Ukrai艅cy osi膮gn臋li cel. Rosja od marca zakazuje eksportu benzyn

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Rosja od marca zakazuje eksportu benzyn</h1> <h2 class="jeg_post_subtitle">W wyniku m.in. przeprowadzanych przez Ukrai艅c贸w atak贸w dron贸w na rafinerie, w艂adze Rosji od 1 marca wprowadzaj膮 p贸艂roczne ograniczenia w eksporcie benzyny. To zmniejszy wp艂ywy bud偶etowe Rosji, z kt贸rych finansowana jest rosyjska agresja na Ukrainie. </h2> <div class="jeg_meta_container"><div class="jeg_post_meta jeg_post_meta_2"> <div class="meta_left"> <div class="jeg_meta_author">  <div class="pp-multiple-authors-boxes-wrapper pp-multiple-authors-wrapper pp-multiple-authors-layout-inline multiple-authors-target-shortcode box-post-id-143 box-instance-id-1 ppma_boxes_143" data-post_id="143" data-instance_id="1" data-additional_class="pp-multiple-authors-layout-inline.multiple-authors-target-shortcode" data-original_class="pp-multiple-authors-boxes-wrapper pp-multiple-authors-wrapper box-post-id-143 box-instance-id-1"> <span class="ppma-layout-prefix"></span> <div class="ppma-author-category-wrap"> <span class="ppma-category-group ppma-category-group-"> <ul class="pp-multiple-authors-boxes-ul"> <li class="pp-multiple-authors-boxes-li author_index_0 author_marszalkowskimariusz-2 has-avatar"> <div class="pp-author-boxes-avatar"> <img alt='Mariusz Marsza艂kowski' src='https://www.polon.pl/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/fot_0123-1_1600px-e1687172323825.jpg' srcset='https://www.polon.pl/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/fot_0123-1_1600px-e1687172323825.jpg' class='multiple_authors_guest_author_avatar avatar' height='30' width='30'/> </div> <div class="pp-author-boxes-avatar-details"> <div class="pp-author-boxes-name multiple-authors-name"> <a href="https://www.polon.pl/author/marszalkowskimariusz-2/" rel="author" title="Mariusz Marsza艂kowski" class="author url fn">Mariusz Marsza艂kowski</a> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </span> </div> <span class="ppma-layout-suffix"></span> </div>  <style> .pp-multiple-authors-boxes-wrapper.box-post-id-143.pp-multiple-authors-layout-inline.multiple-authors-target-shortcode.box-instance-id-1 .pp-author-boxes-avatar img { width: 30px !important; 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} </style> </div> <div class="jeg_meta_date"> <a href="https://www.polon.pl/gospodarka/ukraincy-osiagneli-cel-rosja-zakazuje-eksportu-benzyn/">2024/02/27</a> </div> <div class="jeg_meta_category"> <span><span class="meta_text">w</span> <a href="https://www.polon.pl/kategoria/gospodarka/" rel="category tag">Gospodarka</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="meta_right"> </div> </div></div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="jeg_main_content col-md-8"> <div class="jeg_inner_content"> <div class="jeg_featured featured_image "><a href="https://www.polon.pl/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Schemat-ropociagow-i-produktociagow-w-zachodniej-czesci-Rosji-for.-Nemiga.jpg"><div class="thumbnail-container" style="padding-bottom:71.467%"><img width="750" height="536" src="https://www.polon.pl/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Schemat-ropociagow-i-produktociagow-w-zachodniej-czesci-Rosji-for.-Nemiga-750x536.jpg" class="attachment-jnews-750x536 size-jnews-750x536 wp-post-image" alt="Schemat ropoci膮g贸w i rafinerii w Rosji fot. nemiga" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" srcset="https://www.polon.pl/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Schemat-ropociagow-i-produktociagow-w-zachodniej-czesci-Rosji-for.-Nemiga-750x536.jpg 750w, https://www.polon.pl/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Schemat-ropociagow-i-produktociagow-w-zachodniej-czesci-Rosji-for.