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id="toc-Mottos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mottos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Mottos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mottos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fixed_phrases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fixed_phrases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Fixed phrases</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fixed_phrases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_science" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_science"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>In science</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_science-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vernacular_vocabulary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vernacular_vocabulary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Vernacular vocabulary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vernacular_vocabulary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Latin_uses_and_composition_from_1900_to_the_present_day" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Latin_uses_and_composition_from_1900_to_the_present_day"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Latin uses and composition from 1900 to the present day</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Latin_uses_and_composition_from_1900_to_the_present_day-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Latin uses and composition from 1900 to the present day subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Latin_uses_and_composition_from_1900_to_the_present_day-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ecclesiastical_Latin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecclesiastical_Latin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Ecclesiastical Latin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ecclesiastical_Latin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Latin_in_Central_Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Latin_in_Central_Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Latin in Central Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Latin_in_Central_Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Latin_in_classical_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Latin_in_classical_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Latin in classical music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Latin_in_classical_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Academic_Latin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Academic_Latin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Academic Latin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Academic_Latin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Living_Latin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Living_Latin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Living Latin</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Living_Latin-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Living Latin subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Living_Latin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Origins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Origins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pronunciation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pronunciation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Pronunciation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pronunciation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aims" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aims"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Aims</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aims-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-For_Latin_instruction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#For_Latin_instruction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1</span> <span>For Latin instruction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-For_Latin_instruction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-For_contemporary_communication" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#For_contemporary_communication"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.2</span> <span>For contemporary communication</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-For_contemporary_communication-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Supporting_institutions_and_publications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Supporting_institutions_and_publications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Supporting institutions and publications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Supporting_institutions_and_publications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_public_spaces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_public_spaces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>In public spaces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_public_spaces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Original_production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Original_production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Original production</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Original_production-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Original production subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Original_production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Poetry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poetry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Poetry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poetry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prose" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prose"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Prose</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prose-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cinema" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cinema"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Cinema</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cinema-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Television</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Blogs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Blogs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Blogs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Blogs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Translations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Translations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Translations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Translations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dictionaries,_glossaries,_and_phrase_books_for_contemporary_Latin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dictionaries,_glossaries,_and_phrase_books_for_contemporary_Latin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Dictionaries, glossaries, and phrase books for contemporary Latin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dictionaries,_glossaries,_and_phrase_books_for_contemporary_Latin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_and_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_and_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes and references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_and_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Further reading subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-English" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#English"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>English</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-English-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spanish" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spanish"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Spanish</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spanish-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-French" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#French"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>French</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-French-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-German" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#German"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>German</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-German-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header 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</div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Contemporary Latin</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1%D8%A9" title="لاتينية معاصرة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لاتينية معاصرة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llat%C3%ADn_contemporaneu" title="Llatín contemporaneu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Llatín contemporaneu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDiv%C3%A1_latina" title="Živá latina – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Živá latina" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lat%C3%ADn_contempor%C3%A1neo" title="Latín contemporáneo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Latín contemporáneo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moderna_Latino" title="Moderna Latino – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Moderna Latino" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="لاتین امروزی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لاتین امروزی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_contemporain" title="Latin contemporain – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Latin contemporain" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latino_contemporanee" title="Latino contemporanee – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Latino contemporanee" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latinitas_viva" title="Latinitas viva – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Latinitas viva" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kort%C3%A1rs_latin" title="Kortárs latin – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kortárs latin" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BBywa_%C5%82acina" title="Żywa łacina – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Żywa łacina" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latim_contempor%C3%A2neo" title="Latim contemporâneo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Latim contemporâneo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Современная латынь – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Современная латынь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDiv%C3%A1_latin%C4%8Dina" title="Živá latinčina – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Živá latinčina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD" title="现代拉丁语 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="现代拉丁语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1246397#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Latin" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Contemporary_Latin" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:125%; color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;">Contemporary Latin</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;"><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Latinitas hodierna</i></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Akihitum-et-michikam.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Akihitum-et-michikam.jpg/250px-Akihitum-et-michikam.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Akihitum-et-michikam.jpg/330px-Akihitum-et-michikam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Akihitum-et-michikam.jpg/500px-Akihitum-et-michikam.jpg 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="319" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding:0.35em 0.35em 0.25em;line-height:1.25em;">A contemporary Latin inscription at <a href="/wiki/Salamanca_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Salamanca University">Salamanca University</a> commemorating the visit of Prince <a href="/wiki/Akihito" title="Akihito">Akihito</a> and Princess <a href="/wiki/Empress_Michiko_of_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Empress Michiko of Japan">Michiko</a> of Japan in 1985 (<a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">MCMLXXXV</a>).