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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Background</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Background-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Background subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Changes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Changes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Changes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Changes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Description_of_the_boroughs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Description_of_the_boroughs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Description of the boroughs</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Description_of_the_boroughs-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Description of the boroughs subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Description_of_the_boroughs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Manhattan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manhattan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Manhattan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manhattan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brooklyn" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brooklyn"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Brooklyn</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brooklyn-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Queens" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Queens"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Queens</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Queens-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Bronx" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Bronx"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>The Bronx</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Bronx-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Staten_Island" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Staten_Island"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Staten Island</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Staten_Island-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Governance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Governance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sixth_borough" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sixth_borough"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Sixth borough</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sixth_borough-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Boroughs of New York City</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 34 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-34" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">34 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boro_(Nyu-York)" title="Boro (Nyu-York) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Boro (Nyu-York)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Chh%C4%AB_%C3%AA_khu" title="New York Chhī ê khu – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="New York Chhī ê khu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borough_de_Nova_York" title="Borough de Nova York – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Borough de Nova York" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borough_von_New_York_City" title="Borough von New York City – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Borough von New York City" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borough_(Nueva_York)" title="Borough (Nueva York) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Borough (Nueva York)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borough_(New_York)" title="Borough (New York) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Borough (New York)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B4%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1_%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9" title="بخش‌های شهر نیویورک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بخش‌های شهر نیویورک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrondissements_de_New_York" title="Arrondissements de New York – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Arrondissements de New York" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borough_(Nova_York)" title="Borough (Nova York) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Borough (Nova York)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%89%B4%EC%9A%95%EC%9D%98_%EC%9E%90%EC%B9%98%EA%B5%AC" title="뉴욕의 자치구 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="뉴욕의 자치구" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borough_(Kota_New_York)" title="Borough (Kota New York) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Borough (Kota New York)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boroughs_de_New_York" title="Boroughs de New York – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Boroughs de New York" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distretti_di_New_York" title="Distretti di New York – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Distretti di New York" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%99_%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95_%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A7" title="רובעי ניו יורק – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רובעי ניו יורק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borough_(New_York_City)" title="Borough (New York City) – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Borough (New York City)" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borough%C3%AAn_New_York_City" title="Boroughên New York City – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Boroughên New York City" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boroughs_de_New_York" title="Boroughs de New York – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Boroughs de New York" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgi_urbis_Novi_Eboraci" title="Burgi urbis Novi Eboraci – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Burgi urbis Novi Eboraci" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA_(%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A8%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF%E5%B8%82)" title="行政区 (ニューヨーク市) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="行政区 (ニューヨーク市)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boroughs_de_N%C3%B2va_York" title="Boroughs de Nòva York – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Boroughs de Nòva York" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boro_(Nyu-York)" title="Boro (Nyu-York) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Boro (Nyu-York)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boroughs_de_Nova_Iorque" title="Boroughs de Nova Iorque – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Boroughs de Nova Iorque" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE_(%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA)" title="Боро (Нью-Йорк) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Боро (Нью-Йорк)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boroughs_of_New_York_City" title="Boroughs of New York City – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Boroughs of New York City" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Casti_New_Yorku" title="Časti New Yorku – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Časti New Yorku" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mga_boro_ng_Lungsod_ng_Bagong_York" title="Mga boro ng Lungsod ng Bagong York – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Mga boro ng Lungsod ng Bagong York" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%82_%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="நியூ யார்க் நகரத்தின் மாவட்டங்கள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நியூ யார்க் நகரத்தின் மாவட்டங்கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE_(%D0%9D%D1%8E-%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA)" title="Боро (Ню-Йорк) – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Боро (Ню-Йорк)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York%27un_semtleri" title="New York'un semtleri – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="New York'un semtleri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE_(%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA)" title="Боро (Нью-Йорк) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Боро (Нью-Йорк)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D8%B4%DB%81%D8%B1_%DA%A9%DB%92_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88" title="نیویارک شہر کے بورو – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نیویارک شہر کے بورو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%E1%BA%ADn_(Th%C3%A0nh_ph%E1%BB%91_New_York)" title="Quận (Thành phố New York) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Quận (Thành phố New York)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80_(%E7%B4%90%E7%B4%84%E5%B8%82)" title="行政區 (紐約市) – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="行政區 (紐約市)" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80_(%E7%B4%90%E7%B4%84%E5%B8%82)" title="行政區 (紐約市) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="行政區 (紐約市)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q408804#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Administrative divisions of New York City</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Five boroughs" redirects here. For the English boroughs controlled for a period by the Vikings, see <a href="/wiki/Five_Boroughs_of_the_Danelaw" title="Five Boroughs of the Danelaw">Five Boroughs of the Danelaw</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:5_Boroughs_Labels_New_York_City_Map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/5_Boroughs_Labels_New_York_City_Map.svg/300px-5_Boroughs_Labels_New_York_City_Map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/5_Boroughs_Labels_New_York_City_Map.svg/450px-5_Boroughs_Labels_New_York_City_Map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/5_Boroughs_Labels_New_York_City_Map.svg/600px-5_Boroughs_Labels_New_York_City_Map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1978" /></a><figcaption> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#4DAF4A; color:black;"> </span> 1. <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a> (New York County)</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFFF33; color:black;"> </span> 2. <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a> (Kings County)</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FF7F00; color:black;"> </span> 3. <a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a> (Queens County)</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#E41A1C; color:white;"> </span> 4. <a href="/wiki/The_Bronx" title="The Bronx">The Bronx</a> (Bronx County)</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#984EA3; color:white;"> </span> 5. <a href="/wiki/Staten_Island" title="Staten Island">Staten Island</a> (Richmond County)</div> Note: <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_International_Airport" title="John F. Kennedy International Airport">JFK</a> and <a href="/wiki/LaGuardia_Airport" title="LaGuardia Airport">LGA</a> airports are both located in Queens (marked by brown).