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<ul id="toc-Recipe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Types</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Types-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Types subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Spanish_turrón" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spanish_turrón"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Spanish <i>turrón</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spanish_turrón-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Italian_torrone" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italian_torrone"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Italian <i>torrone</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italian_torrone-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Peruvian_turrón" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peruvian_turrón"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Peruvian <i>turrón</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Peruvian_turrón-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philippine_turrón" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philippine_turrón"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Philippine <i>turrón</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philippine_turrón-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Puerto_Rican_turrón" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Puerto_Rican_turrón"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Puerto Rican <i>turrón</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Puerto_Rican_turrón-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuban_turrón" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuban_turrón"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Cuban <i>turrón</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuban_turrón-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Protected_status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protected_status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Protected status</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Protected_status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet 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Available in 27 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A" title="توروني – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="توروني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turron" title="Turron – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Turron" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Турон – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Турон" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torr%C3%B3" title="Torró – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Torró" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turr%C3%B3n" title="Turrón – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Turrón" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turr%C3%B3n" title="Turrón – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Turrón" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turr%C3%B3n" title="Turrón – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Turrón" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turr%C3%B3n" title="Turrón – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Turrón" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turroi" title="Turroi – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Turroi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Touron" title="Touron – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Touron" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turr%C3%B3n" title="Turrón – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Turrón" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BC%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Տուռոն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տուռոն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torrone" title="Torrone – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Torrone" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turr%C3%B3n" title="Turrón – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Turrón" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Туррон – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Туррон" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torro" title="Torro – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Torro" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turr%C3%B3n" title="Turrón – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Turrón" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%88%E3%82%A5%E3%83%AD%E3%83%B3" title="トゥロン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="トゥロン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turr%C3%B3n" title="Turrón – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Turrón" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turr%C3%B3n" title="Turrón – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Turrón" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torr%C3%A3o_(doce)" title="Torrão (doce) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Torrão (doce)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Туррон – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Туррон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turrone" title="Turrone – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Turrone" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turr%C3%B3n" title="Turrón – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Turrón" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turr%C3%B3n" title="Turrón – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Turrón" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turon_(lutuing_Kastila)" title="Turon (lutuing Kastila) – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Turon (lutuing Kastila)" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Турро – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Турро" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q159304#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Southern European nougat confection</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Valencian confection. For the Filipino banana spring roll, see <a href="/wiki/Turon_(food)" title="Turon (food)">Turon (food)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Touron" title="Touron">Touron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turon_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Turon (disambiguation)">Turon</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Toroni" title="Toroni">Toroni</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hrecipe adr"><caption class="infobox-title fn"><span><i>Turrón</i></span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Turr%C3%B3n_de_Alicante_(Casa_Mira).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Turr%C3%B3n_de_Alicante_%28Casa_Mira%29.jpg/250px-Turr%C3%B3n_de_Alicante_%28Casa_Mira%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Turr%C3%B3n_de_Alicante_%28Casa_Mira%29.jpg/375px-Turr%C3%B3n_de_Alicante_%28Casa_Mira%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Turr%C3%B3n_de_Alicante_%28Casa_Mira%29.jpg/500px-Turr%C3%B3n_de_Alicante_%28Casa_Mira%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding-bottom:0.25em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><i>Turrón</i> from <a href="/wiki/Alicante" title="Alicante">Alicante</a>, Spain</div></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Alternative names</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Torró</i>, <i>torrone</i>, <i>torrão</i>, <i>turon</i>, <i>turrone</i>, <i>nougat</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Confectionery" title="Confectionery">Confectionery</a></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Place of origin</th><td class="infobox-data country-name"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Main ingredients</th><td class="infobox-data ingredient"><a href="/wiki/Honey" title="Honey">Honey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">sugar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egg_white" title="Egg white">egg whites</a>, <a href="/wiki/Almond" title="Almond">almonds</a> or other <a href="/wiki/Nut_(fruit)" title="Nut (fruit)">nuts</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:0.25em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Turr%C3%B3n" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Turrón">Media: <i>Turrón</i></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Turrón</b></i> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Spanish:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="es-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[tuˈron]</a></span>), <i><b>torró</b></i> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Valencian:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ca-valencia-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Catalan" title="Help:IPA/Catalan">[toˈro]</a></span>) or <i><b>torrone</b></i> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Italian:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="it-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian" title="Help:IPA/Italian">[torˈroːne]</a></span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_cuisine" title="Mediterranean cuisine">Mediterranean</a> <a href="/wiki/Nougat" title="Nougat">nougat</a> confection, typically made of honey, sugar, and egg white, with toasted almonds or other nuts, and usually shaped either into a rectangular tablet or a round cake. <i>Turrón</i> is usually eaten as a dessert food around Christmas in <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turr%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This <a href="/wiki/Nougat" title="Nougat">nougat</a> confection is known by similar names in different languages. In Spanish it is <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">turrón</i></span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Spanish:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="es-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[tuˈron]</a></span>), in Catalan <span title="Catalan-language text"><i lang="ca">torró</i></span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Catalan:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ca-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Catalan" title="Help:IPA/Catalan">[tuˈro]</a></span>), in Valencian <span title="Valencian-language text"><i lang="ca-valencia">torró</i></span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Valencian:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ca-valencia-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Catalan" title="Help:IPA/Catalan">[toˈro]</a></span>), in Italian <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">torrone</i></span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Italian:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="it-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian" title="Help:IPA/Italian">[torˈroːne]</a></span>), in