_parishes_in_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil parishes in England">civil parish</a> in the <a href="/wiki/North_Hertfordshire" title="North Hertfordshire">District of North Hertfordshire</a> and county of <a href="/wiki/Hertfordshire" title="Hertfordshire">Hertfordshire</a> in <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>. </p><p>It is situated on the <a href="/wiki/Prime_meridian_(Greenwich)" title="Prime meridian (Greenwich)">Greenwich Meridian</a>, which brushes the town's eastern boundary, and at the northernmost apex of the county on the same latitude as towns such as <a href="/wiki/Milton_Keynes" title="Milton Keynes">Milton Keynes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ipswich" title="Ipswich">Ipswich</a>. It is about 43 miles (69 km) north of central London in a rural area. </p><p>Before the boundary changes of the 1890s, the boundary between <a href="/wiki/Hertfordshire" title="Hertfordshire">Hertfordshire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cambridgeshire" title="Cambridgeshire">Cambridgeshire</a> ran east–west through the centre of town along the middle of Melbourn Street. The town has a population of 17,448 as of 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royston,_Hertfordshire&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:High_Street,_Royston_-_geograph.org.uk_-_432255.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/High_Street%2C_Royston_-_geograph.org.uk_-_432255.jpg/200px-High_Street%2C_Royston_-_geograph.org.uk_-_432255.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/High_Street%2C_Royston_-_geograph.org.uk_-_432255.jpg/300px-High_Street%2C_Royston_-_geograph.org.uk_-_432255.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/High_Street%2C_Royston_-_geograph.org.uk_-_432255.jpg/400px-High_Street%2C_Royston_-_geograph.org.uk_-_432255.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Looking north along High Street, Royston</figcaption></figure> <p>The town grew at the crossing of two ancient thoroughfares, <a href="/wiki/Ermine_Street" title="Ermine Street">Ermine Street</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Icknield_Way" title="Icknield Way">Icknield Way</a> (cum Ashwell Street); the former was created after the <a href="/wiki/Roman_conquest_of_Britain" title="Roman conquest of Britain">Roman conquest</a>, while the Icknield Way has long been accepted as a prehistoric routeway. The roads are sometimes called military roads as they were prepared or improved by <a href="/wiki/Roman_soldier" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman soldier">Roman soldiers</a> to facilitate access to the hinterland of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Britain" title="Roman Britain">Roman Britain</a>. The path of Icknield Way is occupied by the present day <a href="/wiki/A505_road" title="A505 road">A505</a>, which bypasses the town to the north. The <a href="/wiki/A10_road_(Great_Britain)" class="mw-redirect" title="A10 road (Great Britain)">A10</a> follows the alignment of Ermine Street south of the town but diverts before it reaches the crossroads. The <a href="/wiki/A1198_road" title="A1198 road">A1198</a>, known as the Old North Road follows the alignment of Ermine Street northwards. <a href="/wiki/Tumulus" title="Tumulus">Barrows</a> on <a href="/wiki/Goffers_Knoll" title="Goffers Knoll">Goffers Knoll</a> and <a href="/wiki/Therfield_Heath" title="Therfield Heath">Therfield Heath</a> are evidence of prehistoric settlement. </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Cross" title="Cross">cross</a>, variously known as Royse's, Rohesia's, or <a href="/wiki/Roisia%27s_Cross" title="Roisia's Cross">Roisia's Cross</a>, was erected by the crossroads at an unknown date. It gave the settlement its earliest name of <i>Crux Roesia</i> or Roisia's Cross. By the 14th century this had become <i>Roisia's Town</i>, <i>Roiston</i> or Royston.<sup id="cite_ref-vch_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vch-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-townhistory_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-townhistory-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A large boulder of <a href="/wiki/Gritstone" title="Gritstone">red millstone grit</a>, bearing a square socket, supposed to be the base of the cross, has been placed by the cross roads at the northern end of High Street.<sup id="cite_ref-townhistory_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-townhistory-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Until 1540 Royston was divided between five parishes: <a href="/wiki/Barkway" title="Barkway">Barkway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reed,_Hertfordshire" title="Reed, Hertfordshire">Reed</a> and <a href="/wiki/Therfield" title="Therfield">Therfield</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hertfordshire" title="Hertfordshire">Hertfordshire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Melbourn" title="Melbourn">Melbourn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kneesworth" class="mw-redirect" title="Kneesworth">Kneesworth</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cambridgeshire" title="Cambridgeshire">Cambridgeshire</a>. In that year it became a separate ecclesiastical parish, partly in each county.<sup id="cite_ref-vch_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vch-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ralph de Rochester founded the <a href="/wiki/Augustinians" title="Augustinians">Augustinian</a> priory which originated as a chapel for three canons and was later expanded to seven or more <a href="/wiki/Regular_canons" class="mw-redirect" title="Regular canons">regular canons</a>. Royston had two hospitals or free chapels, as well as the monastery. </p><p>The hospital of <a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">St John</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Becket" title="Thomas Becket">St Thomas</a> was founded for <a href="/wiki/Leprosy" title="Leprosy">lepers</a> in 1224 by Richard Argentine, <a href="/wiki/High_Sheriff_of_Cambridgeshire" title="High Sheriff of Cambridgeshire">Sheriff of Cambridgeshire</a> on the south side of Baldock Street.<sup id="cite_ref-vch_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vch-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The hospital of <a href="/wiki/St_Nicholas" class="mw-redirect" title="St Nicholas">St Nicholas</a> was situated in the Cambridgeshire side of Royston. It was founded in about 1200 probably by Amphelise, a daughter of Richard the Chamberlain. In 1213 <a href="/wiki/John_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="John of England">King John</a> granted a fair to celebrate the feast of St Nicholas (8–9 May). The patronage of the hospital descended to Sir Giles Argentine, <a href="/wiki/Lord_of_the_manor" title="Lord of the manor">lord of the manor</a> of Melbourn, who also held the patronage of the other hospital. In the 14th century, St Nicholas' Hospital was put under the same jurisdiction as that of St John and St Thomas, which were subsequently suppressed in 1547.<sup id="cite_ref-vch_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vch-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cambs48_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cambs48-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The town having lost its monastic charter, the priory site was obtained by Robert Chester, a gentleman of the bedchamber to <a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII" title="Henry VIII">Henry VIII</a>, who set up a market. Much of the town was given over to inns catering for travellers mainly travelling between London and <a href="/wiki/York" title="York">York</a>. After a visit in 1603, <a href="/wiki/James_VI_and_I" title="James VI and I">James VI and I</a> decided to build a palace or hunting lodge in the town.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/William_Cobbett" title="William Cobbett">William Cobbett</a> mentions the town (somewhat gloomily) in his <i><a href="/wiki/Rural_Rides" title="Rural Rides">Rural Rides</a></i>: </p> <blockquote><p>After you quit Ware...the land grows by degrees poorer; the chalk lies nearer and nearer to the surface, till you come to the open common-fields within a few miles of Royston [which] is at the foot of this high poor land; or, rather in a dell, the open side of which looks towards the North. It is a common market town. Not mean, but having nothing of beauty about it... </p></blockquote> <p>Royston had a local bank, called the Royston Bank, from about 1806 to 1896, when it merged into the grouping that became <a href="/wiki/Barclays" title="Barclays">Barclays</a>. It was founded by <a href="/wiki/Edward_King_Fordham" title="Edward King Fordham">Edward King Fordham</a> and others, and the business was run by the influential local Fordham family.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A covered <a href="/wiki/Corn_Exchange,_Royston" title="Corn Exchange, Royston">Corn Exchange</a> was established on Market Hill 1829.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a> parish church of <a href="/wiki/Church_of_St_John_the_Baptist,_Royston,_Hertfordshire" title="Church of St John the Baptist, Royston, Hertfordshire">St John the Baptist</a> was severely damaged by a fire that broke out in the early morning of 9 December 2018, with the blaze destroying part of the roof and bell tower.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Initially thought to be arson, a police investigation later concluded this not to be the case.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The church was reopened in November 2022, almost four years after the fire, with an open day held on 26 November.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Royston_Palace">Royston Palace</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royston,_Hertfordshire&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Royston Palace"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Old_Palace_-_geograph.org.uk_-_977444.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/The_Old_Palace_-_geograph.org.uk_-_977444.jpg/200px-The_Old_Palace_-_geograph.org.uk_-_977444.