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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Preparation and serving</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Preparation_and_serving-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"Gefilte_Fish_Line"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Gefilte_Fish_Line""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>"Gefilte Fish Line"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Gefilte_Fish_Line"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ready-to-serve" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ready-to-serve"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ready-to-serve</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ready-to-serve-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religious_customs_and_considerations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious_customs_and_considerations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Religious customs and considerations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Religious_customs_and_considerations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Religious customs and considerations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Religious_customs_and_considerations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Jewish" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jewish"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Jewish</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jewish-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Catholic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catholic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Catholic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catholic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " 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Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="سمك الجيفليت – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سمك الجيفليت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gefilte_fi%C5%A1" title="Gefilte fiš – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Gefilte fiš" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gefilte_Fisch" title="Gefilte Fisch – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gefilte Fisch" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gefilte_fish" title="Gefilte fish – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gefilte fish" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%87_%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B4" title="گفیلته فیش – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گفیلته فیش" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gefilte_fish" title="Gefilte fish – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gefilte fish" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B2%8C%ED%95%84%ED%85%8C_%ED%94%BC%EC%8A%88" title="게필테 피슈 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="게필테 피슈" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gefilte_fish" title="Gefilte fish – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gefilte fish" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gefilte_fish" title="Gefilte fish – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Gefilte fish" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gefilte_fish" title="Gefilte fish – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gefilte fish" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A2%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%98%D7%A2_%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A9" title="געפילטע פיש – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="געפילטע פיש" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gefilte_iwak" title="Gefilte iwak – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Gefilte iwak" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gefilte_fish" title="Gefilte fish – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Gefilte fish" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gefilte_fisj" title="Gefilte fisj – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gefilte fisj" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B2%E3%83%95%E3%82%A3%E3%83%AB%E3%83%86%E3%83%BB%E3%83%95%E3%82%A3%E3%83%83%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5" title="ゲフィルテ・フィッシュ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ゲフィルテ・フィッシュ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karp_po_%C5%BCydowsku" title="Karp po żydowsku – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Karp po żydowsku" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gefilte_fish" title="Gefilte fish – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gefilte fish" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Фаршированная рыба – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фаршированная рыба" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gefilte_fisch" title="Gefilte fisch – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gefilte fisch" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Фарширована риба – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фарширована риба" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A2%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%98%D7%A2_%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A9" title="געפילטע פיש – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="געפילטע פיש" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ashkenazi Jewish dish made from ground fish</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Gefillde" title="Gefillde">Gefillde</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hrecipe adr"><caption class="infobox-title fn"><span>Gefilte fish</span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gefilte_fish_topped_with_slices_of_carrot.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Gefilte_fish_topped_with_slices_of_carrot.jpg/263px-Gefilte_fish_topped_with_slices_of_carrot.jpg" decoding="async" width="263" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Gefilte_fish_topped_with_slices_of_carrot.jpg/395px-Gefilte_fish_topped_with_slices_of_carrot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Gefilte_fish_topped_with_slices_of_carrot.jpg/526px-Gefilte_fish_topped_with_slices_of_carrot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6016" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding-bottom:0.25em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;">Gefilte fish topped with thin slices of carrot</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Course</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hors_d%27oeuvre" title="Hors d'oeuvre">Hors d'oeuvre</a></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Region or state</th><td class="infobox-data region">Central and Eastern Europe, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Created by</th><td class="infobox-data author"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_cuisine" title="Jewish cuisine">Ashkenazi Jewish</a> communities</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Main ingredients</th><td class="infobox-data ingredient">Ground fish, <a href="/wiki/Matzo_meal" class="mw-redirect" title="Matzo meal">matzo meal</a> (sometimes), eggs (sometimes)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:0.25em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gefilte_fish" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Gefilte fish">Media: Gefilte fish</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right noprint selfref"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">This article contains <b><a href="/wiki/Phonetic_transcription" title="Phonetic transcription">phonetic transcriptions</a> in the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> (IPA)</b>. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>. For the distinction between <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ ]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ /</span> and ⟨<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"> </span>⟩, see <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet#Brackets_and_transcription_delimiters" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters</a>.</div></div> </div> <p><b>Gefilte fish</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span><span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ʃ/: 'sh' in 'shy'">ʃ</span></span>/</a></span></span>; from <a href="/wiki/Yiddish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yiddish language">Yiddish</a>: <span lang="yi" dir="rtl">געפֿילטע פֿיש</span>, <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Gefüllter Fisch / Gefüllte Fische</i>, lit. "stuffed fish") is a dish made from a <a href="/wiki/Poaching_(cooking)" title="Poaching (cooking)">poached</a> mixture of ground deboned fish, such as <a href="/wiki/Carp" title="Carp">carp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Whitefish_(fisheries_term)" title="Whitefish (fisheries term)">whitefish</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Esox" title="Esox">pike</a>. It is traditionally served as an appetizer by <a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jews" title="Ashkenazi Jews">Ashkenazi</a> <a href="/wiki/Jew" class="mw-redirect" title="Jew">Jewish</a> households. Popular on <a href="/wiki/Shabbat" title="Shabbat">Shabbat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jewish_holidays" title="Jewish holidays">Jewish holidays</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Passover" title="Passover">Passover</a>, it may be consumed throughout the year. It is typically garnished with a slice of cooked carrot on top. </p><p>Historically, gefilte fish was a stuffed whole fish consisting of minced-fish <a href="/wiki/Forcemeat" title="Forcemeat">forcemeat</a> stuffed inside the intact fish skin. By the 16th century, cooks had started omitting the labor-intensive stuffing step, and the seasoned fish was most commonly formed into <a href="/wiki/Patty" title="Patty">patties</a> similar to <i><a href="/wiki/Quenelle" title="Quenelle">quenelles</a></i> or <a href="/wiki/Fish_ball" title="Fish ball">fish balls</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, gefilte fish is referred to as <span title="Polish-language text"><i lang="pl">karp po żydowsku</i></span> ("carp Jewish-style").<sup id="cite_ref-PolishJochnowitz_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PolishJochnowitz-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins">Origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gefilte_fish&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gefilte fish likely originated in non-Jewish, <a href="/wiki/German_cuisine" title="German cuisine">German cooking</a>. The earliest historical reference to <i>gefuelten hechden</i> (stuffed pikes) comes from <i><a href="/wiki/Das_Buoch_von_guoter_Spise" title="Das Buoch von guoter Spise">Daz Buoch von Guoter Spise</a></i> (<i>The Book of Good Food</i>), a <a href="/wiki/Middle_High_German" title="Middle High German">Middle High German</a> cookbook dating to circa 1350 CE. <i>Gefuelten hechden</i> consisted of poached and mashed pike that was flavored with herbs and seeds, stuffed back inside the fish skin, and then roasted. This dish was popular with German Catholics during <a href="/wiki/Lent" title="Lent">Lent</a>, when it is forbidden to eat meat. By the Middle Ages, stuffed fish had migrated into the cuisine of <a href="/wiki/German_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="German Jews">German</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_European_Jewry" title="Eastern European Jewry">Eastern European Jews</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Preparation_and_serving">Preparation and serving</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gefilte_fish&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Preparation and serving"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gefilte_fish_-_step_20_(Anschnitt_3).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Gefilte_fish_-_step_20_%28Anschnitt_3%29.JPG/200px-Gefilte_fish_-_step_20_%28Anschnitt_3%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Gefilte_fish_-_step_20_%28Anschnitt_3%29.JPG/300px-Gefilte_fish_-_step_20_%28Anschnitt_3%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Gefilte_fish_-_step_20_%28Anschnitt_3%29.JPG/400px-Gefilte_fish_-_step_20_%28Anschnitt_3%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2368" data-file-height="1872" /></a><figcaption>Gefilte fish: whole stuffed and garnished fish with eggs</figcaption></figure> <p>Gefilte fish was traditionally cooked inside the intact skin of a fish,<sup id="cite_ref-JTAfishnonmeat_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JTAfishnonmeat-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> forming a loaf which is then sliced into portions before serving. More commonly, it is now most often cooked and served as oval patties, like <a href="/wiki/Quenelle" title="Quenelle">quenelles</a>. In the United Kingdom, gefilte fish is commonly fried.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gefilte fish is typically garnished with a slice of carrot on top, and a <a href="/wiki/Horseradish" title="Horseradish">horseradish</a> mixture called <a href="/wiki/Chrain" title="Chrain">chrain</a> on the side. </p><p>To make the modernized "gefilte fish" fish balls, <a href="/wiki/Fish_fillet" title="Fish fillet">fish fillets</a> are ground and mixed with eggs (some recipes exclude eggs), breadcrumbs or <a href="/wiki/Matza" class="mw-redirect" title="Matza">matza</a> crumbs, spices, salt, onions, carrots, and sometimes potatoes, to produce a paste or dough which is then simmered in <a href="/wiki/Fish_stock_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fish stock (food)">fish stock</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Carp" title="Carp">Carp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Esox" title="Esox">pike</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mullet_(fish)" title="Mullet (fish)">mullet</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Coregonus" title="Coregonus">whitefish</a> are commonly used to make gefilte fish; more recently, <a href="/wiki/Nile_perch" title="Nile perch">Nile perch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Salmon_as_food" title="Salmon as food">salmon</a> are also used, with gefilte fish made from salmon having a slightly pink hue.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Catfish" title="Catfish">Catfish</a> is not used, however, because it is not <a href="/wiki/Kashrut" title="Kashrut">kosher</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id=""Gefilte_Fish_Line""><span id=".22Gefilte_Fish_Line.22"></span>"Gefilte Fish Line"</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gefilte_fish&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: "Gefilte Fish Line""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gefilte fish may be slightly sweet or <a href="/wiki/Umami" title="Umami">savory</a>. Different preparations and taste preferences may be a proxy for reflecting Ashkenazi Jews' specific ancestral origins in Europe. The preference for sweet gefilte with sugar was popular among <a href="/wiki/Galician_Jews" title="Galician Jews">Galician Jews</a> from central Europe, while gefilte fish with <a href="/wiki/Black_pepper" title="Black pepper">black pepper</a> was preferred by the more northern <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithuanian Jews">Litvak Jews</a>. The boundary separating the two camps was dubbed "the Gefilte Fish Line" by Yiddish linguist <a href="/wiki/Marvin_Herzog" title="Marvin Herzog">Marvin Herzog</a> in the mid-1960s.