</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>boroughs of New York City</b> are the five major governmental districts that compose <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>. They are <a href="/wiki/The_Bronx" title="The Bronx">the Bronx</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Staten_Island" title="Staten Island">Staten Island</a>. Each borough is coextensive with a respective <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_New_York_(state)#County" title="Administrative divisions of New York (state)">county</a> of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">State of New York</a>: The Bronx is Bronx County, Brooklyn is Kings County, Manhattan is New York County, Queens is Queens County, and Staten Island is Richmond County. </p><p>All five boroughs of New York came into existence with the creation of <a href="/wiki/City_of_Greater_New_York" title="City of Greater New York">modern New York City</a> in 1898, when New York County (then including the Bronx), Kings County, Richmond County, and part of Queens County were consolidated within one municipal government under a <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Charter" title="New York City Charter">new city charter</a>. All former municipalities within the newly consolidated city were dissolved. </p><p>New York City was originally confined to Manhattan Island and the smaller surrounding islands that formed New York County. As the city grew northward, it began annexing areas on the mainland, absorbing territory from <a href="/wiki/Westchester_County,_New_York" title="Westchester County, New York">Westchester County</a> into New York County in 1874 (<a href="/wiki/West_Bronx" title="West Bronx">West Bronx</a>) and 1895 (<a href="/wiki/East_Bronx" title="East Bronx">East Bronx</a>). During the 1898 consolidation, this territory was organized as the Borough of the Bronx, though still part of New York County. In 1914, Bronx County was split off from New York County so that each borough was then coterminous with a county. </p><p>When the western part of Queens County was consolidated with New York City in 1898, that area became the Borough of Queens. In 1899, the remaining eastern section of Queens County was split off to form <a href="/wiki/Nassau_County,_New_York" title="Nassau County, New York">Nassau County</a> on <a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a>, thereafter making the borough and county of Queens coextensive with each other. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminology">Terminology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boroughs_of_New_York_City&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Terminology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term <i>borough</i> was adopted in 1898 to describe a form of <a href="/wiki/Administration_(government)" title="Administration (government)">governmental administration</a> for each of the five fundamental constituent parts of the newly <a href="/wiki/History_of_New_York_City_(1898%E2%80%931945)" title="History of New York City (1898–1945)">consolidated city</a>. Under the 1898 City Charter adopted by the New York State Legislature, a borough is a <a href="/wiki/Municipal_corporation" title="Municipal corporation">municipal corporation</a> that is created when a county is merged with populated areas within it.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The limited powers of the boroughs are inferior to the authority of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_New_York_City" title="Government of New York City">government of New York City</a>, contrasting significantly with the powers of boroughs as that term is used in <a href="/wiki/Borough_(Connecticut)" title="Borough (Connecticut)">Connecticut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Borough_(New_Jersey)" title="Borough (New Jersey)">New Jersey</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Borough_(Pennsylvania)" title="Borough (Pennsylvania)">Pennsylvania</a>, where a borough is an independent level of government, as well as with borough forms used in <a href="/wiki/Borough_(United_States)" title="Borough (United States)">other states</a> and in <a href="/wiki/London_boroughs" title="London boroughs">Greater London</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boroughs_of_New_York_City&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" border="1" style="float:center; text-align:right; font-size:85%; margin:1em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9" style="background-color:tan;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1045256916">.mw-parser-output .navbar-header{text-align:center;position:relative;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbar-header .navbar{position:absolute;right:0;top:0;margin:0 5px}</style><div class="navbar-header">New York City's <a class="mw-selflink selflink">five boroughs</a><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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href="/wiki/Template:NYC_boroughs" title="Template:NYC boroughs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:NYC_boroughs" title="Template talk:NYC boroughs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:NYC_boroughs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:NYC boroughs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div> </th></tr> <tr style="background:#dedebb;"> <th colspan="2" style="background: transparent">Jurisdiction </th> <th style="background: transparent">Population </th> <th colspan="2" style="background: transparent">Land area </th> <th colspan="2" style="background: transparent">Density of population </th> <th style="background: transparent"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> </th></tr> <tr style="background:#efefcc; font-style: italic"> <th style="font-weight:normal; background: transparent">Borough</th> <th style="font-weight:normal; background: transparent">County</th> <th style="font-weight: normal; background: transparent">Census<br /> (2020)</th> <th style="font-weight: normal; background: transparent">square<br /> miles</th> <th style="font-weight: normal; background: transparent">square<br />km</th> <th style="font-weight: normal; background: transparent">people/<br />sq. mile</th> <th style="font-weight: normal; background: transparent">people/<br />sq. km</th> <th style="font-weight:normal; background: transparent">billions<br />(2022 US$) <sup>2</sup> </th></tr> <tr style="background:#f9f9f9;"> <td bgcolor="ee5555"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/The_Bronx" title="The Bronx">The Bronx</a></b></div> </td> <td bgcolor="f9f9f9"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> Bronx</div> </td> <td>1,472,654 </td> <td>42.2 </td> <td>109.2 </td> <td>34,920 </td> <td>13,482 </td> <td>51.574 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f9f9f9;"> <td bgcolor="ffee77"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a></b></div> </td> <td bgcolor="f9f9f9"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> Kings</div> </td> <td>2,736,074 </td> <td>69.4 </td> <td>179.7 </td> <td>39,438 </td> <td>15,227 </td> <td>125.867 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f9f9f9;"> <td bgcolor="lightgreen"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a></b></div> </td> <td bgcolor="f9f9f9"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> New York</div> </td> <td>1,694,251 </td> <td>22.7 </td> <td>58.7 </td> <td>74,781 </td> <td>28,872 </td> <td>885.652 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f9f9f9;"> <td bgcolor="orange"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a></b></div> </td> <td bgcolor="f9f9f9"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> Queens</div> </td> <td>2,405,464 </td> <td>108.7 </td> <td>281.6 </td> <td>22,125 </td> <td>8,542 </td> <td>122.288 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f9f9f9;"> <td bgcolor="plum"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/Staten_Island" title="Staten Island">Staten Island</a></b></div> </td> <td bgcolor="f9f9f9"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> Richmond</div> </td> <td>495,747 </td> <td>57.5 </td> <td>149.0 </td> <td>8,618 </td> <td>3,327 </td> <td>21.103 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#ddd;" class="sortbottom"> <td colspan="2"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">City of New York</a></b></div></td> <td><b>8,804,190</b></td> <td><b>300.5</b></td> <td><b>778.2</b></td> <td><b>29,303</b></td> <td><b>11,314</b></td> <td><b>1,206.484</b> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#ccc;" class="sortbottom"> <td colspan="2"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">State of New York</a></div></td> <td>20,201,249</td> <td>47,123.6</td> <td>122,049.5</td> <td>429</td> <td>166</td> <td>2,163.209 </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <td colspan="9" align="center"><b>Sources</b>:<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and see individual borough articles. </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>New York City is often referred to collectively as the <b>five boroughs</b>, which can unambiguously refer to the city proper as a whole, avoiding confusion with any particular borough or with the <a href="/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area" title="New York metropolitan area">Greater New York metropolitan area</a>. The term is also used by politicians to counter a frequent focus on Manhattan and thereby to place all five boroughs on equal footing. In the same vein, the term <i>outer boroughs</i> refers to all of the boroughs excluding Manhattan, even though the geographic center of the city is along the Brooklyn–Queens border. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:5_boros_of_NYC_in_1814.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/5_boros_of_NYC_in_1814.jpg/220px-5_boros_of_NYC_in_1814.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/5_boros_of_NYC_in_1814.jpg/330px-5_boros_of_NYC_in_1814.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/5_boros_of_NYC_in_1814.jpg/440px-5_boros_of_NYC_in_1814.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2689" data-file-height="2305" /></a><figcaption>The current five boroughs of Greater New York as they appeared in 1814. The Bronx was part of Westchester County, Queens County included modern Nassau County, Kings County had six towns, one of which was Brooklyn, and New York City is shown by hatching in lower Manhattan.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Changes">Changes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boroughs_of_New_York_City&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Changes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>All five boroughs were created in 1898 during consolidation, when the city's modern boundaries were established. </p><p>The Bronx originally included parts of New York County outside of Manhattan that had previously been ceded by neighboring <a href="/wiki/Westchester_County,_New_York" title="Westchester County, New York">Westchester County</a> in two stages; in 1874 (<a href="/wiki/Riverdale,_Bronx" title="Riverdale, Bronx">southern Yonkers</a>, and the towns of <a href="/wiki/Kingsbridge,_Bronx" title="Kingsbridge, Bronx">Kingsbridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Farms,_Bronx" title="West Farms, Bronx">West Farms</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Morrisania,_Bronx" title="Morrisania, Bronx">Morrisania</a>) and then following a <a href="/wiki/Referendum" title="Referendum">referendum</a> in 1894 (towns of <a href="/wiki/Westchester_Square,_Bronx" title="Westchester Square, Bronx">Westchester</a>, <a href="/wiki/Williamsbridge,_Bronx" title="Williamsbridge, Bronx">Williamsbridge</a>, and the southern portion of <a href="/wiki/Eastchester,_New_York" title="Eastchester, New York">Eastchester</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ultimately in 1914, the present-day separate Bronx County became the most recent county to be created in the State of New York.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The borough of Queens consists of what formerly was only the western part of a then-larger Queens County. In 1899, the three eastern towns of Queens County that had not joined the city the year before—the towns of <a href="/wiki/Hempstead,_New_York" title="Hempstead, New York">Hempstead</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Hempstead,_New_York" title="North Hempstead, New York">North Hempstead</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Oyster_Bay_(town),_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Oyster Bay (town), New York">Oyster Bay</a>—formally seceded from Queens County to form the new <a href="/wiki/Nassau_County,_New_York" title="Nassau County, New York">Nassau County</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The borough of Staten Island, coextensive with Richmond County, was officially the borough of Richmond until the name was changed in 1975 to reflect its common appellation, while leaving the name of the county unchanged.