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Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Залаты закон (Бразілія) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Залаты закон (Бразілія)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Златен закон – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Златен закон" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llei_%C3%80uria" title="Llei Àuria – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llei Àuria" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lei_%C3%81urea" title="Lei Áurea – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lei Áurea" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ley_%C3%81urea" title="Ley Áurea – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ley Áurea" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loi_d%27or" title="Loi d'or – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Loi d'or" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lei_%C3%81urea" title="Lei Áurea – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Lei Áurea" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lei_%C3%81urea" title="Lei Áurea – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lei Áurea" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A7_%D7%94%D7%96%D7%94%D7%91" title="חוק הזהב – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חוק הזהב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ოქროს კანონი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ოქროს კანონი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lwa_d%C3%B2" title="Lwa dò – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lwa dò" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lex_Aurea" title="Lex Aurea – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lex Aurea" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lei_%C3%81urea" title="Lei Áurea – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Lei Áurea" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lei_%C3%81urea" title="Lei Áurea – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Lei Áurea" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lei_%C3%81urea" title="Lei Áurea – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lei Áurea" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Золотой закон (Бразилия) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Золотой закон (Бразилия)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lei_%C3%81urea" title="Lei Áurea – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lei Áurea" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Золотий закон (Бразилія) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Золотий закон (Бразилія)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> 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font-weight: bold; font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:center;"><div style="margin: 0 4em"><b><a href="/wiki/Long_title" class="mw-redirect" title="Long title">Long title</a></b></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Law No. 3,353 of 13 May 1888 </div> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Citation</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.camara.leg.br/legin/fed/leimp/1824-1899/lei-3353-13-maio-1888-533138-publicacaooriginal-16269-pl.html">Law No. 3,353 of 13 May 1888</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Territorial extent</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Brazil" title="Empire of Brazil">Empire of Brazil</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Passed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/General_Assembly_(Brazil)" title="General Assembly (Brazil)">General Assembly of the Empire of Brazil</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Passed</th><td class="infobox-data">12 May 1888</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Enacted</th><td class="infobox-data">13 May 1888</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Isabel,_Princess_Imperial_of_Brazil" title="Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil">Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Introduced by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_Augusto_da_Silva" title="Rodrigo Augusto da Silva">Rodrigo Augusto da Silva</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Summary</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Declares slavery extinct in Brazil.</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b><span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">Lei Áurea</i></span></b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Portuguese pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="pt-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Portuguese" title="Help:IPA/Portuguese">[ˈlej<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈawɾiɐ]</a></span>; English: <span lang="en">Golden Law</span>), officially Law No. 3,353 of 13 May 1888, is the law that abolished <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Brazil" title="Slavery in Brazil">slavery in Brazil</a>. It was signed by <a href="/wiki/Isabel,_Princess_Imperial_of_Brazil" title="Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil">Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil</a> (1846–1921), an opponent of slavery, who acted as regent to Emperor <a href="/wiki/Pedro_II_of_Brazil" title="Pedro II of Brazil">Pedro II</a>, who was in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-c-l_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c-l-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-schwartz_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schwartz-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i>Lei Áurea</i> was preceded by the <a href="/wiki/Rio_Branco_Law" title="Rio Branco Law">Rio Branco Law</a> of 28 September 1871 ("the Law of Free Birth"), which freed all children born to slave parents, and by the <a href="/wiki/Saraiva-Cotegipe_Law" title="Saraiva-Cotegipe Law">Saraiva-Cotegipe Law</a> (also known as "the Law of Sexagenarians"), of 28 September 1885, that freed slaves when they reached the age of 60. Brazil was the last country in the <a href="/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">Western world</a> to abolish slavery.