-Nemiga-120x86.jpg 120w, https://www.polon.pl/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Schemat-ropociagow-i-produktociagow-w-zachodniej-czesci-Rosji-for.-Nemiga-350x250.jpg 350w, https://www.polon.pl/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Schemat-ropociagow-i-produktociagow-w-zachodniej-czesci-Rosji-for.-Nemiga-1140x815.jpg 1140w" sizes="(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px" /></div><p class="wp-caption-text">Schemat ropoci膮g贸w i rafinerii w Rosji fot. nemiga</p></a></div> <div class="jeg_share_top_container"><div class="jeg_share_button clearfix"> <div class="jeg_share_stats"> </div> <div class="jeg_sharelist"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.polon.pl%2Fgospodarka%2Fukraincy-osiagneli-cel-rosja-zakazuje-eksportu-benzyn%2F" rel='nofollow' class="jeg_btn-facebook expanded"><i class="fa fa-facebook-official"></i><span>Share on Facebook</span></a><a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Ukrai%C5%84cy%20osi%C4%85gn%C4%99li%20cel.%20Rosja%20od%20marca%20zakazuje%20eksportu%20benzyn&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.polon.pl%2Fgospodarka%2Fukraincy-osiagneli-cel-rosja-zakazuje-eksportu-benzyn%2F" rel='nofollow' class="jeg_btn-twitter expanded"><i class="fa fa-twitter"></i><span>Share on Twitter</span></a> <div class="share-secondary"> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.polon.pl%2Fgospodarka%2Fukraincy-osiagneli-cel-rosja-zakazuje-eksportu-benzyn%2F&title=Ukrai%C5%84cy%20osi%C4%85gn%C4%99li%20cel.%20Rosja%20od%20marca%20zakazuje%20eksportu%20benzyn" rel='nofollow' class="jeg_btn-linkedin "><i class="fa fa-linkedin"></i></a><a href="https://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/bookmarklet/?pinFave=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.polon.pl%2Fgospodarka%2Fukraincy-osiagneli-cel-rosja-zakazuje-eksportu-benzyn%2F&media=https://www.polon.pl/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Schemat-ropociagow-i-produktociagow-w-zachodniej-czesci-Rosji-for.-Nemiga.jpg&description=Ukrai%C5%84cy%20osi%C4%85gn%C4%99li%20cel.%20Rosja%20od%20marca%20zakazuje%20eksportu%20benzyn" rel='nofollow' class="jeg_btn-pinterest "><i class="fa fa-pinterest"></i></a> </div> <a href="#" class="jeg_btn-toggle"><i class="fa fa-share"></i></a> </div> </div></div> <div class="jeg_ad jeg_article jnews_content_top_ads "><div class='ads-wrapper '></div></div> <div class="entry-content no-share"> <div class="jeg_share_button share-float jeg_sticky_share clearfix share-normal"> <div class="jeg_share_float_container"></div> </div> <div class="content-inner "> <h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-diesel-i-benzyna-w-czolowce-eksportu"><strong>Diesel i benzyna w czo艂贸wce eksportu </strong></h3> <p>Przemys艂 naftowy jest kluczowy dla funkcjonowania rosyjskiej gospodarki. W 2023 roku dochody bud偶etowe z tytu艂u sprzeda偶y w臋glowodor贸w – ropy, gazu, czy gotowych paliw wynios艂y <a href="https://www.polon.pl/news/37-mld-deficytu-spadek-dochodow-z-ropy-i-gazu-ale-wzrost-z-innych-galezi-czyli-rosyjski-budzet-w-2023-roku/">8,83 bln rubli. </a>(ok. 100 mld dolar贸w) co odpowiada za oko艂o 1/3 ca艂kowitych przychod贸w bud偶etowych Rosji. </p> <p>Rocznie Rosja wydobywa oko艂o 550 mln ton ropy, z czego oko艂o po艂owa trafia na eksport w formie nieprzetworzonej. Pozosta艂a cz臋艣膰 jest eksportowana w formie gotowych produkt贸w naftowych – g艂贸wnie benzyn, olej贸w nap臋dowych, opa艂owych czy paliw lotniczych oraz jest konsumowana na rynku wewn臋trznym. W przypadku paliw g艂贸wnym towarem eksportowym jest olej nap臋dowy – w pierwszym p贸艂roczu 2023 roku wys艂ano z Rosji 25,3 mln ton tego produktu. W przypadku