</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Region</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Europe</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Language family</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/Italic_languages" title="Italic languages">Italic</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Latino-Faliscan_languages" title="Latino-Faliscan languages">Latino-Faliscan</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Contemporary Latin</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Early forms</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language" title="Proto-Indo-European language">Proto-Indo-European</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em; padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Italic_language" title="Proto-Italic language">Proto-Italic</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:0.45em; padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/Latino-Faliscan_languages#Phonology" title="Latino-Faliscan languages">Proto-Latino-Faliscan</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:0.45em; padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Latin" title="Old Latin">Old Latin</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:0.45em; padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Latin" title="Classical Latin">Classical Latin</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:0.45em; padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/Late_Latin" title="Late Latin">Late Latin</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:0.45em; padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_Latin" title="Medieval Latin">Medieval Latin</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:0.45em; padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_Latin" title="Renaissance Latin">Renaissance Latin</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:0.45em; padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Latin" title="Neo-Latin">Neo-Latin</a> </li></ul> </li></ul> </li></ul> </li></ul> </li></ul> </li></ul> </li></ul> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">Writing system</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin alphabet</a> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-1" title="ISO 639-1">ISO 639-1</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?iso_639_1=la">la</a></span></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?code_ID=257">lat</a></span></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/lat" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:lat">lat</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></i></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><i>None</i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="background-color:#E7E7FF;color:inherit;padding:0.3em 0.5em;text-align:left;line-height:1.3;"><b>This article contains <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> phonetic symbols.</b> Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA#Rendering_issues" title="Help:IPA">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" title="Specials (Unicode block)">question marks, boxes, or other symbols</a> instead of <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <p><b>Contemporary Latin</b> is the form of the Literary Latin used since the end of the 19th century. Various kinds of contemporary Latin can be distinguished, including the use of <a href="/wiki/Neo-Latin" title="Neo-Latin">Neo-Latin</a> words in <a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">taxonomy</a> and in <a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">science</a> generally, and the fuller <a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_Latin" title="Ecclesiastical Latin">ecclesiastical use</a> in the Catholic Church – but Living or Spoken Latin (the use of Latin as a language in its own right as a full-fledged means of expression) is the primary subject of this article. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Token_Latin">Token Latin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Contemporary_Latin&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Token Latin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Latin is still present in words or phrases used in many languages around the world, as a relic of the great importance of <a href="/wiki/Neo-Latin" title="Neo-Latin">Neo-Latin</a>, which was the formerly dominant international <i><a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca">lingua franca</a></i> down to the 19th century in a great number of fields. Some minor communities also use Latin in their speech. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mottos">Mottos</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Contemporary_Latin&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Mottos"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The official use of Latin in previous eras has survived at a symbolic level in many mottos that are still being used and even coined in Latin to this day. Old mottos like <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/E_pluribus_unum" title="E pluribus unum">E pluribus unum</a></i></span>, found in 1776 on the <a href="/wiki/Seal_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Seal of the United States">Seal of the United States</a>, along with <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Annuit_c%C5%93ptis" title="Annuit cœptis">Annuit cœptis</a></i></span> and <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Novus_ordo_seclorum" title="Novus ordo seclorum">Novus ordo seclorum</a></i></span>, and adopted by an Act of Congress in 1782, are still in use. Similarly, current <a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">pound sterling</a> coins are minted with the Latin inscription <i>CHARLES III·D·G·REX·F·D</i> (<span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Dei Gratia Rex Fidei Defensor</i></span>, i.e. By the Grace of God, King, Defender of the Faith). Monarchs before Elizabeth II used a Latin form of their names on currency, e.g. Georgius and Edwardus for George and Edward respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The official motto of the multilingual European Union, adopted as recently as 2000, is the Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/In_varietate_concordia" class="mw-redirect" title="In varietate concordia">In varietate concordia</a></i></span>. Similarly, in officially bilingual Canada the motto on the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Victoria_Cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Victoria Cross">Canadian Victoria Cross</a> is <i>Pro Valore</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fixed_phrases">Fixed phrases</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Contemporary_Latin&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Fixed phrases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some common phrases that are still in use in many languages have remained fixed in Latin, like the well-known <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Dramatis_personae" title="Dramatis personae">dramatis personae</a></i></span>, <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Habeas_corpus" title="Habeas corpus">habeas corpus</a></i></span> or <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Casus_belli" title="Casus belli">casus belli</a></i></span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_science">In science</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Contemporary_Latin&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: In science"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/International_scientific_vocabulary" title="International scientific vocabulary">International scientific vocabulary</a> and <a href="/wiki/English_words_of_Greek_origin" title="English words of Greek origin">English words of Greek origin</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:European_medical_prescription.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/European_medical_prescription.svg/250px-European_medical_prescription.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/European_medical_prescription.svg/330px-European_medical_prescription.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/European_medical_prescription.svg/500px-European_medical_prescription.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1002" data-file-height="444" /></a><figcaption>Example of a Russian medical prescription, written in Latin with a Russian signature</figcaption></figure> <p>In fields as varied as mathematics, physics, astronomy, medicine, pharmacy, biology, and philosophy,<sup id="cite_ref-Yancey1944_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yancey1944-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Latin still provides internationally accepted names of concepts, forces, objects, and organisms in the natural world. </p><p>The most prominent retention of Latin occurs in the classification of living organisms and the <a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">binomial nomenclature</a> devised by <a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Carl Linnaeus</a>, although the <a href="/wiki/Nomenclature_codes" title="Nomenclature codes">rules of nomenclature</a> used today allow the construction of names which may deviate considerably from historical norms. Botanical descriptions were mandated to be written entirely in <a href="/wiki/Botanical_Latin" title="Botanical Latin">Botanical Latin</a> from 1935 to 2012 and are still allowed to be written so. </p><p>Another continuation is the use of Latin names for the constellations and celestial objects (used in the <a href="/wiki/Bayer_designations" class="mw-redirect" title="Bayer designations">Bayer designations</a> of stars), as well as <a href="/wiki/Planetary_nomenclature" title="Planetary nomenclature">planets</a> and satellites, whose surface features have been given Latin <a href="/wiki/Selenography" title="Selenography">selenographic</a> toponyms since the 17th century. </p><p>Symbols for many of those <a href="/wiki/Chemical_element" title="Chemical element">chemical elements</a> known in ancient times reflect and echo their Latin names, like Au for <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">aurum</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">gold</a>) and Fe for <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">ferrum</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">iron</a>). </p><p>Latin abbreviations are widely used in <a href="/wiki/Medical_prescription" title="Medical prescription">medical prescriptions</a>. In some countries, medical prescriptions are still written entirely in Latin, except for the signature (inscription directed towards the patient). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vernacular_vocabulary">Vernacular vocabulary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Contemporary_Latin&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Vernacular vocabulary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Latin has also contributed a vocabulary for specialised fields such as anatomy and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin_legal_terms" title="List of Latin legal terms">law</a> which has become part of the normal, non-technical vocabulary of various European languages. Latin continues to be used to form <a href="/wiki/International_scientific_vocabulary" title="International scientific vocabulary">international scientific vocabulary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Classical_compound" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical compound">classical compounds</a>. Separately, more than 56% of the vocabulary used in English today derives ultimately from Latin, either directly (28.24%) or through French (28.30%).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Latin_uses_and_composition_from_1900_to_the_present_day">Latin uses and composition from 1900 to the present day</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Contemporary_Latin&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Latin uses and composition from 1900 to the present day"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ecclesiastical_Latin">Ecclesiastical Latin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Contemporary_Latin&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Ecclesiastical Latin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_Latin" title="Ecclesiastical Latin">Ecclesiastical Latin</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> has continued to use Latin. Two main areas can be distinguished. One is its use for the official version of all documents issued by the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a>, which has remained intact to the present. Although documents are first drafted in various vernaculars (mostly Italian), the official version is written in Latin by the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Letters_Office" title="Latin Letters Office">Latin Letters Office</a>. The other is its use for the liturgy, which has diminished after the <a href="/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council" title="Second Vatican Council">Second Vatican Council</a> of 1962–1965, but to some degree resurged half a century later when <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> encouraged the <a href="/wiki/Liturgical_use_of_Latin" title="Liturgical use of Latin">Latin Mass</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a> permits some services to be conducted in Latin<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge. Most recently a Latin edition of the 1979 USA Anglican Book of Common Prayer has been produced.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Latin_in_Central_Europe">Latin in Central Europe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Contemporary_Latin&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Latin in Central Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In parts of Central Europe, composition of serious Latin poetry continued, such as those by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonius_Smerdel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antonius Smerdel (page does not exist)">Antonius Smerdel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jan_Nov%C3%A1k_(composer)" title="Jan Novák (composer)">Jan Novák</a>. In Smerdel's case, his <a href="/wiki/Free_verse" title="Free verse">free verse</a> written in Latin has modernist as well as classical and Christian elements. His choice of Latin as a medium reflects both the relative local relevance of Latin, which had a strong poetic tradition into the late nineteenth century, and a means to evade the attention of political censors.