<sup id="cite_ref-c-l_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c-l-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lei_%C3%81urea&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aside from the activities of <a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_Brazil" title="Abolitionism in Brazil">abolitionists</a>, there were a number of reasons for the signing of the law: slavery was no longer profitable, as the wages of <a href="/wiki/European_immigration_to_Brazil" title="European immigration to Brazil">European immigrants</a>, whose working conditions were poor, cost less than the upkeep of slaves, and the decline in the arrival of new slaves. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Text">Text</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lei_%C3%81urea&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Text"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The text of the <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">Lei Áurea</i></span> was brief:<sup id="cite_ref-c_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"> <p><span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">Art. 1.º: É declarada extinta desde a data desta lei a escravidão no Brasil.<br /> Art. 2.º: Revogam-se as disposições em contrário.</i></span><br /> (Article 1: From the date of this law, slavery is declared extinct in Brazil.<br />Article 2: All dispositions to the contrary are <a href="/wiki/Revocation" title="Revocation">revoked</a>.) </p> </blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Analysis">Analysis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lei_%C3%81urea&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Analysis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The succinctness of the law was intended to make clear that there were no conditions of any kind to the freeing of all slaves. However, it did not provide any support to either freed slaves or their former owners to adjust their lives to their new status: slave owners did not receive any state indemnification, and slaves did not receive any kind of compensation from owners or assistance from the state. </p><p>Before the abolition of slavery, slaves were prohibited from owning assets or receiving an education; but after being freed, former slaves were left to make their own way in the world. Without education or political representation, former slaves struggled to gain economic and social status in Brazilian society. </p><p>The <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">Lei Áurea</i></span> was authored by <a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_Augusto_da_Silva" title="Rodrigo Augusto da Silva">Rodrigo A. da Silva</a>, then Minister of Agriculture in the cabinet headed by prime minister <a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Alfredo_Correia_de_Oliveira" title="João Alfredo Correia de Oliveira">João Alfredo Correia de Oliveira</a>, and member of the Chamber of Deputies. After passing both houses of the <a href="/wiki/General_Assembly_(Brazil)" title="General Assembly (Brazil)">General Assembly</a>, it was sanctioned by Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil (1846–1921), who was regent at the time, while her father, emperor Pedro II, was in Europe. </p><p>The Golden Law was signed by the princess imperial and countersigned by Rodrigo A. da Silva, in his capacity as Minister of Agriculture. Princess Isabel, who was a staunch supporter of the abolitionist movement, was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Rose" title="Golden Rose">Golden Rose</a> by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_XIII" title="Pope Leo XIII">Pope Leo XIII</a> and minister Rodrigo A. da Silva received honors from the Vatican, France and Portugal. In August 1888 Rodrigo A. da Silva went on to be chosen for a lifetime seat in the Senate of the Empire. </p><p>The <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">Lei Áurea</i></span> had other consequences besides the freeing of all slaves; without slaves and lacking workers, the plantation owners had to recruit workers elsewhere and thus organized, in the 1890s, the <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">Sociedade Promotora de Imigração</i></span> ("Society for the Promotion of Immigration"). Another effect was an uproar among Brazilian slave owners and upper classes, resulting in the toppling of the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Brazil" title="Empire of Brazil">monarchy</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_the_Republic_(Brazil)" title="Proclamation of the Republic (Brazil)">establishment of a republic in 1889</a> – the <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">Lei Áurea</i></span> is often regarded as the most immediate (but not the only) cause of the fall of monarchy in Brazil. </p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:808px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Missa_17_maio_1888.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Large open mass celebrated in thanksgiving for the Abolition of Slavery in Brazil, in 1888, in Campo de São Cristóvão. Princess Isabel and Count of Eu are in the left corner, under an imperial tent"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Missa_17_maio_1888.jpg/800px-Missa_17_maio_1888.jpg" decoding="async" width="800" height="433" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Missa_17_maio_1888.jpg/1200px-Missa_17_maio_1888.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Missa_17_maio_1888.jpg/1600px-Missa_17_maio_1888.