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description_of_the_boroughs">Description of the boroughs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boroughs_of_New_York_City&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Description of the boroughs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Neighborhoods_in_New_York_City" title="Neighborhoods in New York City">Neighborhoods in New York City</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_parks_in_New_York_City" title="List of parks in New York City">List of parks in New York City</a></div> <p>There are <a href="/wiki/Category:Neighborhoods_in_New_York_City" title="Category:Neighborhoods in New York City">hundreds of distinct neighborhoods</a> throughout the five boroughs of New York City, many with a definable history and character to call their own. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Manhattan">Manhattan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boroughs_of_New_York_City&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Manhattan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chinatown_manhattan_2009.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Chinatown_manhattan_2009.JPG/220px-Chinatown_manhattan_2009.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Chinatown_manhattan_2009.JPG/330px-Chinatown_manhattan_2009.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Chinatown_manhattan_2009.JPG/440px-Chinatown_manhattan_2009.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Chinatown,_Manhattan" title="Chinatown, Manhattan">Chinatown</a> in Manhattan, the most densely populated borough of New York City, <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population_density#New_York_City_boroughs" title="List of United States cities by population density">with a higher density than any individual American city</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a></b> (co-extensive with New York County) is the geographically smallest and most densely populated borough; is the symbol of New York City, as home to most of the city's <a href="/wiki/Skyscraper" title="Skyscraper">skyscrapers</a> and prominent landmarks, including <a href="/wiki/Times_Square" title="Times Square">Times Square</a> and <a href="/wiki/Central_Park" title="Central Park">Central Park</a>; and may be locally known simply as <i>The City</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-ManhattanTheCity_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ManhattanTheCity-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Manhattan's (New York County's) population density of 72,033 people per square mile (27,812/km<sup>2</sup>) in 2015 makes it the <a href="/wiki/County_statistics_of_the_United_States#Population_density" title="County statistics of the United States">highest of any county in the United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population_density#New_York_City_boroughs" title="List of United States cities by population density">higher than the density of any individual U.S. city</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Manhattan is the cultural, administrative, and <a href="/wiki/Financial_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial center">financial center</a> of New York City and contains the <a href="/wiki/Headquarters" title="Headquarters">headquarters</a> of many major <a href="/wiki/Multinational_corporation" title="Multinational corporation">multinational corporations</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Headquarters" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Headquarters">United Nations Headquarters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street">Wall Street</a>, and a number of important <a href="/wiki/University" title="University">universities</a>. Manhattan is often described by Americans as the cultural, financial, <a href="/wiki/Media_(communication)" title="Media (communication)">media</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Show_business" title="Show business">entertainment</a> capital of the world.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ManhattanMediaEntertainmentCapital_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ManhattanMediaEntertainmentCapital-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div>Most of the borough is situated on <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Manhattan Island">Manhattan Island</a>, at the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Hudson_River" title="Hudson River">Hudson River</a>. Several small islands are also part of the borough of Manhattan, including <a href="/wiki/Randall%27s_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Randall's Island">Randall's Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wards_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Wards Island">Wards Island</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Island" title="Roosevelt Island">Roosevelt Island</a> in the <a href="/wiki/East_River" title="East River">East River</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Governors_Island" title="Governors Island">Governors Island</a> to the south in <a href="/wiki/New_York_Harbor" title="New York Harbor">New York Harbor</a>; <a href="/wiki/Liberty_Island" title="Liberty Island">Liberty Island</a>, on which the <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Liberty" title="Statue of Liberty">Statue of Liberty</a> stands, is a Manhattan <a href="/wiki/Exclave" class="mw-redirect" title="Exclave">exclave</a>, as is the original portion of <a href="/wiki/Ellis_Island" title="Ellis Island">Ellis Island</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Islands_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Islands-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Manhattan Island is loosely divided into <a href="/wiki/Lower_Manhattan" title="Lower Manhattan">Lower</a>, <a href="/wiki/Midtown_Manhattan" title="Midtown Manhattan">Midtown</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Upper_Manhattan" title="Upper Manhattan">Uptown</a> regions. Uptown Manhattan is divided by Central Park into the <a href="/wiki/Upper_East_Side" title="Upper East Side">Upper East Side</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Upper_West_Side" title="Upper West Side">Upper West Side</a>, and above the park is <a href="/wiki/Harlem" title="Harlem">Harlem</a>. Marble Hill was part of the northern tip of Manhattan Island, but the <a href="/wiki/Harlem_River_Ship_Canal" class="mw-redirect" title="Harlem River Ship Canal">Harlem River Ship Canal</a>, dug in 1895, separated it from the remainder of Manhattan.<sup id="cite_ref-canal_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-canal-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before World War I, the old channel was filled in and Marble Hill became part of the mainland.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After a May 1984 court ruled that Marble Hill was part of Bronx County (not New York County),<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the matter was definitively settled later that year when the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Legislature" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Legislature">New York Legislature</a> overwhelmingly passed legislation declaring the neighborhood part of both New York County and the Borough of Manhattan.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div>New York City's remaining four boroughs are collectively referred to as the outer boroughs.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boroughs_of_New_York_City&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Brooklyn"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Greenpoint_Houses.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A view down a street with rowhouses in brown, white, and various shades of red" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Greenpoint_Houses.JPG/220px-Greenpoint_Houses.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Greenpoint_Houses.JPG/330px-Greenpoint_Houses.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Greenpoint_Houses.JPG/440px-Greenpoint_Houses.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Landmark nineteenth-century <a href="/wiki/Brownstone" title="Brownstone">brownstones</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Greenpoint,_Brooklyn" title="Greenpoint, Brooklyn">Greenpoint Historic District</a> of <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a>, New York City's most populous borough</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a></b> (co-extensive with Kings County), on the western tip of <a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a>, is the city's most populous borough. Brooklyn is known for its cultural, social, and ethnic diversity, an independent art scene, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Brooklyn_neighborhoods" title="List of Brooklyn neighborhoods">distinct neighborhoods</a>, and a distinctive architectural heritage. <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Brooklyn" title="Downtown Brooklyn">Downtown Brooklyn</a> is the largest central core neighborhood in the outer boroughs. The borough has a long beachfront shoreline including <a href="/wiki/Coney_Island" title="Coney Island">Coney Island</a>, established in the 1870s as one of the earliest amusement grounds in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Marine_Park_(Brooklyn_park)" title="Marine Park (Brooklyn park)">Marine Park</a><sup id="cite_ref-LargestParksNYC_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LargestParksNYC-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Prospect_Park_(Brooklyn)" title="Prospect Park (Brooklyn)">Prospect Park</a> are the two largest parks in Brooklyn. Since the early 2010s, Brooklyn has evolved into a thriving hub of <a href="/wiki/Entrepreneurship" title="Entrepreneurship">entrepreneurship</a> and <a href="/wiki/High_tech" title="High tech">high technology</a> <a href="/wiki/Startup_company" title="Startup company">startup firms</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BrooklynDesignHub_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BrooklynDesignHub-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and of <a href="/wiki/Postmodern_art" title="Postmodern art">postmodern art</a><sup id="cite_ref-BrooklynArt1_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BrooklynArt1-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Design" title="Design">design</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BrooklynDesignHub_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BrooklynDesignHub-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Queens">Queens</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boroughs_of_New_York_City&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Queens"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Unisphere_in_summer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Unisphere_in_summer.jpg/220px-Unisphere_in_summer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Unisphere_in_summer.jpg/330px-Unisphere_in_summer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Unisphere_in_summer.jpg/440px-Unisphere_in_summer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1663" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Unisphere" title="Unisphere">Unisphere</a> in <a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a>, the most <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_diversity" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic diversity">ethnically diverse</a> urban area in the world<sup id="cite_ref-QueensMostDiverseWorld1_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-QueensMostDiverseWorld1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-QueensMostDiverseWorld2_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-QueensMostDiverseWorld2-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a></b> (co-extensive with Queens County), on <a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a> north and east of Brooklyn, is geographically the largest borough, the most <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_diversity" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic diversity">ethnically diverse</a> county in the United States,<sup id="cite_ref-queensdiverse_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-queensdiverse-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as the most ethnically diverse urban area in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-QueensMostDiverseWorld1_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-QueensMostDiverseWorld1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-QueensMostDiverseWorld2_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-QueensMostDiverseWorld2-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historically