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<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button 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Available in 34 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-34" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">34 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%81%D8%AA_(%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA)" title="جفت (نبات) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جفت (نبات)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2_(%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE)" title="অ্যারিল (বীজের সিলকা) – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অ্যারিল (বীজের সিলকা)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aril" title="Aril – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Aril" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aril" title="Aril – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Aril" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%AD%C5%A1ek" title="Míšek – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Míšek" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%B8kappe" title="Frøkappe – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Frøkappe" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arillus" title="Arillus – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Arillus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seemner%C3%BC%C3%BC" title="Seemnerüü – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Seemnerüü" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arilo" title="Arilo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Arilo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arilo" title="Arilo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Arilo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arilo" title="Arilo – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Arilo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%84_(%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C)" title="اریل (گیاه‌شناسی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اریل (گیاه‌شناسی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arille" title="Arille – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Arille" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aral" title="Aral – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Aral" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arilo" title="Arilo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Arilo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%80%EC%A2%85%ED%94%BC" title="가종피 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="가종피" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salut_biji" title="Salut biji – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Salut biji" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arillo" title="Arillo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Arillo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%81" title="Ариллус – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ариллус" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%97klamak%C5%A1t%C4%97" title="Sėklamakštė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sėklamakštė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aril_(botani)" title="Aril (botani) – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Aril (botani)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaadmantel" title="Zaadmantel – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zaadmantel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BB%AE%E7%A8%AE%E7%9A%AE" title="仮種皮 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="仮種皮" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%B8kappe" title="Frøkappe – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Frøkappe" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osn%C3%B3wka_(botanika)" title="Osnówka (botanika) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Osnówka (botanika)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arilo" title="Arilo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Arilo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%81" title="Ариллус – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ариллус" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siemenvaippa" title="Siemenvaippa – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Siemenvaippa" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%B6hylle" title="Fröhylle – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fröhylle" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8F%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="ஏரில் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஏரில்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%94" title="เยื่อหุ้มเมล็ด – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เยื่อหุ้มเมล็ด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arillus" title="Arillus – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Arillus" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Принасінник – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Принасінник" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%81%87%E7%A8%AE%E7%9A%AE" title="假種皮 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="假種皮" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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</div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the Etruscan deity, see <a href="/wiki/Atlas_(mythology)#Etruscan_Aril" title="Atlas (mythology)">Atlas (mythology) § Etruscan Aril</a>. For the Malaysian entertainer, see <a href="/wiki/Aril_(entertainer)" title="Aril (entertainer)">Aril (entertainer)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Aryl" class="mw-redirect" title="Aryl">aryl</a>, a type of organic chemical radical.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Aril" title="Special:EditPage/Aril">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Aril%22">"Aril"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Aril%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Aril%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Aril%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Aril%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Aril%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2008</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mace_of_nutmeg_-_ml-Jathi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Mace_of_nutmeg_-_ml-Jathi.jpg/220px-Mace_of_nutmeg_-_ml-Jathi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Mace_of_nutmeg_-_ml-Jathi.jpg/330px-Mace_of_nutmeg_-_ml-Jathi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Mace_of_nutmeg_-_ml-Jathi.jpg/440px-Mace_of_nutmeg_-_ml-Jathi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>An aril that surrounds the <a href="/wiki/Nutmeg_seed" class="mw-redirect" title="Nutmeg seed">nutmeg seed</a> is used as a <a href="/wiki/Spice" title="Spice">spice</a> called <a href="/wiki/Mace_(spice)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mace (spice)">mace</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ARS_Litchi_chinensis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/ARS_Litchi_chinensis.jpg/220px-ARS_Litchi_chinensis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/ARS_Litchi_chinensis.jpg/330px-ARS_Litchi_chinensis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/ARS_Litchi_chinensis.jpg/440px-ARS_Litchi_chinensis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2700" data-file-height="1758" /></a><figcaption>The edible white aril of <i><a href="/wiki/Litchi_chinensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Litchi chinensis">Litchi chinensis</a></i> is sometimes called an arillode or false aril. It grows partly from the <a href="/wiki/Ovule" title="Ovule">funiculus</a> and partly from the <a href="/wiki/Integument" title="Integument">integument</a> of the seed.