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/The_Old_Palace_-_geograph.org.uk_-_977444.jpg/300px-The_Old_Palace_-_geograph.org.uk_-_977444.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/The_Old_Palace_-_geograph.org.uk_-_977444.jpg/400px-The_Old_Palace_-_geograph.org.uk_-_977444.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>King James' Palace, Royston</figcaption></figure> <p>On 29 April 1603 <a href="/wiki/James_VI_and_I" title="James VI and I">James VI and I</a>, travelling to Westminster to be crowned as King of England, stayed overnight at the Chester residence. His grandmother <a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Guise" title="Mary of Guise">Mary of Guise</a> had stayed there in 1551.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Attracted by the suitability of the area for hunting, James hired the house for a year. In 1604 he decided to create a royal <a href="/wiki/Hunting_and_shooting_in_the_United_Kingdom#Hunting_lodge" title="Hunting and shooting in the United Kingdom">hunting lodge</a> in the town by demolishing the "Cock" and "Greyhound" inns.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The king's lodgings were completed in 1607 and were described in 1652 as "all of brick well-tiled double-built, in length 78 ft., breadth 43 ft., height from eaves to ground 24 ft., thickness of walls 24 inches."<sup id="cite_ref-vch_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vch-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The buildings were never big enough to cater for a full court, but provided a suitable spot for hunting, near enough to London for convenience and far enough away to deter intrusion. King James ordered a strict prohibition on anyone taking game from within 16 miles (26 km) of Royston, and an elaborate infrastructure was established to support him in the pursuit of his sport. He returned almost every year to hunt and shoot.<sup id="cite_ref-vch_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vch-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Denmark" title="Anne of Denmark">Queen Anne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henry_Frederick,_Prince_of_Wales" title="Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales">Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales</a>, visited the town once, in 1611–1612. The next year, the queen opposed the marriage of her daughter <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_of_Bohemia" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth of Bohemia">Princess Elizabeth</a> to <a href="/wiki/Frederick_V,_Elector_Palatine" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick V, Elector Palatine">Frederick V, Elector Palatine</a>, but the king came to Royston with the <a href="/wiki/Henry_Wilmot,_1st_Earl_of_Rochester" title="Henry Wilmot, 1st Earl of Rochester">Earl of Rochester</a> to negotiate the dowry, and a marriage contract was signed there. Following the marriage, celebrated on <a href="/wiki/St_Valentine%27s_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="St Valentine's Day">St Valentine's Day</a> 1613, the king, <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Prince Charles</a>, and Frederick came to stay at Royston.<sup id="cite_ref-vch_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vch-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>James's successor, <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">King Charles I</a>, visited Royston less often than his father. In June 1647, during the <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="English Civil Wars">English Civil Wars</a>, Charles was brought through the town as a prisoner of the <a href="/wiki/New_Model_Army" title="New Model Army">Parliamentary army</a>. After <a href="/wiki/Execution_of_Charles_I" title="Execution of Charles I">Charles's execution</a>, the royal buildings fell into disrepair. The Crown sold its last interests in the town in 1866.<sup id="cite_ref-vch_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vch-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governance">Governance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royston,_Hertfordshire&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Governance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Royston has three tiers of local government at parish (town), district and county level. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Town_council">Town council</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royston,_Hertfordshire&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Town council"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Royston Town Council was formed in 1974 as the <a href="/wiki/Successor_parish" title="Successor parish">successor parish</a> to Royston Urban District Council. The council consists of fifteen councillors headed by a town mayor. The councillors are elected for three <a href="/wiki/Ward_(politics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ward (politics)">wards</a> named Heath, Meridian and Palace. Among the town council's responsibilities are <a href="/wiki/Allotment_(gardening)" title="Allotment (gardening)">allotments</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royston_Cave" title="Royston Cave">Royston Cave</a>, Royston Museum, local festivals, public halls and the town's war memorial.<sup id="cite_ref-roystontc_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roystontc-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 2007 Royston Town Council was awarded the nationally recognised status of Quality Town Council. This Award confirms that Royston Town Council is run in accordance with the high standards required by the National Association of Local Councils and other government bodies. </p><p> The town council uses the <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">coat of arms</a> granted to the urban district council in 1952.<sup id="cite_ref-roystontc_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roystontc-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Blazon" title="Blazon">blazon</a> of the arms is:</p><blockquote><p><i>Argent a fesse gules thereon another chequy of the first and sable in chief two <a href="/wiki/Tudor_rose" title="Tudor rose">Tudor roses</a> barbed and seeded and in the base a stag trippant the whole surmounting an archiepiscopal staff, all proper. And for a crest on a wreath of the colours, perched upon a representation of the Royse Stone, a hooded crow proper.</i><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The symbols on the shield briefly illustrate the history of the town. The staff is for Royston Priory, the roses for Tudor connections, while James I is represented by the checky fesse of the Stewarts. The hart represents Hertfordshire. The crest depicts a <a href="/wiki/Hooded_crow" title="Hooded crow">hooded crow</a>, known within the region as a "Royston crow".<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He stands on the "Royce Stone" in the town centre.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 2009, the town has had a <a href="/wiki/Business_improvement_district#United_Kingdom" title="Business improvement district">Business Improvement District</a> (BID), branded Royston First.<sup id="cite_ref-Royston_First:_What_is_a_BID_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Royston_First:_What_is_a_BID-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="District_council">District council</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royston,_Hertfordshire&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: District council"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since 1974 Royston has formed part of the non-metropolitan district of <a href="/wiki/North_Hertfordshire" title="North Hertfordshire">North Hertfordshire</a>. The council is based at <a href="/wiki/Letchworth" title="Letchworth">Letchworth</a>, and also includes the towns of <a href="/wiki/Baldock" title="Baldock">Baldock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hitchin" title="Hitchin">Hitchin</a>. There are 49 district councillors elected for 24 wards. The three wards of Royston Heath, Royston Meridian and Royston Palace return two councillors each. As of 2023, three councillors are members of the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Liberal Democrats</a>, two are members of the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a> and one is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="County_council">County council</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royston,_Hertfordshire&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: County council"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Hertfordshire_County_Council" title="Hertfordshire County Council">Hertfordshire County Council</a> has 78 councillors, of which two are elected for Royston and the surrounding area. One of the current councillors (as of 2023) is a member of the majority Conservative group whilst the other is a member of the Liberal Democrat group.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_history">Administrative history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royston,_Hertfordshire&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Administrative history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The parish of Royston was created in 1540 from parts of the parishes of Barkway, Reed and Therfield in Hertfordshire and Melbourn and Kneesworth in Cambridgeshire. The county boundary was not changed at that time, so the new parish straddled Hertfordshire and Cambridgeshire.<sup id="cite_ref-vch_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vch-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1835 the Royston <a href="/wiki/Poor_law_union" title="Poor law union">Poor Law Union</a> was created, covering a number of parishes in Hertfordshire, Cambridgeshire, and Essex. A workhouse was built on Baldock Road in Royston, opening in 1836.