a collection of small towns and villages founded by the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_people" title="Dutch people">Dutch</a>, the borough has since developed both commercial and residential prominence. <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Flushing" class="mw-redirect" title="Downtown Flushing">Downtown Flushing</a> has become one of the busiest central core neighborhoods in the outer boroughs. Parts of Queens such as <a href="/wiki/Bellerose,_Queens" title="Bellerose, Queens">Bellerose</a> and <a href="/wiki/Forest_Hills,_Queens" title="Forest Hills, Queens">Forest Hills</a> are relatively suburban in character. Queens is the site of <a href="/wiki/Citi_Field" title="Citi Field">Citi Field</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Baseball_stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Baseball stadium">baseball stadium</a> of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Mets" title="New York Mets">New York Mets</a>, and hosts the annual <a href="/wiki/US_Open_(tennis)" title="US Open (tennis)">U.S. Open tennis tournament</a> at <a href="/wiki/Flushing_Meadows-Corona_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Flushing Meadows-Corona Park">Flushing Meadows-Corona Park</a>. Additionally, two of the three busiest airports serving the New York metropolitan area, <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_International_Airport" title="John F. Kennedy International Airport">John F. Kennedy International Airport</a> and <a href="/wiki/LaGuardia_Airport" title="LaGuardia Airport">LaGuardia Airport</a>, are located in Queens. (The third is <a href="/wiki/Newark_Liberty_International_Airport" title="Newark Liberty International Airport">Newark Liberty International Airport</a> in <a href="/wiki/Newark,_New_Jersey" title="Newark, New Jersey">Newark</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a>.)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Bronx">The Bronx</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boroughs_of_New_York_City&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: The Bronx"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Melrosebx1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Melrosebx1.JPG/220px-Melrosebx1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Melrosebx1.JPG/330px-Melrosebx1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Melrosebx1.JPG/440px-Melrosebx1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/The_Bronx" title="The Bronx">The Bronx</a>, the northernmost borough of New York City and the only borough situated primarily on the United States mainland</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/The_Bronx" title="The Bronx">The Bronx</a></b> (co-extensive with Bronx County) is New York City's northernmost borough and is the only New York City borough that is part of the United States mainland (excluding some islands that are part of the borough). It is the location of <a href="/wiki/Yankee_Stadium" title="Yankee Stadium">Yankee Stadium</a>, the baseball stadium of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Yankees" title="New York Yankees">New York Yankees</a>, and home to <a href="/wiki/Co-op_City,_Bronx" title="Co-op City, Bronx">Co-op City</a>, the largest <a href="/wiki/Housing_cooperative" title="Housing cooperative">cooperatively owned housing</a> complex in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also home to the <a href="/wiki/Bronx_Zoo" title="Bronx Zoo">Bronx Zoo</a>, the world's largest metropolitan zoo,<sup id="cite_ref-BronxZoo_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BronxZoo-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which covers 265 acres (107 ha) and houses over 6,000 animals.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Directly to the zoo's north is the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Botanical_Garden" title="New York Botanical Garden">New York Botanical Garden</a>, a botanical garden and National Historic Landmark. <a href="/wiki/Pelham_Bay_Park" title="Pelham Bay Park">Pelham Bay Park</a> is the largest park in New York City, at 2,772 acres (1,122 ha).<sup id="cite_ref-LargestParksNYC_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LargestParksNYC-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Staten_Island">Staten Island</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boroughs_of_New_York_City&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Staten Island"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Staten_Island_Borough_Hall_sign.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Staten_Island_Borough_Hall_sign.jpg/220px-Staten_Island_Borough_Hall_sign.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Staten_Island_Borough_Hall_sign.jpg/330px-Staten_Island_Borough_Hall_sign.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/Staten_Island_Borough_Hall_sign.jpg 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="270" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Staten_Island_Borough_Hall" title="Staten Island Borough Hall">Borough Hall</a> in the <a href="/wiki/St._George,_Staten_Island" title="St. George, Staten Island">St. George</a> neighborhood of <a href="/wiki/Staten_Island" title="Staten Island">Staten Island</a>, the most <a href="/wiki/Suburb" title="Suburb">suburban</a> borough of New York City</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Staten_Island" title="Staten Island">Staten Island</a></b> (co-extensive with Richmond County) is generally the most <a href="/wiki/Suburb" title="Suburb">suburban</a> in character of the five boroughs. Staten Island is connected to Brooklyn by the <a href="/wiki/Verrazzano-Narrows_Bridge" title="Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge">Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge</a> and to Manhattan by way of the <a href="/wiki/Staten_Island_Ferry" title="Staten Island Ferry">Staten Island Ferry</a>, a free <a href="/wiki/Commuter" class="mw-redirect" title="Commuter">commuter</a> ferry and popular tourist attraction which provides unobstructed views of the Statue of Liberty, <a href="/wiki/Ellis_Island" title="Ellis Island">Ellis Island</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lower_Manhattan" title="Lower Manhattan">Lower Manhattan</a>. In central Staten Island, the <a href="/wiki/Staten_Island_Greenbelt" title="Staten Island Greenbelt">Staten Island Greenbelt</a> spans approximately 2,500 acres (10 km<sup>2</sup>), including 28 miles (45 km) of walking trails and one of the last undisturbed forests in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Designated in 1984 to protect the island's natural lands, the Greenbelt comprises seven city parks.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governance">Governance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boroughs_of_New_York_City&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Governance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Borough_president" title="Borough president">Borough president</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:New_York_City_Demographics_01_500px_Julius_Schorzman-yellowbrooklyn.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/New_York_City_Demographics_01_500px_Julius_Schorzman-yellowbrooklyn.png/220px-New_York_City_Demographics_01_500px_Julius_Schorzman-yellowbrooklyn.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/New_York_City_Demographics_01_500px_Julius_Schorzman-yellowbrooklyn.png/330px-New_York_City_Demographics_01_500px_Julius_Schorzman-yellowbrooklyn.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/New_York_City_Demographics_01_500px_Julius_Schorzman-yellowbrooklyn.png/440px-New_York_City_Demographics_01_500px_Julius_Schorzman-yellowbrooklyn.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="340" /></a><figcaption>The percentage of New York City population residing in each borough (from bottom to top): <b><a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan"><span style="color:#000099;">1. Manhattan</span></a></b>, <b><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn"><span style="color:#FFDF3C;">2. Brooklyn</span></a></b>, <b><a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens"><span style="color:#FF6600;">3. Queens</span></a></b>, <b><a href="/wiki/The_Bronx" title="The Bronx"><span style="color:#CC0000;">4. The Bronx</span></a></b>, and <b><a href="/wiki/Staten_Island" title="Staten Island"><span style="color:purple;">5. Staten Island</span></a></b>. Populations before 1898 are for the areas now enclosed in the present boroughs.</figcaption></figure> <p>Since 1914, each of New York City's five boroughs has been coextensive with a county of New York State – unlike most <a href="/wiki/City#United_States" title="City">U.S. cities</a>, which lie within a single <a href="/wiki/County_(United_States)" title="County (United States)">county</a> or extend partially into another county, constitute a county in themselves, or are completely separate and <a href="/wiki/Independent_city_(United_States)" title="Independent city (United States)">independent</a> of any county. </p><p>Each borough is represented by a <a href="/wiki/Borough_president" title="Borough president">borough president</a>. Brooklyn, Queens, and Staten Island each have a Borough Hall with limited administrative functions. The Manhattan Borough President's office is situated in the <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Municipal_Building" title="Manhattan Municipal Building">Manhattan Municipal Building</a>. The Bronx Borough President's office used to be in its own <a href="/wiki/Bronx_Borough_Hall" title="Bronx Borough Hall">Bronx Borough Hall</a> but has been in the <a href="/wiki/Bronx_County_Courthouse" title="Bronx County Courthouse">Bronx County Courthouse</a> for decades. Since the abolition of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Board_of_Estimate" title="New York City Board of Estimate">Board of Estimate</a> in 1990 (due to a <a href="/wiki/Board_of_Estimate_of_City_of_New_York_v._Morris" title="Board of Estimate of City of New York v. Morris">1989 ruling</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Supreme Court">U.S. Supreme Court</a><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), the borough presidents have minimal executive powers, and there is no legislative function within a borough. Executive functions in New York City are the responsibility of the <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_New_York_City" title="Mayor of New York City">Mayor of New York City</a>, while legislative functions reside with the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Council" title="New York City Council">New York City Council</a>. The borough presidents primarily act as spokesmen, advocates, and <a href="/wiki/Figurehead" title="Figurehead">ceremonial leaders</a> for their boroughs, have budgets from which they can allocate relatively modest sums of money to community organizations and projects, and appoint the members of the 59 largely advisory <a href="/wiki/Community_boards_of_New_York_City" title="Community boards of New York City">community boards</a> in the city's various neighborhoods. The Brooklyn and Queens borough presidents also appoint trustees to the local <a href="/wiki/New_York_City#Public_library_system" title="New York City">public library systems</a> in those boroughs. </p><p>Being coextensive with an individual county, each borough also elects a <a href="/wiki/District_attorney" title="District attorney">district attorney</a>, as does every other county of New York State. While the district attorneys of Manhattan and Brooklyn are popularly referred to as "Manhattan D.A. <a href="/wiki/Cyrus_Vance,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrus Vance, Jr.">Cyrus Vance, Jr.