Portuguese <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">torrão</i></span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Portuguese:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="pt-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Portuguese" title="Help:IPA/Portuguese">[tuˈʁɐ̃w]</a></span>), and in Brazilian Portuguese <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">torrone</i></span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Portuguese:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="pt-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Portuguese" title="Help:IPA/Portuguese">[toˈʁoni]</a></span>). In Sardinian it is called <span title="Sardinian-language text"><i lang="sc">turrone</i></span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Sardinian:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="sc-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Sardinian" title="Help:IPA/Sardinian">[tuˈrɔnɛ]</a></span>) and in Tagalog <span title="Tagalog-language text"><i lang="tl">turon</i></span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Tagalog:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="tl-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tagalog" title="Help:IPA/Tagalog">[tuˈɾon]</a></span>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recipe">Recipe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turr%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Recipe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 16th-century <i>Manual de Mujeres</i> (<i>Women's handbook</i>), a handbook of recipes for cosmetics and some foodstuffs, has what is probably the oldest existing Spanish <i>turrón</i> recipe.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It calls for honey and some egg whites, cooked until it becomes breakable once cooled. Once the honey is caramelized the recipe suggests adding pine nuts, almonds or hazelnuts, peeled and roasted. The mix is then cooked a bit further, and finally removed from the heat and cut into slices. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turr%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>All versions of the name appear to have been derived from <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> <i>torrere</i> ('to toast'). The modern confection might be derived from the Muslim recipe prevalent in parts of <a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus" title="Al-Andalus">Islamic Spain</a> known as <i>turun</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Quesada_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Quesada-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or even from an ancient Greek recipe.<sup id="cite_ref-Quesada_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Quesada-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One may also point to a similar confection named <i>cupedia</i> or <i>cupeto</i> that was marketed in Ancient Rome and noted by Roman poets.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Turrón</i> or <i>torró</i> has been known at least since the 15th century in the city of <a href="/wiki/Jijona/Xixona" class="mw-redirect" title="Jijona/Xixona">Jijona/Xixona</a> (formerly Sexona), north of <a href="/wiki/Alicante" title="Alicante">Alicante</a>. <i>Turrón</i> is commonly consumed in most of Spain, some countries of Latin America, and in <a href="/wiki/Roussillon" title="Roussillon">Roussillon</a> (France). The similar <i>torrone</i> is typical of <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cremona" title="Cremona">Cremona</a> and <a href="/wiki/Benevento" title="Benevento">Benevento</a>, in Italy. Similar confections, called <i>panucha</i>, are produced in the Philippines. </p><p>Variations are found in several regions of the northern Mediterranean. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turr%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Turrón</i> itself can take on a variety of consistencies and appearances, however, they traditionally consisted of the same ingredients; the final product may be either hard and crunchy, or soft and chewy. Thirty years ago almost all <i>turrón</i> recipes followed the same specifications, but since the diversification of products there are currently dozens of varieties: chocolate with puffed rice or whole almonds; all kinds of chocolate <a href="/wiki/Praline_(nut_confection)" title="Praline (nut confection)">pralines</a>, with or without liquor, candied fruits or whole nuts; fruit pralines; and even sugarless variations (sweetened with <a href="/wiki/Fructose" title="Fructose">fructose</a> or artificial <a href="/wiki/Sugar_substitute" title="Sugar substitute">sweeteners</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spanish_turrón"><span id="Spanish_turr.C3.B3n"></span>Spanish <i>turrón</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turr%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Spanish turrón"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Traditional Spanish <i>turrón</i> may be classified as: </p> <ul><li>Hard / <i>duro</i> (the <i>Alicante</i> or <i>Alacant</i> variety, named after the city of <a href="/wiki/Alacant" class="mw-redirect" title="Alacant">Alacant</a>): a compact block of whole almonds in a mass of eggs, honey and sugar; 60% almonds. Depending on the thickness, one may find it difficult to break pieces of <i>turrón duro</i> as it is so rigid.</li> <li>Soft / <i>blando</i> (the <i>Jijona</i> or <i>Xixona</i> variety, named after the city of <a href="/wiki/Xixona" class="mw-redirect" title="Xixona">Xixona</a>): the almonds are reduced to a paste. The addition of oil makes the matrix bond better; 64% almonds.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Turrón blando</i> has a much more mushy and crumbly consistency.</li></ul> <p>This variation in ingredients and resulting dryness reflects a continuum that exists also in amaretto (almond-flavored) cookies, from a <a href="/wiki/Meringue" title="Meringue">meringue</a> to a <a href="/wiki/Macaroon" title="Macaroon">macaroon</a>. </p><p>Other varieties include <i>torró d'<a href="/wiki/Agramunt" title="Agramunt">Agramunt</a></i> from near <a href="/wiki/Lleida" title="Lleida">Lleida</a>, <i>torró de <a href="/wiki/Xerta" title="Xerta">Xerta</a></i> from near <a href="/wiki/Tortosa" title="Tortosa">Tortosa</a> and <i>torró de <a href="/wiki/Casinos,_Valencia" class="mw-redirect" title="Casinos, Valencia">Casinos</a></i>. </p><p>In modern times, the name <i>turrón</i> has widened its meaning in Spain to include many other sweet preparations that, in common with traditional <i>turrón</i>, are sold in bars of around 20 x 10 x 3 cm. These bars can have chocolate, marzipan, coconut, caramel, candied fruit, etc. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Italian_torrone">Italian <i>torrone</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turr%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Italian torrone"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Torrone_Classico_08_(RaBoe).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Torrone_Classico_08_%28RaBoe%29.jpg/220px-Torrone_Classico_08_%28RaBoe%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Torrone_Classico_08_%28RaBoe%29.jpg/330px-Torrone_Classico_08_%28RaBoe%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Torrone_Classico_08_%28RaBoe%29.jpg/440px-Torrone_Classico_08_%28RaBoe%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><i>Torrone classico</i></figcaption></figure> <p><i>Torrone</i> is a traditional winter and <a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Italy" title="Christmas in Italy">Christmas</a> confection in Italy and many varieties exist. It differs from the Spanish version in that a lower proportion of nuts is used in the confection. Traditional versions from <a href="/wiki/Cremona" title="Cremona">Cremona</a>, Lombardy, range widely in texture (<i>morbido</i> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">soft</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>) and chewy, to <i>duro</i> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">hard</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>) and brittle) and in flavor (with various citrus flavorings, <a href="/wiki/Vanilla" title="Vanilla">vanilla</a>, etc., added to the nougat) and may contain whole hazelnuts, almonds and pistachios or only have nut meal added to the nougat. Some commercial versions are dipped in chocolate. The popular recipes have varied with time and differ from one region to the next. <i>Torrone di Benevento</i> from <a href="/wiki/Benevento" title="Benevento">Benevento</a>, Campania, sometimes goes by the historic name <i>Cupedia</i>, which signifies the crumbly version made with hazelnuts. The softer version is made with almonds. The <i>torrone di Benevento</i> is considered to be the oldest of its kind since it predates Roman times and was widely known in the territories of Samnium.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources"><span title="The material near this tag may rely on an unreliable source. (December 2016)">unreliable source?</span></a></i>]</sup> Although originally resembling sticky paste, it now differs only marginally from the varieties of <i>torrone di Cremona</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Abruzzo" title="Abruzzo">Abruzzo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sardinia" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a> also have local versions that may be slightly distinct from the two main denominations from Lombardy and Campania.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><i>Torrone di mandorle</i> (usually eaten around Christmas): blocks of chopped almonds in a brittle mass of honey and sugar.</li> <li><i>Torrone di <a href="/wiki/Bagnara_Calabra" title="Bagnara Calabra">Bagnara Calabra</a></i> is a well-known <i>torrone</i> given the designation IGP. The recipe, which dates from at least 1700, includes orange blossom honey (from <a href="/wiki/Calabria" title="Calabria">Calabria</a>), almonds (from Sicily), egg whites, sugar, cocoa, and essential oil. There are two variations: <i>Martiniana</i>, dusted in confectioners sugar; <i>Torrefatto</i>, dusted in cocoa powder.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Peruvian_turrón"><span id="Peruvian_turr.C3.B3n"></span>Peruvian <i>turrón</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turr%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Peruvian turrón"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Turr%C3%B3n_de_Do%C3%B1a_Pepa_(nougat)_(30092810110).