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sweet-savoury_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sweet-savoury-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sweet gefilte fish with sugar in Galicia can be traced to the turn of the 19th century, when the first <a href="/wiki/Sugar_beet" title="Sugar beet">sugar beet</a> factory opened in southern Poland. The sugar industry, which involved many Jews, grew rapidly, and sugar was included in many foods in the region. Culinary historian <a href="/wiki/Gil_Marks" title="Gil Marks">Gil Marks</a> quipped that, '"Other Jews had savory <a href="/wiki/Noodle_kugel" title="Noodle kugel">noodle kugels</a>. You didn't have sweet challah. The idea of putting sugar into anything else was absurd." But Polish Jews began to put sugar into all of these dishes. Previously peppery kugels. The now-sweet-and-sour stuffed cabbage. And gefilte fish.'<sup id="cite_ref-sweet-savoury_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sweet-savoury-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ready-to-serve">Ready-to-serve</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gefilte_fish&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Ready-to-serve"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jars_of_gefilte_fish.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Jars_of_gefilte_fish.jpg/220px-Jars_of_gefilte_fish.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Jars_of_gefilte_fish.jpg/330px-Jars_of_gefilte_fish.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Jars_of_gefilte_fish.jpg/440px-Jars_of_gefilte_fish.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6016" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Jars of gefilte fish in Israel</figcaption></figure> <p>The late 1930s brought a brand named Mother's from "Sidney Leibner, the son of a fish store owner."<sup id="cite_ref-JTAfishnonmeat_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JTAfishnonmeat-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This ready-to-serve fish was followed by "<a href="/wiki/Manischewitz" title="Manischewitz">Manischewitz</a>, Mrs. Adler’s, Rokeach and others." </p><p>The post-WWII method of making gefilte fish commercially takes the form of patties or balls, or utilizes a <a href="/wiki/Wax_paper" class="mw-redirect" title="Wax paper">wax paper</a> casing around a "log" of ground fish, which is then poached or baked. This product is sold in cans and glass jars, and packed in jelly made from fish broth, or the fish broth itself. The <a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium">sodium</a> content is relatively high at 220–290 mg/serving. Low-salt, low-carbohydrate, low-cholesterol, and sugar-free varieties are available. The patent for this jelly, which allowed mass-market distribution of gefilte fish, was granted on October 29, 1963, to <a href="/wiki/Monroe_Nash" title="Monroe Nash">Monroe Nash</a> and Erich G. Freudenstein.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gefilte fish has been described as "an acquired taste".<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Grocery stores also sell frozen "logs" of gefilte fish.<sup id="cite_ref-JTAfishnonmeat_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JTAfishnonmeat-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religious_customs_and_considerations">Religious customs and considerations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gefilte_fish&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Religious customs and considerations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jewish">Jewish</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gefilte_fish&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Jewish"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Among religiously observant Jews, gefilte fish has become a traditional Shabbat food to avoid <i>borer</i>, which is one of the 39 <a href="/wiki/Activities_prohibited_on_Shabbat" class="mw-redirect" title="Activities prohibited on Shabbat">activities prohibited on Shabbat</a> outlined in the <a href="/wiki/Shulchan_Aruch" title="Shulchan Aruch">Shulchan Aruch</a>. <i>Borer</i>, literally "selection/choosing", would occur when one picks the bones out of the fish, taking "the chaff from within the food".<sup id="cite_ref-fortunes_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fortunes-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A less common belief is that fish are not subject to <i>ayin ra'a</i> ("<a href="/wiki/Evil_eye" title="Evil eye">evil eye</a>") because they are submerged while alive, so that a dish prepared from several fish varieties brings good luck. Moreover, because submersion in the water protects the fish from the evil eye, in the Middle East, fish "became popular for amulets and miscellaneous good luck charms. In Eastern Europe, it even became a name, Fishel, an optimistic reflection that the boy would be lucky and protected."<sup id="cite_ref-fishy_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fishy-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gefilte fish is often eaten on the Sabbath. However, on Sabbath, separating bones from meat, as well as cooking, are forbidden by rabbinical law. So usually, the dish is prepared the day before and served cold or at room temperature.<sup id="cite_ref-fishy_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fishy-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With gefilte fish being a Sabbath dinner staple, and the commandment in Genesis for fish to be "fruitful and multiply, and fill the waters in the seas",<sup id="cite_ref-fishy_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fishy-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> fish at Sabbath meals took on the patina of an aphrodisiac, the sages believing that "the intoxicating [fish] odor on the Sabbath table would encourage couples to 'be fruitful and multiply'—which in Jewish tradition is encouraged on Friday night."<sup id="cite_ref-tweel_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tweel-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moreover, <i>dag</i>, the Hebrew word for fish, has the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_numerology" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrew numerology">numerical value</a> of seven, the day of the Sabbath, further underscoring the serving of fish on that day.<sup id="cite_ref-tweel_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tweel-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, since Jewish law forbids the separating of the flesh of fish from its bones,<sup id="cite_ref-fortunes_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fortunes-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> pre-made fish cakes such as gefilte fish obviate the need to perform such separation, thus making a preparation such as gefilte fish a regular Sabbath staple, and the perfect vehicle for the requisite fish aphrodisiac.<sup id="cite_ref-fishy_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fishy-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tweel_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tweel-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Catholic">Catholic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gefilte_fish&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Catholic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Poland" title="Catholic Church in Poland">Polish Catholic</a> homes (more commonly in the northern regions near the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a>), gefilte fish (<a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>: <i lang="pl">karp po żydowsku</i>) is a traditional dish to be eaten on <a href="/wiki/Christmas_Eve" title="Christmas Eve">Christmas Eve</a> (for <a href="/wiki/Twelve-dish_Christmas_Eve_supper" title="Twelve-dish Christmas Eve supper">twelve-dish supper</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Holy_Saturday" title="Holy Saturday">Holy Saturday</a>, as these are traditionally meatless feasts.<sup id="cite_ref-PolishJochnowitz_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PolishJochnowitz-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This follows a pattern in which a number of Jewish non-meat dishes were also eaten on Catholic religious days in Poland.<sup id="cite_ref-PolishJochnowitz_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PolishJochnowitz-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gefilte_fish&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span 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title="Polish cuisine">Polish cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_cuisine" title="Israeli cuisine">Israeli cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_cuisine" title="Jewish cuisine">Jewish cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamaboko" title="Kamaboko">Kamaboko</a></li> <li>Vorschmack</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gefilte_fish&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output 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.citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMarks2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gil_Marks" title="Gil Marks">Marks, Gil</a> (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gFK_yx7Ps7cC"><i>Encyclopedia of Jewish Food</i></a>. New York City: <a href="/wiki/Houghton_Mifflin_Harcourt_Publishing_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company">Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780544186316" title="Special:BookSources/9780544186316"><bdi>9780544186316</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 21,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Jewish+Food&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin+Harcourt+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9780544186316&rft.aulast=Marks&rft.aufirst=Gil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgFK_yx7Ps7cC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGefilte+fish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PolishJochnowitz-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PolishJochnowitz_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PolishJochnowitz_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PolishJochnowitz_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJochnowitz1998" class="citation book cs1">Jochnowitz, Eve (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/34110320">"Chapter 4: Flavors of Memory: Jewish Food as Culinary Tourism in Poland"</a>. In Long, Lucy M. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8WkumSPd7acC"><i>Culinary Tourism</i></a>. Lexington, Ky: <a href="/wiki/The_University_Press_of_Kentucky" class="mw-redirect" title="The University Press of Kentucky">The University Press of Kentucky</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">97–</span>113. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780813126395" title="Special:BookSources/9780813126395"><bdi>9780813126395</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 21,</span> 2021</span>. <q>In the public imagination of both Americans and Poles, it is frequently gefilte fish—particularly sweetened gefilte fish—that has outdistanced matzoh as the food that first comes to mind when Jewish food is discussed (Cooper 1993; dc Pomianc 1985). Gefilte fish is sometimes referred to as <span title="Polish-language text"><i lang="pl">karp po żydowsku</i></span> or "Jewish carp, ... Many restaurants in Cracow and Warsaw that are in no other way marked as Jewish offer <span title="Polish-language text"><i lang="pl">karp po żydowsku</i></span> as either an appetizer or a main course. Stranger still, <span title="Polish-language text"><i lang="pl">karp po żydowsku</i></span> has become a traditional dish in many Catholic Polish homes for Christmas Eve and Holy Saturday, traditionally meatless feasts. (p. 109)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+4%3A+Flavors+of+Memory%3A+Jewish+Food+as+Culinary+Tourism+in+Poland&rft.btitle=Culinary+Tourism&rft.place=Lexington%2C+Ky&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E97-%3C%2Fspan%3E113&rft.pub=The+University+Press+of+Kentucky&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9780813126395&rft.aulast=Jochnowitz&rft.aufirst=Eve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F34110320&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGefilte+fish" class="Z3988"></span> Also published as: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJochnowitz1998" class="citation journal cs1">Jochnowitz, Eve (January 1, 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/1311641274">"Flavors of Memory: Jewish Food as Culinary Tourism in Poland"</a>. <i>Southern Folklore</i>. <b>55</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">224–</span>237. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0899-594X">0899-594X</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/1311641274">1311641274</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 21,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southern+Folklore&rft.atitle=Flavors+of+Memory%3A+Jewish+Food+as+Culinary+Tourism+in+Poland&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E224-%3C%2Fspan%3E237&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.issn=0899-594X&rft.aulast=Jochnowitz&rft.aufirst=Eve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fdocview%2F1311641274&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGefilte+fish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.myjewishlearning.com/the-nosher/the-history-of-gefilte-fish/">"The History of Gefilte Fish"</a>. MyJewishLearning.com. March 23, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 21,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Gefilte+Fish&rft.pub=MyJewishLearning.com&rft.date=2021-03-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.myjewishlearning.com%2Fthe-nosher%2Fthe-history-of-gefilte-fish%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGefilte+fish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tastingtable.com/987098/gefilte-fish-the-jewish-delicacy-with-medieval-origins/">"Gefilte Fish: The Jewish Delicacy With Medieval Origins"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tasting_Table" title="Tasting Table">Tasting Table</a>. August 30, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 21,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gefilte+Fish%3A+The+Jewish+Delicacy+With+Medieval+Origins&rft.pub=Tasting+Table&rft.date=2022-08-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tastingtable.com%2F987098%2Fgefilte-fish-the-jewish-delicacy-with-medieval-origins%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGefilte+fish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.medievalcookery.com/etexts/buch.html">"Ein Buch von guter spise"</a>. MedievalCookery.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 21,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ein+Buch+von+guter+spise&rft.pub=MedievalCookery.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.medievalcookery.com%2Fetexts%2Fbuch.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGefilte+fish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JTAfishnonmeat-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JTAfishnonmeat_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JTAfishnonmeat_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JTAfishnonmeat_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRachel_Ringler2021" class="citation web cs1">Rachel Ringler (April 7, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jta.org/2021/04/07/food/the-secret-not-so-jewish-history-of-gefilte-fish">"The secret not-so-Jewish history of gefilte fish"</a>. <i>JTA.org (<a href="/wiki/Jewish_Telegraphic_Agency" title="Jewish Telegraphic Agency">Jewish Telegraphic Agency</a>)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 24,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=JTA.org+%28Jewish+Telegraphic+Agency%29&rft.atitle=The+secret+not-so-Jewish+history+of+gefilte+fish&rft.date=2021-04-07&rft.au=Rachel+Ringler&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jta.org%2F2021%2F04%2F07%2Ffood%2Fthe-secret-not-so-jewish-history-of-gefilte-fish&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGefilte+fish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKagan2009" class="citation news cs1">Kagan, Aaron (March 11, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://forward.com/food/103824/gefilte-fish-fried-to-perfection/">"Gefilte Fish, Fried to Perfection"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Forward" title="The Forward">The Forward</a></i>. The Forward Association, Inc<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 21,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Forward&rft.atitle=Gefilte+Fish%2C+Fried+to+Perfection&rft.date=2009-03-11&rft.aulast=Kagan&rft.aufirst=Aaron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforward.com%2Ffood%2F103824%2Fgefilte-fish-fried-to-perfection%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGefilte+fish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFПопова2004" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Попова, Марта Федоровна (2004). <i>Секреты Одесской кухни</i> (in Russian). Одесса: Друк. p. 163. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/966-8149-36-X" title="Special:BookSources/966-8149-36-X"><bdi>966-8149-36-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B+%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8&rft.place=%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0&rft.pages=163&rft.pub=%D0%94%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=966-8149-36-X&rft.aulast=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.aufirst=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGefilte+fish" class="Z3988"></span> [<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPopova2004" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Popova, Marta (2004). <i>Secrets of Odessa Cuisine</i> (in Russian). Odessa: Druk. p. 163. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789668149368" title="Special:BookSources/9789668149368"><bdi>9789668149368</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Secrets+of+Odessa+Cuisine&rft.place=Odessa&rft.pages=163&rft.pub=Druk&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9789668149368&rft.aulast=Popova&rft.aufirst=Marta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGefilte+fish" class="Z3988"></span>]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sunset.com/recipe/salmon-gefilte-fish">"Salmon Gefilte Fish [recipe]"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Sunset_(magazine)" title="Sunset (magazine)">Sunset</a></i>. Sunset Publishing Corporation<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 22,</span> 2021</span>. <q>Instead of the traditional whitefish, this gefilte fish is made with salmon and a Western white-flesh fish, giving it a pretty <i>pale pink color</i> and rich flavor. [Italics added.]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sunset&rft.atitle=Salmon+Gefilte+Fish+%5Brecipe%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sunset.com%2Frecipe%2Fsalmon-gefilte-fish&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGefilte+fish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenblatt1992" class="citation news cs1">Greenblatt, Jacob (March 13, 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1992/05/13/garden/l-non-kosher-gefilte-fish-075492.html">"Non-Kosher Gefilte Fish?"</a>. Letters. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. Section C, Page 4<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 21,</span> 2021</span>. <q>All segments of Judaism consider catfish a non-kosher fish, as the Torah explicitly proscribes fish that do not have both fins and scales.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Non-Kosher+Gefilte+Fish%3F&rft.pages=Section+C%2C+Page+4&rft.date=1992-03-13&rft.aulast=Greenblatt&rft.aufirst=Jacob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1992%2F05%2F13%2Fgarden%2Fl-non-kosher-gefilte-fish-075492.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGefilte+fish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnknown1999" class="citation news cs1">Unknown (September 10, 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jweekly.com/1999/09/10/this-is-no-fish-tale-gefilte-tastes-tell-story-of-ancestry/">"This is no fish tale: Gefilte tastes tell story of ancestry"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/J._The_Jewish_News_of_Northern_California" title="J. The Jewish News of Northern California">J. The Jewish News of Northern California</a></i>. San Francisco Jewish Community Publications Inc<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 21,</span> 2021</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Dateline" title="Dateline">dateline</a>, Toronto.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+The+Jewish+News+of+Northern+California&rft.atitle=This+is+no+fish+tale%3A+Gefilte+tastes+tell+story+of+ancestry&rft.date=1999-09-10&rft.au=Unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jweekly.com%2F1999%2F09%2F10%2Fthis-is-no-fish-tale-gefilte-tastes-tell-story-of-ancestry%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGefilte+fish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sweet-savoury-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sweet-savoury_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sweet-savoury_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrichep2014" class="citation news cs1">Prichep, Deena (September 24, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2014/09/24/351185646/the-gefilte-fish-line-a-sweet-and-salty-history-of-jewish-identity">"The Gefilte Fish Line: A Sweet And Salty History Of Jewish Identity"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 21,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=The+Gefilte+Fish+Line%3A+A+Sweet+And+Salty+History+Of+Jewish+Identity&rft.date=2014-09-24&rft.aulast=Prichep&rft.aufirst=Deena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fsections%2Fthesalt%2F2014%2F09%2F24%2F351185646%2Fthe-gefilte-fish-line-a-sweet-and-salty-history-of-jewish-identity&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGefilte+fish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><span class="citation patent" id="harv"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=US3108882">US patent 3108882</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monroe_Nash" title="Monroe Nash">Monroe Nash</a> and Erich G Freudenstein, "Method of preparing an edible fish product", issued October 29, 1963</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Apatent&rft.number=3108882&rft.cc=US&rft.title=Method+of+preparing+an+edible+fish+product&rft.inventor=%5B%5BMonroe+Nash%5D%5D+and+Erich+G+Freudenstein&rft.date=October 29, 1963"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> (EPO). See also: <span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=3108882">US3108882</a></span> (USPTO), and <span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US3108882">U.S. patent 3,108,882</a></span> (Google). Retrieved October 21, 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1994-03-24-vl-37870-story.html">"Shoptalk : Szechuan-Style Duck Sauce Is Hot and Spicy"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Los_Angeles_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="The Los Angeles Times">The Los Angeles Times</a></i>. March 24, 1994.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Shoptalk+%3A+Szechuan-Style+Duck+Sauce+Is+Hot+and+Spicy&rft.date=1994-03-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1994-03-24-vl-37870-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGefilte+fish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fortunes-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fortunes_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fortunes_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlech" class="citation web cs1">Blech, Rabbi Zushe. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160322035537/http://mk.ca/newsletter7/vol1iss7.html/">"The Fortunes of a Fish"</a>. <i>Kashrut.com</i>. Scharf Associates. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mk.ca/newsletter7/vol1iss7.html">the original</a> on March 22, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 22,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kashrut.com&rft.atitle=The+Fortunes+of+a+Fish&rft.aulast=Blech&rft.aufirst=Rabbi+Zushe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmk.ca%2Fnewsletter7%2Fvol1iss7.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGefilte+fish" class="Z3988"></span> (Originally published at: MK Vaad News & Views, <i>Newsletter</i>, volume 1, number 7 (no longer exists at original site, MK.ca).)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fishy-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fishy_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fishy_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fishy_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fishy_16-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarks" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gil_Marks" title="Gil Marks">Marks, Gil</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020401221722/http://www.ou.org/shabbat/recipes/fish.htm">"Something's Fishy in the State of Israel"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Union" title="Orthodox Union">OrthodoxUnion.org</a> (OU.org)</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ou.org/shabbat/recipes/fish.htm">the original</a> on April 1, 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 22,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OrthodoxUnion.org+%28OU.org%29&rft.atitle=Something%27s+Fishy+in+the+State+of+Israel&rft.aulast=Marks&rft.aufirst=Gil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ou.org%2Fshabbat%2Frecipes%2Ffish.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGefilte+fish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tweel-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tweel_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tweel_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tweel_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTweeln.d." class="citation web cs1">Tweel, Tamara Mann (n.d.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.myjewishlearning.com/article/gefilte-fish-in-america/">"Gefilte Fish in America: A history of the Jewish fish product"</a>. <i>My Jewish Learning</i>. <a href="/wiki/70_Faces_Media" title="70 Faces Media">70 Faces Media</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 22,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=My+Jewish+Learning&rft.atitle=Gefilte+Fish+in+America%3A+A+history+of+the+Jewish+fish+product.&rft.aulast=Tweel&rft.aufirst=Tamara+Mann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.myjewishlearning.com%2Farticle%2Fgefilte-fish-in-america%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGefilte+fish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gefilte_fish&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirshenblatt-Gimblett2008" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Kirshenblatt-Gimblett" title="Barbara Kirshenblatt-Gimblett">Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, Barbara</a> (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://yivoencyclopedia.org/article.aspx/Food_and_Drink#id0eh3ag">"Culinary Repertoire"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Gershon_David_Hundert" class="mw-redirect" title="Gershon David Hundert">Hundert, Gershon David</a> (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://yivoencyclopedia.org/article.aspx/Food_and_Drink"><i>Food and Drink</i></a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_YIVO_Encyclopedia_of_Jews_in_Eastern_Europe" title="The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe">The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/YIVO_Institute_for_Jewish_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="YIVO Institute for Jewish Research">YIVO Institute for Jewish Research</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 22,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Food+and+Drink&rft.btitle=The+YIVO+Encyclopedia+of+Jews+in+Eastern+Europe&rft.pub=YIVO+Institute+for+Jewish+Research&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Kirshenblatt-Gimblett&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fyivoencyclopedia.org%2Farticle.aspx%2FFood_and_Drink%23id0eh3ag&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGefilte+fish" class="Z3988"></span> In print, see <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirshenblatt-Gimblett2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Kirshenblatt-Gimblett" title="Barbara Kirshenblatt-Gimblett">Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, Barbara</a> (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OL9tAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA532">"Food and Drink"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Gershon_David_Hundert" class="mw-redirect" title="Gershon David Hundert">Hundert, Gershon David</a> (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OL9tAAAAMAAJ"><i>The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe</i></a>. New Haven: <a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Press" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>. p. 532. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780300119039" title="Special:BookSources/9780300119039"><bdi>9780300119039</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Food+and+Drink&rft.btitle=The+YIVO+Encyclopedia+of+Jews+in+Eastern+Europe&rft.place=New+Haven&rft.pages=532&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780300119039&rft.aulast=Kirshenblatt-Gimblett&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOL9tAAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA532&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGefilte+fish" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTweeln.d." class="citation web cs1">Tweel, Tamara Mann (n.d.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.myjewishlearning.com/article/gefilte-fish-in-america/">"Gefilte Fish in America: A history of the Jewish fish product"</a>. <i>My Jewish Learning</i>. <a href="/wiki/70_Faces_Media" title="70 Faces Media">70 Faces Media</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 22,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=My+Jewish+Learning&rft.atitle=Gefilte+Fish+in+America%3A+A+history+of+the+Jewish+fish+product.&rft.aulast=Tweel&rft.aufirst=Tamara+Mann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.myjewishlearning.com%2Farticle%2Fgefilte-fish-in-america%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGefilte+fish" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Claudia Roden: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jhom.com/topics/fish/gefilte.html">"Gefilte Fish and the Jews"</a>. <i>Jewish Heritage Online Magazine</i></li> <li>Haym Soloveitchik: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://traditiononline.org/rupture-and-reconstruction-the-transformation-of-contemporary-orthodoxy/">"Rupture and Reconstruction. The Transformation of Contemporary Orthodoxy"</a> (PDF and HTML). 