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Latin_in_classical_music">Latin in classical music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Contemporary_Latin&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Latin in classical music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some Latin texts were written for specific musical cases, for instance classical music pieces, such as Stravinsky's 1927 opera <i><a href="/wiki/Oedipus_rex_(opera)" title="Oedipus rex (opera)">Oedipus Rex</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Academic_Latin">Academic Latin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Contemporary_Latin&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Academic Latin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Latin has also survived to some extent in the context of <a href="/wiki/Classics" title="Classics">classical scholarship</a>. Some classical periodicals, like the German <i>Hermes</i>, to this day accept articles in Latin for publication; <i><a href="/wiki/Mnemosyne_(journal)" title="Mnemosyne (journal)">Mnemosyne</a></i> did so at least until 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Latin is used in most of the introductions to the critical editions of ancient authors in the <a href="/wiki/Oxford_Classical_Texts" title="Oxford Classical Texts">Oxford Classical Texts</a> series, and it is also nearly always used for the <a href="/wiki/Critical_apparatus" title="Critical apparatus">apparatus criticus</a> of Ancient Greek and Latin texts. </p><p>The scientific journal <i><a href="/wiki/Theoretical_Chemistry_Accounts" title="Theoretical Chemistry Accounts">Theoretica Chemica Acta</a></i> accepted articles written in Latin until 1998. </p><p>The University Orator at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a> makes a speech in Latin marking the achievements of each of the honorands at the annual Honorary Degree Congregations, as does the Public Orator at the <a href="/wiki/Encaenia" title="Encaenia">Encaenia</a> ceremony at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a>. <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard</a> and <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton</a> also have <a href="/wiki/Salutatorian#Latin_salutatorian" title="Salutatorian">Latin Salutatory</a> commencement addresses every year.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Charles_University_in_Prague" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles University in Prague">Charles University in Prague</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and many other universities around the world conduct the awarding of their <a href="/wiki/Doctorate" title="Doctorate">doctoral</a> degrees in Latin. Other universities and other schools issue diplomas written in Latin. <a href="/wiki/Brown_University" title="Brown University">Brown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sewanee:_The_University_of_the_South" title="Sewanee: The University of the South">Sewanee</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bard_College" title="Bard College">Bard College</a> also hold a portion of their graduation ceremonies in Latin. The song <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Gaudeamus_igitur" title="Gaudeamus igitur">Gaudeamus igitur</a></i></span> is sung at university opening or graduation ceremonies throughout Europe.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Living_Latin">Living Latin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Contemporary_Latin&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Living Latin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/De_Viro_Optimo.webm/220px--De_Viro_Optimo.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="228" data-mwtitle="De_Viro_Optimo.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:De_Viro_Optimo.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/35/De_Viro_Optimo.webm/De_Viro_Optimo.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/35/De_Viro_Optimo.webm/De_Viro_Optimo.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/De_Viro_Optimo.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/35/De_Viro_Optimo.webm/De_Viro_Optimo.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/35/De_Viro_Optimo.webm/De_Viro_Optimo.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/35/De_Viro_Optimo.webm/De_Viro_Optimo.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/35/De_Viro_Optimo.webm/De_Viro_Optimo.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>De Viro Optimo; a short clip from a Latin podcast</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Living Latin</b> (<span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Latinitas viva</i></span> in Latin itself), also known as <b>Spoken Latin</b>, is an effort to revive Latin as a spoken language and as the vehicle for contemporary communication and publication. Involvement in this Latin revival can be a mere hobby or extend to more serious projects for restoring its former role as an <a href="/wiki/International_auxiliary_language" title="International auxiliary language">international auxiliary language</a>. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Contemporary_Latin&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the decline of Latin at the end of the <a href="/wiki/Neo-Latin" title="Neo-Latin">Neo-Latin</a> era started to be perceived, there were attempts to counteract the decline and to revitalize the use of Latin for international communication. </p><p>In 1815, Miguel Olmo wrote a booklet proposing Latin as the common language for Europe, with the title <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Otia Villaudricensia ad octo magnos principes qui Vindobonæ anno MDCCCXV pacem orbis sanxerunt, de lingua Latina et civitate Latina fundanda liber singularis</i></span> ("<span class="citation-needed-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1);">Leisure</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> of <a href="/wiki/Villaudric" title="Villaudric">Villaudric</a> to the eight great princes who ordained world peace at Vienna in 1815, an extraordinary book about the Latin language and founding a Latin state").<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the late 19th century, Latin periodicals advocating the revived use of Latin as an international language started to appear. Between 1889 and 1895, <a href="/wiki/Karl_Heinrich_Ulrichs" title="Karl Heinrich Ulrichs">Karl Heinrich Ulrichs</a> published in Italy his <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Alaudæ</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This publication was followed by the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Vox Urbis: de litteris et bonis artibus commentarius</i></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> published by the architect and engineer <a href="/wiki/Aristide_Leonori" title="Aristide Leonori">Aristide Leonori</a> from 1898, twice a month, until 1913, one year before the outbreak of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. </p><p>The early 20th century, marked by tremendous technological progress, as well as drastic social changes, saw few advances in the use of Latin outside academia. Following the beginnings of the <a href="/wiki/European_integration" title="European integration">re-integration of postwar Europe</a>, however, Latin revivalism gained some ground. </p><p>One of its main promoters was the former dean of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Nancy" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Nancy">University of Nancy</a> (France), Prof. <a href="/wiki/Jean_Capelle_(politician)" title="Jean Capelle (politician)">Jean Capelle</a>, who in 1952 published a cornerstone article called "Latin or Babel"<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in which he proposed Latin as an international spoken language. </p><p>Capelle was called "the soul of the movement" when in 1956 the first International Conference for Living Latin (<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Congrès international pour le Latin vivant</i></span>) took place in <a href="/wiki/Avignon" title="Avignon">Avignon</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> marking the beginning of a new era of the active use of Latin. About 200 participants from 22 different countries took part in that foundational conference. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pronunciation">Pronunciation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Contemporary_Latin&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Pronunciation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The essentials of the classical pronunciation had been defined since the early 19th century (e.g. in K. L. Schneider's <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Elementarlehre der Lateinischen Sprache</i></span>, 1819) but, in many countries, there was strong resistance to adopting it in instruction. In English-speaking countries, where the <a href="/wiki/Traditional_English_pronunciation_of_Latin" title="Traditional English pronunciation of Latin">traditional academic pronunciation</a> diverged most markedly from the restored classical model, the struggle between the two pronunciations lasted the entire 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1907, the "new pronunciation" was officially recommended by the <a href="/wiki/Department_for_Education" title="Department for Education">Board of Education</a> for adoption in schools in England.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although the older pronunciation, as found in the nomenclature and terminology of various professions, continued to be used for several decades, and in some spheres prevails to the present day, contemporary Latin as used by the living Latin community has generally adopted the classical pronunciation of Latin as restored by specialists in Latin historical phonology.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aims">Aims</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Contemporary_Latin&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Aims"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many users of Contemporary Latin promote its use as a spoken language, a movement that dubs itself "Living Latin". Two main aims can be distinguished in this movement: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="For_Latin_instruction">For Latin instruction</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Contemporary_Latin&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: For Latin instruction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Instruction_in_Latin" title="Instruction in Latin">Instruction in Latin</a></div> <p>Among the proponents of spoken Latin, some promote the active use of the language to make learning Latin both more enjoyable and more efficient, drawing upon the <a href="/wiki/Language_teaching" class="mw-redirect" title="Language teaching">methodologies</a> of instructors of modern languages. </p><p>In the United Kingdom, the <a href="/wiki/Association_for_the_Reform_of_Latin_Teaching" title="Association for the Reform of Latin Teaching">Association for the Reform of Latin Teaching</a> (ARLT, still in existence as the Association for Latin Teaching) was founded in 1913 by the classical scholar <a href="/wiki/W._H._D._Rouse" title="W. H. D. Rouse">W. H. D. Rouse</a>. It arose from summer schools which Rouse organised to train Latin teachers in the <a href="/wiki/Direct_method_(education)" title="Direct method (education)">direct method of language teaching</a>, which entailed using the language in everyday situations rather than merely learning <a href="/wiki/Grammar" title="Grammar">grammar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syntax" title="Syntax">syntax</a> by rote. The <a href="/wiki/Classical_Association" title="Classical Association">Classical Association</a> also encourages this approach. The <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a> has now published a series of school textbooks based on the adventures of a mouse called <a href="/wiki/Minimus" title="Minimus">Minimus</a>, designed to help children of primary school age to learn the language, as well as its well-known <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Latin_Course" title="Cambridge Latin Course">Cambridge Latin Course</a> (CLC) to teach the language to secondary school students, all of which include extensive use of dialogue and an approach to language teaching mirroring that now used for most modern languages, which have brought many of the principles espoused by Rouse and the ARLT into the mainstream of Latin teaching. </p><p>Outside Great Britain, one of the most accomplished handbooks that fully adopts the direct method for Latin is the well-known <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Lingua Latina per se illustrata</i></span> by the Danish linguist <a href="/wiki/Hans_Henning_%C3%98rberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Hans Henning Ørberg">Hans Henning Ørberg</a>. It was first published in 1955 and improved in 1990. It is composed fully in Latin and requires no other language of instruction, thus it can be used to teach students of many different languages. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="For_contemporary_communication">For contemporary communication</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Contemporary_Latin&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: For contemporary communication"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Others support the <a href="/wiki/Language_revival" class="mw-redirect" title="Language revival">revival</a> of Latin as a language of international communication in academic, scientific, or diplomatic spheres (as it was in Europe and European colonies through the Middle Ages until the mid-18th century) or as an <a href="/wiki/International_auxiliary_language" title="International auxiliary language">international auxiliary language</a> to be used by anyone. However, as a language native to no people, this movement has not received support from any government, national or supranational. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Supporting_institutions_and_publications">Supporting institutions and publications</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Contemporary_Latin&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Supporting institutions and publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Latin_title_publications.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Latin_title_publications.jpg/250px-Latin_title_publications.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Latin_title_publications.jpg/330px-Latin_title_publications.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Latin_title_publications.jpg/500px-Latin_title_publications.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="1753" /></a><figcaption>Latin-titled publications in a store in <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>, Poland.</figcaption></figure> <p>A substantial group of institutions (particularly in Europe, but also in North and South America) has emerged to support the use of Latin as a spoken language.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The foundational first International Conference for living Latin (<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Congrès international pour le Latin vivant</i></span>) that took place in <a href="/wiki/Avignon" title="Avignon">Avignon</a> was followed by at least five others.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result of those first conferences, the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Academia Latinitati Fovendae</i></span> (ALF) was then created in Rome. Among its most prominent members are well-known <a href="/wiki/Classicist" class="mw-redirect" title="Classicist">classicists</a> from all over the world,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> like Prof. <a href="/wiki/Michael_von_Albrecht" title="Michael von Albrecht">Michael von Albrecht</a> or Prof. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurt_Smolak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kurt Smolak (page does not exist)">Kurt Smolak</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt_Smolak" class="extiw" title="de:Kurt Smolak">de</a>]</span>. The ALF held its first international conference in Rome in 1966 bringing together about 500 participants. From then on conferences have taken place every four or five years, in <a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a>, Malta, <a href="/wiki/Dakar" title="Dakar">Dakar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erfurt" title="Erfurt">Erfurt</a>, Berlin, Madrid, and many other places. The official language of the ALF is Latin and all acts and proceedings take place in Latin. </p><p>Also in the year 1966, Clément Desessard published a method with tapes within the series <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">sans peine</i></span> of the French company <a href="/wiki/Assimil" title="Assimil">Assimil</a>. Desessard's work aimed at teaching contemporary Latin for use in an everyday context, although the audio was often criticized for being recorded with a thick French accent. Assimil took this out of print at the end of 2007 and published another Latin method which focused on the classical idiom only. However, in 2015 Assimil re-published Desessard's edition with new audio CDs in restored classical Latin pronunciation. Desessard's method is still used for living Latin instruction at the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Schola Latina Universalis</i></span>. </p><p>In 1986 the Belgian <a href="/wiki/Radiologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiologist">radiologist</a> Gaius Licoppe, who had discovered the contemporary use of Latin and learnt how to speak it thanks to Desessard's method, founded in Brussels the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Fundatio Melissa</i></span> for the promotion of Latin teaching and use for communication.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Germany, Marius Alexa and Inga Pessarra-Grimm founded in September 1987 the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Latinitati Vivæ Provehendæ Associatio</i></span> (LVPA, or Association for the Promotion of Living Latin).<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Septimana Latina Amoeneburgensis</i></span> (Amöneburg Latin Week) was organized in 1989 at Amöneburg, near Marburg in Germany, by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mechtild_Hofmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mechtild Hofmann (page does not exist)">Mechtild Hofmann</a> and Robertus Maier. Since then the Latin Weeks were offered every year. In addition, members of the supporting association <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Septimanae Latinae Europaeae</i></span> (<i>European Latin Weeks</i>) published a text book named <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Piper Salve</i></span> that contains dialogues in modern everyday Latin.<sup id="cite_ref-septimanalatina.org_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-septimanalatina.org-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Accademia_Vivarium_Novum" title="Accademia Vivarium Novum">Accademia Vivarium Novum</a></i></span> located in Rome, Italy, all classes are taught by faculty fluent in Latin or Ancient Greek, and resident students speak in Latin or Greek at all times outside class. Most students are supported by scholarships from the Mnemosyne foundation and spend one or two years in residence to acquire fluency in Latin.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The living Latin movement eventually crossed the Atlantic, where it continues to grow. In the summer of 1996, at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Kentucky" title="University of Kentucky">University of Kentucky</a>, Prof. <a href="/wiki/Terence_Tunberg" title="Terence Tunberg">Terence Tunberg</a> established the first Conventiculum, an immersion conference in which participants from all over the world meet annually to exercise the active use of Latin to discuss books and literature, and topics related to everyday life.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The success of the Conventiculum Lexintoniense has inspired similar conferences throughout the United States. </p><p>In October 1996, the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Septentrionale Americanum Latinitatis Vivæ Institutum</i></span> (SALVI, or North American Institute for Living Latin Studies) was founded in Los Angeles, by a group of professors and students of Latin literature concerned about the long-term future of classical studies in the US.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Kentucky" title="University of Kentucky">University of Kentucky</a>, Prof. <a href="/wiki/Terence_Tunberg" title="Terence Tunberg">Terence Tunberg</a> founded the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Institutum Studiis Latinis Provehendis</i></span> (known in English as the Institute of Latin Studies), which awards Graduate Certificates in Latin Studies addressed at those with a special interest gaining "a thorough command of the Latin language in reading, writing and speaking, along with a wide exposure to the cultural riches of the Latin tradition in its totality".<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is the only degree-conferring program in the world with courses taught entirely in Latin. </p><p>There is also a proliferation of Latin-speaking institutions, groups and conferences in the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a> and in Latin America. Some prominent examples of this tendency towards the active use of Latin within Spanish and Portuguese-speaking countries are the annual conferences called Jornadas de Culturaclasica.com, held in different cities of southern Spain, as well as the CAELVM (<span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Cursus Aestivus Latinitatis Vivae Matritensis</i></span>), a Latin summer program in Madrid. In 2012, the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Studium_Angelopolitanum" title="Studium Angelopolitanum">Studium Angelopolitanum</a></i></span> was founded in Puebla, Mexico, by Prof. <a href="/wiki/Alexis_Hellmer" title="Alexis Hellmer">Alexis Hellmer</a>, in order to promote the study of Latin in that country, where only one university grants a degree in Classics. </p><p>Most of these groups and institutions organise seminars and conferences where Latin is used as a spoken language, both throughout the year and over the summer, in Europe and in America.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Less academic summer encounters wholly carried out in Latin are the ones known as <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Septimanæ Latinæ Europææ</i></span> (European Latin Weeks), celebrated in Germany and attracting people of various ages from all over Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-septimanalatina.org_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-septimanalatina.org-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the present time, several periodicals and social networking web sites are published in Latin. In France, immediately after the conference at Avignon, the publisher <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Théodore Aubanel</i></span> launched the magazine <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Vita Latina</i></span>, which still exists, associated to the CERCAM (<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Centre d'Étude et de Recherche sur les Civilisations Antiques de la Méditerranée</i></span>) of the <a href="/wiki/Paul_Val%C3%A9ry_University,_Montpellier_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul Valéry University, Montpellier III">Paul Valéry University, Montpellier III</a>. Until very recently, it was published in Latin in its entirety.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Germany, the magazine <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Vox Latina</i></span> was founded in 1965 by Caelestis Eichenseer (1924–2008) and is to this day published wholly in Latin four times a year in the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Saarbr%C3%BCcken" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Saarbrücken">University of Saarbrücken</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Belgium, the magazine <i>Melissa</i> created in 1984 by Gaius Licoppe is still published six times a year completely in Latin.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Hebdomada_aenigmatum" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebdomada aenigmatum">Hebdomada aenigmatum</a></i></span><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a free online magazine of crosswords, quizzes, and other games in Latin language. It is published by the Italian cultural Association Leonardo in collaboration with the online Latin news magazine <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Ephemeris</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and with ELI publishing house. </p><p>From 1989 until 2019, Finnish radio station <a href="/wiki/YLE" class="mw-redirect" title="YLE">YLE</a> Radio 1 broadcast a weekly review of world news called <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Nuntii_Latini" title="Nuntii Latini">Nuntii Latini</a></i></span> completely in Latin.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The German <a href="/wiki/Radio_Bremen" title="Radio Bremen">Radio Bremen</a> also had regular broadcasts in Latin until December 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other attempts have been less successful.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beginning from July 2015 Radio F.R.E.I. from <a href="/wiki/Erfurt" title="Erfurt">Erfurt</a> (Germany) broadcasts in Latin once a week on Wednesdays for 15 minutes; the broadcast is called <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Erfordia Latina</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2015, the Italian startup <a href="/wiki/PptArt" class="mw-redirect" title="PptArt">pptArt</a> launched its catalogue (<span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Catalogus</i></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and its registration form for artists (<span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Specimen ad nomina signanda</i></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in Latin and English. </p><p>In 2016, ACEM (<a href="/wiki/Enel" title="Enel">Enel</a> executives' cultural association) organized with <a href="/wiki/Luca_Desiata" title="Luca Desiata">Luca Desiata</a> and Daniel Gallagher the first Business Latin course for managers (<span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Congressus studiorum – Lingua Latina mercatoria</i></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The government of <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>, during its presidencies of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, issued official newsletters in Latin on top of the official languages of the Union.