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Doña Pepa turrón" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Turr%C3%B3n_de_Do%C3%B1a_Pepa_%28nougat%29_%2830092810110%29.jpg/220px-Turr%C3%B3n_de_Do%C3%B1a_Pepa_%28nougat%29_%2830092810110%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Turr%C3%B3n_de_Do%C3%B1a_Pepa_%28nougat%29_%2830092810110%29.jpg/330px-Turr%C3%B3n_de_Do%C3%B1a_Pepa_%28nougat%29_%2830092810110%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Turr%C3%B3n_de_Do%C3%B1a_Pepa_%28nougat%29_%2830092810110%29.jpg/440px-Turr%C3%B3n_de_Do%C3%B1a_Pepa_%28nougat%29_%2830092810110%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="1620" /></a><figcaption><i>Turrón de Doña Pepa</i></figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Peruvian_cuisine" title="Peruvian cuisine">Peruvian cuisine</a> <i>turrón</i> generally is soft and may be flavored with <a href="/wiki/Anise" title="Anise">anise</a>. The original Spanish recipe, which contained ingredients that were rare or expensive in Peru (such as almonds, rose water, orange blossom water, honey), was modified in a variety of ways. One common variety found in Lima is <i>turrón de Doña Pepa</i>, an anise and honey nougat that is traditionally prepared for the Señor de los Milagros (or <a href="/wiki/Lord_of_Miracles" title="Lord of Miracles">Lord of Miracles</a>) religious procession, during October. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Philippine_turrón"><span id="Philippine_turr.C3.B3n"></span>Philippine <i>turrón</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turr%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Philippine turrón"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Turrones_de_casuy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Turrones_de_casuy.jpg/220px-Turrones_de_casuy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Turrones_de_casuy.jpg/330px-Turrones_de_casuy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Turrones_de_casuy.jpg/440px-Turrones_de_casuy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4080" data-file-height="3060" /></a><figcaption>A platter of turrones de casuy with Philippine 5-peso coin for scale</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Masareal_(Philippines).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Masareal_%28Philippines%29.jpg/220px-Masareal_%28Philippines%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Masareal_%28Philippines%29.jpg/330px-Masareal_%28Philippines%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Masareal_%28Philippines%29.jpg/440px-Masareal_%28Philippines%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3424" data-file-height="2268" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Filipino_cuisine" title="Filipino cuisine">Filipino</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Masareal" title="Masareal">masareal</a></i>, a confection made from ground peanuts and syrup</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Turron_de_mani_or_Peanut_lumpia_(Philippines).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Turron_de_mani_or_Peanut_lumpia_%28Philippines%29.jpg/220px-Turron_de_mani_or_Peanut_lumpia_%28Philippines%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Turron_de_mani_or_Peanut_lumpia_%28Philippines%29.jpg/330px-Turron_de_mani_or_Peanut_lumpia_%28Philippines%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Turron_de_mani_or_Peanut_lumpia_%28Philippines%29.jpg/440px-Turron_de_mani_or_Peanut_lumpia_%28Philippines%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2268" /></a><figcaption>Filipino <i>turón de mani</i>, a type of dessert <i><a href="/wiki/Lumpia" title="Lumpia">lumpia</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Turon_(food)" title="Turon (food)"><i>turón</i></a>) made of ground peanuts in a <a href="/wiki/Spring_roll" title="Spring roll">spring roll</a> wrapper</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Cashew" title="Cashew">Cashew</a> <i>turrón</i> (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language_in_the_Philippines" title="Spanish language in the Philippines">Philippine Spanish</a>: <i>turrones de casúy</i>; <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i>turrones de anacardo</i>) from <a href="/wiki/Pampanga" title="Pampanga">Pampanga</a> <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_the_Philippines" title="Provinces of the Philippines">Province</a> is a derivative. It is a bar of <a href="/wiki/Marzipan" title="Marzipan">marzipan</a> made with cashew nuts, and wrapped in a white wafer. Unlike in the rest of <a href="/wiki/Hispanidad" title="Hispanidad">Hispanidad</a>, this candy is not associated with the holiday season. Another derivative is the <i>turrones de pili</i>, made using the native <a href="/wiki/Pili_nut" class="mw-redirect" title="Pili nut">pili nut</a>. </p><p>A similar delicacy is the <i><a href="/wiki/Masareal" title="Masareal">masareal</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Mandaue" title="Mandaue">Mandaue</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cebu" title="Cebu">Cebu</a> which is made from finely-ground boiled peanuts, sugar or syrup (<i><a href="/wiki/Latik" title="Latik">latik</a></i>), and water. It is typically not as dry as the <i>turrón</i>, however.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A derivative but very different <a href="/wiki/Street_food" title="Street food">street food</a> is the <i><a href="/wiki/Turon_(food)" title="Turon (food)">turón</a></i>, which is a dessert version of the Filipino <i><a href="/wiki/Lumpia" title="Lumpia">lumpia</a></i>. The most common is the <i>turón na saging</i>, which are sliced banana or <a href="/wiki/Plantain_(cooking)" class="mw-redirect" title="Plantain (cooking)">plantain</a> dipped in <a href="/wiki/Brown_sugar" title="Brown sugar">brown sugar</a>, wrapped in <a href="/wiki/Spring_roll" title="Spring roll">spring roll</a> wrappers, and deep-fried. However, there are numerous other fillings of <i>turón</i>, including <a href="/wiki/Purple_yam" class="mw-redirect" title="Purple yam">ube</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweet_potato" title="Sweet potato">sweet potato</a>, and even peanuts, like the <i>turón de mani</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Palomar_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palomar-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Puerto_Rican_turrón"><span id="Puerto_Rican_turr.C3.B3n"></span>Puerto Rican <i>turrón</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turr%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Puerto Rican turrón"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Puerto Rico, <i>turrón</i> is called <i>turrón de ajonjolí</i> (sesame <i>turrón</i>). Puerto Rican <i>turrón</i> is made with toasted black and white sesame seeds, ground cinnamon, lemon juice, bound together by caramelized brown sugar and honey. Other varieties include almonds, lime zest, sunflower seeds with flax seeds, orange zest, and toasted coconut flakes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuban_turrón"><span id="Cuban_turr.C3.B3n"></span>Cuban <i>turrón</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turr%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Cuban turrón"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Cuba, <i>turrón de maní</i> (peanut nougat) is a traditional sweet treat. Snack-sized bars are usually peddled across bus stops and crowds, though family loaves of up to two pounds are also available. They run in two variants: <i>blando</i>, ground peanuts pressed into bars with brown sugar; and <i>duro</i>, coarsely chopped roasted peanuts bound together with caramelized sugar and honey. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Protected_status">Protected status</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turr%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Protected status"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Various types of <i>turrón</i>/<i>torrone</i> that have <a href="/wiki/Geographical_indications_and_traditional_specialities_in_the_European_Union" title="Geographical indications and traditional specialities in the European Union">protected geographical status</a> under EU law include: </p> <ul><li><i>Turrón de <a href="/wiki/Jijona/Xixona" class="mw-redirect" title="Jijona/Xixona">Jijona</a></i> (PGI) (<a href="/wiki/Valencian_Community" title="Valencian Community">Valencian Community</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-EUDOOR1_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EUDOOR1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Turrón de <a href="/wiki/Alicante" title="Alicante">Alicante</a></i> (PGI) (Valencian Community)<sup id="cite_ref-EUDOOR2_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EUDOOR2-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Torró d'<a href="/wiki/Agramunt" title="Agramunt">Agramunt</a></i> (PGI) (Catalonia)<sup id="cite_ref-EUDOOR3_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EUDOOR3-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Others, such as <i>torrone di Cremona</i> (Italy) have protected status by (but not limited to) the country that produces it. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turr%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/64px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="106" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Food" title="Portal:Food">Food portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_almond_dishes" title="List of almond dishes">List of almond dishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaz_(candy)" title="Gaz (candy)">Gaz (candy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halva" title="Halva">Halva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marzipan" title="Marzipan">Marzipan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nougat" title="Nougat">Nougat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27amoul" title="Ma'amoul">Ma'amoul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kue_makmur" title="Kue makmur">Kue makmur</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Torrone_Nurzia" title="Torrone Nurzia">Torrone Nurzia</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turr%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924052302/http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/servlet/SirveObras/01371074322363763092257/p0000001.htm#134">"Manual de mujeres en el cual se contienen muchas y diversas recetas 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/servlet/SirveObras/01371074322363763092257/p0000001.htm#134">the original</a> on 2015-09-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-01-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Manual+de+mujeres+en+el+cual+se+contienen+muchas+y+diversas+recetas+muy+buenas&rft.pub=Biblioteca+Virtual+Miguel+de+Cervantes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cervantesvirtual.com%2Fservlet%2FSirveObras%2F01371074322363763092257%2Fp0000001.htm%23134&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurr%C3%B3n" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Quesada-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Quesada_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quesada_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.frquesada.com/el-origen-del-turron">"Origen del turrón"</a> (in Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sito.regione.campania.it/AGRICOLTURA/tipici/tradizionali/torrone-benevento.htm">the original</a> on 2016-03-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubblicitaitalia.com/cocoon/pubit/riviste/articolo.html?idArticolo=6210&Testata=2">the original</a> on 2011-07-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-02-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Il+vero+torrone+--+napoletano&rft.pub=Edizioni+Pubblicit%C3%A0+Italia&rft.au=Mario+De+Simone&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pubblicitaitalia.com%2Fcocoon%2Fpubit%2Friviste%2Farticolo.html%3FidArticolo%3D6210%26Testata%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurr%C3%B3n" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarbonell-Barrachina2007" class="citation journal cs1">Carbonell-Barrachina, Ángel A. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Torrone+di+Benevento&rft.pub=Regione+Campania-Assessorato+all%27Agricoltura&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sito.regione.campania.it%2FAGRICOLTURA%2Ftipici%2Ftradizionali%2Ftorrone-benevento.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurr%C3%B3n" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMario_De_Simone" class="citation web cs1">Mario De Simone. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110715130813/http://www.pubblicitaitalia.com/cocoon/pubit/riviste/articolo.html?idArticolo=6210&Testata=2">"Il vero torrone -- napoletano"</a>. Edizioni Pubblicità Italia. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Il+vero+torrone+--+napoletano&rft.pub=Edizioni+Pubblicit%C3%A0+Italia&rft.au=Mario+De+Simone&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pubblicitaitalia.com%2Fcocoon%2Fpubit%2Friviste%2Farticolo.html%3FidArticolo%3D6210%26Testata%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurr%C3%B3n" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eptbenevento.it/schedaItinerario.php?codice=40">"Il torrone di Benevento"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110722032258/http://www.eptbenevento.it/schedaItinerario.php?codice=40">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-07-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-02-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dolcezze+beneventane&rft.pub=Corriere+DemoEtnoAntropologico&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.corrieredea.com%2F%3Fp%3D830&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurr%C3%B3n" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged December 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.itchefs-gvci.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=126&Itemid=810">"Torrone"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cebu+Daily+News&rft.atitle=Mooning+over+masareal&rft.date=2018-04&rft.aulast=Villavelez&rft.aufirst=Ronald+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcebudailynews.inquirer.net%2F169208%2Fmooning-over-masareal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurr%C3%B3n" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190408172824/http://www.peanutbrowas.com/blog/the-masareal-a-sweet-nutty-treat-from-mandaue">"The Masareal – A Sweet, Nutty Treat From Mandaue"</a>. <i>Lola Pureza's</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peanutbrowas.com/blog/the-masareal-a-sweet-nutty-treat-from-mandaue">the original</a> on 8 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lola+Pureza%27s&rft.atitle=The+Masareal+%E2%80%93+A+Sweet%2C+Nutty+Treat+From+Mandaue&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.peanutbrowas.com%2Fblog%2Fthe-masareal-a-sweet-nutty-treat-from-mandaue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurr%C3%B3n" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://panlasangpinoy.com/turon/">"Turon Recipe (Banana Lumpia with Caramel)"</a>. <i>Panlasang Pinoy</i>. 6 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Panlasang+Pinoy&rft.atitle=Turon+Recipe+%28Banana+Lumpia+with+Caramel%29&rft.date=2019-07-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpanlasangpinoy.com%2Fturon%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurr%C3%B3n" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAspiras2014" class="citation news cs1">Aspiras, Reggie (31 December 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lifestyle.inquirer.net/181280/valencia-triangulo-sacred-cookies-and-leche-flan-cheesecake-more-reasons-to-celebrate-the-season/">"Valencia 'triangulo,' sacred cookies and 'leche flan' cheesecake–more reasons to celebrate the season"</a>. <i>Philippine Daily Inquirer</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philippine+Daily+Inquirer&rft.atitle=Valencia+%27triangulo%2C%27+sacred+cookies+and+%27leche+flan%27+cheesecake%E2%80%93more+reasons+to+celebrate+the+season&rft.date=2014-12-31&rft.aulast=Aspiras&rft.aufirst=Reggie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flifestyle.inquirer.net%2F181280%2Fvalencia-triangulo-sacred-cookies-and-leche-flan-cheesecake-more-reasons-to-celebrate-the-season%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurr%C3%B3n" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Palomar-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Palomar_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPalomar1998" class="citation book cs1">Palomar, Manuel K., ed. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://crsps.net/wp-content/downloads/Peanut/Inventoried%208.8/7-1998-7-1684.pdf"><i>Peanut in the Philippine Food System: A Macro Study</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Peanut in Local and Global Food Systems Series. Visayas State College of Agriculture, University of Georgia.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Peanut+in+the+Philippine+Food+System%3A+A+Macro+Study&rft.series=Peanut+in+Local+and+Global+Food+Systems+Series&rft.pub=Visayas+State+College+of+Agriculture%2C+University+of+Georgia&rft.date=1998&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcrsps.net%2Fwp-content%2Fdownloads%2FPeanut%2FInventoried%25208.8%2F7-1998-7-1684.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurr%C3%B3n" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EUDOOR1-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EUDOOR1_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/quality/door/registeredName.html?denominationId=365">EU Profile - Xixona</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121023234147/http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/quality/door/registeredName.html?denominationId=365">Archived</a> 2012-10-23 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (07/06/2009)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EUDOOR2-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EUDOOR2_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/quality/door/registeredName.html?denominationId=719">EU Profile - Torró d'Alacant</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121023234222/http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/quality/door/registeredName.html?denominationId=719">Archived</a> 2012-10-23 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (07/06/2009)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EUDOOR3-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EUDOOR3_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/quality/door/registeredName.html?denominationId=718">EU Profile - Torró d'Agramunt</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090727225400/http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/quality/door/registeredName.html?denominationId=718">Archived</a> 2009-07-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (07/06/2009)</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turr%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; 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href="/wiki/Flight_into_Egypt" title="Flight into Egypt">flight into Egypt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_Fast" title="Nativity Fast">Nativity Fast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Nativity of Jesus">Nativity of Jesus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus_in_art" title="Nativity of Jesus in art">in art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus_in_later_culture" title="Nativity of Jesus in later culture">in later culture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_scene" title="Nativity scene">Nativity scene</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_nativity_scene" title="Neapolitan nativity scene">Neapolitan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_of_Bethlehem" title="Star of Bethlehem">Star of Bethlehem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Night_(holiday)" title="Twelfth Night (holiday)">Twelfth Night</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CE1D20; color:white;width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">In <a href="/wiki/Folklore" title="Folklore"><span style="color:white">folklore</span></a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Badalisc" title="Badalisc">Badalisc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caganer" title="Caganer">Caganer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christkind" title="Christkind">Christkind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%BDla" title="Grýla">Grýla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Frost" title="Jack Frost">Jack Frost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korvatunturi" title="Korvatunturi">Korvatunturi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kallikantzaros" title="Kallikantzaros">Kallikantzaros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legend_of_the_Christmas_Spider" title="Legend of the Christmas Spider">Legend of the Christmas Spider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mari_Lwyd" title="Mari Lwyd">Mari Lwyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miner%27s_figure" title="Miner's figure">Miner's figure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisse_(folklore)" title="Nisse (folklore)">Nisse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Pole" title="North Pole">North Pole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Man_Winter" title="Old Man Winter">Old Man Winter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perchta" title="Perchta">Perchta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa%27s_workshop" title="Santa's workshop">Santa's workshop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ti%C3%B3_de_Nadal" title="Tió de Nadal">Tió de Nadal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turo%C5%84" title="Turoń">Turoń</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertep" title="Vertep">Vertep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus_I,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Wenceslaus I, Duke of Bohemia">Wenceslaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yule_cat" title="Yule cat">Yule cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yule_Lads" class="mw-redirect" title="Yule Lads">Yule Lads</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CE1D20; color:white;width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Christmas_gift-bringer" title="Christmas