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under the <a href="/wiki/Public_Health_Act_1875" title="Public Health Act 1875">Public Health Acts</a> of 1872 and 1875 the <a href="/wiki/Board_of_guardians" title="Board of guardians">board of guardians</a> of the poor law union was given public health and local government responsibilities for the area, which was thereafter also called the Royston <a href="/wiki/Sanitary_district" title="Sanitary district">Rural Sanitary District</a>. In 1878 they applied for powers to create a <a href="/wiki/Drainage_district#Special_drainage_district" title="Drainage district">special drainage district</a> for the town of Royston. By this time the urban area of the town extended beyond the Tudor parish boundaries, and so the special drainage district was drawn to also include parts of the neighbouring parishes of <a href="/wiki/Bassingbourn_cum_Kneesworth" title="Bassingbourn cum Kneesworth">Bassingbourn</a>, Kneesworth, and Melbourn in Cambridgeshire and Therfield in Hertfordshire. The special drainage district came into operation on 16 June 1879.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Royston_Urban_District_(1897–1974)"><span id="Royston_Urban_District_.281897.E2.80.931974.29"></span>Royston Urban District (1897–1974)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royston,_Hertfordshire&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Royston Urban District (1897–1974)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1048730501">.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv td,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-native{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-flagarms,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-flagarms td{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-flagarms table{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-flagarms tbody tr:first-child td{width:50%;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}</style><table class="infobox ib-former-subdiv vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org">Royston</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader category"><a href="/wiki/Urban_district_(Great_Britain_and_Ireland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban district (Great Britain and Ireland)">Urban District</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data ib-former-subdiv-flagarms"><table><tbody><tr><td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royston_Urban_District_Council_coat_of_arms.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/51/Royston_Urban_District_Council_coat_of_arms.jpg/150px-Royston_Urban_District_Council_coat_of_arms.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/51/Royston_Urban_District_Council_coat_of_arms.jpg/225px-Royston_Urban_District_Council_coat_of_arms.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/51/Royston_Urban_District_Council_coat_of_arms.jpg 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="392" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td>Coat of arms</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> • 1901</span></th><td class="infobox-data">3,517</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> • 1971</span></th><td class="infobox-data">8,155<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">History</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> • Created</span></th><td class="infobox-data">1 October 1897</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> • Abolished</span></th><td class="infobox-data">31 March 1974</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> • Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/North_Hertfordshire" title="North Hertfordshire">North Hertfordshire</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> • <a href="/wiki/Administrative_centre" title="Administrative centre">HQ</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">Royston</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Contained within</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> • County Council</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hertfordshire_County_Council" title="Hertfordshire County Council">Hertfordshire</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Under the <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_1894" title="Local Government Act 1894">Local Government Act 1894</a> rural sanitary districts became rural districts from 28 December 1894. Where rural sanitary districts straddled county boundaries, as Royston Rural Sanitary District did, they were to be split into separate rural districts in each county, unless boundaries were otherwise adjusted. A joint committee of Hertfordshire and Cambridgeshire County Councils held inquiries during 1894 trying to reach agreement as to how best to deal with Royston. No solution that would keep the town together could be found that was acceptable to the two county councils. Therefore, when the Local Government Act came into force at the end of the year, Royston parish was split along the county boundary through the middle of the town into a Royston (Hertfordshire) parish and a Royston (Cambridgeshire) parish. </p><p>The Hertfordshire parts of the Royston Rural Sanitary District, including the Royston (Hertfordshire) parish, became the <a href="/wiki/Ashwell_Rural_District" title="Ashwell Rural District">Ashwell Rural District</a>, whilst the Cambridgeshire and Essex parts of the rural sanitary district, including the Royston (Cambridgeshire) parish, became the <a href="/wiki/Melbourn_Rural_District" title="Melbourn Rural District">Melbourn Rural District</a>. The Royston Special Drainage District was likewise split into a North Royston Special Drainage District and a South Royston Special Drainage District, with the two areas being administered by the new rural district councils.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The question of how the town of Royston should be governed took another couple of years to resolve. Competing proposals were put forward from the two county councils, with both Cambridgeshire and Hertfordshire wanting the whole town.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eventually, the <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Board" title="Local Government Board">Local Government Board</a> directed that town should all be placed in Hertfordshire, and on 30 September 1896 the parish of Royston (Cambridgeshire) and the parts of the Cambridgeshire parishes of Bassingbourn, Kneesworth, and Melbourn that were within the North Royston Special Drainage District were transferred to Hertfordshire. As a temporary measure, these areas became the parishes of North Royston, South Bassingbourn, South Kneesworth, and South Melbourn, and were all included within the Ashwell Rural District pending such time as Hertfordshire County Council was able to establish an <a href="/wiki/Urban_district_(Great_Britain_and_Ireland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban district (Great Britain and Ireland)">urban district</a> for the town.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 1 October 1897, a year and a day after the county boundary change, an urban district was established for Royston, at which point Royston ceased to be part of the Ashwell Rural District. The new urban district of Royston covered the parishes of Royston, North Royston, South Bassingbourn, South Kneesworth, South Melbourn, and the part of Therfield parish in the South Royston Special Drainage District, in effect giving the new council the same boundaries as the original special drainage district of 1879. The area also became a single parish called Royston, governed by the urban district council.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Royston_Picture_Palace.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Royston_Picture_Palace.jpg/220px-Royston_Picture_Palace.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Royston_Picture_Palace.jpg/330px-Royston_Picture_Palace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Royston_Picture_Palace.jpg/440px-Royston_Picture_Palace.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5097" data-file-height="3770" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Royston_Town_Hall" title="Royston Town Hall">Royston Town Hall</a>, Melbourn Street, Royston</figcaption></figure><p>Royston Urban District Council held its first meeting on 1 October 1897 at the Institute on Melbourn Street. The first chairman of the council was Joseph Phillips, a <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative</a>, who was also the chairman of the Royston Board of Guardians and the Ashwell Rural District Council.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Royston Urban District Council purchased the Institute in 1900, renaming it <a href="/wiki/Royston_Town_Hall" title="Royston Town Hall">Royston Town Hall</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A coat of arms was granted to Royston Urban District Council on 19 May 1952.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Royston Urban District Council was abolished under the <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_1972" title="Local Government Act 1972">Local Government Act 1972</a>, becoming part of <a href="/wiki/North_Hertfordshire" title="North Hertfordshire">North Hertfordshire</a> on 1 April 1974. Royston Town Council was created on the same day as a <a href="/wiki/Successor_parish" title="Successor parish">successor parish</a> to the former urban district council. The Town Council continues to be based at Royston Town Hall.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royston,_Hertfordshire&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The town lies on the northern slopes of the Hertfordshire Chalk Downs.<sup id="cite_ref-vch_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vch-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Greenwich Meridian, which passes through the town, is identified by a signpost on the north side of Newmarket Road.