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Shabbat" title="Shabbat">Shabbat</a> (<span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">שבת</span></span>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Prayers</li><li>Rituals</li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_prayer" title="Jewish prayer">Jewish prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yedid_Nefesh" title="Yedid Nefesh">Yedid Nefesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lekhah_Dodi" class="mw-redirect" title="Lekhah Dodi">Lekhah Dodi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shalom_Aleichem_(liturgy)" title="Shalom Aleichem (liturgy)">Shalom Aleichem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiddush" title="Kiddush">Kiddush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zemirot" title="Zemirot">Zemirot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baqashot" title="Baqashot">Baqashot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torah_reading" title="Torah reading">Torah reading</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Weekly_Torah_portion" title="Weekly Torah portion">Weekly Torah portion</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shnayim_mikra_ve-echad_targum" title="Shnayim mikra ve-echad targum">Shnayim mikra ve-echad targum</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maftir" title="Maftir">Maftir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haftarah" class="mw-redirect" title="Haftarah">Haftarah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabbat_meals" title="Shabbat meals">Shabbat meals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seudah_shlishit" title="Seudah shlishit">Seudah shlishit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triennial_cycle" title="Triennial cycle">Triennial cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torah_study" title="Torah study">Torah study</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Food</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_wine" title="Kosher wine">Kosher wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Challah" title="Challah">Challah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brisket_(Jewish_dish)" title="Brisket (Jewish dish)">Brisket (Jewish dish)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chopped_liver" title="Chopped liver">Chopped liver</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gefilte fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helzel" title="Helzel">Helzel</a></li> <li>Vorschmack</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cholent" title="Cholent">Cholent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kugel" title="Kugel">Kugel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouna" title="Mouna">Mouna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubaneh" title="Kubaneh">Kubaneh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jachnun" title="Jachnun">Jachnun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabich" title="Sabich">Sabich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yapchik" title="Yapchik">Yapchik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shabbat_candles" title="Shabbat candles">Shabbat candles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blech" title="Blech">Blech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Challah_cover" title="Challah cover">Challah cover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiddush#Rituals" title="Kiddush">Kiddush cup</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Laws</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Melakha" class="mw-redirect" title="Melakha">Melakha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_mile" title="Biblical mile">Biblical mile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_Sabbath" title="Biblical Sabbath">Biblical Sabbath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driving_on_Shabbat" title="Driving on Shabbat">Driving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_on_Shabbat" title="Electricity on Shabbat">Electricity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eruv" title="Eruv">Eruv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eruv_tavshilin" title="Eruv tavshilin">Eruv tavshilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eruv_techumin" title="Eruv techumin">Eruv techumin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabbath_food_preparation" title="Sabbath food preparation">Food preparation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grama_(halacha)" title="Grama (halacha)">Grama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muktzeh" title="Muktzeh">Muktzeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbinically_prohibited_activities_of_Shabbat" title="Rabbinically prohibited activities of Shabbat">Rabbinic prohibitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabbat_(Talmud)" title="Shabbat (Talmud)">Shabbat (Talmud)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabbos_goy" title="Shabbos goy">Shabbos goy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinuy" title="Shinuy">Shinuy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shomer_Shabbat" title="Shomer Shabbat">Shomer Shabbat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Innovations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KosherSwitch" title="KosherSwitch">KosherSwitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zomet_Institute" title="Zomet Institute">Zomet Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabbat_elevator" title="Shabbat elevator">Shabbat elevator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabbat_lamp" title="Shabbat lamp">Shabbat lamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabbath_mode" title="Sabbath mode">Sabbath mode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabbat_pedestrian_crossing" title="Shabbat pedestrian crossing">Shabbat pedestrian crossing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Special_Shabbat" title="Special Shabbat">Special Shabbat</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shabbaton" title="Shabbaton">Shabbaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eve_of_Passover_on_Shabbat" title="Eve of Passover on Shabbat">Eve of Passover on Shabbat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Motza%27ei_Shabbat" title="Motza'ei Shabbat">Motza'ei Shabbat</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kiddush_levana" title="Kiddush levana">Kiddush levana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havdalah" title="Havdalah">Havdalah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melaveh_Malkah" title="Melaveh Malkah">Melaveh Malkah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_Shabbat_topics" title="List of Shabbat topics">List of Shabbat topics</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Jewish_cuisine365" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jewish_cuisine" title="Template:Jewish cuisine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jewish_cuisine" title="Template talk:Jewish cuisine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jewish_cuisine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jewish cuisine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Jewish_cuisine365" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_cuisine" title="Jewish cuisine">Jewish cuisine</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Israelite_cuisine" title="Ancient Israelite cuisine">Ancient Israelite cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1902_kosher_meat_boycott" title="1902 kosher meat boycott">1902 kosher meat boycott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish-American_patronage_of_Chinese_restaurants" title="Jewish-American patronage of Chinese restaurants">Jewish-American patronage of Chinese restaurants</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jewish_cuisine" title="Ashkenazi Jewish cuisine">Ashkenazi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Jewish_cuisine" title="American Jewish cuisine">American</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Jewish_cuisine" title="Ethiopian Jewish cuisine">Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_cuisine" title="Israeli cuisine">Israeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizrahi_Jewish_cuisine" title="Mizrahi Jewish cuisine">Mizrahi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bukharan_Jewish_cuisine" title="Bukharan Jewish cuisine">Bukharan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Jewish_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Mountain Jewish cuisine">Mountain Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_Jewish_cuisine" title="Moroccan Jewish cuisine">Moroccan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Jewish_cuisine" title="Syrian Jewish cuisine">Syrian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Jewish_cuisine" title="Sephardic Jewish cuisine">Sephardi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemenite_Jewish_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Yemenite Jewish cuisine">Yemenite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious dietary laws and related terms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fleishig" class="mw-redirect" title="Fleishig">Fleishig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hechsher" title="Hechsher">Hechsher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashrut" title="Kashrut">Kashrut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitniyot" title="Kitniyot">Kitniyot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosher" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosher">Kosher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_by_ingredient" title="Kosher by ingredient">Kosher by ingredient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_airline_meal" title="Kosher airline meal">Kosher airline meal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_for_Passover" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosher for Passover">Kosher for Passover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_restaurant" title="Kosher restaurant">Kosher restaurant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_style" title="Kosher style">Kosher style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashgiach" title="Mashgiach">Mashgiach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milchig" class="mw-redirect" title="Milchig">Milchig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pareve" title="Pareve">Pareve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shechita" title="Shechita">Shechita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treif" class="mw-redirect" title="Treif">Treif</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chefs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Ben-Israel" title="Ron Ben-Israel">Ron Ben-Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Frankel" title="Laura Frankel">Laura Frankel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ina_Garten" title="Ina Garten">Ina Garten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gil_Marks" title="Gil Marks">Gil Marks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Nathan" title="Joan Nathan">Joan Nathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Reichl" title="Ruth Reichl">Ruth Reichl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eyal_Shani" title="Eyal Shani">Eyal Shani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Solomonov" title="Michael Solomonov">Michael Solomonov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yotam_Ottolenghi" title="Yotam Ottolenghi">Yotam Ottolenghi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molly_Yeh" title="Molly Yeh">Molly Yeh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious foods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apples_and_honey" title="Apples and honey">Apples and honey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brisket_(dish)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brisket (dish)">Brisket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Challah" title="Challah">Challah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charoset" title="Charoset">Charoset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dabo_kolo" title="Dabo kolo">Dabo kolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etrog" title="Etrog">Etrog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanukkah_gelt" title="Hanukkah gelt">Hanukkah gelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maror" title="Maror">Maror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matzah" title="Matzah">Matzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mishloach_manot" title="Mishloach manot">Mishloach manot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouna" title="Mouna">Mouna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_petri" title="Pain petri">Pain petri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pekalach" title="Pekalach">Pekalach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Showbread" title="Showbread">Showbread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teiglach" title="Teiglach">Teiglach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeroa" title="Zeroa">Zeroa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Breads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ashkenazi breads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babka" title="Babka">Babka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Challah" title="Challah">Challah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onion_roll" title="Onion roll">Onion roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pletzel" title="Pletzel">Pletzel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumpernickel" title="Pumpernickel">Pumpernickel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_rye_bread" title="Jewish rye bread">Rye Bread</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sephardic/Mizrahi breads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bolo_(bread)" title="Bolo (bread)">Bolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Challah" title="Challah">Challah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folar" title="Folar">Folar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jachnun" title="Jachnun">Jachnun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubaneh" title="Kubaneh">Kubaneh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lachooh" class="mw-redirect" title="Lachooh">Lachooh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laffa" title="Laffa">Laffa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahmacun" title="Lahmacun">Lahmacun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavash" title="Lavash">Lavash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawach" title="Malawach">Malawach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manakish" title="Manakish">Manakish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markook_(bread)" title="Markook (bread)">Markook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouna" title="Mouna">Mouna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_petri" title="Pain petri">Pain petri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pita" title="Pita">Pita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taboon_bread" title="Taboon bread">Taboon bread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Challah" title="Challah">Water challah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethiopian breads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Injera" title="Injera">Injera</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bagels and similar breads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bagel" title="Bagel">Bagel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagel_toast" title="Bagel toast">Bagel toast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagel_with_cream_cheese" class="mw-redirect" title="Bagel with cream cheese">Bagel with cream cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bialy_(bread)" title="Bialy (bread)">Bialy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everything_bagel" title="Everything bagel">Everything bagel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal-style_bagel" title="Montreal-style bagel">Montreal-style bagel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York%E2%80%93style_bagel" title="New York–style bagel">New York–style bagel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizza_bagel" title="Pizza bagel">Pizza bagel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pancakes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pesaha_Appam" class="mw-redirect" title="Pesaha Appam">Pesaha Appam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blintz" title="Blintz">Blintz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheese_latke" title="Cheese latke">Cheese latke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chremslach" title="Chremslach">Chremslach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keftes_de_prasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Keftes