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5856" data-file-height="3168" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Missa_17_maio_1888.jpg" title="File:Missa 17 maio 1888.jpg"> </a></div>Large open mass celebrated in thanksgiving for the Abolition of Slavery in Brazil, in 1888, in Campo de São Cristóvão. Princess Isabel and <a href="/wiki/Gaston,_Count_of_Eu" title="Gaston, Count of Eu">Count of Eu</a> are in the left corner, under an imperial tent</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lei_%C3%81urea&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emancipation_Proclamation" title="Emancipation Proclamation">Emancipation Proclamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-abolition_in_Brazil" title="Post-abolition in Brazil">Post-abolition in Brazil</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lei_%C3%81urea&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-c-l-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-c-l_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-c-l_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCandido2007" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Candido, M. P. (2007). "Lei Áurea". <i>Encyclopedia of emancipation and abolition in the Transatlantic world</i>. London, United Kingdom: Routledge.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Lei+%C3%81urea&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+emancipation+and+abolition+in+the+Transatlantic+world&rft.place=London%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Candido&rft.aufirst=M.+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALei+%C3%81urea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-schwartz-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-schwartz_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchwartz1996" class="citation book cs1">Schwartz, Stuart B. (1996). <i>Slaves, Peasants, and Rebels Reconsidering Brazilian Slavery</i>. University of Illinois Press. p. 1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-252-06549-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-252-06549-1"><bdi>978-0-252-06549-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Slaves%2C+Peasants%2C+and+Rebels+Reconsidering+Brazilian+Slavery&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=University+of+Illinois+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-252-06549-1&rft.aulast=Schwartz&rft.aufirst=Stuart+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALei+%C3%81urea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-c-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-c_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"The "Golden Law" Abolishing Slavery in Brazil". <i>Encyclopedia of emancipation and abolition in the Transatlantic world</i>. London, United Kingdom: Routledge. 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+%22Golden+Law%22+Abolishing+Slavery+in+Brazil&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+emancipation+and+abolition+in+the+Transatlantic+world&rft.place=London%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2007&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALei+%C3%81urea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lei_%C3%81urea&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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href="/wiki/Template:Empire_of_Brazil" title="Template:Empire of Brazil"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Empire_of_Brazil" title="Template talk:Empire of Brazil"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Empire_of_Brazil" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Empire of Brazil"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Empire_of_Brazil" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Brazil" title="Empire of Brazil">Empire of Brazil</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Empire_of_Brazil" title="History of the Empire of Brazil">History</a> (<a href="/wiki/Independence_of_Brazil" title="Independence of Brazil">Independence of Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/First_reign_(Empire_of_Brazil)" title="First reign (Empire of Brazil)">First Reign</a>, <a href="/wiki/Regency_period_(Empire_of_Brazil)" title="Regency period (Empire of Brazil)">Regency</a>, <a href="/wiki/Second_reign_(Empire_of_Brazil)" title="Second reign (Empire of Brazil)">Second Reign</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Empire_of_Brazil" title="Economy of the Empire of Brazil">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_nobility" title="Brazilian nobility">Nobility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_the_Empire_of_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Provinces of the Empire of Brazil">Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_units_of_measurement" title="Brazilian units of measurement">Units of measurement</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CoA_Empire_of_Brazil_(1870-1889).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Coat of arms consisting of a shield with a green field with a golden armillary sphere superimposed on the red and white Cross of the Order of Christ, surrounded by a blue band with 20 silver stars; the bearers are two arms of a wreath, with a coffee branch on the left and a flowering tobacco branch on the right; and above the shield is an arched golden and jeweled crown." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/CoA_Empire_of_Brazil_%281870-1889%29.svg/120px-CoA_Empire_of_Brazil_%281870-1889%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/CoA_Empire_of_Brazil_%281870-1889%29.svg/180px-CoA_Empire_of_Brazil_%281870-1889%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/CoA_Empire_of_Brazil_%281870-1889%29.svg/240px-CoA_Empire_of_Brazil_%281870-1889%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="596" data-file-height="742" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Monarchy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor of Brazil">Emperor of Brazil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_I_of_Brazil" title="Pedro I of Brazil">Pedro I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_II_of_Brazil" title="Pedro II of Brazil">Pedro II</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_imperial_family" title="Brazilian imperial family">Brazilian imperial family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Imperial_of_Brazil" title="Prince Imperial of Brazil">Prince Imperial of Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Gr%C3%A3o-Par%C3%A1" title="Prince of Grão-Pará">Prince of Grão-Pará</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Brazil_(Brazil)" title="Prince of Brazil (Brazil)">Prince of Brazil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Empire_of_Brazil" title="Politics of the Empire of Brazil">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal; background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Political instances</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Brazil" title="Prime Minister of Brazil">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Assembly_(Brazil)" title="General Assembly (Brazil)">General Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moderating_power_(Empire_of_Brazil)" title="Moderating power (Empire of Brazil)">Moderating Power</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal; background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Constitution_of_1824" title="Brazilian Constitution of 1824">Constitution of 1824</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_parliamentarism" title="Reverse parliamentarism">Reverse parliamentarism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal; background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Empire_of_Brazil" title="Armed Forces of the Empire of Brazil">Armed Forces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Brazilian_Army" title="Imperial Brazilian Army">Imperial Brazilian Army</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academia_Militar_das_Agulhas_Negras" class="mw-redirect" title="Academia Militar das Agulhas Negras">Military Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatherland_Volunteers" class="mw-redirect" title="Fatherland Volunteers">Fatherland Volunteers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_generals_of_the_Empire_of_Brazil" title="List of generals of the Empire of Brazil">List of generals</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Brazilian_Navy" title="Imperial Brazilian Navy">Imperial Brazilian Navy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naval_School_(Brazil)" title="Naval School (Brazil)">Naval School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ships_of_the_Brazilian_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="List of ships of the Brazilian Navy">List of ships</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_ranks_of_the_Empire_of_Brazil" title="Military ranks of the Empire of Brazil">Military Ranks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal; background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Brazil" title="List of wars involving Brazil">Wars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Independence_of_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="War of Independence of Brazil">Independence War</a> (1822–1824)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_the_Equator" title="Confederation of the Equator">Confederation of the Equator</a> (1824)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisplatine_War" title="Cisplatine War">Cisplatine War</a> (1825–1828)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragamuffin_War" title="Ragamuffin War">Ragamuffin War</a> (1835–1845)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabanagem" title="Cabanagem">Cabanagem</a> (1835–1840)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platine_War" title="Platine War">Platine War</a> (1851–1852)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_War" title="Uruguayan War">Uruguayan War</a> (1864–1865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_War" title="Paraguayan War">Paraguayan War</a> (1864–1870)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Brazil" title="Slavery in Brazil">Slavery</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal; background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Abolitionists" class="mw-redirect" title="Abolitionists">Abolitionists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isabel,_Princess_Imperial_of_Brazil" title="Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil">Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Rebou%C3%A7as" title="André Rebouças">André Rebouças</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaquim_Nabuco" title="Joaquim Nabuco">Joaquim Nabuco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_do_Patroc%C3%ADnio" title="José do Patrocínio">José do Patrocínio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_Gama" title="Luís Gama">Luís Gama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Jos%C3%A9_do_Nascimento" class="mw-redirect" title="Francisco José do Nascimento">Francisco José do Nascimento</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal; background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_Brazil" title="Abolitionism in Brazil">Abolitionism in Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netto_Question" title="Netto Question">Netto Question</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eus%C3%A9bio_de_Queir%C3%B3s_Law" title="Eusébio de Queirós Law">Eusébio de Queirós Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_Branco_Law" title="Rio Branco Law">Rio Branco Law</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lei Áurea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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