benzyny eksport w pierwszych sze艣ciu miesi膮cach 2023 roku wyni贸s艂 3,1 mln ton. </p> <p>Dochody z tytu艂u sprzeda偶y w臋glowodor贸w stanowi膮 znaczn膮 cz臋艣膰 wydatk贸w Rosji przeznaczanych na polityk臋 obronn膮 i bezpiecze艅stwa – wed艂ug danych bud偶etowych na ten cel w 2024 roku przeznaczone ma zosta膰 oko艂o 14,5 bln rubli – 160 mld dolar贸w. W zakres tych wydatk贸w wchodz膮 koszty utrzymania si艂 zbrojnych, prowadzenia wojny na Ukrainie oraz utrzymanie si艂 podleg艂ych MSW strzeg膮cych porz膮dku wewn臋trznego w Rosji. </p> <p>Uderzenie w sektor naftowy Rosji – wydobywczy, przesy艂owy i rafineryjny, przyczynia si臋 do zmniejszenia przychod贸w bud偶etowych a za tym, mo偶liwo艣ci kontynuowania wojny przez Rosj臋 w d艂u偶szej perspektywie. </p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-ukrainskie-ataki"><strong>Ukrai艅skie ataki </strong></h3> <p>Wie to r贸wnie偶 Ukraina, kt贸ra w ostatnich miesi膮cach zintensyfikowa艂a swoje ataki na infrastruktur臋 zwi膮zan膮 z produkcj膮 paliw w Rosji. Od pocz膮tku stycznia zaatakowano skutecznie co najmniej cztery zak艂ady przerobu w臋glowodor贸w.</p> <p>Zak艂ad przetwarzania kondensatu gazowego Novatek w Ust-艁udze nad Morzem Ba艂tyckim zosta艂 zaatakowany 22 stycznia. Wed艂ug rosyjskich medi贸w praca rafinerii by艂a wstrzymana do 11 lutego. Od 12 lutego przer贸b dobowy wynosi 14 tys. ton wobec 20 tys. ton przed atakiem. Zak艂ad ten jest wa偶nym punktem eksportowym rosyjskich produkt贸w naftowych wysokomar偶owych – paliw lotniczych, benzyn i LPG. </p> <figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="807" src="https://www.polon.pl/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Schemat-ropociagow-i-produktociagow-w-zachodniej-czesci-Rosji-for.-Nemiga-1024x807.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-10256" srcset="https://www.polon.pl/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Schemat-ropociagow-i-produktociagow-w-zachodniej-czesci-Rosji-for.-Nemiga-1024x807.jpg 1024w, https://www.polon.pl/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Schemat-ropociagow-i-produktociagow-w-zachodniej-czesci-Rosji-for.-Nemiga-300x236.jpg 300w, https://www.polon.pl/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Schemat-ropociagow-i-produktociagow-w-zachodniej-czesci-Rosji-for.-Nemiga-768x605.jpg 768w, https://www.polon.pl/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Schemat-ropociagow-i-produktociagow-w-zachodniej-czesci-Rosji-for.-Nemiga-750x591.jpg 750w, https://www.polon.pl/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Schemat-ropociagow-i-produktociagow-w-zachodniej-czesci-Rosji-for.-Nemiga-1140x899.jpg 1140w, https://www.polon.pl/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Schemat-ropociagow-i-produktociagow-w-zachodniej-czesci-Rosji-for.-Nemiga.jpg 1280w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Schemat ruroci膮g贸w i rafinerii zlokalizowanych w zachodniej cz臋艣ci Rosji </figcaption></figure> <p>25 stycznia ukrai艅skie drony skutecznie zaatakowa艂y rafinerie Rosniefti w Tuapse nad Morzem Czarnym. Rafineria ta przerabia艂a dziennie 24 tys. ton ropy dziennie, g艂贸wnie na eksport poprzez terminal morski w Tuapse. W rezultacie ataku zak艂ad wstrzyma艂 prac臋. </p> <p>5 lutego zaatakowano rafinerie 艁ukoil w Wo艂gogradzie. W wyniku uderzenia w instalacje AVT-5 przer贸b ropy w lutym zmniejszy艂 si臋 o 10 procent wzgl臋dem przerobu w styczniu i wyni贸s艂 35 tys. ton dziennie.</p> <p>9 lutego drony spad艂y na Ilsk膮 rafineri臋, powoduj膮c uszkodzenia instalacji AVT-6. W wyniku tego ataku rafineria zmniejszy艂a przer贸b ropy o po艂ow臋 – z 16 tys. ton dziennie w styczniu do 8,3 tys, ton dziennie w lutym. </p> <p>Tego samego dnia zaatakowano rafineri臋 Afipskij, kt贸ra rzekomo nie mia艂a zosta膰 uszkodzona w wyniku ataku, jednak w lutym produkcja zak艂adu spad艂a o 3,7 tys. ton dziennie, w por贸wnaniu do stycznia, co przeczy oficjalnym twierdzeniom.