de prasa">Keftes de prasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kofta" title="Kofta">Kofta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latke" title="Latke">Latke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mofletta" title="Mofletta">Mofletta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noodle_latkes" title="Noodle latkes">Noodle latkes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sweets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cakes and sweet pastries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_strudel" title="Apple strudel">Apple strudel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babka_(cake)" class="mw-redirect" title="Babka (cake)">Babka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basbousa" title="Basbousa">Basbousa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheesecake" title="Cheesecake">Cheesecake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flourless_chocolate_cake" title="Flourless chocolate cake">Flourless chocolate cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_apple_cake" title="Jewish apple cake">Jewish apple cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krantz_cake" title="Krantz cake">Krantz cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lekach" title="Lekach">Lekach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plum_cake" title="Plum cake">Plum cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugelach" title="Rugelach">Rugelach</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other desserts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baklava" title="Baklava">Baklava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashure" title="Ashure">Ashure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bambalouni" title="Bambalouni">Bambalouni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolo_(bread)" title="Bolo (bread)">Bolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrot_pudding" title="Carrot pudding">Carrot pudding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halva" title="Halva">Halva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halvah_ice_cream" title="Halvah ice cream">Halvah ice cream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_almonds" class="mw-redirect" title="Jordan almonds">Jordan almonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kogel_mogel" title="Kogel mogel">Kogel mogel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krembo" title="Krembo">Krembo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lokum" class="mw-redirect" title="Lokum">Lokum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhallebi" title="Muhallebi">Malabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marzipan" title="Marzipan">Marzipan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marunchinos" title="Marunchinos">Marunchinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milky_(pudding)" title="Milky (pudding)">Milky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mofletta" title="Mofletta">Mofletta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poppy_seed_roll" title="Poppy seed roll">Poppy seed roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sesame_seed_candy" title="Sesame seed candy">Sesame seed candy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sfinj" class="mw-redirect" title="Sfinj">Sfinj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sponge_cake" title="Sponge cake">Sponge cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufganiyah" title="Sufganiyah">Sufganiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strudel" title="Strudel">Strudel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streuselkuchen" title="Streuselkuchen">Streuselkuchen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cookies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfajor" title="Alfajor">Alfajor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biscochos" title="Biscochos">Biscochos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_and_white_cookie" title="Black and white cookie">Black and white cookie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_cookie" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese cookie">Chinese cookie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_kichel" class="mw-redirect" title="Egg kichel">Egg kichel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duvshaniot" title="Duvshaniot">Duvshaniot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadji_bada" title="Hadji bada">Hadji bada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamantaschen" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamantaschen">Hamantaschen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honey_buttons" class="mw-redirect" title="Honey buttons">Honey buttons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_almond_cookie" title="Jewish almond cookie">Jewish almond cookie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B8dekager" title="Jødekager">Jødekager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kichel" title="Kichel">Kichel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kipfel" class="mw-redirect" title="Kipfel">Kipfel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thumbprint_cookie" class="mw-redirect" title="Thumbprint cookie">Linzer cookie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27amoul" title="Ma'amoul">Ma'amoul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macaroon" title="Macaroon">Macaroons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandelbread" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandelbread">Mandelbread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marunchinos" title="Marunchinos">Marunchinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_cookie" title="Rainbow cookie">Rainbow cookie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugelach" title="Rugelach">Rugelach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahini_cookie" title="Tahini cookie">Tahini cookie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pastries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bichak" title="Bichak">Bichak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourekas" title="Bourekas">Bourekas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boyoz" title="Boyoz">Boyoz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulemas" title="Bulemas">Bulemas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chebureki" title="Chebureki">Chebureki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fl%C3%B3dni" title="Flódni">Flódni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hojaldre" class="mw-redirect" title="Hojaldre">Hojaldre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knish" title="Knish">Knish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunt" title="Nunt">Nunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastelitos_de_hoja" title="Pastelitos de hoja">Pastelitos de hoja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastilla" title="Pastilla">Pastilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirozhki" title="Pirozhki">Pirozhki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambusak" class="mw-redirect" title="Sambusak">Sambusak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziva_(dish)" title="Ziva (dish)">Ziva</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fried foods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blintz" title="Blintz">Blintz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bu%C3%B1uelo" title="Buñuelo">Buñuelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brik" title="Brik">Brik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carciofi_alla_giudia" title="Carciofi alla giudia">Carciofi alla giudia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churro" title="Churro">Churro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_schnitzel" title="Corn schnitzel">Corn schnitzel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falafel" title="Falafel">Falafel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatoot" title="Fatoot">Fatoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatoot_samneh" title="Fatoot samneh">Fatoot samneh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazuelos" title="Fazuelos">Fazuelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_and_chips" title="Fish and chips">Fish and chips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fried_cauliflower" title="Fried cauliflower">Fried cauliflower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritas_de_prasa" title="Fritas de prasa">Fritas de prasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gribenes" title="Gribenes">Gribenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jelly_doughnut" title="Jelly doughnut">Jelly doughnut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keftes_de_prasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Keftes de prasa">Keftes de prasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kibbeh" title="Kibbeh">Kibbeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ktzitzot_Khubeza" class="mw-redirect" title="Ktzitzot Khubeza">Ktzitzot Khubeza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latke" title="Latke">Latke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matzah_brei" title="Matzah brei">Matzah brei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noodle_latkes" title="Noodle latkes">Noodle latkes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potatonik" title="Potatonik">Potatonik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sfinj" class="mw-redirect" title="Sfinj">Sfinj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufganiyot" class="mw-redirect" title="Sufganiyot">Sufganiyot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teiglach" title="Teiglach">Teiglach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torrija" class="mw-redirect" title="Torrija">Torrija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulumba" title="Tulumba">Tulumba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dumplings, pastas and grain dishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bsisa" title="Bsisa">Bsisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgur" title="Bulgur">Bulgur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Couscous" title="Couscous">Couscous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dampfnudel" title="Dampfnudel">Dampfnudel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_noodles" class="mw-redirect" title="Egg noodles">Egg noodles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolma" title="Dolma">Dolma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farfel" title="Farfel">Farfel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_noodle_dishes#Spanish" title="List of noodle dishes">Fideos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freekeh" title="Freekeh">Freekeh</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gefilte fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germkn%C3%B6del" title="Germknödel">Germknödel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondi_(food)" title="Gondi (food)">Gondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasha" title="Kasha">Kasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasha_varnishkes" title="Kasha varnishkes">Kasha varnishkes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kneidlach" class="mw-redirect" title="Kneidlach">Kneidlach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kreplach" title="Kreplach">Kreplach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kibbeh" title="Kibbeh">Kibbeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubbeh" title="Kubbeh">Kubbeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lokshen_kugel" class="mw-redirect" title="Lokshen kugel">Lokshen kugel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macaroni_Hamin" title="Macaroni Hamin">Macaroni Hamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manti_(food)" title="Manti (food)">Manti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matzah_ball" title="Matzah ball">Matzah ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orez_Shu%27it" title="Orez Shu'it">Orez Shu'it</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelmeni" title="Pelmeni">Pelmeni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierogi" title="Pierogi">Pierogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilaf" title="Pilaf">Pilaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptitim" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptitim">Ptitim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirin_polo" title="Shirin polo">Shirin polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shlishkes" title="Shlishkes">Shlishkes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soup_mandels" class="mw-redirect" title="Soup mandels">Soup mandels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabbouleh" title="Tabbouleh">Tabbouleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahdig" class="mw-redirect" title="Tahdig">Tahdig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vareniki" class="mw-redirect" title="Vareniki">Vareniki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Casseroles and savory baked dishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Almadrote" class="mw-redirect" title="Almadrote">Almadrote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brisket_(Jewish_dish)" title="Brisket (Jewish dish)">Brisket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cholent" title="Cholent">Cholent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamin" title="Hamin">Hamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holishkes" title="Holishkes">Holishkes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_kugel" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerusalem kugel">Jerusalem kugel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karn%C4%B1yar%C4%B1k" title="Karnıyarık">Karnıyarık</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kishka_(food)" title="Kishka (food)">Kishka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knish" title="Knish">Knish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ktzitzot_Khubeza" class="mw-redirect" title="Ktzitzot Khubeza">Ktzitzot Khubeza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kugel" title="Kugel">Kugel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lokshen_kugel" class="mw-redirect" title="Lokshen kugel">Lokshen kugel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matzo_lasagna" title="Matzo lasagna">Matzo lasagna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pom_(dish)" title="Pom (dish)">Pom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potato_kugel" title="Potato kugel">Potato kugel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potatonik" title="Potatonik">Potatonik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B3let" title="Sólet">Sólet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuffed_artichoke" class="mw-redirect" title="Stuffed artichoke">Stuffed artichoke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuffed_cabbage" class="mw-redirect" title="Stuffed cabbage">Stuffed cabbage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuffed_peppers" title="Stuffed peppers">Stuffed peppers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagine" title="Tagine">Tagine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahni" title="Yahni">Yakhna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yapchik" title="Yapchik">Yapchik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Snacks and other baked goods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bamba_(snack)" title="Bamba (snack)">Bamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bissli" title="Bissli">Bissli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khachapuri" title="Khachapuri">Khachapuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitzuchim" title="Pitzuchim">Pitzuchim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pretzel" title="Pretzel">Pretzel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shkedei_marak" title="Shkedei