CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Oedipus Rex - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"6aff3ebd-49df-46d7-8824-2c10c7e32842","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Oedipus_Rex","wgTitle":"Oedipus Rex","wgCurRevisionId":1281046498,"wgRevisionId":1281046498,"wgArticleId":87770,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 maint: location missing publisher","CS1 German-language sources (de)","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text","Pages with Greek IPA","Articles needing additional references from March 2016","All articles needing additional references","Articles needing additional references from September 2018","Articles lacking reliable references from October 2024","All articles lacking reliable references","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from October 2023","Articles with unsourced statements from March 2020","Webarchive template wayback links","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Articles with LibriVox links","Delphi in fiction","Fiction about regicide","Plays about suicide","Greek plays adapted into films","Plays about incest","Fiction about patricide","Plays adapted into operas","Plays based on classical mythology","Plays by Sophocles","Plays set in ancient Greece","Fiction about self-harm","Theban mythology","Plays about kings"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Oedipus_Rex","wgRelevantArticleId":87770,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":60000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q148643","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.22"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/Oedipus.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1575"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/Oedipus.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1050"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="840"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Oedipus Rex - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oedipus_Rex"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Oedipus_Rex&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oedipus_Rex"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="auth.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Oedipus_Rex rootpage-Oedipus_Rex skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Oedipus+Rex" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Oedipus+Rex" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Oedipus+Rex" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Oedipus+Rex" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Context" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Context"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Context</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Context-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Context subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Context-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Curse_upon_Laius" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Curse_upon_Laius"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Curse upon Laius</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Curse_upon_Laius-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Birth_of_Oedipus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Birth_of_Oedipus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Birth of Oedipus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Birth_of_Oedipus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oedipus_and_the_Oracle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oedipus_and_the_Oracle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Oedipus and the Oracle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oedipus_and_the_Oracle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fulfilling_prophecy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fulfilling_prophecy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Fulfilling prophecy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fulfilling_prophecy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_old_man" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_old_man"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1</span> <span>The old man</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_old_man-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Riddle_of_the_Sphinx" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Riddle_of_the_Sphinx"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.2</span> <span>Riddle of the Sphinx</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Riddle_of_the_Sphinx-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plot" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plot"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Plot</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plot-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relationship_with_mythic_tradition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relationship_with_mythic_tradition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Relationship with mythic tradition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relationship_with_mythic_tradition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Reception</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Themes,_irony_and_motifs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Themes,_irony_and_motifs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Themes, irony and motifs</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Themes,_irony_and_motifs-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Themes, irony and motifs subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Themes,_irony_and_motifs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fate,_free_will,_or_tragic_flaw" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fate,_free_will,_or_tragic_flaw"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Fate, free will, or tragic flaw</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fate,_free_will,_or_tragic_flaw-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-State_control" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#State_control"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>State control</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-State_control-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Irony" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Irony"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Irony</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Irony-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sight_and_blindness" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sight_and_blindness"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Sight and blindness</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sight_and_blindness-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tyranny" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tyranny"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Tyranny</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tyranny-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sigmund_Freud" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sigmund_Freud"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Sigmund Freud</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sigmund_Freud-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sigmund