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href="https://abo.lemonde.fr/offre-offrir?lmd_medium=display&lmd_campaign=cnv_offrir_lmfr&lmd_creation=gratuit_dec-2024&lmd_variant=cta&lmd_format=header&lmd_source=autopromo"> <span class="Header__offer-text">Offrir Le Monde</span> </a> <header class="article__header "> <div class="article__header-wrap"> <ul class="breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb__parent breadcrumb__parent--after js-breadcrumb"> <a class="logo__idees logo__idees--article" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/"> Débats </a> </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb__child--article js-breadcrumb"> <a class="logo__climat logo__climat--article" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/climat/"> Climat </a> </li> </ul> <div class="article__heading"> <h1 class="article__title">Jean Pisani-Ferry : « Pourquoi vivons-nous une telle contradiction entre l’universalité des problèmes et la fragmentation des réponses ? »</h1> <p class="article__desc"> L’économiste propose, dans un entretien au « Monde », de « nouvelles règles du jeu » qui 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old__article-content-single"> <p class="article__paragraph "><em>« Jamais le monde n’a eu autant besoin d’inventer de nouvelles formes d’action collective, mais rarement cette entreprise a été aussi ardue »</em>, écrivent l’économiste Jean Pisani-Ferry et son coauteur, George Papaconstantinou, professeur d’économie politique internationale à l’Institut universitaire européen de Florence, dans l’introduction des <em>Nouvelles règles du jeu. Comment éviter le chaos planétaire</em> (Seuil, 144 pages, 12,90 euros). Alors que les crises du climat et de la biodiversité, la transition énergétique, les migrations, l’essor de technologies disruptives comme l’intelligence artificielle… sont autant de défis communs à toutes les sociétés humaines et aux Etats qui les gouvernent, la fragmentation géopolitique et les replis sur les égoïsmes communautaires – nationaux, religieux, sociaux – éloignent de plus en plus la possibilité de coopérer pour gérer les biens communs mondiaux.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Mais Jean Pisani-Ferry est un économiste optimiste. Enseignant à Sciences Po, chercheur associé à l’institut Bruegel, à Bruxelles, et au Peterson Institute for International Economics, à Washington, il pense que la connaissance des faits réels permet de trouver des solutions raisonnables et de les mettre en œuvre. Du moins, il l’espère…</p> <div id="inread_top" class="dfp-slot dfp__slot dfp__inread dfp-unloaded" data-format="inread_top" aria-hidden="true"></div> <h3 class="article__question">Avec la seconde élection de Donald Trump, la montée des extrêmes droites dans les démocraties, la guerre en Ukraine, le clivage entre pays du Nord et du Sud sur le climat… le « chaos planétaire » n’est-il pas en train de s’installer ?</h3> <p class="article__paragraph ">Il y a en effet aujourd’hui peu de raisons d’être optimiste, et il est d’autant plus urgent de comprendre pourquoi nous vivons une telle contradiction entre l’universalité des problèmes et la fragmentation des réponses. Les institutions de la coopération internationale, qu’elles soient politiques – comme l’ONU et ses agences – ou économiques et financières – comme le Fonds monétaire international (FMI), la Banque mondiale, l’Organisation mondiale du commerce –, ont été créées après-guerre pour gérer les problèmes de cette époque : la reconstruction, le développement économique et la stabilité du système financier ainsi que du commerce international.</p> <section class="catcher catcher--favoris"> <div class="catcher__content"><span class="catcher__title catcher__title--hide">Lire aussi le décryptage |</span><span class="catcher__desc"> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Article réservé à nos abonnés</span></span> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/economie/article/2023/10/10/fmi-et-banque-mondiale-les-pays-du-sud-veulent-peser_6193550_3234.html" class="js-article-read-also catcher--favoris__link" data-premium="1">FMI et Banque mondiale : les pays du Sud veulent peser</a> </span> </div> <div class="catcher__favorite"> <button class="lmd-btn-icon lmd-btn-icon--primary lmd-btn-icon--m js-lmd-dropdown-favorite-toggler" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="lmd-dropdown-favorite" aria-label="Lire plus tard" data-article-id="3342330" data-position="lire aussi" data-url="https://www.lemonde.fr/economie/article/2023/10/10/fmi-et-banque-mondiale-les-pays-du-sud-veulent-peser_6193550_3234.html" data-status=""> <span class="icon__favorites"></span> <span class="js-btn-icon-tooltip" aria-hidden="true">Lire plus tard</span> </button> </div> </section> <p class="article__paragraph ">Mais, depuis, de nouveaux défis communs sont apparus : le réchauffement climatique, les pandémies, la raréfaction de ressources stratégiques, la révolution des technologies de l’information ou encore l’ambition chinoise d’imposer un nouveau leadership mondial. 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