</a>", or "Brooklyn D.A. <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_P._Thompson" title="Kenneth P. Thompson">Kenneth P. Thompson</a>" by the media, they are technically and legally the district attorneys of New York County and Kings County, respectively. The same goes for Staten Island. There is no such distinction made for the district attorneys of the other two counties, Queens and the Bronx, since these boroughs share the respective counties' names. Because the five district attorneys are, technically speaking, state officials (since the counties are considered to be arms of the state government), rather than officials of the city government, they are not subject to the <a href="/wiki/Term_limit" title="Term limit">term limitations</a> that govern other New York City officials such as the mayor, the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Public_Advocate" title="New York City Public Advocate">New York City Public Advocate</a>, members of the city council, or the borough presidents. Some <a href="/wiki/Civil_law_(common_law)" title="Civil law (common law)">civil court</a> judges also are elected on a borough-wide basis, although they generally are eligible to serve throughout the city. </p><p>In some document collections the boroughs used to be designated with a one-letter abbreviation: K for Brooklyn, M for Manhattan, Q for Queens, R for Staten Island (Richmond County), and X for the Bronx.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sixth_borough">Sixth borough</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boroughs_of_New_York_City&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Sixth borough"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sixth_borough" title="Sixth borough">Sixth borough</a></div> <p>The term "sixth borough" is used to describe any of a number of places that have been <a href="/wiki/Metaphor" title="Metaphor">metaphorically</a> called a part of New York City because of their geographic location, demographics (they include large numbers of former New Yorkers), special affiliation, or <a href="/wiki/Cosmopolitanism" title="Cosmopolitanism">cosmopolitan</a> character. They have included adjacent cities and counties in the <a href="/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area" title="New York metropolitan area">New York metropolitan area</a> as well as in other states, <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">U.S. territories</a>, and foreign countries.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2011, New York Mayor <a href="/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg" title="Michael Bloomberg">Michael Bloomberg</a> referred to the city's <a href="/wiki/Waterfront_(area)" title="Waterfront (area)">waterfront</a> and waterways as a composite sixth borough during presentations of planned rehabilitation projects along the city's <a href="/wiki/Shore" class="mw-redirect" title="Shore">shoreline</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including <a href="/wiki/Governor%27s_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor's Island">Governor's Island</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Upper_New_York_Bay" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper New York Bay">Upper New York Bay</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Hudson_Waterfront" title="Hudson Waterfront">Hudson Waterfront</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">U.S. state</a> of <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a>, lies opposite Manhattan on the <a href="/wiki/North_River_(Hudson_River)" title="North River (Hudson River)">Hudson River</a>, and during the <a href="/wiki/New_Netherland" title="New Netherland">Dutch colonial era</a>, it was under the jurisdiction of <a href="/wiki/New_Amsterdam" title="New Amsterdam">New Amsterdam</a> and known as <a href="/wiki/Bergen,_New_Netherland" title="Bergen, New Netherland">Bergen</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jersey_City,_New_Jersey" title="Jersey City, New Jersey">Jersey City</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hoboken,_New_Jersey" title="Hoboken, New Jersey">Hoboken</a>, in New Jersey's <a href="/wiki/Hudson_County,_New_Jersey" title="Hudson County, New Jersey">Hudson County</a>, are sometimes referred to as the sixth borough, given their proximity and connections by <a href="/wiki/PATH_(rail_system)" title="PATH (rail system)">rapid transit PATH trains</a> to the city.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Fort_Lee,_New_Jersey" title="Fort Lee, New Jersey">Fort Lee</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Bergen_County,_New_Jersey" title="Bergen County, New Jersey">Bergen County</a>, opposite Upper Manhattan and connected by the <a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Bridge" title="George Washington Bridge">George Washington Bridge</a>, has also been called the sixth borough. <a href="/wiki/Yonkers,_New_York" title="Yonkers, New York">Yonkers</a>, in Westchester County, is often referred to as the sixth borough as well.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boroughs_of_New_York_City&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_New_York_City" title="Flags of New York City">Flags of New York City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_New_York" title="List of counties in New York">List of counties in New York</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boroughs_of_New_York_City&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oW4_AAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA10"><i>The Charter for the Greater New York, and Acts Supplementary Thereto, as Adopted by the State Legislature</i></a>, p. 10. <i><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Daily_Eagle" class="mw-redirect" title="Brooklyn Daily Eagle">Brooklyn Daily Eagle</a></i>, 1898. Accessed September 21, 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bacharach, Jacqueline; and Barrales, Ruben. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DyfWFTA6fVkC&pg=PA197"><i>Growth Within Bounds</i></a>, p. 197. California Commission on Local Governance for the 21st Century, DIANE Publishing, 2000. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780756706319" title="Special:BookSources/9780756706319">9780756706319</a>. Accessed September 21, 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mtgis-portal.geo.census.gov/arcgis/apps/MapSeries/index.html?appid=2566121a73de463995ed2b2fd7ff6eb7">"A Story Map: 2020 Census Demographic Data Map Viewer"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 12,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Story+Map%3A+2020+Census+Demographic+Data+Map+Viewer&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmtgis-portal.geo.census.gov%2Farcgis%2Fapps%2FMapSeries%2Findex.html%3Fappid%3D2566121a73de463995ed2b2fd7ff6eb7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoroughs+of+New+York+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/newyorkcountynewyork,richmondcountynewyork,kingscountynewyork,queenscountynewyork,bronxcountynewyork,newyorkcitynewyork/PST045222">"QuickFacts New York County, New York; Richmond County, New York; Kings County, New York; Queens County, New York; Bronx County, New York; New York city, New York"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 13,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=QuickFacts+New+York+County%2C+New+York%3B+Richmond+County%2C+New+York%3B+Kings+County%2C+New+York%3B+Queens+County%2C+New+York%3B+Bronx+County%2C+New+York%3B+New+York+city%2C+New+York&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fquickfacts%2Ffact%2Ftable%2Fnewyorkcountynewyork%2Crichmondcountynewyork%2Ckingscountynewyork%2Cqueenscountynewyork%2Cbronxcountynewyork%2Cnewyorkcitynewyork%2FPST045222&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoroughs+of+New+York+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.nyc.gov/site/planning/data-maps/nyc-population/current-future-populations.page">"NYC Population: Current and Projected Populations"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NYC.gov" class="mw-redirect" title="NYC.gov">NYC.gov</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 10,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NYC+Population%3A+Current+and+Projected+Populations&rft.pub=NYC.gov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww1.nyc.gov%2Fsite%2Fplanning%2Fdata-maps%2Fnyc-population%2Fcurrent-future-populations.page&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoroughs+of+New+York+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fred.stlouisfed.org/release?rid=397">"Gross Domestic Product by County and Metropolitan Area, 2022"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Economic_Analysis" title="Bureau of Economic Analysis">Bureau of Economic Analysis</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gross+Domestic+Product+by+County+and+Metropolitan+Area%2C+2022&rft.pub=Bureau+of+Economic+Analysis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffred.stlouisfed.org%2Frelease%3Frid%3D397&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoroughs+of+New+York+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web-static.nypl.org/exhibitions/midatlantic/geo_bronx.html">"American Shores: The Bronx and Westchester"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240119013505/http://web-static.nypl.org/exhibitions/midatlantic/geo_bronx.html">Archived</a> January 19, 2024, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_Public_Library" title="New York Public Library">New York Public Library</a>. Accessed January 18, 2024. "The area of Westchester County west of the Bronx River, made up of the towns of Morrisania, West Farms, and Kingsbridge, was annexed to the City of New York in 1874. The eastern part, made up of the town of Westchester and part of the town of Eastchester, was annexed in 1895."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thirteen.org/bronx/history2.html">"Birth of a Borough"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221010081853/https://www.thirteen.org/bronx/history2.html">Archived</a> October 10, 2022, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>A Walk Through the Bronx</i>. Accessed January 3, 2024. "After consolidation in 1898, the twenty-third and twenty-fourth wards became the borough of the Bronx, which with Manhattan remained part of New York County (the other boroughs were already separate counties).... It was not until 1912, however, that the state legislature established the County of the Bronx as the sixty-second county in the state, effective January 1, 1914."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Williams, Keith. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ny.curbed.com/2015/10/20/9912148/how-queens-became-new-york-citys-largest-borough">"How Queens Became New York City's Largest Borough"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160908003829/http://ny.curbed.com/2015/10/20/9912148/how-queens-became-new-york-citys-largest-borough">Archived</a> September 8, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Curbed" title="Curbed">Curbed</a>, October 20, 2015. Accessed September 21, 2016. "On April 28, 1898, the state Legislature approved the creation of a new county, which some in the eastern half of the former Queens County had wanted for nearly 60 years."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kaufman, Michael T. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1974/08/28/archives/council-weighs-making-staten-island-official.html">"Council Weighs Making 'Staten Island' Official"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171012151617/http://www.nytimes.com/1974/08/28/archives/council-weighs-making-staten-island-official.html">Archived</a> October 12, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, August 28, 1974. Accessed September 21, 2016. "Yesterday a committee of the City Council sought to right matters with a resolution that, if adopted by the full Council and approved by the Mayor, would have the borough's name officially changed to Staten Island.... The resolution only affects the name of the borough. The county would remain Richmond, in the way that the borough of Manhattan is the county of New York, and Brooklyn is the county of Kings."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ManhattanTheCity-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ManhattanTheCity_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJen_Carlson2012" class="citation web cs1">Jen Carlson (May 21, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161025130428/http://gothamist.com/2012/05/21/do_you_refer_to_manhattan_as_the_ci.php">"Do You Refer To Manhattan As "The City"?"</a>. Gothamist. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gothamist.com/2012/05/21/do_you_refer_to_manhattan_as_the_ci.php">the original</a> on October 25, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 23,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Do+You+Refer+To+Manhattan+As+%22The+City%22%3F&rft.pub=Gothamist&rft.date=2012-05-21&rft.au=Jen+Carlson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgothamist.com%2F2012%2F05%2F21%2Fdo_you_refer_to_manhattan_as_the_ci.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoroughs+of+New+York+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Purdum, Todd S. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1992/02/22/nyregion/political-memo-an-embattled-city-hall-moves-to-brooklyn.html">"Political memo; An Embattled City Hall Moves to Brooklyn"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190501023520/https://www.nytimes.com/1992/02/22/nyregion/political-memo-an-embattled-city-hall-moves-to-brooklyn.html">Archived</a> May 1, 2019, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>The New York Times</i>, February 22, 1992. Accessed August 23, 2017. ""Leaders in all of them fear that recent changes in the City Charter that shifted power from the borough presidents to the City Council have diminished government's recognition of the sense of identity that leads people to say they live in the Bronx, and to describe visiting Manhattan as 'going to the city.<span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMannValera" class="citation web cs1">Mann, Camille; Valera, Stephanie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://weather.com/travel/news/worlds-most-crowded-islands-photos-20130624?pageno=4#/4">"10 Most Crowded Islands in the World"</a>. The Weather Channel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160409061527/https://weather.com/travel/news/worlds-most-crowded-islands-photos-20130624?pageno=4#/4">Archived</a> from the original on April 9, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=10+Most+Crowded+Islands+in+the+World&rft.pub=The+Weather+Channel&rft.aulast=Mann&rft.aufirst=Camille&rft.au=Valera%2C+Stephanie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweather.com%2Ftravel%2Fnews%2Fworlds-most-crowded-islands-photos-20130624%3Fpageno%3D4%23%2F4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoroughs+of+New+York+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Dan_Barry_(reporter)" title="Dan Barry (reporter)">Barry, Dan</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/11/nyregion/nation-challenged-new-york-new-york-carries-but-test-its-grit-has-just-begun.html">"A Nation challenged: in New York; New York Carries On, but Test of Its Grit Has Just Begun"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200324073334/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/11/nyregion/nation-challenged-new-york-new-york-carries-but-test-its-grit-has-just-begun.html">Archived</a> March 24, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, October 11, 2001. Accessed November 20, 2016. "A roaring void has been created in the financial center of the world."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSorrentino,_Christopher2007" class="citation news cs1">Sorrentino, Christopher (September 16, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/16/nyregion/thecity/16toug.html?pagewanted=2&_r=1">"When He Was Seventeen"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090417053830/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/16/nyregion/thecity/16toug.html?pagewanted=2&_r=1">Archived</a> from the original on April 17, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 22,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=When+He+Was+Seventeen&rft.date=2007-09-16&rft.au=Sorrentino%2C+Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F09%2F16%2Fnyregion%2Fthecity%2F16toug.html%3Fpagewanted%3D2%26_r%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoroughs+of+New+York+City" class="Z3988"></span> "In 1980 there were still the remains of the various downtown revolutions that had reinvigorated New York's music and art scenes and kept Manhattan in the position it had occupied since the 1940s as the cultural center of the world."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBumiller,_Elisabeth1995" class="citation news cs1">Bumiller, Elisabeth (October 8, 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1995/10/08/nyregion/pope-s-visit-cardinal-pope-s-important-ally-cardinal-shines-high-hierarchy.html">"The Pope's visit: the cardinal; As Pope's Important Ally, Cardinal Shines High in Hierarchy"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120120144044/http://www.nytimes.com/1995/10/08/nyregion/pope-s-visit-cardinal-pope-s-important-ally-cardinal-shines-high-hierarchy.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 20, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 18,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Pope%27s+visit%3A+the+cardinal%3B+As+Pope%27s+Important+Ally%2C+Cardinal+Shines+High+in+Hierarchy&rft.date=1995-10-08&rft.au=Bumiller%2C+Elisabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1995%2F10%2F08%2Fnyregion%2Fpope-s-visit-cardinal-pope-s-important-ally-cardinal-shines-high-hierarchy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoroughs+of+New+York+City" class="Z3988"></span> "As the Archbishop of the media and cultural center of the United States, Cardinal O'Connor has extraordinary power among Catholic prelates."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_P._Ventura2010" class="citation web cs1">Michael P. Ventura (April 6, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804015340/https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20100406/manhattan/manhattan-may-be-media-capital-world-but-not-for-ipad-users">"Manhattan May Be the Media Capital of the World, But Not For iPad Users"</a>. DNAinfo. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20100406/manhattan/manhattan-may-be-media-capital-world-but-not-for-ipad-users">the original</a> on August 4, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 11,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Manhattan+May+Be+the+Media+Capital+of+the+World%2C+But+Not+For+iPad+Users&rft.pub=DNAinfo&rft.date=2010-04-06&rft.au=Michael+P.+Ventura&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dnainfo.com%2Fnew-york%2F20100406%2Fmanhattan%2Fmanhattan-may-be-media-capital-world-but-not-for-ipad-users&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoroughs+of+New+York+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ManhattanMediaEntertainmentCapital-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ManhattanMediaEntertainmentCapital_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDawn_Ennis2017" class="citation web cs1">Dawn Ennis (May 24, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lgbtqnation.com/2017/05/first-nyc-pridefest-will-televised/">"ABC will broadcast New York's pride parade live for the first time"</a>. LGBTQ Nation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170728213225/https://www.lgbtqnation.com/2017/05/first-nyc-pridefest-will-televised/">Archived</a> from the original on July 28, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 4,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ABC+will+broadcast+New+York%27s+pride+parade+live+for+the+first+time&rft.pub=LGBTQ+Nation&rft.date=2017-05-24&rft.au=Dawn+Ennis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lgbtqnation.com%2F2017%2F05%2Ffirst-nyc-pridefest-will-televised%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoroughs+of+New+York+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Islands-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Islands_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://law.justia.com/codes/new-york/2006/new-york-city-administrative-code-new/adc02-202_2-202.html">New York City Administrative Code Section 2-202 Division into boroughs and boundaries thereof – Division Into Boroughs And Boundaries Thereof.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180104013839/https://law.justia.com/codes/new-york/2006/new-york-city-administrative-code-new/adc02-202_2-202.html">Archived</a> January 4, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Justia. Accessed January 18, 2024. "The borough of Manhattan shall consist of the territory known as New York county, which shall contain all that part of the city and state, including that portion of land commonly known as Marble Hill and included within the county of New York and borough of Manhattan for all purposes pursuant to chapter nine hundred thirty-nine of the laws of nineteen hundred eighty-four and further including the islands called Manhattan Island, Governor's Island, Bedloe's Island, Ellis Island, Franklin D. Roosevelt Island, Randall's Island and Oyster Island..."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-canal-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-canal_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Gray_(architectural_historian)" title="Christopher Gray (architectural historian)">Gray, Christopher</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1988/03/06/realestate/streetscapes-spuyten-duyvil-swing-bridge-restoring-a-link-in-the-city-s-lifeline.html">"Streetscapes: Spuyten Duyvil Swing Bridge; Restoring a Link In the City's Lifeline"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200116001257/https://www.nytimes.com/1988/03/06/realestate/streetscapes-spuyten-duyvil-swing-bridge-restoring-a-link-in-the-city-s-lifeline.html">Archived</a> January 16, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, March 6, 1988. Accessed January 18, 2024. "At some point, the wooden bridge was replaced by an iron one, certainly by 1895 when the Spuyten Duyvil Creek and the Harlem River were widened and joined as the Harlem River Ship Canal, linking the East and Hudson Rivers."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jackson, Nancy Beth. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2003/01/26/realestate/if-you-re-thinking-living-marble-hill-tiny-slice-manhattan-mainland.html">"If You're Thinking of Living In/Marble Hill; Tiny Slice of Manhattan on the Mainland"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190328073616/https://www.nytimes.com/2003/01/26/realestate/if-you-re-thinking-living-marble-hill-tiny-slice-manhattan-mainland.html">Archived</a> March 28, 2019, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, January 26, 2003. Accessed January 18, 2024. "The building of the Harlem River Ship Canal turned the hill into an island in 1895, but when Spuyten Duyvel Creek on the west was filled in before World War I, the 51 acres became firmly attached to the mainland and the Bronx."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chambers, Marcia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1984/05/16/nyregion/judge-s-ruling-revives-dispute-on-marble-hill.html">"Judge's Ruling Revives Dispute On Marble Hill"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240108215749/https://www.nytimes.com/1984/05/16/nyregion/judge-s-ruling-revives-dispute-on-marble-hill.html">Archived</a> January 8, 2024, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, May 16, 1984. Accessed January 8, 2024. "After a painstaking legal and historical analysis, Justice Peter J. McQuillan said rather, that Marble Hill lies in both. 'The conclusion is irresistible,' he said in a 36-page opinion, that Marble Hill is situated in the Borough of Manhattan, but is not part of New York County. By statute, he said, 'it is in Bronx County.' Contrary to what the Legislature may have thought when it redefined boundary lines for Manhattan in 1938 and again in 1940, it 'dealt only with boroughs and not counties,' the judge wrote. In short, the boundaries of New York County and Manhattan are not the same, he said."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1984/06/27/nyregion/bill-would-clarify-marble-hill-s-status.html">"Bill Would Clarify Marble Hill's Status"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240204182616/https://www.nytimes.com/1984/06/27/nyregion/bill-would-clarify-marble-hill-s-status.html">Archived</a> February 4, 2024, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, June 27, 1984. Accessed January 8, 2024. "The Assembly voted tonight to move the Marble Hill section of the Borough of Manhattan into New York County, thereby correcting a 46-year old mistake.... A dispute over Marble Hill followed, but the matter was mostly put to rest in 1938, when the boundaries of the Borough of Manhattan were shifted to include Marble Hill.... Tonight the Assembly voted 140 to 4 and joined the Senate in moving to change that, and the measure now goes to the Governor. It would be retroactive to Jan. 1, 1938."