gift-bringer"><span style="color:white">Gift-bringers</span></a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Nicholas" title="Saint Nicholas">Saint Nicholas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Nicholas_(European_folklore)" title="Saint Nicholas (European folklore)">folklore</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Claus" title="Santa Claus">Santa Claus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Befana" title="Befana">Befana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ded_Moroz" title="Ded Moroz">Ded Moroz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Father_Christmas" title="Father Christmas">Father Christmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grandpa_Indian" title="Grandpa Indian">Grandpa Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joulupukki" title="Joulupukki">Joulupukki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julemanden" title="Julemanden">Julemanden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noel_Baba" title="Noel Baba">Noel Baba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olentzero" title="Olentzero">Olentzero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A8re_No%C3%ABl" title="Père Noël">Père Noël</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinterklaas" title="Sinterklaas">Sinterklaas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christmas_and_winter_gift-bringers" title="List of Christmas and winter gift-bringers">Others</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CE1D20; color:white;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Companions_of_Saint_Nicholas" title="Companions of Saint Nicholas"><span style="color:white">Companions of<br />Saint Nicholas</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belsnickel" title="Belsnickel">Belsnickel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_elf" title="Christmas elf">Elves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knecht_Ruprecht" title="Knecht Ruprecht">Knecht Ruprecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krampus" title="Krampus">Krampus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mrs._Claus" title="Mrs. Claus">Mrs. Claus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A8re_Fouettard" title="Père Fouettard">Père Fouettard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sack_Man" title="Sack Man">Sack Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Claus%27_daughter" title="Santa Claus' daughter">Santa Claus' daughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Claus%27s_reindeer" title="Santa Claus's reindeer">Santa's reindeer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rudolph_the_Red-Nosed_Reindeer" title="Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer">Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snegurochka" title="Snegurochka">Snegurochka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zwarte_Piet" title="Zwarte Piet">Zwarte Piet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CE1D20; color:white;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christmas_traditions" title="Christmas traditions"><span style="color:white">Traditions</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advent_calendar" title="Advent calendar">Advent calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advent_candle" title="Advent candle">Advent candle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advent_wreath" title="Advent wreath">Advent wreath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boar%27s_Head_Feast" title="Boar's Head Feast">Boar's Head Feast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwibbogen" title="Schwibbogen">Candle arches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_card" title="Christmas card">Cards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carols_by_Candlelight" title="Carols by Candlelight">Carols by Candlelight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavalcade_of_Magi" title="Cavalcade of Magi">Cavalcade of Magi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christingle" title="Christingle">Christingle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_jumper" title="Christmas jumper">Christmas jumper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Peace" title="Christmas Peace">Christmas Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_cracker" title="Christmas cracker">Crackers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_decoration" title="Christmas decoration">Decorations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didukh" title="Didukh">Didukh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Christmas_events_and_celebrations" title="Category:Christmas events and celebrations">Events and celebrations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Seven_Fishes" title="Feast of the Seven Fishes">Feast of the Seven Fishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flying_Santa" title="Flying Santa">Flying Santa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_gift" title="Christmas gift">Gifts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Santa_Tracker" title="Google Santa Tracker">Google Santa Tracker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamper#Christmas_hamper" title="Hamper">Hampers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Posadas" title="Las Posadas">Las Posadas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round-robin_letter" title="Round-robin letter">Letters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_lights" title="Christmas lights">Lights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_of_Misrule" title="Lord of Misrule">Lord of Misrule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_market" title="Christmas market">Markets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Christmas_meals_and_feasts" title="Category:Christmas meals and feasts">Meals and feasts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midnight_Mass" title="Midnight Mass">Midnight Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moravian_star" title="Moravian star">Moravian star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_Lessons_and_Carols" title="Nine Lessons and Carols">Nine Lessons and Carols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NORAD_Tracks_Santa" title="NORAD Tracks Santa">NORAD Tracks Santa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nutcracker" title="Nutcracker">Nutcrackers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nutcracker_doll" title="Nutcracker doll">dolls</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_ornament" title="Christmas ornament">Ornaments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Claus_parade" title="Santa Claus parade">Parades</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christmas_and_holiday_season_parades" title="List of Christmas and holiday season parades">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pi%C3%B1ata" title="Piñata">Piñatas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poinsettia" title="Poinsettia">Poinsettia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_pyramid" title="Christmas pyramid">Pyramids</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A4uchermann" title="Räuchermann">Räuchermann</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_seal" class="mw-redirect" title="Christmas seal">Seals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secret_Santa" title="Secret Santa">Secret Santa</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spanbaum" title="Spanbaum">Spanbaum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w_szopka" title="Kraków szopka">Szopka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_stamp" title="Christmas stamp">Stamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_stocking" title="Christmas stocking">Stockings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_tree" title="Christmas tree">Tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Days_of_Christmas" title="Twelve Days of Christmas">Twelve Days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wassailing" title="Wassailing">Wassailing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_window" title="Christmas window">Windows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yule_goat" title="Yule goat">Yule goat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yule_log" title="Yule log">Yule log</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CE1D20; color:white;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Observance_of_Christmas_by_country" title="Observance of Christmas by country"><span style="color:white">By country</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Australia" title="Christmas in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Colombia" title="Christmas in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yule_and_Christmas_in_Denmark" title="Yule and Christmas in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Christmas_in_England" title="Category:Christmas in England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Christmas" title="Ethiopian Christmas">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Finland" title="Christmas in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_France" title="Christmas in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weihnachten" title="Weihnachten">Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Christmas in Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Hungary" title="Christmas in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Iceland" title="Christmas in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Indonesia" title="Christmas in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Ireland" title="Christmas in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Italy" title="Christmas in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Mexico" title="Christmas in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_New_Zealand" title="Christmas in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Norway" title="Christmas in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_the_Philippines" title="Christmas in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Poland" title="Christmas in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Romania" title="Christmas in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Russia" title="Christmas in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Scotland" title="Christmas in Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Serbia" title="Christmas in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Sweden" title="Christmas in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Ukraine" title="Christmas in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Christmas_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Christmas in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Christmas in the American Civil War">American Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Hawaii" title="Christmas in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_New_Mexico" title="Christmas