marak">Shkedei marak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuffed_dates" title="Stuffed dates">Stuffed dates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sandwiches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corned_beef_sandwich" title="Corned beef sandwich">Corned beef sandwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillel_sandwich" class="mw-redirect" title="Hillel sandwich">Hillel sandwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastrami_on_rye" title="Pastrami on rye">Pastrami on rye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_sandwich" class="mw-redirect" title="Rachel sandwich">Rachel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuben_sandwich" title="Reuben sandwich">Reuben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabich" title="Sabich">Sabich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailor_sandwich" title="Sailor sandwich">Sailor sandwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawarma" title="Shawarma">Shawarma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Egg dishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beitzah" class="mw-redirect" title="Beitzah">Beitzah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatoot_samneh" title="Fatoot samneh">Fatoot samneh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haminados" title="Haminados">Haminados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardboiled_egg" class="mw-redirect" title="Hardboiled egg">Hardboiled egg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matzah_brei" title="Matzah brei">Matzah brei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matzoquiles" title="Matzoquiles">Matzoquiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakshouka" title="Shakshouka">Shakshouka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Meat dishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brisket_(dish)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brisket (dish)">Brisket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cholent" title="Cholent">Cholent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chopped_liver" title="Chopped liver">Chopped liver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corned_beef" title="Corned beef">Corned beef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gribenes" title="Gribenes">Gribenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondi_(dumpling)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gondi (dumpling)">Gondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamin" title="Hamin">Hamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helzel" title="Helzel">Helzel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_dog" title="Hot dog">Hot dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_mixed_grill" title="Jerusalem mixed grill">Jerusalem mixed grill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kebab" title="Kebab">Kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kibbeh" title="Kibbeh">Kibbeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kishka_(food)" title="Kishka (food)">Kishka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kofta" title="Kofta">Kofta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merguez" title="Merguez">Merguez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miltz" class="mw-redirect" title="Miltz">Miltz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_smoked_meat" class="mw-redirect" title="Montreal smoked meat">Montreal smoked meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pargiyot" title="Pargiyot">Pargiyot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastilla" title="Pastilla">Pastilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastirma" title="Pastirma">Pastirma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastrami" title="Pastrami">Pastrami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plov" class="mw-redirect" title="Plov">Plov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanbat_wat" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanbat wat">Sanbat wat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawarma" title="Shawarma">Shawarma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schmaltz" title="Schmaltz">Schmaltz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shish_kebab" title="Shish kebab">Shish kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shish_taouk" title="Shish taouk">Shish taouk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sujuk" title="Sujuk">Sujuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagine" title="Tagine">Tagine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fish dishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abudaraho" class="mw-redirect" title="Abudaraho">Abudaraho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chraime" title="Chraime">Chraime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dressed_herring" title="Dressed herring">Dressed herring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_and_chips" title="Fish and chips">Fish and chips</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gefilte fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravlax" title="Gravlax">Gravlax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herring" title="Herring">Herring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikra" class="mw-redirect" title="Ikra">Ikra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kipper" title="Kipper">Kipper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakerda" title="Lakerda">Lakerda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lox" title="Lox">Lox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pescado_frito" title="Pescado frito">Pescado frito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickled_herring" title="Pickled herring">Pickled herring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schmaltz_herring" title="Schmaltz herring">Schmaltz herring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoked_salmon" title="Smoked salmon">Smoked salmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoked_whitefish" class="mw-redirect" title="Smoked whitefish">Smoked whitefish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarama" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarama">Tarama</a></li> <li>Vorschmack</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitefish_salad" title="Whitefish salad">Whitefish salad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Salads and pickles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apio_(appetizer)" title="Apio (appetizer)">Apio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eggplant_salad" class="mw-redirect" title="Eggplant salad">Eggplant salad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_salad" title="Israeli salad">Israeli salad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_dill_pickle" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosher dill pickle">Kosher dill pickle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matbucha" title="Matbucha">Matbucha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickled_cucumber" title="Pickled cucumber">Pickled cucumber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabbouleh" title="Tabbouleh">Tabbouleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torshi" title="Torshi">Torshi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vegetable dishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bamia" title="Bamia">Bamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolma" title="Dolma">Dolma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuffed_cabbage" class="mw-redirect" title="Stuffed cabbage">Stuffed cabbage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzimmes" title="Tzimmes">Tzimmes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Soups and stews</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adom_kubbeh" class="mw-redirect" title="Adom kubbeh">Adom kubbeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avgolemono" title="Avgolemono">Avgolemono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borscht" title="Borscht">Borscht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamo_kubbe" class="mw-redirect" title="Chamo kubbe">Chamo kubbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicken_noodle_soup" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicken noodle soup">Chicken noodle soup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamin" class="mw-redirect" title="Chamin">Chamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamo_kubbeh" class="mw-redirect" title="Chamo kubbeh">Chamo kubbeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cholent" title="Cholent">Cholent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghormeh_sabzi" title="Ghormeh sabzi">Ghormeh sabzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondi_(food)" title="Gondi (food)">Gondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamusta_kubbeh" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamusta kubbeh">Hamusta kubbeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matzah_ball_soup" class="mw-redirect" title="Matzah ball soup">Matzah ball soup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Msoki" title="Msoki">Msoki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poike" title="Poike">Poike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanbat_wat" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanbat wat">Sanbat wat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schav" class="mw-redirect" title="Schav">Schav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sofrito_(stew)" title="Sofrito (stew)">Sofrito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarator" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarator">Tarator</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cheeses and other dairy products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akkawi" title="Akkawi">Akkawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayran" title="Ayran">Ayran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarified_butter" title="Clarified butter">Clarified butter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cottage_cheese" title="Cottage cheese">Cottage cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cream_cheese" title="Cream cheese">Cream cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmer%27s_cheese" class="mw-redirect" title="Farmer's cheese">Farmer's cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feta" title="Feta">Feta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashkaval" title="Kashkaval">Kashkaval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kefir" title="Kefir">Kefir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labneh" class="mw-redirect" title="Labneh">Labneh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quark_(cheese)" class="mw-redirect" title="Quark (cheese)">Quark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirene" title="Sirene">Sirene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smen" title="Smen">Smen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smetana_(dairy_product)" title="Smetana (dairy product)">Smetana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sour_cream" title="Sour cream">Sour cream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strained_yogurt" title="Strained yogurt">Strained yogurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzfat_cheese" class="mw-redirect" title="Tzfat cheese">Tzfat cheese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Condiments, dips and sauces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Applesauce" class="mw-redirect" title="Applesauce">Applesauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amba_(condiment)" title="Amba (condiment)">Amba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baba_ghanoush" title="Baba ghanoush">Baba ghanoush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charoset" title="Charoset">Charoset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrain" title="Chrain">Chrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filfel_chuma" class="mw-redirect" title="Filfel chuma">Filfel chuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahawiq" title="Sahawiq">Harif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harissa" title="Harissa">Harissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilbah" class="mw-redirect" title="Hilbah">Hilbeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hummus" title="Hummus">Hummus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horseradish" title="Horseradish">Horseradish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bissara" title="Bissara">Mikpah Ful</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammara" title="Muhammara">Muhammara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustard_(condiment)" title="Mustard (condiment)">Mustard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resek_avganiyot" class="mw-redirect" title="Resek avganiyot">Resek avganiyot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spicy_brown_mustard" class="mw-redirect" title="Spicy brown mustard">Spicy brown mustard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahini" title="Tahini">Tahini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatbila" title="Tatbila">Tatbila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhoug" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhoug">Zhoug</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Beverages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arak_(drink)" title="Arak (drink)">Arak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer" title="Beer">Beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boukha" title="Boukha">Boukha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boza" title="Boza">Boza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cel-Ray" title="Cel-Ray">Cel-Ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr._Brown%27s" title="Dr. Brown's">Dr. Brown's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_cream" title="Egg cream">Egg cream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grape_juice" title="Grape juice">Grape juice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedem" class="mw-redirect" title="Kedem">Kedem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linden_flower_tea" class="mw-redirect" title="Linden flower tea">Linden flower tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mint_lemonade" title="Mint lemonade">Mint lemonade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manischewitz" title="Manischewitz">Manischewitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomegranate_juice" title="Pomegranate juice">Pomegranate juice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salep" title="Salep">Salep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seltzer" class="mw-redirect" title="Seltzer">Seltzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tella" title="Tella">Tallah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vodka_Perfect" title="Vodka Perfect">Vodka Perfect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiddush" title="Kiddush">Wine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Herbs, spices and seasonings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anise" title="Anise">Anise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baharat" title="Baharat">Baharat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardamom" title="Cardamom">Cardamom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamon" title="Cinnamon">Cinnamon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicken_bouillon_powder" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicken bouillon powder">Consommé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onion" title="Onion">Dried onion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everything_bagel" title="Everything bagel">Everything bagel seasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaij" title="Hawaij">Hawaij</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_steak_seasoning" title="Montreal