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royston,_Hertfordshire&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Royston sits at the junction of the <a href="/wiki/A10_road_(Great_Britain)" class="mw-redirect" title="A10 road (Great Britain)">A10</a> and <a href="/wiki/A505_road" title="A505 road">A505</a> roads, both of which are important road links through Hertfordshire and beyond. The town is also convenient for fast links to London and the north, as it is only a short distance from both the <a href="/wiki/A1_road_(Great_Britain)" title="A1 road (Great Britain)">A1(M)</a> and <a href="/wiki/M11_motorway" title="M11 motorway">M11</a> motorways. </p><p>Nearby air transport links include <a href="/wiki/Luton_Airport" title="Luton Airport">Luton Airport</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stansted_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Stansted Airport">Stansted Airport</a>, both of which are major air hubs in the <a href="/wiki/South_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="South of England">South of England</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Royston_railway_station" title="Royston railway station">Royston railway station</a> provides direct commuter links to both <a href="/wiki/London_King%27s_Cross_railway_station" title="London King's Cross railway station">London Kings Cross</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_railway_station" title="Cambridge railway station">Cambridge railway station</a>. It is on the <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge Line">Cambridge Line</a> and is a stopping point for regular services operated by <a href="/wiki/Govia_Thameslink_Railway" title="Govia Thameslink Railway">Govia Thameslink Railway</a>. </p><p>A new rail crossing for pedestrians and cyclists was opened in 2012. The £3.25 million subway links the northern part of the town with the leisure centre and the main complex of schools at the 'Coombes Hole' allotment gardens area.<sup id="cite_ref-HCC_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HCC-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2007 the scheme became one of 79 <a href="/wiki/Sustrans" title="Sustrans">Sustrans</a> <a href="/wiki/Connect2" title="Connect2">Connect2</a> projects to receive <a href="/wiki/Big_Lottery_Fund" class="mw-redirect" title="Big Lottery Fund">Big Lottery</a> funding.<sup id="cite_ref-C2_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-C2-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Schools">Schools</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royston,_Hertfordshire&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Schools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Royston's schools are arranged as follows: </p> <ul><li>First Schools (Years Reception–4) : <a href="/wiki/Icknield_Walk_First_School" title="Icknield Walk First School">Icknield Walk First School</a>; Roman Way Academy; Studlands Rise First School; Tannery Drift First School.</li> <li>Middle and Upper schools (Years 5–11): <a href="/wiki/King_James_Academy_Royston" title="King James Academy Royston">King James Academy Royston</a> (formed as a combination of <a href="/wiki/Greneway_Middle_School,_Royston" title="Greneway Middle School, Royston">Greneway Middle School</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roysia_Middle_School&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roysia Middle School (page does not exist)">Roysia Middle School</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Meridian_School,_Royston" title="Meridian School, Royston">Meridian School</a>)</li> <li>Additionally there is St Mary's Roman Catholic Primary School (Years N-6)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royston,_Hertfordshire&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Local news and television programmes are provided by <a href="/wiki/BBC_East" title="BBC East">BBC East</a> and <a href="/wiki/ITV_Anglia" title="ITV Anglia">ITV Anglia</a>. Television signals are received from the <a href="/wiki/Sandy_Heath_transmitting_station" title="Sandy Heath transmitting station">Sandy Heath</a> TV transmitter.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The town is covered by both <a href="/wiki/BBC_Three_Counties_Radio" title="BBC Three Counties Radio">BBC Three Counties Radio</a> and <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Cambridgeshire" title="BBC Radio Cambridgeshire">BBC Radio Cambridgeshire</a>. Other radio stations including <a href="/wiki/Heart_Hertfordshire" title="Heart Hertfordshire">Heart Hertfordshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Star_Radio_(Cambridge_and_Ely)" title="Star Radio (Cambridge and Ely)">Star Radio</a>, and Royston Radio, a community based station.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Royston_Crow_(newspaper)" title="Royston Crow (newspaper)">Royston Crow</a></i> is the town's local weekly newspaper which publishes on Thursdays. <sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Landmarks">Landmarks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royston,_Hertfordshire&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Landmarks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Royston_Cave.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Royston_Cave.jpg/280px-Royston_Cave.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Royston_Cave.jpg/420px-Royston_Cave.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Royston_Cave.jpg/560px-Royston_Cave.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1248" data-file-height="1008" /></a><figcaption>One of the carvings from the <a href="/wiki/Royston_Cave" title="Royston Cave">Royston Cave</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The public open space and nature reserve of <a href="/wiki/Therfield_Heath" title="Therfield Heath">Therfield Heath</a> (also known as Royston Heath) overlooks the town from a hill to the south-west. The <a href="/wiki/Icknield_Way_Path" title="Icknield Way Path">Icknield Way Path</a> passes through the village on its journey of 110 miles (180 km) from <a href="/wiki/Ivinghoe_Beacon" title="Ivinghoe Beacon">Ivinghoe Beacon</a> in Buckinghamshire to <a href="/wiki/Knettishall_Heath" title="Knettishall Heath">Knettishall Heath</a> in Suffolk. </p><p>In 1742 a strange cave carved out of the chalk was discovered in the centre of Royston. <a href="/wiki/Royston_Cave" title="Royston Cave">Royston Cave</a> is located underneath the central crossroads of the town. The carvings in the cave have led to much speculation about the origin and function of the cave.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Popular_culture">Popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royston,_Hertfordshire&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Royston Arts Festival was revived in 2007 and now runs annually around the last week of September or the first week of October.<sup id="cite_ref-Royston_Arts_Festival_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Royston_Arts_Festival-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Royston Town Band is a <a href="/wiki/Brass_band_(British_style)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brass band (British style)">brass band</a> that was founded in the mid-19th century as the Royston Volunteer Band. The band celebrated its 150th anniversary in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i>Battle of Royston</i> was a fictional battle in <a href="/wiki/William_Le_Queux" title="William Le Queux">William Le Queux</a>' <i><a href="/wiki/The_Invasion_of_1910" title="The Invasion of 1910">The Invasion of 1910</a></i>. The book describes how a <a href="/wiki/Imperial_German_Army" title="Imperial German Army">German Army</a> invades England through <a href="/wiki/East_Anglia" title="East Anglia">East Anglia</a> and marches on London. Royston is where a battle takes place which fails to halt their advance. </p><p>In the 1965 fictional children's television series, <i><a href="/wiki/Thunderbirds_(TV_series)" title="Thunderbirds (TV series)">Thunderbirds</a></i>, one eccentric puppet character who was involved in a rescue mission was called Deborah the Duchess of Royston. The episode was called "<a href="/wiki/The_Duchess_Assignment" title="The Duchess Assignment">The Duchess Assignment</a>". </p><p>Royston was the home town of writer <a href="/wiki/Geoff_McQueen" title="Geoff McQueen">Geoff McQueen</a> who devised the 1980s TV series <a href="/wiki/The_Bill" title="The Bill">The Bill</a>. The fictional home station Sun Hill was named after the Royston street of the same name. </p><p>Royston is a named location toward the end of the novel <a href="/wiki/About_a_Boy_(novel)" title="About a Boy (novel)">About a Boy</a>, but is not named in the film adaptation. </p><p>Royston is the hometown of Dr. Sharon on <a href="/wiki/Ted_Lasso" title="Ted Lasso">Ted Lasso</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Town_partnerships">Town partnerships</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royston,_Hertfordshire&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Town partnerships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Royston and District Twinning Association coordinates <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">twinning relationships</a> with the following partner towns:<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gro%C3%9Falmerode" title="Großalmerode">Großalmerode</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hessen" class="mw-redirect" title="Hessen">Hessen</a>, Germany</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Loupe" title="La Loupe">La Loupe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eure-et-Loir" title="Eure-et-Loir">Eure-et-Loir</a>, France</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villanueva_de_la_Ca%C3%B1ada" title="Villanueva de la Cañada">Villanueva de la Cañada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Comunidad_de_Madrid" class="mw-redirect" title="Comunidad de Madrid">Comunidad de Madrid</a>, Spain</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport_and_leisure">Sport and leisure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royston,_Hertfordshire&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Sport and leisure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Royston Golf Club is situated on the Therfield Heath and was established in 1892. Has 18 holes, a range of practice facilities, pro shop and welcoming clubhouse. </p><p>Royston has a <a href="/wiki/Non-League_football" title="Non-League football">Non-League football</a> club, <a href="/wiki/Royston_Town_F.C." title="Royston Town F.C.">Royston Town F.C.