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_public_spaces">In public spaces</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Contemporary_Latin&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: In public spaces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vatican_ATM_in_Latin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Vatican_ATM_in_Latin.jpg/220px-Vatican_ATM_in_Latin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Vatican_ATM_in_Latin.jpg/330px-Vatican_ATM_in_Latin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Vatican_ATM_in_Latin.jpg/440px-Vatican_ATM_in_Latin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="964" data-file-height="643" /></a><figcaption>The ATM with Latin instructions</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wallsend_platfom_2_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Wallsend_platfom_2_02.jpg/170px-Wallsend_platfom_2_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Wallsend_platfom_2_02.jpg/255px-Wallsend_platfom_2_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Wallsend_platfom_2_02.jpg/340px-Wallsend_platfom_2_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>The signs at <a href="/wiki/Wallsend_Metro_station" title="Wallsend Metro station">Wallsend Metro station</a> are in English and Latin as a tribute to Wallsend's role as one of the outposts of the Roman empire.</figcaption></figure> <p>Although less so than in previous eras, contemporary Latin has also been used for public notices in public spaces: </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Wallsend_Metro_station" title="Wallsend Metro station">Wallsend Metro station</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Tyne_and_Wear_Metro" title="Tyne and Wear Metro">Tyne and Wear Metro</a> has signs in Latin. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a> has an <a href="/wiki/Automated_teller_machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Automated teller machine">automated teller machine</a> with instructions in Latin.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Original_production">Original production</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Contemporary_Latin&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Original production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_recent_original_books_in_Latin" title="List of recent original books in Latin">List of recent original books in Latin</a></div> <p>Some contemporary works have been produced originally in Latin, most overwhelmingly poetry,<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but also prose, as well as music or cinema. They include: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Poetry">Poetry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Contemporary_Latin&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Poetry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1924. <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Carminum libri quattuor</i></span> by Tomás Viñas.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1946. <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Carmina Latina</i></span> by A. Pinto de Carvalho.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1954. <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Vox Humana</i></span> by Johannes Alexander Gaertner.<sup id="cite_ref-IJsewijn,_Jozef_1990,_p._293_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IJsewijn,_Jozef_1990,_p._293-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1962. <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Pegasus Tolutarius</i></span> by Henry C. Snurr, pen name <a href="/w/index.php?title=C._Arrius_Nurus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C. Arrius Nurus (page does not exist)">Arrius Nurus.</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrius_Nurus" class="extiw" title="la:Arrius Nurus">la</a>]</sup></li> <li>1966. <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Suaviloquia</i></span> by <a href="/wiki/Jan_Nov%C3%A1k_(composer)" title="Jan Novák (composer)">Jan Novák</a>.</li> <li>1966. <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Cantus Firmus</i></span> by Johannes Alexander Gaertner.<sup id="cite_ref-IJsewijn,_Jozef_1990,_p._293_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IJsewijn,_Jozef_1990,_p._293-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1972. <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Carmina</i></span> by <span title="Romanian-language text"><i lang="ro">Traian Lăzărescu</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1991. <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Periegesis Amatoria</i></span> by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Genevi%C3%A8ve_Imm%C3%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geneviève Immè (page does not exist)">Geneviève Immè.</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genovefa_Imm%C3%A8" class="extiw" title="la:Genovefa Immè">la</a>]</sup></li> <li>1992. <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Harmonica vitrea</i></span> by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anna_Elissa_Radke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anna Elissa Radke (page does not exist)">Anna Elissa Radke.</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Elissa_Radke" class="extiw" title="la:Anna Elissa Radke">la</a>]</sup></li> <li>2021. <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Sermones</i></span> by <a href="/wiki/Michael_von_Albrecht" title="Michael von Albrecht">Michael von Albrecht</a><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prose">Prose</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Contemporary_Latin&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Prose"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1948. <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Graecarum Litterarum Historia</i></span> by Antonio d'Elia.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1952. <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Latinarum Litterarum Historia</i></span> by Antonio d'Elia.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1961. <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">De sacerdotibus sacerdotiisque Alexandri Magni et Lagidarum eponymis</i></span> by <a href="/wiki/Jozef_IJsewijn" title="Jozef IJsewijn">Jozef IJsewijn</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1965. <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Sententiæ</i></span> by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alain_van_Dievoet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alain van Dievoet (page does not exist)">Alain van Dievoet</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaenus_Divutius" class="extiw" title="la:Alaenus Divutius">la</a>]</sup> (pen name: Alaenus Divutius).</li> <li>1966. <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Mystagogus Lycius, sive de historia linguaque Lyciorum</i></span> by Wolfgang Jenniges.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2011. <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Capti: Fabula Menippeo-Hoffmanniana Americana</i></span> <i>(Heptalogia Sphingis)</i> by <a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephanus_Berard" class="extiw" title="la:Stephanus Berard">Stephen A. Berard</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2019: <i>Praecursus: Fabula Neophysiologica (Heptalogia Sphingis)</i> by <a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephanus_Berard" class="extiw" title="la:Stephanus Berard">Stephen A. Berard</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2019. <a href="/wiki/Hebdomada_Aenigmatum" title="Hebdomada Aenigmatum">Hebdomada Aenigmatum</a> by <a href="/wiki/Luca_Desiata" title="Luca Desiata">Luca Desiata</a><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Contemporary_Latin&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1927. <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Oedipus_Rex_(opera)" class="mw-redirect" title="Oedipus Rex (opera)">Oedipus Rex</a></i></span> by <a href="/wiki/Igor_Stravinsky" title="Igor Stravinsky">Igor Stravinsky</a> (an opera-<a href="/wiki/Oratorio" title="Oratorio">oratorio</a> with <a href="/wiki/Libretto" title="Libretto">libretto</a>, based on Sophocles's <a href="/wiki/Oedipus_Rex" title="Oedipus Rex">tragedy</a>, prepared in French by <a href="/wiki/Jean_Cocteau" title="Jean Cocteau">Jean Cocteau</a> and given its final Latin form by Abbé <a href="/wiki/Jean_Dani%C3%A9lou" title="Jean Daniélou">Jean Daniélou</a>).</li> <li>1994. <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Ista?!?!</i></span> by Latin <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip hop music">hip hop</a> band Ista.</li> <li>1995. The works of <a href="/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis Presley</a> have been translated into Latin by Finnish academic <a href="/wiki/Jukka_Ammondt" title="Jukka Ammondt">Jukka Ammondt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-RTE2019-06-24a_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RTE2019-06-24a-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BBB2006-10-24a_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBB2006-10-24a-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2008. <i><a href="/wiki/Super_Smash_Bros._Brawl" title="Super Smash Bros. Brawl">Super Smash Bros. Brawl</a></i> Main Theme.</li> <li>2011. <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Audio,_Video,_Disco_(song)" title="Audio, Video, Disco (song)">Audio, Video, Disco</a></i></span> by French <a href="/wiki/Electronic_music" title="Electronic music">electronic</a> group <a href="/wiki/Justice_(band)" title="Justice (band)">Justice</a>.</li> <li>2020. <i><a href="/wiki/Legend_of_Zelda" class="mw-redirect" title="Legend of Zelda">Legend of Zelda</a></i>, music of <a href="/wiki/Koji_Kondo" title="Koji Kondo">Koji Kondo</a> arranged into a symphony by Canadian musician Alexandre Choinière, and texts translated and adapted into Latin by French linguist Olivier Simon.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cinema">Cinema</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Contemporary_Latin&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Cinema"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1976. <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Sebastiane" title="Sebastiane">Sebastiane</a></i></span> by <a href="/wiki/Derek_Jarman" title="Derek Jarman">Derek Jarman</a> and Paul Humfress.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>2004. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Passion_of_the_Christ" title="The Passion of the Christ">The Passion of the Christ</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Mel_Gibson" title="Mel Gibson">Mel Gibson</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>2009. <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Pacifica</i></span> by Samohi Latin Media (SLAM).</li> <li>2010. <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Barnabus & Bella</i></span> by SLAM.</li> <li>2013. <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Imperator, Emperor</i></span> by Konrad Łęcki.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television">Television</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Contemporary_Latin&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1990. <i><a href="/wiki/Mr._Bean" title="Mr. Bean">Mr. Bean</a></i>, title sequences.</li> <li>2008. <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">O Tempora!</i></span> by the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Kulturzeit</i></span> team (37:44min special broadcast, 22 August 2008) of the German public channel <a href="/wiki/3sat" title="3sat">3sat</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (July 2014)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2020–present. <i><a href="/wiki/Barbarians_(2020_TV_series)" title="Barbarians (2020 TV series)">Barbarians</a></i> A Netflix TV series using German and Latin dialogue; mostly in German but extensive Latin scenes.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Blogs">Blogs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Contemporary_Latin&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Blogs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>2019–present. <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.linkiesta.it/author/francesco-lepore-blog/">O tempora, o mores</a></i></span> is a daily blog in Latin on <a href="/wiki/Linkiesta" title="Linkiesta">Linkiesta</a>, where <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Lepore" title="Francesco Lepore">Francesco Lepore</a>, a journalist and a former papal Latinist at the <a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican</a> (2003–2005), comments daily news on politics, crime, health, customs and civil rights.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Translations">Translations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Contemporary_Latin&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Translations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin_translations_of_modern_literature" title="List of Latin translations of modern literature">List of Latin translations of modern literature</a></div> <p>Various texts—usually children's books—have been translated into Latin since the beginning of the living Latin movement in the early fifties for various purposes, including use as a teaching tool or simply to demonstrate the capability of Latin as a means of expression in a popular context. They include: </p> <ul><li>1884. <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Rebilius Cruso</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-Rebilius_Cruso_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rebilius_Cruso-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>(<a href="/wiki/Robinson_Crusoe" title="Robinson Crusoe">Robinson Crusoe</a>)</i> tr. <a href="/wiki/Francis_William_Newman" title="Francis William Newman">Francis William Newman</a>.