in New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_the_United_States_(1946%E2%80%931964)" title="Christmas in the United States (1946–1964)">Post-War United States</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CE1D20; color:white;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christmas_music" title="Christmas music"><span style="color:white">Music</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_carol" title="Christmas carol">Carols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christmas_carols" title="List of Christmas carols">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christmas_operas" title="List of Christmas operas">Operas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_music#Popular_Christmas_songs" title="Christmas music">Songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christmas_hit_singles_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of Christmas hit singles in the United Kingdom">Hit singles in the UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_popular_Christmas_singles_in_the_United_States" title="List of popular Christmas singles in the United States">Hit singles in the US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billboard_Christmas_Holiday_charts" title="Billboard Christmas Holiday charts">Music charts (<i>Billboard</i>)</a></li> <li>Music books <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Carols_for_Choirs" title="Carols for Choirs">Carols for Choirs</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Oxford_Book_of_Carols" title="The Oxford Book of Carols">The Oxford Book of Carols</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Oxford_Book_of_Carols" title="The New Oxford Book of Carols">The New Oxford Book of Carols</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Piae_Cantiones" title="Piae Cantiones">Piae Cantiones</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CE1D20; color:white;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christmas_by_medium" title="Christmas by medium"><span style="color:white">Other media</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Christmas in literature">In literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christmas_novels" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Christmas novels">novels</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Christmas_Carol" title="A Christmas Carol">A Christmas Carol</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christmas_films" title="List of Christmas films">Films (Christmas,</a> <a href="/wiki/Santa_Claus_in_film" title="Santa Claus in film">Santa,</a> <a href="/wiki/Christmas_horror" title="Christmas horror">Christmas horror</a>)</li> <li>Poetry <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Old_Santeclaus_with_Much_Delight" title="Old Santeclaus with Much Delight">Old Santeclaus with Much Delight</a>"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Visit_from_St._Nicholas" title="A Visit from St. Nicholas">A Visit from St. Nicholas</a></i></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Christmas_Day_in_the_Workhouse" title="Christmas Day in the Workhouse">Christmas Day in the Workhouse</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Journey_of_the_Magi" title="Journey of the Magi">Journey of the Magi</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Tomten" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomten">Tomten</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christmas_television_specials" title="List of Christmas television specials">Christmas television specials</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Yule_Log_(TV_program)" title="Yule Log (TV program)">Yule Log</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_8_Genesis_reading" title="Apollo 8 Genesis reading">Apollo 8 Genesis reading</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CE1D20; color:white;width:1%">In<br />modern<br />society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advent_Conspiracy" title="Advent Conspiracy">Advent Conspiracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Friday_(partying)" title="Black Friday (partying)">Black Friday (partying)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Friday_(shopping)" title="Black Friday (shopping)">Black Friday (shopping)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronner%27s_Christmas_Wonderland" title="Bronner's Christmas Wonderland">Bronner's Christmas Wonderland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_and_holiday_season" title="Christmas and holiday season">Christmas and holiday season</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_club" title="Christmas club">Christmas club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_creep" title="Christmas creep">Christmas creep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Day_(Trading)_Act_2004" title="Christmas Day (Trading) Act 2004">Christmas Day (Trading) Act 2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Institution_Christmas_Lectures" title="Royal Institution Christmas Lectures">Christmas Lectures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Mountains" title="Christmas Mountains">Christmas Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_seals" title="Christmas seals">Christmas seals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_truce" title="Christmas truce">Christmas truce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_controversies" title="Christmas controversies">Controversies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyber_Monday" title="Cyber Monday">Cyber Monday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economics_of_Christmas" title="Economics of Christmas">Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giving_Tuesday" class="mw-redirect" title="Giving Tuesday">Giving Tuesday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grinch" title="Grinch">Grinch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Christmas_Lottery" title="Spanish Christmas Lottery">El Gordo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jews_and_Christmas" title="Jews and Christmas">Jews and Christmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_July" title="Christmas in July">In July</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_August_(Yellowstone)" title="Christmas in August (Yellowstone)">In August</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBA_Christmas_games" title="NBA Christmas games">NBA games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFL_on_Christmas_Day" title="NFL on Christmas Day">NFL games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pikkujoulu" title="Pikkujoulu">Pikkujoulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SantaCon" title="SantaCon">SantaCon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa%27s_Candy_Castle" title="Santa's Candy Castle">Santa's Candy Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Claus_Village" title="Santa Claus Village">Santa Claus Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebenezer_Scrooge" title="Ebenezer Scrooge">Scrooge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Business_Saturday" title="Small Business Saturday">Small Business Saturday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Saturday" title="Super Saturday">Super Saturday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_jumper" title="Christmas jumper">Ugly sweaters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_O%27Hanlon" title="Virginia O'Hanlon">Virginia O'Hanlon</a> ("<a href="/wiki/Yes,_Virginia,_there_is_a_Santa_Claus" title="Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus">Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus</a>")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Christmas_(weather)" title="White Christmas (weather)">White Christmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_multinational_festivals_and_holidays" title="List of multinational festivals and holidays">Winter festivals</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/WWE_Tribute_to_the_Troops" title="WWE Tribute to the Troops">WWE Tribute to the Troops</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xmas" title="Xmas">Xmas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CE1D20; color:white;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christmas_dishes" title="List of Christmas dishes"><span style="color:white">Food and<br />drink</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CE1D20; color:white;width:6.5em"><a href="/wiki/Christmas_dinner" title="Christmas dinner"><span style="color:white">Dinner</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joulup%C3%B6yt%C3%A4" title="Joulupöytä">Joulupöytä</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julebord" title="Julebord">Julebord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%AB%C4%8Dios" title="Kūčios">Kūčios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9veillon" title="Réveillon">Réveillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_desserts" title="Thirteen desserts">Thirteen desserts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelve-dish_Christmas_Eve_supper" title="Twelve-dish Christmas Eve supper">Twelve-dish supper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sm%C3%B6rg%C3%A5sbord" class="mw-redirect" title="Smörgåsbord">Smörgåsbord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wigilia" title="Wigilia">Wigilia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CE1D20; color:white;width:6.5em">Sweets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baked_Alaska" title="Baked Alaska">Baked Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candy_cane" title="Candy cane">Candy cane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_cake" title="Christmas cake">Cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_cookie" title="Christmas cookie">Cookie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cozonac" title="Cozonac">Cozonac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruitcake" title="Fruitcake">Fruitcake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gingerbread" title="Gingerbread">Gingerbread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutia" title="Kutia">Kutia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mak%C3%B3wki" title="Makówki">Makówki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melomakarono" title="Melomakarono">Melomakarono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mince_pie" title="Mince pie">Mince pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pampushka" title="Pampushka">Pampushka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panettone" title="Panettone">Panettone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavlova_(cake)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pavlova (cake)">Pavlova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pecan_pie" title="Pecan pie">Pecan pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poppy_seed_roll" title="Poppy seed roll">Poppy seed roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_pudding" title="Christmas