</p> <p>W styczniu dosz艂o r贸wnie偶 do tajemniczej awarii instalacji <a href="https://www.polon.pl/news/rzad-rosji-prosi-koncerny-o-niepodnoszenie-cen-paliw-po-duzej-awarii-w-rafinerii-lukoil/">przerobu ropy 艁ukoil w rafinerii w Ni偶nym Nowogrodzie</a>. Wed艂ug nieoficjalnych informacji mog艂o doj艣膰 do sabota偶u na jednej z instalacji krakingu katalitycznego przez to ca艂a instalacja zosta艂a wy艂膮czona z u偶ytku. Doprowadzi艂o to do ograniczenia produkcji benzyny w tej rafinerii o 200 tys. ton miesi臋cznie. Rafineria ta jest szczeg贸lnie wa偶na, 偶e dostarcza benzyn臋 g艂贸wnie na obszar obwodu moskiewskiego.</p> <p>Dodatkowo w styczniu i lutym ukrai艅skie drony uderzy艂y w kilka sk艂ad贸w ropy naftowej i paliw na<a href="https://24tv.ua/ru/neftebaza-polevaja-v-kurskoj-oblasti-pokazyvaem-na-karte-gde-raspolozhena-baza-24-kanal_n2495084"> terytorium obwodu kurskiego</a><a href="https://www.polon.pl/news/ukraincy-trafili-w-magazyn-paliw-w-rosji-kolejny-raz-w-ten-sam-wideo/"> i bria艅skiego</a>. </p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-akcja-i-reakcja-zakaz-eksportu-benzyn"><strong>Akcja i reakcja – zakaz eksportu</strong> <strong>benzyn</strong></h3> <p>艢mia艂e, i co wa偶ne, skuteczne akcje Ukrai艅c贸w z ostatnich dw贸ch miesi臋cy sprawi艂y, 偶e rosyjski rz膮d musia艂 zareagowa膰. Zagro偶enie niedoborem paliw zdarza si臋 na rynku rosyjskim relatywnie cz臋sto, szczeg贸lnie w okresie wakacyjnym. Problemem dla Rosji poza dost臋pno艣ci膮 paliw jest ich cena – kiedy cena produkt贸w naftowych jest wy偶sza za granic膮, koncerny energetyczne ch臋tniej wysy艂aj膮 swoje produkty tam, gdzie mog膮 wi臋cej zarobi膰 ni偶 nasyci膰 w艂asny, mniej dochodowy rynek. </p> <p>Do pocz膮tku wybuchu wojny 24 lutego 2022 roku rosyjskie koncerny wed艂ug danych Mi臋dzynarodowej Agencji Energii, eksportowa艂y 艣rednio 2,8 mln bary艂ek produkt贸w naftowych dziennie. Po rozpocz臋ciu inwazji, wed艂ug szacunk贸w ING, eksport spad艂 do oko艂o miliona bary艂ek dziennie. </p> <p>Z powodu cz臋stszych przestoj贸w remontowych i powtarzaj膮cych si臋 atak贸w ukrai艅skich na rosyjskie rafinerie, i wi臋kszego zu偶ycia paliwa przez rosyjskie si艂y zbrojne na Ukrainie, w niekt贸rych regionach zacz臋艂o okresowo brakowa膰 paliw. We wrze艣niu 2023 roku rosyjski rz膮d wprowadzi艂 zakaz eksportu benzyny i diesla, kt贸ry obowi膮zywa艂 do listopada. </p> <p>Zgodnie z decyzj膮 rosyjskiego rz膮du, od 1 marca 2024 roku wejdzie w 偶yciu p贸艂roczny zakaz eksportu benzyny. W艂adze rosyjskie t艂umacz膮 to g艂贸wnie postojem rafinerii w Ni偶nym Nowogrodzie, kt贸ry ma potrwa膰 „kilka miesi臋cy”. Poza zakazem eksportu benzyny, od 1 marca rosyjskie koncerny maj膮 obowi膮zek zwi臋kszenia sprzeda偶y diesla poprzez gie艂d臋 – do 16 procent, aby zmniejszy膰 presj臋 cenow膮 na paliwa. Wiosna to okres wzmo偶onych okres贸w remont贸w rafinerii, co przy braku zaprzestania eksportu mo偶e pogorszy膰 sytuacj臋 na wewn臋trznym rynku paliw. </p> <p>Zmniejszenie eksportu oznacza zmniejszenie wp艂yw贸w twardej waluty do Rosji, co w obliczu sankcji i prowadzenia wojny jest szczeg贸lnie wa偶ne dla utrzymania rosyjskiej gospodarki we wzgl臋dnych ryzach. </p> <p>Je偶eli skuteczno艣膰 atak贸w ukrai艅skich zostanie utrzymana, sytuacja mo偶e ulec wi臋kszej destabilizacji – szczeg贸lnie je偶eli zmniejszeniu ulegnie produkcja oleju nap臋dowego, kt贸ry s艂u偶y nie tylko jako jeden z g艂贸wnych produkt贸w eksportowych, ale tak偶e jako paliwo nap臋dzaj膮ce rosyjskie czo艂gi i wozy opancerzone walcz膮ce na Ukrainie. </p> <figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-polon-pl wp-block-embed-polon-pl"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper"> <blockquote class="wp-embedded-content" data-secret="XS4fvOVOeX"><a