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>An <b>aril</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span></span>/</a></span></span>), also called an <b>arillus</b>, is a specialized outgrowth from a <a href="/wiki/Seed" title="Seed">seed</a> that partly or completely covers the seed. An <b>arillode</b> or <b>false aril</b> is sometimes distinguished: whereas an aril grows from the attachment point of the seed to the <a href="/wiki/Ovary_(botany)" title="Ovary (botany)">ovary</a> (from the <a href="/wiki/Ovule" title="Ovule">funiculus</a> or <i><a href="/wiki/Hilum_(biology)" title="Hilum (biology)">hilum</a></i>), an arillode forms from a different point on the seed coat.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term "aril" is sometimes applied to any fleshy appendage of the seed in <a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">flowering plants</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/Mace_(spice)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mace (spice)">mace</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Nutmeg" title="Nutmeg">nutmeg</a> seed.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Arils and arillodes are often edible enticements that encourage animals to transport the seed, thereby assisting in seed dispersal.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <b>Pseudarils</b> are aril-like structures commonly found on the <a href="/wiki/Pyrena" title="Pyrena">pyrenes</a> of <a href="/wiki/Burseraceae" title="Burseraceae">Burseraceae</a> species that develop from the <a href="/wiki/Mesocarp" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesocarp">mesocarp</a> of the ovary.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fleshy, edible pericarp splits neatly in two halves, then falling away or being eaten to reveal a brightly coloured pseudaril around the black seed. </p><p>The aril may create a <a href="/wiki/Fruit" title="Fruit">fruit</a>-like structure, called (among other names) a <i><a href="/wiki/Accessory_fruit" title="Accessory fruit">false fruit</a></i>. False fruit are found in numerous <a href="/wiki/Angiosperm" class="mw-redirect" title="Angiosperm">Angiosperm</a> taxa. The edible false fruit of the <a href="/wiki/Longan" title="Longan">longan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lychee" title="Lychee">lychee</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ackee" title="Ackee">ackee</a> fruits are highly developed arils surrounding the seed rather than a <a href="/wiki/Pericarp" class="mw-redirect" title="Pericarp">pericarp</a> layer. Such arils are also found in a few species of <a href="/wiki/Gymnosperm" title="Gymnosperm">gymnosperms</a>, notably the <a href="/wiki/Taxus" title="Taxus">yews</a> and related <a href="/wiki/Pinophyta" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinophyta">conifers</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/Prumnopitys_andina" title="Prumnopitys andina">lleuque</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Dacrycarpus_dacrydioides" title="Dacrycarpus dacrydioides">kahikatea</a>. Instead of the <a href="/wiki/Wood" title="Wood">woody</a> <a href="/wiki/Conifer_cone" title="Conifer cone">cone</a> typical of most gymnosperms, the reproductive structure of the yew consists of a single seed that becomes surrounded by a fleshy, cup-like covering. This covering is derived from a highly modified cone scale. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development_in_Taxus">Development in <i>Taxus</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aril&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Development in Taxus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Taxus_baccata_MHNT.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Taxus_baccata_MHNT.jpg/250px-Taxus_baccata_MHNT.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Taxus_baccata_MHNT.jpg/500px-Taxus_baccata_MHNT.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="4480" data-file-height="3906" /></a><figcaption>The fleshy aril that surrounds each seed in the <a href="/wiki/Taxus_baccata" title="Taxus baccata">yew</a> is a highly modified seed cone scale.</figcaption></figure> <p>In European yew plants (<i><a href="/wiki/Taxus_baccata" title="Taxus baccata">Taxus baccata</a></i>), the aril starts out as a small, green band at the base of the seed, then turns brown to red as it enlarges and surrounds the seed, eventually becoming fleshy and scarlet in color at maturity. The aril is attractive to fruit-eating <a href="/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">birds</a> and is non-toxic. All other parts of the yew are toxic, including the seed housed inside the aril. If the seed is crushed, breaks or splits in the stomach of a human, bird or another animal, it will result in poisoning. Birds digest the fleshy aril as a food source, and pass the seeds out in their droppings, promoting <a href="/wiki/Dispersal_vector" title="Dispersal vector">dispersal</a> of the seeds. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_Dacrycarpus_dacrydioides">In <i>Dacrycarpus dacrydioides</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aril&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: In Dacrycarpus dacrydioides"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The kahikatea tree, <i><a href="/wiki/Dacrycarpus_dacrydioides" title="Dacrycarpus dacrydioides">Dacrycarpus dacrydioides</a></i>, is native to <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>. In pre-European times the aril of the kahikatea was a food source for <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori</a>. The washed arils were called <span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">koroi</i></span> and were eaten raw.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aril&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elaiosome" title="Elaiosome">Elaiosome</a>, fleshy structures attached to the seeds of many plant species</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galbulus" title="Galbulus">Galbulus</a>, a fleshy cone borne chiefly by junipers and cypresses</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarcotesta" title="Sarcotesta">Sarcotesta</a>, a fleshy epidermal layer of a seed coat, as in pomegranate</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aril&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBanerji,_I.Chaudhuri,_K.L.1944" class="citation cs2">Banerji, I.; Chaudhuri, K.L. (1944), "A contribution to the life history of <i>Litchi chinensis</i> Sonn.", <i>Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences, Section B</i>, <b>19</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">19–</span>27, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF03049502">10.1007/BF03049502</a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:82241185">82241185</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Indian+Academy+of+Sciences%2C+Section+B&rft.atitle=A+contribution+to+the+life+history+of+Litchi+chinensis+Sonn.