pudding">Pudding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumpkin_pie" title="Pumpkin pie">Pumpkin pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qurabiya" title="Qurabiya">Qurabiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_velvet_cake" title="Red velvet cake">Red velvet cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stollen" title="Stollen">Stollen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Szaloncukor" title="Szaloncukor">Szaloncukor</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Turrón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yule_log_(cake)" title="Yule log (cake)">Yule log</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CE1D20; color:white;width:6.5em">Soup</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Menudo_(soup)" title="Menudo (soup)">Menudo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borscht" title="Borscht">Borscht</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CE1D20; color:white;width:6.5em">Sauces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bread_sauce" title="Bread sauce">Bread sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cranberry_sauce" title="Cranberry sauce">Cranberry sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redcurrant_sauce" title="Redcurrant sauce">Redcurrant sauce</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CE1D20; color:white;width:6.5em">Beverages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_cider" title="Apple cider">Apple cider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champurrado" title="Champurrado">Champurrado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eggnog" title="Eggnog">Eggnog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_chocolate" title="Hot chocolate">Hot chocolate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kissel" title="Kissel">Kissel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulled_wine" title="Mulled wine">Mulled wine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_Bishop" class="mw-redirect" title="Smoking Bishop">Smoking Bishop</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponche_crema" title="Ponche crema">Ponche crema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snowball_(cocktail)" title="Snowball (cocktail)">Snowball</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CE1D20; color:white;width:6.5em">Dumplings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hallaca" title="Hallaca">Hallaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierogi" title="Pierogi">Pierogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamale" title="Tamale">Tamale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varenyky" class="mw-redirect" title="Varenyky">Varenyky</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CE1D20; color:white;width:6.5em">Meat and fish</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carp" title="Carp">Carp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gefilte_fish" title="Gefilte fish">Gefilte fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_ham" title="Christmas ham">Ham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickled_herring" title="Pickled herring">Pickled herring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roast_goose" title="Roast goose">Roast goose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romeritos" title="Romeritos">Romeritos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuffing" title="Stuffing">Stuffing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourti%C3%A8re" title="Tourtière">Tourtière</a> (<a href="/wiki/Meat_pie" title="Meat pie">meat pie</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey_meat" title="Turkey meat">Turkey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#CE1D20; color:white"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Christmas" title="Category:Christmas"><span style="color:white">Category</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lombard_cuisine" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lombard_cuisine" title="Template:Lombard cuisine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Lombard_cuisine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Lombard cuisine (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lombard_cuisine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lombard cuisine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lombard_cuisine" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lombard_cuisine" title="Lombard cuisine">Lombard cuisine</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pasta, porridge and rice dishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agnolini" title="Agnolini">Agnolini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casoncelli" title="Casoncelli">Casoncelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavese_agnolotti" title="Pavese agnolotti">Pavese agnolotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizzoccheri" title="Pizzoccheri">Pizzoccheri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polenta" title="Polenta">Polenta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risotto" title="Risotto">Risotto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strozzapreti" title="Strozzapreti">Strozzapreti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tortelli" title="Tortelli">Tortelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tortelli_cremaschi" title="Tortelli cremaschi">Tortelli cremaschi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tortello_amaro_di_Castel_Goffredo" title="Tortello amaro di Castel Goffredo">Tortello amaro di Castel Goffredo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Meat, sausage and soup dishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bollito_misto" title="Bollito misto">Bollito misto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruscitti" title="Bruscitti">Bruscitti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassoeula" title="Cassoeula">Cassoeula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotechino" title="Cotechino">Cotechino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luganega" title="Luganega">Luganega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mondeghili" title="Mondeghili">Mondeghili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossobuco" title="Ossobuco">Ossobuco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancotto" title="Pancotto">Pancotto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veal_Milanese" title="Veal Milanese">Veal Milanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuppa_pavese" title="Zuppa pavese">Zuppa pavese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cheeses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bel_Paese_(cheese)" title="Bel Paese (cheese)">Bel Paese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bitto" title="Bitto">Bitto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formai_de_Mut_dell%27Alta_Valle_Brembana" title="Formai de Mut dell'Alta Valle Brembana">Formai de Mut dell'Alta Valle Brembana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grana_Padano" title="Grana Padano">Grana Padano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorgonzola" title="Gorgonzola">Gorgonzola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mascarpone" title="Mascarpone">Mascarpone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quartirolo_Lombardo" title="Quartirolo Lombardo">Quartirolo Lombardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raspad%C3%BCra" title="Raspadüra">Raspadüra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robiola" title="Robiola">Robiola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Camuna" title="Rosa Camuna">Rosa Camuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salva_(cheese)" title="Salva (cheese)">Salva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silter" title="Silter">Silter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stracchino" title="Stracchino">Stracchino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taleggio_cheese" title="Taleggio cheese">Taleggio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valtellina_Casera" title="Valtellina Casera">Valtellina Casera</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Breads, salumi and condiments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bisciola" title="Bisciola">Bisciola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bresaola" title="Bresaola">Bresaola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michetta" title="Michetta">Michetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mostarda" title="Mostarda">Mostarda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Beverages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amaretto" title="Amaretto">Amaretto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbajada" title="Barbajada">Barbajada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braulio_(liqueur)" title="Braulio (liqueur)">Braulio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernet-Branca" title="Fernet-Branca">Fernet-Branca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirlo_(aperitivo)" title="Pirlo (aperitivo)">Pirlo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramazzotti_(liqueur)" title="Ramazzotti (liqueur)">Ramazzotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vespetr%C3%B2" title="Vespetrò">Vespetrò</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ca%27_del_Bosco" title="Ca' del Bosco">Ca' del Bosco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franciacorta_DOCG" title="Franciacorta DOCG">Franciacorta DOCG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombardia_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lombardia (wine)">Lombardia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pastry and desserts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amaretti_di_Saronno" title="Amaretti di Saronno">Amaretti di Saronno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colomba_di_Pasqua" class="mw-redirect" title="Colomba di Pasqua">Colomba di Pasqua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mostaccino" title="Mostaccino">Mostaccino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nocciolini_di_Canzo" title="Nocciolini di Canzo">Nocciolini di Canzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_meino" title="Pan meino">Pan meino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panettone" title="Panettone">Panettone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spongarda" title="Spongarda">Spongarda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torta_Bertolina" title="Torta Bertolina">Torta Bertolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torta_delle_rose" title="Torta delle rose">Torta delle rose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torta_paesana" title="Torta paesana">Torta paesana</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Turrón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veneziana" title="Veneziana">Veneziana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nut_and_seed_confections" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nut_confections" title="Template:Nut