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://law.justia.com/cases/new-york/appellate-division-first-department/2007/2007-09955.html"><i>Montesano v New York City Hous. Auth.</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240108221245/https://law.justia.com/cases/new-york/appellate-division-first-department/2007/2007-09955.html">Archived</a> January 8, 2024, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Justia, as corrected through March 19, 2008. Accessed January 8, 2024. "Less than 10 weeks after the Boyd decision, the Legislature eliminated any doubt that the Borough of Manhattan and New York County were conterminous in this respect by specifically including Marble Hill in both the Borough of Manhattan and New York County, 'for all purposes,' retroactive to 1938 (L 1984, ch 939). The official map of the City of New York now shows that Marble Hill is located in New York County."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Frank_J._Macchiarola" class="mw-redirect" title="Frank J. Macchiarola">Macchiarola, Frank J.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.city-journal.org/article/the-two-new-yorks">"The Two New Yorks"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240119013506/https://www.city-journal.org/article/the-two-new-yorks">Archived</a> January 19, 2024, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/City_Journal" title="City Journal">City Journal</a></i>, Spring 1993. Accessed January 18, 2024. "I believe, however, that the most critical distinction is one that is seldom discussed and that cuts across lines of both race and class, separating New Yorkers on the basis of their political and social culture. The distinction is between what are in fact two 'boroughs,' Manhattan and outer borough New York. Both include people of all ethnic groups and various economic conditions."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFImmerso2002" class="citation book cs1">Immerso, Michael (2002). <i>Coney Island: The People's Playground</i>. Rutgers University Press. p. 3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8135-3138-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8135-3138-1"><bdi>0-8135-3138-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Coney+Island%3A+The+People%27s+Playground&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Rutgers+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-8135-3138-1&rft.aulast=Immerso&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoroughs+of+New+York+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LargestParksNYC-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LargestParksNYC_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LargestParksNYC_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoe_Dorish" class="citation web cs1">Joe Dorish. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://new-york-ny.knoji.com/10-largest-parks-in-new-york-city/">"10 Largest Parks in New York City"</a>. ZipfWorks, Inc. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406110813/https://new-york-ny.knoji.com/10-largest-parks-in-new-york-city/">Archived</a> from the original on April 6, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 20,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=10+Largest+Parks+in+New+York+City&rft.pub=ZipfWorks%2C+Inc&rft.au=Joe+Dorish&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnew-york-ny.knoji.com%2F10-largest-parks-in-new-york-city%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoroughs+of+New+York+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbinsights.com/blog/brooklyn-hot-startup-list-investments/">"19 Reasons Why Brooklyn Is New York's New Startup Hotspot"</a>. CB Insights. October 19, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160409004353/https://www.cbinsights.com/blog/brooklyn-hot-startup-list-investments/">Archived</a> from the original on April 9, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 27,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=19+Reasons+Why+Brooklyn+Is+New+York%27s+New+Startup+Hotspot&rft.pub=CB+Insights&rft.date=2015-10-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbinsights.com%2Fblog%2Fbrooklyn-hot-startup-list-investments%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoroughs+of+New+York+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BrooklynDesignHub-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BrooklynDesignHub_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BrooklynDesignHub_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVanessa_Friedman2016" class="citation news cs1">Vanessa Friedman (April 30, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/01/fashion/brooklyn-wearables-revolution.html?ribbon-ad-idx=5&rref=fashion&module=Ribbon&version=context&region=Header&action=click&contentCollection=Fashion%20%26%20Style&pgtype=article">"Brooklyn's Wearable Revolution"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170827214557/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/01/fashion/brooklyn-wearables-revolution.html?ribbon-ad-idx=5&rref=fashion&module=Ribbon&version=context&region=Header&action=click&contentCollection=Fashion%20%26%20Style&pgtype=article">Archived</a> from the original on August 27, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 27,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=One+Celebrated+Brooklyn+Artist%27s+Futuristic+New+Practice&rft.date=2016-04-29&rft.au=Alexandria+Symonds&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F04%2F29%2Ft-magazine%2Fart%2Fdustin-yellin-vr-google-tilt-brush-art.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoroughs+of+New+York+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-QueensMostDiverseWorld1-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-QueensMostDiverseWorld1_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-QueensMostDiverseWorld1_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristine_Kim,_Demand_Media" class="citation news cs1">Christine Kim, Demand Media. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://traveltips.usatoday.com/queens-new-york-sightseeing-107156.html">"Queens, New York, Sightseeing"</a>. <i>USA TODAY</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160616145824/http://traveltips.usatoday.com/queens-new-york-sightseeing-107156.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 16, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Administrative_divisions_of_New_York" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Administrative_divisions_of_New_York" title="Template:Administrative divisions of New York"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Administrative_divisions_of_New_York" title="Template talk:Administrative divisions of New York"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Administrative_divisions_of_New_York" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Administrative divisions of New York"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Administrative_divisions_of_New_York" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_New_York_(state)" title="Administrative divisions of New York (state)">Administrative divisions of New York</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Primary division</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Boroughs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_New_York_(state)#County" title="Administrative divisions of New York (state)">County</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_New_York" title="List of counties in New York">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Secondary divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_in_New_York" title="List of towns in New York">Towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in New York">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_Indian_Reservations_in_New_York_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of American Indian Reservations in New York (state)">Indian Reservations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_boards_of_New_York_City" title="Community boards of New York City">Community districts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_villages_in_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="List of villages in New York">Villages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_New_York" title="List of census-designated places in New York">Census-designated places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_school_districts_in_New_York" title="List of school districts in New York">School districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_New_York_(state)" title="List of places in New York (state)">Places</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="New_York_City" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#FF6600; color: #FFFFFF;;background:#003884; color: #FF6600;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:New_York_City" title="Template:New York City"><abbr title="View this template" style="color: #FF6600">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:New_York_City" title="Template talk:New York City"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color: #FF6600">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:New_York_City" title="Special:EditPage/Template:New York City"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color: #FF6600">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="New_York_City" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: #FF6600; text-decoration: inherit;">New York City</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#FF6600; color: #FFFFFF;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_New_York_City-related_articles" title="Index of New York City-related articles"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFFFFF">Index of New York City-related articles</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FF6600; color: #FFFFFF;;width:1%">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_York_City" title="History of New York City">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_New_York_City" title="Timeline of New York City">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neighborhoods_in_New_York_City" title="Neighborhoods in New York City">Neighborhoods</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_ethnic_enclaves" title="New York City ethnic enclaves">ethnic enclaves</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_New_York_City" title="Architecture of New York City">Architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_Deco_architecture_of_New_York_City" title="Art Deco architecture of New York City">Art Deco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_buildings,_sites,_and_monuments_in_New_York_City" title="List of buildings, sites, and monuments in New York City">monuments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_New_York_City" title="List of tallest buildings in New York City">skyscrapers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_New_York_City" title="List of people from New York City">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_New_York_City" title="Media in New York City">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_New_York_City" title="Economy of New York City">Economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_based_in_New_York_City" title="List of companies based in New York City">companies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_New_York_City" title="Geography of New York City">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_New_York_City" title="Climate of New York City">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_New_York_City" title="Flags of New York City">Flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_New_York_City" title="Environmental issues in New York City">Environmental issues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_New_York_City" title="Environment of New York City">environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_and_water_in_New_York_City" title="Food and water in New York City">food and water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rats_in_New_York_City" title="Rats in New York City">rats</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_New_York_City" title="Demographics of New York City">Demographics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographic_history_of_New_York_City" title="Demographic history of New York City">history</a></li></ul></li> <li>Directories <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_directories" title="Brooklyn directories">Brooklyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_directories" title="New York City directories">Manhattan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queens_directories" title="Queens directories">Queens</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NYC_Logo_Wolff_Olins.