Freud subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sigmund_Freud-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Parsifal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parsifal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Parsifal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parsifal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adaptations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adaptations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Adaptations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Adaptations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Adaptations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Adaptations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Film_adaptations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film_adaptations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Film adaptations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film_adaptations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stage_adaptations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stage_adaptations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Stage adaptations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stage_adaptations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-TV/radio_adaptations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#TV/radio_adaptations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>TV/radio adaptations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-TV/radio_adaptations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parodies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parodies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Parodies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parodies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Editions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Editions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Editions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Editions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Editions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Editions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-English_translations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#English_translations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>English translations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-English_translations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Oedipus Rex</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 51 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-51" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">51 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7" title="أوديب ملكا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أوديب ملكا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B6kmdar_Edip" title="Hökmdar Edip – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hökmdar Edip" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8" title="রাজা ইডিপাস – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রাজা ইডিপাস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BF_%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Едип цар – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Едип цар" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kini_Edipus" title="Kini Edipus – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Kini Edipus" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88dip_rei" title="Èdip rei – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Èdip rei" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C3%A1l_Oidipus" title="Král Oidipus – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Král Oidipus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6nig_%C3%96dipus" title="König Ödipus – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="König Ödipus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuningas_Oidipus" title="Kuningas Oidipus – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kuningas Oidipus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%AF%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%82_%CE%A4%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Οιδίπους Τύραννος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Οιδίπους Τύραννος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edipo_rey" title="Edipo rey – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Edipo rey" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Re%C4%9Do_Edipo" title="Reĝo Edipo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Reĝo Edipo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edipo_errege" title="Edipo errege – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Edipo errege" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%BE_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="ادیپ شهریار – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ادیپ شهریار" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%92dipe_roi" title="Œdipe roi – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Œdipe roi" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kening_Oidipoes" title="Kening Oidipoes – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kening Oidipoes" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sc%C3%A9al_%C3%89ideap%C3%BAs_R%C3%AD" title="Scéal Éideapús Rí – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Scéal Éideapús Rí" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edipo_rei_(S%C3%B3focles)" title="Edipo rei (Sófocles) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Edipo rei (Sófocles)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EC%9D%B4%EB%94%94%ED%91%B8%EC%8A%A4%EC%99%95" title="오이디푸스왕 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="오이디푸스왕" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%BA%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD_%D5%A1%D6%80%D6%84%D5%A1" title="Էդիպուս արքա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էդիպուս արքա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kralj_Edip" title="Kralj Edip – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kralj Edip" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oidipus_Sang_Raja" title="Oidipus Sang Raja – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Oidipus Sang Raja" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96d%C3%ADp%C3%BAs_konungur" title="Ödípús konungur – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ödípús konungur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edipo_re" title="Edipo re – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Edipo re" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A1_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9A" title="אדיפוס המלך – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אדיפוס המלך" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94" title="ოიდიპოს მეფე – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ოიდიპოს მეფე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oedipus_rex" title="Oedipus rex – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Oedipus rex" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oidipusz_kir%C3%A1ly_(dr%C3%A1ma)" title="Oidipusz király (dráma) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Oidipusz király (dráma)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%95%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BF_(%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5)" title="Цар Едип (драма од Софокле) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Цар Едип (драма од Софокле)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%88%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ഈഡിപ്പസ് റെക്സ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഈഡിപ്പസ് റെക്സ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BF_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Эдип хаан – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Эдип хаан" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koning_Oedipus" title="Koning Oedipus – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Koning Oedipus" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%82%A4%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%83%97%E3%82%B9%E7%8E%8B" title="オイディプス王 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オイディプス王" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kong_Oidipus" title="Kong Oidipus – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kong Oidipus" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kong_Oidipus" title="Kong Oidipus – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kong Oidipus" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edip_rei" title="Edip rei – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Edip rei" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B8" title="ਰਾਜਾ ਈਡੀਪਸ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰਾਜਾ ਈਡੀਪਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pwn mw-list-item"><a href="https://pwn.wikipedia.org/wiki/mamazangiljan_ti_idipus" title="mamazangiljan ti idipus – Paiwan" lang="pwn" hreflang="pwn" data-title="mamazangiljan ti idipus" data-language-autonym="Pinayuanan" data-language-local-name="Paiwan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pinayuanan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C3%B3l_Edyp" title="Król Edyp – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Król Edyp" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89dipo_Rei" title="Édipo Rei – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Édipo Rei" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oedip_rege" title="Oedip rege – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Oedip rege" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C_%D0%AD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BF" title="Царь Эдип – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Царь Эдип" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kralj_Ojdip" title="Kralj Ojdip – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kralj Ojdip" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%99_%D0%95%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BF" title="Краљ Едип – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Краљ Едип" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kralj_Edip" title="Kralj Edip – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kralj Edip" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuningas_Oidipus" title="Kuningas Oidipus – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kuningas Oidipus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kung_Oidipus" title="Kung Oidipus – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kung Oidipus" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kral_Oidipus_(Sofokles)" title="Kral Oidipus (Sofokles) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kral Oidipus (Sofokles)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%95%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BF" title="Цар Едіп – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Цар Едіп" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%BA%95%E5%B8%95%E6%96%AF%E7%8E%8B" title="伊底帕斯王 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="伊底帕斯王" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%BA%95%E5%B8%95%E6%96%AF%E7%8E%8B" title="伊底帕斯王 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="伊底帕斯王" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q148643#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Oedipus_Rex" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Oedipus_Rex" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Oedipus_Rex"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oedipus_Rex&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oedipus_Rex&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Oedipus_Rex"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oedipus_Rex&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oedipus_Rex&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Oedipus_Rex" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Oedipus_Rex" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oedipus_Rex&oldid=1281046498" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oedipus_Rex&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Oedipus_Rex&id=1281046498&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FOedipus_Rex"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FOedipus_Rex"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Oedipus_Rex&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oedipus_Rex&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Oedipus_Rex" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikisource mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Oedipus_Rex_(Sophocles)" hreflang="en"><span>Wikisource</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q148643" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Classical Athenian tragedy by Sophocles</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the play by Sophocles. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Oedipus_Rex_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Oedipus Rex (disambiguation)">Oedipus Rex (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-style: italic">Oedipus Rex</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Oedipus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Oedipus.jpg/220px-Oedipus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="289" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Oedipus.jpg/330px-Oedipus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/Oedipus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="525" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Bouwmeester" title="Louis Bouwmeester">Louis Bouwmeester</a> as Oedipus in a Dutch production of <i>Oedipus Rex</i>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1896</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Written by</th><td class="infobox-data description"><a href="/wiki/Sophocles" title="Sophocles">Sophocles</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Chorus</th><td class="infobox-data">Theban Elders</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Characters</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oedipus" title="Oedipus">Oedipus</a></li> <li>Priest</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creon_of_Thebes" class="mw-redirect" title="Creon of Thebes">Creon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiresias" title="Tiresias">Tiresias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jocasta" title="Jocasta">Jocasta</a></li> <li>Messenger</li> <li>Shepherd</li> <li>Second Messenger</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Mute</th><td