confections"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nut_confections" title="Template talk:Nut confections"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nut_confections" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nut confections"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nut_and_seed_confections" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nut_(fruit)#Culinary_definition_and_uses" title="Nut (fruit)">Nut</a> and seed confections</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center">Whole or crushed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left">Candied</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Candied_almonds" title="Candied almonds">Candied almonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comfit" title="Comfit">Comfit</a> (<a href="/wiki/Drag%C3%A9e" title="Dragée">Dragée</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marron_glac%C3%A9" title="Marron glacé">Marron glacé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukhwas" title="Mukhwas">Mukhwas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noghl" title="Noghl">Noghl</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left">Candied in mass</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alegr%C3%ADa_(Mexican_candy)" title="Alegría (Mexican candy)">Alegría</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brittle_(food)" title="Brittle (food)">Brittle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chikki" title="Chikki">Chikki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churchkhela" title="Churchkhela">Churchkhela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florentine_biscuit" title="Florentine biscuit">Florentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gajak" class="mw-redirect" title="Gajak">Gajak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gozinaki" title="Gozinaki">Gozinaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brittle_(food)#Nougatine" title="Brittle (food)">Nougatine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ka%27%C3%AD_Ladrillo" title="Ka'í Ladrillo">Ka'í Ladrillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panforte" title="Panforte">Panforte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panocha_mani" class="mw-redirect" title="Panocha mani">Panocha mani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praline_(nut_confection)#European_nut_pralines" title="Praline (nut confection)">Pralin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praline_(nut_confection)#American_cream-based_pralines" title="Praline (nut confection)">Praline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9-de-moleque" class="mw-redirect" title="Pé-de-moleque">Pé-de-moleque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sesame_seed_candy" title="Sesame seed candy">Sesame seed candy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sohan_asali" title="Sohan asali">Sohan asali</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left">Enrobed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Almond_bark" title="Almond bark">Almond bark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chocolate-covered_almonds" title="Chocolate-covered almonds">Chocolate-covered almonds</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left">In mass</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biscotti" title="Biscotti">Biscotti</a> (Cantucci, Carquinyoli, Croquant)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stollen" title="Stollen">Stollen</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Turrón</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center">Ground</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left">Raw or blanched</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calisson" title="Calisson">Calisson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominostein" title="Dominostein">Dominostein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frangipane" title="Frangipane">Frangipane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaz_(candy)" title="Gaz (candy)">Gaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gianduja_(chocolate)" title="Gianduja (chocolate)">Gianduja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halva" title="Halva">Halva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marzipan" title="Marzipan">Marzipan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nougat" title="Nougat">Nougat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panellets" title="Panellets">Panellets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persipan" title="Persipan">Persipan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabrizi_Lovuez" title="Tabrizi Lovuez">Tabrizi Lovuez</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left">Cooked</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barfi" title="Barfi">Nut barfi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kaju_katli" title="Kaju katli">Kaju katli</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left">Baked</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Almond_biscuit" title="Almond biscuit">Almond biscuit (European)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_almond_biscuit" title="Chinese almond biscuit">Almond biscuit (Chinese)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaretti_di_Saronno" title="Amaretti di Saronno">Amaretto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basler_L%C3%A4ckerli" title="Basler Läckerli">Basler Läckerli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berner_Honiglebkuchen" title="Berner Honiglebkuchen">Berner Honiglebkuchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethm%C3%A4nnchen" title="Bethmännchen">Bethmännchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavallucci" title="Cavallucci">Cavallucci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financier_(cake)" title="Financier (cake)">Financier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friand" title="Friand">Friand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghoriba" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghoriba">Ghoriba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kahk" title="Kahk">Kahk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kourabiedes" class="mw-redirect" title="Kourabiedes">Kourabiedes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27amoul" title="Ma'amoul">Ma'amoul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macaron" title="Macaron">Macaron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macaroon" title="Macaroon">Macaroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macaroon#Germany" title="Macaroon">Mandelhörnchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nocciolini_di_Canzo" title="Nocciolini di Canzo">Nocciolini di Canzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pa%C3%A7oca" title="Paçoca">Paçoca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paprenjak" title="Paprenjak">Paprenjak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polvor%C3%B3n" title="Polvorón">Polvorón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pignolo_(macaroon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pignolo (macaroon)">Pignolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_tea_cake" title="Russian tea cake">Russian tea cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qurabiya" title="Qurabiya">Qurabiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahini_cookie" title="Tahini cookie">Tahini cookie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuile" title="Tuile">Tuile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanillekipferl" title="Vanillekipferl">Vanillekipferl</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center">Puréed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mont_Blanc_(dessert)" title="Mont Blanc (dessert)">Mont Blanc</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center">Filling, topping or base</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bakewell_pudding" title="Bakewell pudding">Bakewell pudding</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bakewell_tart" title="Bakewell tart">tart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baklava" title="Baklava">Baklava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battenberg_cake" title="Battenberg cake">Battenberg cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bear_claw" title="Bear claw">Bear claw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bienenstich" title="Bienenstich">Bienenstich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sponge_cake#Joconde_cake" title="Sponge cake">Biscuit Joconde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassata" title="Cassata">Cassata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacquoise" title="Dacquoise">Dacquoise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Date_and_walnut_loaf" title="Date and walnut loaf">Date and walnut loaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dundee_cake" title="Dundee cake">Dundee cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_letter" title="Dutch letter">Dutch letter</a> (Banket)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esterh%C3%A1zy_torte" title="Esterházy torte">Esterházy torte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurter_Kranz" title="Frankfurter Kranz">Frankfurter Kranz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9suite" title="Jésuite">Jésuite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerststol" title="Kerststol">Kerststol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyiv_cake" title="Kyiv cake">Kyiv cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kransekake" class="mw-redirect" title="Kransekake">Kransekake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mis%C3%A9rable_cake" title="Misérable cake">Misérable cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pecan_pie" title="Pecan pie">Pecan pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_cake" title="Princess cake">Princess cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reshteh_khoshkar" title="Reshteh khoshkar">Reshteh khoshkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sans_rival" title="Sans rival">Sans rival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvana_(food)" title="Silvana (food)">Silvana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simnel_cake" title="Simnel cake">Simnel cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarta_de_Santiago" title="Tarta de Santiago">Tarta de Santiago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walnut_and_coffee_cake" class="mw-redirect" title="Walnut and coffee cake">Walnut and coffee cake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turrón&oldid=1256127334">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turrón&oldid=1256127334</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Almond_dishes" title="Category:Almond dishes">Almond dishes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Christmas_food" 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