href="https://www.polon.pl/news/eksport-benzyn-z-rosji-spadl-przez-ataki-dronow-i-awarie-w-rafineriach/">Eksport benzyn z Rosji spad艂 przez ataki dron贸w i awarie w rafineriach</a></blockquote><iframe class="wp-embedded-content" sandbox="allow-scripts" security="restricted" style="position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);" title="„Eksport benzyn z Rosji spad艂 przez ataki dron贸w i awarie w rafineriach” — Polon.pl" src="https://www.polon.pl/news/eksport-benzyn-z-rosji-spadl-przez-ataki-dronow-i-awarie-w-rafineriach/embed/#?secret=ktAIEJF2Uw#?secret=XS4fvOVOeX" data-secret="XS4fvOVOeX" width="500" height="282" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no"></iframe> </div></figure> <p></p>  <div class="pp-multiple-authors-boxes-wrapper pp-multiple-authors-wrapper pp-multiple-authors-layout-boxed multiple-authors-target-the-content box-post-id-146 box-instance-id-1 ppma_boxes_146" data-post_id="146" data-instance_id="1" data-additional_class="pp-multiple-authors-layout-boxed.multiple-authors-target-the-content" data-original_class="pp-multiple-authors-boxes-wrapper pp-multiple-authors-wrapper box-post-id-146 box-instance-id-1"> <span class="ppma-layout-prefix"></span> <div class="ppma-author-category-wrap"> <span class="ppma-category-group ppma-category-group-"> <ul class="pp-multiple-authors-boxes-ul"> <li class="pp-multiple-authors-boxes-li author_index_0 author_marszalkowskimariusz-2 has-avatar"> <div class="pp-author-boxes-avatar"> <img alt='Mariusz Marsza艂kowski' src='https://www.polon.pl/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/fot_0123-1_1600px-e1687172323825.jpg' srcset='https://www.polon.pl/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/fot_0123-1_1600px-e1687172323825.jpg' class='multiple_authors_guest_author_avatar avatar' height='80' width='80'/> </div> <div class="pp-author-boxes-avatar-details"> <div class="pp-author-boxes-name multiple-authors-name"> <a href="https://www.polon.pl/author/marszalkowskimariusz-2/" rel="author" title="Mariusz Marsza艂kowski" class="author url fn">Mariusz Marsza艂kowski</a> </div> <p class="pp-author-boxes-description multiple-authors-description"> Redaktor Naczelny POLON.PL. Wcze艣niej zwi膮zany z BiznesAlert.pl oraz College of Europe w Natolinie. Zajmuje si臋 tematyk膮 bezpiecze艅stwa, energetyki i polityki wschodniej. Absolwent Akademii Marynarki Wojennej w Gdyni. </p> <p class="pp-author-boxes-meta multiple-authors-links"> <a href="https://www.polon.pl/author/marszalkowskimariusz-2/" title="View all posts"> <span>View all posts</span> </a> </p> </div> </li> </ul> </span> </div> <span class="ppma-layout-suffix"></span> </div>  <style> .pp-multiple-authors-boxes-wrapper.box-post-id-146.pp-multiple-authors-layout-boxed.multiple-authors-target-the-content.box-instance-id-1 .pp-author-boxes-avatar img { width: 80px !important; height: 80px !important; } .pp-multiple-authors-boxes-wrapper.box-post-id-146.pp-multiple-authors-layout-boxed.multiple-authors-target-the-content.box-instance-id-1 .pp-author-boxes-avatar img { border-style: none !important; } .pp-multiple-authors-boxes-wrapper.box-post-id-146.pp-multiple-authors-layout-boxed.multiple-authors-target-the-content.box-instance-id-1 .pp-author-boxes-avatar img { border-radius: 50% !important; } .pp-multiple-authors-boxes-wrapper.box-post-id-146.pp-multiple-authors-layout-boxed.multiple-authors-target-the-content.box-instance-id-1 .pp-author-boxes-name a { font-size: 24px !important; 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type='application/ld+json'>{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org","@type":"article","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.polon.pl\/gospodarka\/ukraincy-osiagneli-cel-rosja-zakazuje-eksportu-benzyn\/"},"dateCreated":"2024-02-27 