</li> <li>1922. <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Insula Thesavraria</i></span> <i>(<a href="/wiki/Treasure_Island" title="Treasure Island">Treasure Island</a>)</i> tr. <a href="/wiki/Arcadius_Avellanus" title="Arcadius Avellanus">Arcadius Avellanus</a>.</li> <li>1928. <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Vita discriminaque Robinsonis Crusoei</i></span> <i>(Robinson Crusoe)</i> tr. <a href="/wiki/Arcadius_Avellanus" title="Arcadius Avellanus">Arcadius Avellanus</a>.</li> <li>1960. <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Winnie_Ille_Pu" class="mw-redirect" title="Winnie Ille Pu">Winnie Ille Pu</a></i></span> <i>(<a href="/wiki/Winnie-the-Pooh" title="Winnie-the-Pooh">Winnie-the-Pooh</a>)</i> tr. <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Lenard" title="Alexander Lenard">Alexander Lenard</a>.</li> <li>1962. <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Ferdinandus Taurus</i></span> <i>(<a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_the_Bull" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand the Bull">Ferdinand the Bull</a>)</i> tr. Elizabeth Chamberlayne Hadas.</li> <li>1962. <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Fabula De Petro Cuniculo</i></span> <i>(<a href="/wiki/The_Tale_of_Peter_Rabbit" title="The Tale of Peter Rabbit">The Tale of Peter Rabbit</a>)</i> tr. E. Perot Walker.</li> <li>1964. <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Alicia in Terra Mirabili</i></span> <i>(<a href="/wiki/Alice%27s_Adventures_in_Wonderland" title="Alice's Adventures in Wonderland">Alice's Adventures in Wonderland</a>)</i> tr. <a href="/wiki/Clive_Harcourt_Carruthers" class="mw-redirect" title="Clive Harcourt Carruthers">Clive Harcourt Carruthers</a>.</li> <li>1965. <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Fabula de Jemima Anate-Aquatica</i></span> <i>(<a href="/wiki/The_Tale_of_Jemima_Puddle-Duck" title="The Tale of Jemima Puddle-Duck">The Tale of Jemima Puddle-Duck</a>)</i> tr. Jonathan Musgrave.</li> <li>1966. <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Aliciae per Speculum Transitus (Quaeque ibi Invenit)</i></span> <i>(<a href="/wiki/Through_the_Looking-Glass" title="Through the Looking-Glass">Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There</a>)</i> tr. <a href="/wiki/Clive_Harcourt_Carruthers" class="mw-redirect" title="Clive Harcourt Carruthers">Clive Harcourt Carruthers</a>.</li> <li>1973–present. <i>Asterix</i><sup id="cite_ref-Asterix_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Asterix-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>(<a href="/wiki/Asterix" title="Asterix">Asterix</a>)</i></li> <li>1978. <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Fabula de Domino Ieremia Piscatore</i></span> <i>(<a href="/wiki/The_Tale_of_Mr._Jeremy_Fisher" title="The Tale of Mr. Jeremy Fisher">The Tale of Mr. Jeremy Fisher</a>)</i> tr. E. Perot Walker.</li> <li>1983. <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Alix – Spartaci Filius</i></span> <i>(<a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Alix" title="The Adventures of Alix">The Adventures of Alix</a>)</i></li> <li>1985. <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Regulus, vel Pueri Soli Sapiunt</i></span> <i>(<a href="/wiki/The_Little_Prince" title="The Little Prince">The Little Prince</a>)</i> tr. Augusto Haury</li> <li>1987. <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">De Titini et Miluli Facinoribus: De Insula Nigra</i></span> (Tintin comic <i><a href="/wiki/The_Black_Island" title="The Black Island">The Black Island</a></i>)</li> <li>1987. <i>The Classical Wizard / <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Magus Mirabilis in Oz</i></span></i> <i>(<a href="/wiki/The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz" title="The Wonderful Wizard of Oz">The Wonderful Wizard of Oz</a>)</i> tr. C.J. Hinke and George Van Buren.</li> <li>1990. <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">De Titini et Miluli Facinoribus: De Sigaris Pharaonis</i></span> (Tintin comic <i><a href="/wiki/Cigars_of_the_Pharaoh" title="Cigars of the Pharaoh">Cigars of the Pharaoh</a></i>)</li> <li>1991. <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Tela Charlottae</i></span> <i>(<a href="/wiki/Charlotte%27s_Web" title="Charlotte's Web">Charlotte's Web</a>)</i> tr. Bernice Fox.</li> <li>1994. <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Sub rota</i></span> <i>(<a href="/wiki/Beneath_the_Wheel" title="Beneath the Wheel">Beneath the Wheel</a>)</i> tr. Sigrides C. Albert</li> <li>1998. <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Quomodo Invidiosulus Nomine Grinchus Christi Natalem Abrogaverit</i></span> <i>(<a href="/wiki/How_the_Grinch_Stole_Christmas!" title="How the Grinch Stole Christmas!">How the Grinch Stole Christmas!</a>)</i> tr. Jennifer Morrish Tunberg, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Terentius_Tunberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terentius Tunberg (page does not exist)">Terence O. Tunberg</a>.</li> <li>1998. <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Winnie Ille Pu Semper Ludet</i></span> <i>(<a href="/wiki/The_House_at_Pooh_Corner" title="The House at Pooh Corner">The House at Pooh Corner</a>)</i> tr. Brian Staples.</li> <li>2000. <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Cattus Petasatus</i></span> <i>(<a href="/wiki/The_Cat_in_the_Hat" title="The Cat in the Hat">The Cat in the Hat</a>)</i> tr. Jennifer Morish Tunberg, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Terentius_Tunberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terentius Tunberg (page does not exist)">Terence O. Tunberg</a>.</li> <li>2002. <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Arbor Alma</i></span> <i>(<a href="/wiki/The_Giving_Tree" title="The Giving Tree">The Giving Tree</a>)</i> tr. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Terentius_Tunberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terentius Tunberg (page does not exist)">Terence O. Tunberg</a>, Jennifer Morrish Tunberg.</li> <li>2003. <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Virent Ova, Viret Perna</i></span> <i>(<a href="/wiki/Green_Eggs_and_Ham" title="Green Eggs and Ham">Green Eggs and Ham</a>)</i> tr. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Terentius_Tunberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terentius Tunberg (page does not exist)">Terence O. Tunberg</a>, Jennifer Morrish Tunberg.</li> <li>2003. <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Harrius Potter et Philosophi Lapis</i></span> <i>(<a href="/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Philosopher%27s_Stone" title="Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone">Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone</a>)</i> tr. Peter Needham.</li> <li>2005. <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Tres Mures Caeci</i></span> ("<a href="/wiki/Three_Blind_Mice" title="Three Blind Mice">Three Blind Mice</a>") tr. David C. Noe.</li> <li>2006. <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Harrius Potter et Camera Secretorum</i></span> <i>(<a href="/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Chamber_of_Secrets" title="Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets">Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets</a>)</i> tr. Peter Needham.</li> <li>2007. <i><a href="/wiki/Olivia_(fictional_pig)" title="Olivia (fictional pig)">Olivia</a>: the essential Latin edition</i> tr. Amy High.</li> <li>2009. Over 265 illustrated children's books in Latin have been published on the Tar Heel Reader website.</li> <li>2009. <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Murena, Murex et aurum</i></span> (<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Murena, La pourpre et l'or</i></span>) tr. Claude Aziza and Cathy Rousset.</li> <li>2012. <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Hobbitus Ille</i></span> <i>(<a href="/wiki/The_Hobbit" title="The Hobbit">The Hobbit</a>)</i> tr. Mark Walker.</li> <li>2022. <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Insolitus Casus Doctoris Jekyll et Medici Hyde</i></span> <i>(<a href="/wiki/Dr_Jekyll_and_Mr_Hyde" class="mw-redirect" title="Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde">Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde</a>)</i> tr. Garrett Dome.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dictionaries,_glossaries,_and_phrase_books_for_contemporary_Latin"><span id="Dictionaries.2C_glossaries.2C_and_phrase_books_for_contemporary_Latin"></span>Dictionaries, glossaries, and phrase books for contemporary Latin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Contemporary_Latin&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Dictionaries, glossaries, and phrase books for contemporary Latin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1990. <i><a href="/wiki/Latin_for_All_Occasions" title="Latin for All Occasions">Latin for All Occasions</a></i>, a book by <a href="/wiki/Henry_Beard" title="Henry Beard">Henry Beard</a>, attempts to find Latin equivalents for contemporary <a href="/wiki/Catchphrase" title="Catchphrase">catchphrases</a>.</li> <li>1992–97. <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Neues Latein Lexicon</i></span> / <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Lexicon recentis Latinitatis</i></span></i> by Karl Egger, containing more than 15,000 words for contemporary everyday life.</li> <li>1998. <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Imaginum vocabularium Latinum</i></span> by Sigrid Albert.</li> <li>1999. <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Piper Salve</i></span> by Robert Maier, Mechtild Hofmann, Klaus Sallmann, Sabine Mahr, Sascha Trageser, Dominika Rauscher, Thomas Gölzhäuser.</li> <li>2010. <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Visuelles Wörterbuch Latein-Deutsch</i></span> by <a href="/wiki/Dorling_Kindersley" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorling Kindersley">Dorling Kindersley</a>, translated by Robert Maier.</li> <li>2012. <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Septimana Latina</i></span> vol. 1+2 edited by Mechtild Hofmann and Robert Maier (based on <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Piper Salve</i></span>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Contemporary_Latin&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/60px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/80px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><i><b><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="la:"> Latin edition</a></b></i> of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a>, the free encyclopedia</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about <br /> <b>Contemporary Latin</b> <hr /></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Contemporary+Latin&library=OLBP">Online books</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Contemporary+Latin">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Contemporary+Latin&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li> </ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_Foster_(Latinist)" title="Reginald Foster (Latinist)">Reginald Foster (Latinist)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botanical_Latin" title="Botanical Latin">Botanical Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_translations_of_modern_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin translations of modern literature">Latin translations of modern literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latino_sine_Flexione" class="mw-redirect" title="Latino sine Flexione">Latino sine Flexione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interlingua" title="Interlingua">Interlingua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_songs_with_Latin_lyrics" title="List of songs with Latin lyrics">List of songs with Latin lyrics</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_and_references">Notes and references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Contemporary_Latin&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Notes and references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKevin_Peachey2022" class="citation news cs1">Kevin Peachey (30 September 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-63073983">"King Charles: New coins featuring monarch's portrait unveiled"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=King+Charles%3A+New+coins+featuring+monarch%27s+portrait+unveiled&rft.date=2022-09-30&rft.au=Kevin+Peachey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fbusiness-63073983&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AContemporary+Latin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Yancey1944-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Yancey1944_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFYancey1944" class="citation journal cs1">Yancey, P.H. (March 1944). "Introduction to Biological Latin and Greek". <i>BIOS</i>. <b>15</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">3–</span>14. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4604798">4604798</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BIOS&rft.atitle=Introduction+to+Biological+Latin+and+Greek&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E3-%3C%2Fspan%3E14&rft.date=1944-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4604798%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Yancey&rft.aufirst=P.H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AContemporary+Latin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to the computerised survey of about 80,000 words in the old Shorter Oxford Dictionary (3rd ed.) published in <i>Ordered Profusion</i> by Thomas Finkenstaedt and Dieter Wolff, <a href="/wiki/Latin_influence_in_English" title="Latin influence in English">Latin influence in English</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2015/03/12/catholicism-latin-mass-resurgence/70214976/">"Latin Mass resurgent 50 years after Vatican II"</a>. <i>USA TODAY</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USA+TODAY&rft.atitle=Latin+Mass+resurgent+50+years+after+Vatican+II&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fworld%2F2015%2F03%2F12%2Fcatholicism-latin-mass-resurgence%2F70214976%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AContemporary+Latin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://justus.anglican.org/resources/bcp/Latin1560/BCP_Latin1560.htm">"Liber Precum Publicarum – The Book of Common Prayer in Latin (1560)"</a>. Society of Archbishop Justus<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Liber+Precum+Publicarum+%E2%80%93+The+Book+of+Common+Prayer+in+Latin+%281560%29&rft.pub=Society+of+Archbishop+Justus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjustus.anglican.org%2Fresources%2Fbcp%2FLatin1560%2FBCP_Latin1560.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AContemporary+Latin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://justus.anglican.org/resources/bcp/Latin1979/Latin_1979.htm">"Liber Precum Publicarum: the 1979 US Book of Common Prayer in Latin"</a>. Society of Archbishop Justus<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Liber+Precum+Publicarum%3A+the+1979+US+Book+of+Common+Prayer+in+Latin&rft.pub=Society+of+Archbishop+Justus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjustus.anglican.org%2Fresources%2Fbcp%2FLatin1979%2FLatin_1979.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AContemporary+Latin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jovanović, Neven <i>Croatian Neo‐Latin Literature and Its Uses</i> in LaCourse Munteanu et al (2017)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWhite1979" class="citation book cs1">White, Eric Walter (1979). <i>Stravinsky: The Composer and His Works</i> (2nd ed.). Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. p. 329. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-03985-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-03985-8"><bdi>978-0-520-03985-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stravinsky%3A+The+Composer+and+His+Works&rft.place=Berkeley+and+Los+Angeles&rft.pages=329&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=978-0-520-03985-8&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=Eric+Walter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AContemporary+Latin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAlmazova2017" class="citation journal cs1">Almazova, Nina (2017). "De tibicine Pythico ludisque Nemeis". <i><a href="/wiki/Mnemosyne_(journal)" title="Mnemosyne (journal)">Mnemosyne</a></i>. 4th series. <b>70</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">150–</span>158. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F1568525X-12342162">10.1163/1568525X-12342162</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mnemosyne&rft.atitle=De+tibicine+Pythico+ludisque+Nemeis&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E150-%3C%2Fspan%3E158&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F1568525X-12342162&rft.aulast=Almazova&rft.aufirst=Nina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AContemporary+Latin" class="Z3988"></span> As of 2024, <i>Mnemosyne</i> no longer accepts articles in Latin. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brill.com/fileasset/downloads_products/Author_Instructions/MNEM.pdf">"Mnemosyne: A Journal of Classical Studies: Instructions for Authors"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>brill.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=brill.com&rft.atitle=Mnemosyne%3A+A+Journal+of+Classical+Studies%3A+Instructions+for+Authors&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbrill.com%2Ffileasset%2Fdownloads_products%2FAuthor_Instructions%2FMNEM.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AContemporary+Latin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=47u6IJ2GVdM">"Harvard's Latin Salutatory Address 2007"</a>. YouTube. 12 June 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211215/47u6IJ2GVdM">Archived</a> from the original on 15 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Harvard%27s+Latin+Salutatory+Address+2007&rft.pub=YouTube&rft.date=2007-06-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D47u6IJ2GVdM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AContemporary+Latin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120730135114/http://lfhk.cuni.cz/article.asp?nArticleID=180&nDepartmentID=1068&nLanguageID=1">"Lékařská fakulta - Sponse doktorská"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lfhk.cuni.cz/article.asp?nArticleID=180&nDepartmentID=1068&nLanguageID=1">the original</a> on 30 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L%C3%A9ka%C5%99sk%C3%A1+fakulta+-+Sponse+doktorsk%C3%A1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flfhk.cuni.cz%2Farticle.asp%3FnArticleID%3D180%26nDepartmentID%3D1068%26nLanguageID%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AContemporary+Latin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">IJsewijn, Jozef, <i>Companion to Neo-Latin Studies. Part I. History and Diffusion of Neo-Latin Literature</i>, Leuven University Press, 1990, p. 112s.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cf. Wilfried Stroh (ed.), <i>Alaudæ. <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Eine lateinische Zeitschrift 1889–1895 herausgegeben von <a href="/wiki/Karl_Heinrich_Ulrichs" title="Karl Heinrich Ulrichs">Karl Heinrich Ulrichs</a>. Nachdruck mit einer Einleitung von Wilfried Stroh</i></span></i>, Hamburg, MännerschwarmSkript Verlag, 2004.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cf. <span title="Latin-language text"><span lang="la">Volfgangus Jenniges, "<i>Vox Urbis</i> (1898–1913) quid sibi proposuerit"</span></span>, <i>Melissa</i>, 139 (2007) 8–11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Published on 23 October 1952 in the French <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Bulletin de l'Éducation Nationale</i></span>, an English version of the same was published in <i>The Classical Journal</i> and signed by himself and Thomas H. Quigley (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/pss/3292933"><i>The Classical Journal</i>, Vol. 49, No. 1, October 1953, pp. 37–40</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Goodwin B. Beach, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/pss/3294350">The Congress for Living Latin: Another View</a>", <i>The Classical Journal</i>, Vol. 53, No. 3, December 1957, pp. 119–122:</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFF._Brittain1934" class="citation book cs1">F. Brittain (1934). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eJFxBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA60"><i>Latin in Church</i></a> (first ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 60. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-67523-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-67523-0"><bdi>978-1-107-67523-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Latin+in+Church&rft.pages=60&rft.edition=first&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1934&rft.isbn=978-1-107-67523-0&rft.au=F.+Brittain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeJFxBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA60&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AContemporary+Latin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304060943/http://www.forgottenbooks.com/readbook_text/Recommendations_of_the_Classical_Association_on_the_Teaching_of_Latin_1000467486/21">"Recommendations of the Classical Association on the Teaching of Latin"</a>. <i>Forgottenbooks.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.forgottenbooks.com/readbook_text/Recommendations_of_the_Classical_Association_on_the_Teaching_of_Latin_1000467486/21">the original</a> on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forgottenbooks.com&rft.atitle=Recommendations+of+the+Classical+Association+on+the+Teaching+of+Latin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.forgottenbooks.com%2Freadbook_text%2FRecommendations_of_the_Classical_Association_on_the_Teaching_of_Latin_1000467486%2F21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AContemporary+Latin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IhYLAAAAIAAJ&q=editions:0NYZ2-_Sekiq-KKpSqyTg7Y"><i>The School World: A Monthly Magazine of Educational Work and Progress</i></a>. Vol. 9. Macmillan & Co. 1907.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+School+World%3A+A+Monthly+Magazine+of+Educational+Work+and+Progress&rft.pub=Macmillan+%26+Co.&rft.date=1907&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIhYLAAAAIAAJ%26q%3Deditions%3A0NYZ2-_Sekiq-KKpSqyTg7Y&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AContemporary+Latin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">E.g. Prof. Edgar H. Sturtevant (<i>The Pronunciation of Greek and Latin</i>, Chicago Ares Publishers Inc. 1940) and Prof. <a href="/wiki/W._Sidney_Allen" title="W. Sidney Allen">W. Sidney Allen</a> (<i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Vox Latina</i></span>, A Guide to the Pronunciation of Classical Latin</i>, Cambridge University Press 1965), who followed in the tradition of previous pronunciation reformers; cf. <a href="/wiki/Erasmus" title="Erasmus">Erasmus</a>'s <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">De recta Latini Græcique sermonis pronuntiatione dialogus</i></span> and even <a href="/wiki/Alcuin" title="Alcuin">Alcuin</a>'s <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">De orthographia</i></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100505130922/http://www.circuluslatinuslondiniensis.co.uk/Vincula.html">"Vincula – Circulus Latínus Londiniénsis"</a>. <i>Circuluslatinuslondiniensis.co.uk</i>. 28 February 2016. Archived from the original on 5 May 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Circuluslatinuslondiniensis.co.uk&rft.atitle=Vincula+%E2%80%93+Circulus+Lat%C3%ADnus+Londini%C3%A9nsis&rft.date=2016-02-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcirculuslatinuslondiniensis.co.uk%2FVincula.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AContemporary+Latin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The fifth conference took place in Pau, France, from the 1st to 5 April 1975.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061011091728/http://www.academialatina.org/sodales.html">"Academia Latinitati Fovendae - SODALES"</a>. 11 October 2006. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Academia+Latinitati+Fovendae+-+SODALES&rft.date=2006-10-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.academialatina.org%2Fsodales.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AContemporary+Latin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fundatiomelissa.org/fundatiomelissa/Salvete.html">"MELISSA sodalitas perenni Latinitati dicata"</a>. <i>Fundatiomelissa.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fundatiomelissa.org&rft.atitle=MELISSA+sodalitas+perenni+Latinitati+dicata&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fundatiomelissa.org%2Ffundatiomelissa%2FSalvete.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AContemporary+Latin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lvpa.de/">"Pagina domestica"</a>. <i>Latinitati Vivae Provehendae Associatio e.V. (L.V.P.A. e.V)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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History and Diffusion of Neo-Latin Literature</i>, Leuven University Press, 1990, p. 156.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101229173957/http://web.me.com/fundatiomelissa/Site/Libri_editi.html">"NAVIGARE NECESSE EST Quattuordecim viatoriæ narrationes veste Latina indutæ. Miscellanea Gaio Licoppe dicata edidit Francisca Licoppe-Deraedt. Legite hic prooemium S. Berard, de philosophia quantali deque institutione publica, Bruxellis, ed. Melissa, 2005, 122 p. ISBN 2-87290-022-5.Quo plura sciatis PATRICIVS SÜSKIND, FRAGRANTIA Historia homicidæ. Fabula romanica a. 1985 theodisce scripta sub titulo, q. E. " das Parfum. Die Geschichte eines Mörders " a Nicolao Gross in Latinum conversa. Editio exhausta. Editio originalis : Patrick Süskind, das Parfum. Die Geschichte eines Mörders, Zürich, Diogenes Verlag, 1985. Legite hic praefationem NICOLAVS GROSS, GLOSSARIVM FRAGRANTIÆ Lexicon Latinorum nominum vocabulorumque rariorum recentiorumve, quæ inveniuntur in fabula Fragrantiæ a Nicolao Gross in sermonem Latinum conversa (Versio : " Fragrantia ", Bruxellis, in Ædibus Melissæ et Domus Erasminanæ, a.2004; fabula : Patrick Süskind, " das Parfum - die Geschichte eines Mörders ", Zürich, Diogenes-Verlag, a.1985) Legite praefationem CALEPINVS NOVVS Vocabulaire latin d'aujourd'hui (Français - Latin) Vocabularium linguæ Latinæ hodiernum (Latino - Francogallicum) Ediderunt Fundatio Melissa & Musée de la Maison d'Érasme. 