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wordmark of New York"><img alt="Wordmark of New York" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/NYC_Logo_Wolff_Olins.svg/60px-NYC_Logo_Wolff_Olins.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/NYC_Logo_Wolff_Olins.svg/90px-NYC_Logo_Wolff_Olins.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/NYC_Logo_Wolff_Olins.svg/120px-NYC_Logo_Wolff_Olins.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="88" data-file-height="29" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FF6600; color: #FFFFFF;;width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFFFFF">Boroughs</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Bronx" title="The Bronx">The Bronx</a> (Bronx County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a> (Kings County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a> (New York County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a> (Queens County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staten_Island" title="Staten Island">Staten Island</a> (Richmond County)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FF6600; color: #FFFFFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_New_York_City" title="Government of New York City"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFFFFF">Government</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_New_York_City" title="Mayor of New York City">Mayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_mayoral_elections" title="New York City mayoral elections">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Council" title="New York City Council">Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_president" title="Borough president">Borough presidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_boards_of_New_York_City" title="Community boards of New York City">Community Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_New_York_City" title="Politics of New York City">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_York_City_agencies" title="List of New York City agencies">City agencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toilets_in_New_York_City" title="Toilets in New York City">Toilets</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FF6600; color: #FFFFFF;;width:1%">Emergency services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hospitals_in_New_York_City" title="List of hospitals in New York City">Hospitals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Fire_Department" title="New York City Fire Department">Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Police_Department" title="New York City Police Department">Police</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_New_York_City" title="Crime in New York City">crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_New_York_City" title="Law enforcement in New York City">law enforcement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Emergency_Management" title="New York City Emergency Management">Emergency Management</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FF6600; color: #FFFFFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_New_York_City" title="Transportation in New York City"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFFFFF">Transportation</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_transportation_in_New_York_City" title="History of transportation in New York City">History</a></li> <li>Entities <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Transportation" title="New York City Department of Transportation">DOT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Board_of_Transportation" title="New York City Board of Transportation">former BOT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vision_Zero_(New_York_City)" title="Vision Zero (New York City)">Vision Zero Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Authority_of_New_York_and_New_Jersey" title="Port Authority of New York and New Jersey">Port Authority</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Transportation_Authority" title="Metropolitan Transportation Authority">Metropolitan Transportation Authority</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Subway" title="New York City Subway">Subway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTA_Regional_Bus_Operations" title="MTA Regional Bus Operations">Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staten_Island_Railway" title="Staten Island Railway">Staten Island Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Island_Rail_Road" title="Long Island Rail Road">Long Island Rail Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro-North_Railroad" title="Metro-North Railroad">Metro-North Railroad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PATH_(rail_system)" title="PATH (rail system)">PATH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bridges_and_tunnels_in_New_York_City" title="List of bridges and tunnels in New York City">Bridges and tunnels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Streets_in_New_York_City" title="Category:Streets in New York City">Streets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aviation_in_the_New_York_metropolitan_area" title="Aviation in the New York metropolitan area">Airports</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_International_Airport" title="John F. Kennedy International Airport">John F. Kennedy International Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaGuardia_Airport" title="LaGuardia Airport">LaGuardia Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newark_Liberty_International_Airport" title="Newark Liberty International Airport">Newark Liberty International Airport</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FF6600; color: #FFFFFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_New_York_City" title="Culture of New York City"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFFFFF">Culture</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_arts_organizations" title="New York City arts organizations">Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_about_New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Books about New York City">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_gardens_in_New_York_City" title="Community gardens in New York City">Community gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_New_York_City" title="Cuisine of New York City">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_English" title="New York City English">Dialect</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_accent" title="New York accent">accent</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmers%27_markets_in_New_York_City" title="Farmers' markets in New York City">Farmers' markets</a></li> <li>Libraries <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Public_Library" title="Brooklyn Public Library">Brooklyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Public_Library" title="New York Public Library">New York (Manhattan, the Bronx, Staten Island)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queens_Public_Library" title="Queens Public Library">Queens</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_and_cultural_institutions_in_New_York_City" title="List of museums and cultural institutions in New York City">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_New_York_City" title="Music of New York City">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicknames_of_New_York_City" title="Nicknames of New York City">Nicknames</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_Apple" title="Big Apple">Big Apple</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_borough" title="Sixth borough">"Sixth borough"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_the_New_York_metropolitan_area" title="Sports in the New York metropolitan area">Sports</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_games_of_New_York_City" title="Traditional games of New York City">Traditional games</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_New_York_City" title="Tourism in New York City">Tourism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_York_City_gardens" title="List of New York City gardens">gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_New_York_City_landmarks" title="Lists of New York City landmarks">landmarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_parks_in_New_York_City" title="List of parks in New York City">parks</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FF6600; color: #FFFFFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Education_in_New_York_City" title="Education in New York City"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFFFFF">Education</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Education" title="New York City Department of Education">Dept. of Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_elementary_schools_in_New_York_City" title="List of public elementary schools in New York City">Elementary schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_high_schools_in_New_York_City" title="List of high schools in New York City">High schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colleges_and_universities_in_New_York_City" title="List of colleges and universities in New York City">Colleges</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FF6600; color: #FFFFFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_York_City" title="History of New York City"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFFFFF">History</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_New_York_City" title="Timeline of New York City">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_York_City_(prehistory%E2%80%931664)" title="History of New York City (prehistory–1664)">Prehistory-1664</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Amsterdam" title="New Amsterdam">New Amsterdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_York_City_(1665%E2%80%931783)" title="History of New York City (1665–1783)">1665–1783</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_York_City_(1784%E2%80%931854)" title="History of New York City (1784–1854)">1784–1854</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_York_City_(1855%E2%80%931897)" title="History of New York City (1855–1897)">1855–1897</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="New York City in the American Civil War">Civil War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Bronx" title="West Bronx">Annexed District (1874)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Bronx" title="East Bronx">East Bronx expansion (1895)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Greater_New_York" title="City of Greater New York">1898 expansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_York_City_(1898%E2%80%931945)" title="History of New York City (1898–1945)">1898–1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_York_City_(1946%E2%80%931977)" title="History of New York City (1946–1977)">1946–1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_York_City_(1978%E2%80%93present)" title="History of New York City (1978–present)">1978–present</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">9/11 terror attacks</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">COVID-19 pandemic</a> and <a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant">Delta</a><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Omicron_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant">cron</a> hybrid variant (2020–2021)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moving_Day_(New_York_City)" title="Moving Day (New York City)">Moving Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tammany_Hall" title="Tammany Hall">Tammany Hall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#FF6600; 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