17:00:00","datePublished":"2024-02-27 17:00:00","dateModified":"2024-03-01 12:03:48","url":"https:\/\/www.polon.pl\/gospodarka\/ukraincy-osiagneli-cel-rosja-zakazuje-eksportu-benzyn\/","headline":"Ukrai\u0144cy osi\u0105gn\u0119li cel. Rosja od marca zakazuje eksportu benzyn","name":"Ukrai\u0144cy osi\u0105gn\u0119li cel. Rosja od marca zakazuje eksportu benzyn","articleBody":"\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-diesel-i-benzyna-w-czolowce-eksportu\"><strong>Diesel i benzyna w czo\u0142\u00f3wce eksportu <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Przemys\u0142 naftowy jest kluczowy dla funkcjonowania rosyjskiej gospodarki. W 2023 roku dochody bud\u017cetowe z tytu\u0142u sprzeda\u017cy w\u0119glowodor\u00f3w - ropy, gazu, czy gotowych paliw wynios\u0142y <a href=\"https:\/\/www.polon.pl\/news\/37-mld-deficytu-spadek-dochodow-z-ropy-i-gazu-ale-wzrost-z-innych-galezi-czyli-rosyjski-budzet-w-2023-roku\/\">8,83 bln rubli. <\/a>(ok. 100 mld dolar\u00f3w) co odpowiada za oko\u0142o 1\/3 ca\u0142kowitych przychod\u00f3w bud\u017cetowych Rosji. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rocznie Rosja wydobywa oko\u0142o 550 mln ton ropy, z czego oko\u0142o po\u0142owa trafia na eksport w formie nieprzetworzonej. Pozosta\u0142a cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 jest eksportowana w formie gotowych produkt\u00f3w naftowych - g\u0142\u00f3wnie benzyn, olej\u00f3w nap\u0119dowych, opa\u0142owych czy paliw lotniczych oraz jest konsumowana na rynku wewn\u0119trznym. W przypadku paliw g\u0142\u00f3wnym towarem eksportowym jest olej nap\u0119dowy - w pierwszym p\u00f3\u0142roczu 2023 roku wys\u0142ano z Rosji 25,3 mln ton tego produktu. W przypadku benzyny eksport w pierwszych sze\u015bciu miesi\u0105cach 2023 roku wyni\u00f3s\u0142 3,1 mln ton. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dochody z tytu\u0142u sprzeda\u017cy w\u0119glowodor\u00f3w stanowi\u0105 znaczn\u0105 cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 wydatk\u00f3w Rosji przeznaczanych na polityk\u0119 obronn\u0105 i bezpiecze\u0144stwa - wed\u0142ug danych bud\u017cetowych na ten cel w 2024 roku przeznaczone ma zosta\u0107 oko\u0142o 14,5 bln rubli - 160 mld dolar\u00f3w. W zakres tych wydatk\u00f3w wchodz\u0105 koszty utrzymania si\u0142 zbrojnych, prowadzenia wojny na Ukrainie oraz utrzymanie si\u0142 podleg\u0142ych MSW strzeg\u0105cych porz\u0105dku wewn\u0119trznego w Rosji. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Uderzenie w sektor naftowy Rosji - wydobywczy, przesy\u0142owy i rafineryjny, przyczynia si\u0119 do zmniejszenia przychod\u00f3w bud\u017cetowych a za tym, mo\u017cliwo\u015bci kontynuowania wojny przez Rosj\u0119 w d\u0142u\u017cszej perspektywie. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ukrainskie-ataki\"><strong>Ukrai\u0144skie ataki <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Wie to r\u00f3wnie\u017c Ukraina, kt\u00f3ra w ostatnich miesi\u0105cach zintensyfikowa\u0142a swoje ataki na infrastruktur\u0119 zwi\u0105zan\u0105 z produkcj\u0105 paliw w Rosji. Od pocz\u0105tku stycznia zaatakowano skutecznie co najmniej cztery zak\u0142ady przerobu w\u0119glowodor\u00f3w.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zak\u0142ad przetwarzania kondensatu gazowego Novatek w Ust-\u0141udze nad Morzem Ba\u0142tyckim zosta\u0142 zaatakowany 22 stycznia. Wed\u0142ug rosyjskich medi\u00f3w praca rafinerii by\u0142a wstrzymana do 11 lutego. Od 12 lutego przer\u00f3b dobowy wynosi 14 tys. ton wobec 20 tys. ton przed atakiem. Zak\u0142ad ten jest wa\u017cnym punktem eksportowym rosyjskich produkt\u00f3w naftowych wysokomar\u017cowych - paliw lotniczych, benzyn i LPG. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.polon.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Schemat-ropociagow-i-produktociagow-w-zachodniej-czesci-Rosji-for.-Nemiga-1024x807.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10256\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Schemat ruroci\u0105g\u00f3w i rafinerii zlokalizowanych w zachodniej cz\u0119\u015bci Rosji <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>25 stycznia ukrai\u0144skie drony skutecznie zaatakowa\u0142y rafinerie Rosniefti w Tuapse nad Morzem Czarnym. Rafineria ta przerabia\u0142a dziennie 24 tys. ton ropy dziennie, g\u0142\u00f3wnie na eksport poprzez terminal morski w Tuapse. W rezultacie ataku zak\u0142ad wstrzyma\u0142 prac\u0119. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>5 lutego zaatakowano rafinerie \u0141ukoil w Wo\u0142gogradzie. W wyniku uderzenia w instalacje AVT-5 przer\u00f3b ropy w lutym zmniejszy\u0142 si\u0119 o 10 procent wzgl\u0119dem przerobu w styczniu i wyni\u00f3s\u0142 35 tys. ton dziennie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>9 lutego drony spad\u0142y na Ilsk\u0105 rafineri\u0119, powoduj\u0105c uszkodzenia instalacji AVT-6. W wyniku tego ataku rafineria zmniejszy\u0142a przer\u00f3b ropy o po\u0142ow\u0119 - z 16 tys. ton dziennie w styczniu do 8,3 tys, ton dziennie w lutym. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tego samego dnia zaatakowano rafineri\u0119 Afipskij, kt\u00f3ra rzekomo nie mia\u0142a zosta\u0107 uszkodzona w wyniku ataku, jednak w lutym produkcja zak\u0142adu spad\u0142a o 3,7 tys. ton dziennie, w por\u00f3wnaniu do stycznia, co przeczy oficjalnym twierdzeniom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>W styczniu dosz\u0142o r\u00f3wnie\u017c do tajemniczej awarii instalacji <a href=\"https:\/\/www.polon.pl\/news\/rzad-rosji-prosi-koncerny-o-niepodnoszenie-cen-paliw-po-duzej-awarii-w-rafinerii-lukoil\/\">przerobu ropy \u0141ukoil w rafinerii w Ni\u017cnym Nowogrodzie<\/a>. Wed\u0142ug nieoficjalnych informacji mog\u0142o doj\u015b\u0107 do sabota\u017cu na jednej z instalacji krakingu katalitycznego przez to ca\u0142a instalacja zosta\u0142a wy\u0142\u0105czona z u\u017cytku. Doprowadzi\u0142o to do ograniczenia produkcji benzyny w tej rafinerii o 200 tys. ton miesi\u0119cznie. Rafineria ta jest szczeg\u00f3lnie wa\u017cna, \u017ce dostarcza benzyn\u0119 g\u0142\u00f3wnie na obszar obwodu moskiewskiego.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dodatkowo w styczniu i lutym ukrai\u0144skie drony uderzy\u0142y w kilka sk\u0142ad\u00f3w ropy naftowej i paliw na<a href=\"https:\/\/24tv.ua\/ru\/neftebaza-polevaja-v-kurskoj-oblasti-pokazyvaem-na-karte-gde-raspolozhena-baza-24-kanal_n2495084\"> terytorium obwodu kurskiego<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polon.pl\/news\/ukraincy-trafili-w-magazyn-paliw-w-rosji-kolejny-raz-w-ten-sam-wideo\/\"> i bria\u0144skiego<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-akcja-i-reakcja-zakaz-eksportu-benzyn\"><strong>Akcja i reakcja - zakaz eksportu<\/strong> <strong>benzyn<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u015amia\u0142e, i co wa\u017cne, skuteczne akcje Ukrai\u0144c\u00f3w z ostatnich dw\u00f3ch miesi\u0119cy sprawi\u0142y, \u017ce rosyjski rz\u0105d musia\u0142 zareagowa\u0107. Zagro\u017cenie niedoborem paliw zdarza si\u0119 na rynku rosyjskim relatywnie cz\u0119sto, szczeg\u00f3lnie w okresie wakacyjnym. Problemem dla Rosji poza dost\u0119pno\u015bci\u0105 paliw jest ich cena - kiedy cena produkt\u00f3w naftowych jest wy\u017csza za granic\u0105, koncerny energetyczne ch\u0119tniej wysy\u0142aj\u0105 swoje produkty tam, gdzie mog\u0105 wi\u0119cej zarobi\u0107 ni\u017c nasyci\u0107 w\u0142asny, mniej dochodowy rynek. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Do pocz\u0105tku wybuchu wojny 24 lutego 2022 roku rosyjskie koncerny wed\u0142ug danych Mi\u0119dzynarodowej Agencji Energii, eksportowa\u0142y \u015brednio 2,8 mln bary\u0142ek produkt\u00f3w naftowych dziennie. Po rozpocz\u0119ciu inwazji, wed\u0142ug szacunk\u00f3w ING, eksport spad\u0142 do oko\u0142o miliona bary\u0142ek dziennie. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Z powodu cz\u0119stszych przestoj\u00f3w remontowych i powtarzaj\u0105cych si\u0119 atak\u00f3w ukrai\u0144skich na rosyjskie rafinerie, i wi\u0119kszego zu\u017cycia paliwa przez rosyjskie si\u0142y zbrojne na Ukrainie, w niekt\u00f3rych regionach zacz\u0119\u0142o okresowo brakowa\u0107 paliw. We wrze\u015bniu 2023 roku rosyjski rz\u0105d wprowadzi\u0142 zakaz eksportu benzyny i diesla, kt\u00f3ry obowi\u0105zywa\u0142 do listopada. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zgodnie z decyzj\u0105 rosyjskiego rz\u0105du, od 1 marca 2024 roku wejdzie w \u017cyciu p\u00f3\u0142roczny zakaz eksportu benzyny. W\u0142adze rosyjskie t\u0142umacz\u0105 to g\u0142\u00f3wnie postojem rafinerii w Ni\u017cnym Nowogrodzie, kt\u00f3ry ma potrwa\u0107 \"kilka miesi\u0119cy\". Poza zakazem eksportu benzyny, od 1 marca rosyjskie koncerny maj\u0105 obowi\u0105zek zwi\u0119kszenia sprzeda\u017cy diesla poprzez gie\u0142d\u0119 - do 16 procent, aby zmniejszy\u0107 presj\u0119 cenow\u0105 na paliwa. Wiosna to okres wzmo\u017conych okres\u00f3w remont\u00f3w rafinerii, co przy braku zaprzestania eksportu mo\u017ce pogorszy\u0107 sytuacj\u0119 na wewn\u0119trznym rynku paliw. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zmniejszenie eksportu oznacza zmniejszenie wp\u0142yw\u00f3w twardej waluty do Rosji, co w obliczu sankcji i prowadzenia wojny jest szczeg\u00f3lnie wa\u017cne dla utrzymania rosyjskiej gospodarki we wzgl\u0119dnych ryzach. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Je\u017celi skuteczno\u015b\u0107 atak\u00f3w ukrai\u0144skich zostanie utrzymana, sytuacja mo\u017ce ulec wi\u0119kszej destabilizacji - szczeg\u00f3lnie je\u017celi zmniejszeniu ulegnie produkcja oleju nap\u0119dowego, kt\u00f3ry s\u0142u\u017cy nie tylko jako jeden z g\u0142\u00f3wnych produkt\u00f3w eksportowych, ale tak\u017ce jako paliwo nap\u0119dzaj\u0105ce rosyjskie czo\u0142gi i wozy opancerzone walcz\u0105ce na Ukrainie. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-polon-pl wp-block-embed-polon-pl\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\nhttps:\/\/www.polon.pl\/news\/eksport-benzyn-z-rosji-spadl-przez-ataki-dronow-i-awarie-w-rafineriach\/\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Mariusz Marsza\u0142kowski","url":"https:\/\/www.polon.pl\/author\/marszalkowskimariusz-2\/","sameAs":["https:\/\/twitter.com\/MJMarszalkowski"]},"articleSection":["Gospodarka"],"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.polon.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Schemat-ropociagow-i-produktociagow-w-zachodniej-czesci-Rosji-for.-Nemiga.jpg","width":1280,"height":1009},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.polon.pl","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":""},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/P0L0Npl\/","https:\/\/twitter.com\/polonpl_","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/polonpl\/"]}}</script> <script type='application/ld+json'>{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org","@type":"hentry","entry-title":"Ukrai\u0144cy osi\u0105gn\u0119li cel. 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Ukrai艅cy osi膮gn臋li cel. Rosja od marca zakazuje eksportu benzyn - Polon.pl