</a>, which plays at Garden Walk. The football club currently plays in the Southern League Premier Division Central league. </p><p>Royston Sports Club, situated on the heath, is the home to the town's tennis, squash, hockey and rugby clubs, as well as youth football. Royston Rugby Club's 1st XV play in the Herts/Middlesex 1st division<sup id="cite_ref-RUFC_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RUFC-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – its Girls' U15 side won the Herts Shield in 2011 and 2012. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royston,_Hertfordshire&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several notable people originate from Royston, including: </p> <ul><li>Trumpeter <a href="/wiki/Alison_Balsom" title="Alison Balsom">Alison Balsom</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Blues singer/guitarist <a href="/wiki/Danny_Bryant" title="Danny Bryant">Danny Bryant</a>.</li> <li>Singing coach <a href="/wiki/Carrie_Grant" title="Carrie Grant">Carrie Grant</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Television screenwriter <a href="/wiki/Geoff_McQueen" title="Geoff McQueen">Geoff McQueen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Husband and wife <a href="/wiki/William_Barrington-Coupe" title="William Barrington-Coupe">William Barrington-Coupe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joyce_Hatto" title="Joyce Hatto">Joyce Hatto</a>, perpetrators of "the greatest hoax in classical music", moved to the town.<sup id="cite_ref-The_New_Yorker_17_September_2007_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_New_Yorker_17_September_2007-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Royston_Crow_1_March_2012_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Royston_Crow_1_March_2012-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Boston_Globe_21_August_2005_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boston_Globe_21_August_2005-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BBC_Loving_Miss_Hatto_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_Loving_Miss_Hatto-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A film was made by <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Wood" title="Victoria Wood">Victoria Wood</a> about their life together in 2012 called <i><a href="/wiki/Loving_Miss_Hatto" title="Loving Miss Hatto">Loving Miss Hatto</a></i>.</li> <li>Theologian, and founder of <a href="/wiki/Presbyterianism" title="Presbyterianism">Presbyterianism</a> in England, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cartwright_(Puritan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Cartwright (Puritan)">Thomas Cartwright</a>, is reported to have been born in Royston,<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and fellow theologian <a href="/wiki/Edward_Stallybrass" title="Edward Stallybrass">Edward Stallybrass</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Morton_(theatre_manager)" title="William Morton (theatre manager)">William Morton</a>, theatre manager, born in 1838, grew up in Royston. Morton Street was named after his father, George, a leading light in the Royston Tradesmens' Benefit Society.</li> <li>Theatre director <a href="/wiki/Robin_Belfield" title="Robin Belfield">Robin Belfield</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and meteorologist <a href="/wiki/Simon_King_(meteorologist)" title="Simon King (meteorologist)">Simon King</a> grew up in Royston.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Poet <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Peyton_(poet)" title="Thomas Peyton (poet)">Thomas Peyton</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and anatomical modeller <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Towne" title="Joseph Towne">Joseph Towne</a> were both born in the town.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Astronomer and mathematician <a href="/wiki/Henry_Andrews_(mathematician)" title="Henry Andrews (mathematician)">Henry Andrews</a> moved to Royston in 1766 and is buried in the graveyard of St John's Church.<sup id="cite_ref-townhistory_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-townhistory-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>British author <a href="/wiki/Helen_Bailey" title="Helen Bailey">Helen Bailey</a> was a resident of the town at the time of her murder in April 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Kefford" title="Thomas Kefford">Thomas Kefford</a> (<a href="/wiki/Floruit" title="Floruit">fl.</a> 1710–1750), a noted English clockmaker, ran his business at <i>The Dial</i>, Fore Street, in Royston.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royston,_Hertfordshire&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.citypopulation.de/en/uk/eastofengland/hertfordshire/E63003814%20royston/">Census</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.citypopulation.de/en/uk/eastofengland/hertfordshire/E63003814__royston/">"Royston (Hertfordshire, East of England, United Kingdom) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map, Location, Weather and Web Information"</a>. <i>www.citypopulation.de</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.citypopulation.de&rft.atitle=Royston+%28Hertfordshire%2C+East+of+England%2C+United+Kingdom%29+-+Population+Statistics%2C+Charts%2C+Map%2C+Location%2C+Weather+and+Web+Information&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.citypopulation.de%2Fen%2Fuk%2Feastofengland%2Fhertfordshire%2FE63003814__royston%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyston%2C+Hertfordshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vch-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-vch_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vch_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vch_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vch_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vch_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vch_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vch_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vch_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vch_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vch_3-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=43614">"Parishes: Royston"</a>. <i>A History of the County of Hertford: volume 3</i>. British History Online. 1912<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=A+History+of+the+County+of+Hertford%3A+volume+3&rft.atitle=Parishes%3A+Royston&rft.date=1912&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.british-history.ac.uk%2Freport.aspx%3Fcompid%3D43614&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyston%2C+Hertfordshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-townhistory-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-townhistory_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-townhistory_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-townhistory_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visionwebsites.co.uk/Contents/Text/Index.asp?SiteId=421&SiteExtra=6138782&TopNavId=385&NavSideId=8303">"History of Royston"</a>. Royston Town council<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+Royston&rft.pub=Royston+Town+council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.visionwebsites.co.uk%2FContents%2FText%2FIndex.asp%3FSiteId%3D421%26SiteExtra%3D6138782%26TopNavId%3D385%26NavSideId%3D8303&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyston%2C+Hertfordshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cambs48-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cambs48_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=40025">"Hospitals: St Nicholas Royston"</a>. <i>A History of the County of Cambridge and the Isle of Ely: Volume 2</i>. British History Online. 1948<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=A+History+of+the+County+of+Cambridge+and+the+Isle+of+Ely%3A+Volume+2&rft.atitle=Hospitals%3A+St+Nicholas+Royston&rft.date=1948&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.british-history.ac.uk%2Freport.aspx%3Fcompid%3D40025&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyston%2C+Hertfordshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.royalpalaces.com/palaces/royston/">Royston: Royal Palaces, Simon Thurley</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllan_Whitaker2006" class="citation book cs1">Allan Whitaker (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rglxG7g4CNgC&pg=PA32"><i>Brewers in Hertfordshire</i></a>. Univ of Hertfordshire Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">31–</span>2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9542189-7-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9542189-7-3"><bdi>978-0-9542189-7-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Brewers+in+Hertfordshire&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E31-%3C%2Fspan%3E2&rft.pub=Univ+of+Hertfordshire+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-9542189-7-3&rft.au=Allan+Whitaker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrglxG7g4CNgC%26pg%3DPA32&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyston%2C+Hertfordshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Timothy D. 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Michael Hogan. 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globaltwitcher.com/artspec_information.asp?thingid=26307"><i>Hooded Crow: Corvus cornix</i>, GlobalTwitcher.com, ed, N. Stromberg</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101126090957/http://www.globaltwitcher.com/artspec_information.asp?thingid=26307">Archived</a> 26 November 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">C Wilfrid Scott-Giles, <i>Civic Heraldry of England and Wales</i>, 2nd edition, London, 1953</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Royston_First:_What_is_a_BID-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Royston_First:_What_is_a_BID_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.roystonfirst.com/#what_is_royston_first">"What is Royston First? What is a BID?"