&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E19-%3C%2Fspan%3E27&rft.date=1944&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF03049502&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A82241185%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Banerji%2C+I.&rft.au=Chaudhuri%2C+K.L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAril" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBeentje,_H.Williamson,_J.2010" class="citation cs2">Beentje, H.; Williamson, J. (2010), <i>The Kew Plant Glossary: an Illustrated Dictionary of Plant Terms</i>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew" title="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew">Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</a>: Kew Publishing</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Kew+Plant+Glossary%3A+an+Illustrated+Dictionary+of+Plant+Terms&rft.place=Royal+Botanic+Gardens%2C+Kew&rft.pub=Kew+Publishing&rft.date=2010&rft.au=Beentje%2C+H.&rft.au=Williamson%2C+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAril" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEndress,_P.K.1973" class="citation journal cs1">Endress, P.K. (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1469-8137.1973.tb02092.x">"Arils And Aril-Like Structures In Woody Ranales"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_Phytologist" title="New Phytologist">New Phytologist</a></i>. <b>72</b> (5): <span class="nowrap">1159–</span>1171. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1973NewPh..72.1159E">1973NewPh..72.1159E</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1469-8137.1973.tb02092.x">10.1111/j.1469-8137.1973.tb02092.x</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Phytologist&rft.atitle=Arils+And+Aril-Like+Structures+In+Woody+Ranales&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1159-%3C%2Fspan%3E1171&rft.date=1973&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1469-8137.1973.tb02092.x&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1973NewPh..72.1159E&rft.au=Endress%2C+P.K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8137.1973.tb02092.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAril" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMarshall1992" class="citation book cs1">Marshall, C. (1992-04-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IvEOb0HKyoAC&q=aril+&pg=PA218"><i>Fruit and Seed Production</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521373500" title="Special:BookSources/9780521373500"><bdi>9780521373500</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fruit+and+Seed+Production&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1992-04-30&rft.isbn=9780521373500&rft.aulast=Marshall&rft.aufirst=C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIvEOb0HKyoAC%26q%3Daril%2B%26pg%3DPA218&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAril" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRamos-OrdonezArizmendiMarquez-Guzman2012" class="citation journal cs1">Ramos-Ordonez, M. F.; Arizmendi, M. D. C.; Marquez-Guzman, J. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3484315">"The fruit of Bursera: Structure, maturation and parthenocarpy"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/AoB_Plants" title="AoB Plants">AoB Plants</a></i>. <b>2012</b>: pls027. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Faobpla%2Fpls027">10.1093/aobpla/pls027</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3484315">3484315</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23115709">23115709</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AoB+Plants&rft.atitle=The+fruit+of+Bursera%3A+Structure%2C+maturation+and+parthenocarpy&rft.volume=2012&rft.pages=pls027&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3484315%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23115709&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Faobpla%2Fpls027&rft.aulast=Ramos-Ordonez&rft.aufirst=M.+F.&rft.au=Arizmendi%2C+M.+D.+C.&rft.au=Marquez-Guzman%2C+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3484315&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAril" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.conifers.org/po/Dacrycarpus_dacrydioides.php">"<i>Dacrycarpus dacrydioides</i> (kahikatea) description"</a>. <i>conifers.org</i>. 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2011</span>. <q>The small fruit (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">koroi</i></span>) are superabundant and highly nutritious. The birds ate them and flocked for miles to do so.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=conifers.org&rft.atitle=Dacrycarpus+dacrydioides+%28kahikatea%29+description&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.conifers.org%2Fpo%2FDacrycarpus_dacrydioides.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAril" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120112114227/http://web.auckland.ac.nz/uoa/science/about/departments/sbs/newzealandplants/maoriuses/food/conifers/kahikatea-dacrycarpus.cfm">"Kahikatea, Dacrycarpus"</a>. <i>web.auckland.ac.nz</i>. 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.auckland.ac.nz/uoa/science/about/departments/sbs/newzealandplants/maoriuses/food/conifers/kahikatea-dacrycarpus.cfm">the original</a> on 12 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2011</span>. <q>The juicy, swollen, red stalk which holds the seed is known as <span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">koroi</i></span>.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=web.auckland.ac.nz&rft.atitle=Kahikatea%2C+Dacrycarpus&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.auckland.ac.nz%2Fuoa%2Fscience%2Fabout%2Fdepartments%2Fsbs%2Fnewzealandplants%2Fmaoriuses%2Ffood%2Fconifers%2Fkahikatea-dacrycarpus.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAril" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aril&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Anderson, E. & Owens, J. N. (2003). Analysing the reproductive biology of Taxus: should it be included in Coniferales? <i>Acta Hort.</i> 615: 233–234.</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aril&oldid=1275572328">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aril&oldid=1275572328</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Plant_morphology" title="Category:Plant morphology">Plant morphology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Plant_anatomy" title="Category:Plant anatomy">Plant anatomy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Conifers" title="Category:Conifers">Conifers</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_M%C4%81ori-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Māori-language text">Articles containing Māori-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_January_2008" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from January 2008">Articles needing additional references from January 2008</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 13 February 2025, at 20:36<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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