steak seasoning">Montreal steak seasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Licorice_root" class="mw-redirect" title="Licorice root">Licorice root</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigella_seeds" class="mw-redirect" title="Nigella seeds">Nigella seeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poppy_seed" title="Poppy seed">Poppy seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sesame_seeds" class="mw-redirect" title="Sesame seeds">Sesame seeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Za%27atar" title="Za'atar">Za'atar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eateries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appetizing_store" title="Appetizing store">Appetizing store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_dairy_restaurant" title="Jewish dairy restaurant">Dairy restaurant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_deli" title="Jewish deli">Deli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_restaurant" title="Kosher restaurant">Kosher</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_foods_with_religious_symbolism" title="List of foods with religious symbolism">List of foods with religious symbolism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jewish_cuisine_dishes" title="List of Jewish cuisine dishes">List of Jewish cuisine dishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kosher_restaurants" title="List of kosher restaurants">List of kosher restaurants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_restaurants_in_Israel" title="List of restaurants in Israel">List of restaurants in Israel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Jewish_cuisine" title="Category:Jewish cuisine">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Christmas672" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Christmas" title="Template:Christmas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Christmas" title="Template talk:Christmas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Christmas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Christmas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Christmas672" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Christmas_(holiday)" title="Blue Christmas (holiday)">Blue Christmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxing_Day" title="Boxing Day">Boxing Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_Day" title="Children's Day">Children's Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Eve" title="Christmas Eve">Christmas Eve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Nicholas_Day" title="Saint Nicholas Day">Saint Nicholas Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Stephen%27s_Day" title="Saint Stephen's Day">Saint Stephen's Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sol_Invictus" title="Sol Invictus">Sol Invictus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yule" title="Yule">Yule</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In<br />Christianity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christ_Child" title="Christ Child">Christ Child</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_Magi" title="Biblical Magi">Biblical Magi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adoration_of_the_Magi" title="Adoration of the Magi">Adoration of the Magi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adoration_of_the_Shepherds" title="Adoration of the Shepherds">Adoration of the Shepherds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advent" title="Advent">Advent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Angel Gabriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annunciation" title="Annunciation">Annunciation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annunciation_to_the_shepherds" title="Annunciation to the shepherds">Annunciation to the shepherds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethlehem" title="Bethlehem">Bethlehem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmastide" title="Christmastide">Christmastide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epiphany_(holiday)" title="Epiphany (holiday)">Epiphany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herod_the_Great" title="Herod the Great">Herod the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_the_Innocents" title="Massacre of the Innocents">Massacre of the Innocents</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flight_into_Egypt" title="Flight into Egypt">flight into Egypt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_Fast" title="Nativity Fast">Nativity Fast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Nativity of Jesus">Nativity of Jesus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus_in_art" title="Nativity of Jesus in art">in art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus_in_later_culture" title="Nativity of Jesus in later culture">in later culture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_scene" title="Nativity scene">Nativity scene</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_nativity_scene" title="Neapolitan nativity scene">Neapolitan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_of_Bethlehem" title="Star of Bethlehem">Star of Bethlehem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Night_(holiday)" title="Twelfth Night (holiday)">Twelfth Night</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In folklore</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Badalisc" title="Badalisc">Badalisc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caganer" title="Caganer">Caganer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christkind" title="Christkind">Christkind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%BDla" title="Grýla">Grýla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Frost" title="Jack Frost">Jack Frost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korvatunturi" title="Korvatunturi">Korvatunturi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kallikantzaros" title="Kallikantzaros">Kallikantzaros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legend_of_the_Christmas_Spider" title="Legend of the Christmas Spider">Legend of the Christmas Spider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mari_Lwyd" title="Mari Lwyd">Mari Lwyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miner%27s_figure" title="Miner's figure">Miner's figure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisse_(folklore)" title="Nisse (folklore)">Nisse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Pole" title="North Pole">North Pole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Man_Winter" title="Old Man Winter">Old Man Winter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perchta" title="Perchta">Perchta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa%27s_workshop" title="Santa's workshop">Santa's workshop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ti%C3%B3_de_Nadal" title="Tió de Nadal">Tió de Nadal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turo%C5%84" title="Turoń">Turoń</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertep" title="Vertep">Vertep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus_I,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Wenceslaus I, Duke of Bohemia">Wenceslaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yule_cat" title="Yule cat">Yule cat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christmas_gift-bringer" title="Christmas gift-bringer">Gift-bringers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Nicholas" title="Saint Nicholas">Saint Nicholas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Nicholas_(European_folklore)" title="Saint Nicholas (European folklore)">folklore</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Claus" title="Santa Claus">Santa Claus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Befana" title="Befana">Befana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ded_Moroz" title="Ded Moroz">Ded Moroz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Father_Christmas" title="Father Christmas">Father Christmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grandpa_Indian" title="Grandpa Indian">Grandpa Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joulupukki" title="Joulupukki">Joulupukki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julemanden" title="Julemanden">Julemanden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noel_Baba" title="Noel Baba">Noel Baba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olentzero" title="Olentzero">Olentzero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A8re_No%C3%ABl" title="Père Noël">Père Noël</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinterklaas" title="Sinterklaas">Sinterklaas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christmas_and_winter_gift-bringers" title="List of Christmas and winter gift-bringers">Others</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Companions_of_Saint_Nicholas" title="Companions of Saint Nicholas">Companions of<br />Saint Nicholas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belsnickel" title="Belsnickel">Belsnickel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_elf" title="Christmas elf">Elves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knecht_Ruprecht" title="Knecht Ruprecht">Knecht Ruprecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krampus" title="Krampus">Krampus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mrs._Claus" title="Mrs. Claus">Mrs. Claus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A8re_Fouettard" title="Père Fouettard">Père Fouettard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sack_Man" title="Sack Man">Sack Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Claus%27_daughter" title="Santa Claus' daughter">Santa Claus' daughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Claus%27s_reindeer" title="Santa Claus's reindeer">Santa's reindeer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rudolph_the_Red-Nosed_Reindeer" title="Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer">Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snegurochka" title="Snegurochka">Snegurochka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zwarte_Piet" title="Zwarte Piet">Zwarte Piet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christmas_traditions" title="Christmas traditions">Traditions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advent_calendar" title="Advent calendar">Advent calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advent_candle" title="Advent candle">Advent candle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advent_wreath" title="Advent wreath">Advent wreath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boar%27s_Head_Feast" title="Boar's Head Feast">Boar's Head Feast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwibbogen" title="Schwibbogen">Candle arches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalking_the_door" title="Chalking the door">Chalking the door</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_card" title="Christmas card">Cards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carols_by_Candlelight" title="Carols by Candlelight">Carols by Candlelight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavalcade_of_Magi" title="Cavalcade of Magi">Cavalcade of Magi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christingle" title="Christingle">Christingle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_jumper" title="Christmas jumper">Christmas jumper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Peace" title="Christmas Peace">Christmas Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_cracker" title="Christmas cracker">Crackers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_decoration" title="Christmas decoration">Decorations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didukh" title="Didukh">Didukh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Elf_on_the_Shelf" title="The Elf on the Shelf">The Elf on the Shelf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Seven_Fishes" title="Feast of the Seven Fishes">Feast of the Seven Fishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flying_Santa" title="Flying Santa">Flying Santa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_gift" title="Christmas gift">Gifts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Santa_Tracker" title="Google Santa Tracker">Google Santa Tracker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamper#Christmas_hamper" title="Hamper">Hampers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Posadas" title="Las Posadas">Las Posadas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round-robin_letter" title="Round-robin letter">Letters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_lights" title="Christmas lights">Lights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_of_Misrule" title="Lord of Misrule">Lord of Misrule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_market" title="Christmas market">Markets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midnight_Mass" title="Midnight Mass">Midnight Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moravian_star" title="Moravian star">Moravian star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mummers%27_play" title="Mummers' play">Mummers' play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_Lessons_and_Carols" title="Nine Lessons and Carols">Nine Lessons and Carols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NORAD_Tracks_Santa" title="NORAD Tracks Santa">NORAD Tracks Santa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nutcracker" title="Nutcracker">Nutcrackers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nutcracker_doll" title="Nutcracker doll">dolls</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_ornament" title="Christmas ornament">Ornaments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Claus_parade" title="Santa Claus parade">Parades</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christmas_and_holiday_season_parades" title="List of Christmas and holiday season parades">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pi%C3%B1ata" title="Piñata">Piñatas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poinsettia" title="Poinsettia">Poinsettia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_pyramid" title="Christmas pyramid">Pyramids</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A4uchermann" title="Räuchermann">Räuchermann</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_seals" class="mw-redirect" title="Christmas seals">Christmas seals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secret_Santa" title="Secret Santa">Secret Santa</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spanbaum" title="Spanbaum">Spanbaum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w_szopka" title="Kraków szopka">Szopka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_stamp" title="Christmas stamp">Stamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_stocking" title="Christmas stocking">Stockings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_tree" title="Christmas tree">Tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Days_of_Christmas" title="Twelve Days of Christmas">Twelve Days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wassailing" title="Wassailing">Wassailing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_window" title="Christmas window">Windows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yule_goat" title="Yule goat">Yule goat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yule_log" title="Yule log">Yule log</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Observance_of_Christmas_by_country" title="Observance of Christmas by country">By country</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Australia" title="Christmas in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boro_Din" title="Boro Din">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Colombia" title="Christmas