</a>. <i>Royston First</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Royston+First&rft.atitle=What+is+Royston+First%3F+What+is+a+BID%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.roystonfirst.com%2F%23what_is_royston_first&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyston%2C+Hertfordshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.north-herts.gov.uk/your-councillors">"Your councillors | North Herts Council"</a>. <i>www.north-herts.gov.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.north-herts.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Your+councillors+%7C+North+Herts+Council&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.north-herts.gov.uk%2Fyour-councillors&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyston%2C+Hertfordshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://democracy.hertfordshire.gov.uk/mgMemberIndex.aspx?FN=WARD&VW=LIST&PIC=0">"Your Councillors"</a>. 23 August 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Your+Councillors&rft.date=2019-08-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdemocracy.hertfordshire.gov.uk%2FmgMemberIndex.aspx%3FFN%3DWARD%26VW%3DLIST%26PIC%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyston%2C+Hertfordshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHigginbotham" class="citation web cs1">Higginbotham, Peter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.workhouses.org.uk/Royston/">"Royston Poor Law Union"</a>. <i>The Workhouse</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Workhouse&rft.atitle=Royston+Poor+Law+Union&rft.aulast=Higginbotham&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.workhouses.org.uk%2FRoyston%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyston%2C+Hertfordshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Royston Board of Guardians, <i>Cambridge Independent Press</i>, 17 August 1878, page 8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Royston Special Drainage District, <i>Herts and Cambs Reporter and Royston Crow</i>, 13 June 1879, page 4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10001705">"Royston UD, <i>A Vision of Britain through Time</i>"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Royston+UD%2C+A+Vision+of+Britain+through+Time&rft.pub=GB+Historical+GIS+%2F+University+of+Portsmouth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.visionofbritain.org.uk%2Funit%2F10001705&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyston%2C+Hertfordshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The County Council joint committee and the town of Royston, <i>Herts and Cambs Reporter and Royston Crow</i>, 14 September 1894, page 8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sqAaAQAAIAAJ"><i>Annual Report of the Local Government Board 1894–1895</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2021</span>. <q>The Cambridge, Essex, and Hertford (Royston) Confirmation Order, 1894</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Annual+Report+of+the+Local+Government+Board+1894%E2%80%931895&rft.place=London&rft.pages=236&rft.pub=Her+Majesty%27s+Stationery+Office&rft.date=1895&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsqAaAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyston%2C+Hertfordshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Herts and Cambs Reporter and Royston Crow</i>, 5 April 1895, page 4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The New County Boundary, <i>Herts and Cambs Reporter and Royston Crow</i>, 18 September 1896, page 8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Local Government Board Order P 1173</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Royston Union: Rural District of Ashwell, <i>Herts and Cambs Reporter and Royston Crow</i>, 26 March 1897, page 5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=20swAQAAMAAJ&q=Local+Government+Board+Order+1897+Royston"><i>Annual Report of the Local Government Board</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2021</span>. <q>The County of Hertford (Royston Urban District and Parish) Confirmation Order, 1897, No. 36,608, coming into force 1 October 1897</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Annual+Report+of+the+Local+Government+Board&rft.place=London&rft.pages=283%2C+289&rft.pub=Her+Majesty%27s+Stationery+Office&rft.date=1898&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D20swAQAAMAAJ%26q%3DLocal%2BGovernment%2BBoard%2BOrder%2B1897%2BRoyston&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyston%2C+Hertfordshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Royston: Urban District Council: The First Meeting, <i>Herts and Cambs Reporter and Royston Crow</i>, 8 October 1897, page 8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.roystontown.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/2016-10-RT-Town-Trail-WEB.pdf">"Royston Town Trail"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Royston Town Council</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sustransconnect2.org.uk/schemes/project_detail.php?id=98">the original</a> on 18 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Royston+railway+crossing&rft.pub=Sustrans&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sustransconnect2.org.uk%2Fschemes%2Fproject_detail.php%3Fid%3D98&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyston%2C+Hertfordshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ukfree.tv/transmitters/tv/Sandy_Heath">"Full Freeview on the Sandy Heath (Central Bedfordshire, England) transmitter"</a>. <i>UK Free TV</i>. 1 May 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.roystonartsfest.org/robin_belfield_workshop.htm">the original</a> on 27 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Event%3A+Robin+Belfield+workshop&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.roystonartsfest.org%2Frobin_belfield_workshop.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyston%2C+Hertfordshire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100125212728/http://news.bbc.co.uk/weather/hi/about/newsid_7844000/7844701.stm">"Simon King"</a>. BBC Weather. 17 December 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/weather/hi/about/newsid_7844000/7844701.stm">the original</a> on 25 January 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Oxford University Press. 2004. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F27600">10.1093/ref:odnb/27600</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=John+Maynard%2C+Towne%2C+Joseph+%281806%E2%80%931879%29&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F27600&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2Fview%2Farticle%2F27600&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyston%2C+Hertfordshire" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/523">"Patrick Curry, <i>Andrews, Henry (1744–1820)</i>"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F523">10.1093/ref:odnb/523</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hertfordshire" title="Template:Hertfordshire"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hertfordshire" title="Template talk:Hertfordshire"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hertfordshire" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hertfordshire"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ceremonial_county_of_Hertfordshire279" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="category"><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England" title="Ceremonial counties of England">Ceremonial county</a></span> of <span class="fn org region"><a href="/wiki/Hertfordshire" title="Hertfordshire">Hertfordshire</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Boroughs or districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Broxbourne" title="Borough of Broxbourne">Broxbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacorum" title="Dacorum">Dacorum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Hertfordshire" title="East Hertfordshire">East Hertfordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hertsmere" title="Hertsmere">Hertsmere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Hertfordshire" title="North Hertfordshire">North Hertfordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Albans_City_and_District" class="mw-redirect" title="St Albans City and District">City of St Albans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stevenage" title="Stevenage">Stevenage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Rivers_District" title="Three Rivers District">Three Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watford" title="Watford">Watford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welwyn_Hatfield" title="Welwyn Hatfield">Welwyn Hatfield</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major settlements<br />(cities in italics)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baldock" title="Baldock">Baldock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkhamsted" title="Berkhamsted">Berkhamsted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop%27s_Stortford" title="Bishop's Stortford">Bishop's Stortford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borehamwood" title="Borehamwood">Borehamwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broxbourne" title="Broxbourne">Broxbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buntingford" title="Buntingford">Buntingford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushey" title="Bushey">Bushey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheshunt" title="Cheshunt">Cheshunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chorleywood" title="Chorleywood">Chorleywood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpenden" title="Harpenden">Harpenden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatfield,_Hertfordshire" title="Hatfield, Hertfordshire">Hatfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemel_Hempstead" title="Hemel Hempstead">Hemel Hempstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hertford" title="Hertford">Hertford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitchin" title="Hitchin">Hitchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoddesdon" title="Hoddesdon">Hoddesdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letchworth" title="Letchworth">Letchworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potters_Bar" title="Potters Bar">Potters Bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rickmansworth" title="Rickmansworth">Rickmansworth</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Royston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawbridgeworth" title="Sawbridgeworth">Sawbridgeworth</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/St_Albans" title="St Albans">St Albans</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stevenage" title="Stevenage">Stevenage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tring" title="Tring">Tring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waltham_Cross" title="Waltham Cross">Waltham Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ware,_Hertfordshire" title="Ware, Hertfordshire">Ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watford" title="Watford">Watford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welwyn_Garden_City" title="Welwyn Garden City">Welwyn Garden City</a><br /><i>See also:</i> <b><a href="/wiki/List_of_civil_parishes_in_Hertfordshire" title="List of civil parishes in Hertfordshire">List of civil parishes in Hertfordshire</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hertfordshire_County_Council" title="Hertfordshire County Council">Hertfordshire County Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hertfordshire_County_Council_elections" title="Hertfordshire County Council elections">Elections</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Hertfordshire" title="Flag of Hertfordshire">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_constituencies_in_Hertfordshire" title="Parliamentary constituencies in Hertfordshire">Parliamentary constituencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hertfordshire_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Hertfordshire (European Parliament constituency)">European Parliament constituency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hertfordshire_boundary_changes" title="List of Hertfordshire boundary changes">Boundary changes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_Hertfordshire" title="List of places in Hertfordshire">Places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_settlements_in_Hertfordshire_by_population" title="List of settlements in Hertfordshire by population">Settlements by population</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lost_settlements_in_Hertfordshire" title="List of lost settlements in Hertfordshire">Lost settlements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sites_of_Special_Scientific_Interest_in_Hertfordshire" title="List of Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Hertfordshire">SSSIs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grade_I_listed_buildings_in_Hertfordshire" title="Grade I listed buildings in Hertfordshire">Grade I listed buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grade_II*_listed_buildings_in_Hertfordshire" title="Grade II* listed buildings in Hertfordshire">Grade II* listed buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scheduled_monuments_in_Hertfordshire" title="Scheduled monuments in Hertfordshire">Scheduled monuments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Hertfordshire" title="History of Hertfordshire">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Hertfordshire" title="Lord Lieutenant of Hertfordshire">Lord Lieutenants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Sheriff_of_Hertfordshire" title="High Sheriff of Hertfordshire">High Sheriffs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Hertfordshire" title="List of schools in Hertfordshire">Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Hertfordshire" title="List of museums in Hertfordshire">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_windmills_in_Hertfordshire" title="List of windmills in Hertfordshire">Windmills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_King_George_V_Playing_Fields_in_Hertfordshire" title="List of King George V Playing Fields in Hertfordshire">King George V Playing Fields</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Civil_parishes_in_Hertfordshire896" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Civil_parishes_of_Hertfordshire" title="Template:Civil parishes of Hertfordshire"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Civil_parishes_of_Hertfordshire" title="Template talk:Civil parishes of Hertfordshire"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Civil_parishes_of_Hertfordshire" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Civil parishes of Hertfordshire"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Civil_parishes_in_Hertfordshire896" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_civil_parishes_in_Hertfordshire" title="List of civil parishes in Hertfordshire">Civil parishes</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hertfordshire" title="Hertfordshire">Hertfordshire</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dacorum" title="Dacorum">Dacorum</a> <span class="nobold">(partly parished)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aldbury" title="Aldbury">Aldbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkhamsted" title="Berkhamsted">Berkhamsted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bovingdon" title="Bovingdon">Bovingdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chipperfield" title="Chipperfield">Chipperfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flamstead" title="Flamstead">Flamstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flaunden" title="Flaunden">Flaunden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Gaddesden" title="Great Gaddesden">Great Gaddesden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kings_Langley" title="Kings Langley">Kings Langley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Gaddesden" title="Little Gaddesden">Little Gaddesden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markyate" title="Markyate">Markyate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nash_Mills" title="Nash Mills">Nash Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nettleden_with_Potten_End" title="Nettleden with Potten End">Nettleden with Potten End</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northchurch" title="Northchurch">Northchurch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tring" title="Tring">Tring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tring_Rural" title="Tring Rural">Tring Rural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wigginton,_Hertfordshire" title="Wigginton, Hertfordshire">Wigginton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Hertfordshire" title="East Hertfordshire">East Hertfordshire</a> <span class="nobold">(wholly parished)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albury,_Hertfordshire" title="Albury, Hertfordshire">Albury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anstey,_Hertfordshire" title="Anstey, Hertfordshire">Anstey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardeley" title="Ardeley">Ardeley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspenden" title="Aspenden">Aspenden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aston,_Hertfordshire" title="Aston, Hertfordshire">Aston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayford,_Hertfordshire" title="Bayford, Hertfordshire">Bayford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengeo_Rural" title="Bengeo Rural">Bengeo Rural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benington,_Hertfordshire" title="Benington, Hertfordshire">Benington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop%27s_Stortford" title="Bishop's Stortford">Bishop's Stortford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bramfield,_Hertfordshire" title="Bramfield, Hertfordshire">Bramfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braughing" title="Braughing">Braughing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brent_Pelham" title="Brent Pelham">Brent Pelham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brickendon" title="Brickendon">Brickendon Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckland,_Hertfordshire" title="Buckland, Hertfordshire">Buckland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buntingford" title="Buntingford">Buntingford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cottered" title="Cottered">Cottered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datchworth" title="Datchworth">Datchworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastwick,_Hertfordshire" title="Eastwick, Hertfordshire">Eastwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilston" title="Gilston">Gilston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furneux_Pelham" title="Furneux Pelham">Furneux Pelham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Amwell" title="Great Amwell">Great Amwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Munden" title="Great Munden">Great Munden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hertford" title="Hertford">Hertford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hertford_Heath" title="Hertford Heath">Hertford Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hertingfordbury" title="Hertingfordbury">Hertingfordbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Wych" title="High Wych">High Wych</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hormead" title="Hormead">Hormead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunsdon" title="Hunsdon">Hunsdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Berkhamsted" title="Little Berkhamsted">Little Berkhamsted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Hadham" title="Little Hadham">Little Hadham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Munden" title="Little Munden">Little Munden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meesden" title="Meesden">Meesden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Much_Hadham" title="Much