2 tomi in involucro, 204 p. IOHANNES CAPART, Makita, sive de historia cuiusdam muris tempore Pharaonum, in Latinum vertit F. Deraedt. " ... Sic timidus incoho : – Amicus meus Brocartius, Ægyptologus... Ille ridet : – Ægyptologus ! Ægyptologus ! Stolidi sunt omnes. Hoc solum bene fecerunt, quod manuscriptum interpretati sunt. Ne unus quidem eorum ausus est ipsam rem experiri ! Tu Ægyptologus non es. Hac de causa fidem habuisti verbis magicis. Tota illorum scientia quid valet ? Tantum sciunt, quantum libitinarii iique, qui reliquias colligere solent, scire possunt de cultu civili mortuorum quos sepeliunt.... " Hæc fabula romancia de antiqua Ægypto conscripta est a clarissimo Ægyptologo Iohanne Capart, cui non solum erat ingens scientia, sed etiam mira phantasia. ERICUS KÄSTNER, Baronis Mynchusani mirabilia itinera et pericula marina terrestriaque, in Latinum vertit N. Gross. " ... Aliquo die una cum comite theam bibebam, ille cum nonnullis dominis iit in aulam, ut iis monstraret aliquem ex equis suis iuvenibus. Ego remansi in œco publico apud dominas, ut eas oblectarem narratiunculis meis. Subito audivimus clamores terribiles. Ego per scalas propere descendi in aulam, ubi equus tam efferatus calcitrabat, ut nemo auderet appropinquare, ne dicam inscendere. Quod mihi fuit commodissimum. Uno tantum saltu eius dorso insedi... " Notissimæ et iucundissimæ narratiunculæ Baronis Mynchusani; hæc editio est imaginibus multicoloribus illustrata. VOLFGANGUS JENNIGES, Mystagogus Lycius, sive de historia linguaque Lyciorum. " Etsi remotos Lyciæ montes si quis hodie pervagatur, cum recentior ætas permultis humanitatis atque cultus incrementis securam viam iterque reddat tranquillum, vix animo complectitur quanto labore molestiaque, quali assidua virium contentione qui veterrimas Lyciæ reliquias eruerent, sæculi præteriti investigatores sint enisi, quæve pericula et incommoda in titulis describendis obierint, tamen patet nobis quoque Lycium iter inter rariora et mira esse collocandum... " Auctor multum inquisivit in linguas orientales; qui de Lycia, æqualibus nostris parum nota, hic proponit conspectum historicum et glottologicum. IEREMIAS GOTTHELF, de Aranea nigra, in Latinum vertit Nicolaus Gross. " ... 'Audi, atta' inquit consobrinus, 'mitte ambages, dic verum et refer sincere ! Equidem haud paucos iam audivi rumores serpentes, sed numquam verum ipsissimum. Nunc certe oportet te nobis hanc rem ingenue narrare, ut tempus fallas, usque dum mulieres carnes assas perficiant.' Tamen avus compluries egit ambages, priusquam paratus erat ad narrandum; sed consobrinus mulieresque non desierunt eum urgere, dum promitteret, sed ea condicione, ut res a se narratas secreto audirent secumque haberent... " Hac fabula præclarus poeta Helvetius narrat vitam agricolarum temporum præteritorum, eorum gaudia, difficultates, timores. Duæ intermiscentur fabulæ, altera festiva, altera terrifica... De lingua latina COMMENTATIO FRANCOGALLICE CONSCRIPTA: Hoc opusculum conspectum præbet florentis vitæ linguæ Latinæ intra duo millennia, atque monstrat eam falso dictam esse mortuam ab eis, quibus profuit eius usum exstinguere. G. Licoppe, le latin et le politique. Les avatars du latin à travers les âges, Bruxelles, Musée de la Maison d'Érasme, 2003, 62 pp"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.me.com/fundatiomelissa/Site/Libri_editi.html">the original</a> on 29 December 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span 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s+avatars+du+latin+%C3%A0+travers+les+%C3%A2ges%2C+Bruxelles%2C+Mus%C3%A9e+de+la+Maison+d%27%C3%89rasme%2C+2003%2C+62+pp&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.me.com%2Ffundatiomelissa%2FSite%2FLibri_editi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AContemporary+Latin" 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title="BBC">BBC</a></i>, London, 14 November 2014</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Hebdomada+Aenigmatum%3A+First+Latin+puzzle+book+launched&rft.date=2014-11-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fentertainment-arts-30054497&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AContemporary+Latin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMurzio2016" class="citation cs2">Murzio, Antonio (22 June 2016), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lastampa.it/2016/06/22/cultura/lingegnere-che-si-diverte-con-le-parole-latine-cos-nata-la-prima-rivista-con-la-lingua-di-orazio-o0Icr5ZEHYrlmx7CPAdc8N/pagina.html">"L'ingegnere che si diverte con le parole latine"</a>, <i><a 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ends Latin news bulletins"</a>. <a href="/wiki/RT%C3%89_News" title="RTÉ News">RTÉ News</a>. 24 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2019</span>. <q>Finland has distinguished itself as a bastion of the language of the Romans in other ways and is the home to academic Jukka Ammondt, who translated Elvis Presley's repertoire into Latin.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Finnish+broadcaster+ends+Latin+news+bulletins&rft.date=2019-06-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rte.ie%2Fnews%2Fworld%2F2019%2F0624%2F1057298-latin%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AContemporary+Latin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBB2006-10-24a-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BBB2006-10-24a_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/6079852.stm">"Finland makes Latin the King"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. 24 October 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Finland+makes+Latin+the+King&rft.date=2006-10-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Feurope%2F6079852.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AContemporary+Latin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LrO7lCtLdao">Video on YouTube</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120309021043/http://www.3sat.de/mediathek/mediathek.php?obj=9250&mode=play">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Kulturzeit extra: O Tempora!" – 3sat.Mediathek"</a>. <i>3sat.de</i>. 19 December 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.3sat.de/mediathek/mediathek.php?obj=9250&mode=play">the original</a> on 9 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=3sat.de&rft.atitle=%22Kulturzeit+extra%3A+O+Tempora%21%22+%E2%80%93+3sat.Mediathek&rft.date=2011-12-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.3sat.de%2Fmediathek%2Fmediathek.php%3Fobj%3D9250%26mode%3Dplay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AContemporary+Latin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5PUpaCk6QjQ">"Kulturzeit O Tempora Making Of"</a>. YouTube. 2 March 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211215/5PUpaCk6QjQ">Archived</a> from the original on 15 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kulturzeit+O+Tempora+Making+Of&rft.pub=YouTube&rft.date=2009-03-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D5PUpaCk6QjQ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AContemporary+Latin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rebilius_Cruso-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rebilius_Cruso_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rebiliuscrusorob00defo"><i>Rebilius Cruso: Robinson Crusoe, in Latin: a book to lighten tedium to a learner: Defoe, Daniel, 1661?–1731: Free Download & Streaming: Internet Archive</i></a>. London : Trübner. 1884<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2017</span> – via Archive.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rebilius+Cruso%3A+Robinson+Crusoe%2C+in+Latin%3A+a+book+to+lighten+tedium+to+a+learner%3A+Defoe%2C+Daniel%2C+1661%3F%E2%80%931731%3A+Free+Download+%26+Streaming%3A+Internet+Archive&rft.pub=London+%3A+Tr%C3%BCbner&rft.date=1884&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frebiliuscrusorob00defo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AContemporary+Latin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Asterix-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Asterix_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asterix-obelix.nl/index.php?page=manylanguages/languages.inc&lng=la">"Asterix around the World – the many Languages of Asterix"</a>. <i>Asterix-obelix.nl</i>. 13 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Asterix-obelix.nl&rft.atitle=Asterix+around+the+World+%E2%80%93+the+many+Languages+of+Asterix&rft.date=2017-04-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asterix-obelix.nl%2Findex.php%3Fpage%3Dmanylanguages%2Flanguages.inc%26lng%3Dla&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AContemporary+Latin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Contemporary_Latin&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="English">English</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Contemporary_Latin&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: English"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Jozef IJzewijn, <i>A companion to neo-Latin studies</i>, 1977.</li> <li>W. H. S. Jones, M.A. <i>Via Nova or The Application of the Direct Method to Latin and Greek</i>, Cambridge University Press 1915.</li> <li>Robin Meyer, "Curtain Call for Latin" in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Linguist" title="The Linguist">The Linguist</a></i> vol. 59 no. 1 (2020) pp. 22–23</li> <li>Lisa Deeley Smith, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_boston-phoenix_1982-07-06_11_27/page/6/mode/1up">"Latin dies hard: That unrequited romance of language"</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Phoenix_(newspaper)" title="The Phoenix (newspaper)">The Boston Phoenix</a></i> vol. 11 no. 27 (6 July 1982)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spanish">Spanish</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Contemporary_Latin&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Spanish"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">José Juan del Col</i></span>, <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">¿Latín hoy?</i></span>, published by the Instituto Superior Juan XXIII, Bahía Blanca, Argentina, 1998 (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090205164303/http://www.juan23.edu.ar/institucional/rector/publicaciones/pdf/Latin_Hoy.pdf">"Microsoft Word - LATINHOY.doc"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Juan23.edu.ar</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.juan23.edu.ar/institucional/rector/publicaciones/pdf/Latin_Hoy.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 5 February 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Juan23.edu.ar&rft.atitle=Microsoft+Word+-+LATINHOY.doc&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.juan23.edu.ar%2Finstitucional%2Frector%2Fpublicaciones%2Fpdf%2FLatin_Hoy.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AContemporary+Latin" class="Z3988"></span>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="French">French</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Contemporary_Latin&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: French"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Guy Licoppe</i></span>, <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Pourquoi le latin aujourd'hui ?</i></span>: (<span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Cur adhuc discenda sit lingua Latina</i></span>)</i>, s.l., 1989</li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Françoise Waquet</i></span>, <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Le latin ou l'empire d'un signe, XVI<sup>e</sup>–XX<sup>e</sup> siècle</i></span>, Paris, Albin Michel, 1998.</li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Guy Licoppe</i></span>, <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Le latin et le politique: les avatars du latin à travers les âges</i></span>, Brussels, 2003.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="German">German</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Contemporary_Latin&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: German"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Wilfried Stroh</i></span>, <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Latein ist tot, es lebe Latein!: Kleine Geschichte einer großen Sprache</i></span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-471-78829-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-471-78829-5">978-3-471-78829-5</a>)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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aria-labelledby="Ages_of_Latin262" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks wraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ages_of_Latin262" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Ages of <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <p><i>until 75 BC</i><br /><a href="/wiki/Old_Latin" title="Old Latin">Old Latin</a> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <p><span class="nowrap"><i>75 BC – 200 AD</i></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Classical_Latin" title="Classical Latin">Classical Latin</a> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <p><i>200–700</i><br /><a href="/wiki/Late_Latin" title="Late Latin">Late Latin</a> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <p><i>700–1500</i><br /><a href="/wiki/Medieval_Latin" title="Medieval Latin">Medieval Latin</a> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <p><i>1300–1500</i><br /><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_Latin" title="Renaissance Latin">Renaissance Latin</a> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <p><i>1300–<span style="font-size: 85%;">present</span></i><br /><a href="/wiki/Neo-Latin" title="Neo-Latin">Neo-Latin</a> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <p><i>1900–<span 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