in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yule_and_Christmas_in_Denmark" title="Yule and Christmas in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Christmas" title="Ethiopian Christmas">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Finland" title="Christmas in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_France" title="Christmas in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weihnachten" title="Weihnachten">Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Christmas in Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Hungary" title="Christmas in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Iceland" title="Christmas in Iceland">Iceland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Christmas_folklore" title="Icelandic Christmas folklore">folklore</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Indonesia" title="Christmas in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Ireland" title="Christmas in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Italy" title="Christmas in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Mexico" title="Christmas in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_New_Zealand" title="Christmas in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Norway" title="Christmas in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_the_Philippines" title="Christmas in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Poland" title="Christmas in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Romania" title="Christmas in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Russia" title="Christmas in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Scotland" title="Christmas in Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Serbia" title="Christmas in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Sweden" title="Christmas in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Ukraine" title="Christmas in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li>United States <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Christmas in the American Civil War">American Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Hawaii" title="Christmas in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_New_Mexico" title="Christmas in New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christmas_music" title="Christmas music">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_carol" title="Christmas carol">Carols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christmas_carols" title="List of Christmas carols">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christmas_operas" title="List of Christmas operas">Operas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christmas_hit_singles_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of Christmas hit singles in the United Kingdom">Hit singles in the UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_popular_Christmas_singles_in_the_United_States" title="List of popular Christmas singles in the United States">Hit singles in the US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billboard_Christmas_Holiday_charts" title="Billboard Christmas Holiday charts">Music charts (<i>Billboard</i>)</a></li> <li>Music books <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Carols_for_Choirs" title="Carols for Choirs">Carols for Choirs</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Oxford_Book_of_Carols" title="The Oxford Book of Carols">The Oxford Book of Carols</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Oxford_Book_of_Carols" title="The New Oxford Book of Carols">The New Oxford Book of Carols</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Piae_Cantiones" title="Piae Cantiones">Piae Cantiones</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christmas_by_medium" title="Christmas by medium">Other media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christmas-themed_literature" title="List of Christmas-themed literature">In literature</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Christmas_Carol" title="A Christmas Carol">A Christmas Carol</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christmas_films" title="List of Christmas films">Films</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Claus_in_film" title="Santa Claus in film">Santa Claus in film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_horror" title="Christmas horror">Christmas horror</a></li></ul></li> <li>Poetry <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Old_Santeclaus_with_Much_Delight" title="Old Santeclaus with Much Delight">Old Santeclaus with Much Delight</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Visit_from_St._Nicholas" title="A Visit from St. Nicholas">A Visit from St. Nicholas</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Christmas_Day_in_the_Workhouse" title="Christmas Day in the Workhouse">Christmas Day in the Workhouse</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Journey_of_the_Magi" title="Journey of the Magi">Journey of the Magi</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Tomten_(poem)" title="Tomten (poem)">Tomten</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christmas_television_specials" title="List of Christmas television specials">Christmas television specials</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Christmas_television_specials" title="List of United States Christmas television specials">United States</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yule_Log_(TV_program)" title="Yule Log (TV program)">Yule Log</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_8_Genesis_reading" title="Apollo 8 Genesis reading">Apollo 8 Genesis reading</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In<br />modern<br />society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Advent Conspiracy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Friday_(partying)" title="Black Friday (partying)">Black Friday (partying)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Friday_(shopping)" title="Black Friday (shopping)">Black Friday (shopping)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronner%27s_Christmas_Wonderland" title="Bronner's Christmas Wonderland">Bronner's Christmas Wonderland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_and_holiday_season" title="Christmas and holiday season">Christmas and holiday season</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_club" title="Christmas club">Christmas club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_creep" title="Christmas creep">Christmas creep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Day_(Trading)_Act_2004" title="Christmas Day (Trading) Act 2004">Christmas Day (Trading) Act 2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_jumper" title="Christmas jumper">Christmas jumpers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Institution_Christmas_Lectures" title="Royal Institution Christmas Lectures">Christmas Lectures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmasland_in_New_Taipei_City" title="Christmasland in New Taipei City">Christmasland in New Taipei City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Mountains" title="Christmas Mountains">Christmas Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_seals" class="mw-redirect" title="Christmas seals">Christmas seals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_truce" title="Christmas truce">Christmas truce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_controversies" title="Christmas controversies">Controversies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyber_Monday" title="Cyber Monday">Cyber Monday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economics_of_Christmas" title="Economics of Christmas">Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GivingTuesday" title="GivingTuesday">GivingTuesday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grinch" title="Grinch">Grinch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Christmas_Lottery" title="Spanish Christmas Lottery">El Gordo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jews_and_Christmas" title="Jews and Christmas">Jews and Christmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_July" title="Christmas in July">In July</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_August_(Yellowstone)" title="Christmas in August (Yellowstone)">In August</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBA_Christmas_games" title="NBA Christmas games">NBA games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFL_on_Christmas_Day" title="NFL on Christmas Day">NFL games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pikkujoulu" title="Pikkujoulu">Pikkujoulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SantaCon" title="SantaCon">SantaCon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa%27s_Candy_Castle" title="Santa's Candy Castle">Santa's Candy Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Claus_Village" title="Santa Claus Village">Santa Claus Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebenezer_Scrooge" title="Ebenezer Scrooge">Scrooge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Business_Saturday" title="Small Business Saturday">Small Business Saturday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Saturday" title="Super Saturday">Super Saturday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_O%27Hanlon" title="Virginia O'Hanlon">Virginia O'Hanlon</a> ("<a href="/wiki/Yes,_Virginia,_there_is_a_Santa_Claus" title="Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus">Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus</a>")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Christmas_(weather)" title="White Christmas (weather)">White Christmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xmas" title="Xmas">Xmas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christmas_dishes" title="List of Christmas dishes">Food and<br />drink</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em"><a href="/wiki/Christmas_dinner" title="Christmas dinner">Dinner</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joulup%C3%B6yt%C3%A4" title="Joulupöytä">Joulupöytä</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smorgasbord#Julbord" title="Smorgasbord">Julbord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julebord" title="Julebord">Julebord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%AB%C4%8Dios" title="Kūčios">Kūčios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9veillon" title="Réveillon">Réveillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_desserts" title="Thirteen desserts">Thirteen desserts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelve-dish_Christmas_Eve_supper" title="Twelve-dish Christmas Eve supper">Twelve-dish supper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wigilia" title="Wigilia">Wigilia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em">Sweets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baked_Alaska" title="Baked Alaska">Baked Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candy_cane" title="Candy cane">Candy cane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_cake" title="Christmas cake">Cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_cookie" title="Christmas cookie">Cookie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cozonac" title="Cozonac">Cozonac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruitcake" title="Fruitcake">Fruitcake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gingerbread" title="Gingerbread">Gingerbread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutia" title="Kutia">Kutia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mak%C3%B3wki" title="Makówki">Makówki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melomakarono" title="Melomakarono">Melomakarono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mince_pie" title="Mince pie">Mince pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pampushka" title="Pampushka">Pampushka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panettone" title="Panettone">Panettone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavlova_(dessert)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pavlova (dessert)">Pavlova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pecan_pie" title="Pecan pie">Pecan pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poppy_seed_roll" title="Poppy seed roll">Poppy seed roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_pudding" title="Christmas pudding">Pudding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumpkin_pie" title="Pumpkin pie">Pumpkin pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qurabiya" title="Qurabiya">Qurabiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_velvet_cake" title="Red velvet cake">Red velvet cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_plum" title="Sugar plum">Sugar plum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stollen" title="Stollen">Stollen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Szaloncukor" title="Szaloncukor">Szaloncukor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turr%C3%B3n" title="Turrón">Turrón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yule_log_(cake)" title="Yule log (cake)">Yule log</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em">Soup</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Menudo_(soup)" title="Menudo (soup)">Menudo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borscht" title="Borscht">Borscht</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em">Sauces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bread_sauce" title="Bread sauce">Bread sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cranberry_sauce" title="Cranberry sauce">Cranberry sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redcurrant_sauce" title="Redcurrant sauce">Redcurrant sauce</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em">Beverages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_cider" title="Apple cider">Apple cider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champurrado" title="Champurrado">Champurrado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eggnog" title="Eggnog">Eggnog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_chocolate" title="Hot chocolate">Hot chocolate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kissel" title="Kissel">Kissel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulled_wine" title="Mulled wine">Mulled wine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_bishop" title="Smoking bishop">Smoking bishop</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponche_crema" title="Ponche crema">Ponche crema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snowball_(cocktail)" title="Snowball (cocktail)">Snowball</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em">Dumplings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hallaca" title="Hallaca">Hallaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierogi" title="Pierogi">Pierogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamale" title="Tamale">Tamale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em">Meat and fish</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carp" title="Carp">Carp</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gefilte fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_ham" title="Christmas ham">Ham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickled_herring" title="Pickled herring">Pickled herring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roast_goose" title="Roast goose">Roast goose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romeritos" title="Romeritos">Romeritos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuffing" title="Stuffing">Stuffing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourti%C3%A8re" title="Tourtière">Tourtière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey_meat" title="Turkey meat">Turkey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td 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