Hadham">Much Hadham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacombe" title="Sacombe">Sacombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawbridgeworth" title="Sawbridgeworth">Sawbridgeworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standon,_Hertfordshire" title="Standon, Hertfordshire">Standon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanstead_Abbotts" title="Stanstead Abbotts">Stanstead Abbots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanstead_St_Margarets" title="Stanstead St Margarets">Stanstead St Margarets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stapleford,_Hertfordshire" title="Stapleford, Hertfordshire">Stapleford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stocking_Pelham" title="Stocking Pelham">Stocking Pelham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tewin" title="Tewin">Tewin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorley,_Hertfordshire" title="Thorley, Hertfordshire">Thorley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thundridge" title="Thundridge">Thundridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walkern" title="Walkern">Walkern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ware,_Hertfordshire" title="Ware, Hertfordshire">Ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wareside" title="Wareside">Wareside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watton-at-Stone" title="Watton-at-Stone">Watton-at-Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westmill" title="Westmill">Westmill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Widford,_Hertfordshire" title="Widford, Hertfordshire">Widford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyddial" title="Wyddial">Wyddial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hertsmere" title="Hertsmere">Hertsmere</a> <span class="nobold">(partly parished)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aldenham" title="Aldenham">Aldenham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elstree_and_Borehamwood" title="Elstree and Borehamwood">Elstree and Borehamwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldenham#Hertsmere_Meriden" title="Aldenham">Hertsmere Meriden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenley" title="Shenley">Shenley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Mimms" title="South Mimms">South Mimms</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ridge,_Hertfordshire" title="Ridge, Hertfordshire">Ridge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_Hertfordshire" title="North Hertfordshire">North Hertfordshire</a> <span class="nobold">(partly parished)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashwell,_Hertfordshire" title="Ashwell, Hertfordshire">Ashwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barkway" title="Barkway">Barkway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barley,_Hertfordshire" title="Barley, Hertfordshire">Barley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bygrave" title="Bygrave">Bygrave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caldecote,_Hertfordshire" title="Caldecote, Hertfordshire">Caldecote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clothall" title="Clothall">Clothall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codicote" title="Codicote">Codicote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graveley,_Hertfordshire" title="Graveley, Hertfordshire">Graveley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Ashby" title="Great Ashby">Great Ashby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexton" title="Hexton">Hexton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinxworth" title="Hinxworth">Hinxworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holwell,_Hertfordshire" title="Holwell, Hertfordshire">Holwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ickleford" title="Ickleford">Ickleford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelshall" title="Kelshall">Kelshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimpton,_Hertfordshire" title="Kimpton, Hertfordshire">Kimpton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Walden" title="King's Walden">King's Walden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knebworth" title="Knebworth">Knebworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langley,_Hertfordshire" title="Langley, Hertfordshire">Langley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilley,_Hertfordshire" title="Lilley, Hertfordshire">Lilley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newnham,_Hertfordshire" title="Newnham, Hertfordshire">Newnham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuthampstead" title="Nuthampstead">Nuthampstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offley" title="Offley">Offley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirton,_Hertfordshire" title="Pirton, Hertfordshire">Pirton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preston,_Hertfordshire" title="Preston, Hertfordshire">Preston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radwell,_Hertfordshire" title="Radwell, Hertfordshire">Radwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reed,_Hertfordshire" title="Reed, Hertfordshire">Reed</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Royston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rushden,_Hertfordshire" title="Rushden, Hertfordshire">Rushden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandon,_Hertfordshire" title="Sandon, Hertfordshire">Sandon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Ippolyts" title="St Ippolyts">St Ippolyts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Walden" title="St Paul's Walden">St Paul's Walden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Therfield" title="Therfield">Therfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallington,_Hertfordshire" title="Wallington, Hertfordshire">Wallington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weston,_Hertfordshire" title="Weston, Hertfordshire">Weston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wymondley" title="Wymondley">Wymondley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/St_Albans_City_and_District" class="mw-redirect" title="St Albans City and District">St Albans</a> <span class="nobold">(partly parished)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colney_Heath" title="Colney Heath">Colney Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpenden" title="Harpenden">Harpenden Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpenden_Rural" title="Harpenden Rural">Harpenden Rural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Colney" title="London Colney">London Colney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redbourn" title="Redbourn">Redbourn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandridge" title="Sandridge">Sandridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Michael,_Hertfordshire" title="St Michael, Hertfordshire">St Michael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Stephen,_Hertfordshire" title="St Stephen, Hertfordshire">St Stephen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheathampstead" title="Wheathampstead">Wheathampstead</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Three_Rivers_District" title="Three Rivers District">Three Rivers</a> <span class="nobold">(partly parished)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbots_Langley" title="Abbots Langley">Abbots Langley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batchworth" title="Batchworth">Batchworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chorleywood" title="Chorleywood">Chorleywood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croxley_Green" title="Croxley Green">Croxley Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarratt" title="Sarratt">Sarratt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watford_Rural" title="Watford Rural">Watford Rural</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Welwyn_Hatfield" title="Welwyn Hatfield">Welwyn Hatfield</a> <span class="nobold">(partly parished)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayot_St_Lawrence" title="Ayot St Lawrence">Ayot St Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayot_St_Peter" title="Ayot St Peter">Ayot St Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essendon,_Hertfordshire" title="Essendon, Hertfordshire">Essendon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatfield,_Hertfordshire" title="Hatfield, Hertfordshire">Hatfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Mymms" title="North Mymms">North Mymms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northaw_and_Cuffley" title="Northaw and Cuffley">Northaw and Cuffley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welwyn" title="Welwyn">Welwyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woolmer_Green" title="Woolmer Green">Woolmer Green</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wholly unparished boroughs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Broxbourne" title="Borough of Broxbourne">Broxbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stevenage" title="Stevenage">Stevenage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watford" title="Watford">Watford</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_Hertfordshire" title="List of places in Hertfordshire">List of places in Hertfordshire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19804#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata839" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19804#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata839" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19804#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/158282049">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJpV68p7VBQfbKBGvHRh73">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81018490">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007550296705171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/b1b6dafa-7fc0-4d26-adbc-fc761765df9d">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div 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