class="infobox-data">Daughters of <a href="/wiki/Oedipus" title="Oedipus">Oedipus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Antigone" title="Antigone">Antigone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ismene" title="Ismene">Ismene</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Date premiered</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 429 BC</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Place premiered</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Dionysus" title="Theatre of Dionysus">Theatre of Dionysus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Classical_Athens" title="Classical Athens">Athens</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Original language</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Classical_Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical Greek">Classical Greek</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Series</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sophocles#Theban_plays" title="Sophocles">Theban Plays</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tragedy" title="Tragedy">Tragedy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Setting</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thebes,_Greece" title="Thebes, Greece">Thebes</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Oedipus Rex</b></i>, also known by its Greek title, <i><b>Oedipus Tyrannus</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Οἰδίπους Τύραννος</span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="el-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Greek" title="Help:IPA/Greek">[oidípuːs<span class="wrap"> </span>týrannos]</a></span>), or <i><b>Oedipus the King</b></i>, is an <a href="/wiki/Classical_Athens" title="Classical Athens">Athenian</a> <a href="/wiki/Tragedy" title="Tragedy">tragedy</a> by <a href="/wiki/Sophocles" title="Sophocles">Sophocles</a>. While some scholars have argued that the play was first performed <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 429 BC</span>, this is highly uncertain.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Originally, to the ancient Greeks, the title was simply <i>Oedipus</i> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Οἰδίπους</span></span>), as it is referred to by <a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a> in the <i><a href="/wiki/Poetics_(Aristotle)" title="Poetics (Aristotle)">Poetics</a></i>. It is thought to have been renamed <i>Oedipus Tyrannus</i> to distinguish it from <i><a href="/wiki/Oedipus_at_Colonus" title="Oedipus at Colonus">Oedipus at Colonus</a></i>, a later play by Sophocles. In antiquity, the term "<a href="/wiki/Tyrant" title="Tyrant">tyrant</a>" referred to a ruler with no legitimate claim to rule, but it did not necessarily have a negative connotation.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Of Sophocles' three Theban plays that have survived, and that deal with the story of <a href="/wiki/Oedipus" title="Oedipus">Oedipus</a>, <i>Oedipus Rex</i> was the second to be written, following <i><a href="/wiki/Antigone_(Sophocles_play)" title="Antigone (Sophocles play)">Antigone</a></i> by about a dozen years. However, in terms of the chronology of events described by the plays, it comes first, followed by <i>Oedipus at Colonus</i> and then <i>Antigone</i>. </p><p>Prior to the start of <i>Oedipus Rex</i>, Oedipus has become the king of <a href="/wiki/Thebes,_Greece" title="Thebes, Greece">Thebes</a> while unwittingly fulfilling a <a href="/wiki/Prophecy" title="Prophecy">prophecy</a> that he would kill his father, <a href="/wiki/Laius" title="Laius">Laius</a> (the previous king), and marry his mother, <a href="/wiki/Jocasta" title="Jocasta">Jocasta</a> (whom Oedipus took as his queen after solving the <a href="/wiki/Sphinx#Riddle_of_the_Sphinx" title="Sphinx">riddle of the Sphinx</a>). The action of Sophocles's play concerns Oedipus's search for the murderer of Laius in order to end a plague ravaging Thebes, unaware that the killer he is looking for is none other than himself. At the end of the play, after the truth finally comes to light, Jocasta <a href="/wiki/Suicide_by_hanging" title="Suicide by hanging">hangs herself</a> while Oedipus, horrified at his <a href="/wiki/Patricide" title="Patricide">patricide</a> and <a href="/wiki/Incest" title="Incest">incest</a>, proceeds to gouge out his own eyes in despair. </p><p>In his <i>Poetics</i>, Aristotle refers several times to the play in order to exemplify aspects of the <a href="/wiki/Genre" title="Genre">genre</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Context">Context</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oedipus_Rex&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Context"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Oedipus_Rex" title="Special:EditPage/Oedipus Rex">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Curse_upon_Laius">Curse upon Laius</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oedipus_Rex&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Curse upon Laius"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The misfortunes of Thebes are believed to be the result of a curse laid upon Laius for the time he had violated the sacred laws of hospitality (Greek: <a href="/wiki/Xenia_(Greek)" title="Xenia (Greek)"><i>xenia</i></a>). </p><p>In his youth, Laius was taken in as a guest by <a href="/wiki/Pelops" title="Pelops">Pelops</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Elis_(city)" title="Elis (city)">Elis</a>, where he would become tutor to the king's youngest son, <a href="/wiki/Chrysippus_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chrysippus (mythology)">Chrysippus</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Chariot_racing" title="Chariot racing">chariot racing</a>. <a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollo</a>, the protector of youth and boys, cursed him for kidnapping and raping Chrysippus. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Birth_of_Oedipus">Birth of Oedipus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oedipus_Rex&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Birth of Oedipus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When Laius' son is born, he consults an <a href="/wiki/Oracle" title="Oracle">oracle</a> as to his fortune. To his horror, the oracle reveals that Laius "is doomed to perish by the hand of his own son." Laius binds the infant's feet together with a pin and orders Jocasta to kill him. Unable to do so to her own son, Jocasta orders a servant to expose the infant on a mountaintop. The servant, moved by pity, gives the child to a shepherd, who unbinds the infant's ankles, and names him <a href="/wiki/Oedipus" title="Oedipus">Oedipus</a>, "swollen foot". The shepherd brings the infant to <a href="/wiki/Corinth" title="Corinth">Corinth</a>, and presents him to the childless king <a href="/wiki/Polybus_of_Corinth" title="Polybus of Corinth">Polybus</a>, who raises Oedipus as his own son. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oedipus_and_the_Oracle">Oedipus and the Oracle</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oedipus_Rex&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Oedipus and the Oracle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As he grows to manhood, Oedipus hears a rumour that he is not truly the son of Polybus and his wife, <a href="/wiki/Merope_(Oedipus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Merope (Oedipus)">Merope</a>. He asks the <a href="/wiki/Pythia" title="Pythia">Delphic Oracle</a> who his parents really are. The Oracle seems to ignore this question, telling him instead that he is destined to "mate with [his] own mother, and shed/With [his] own hands the blood of [his] own sire." Desperate to avoid this terrible fate, Oedipus, who still believes that Polybus and Merope are his true parents, leaves Corinth for the city of Thebes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fulfilling_prophecy">Fulfilling prophecy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oedipus_Rex&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Fulfilling prophecy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_old_man">The old man</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oedipus_Rex&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: The old man"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On the road to Thebes, Oedipus encounters an old man and his servants. The two begin to quarrel over whose chariot has the right of way. While the old man moves to strike the insolent youth with his scepter, Oedipus throws the man down from his chariot, killing him. Thus, the prophecy in which Oedipus slays his own father is fulfilled, as the old man—as Oedipus discovers later—was Laius, king of Thebes and true father to Oedipus. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Riddle_of_the_Sphinx">Riddle of the Sphinx</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oedipus_Rex&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Riddle of the Sphinx"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sphinx#Riddle_of_the_Sphinx" title="Sphinx">Riddle of the Sphinx</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jean-Auguste-Dominique_Ingres_-_Oedipus_and_the_Sphinx_-_Walters_379.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Jean-Auguste-Dominique_Ingres_-_Oedipus_and_the_Sphinx_-_Walters_379.jpg/250px-Jean-Auguste-Dominique_Ingres_-_Oedipus_and_the_Sphinx_-_Walters_379.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Jean-Auguste-Dominique_Ingres_-_Oedipus_and_the_Sphinx_-_Walters_379.jpg/500px-Jean-Auguste-Dominique_Ingres_-_Oedipus_and_the_Sphinx_-_Walters_379.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1502" data-file-height="1799" /></a><figcaption>Painting by <a href="/wiki/Jean-Auguste-Dominique_Ingres" title="Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres">Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres</a> depicting Oedipus after he solves the riddle of the Sphinx.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Walters Art Museum.</figcaption></figure> <p>Arriving at Thebes, a city in turmoil, Oedipus encounters the <a href="/wiki/Sphinx" title="Sphinx">Sphinx</a>, a legendary beast with the head and breasts of a woman, the body of a lioness, and the wings of an eagle. The Sphinx, perched on a hill, was devouring Thebans and travelers one by one if they could not solve <a href="/wiki/Riddle_of_the_Sphinx" class="mw-redirect" title="Riddle of the Sphinx">her riddle</a>. </p><p>The precise riddle asked by the Sphinx varied in early traditions, and is not explicitly stated in <i>Oedipus Rex</i>, as the event precedes the play. However, according to the most widely regarded version of the riddle, the Sphinx asks "what is the creature that walks on four legs in the morning, two legs at noon, and three in the evening?" Oedipus, blessed with great intelligence, answers correctly: "man" (Greek: <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BC%84%CE%BD%CE%B8%CF%81%CF%89%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%82" class="extiw" title="wikt:ἄνθρωπος"><i>anthrôpos</i></a>), who crawls on all fours as an infant; walks upright in maturity; and leans on a stick in old age.<sup id="cite_ref-Powell_2015_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Powell_2015-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 463">: 463 </span></sup> </p><p>Bested by the prince, the Sphinx throws herself from a cliff, thereby ending the curse.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Oedipus' reward for freeing Thebes from the Sphinx is kingship to the city and the hand of its <a href="/wiki/Queen_dowager" title="Queen dowager">dowager queen</a>, Jocasta. None, at that point, realize that Jocasta is Oedipus' true mother.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, unbeknownst to either character, the remaining prophecy has been fulfilled. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plot">Plot</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oedipus_Rex&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Plot"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Oedipus" title="Oedipus">Oedipus</a>, King of Thebes, sends his brother-in-law, <a href="/wiki/Creon_(king_of_Thebes)" title="Creon (king of Thebes)">Creon</a>, to ask the advice of the oracle at <a href="/wiki/Pythia" title="Pythia">Delphi</a>, concerning a plague ravaging Thebes. Creon returns to report that the plague is the result of religious pollution, since the murderer of their former king, <a href="/wiki/Laius" title="Laius">Laius</a>, has never been caught. Oedipus vows to find the murderer and curses him for causing the plague. </p><p>Oedipus summons the blind prophet <a href="/wiki/Tiresias" title="Tiresias">Tiresias</a> for help. Tiresias admits to knowing the answers to Oedipus' questions, but he refuses to speak, instead telling Oedipus to abandon his search. Angered by the seer's reply, Oedipus accuses him of complicity in Laius' murder. The offended Tiresias then reveals to the king that "you yourself are the criminal you seek". Oedipus does not understand how this could be, and supposes that Creon must have paid Tiresias to accuse him. The two argue vehemently, as Oedipus mocks Tiresias' lack of sight, and Tiresias retorts that Oedipus himself is blind. Eventually, the prophet leaves, muttering darkly that when the murderer is discovered, he shall be a native of Thebes, brother and father to his own children, and son and husband to his own mother. </p><p>Creon arrives to face Oedipus's accusations. The King demands that Creon be executed; however, the <a href="/wiki/Greek_Chorus" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Chorus">chorus</a> persuades him to let Creon live. <a href="/wiki/Jocasta" title="Jocasta">Jocasta</a>, wife of first Laius and then Oedipus, enters and attempts to comfort Oedipus, telling him he should take no notice of prophets. As proof, she recounts an incident in which she and Laius received an <a href="/wiki/Oracle" title="Oracle">oracle</a> which never came true. The prophecy stated that Laius would be killed by his own son; instead, Laius was killed by bandits, at a <a href="/wiki/Crossroads_(culture)" class="mw-redirect" title="Crossroads (culture)">fork in the road</a> (τριπλαῖς ἁμαξιτοῖς, triplais amaxitois). </p><p>The mention of the place causes Oedipus to pause and ask for more details. Jocasta specifies the branch to <a href="/wiki/Davleia" title="Davleia">Daulis</a> on the way to <a href="/wiki/Delphi" title="Delphi">Delphi</a>. Recalling Tiresias' words, he asks Jocasta to describe Laius. The king then sends for a shepherd, the only surviving witness of the attack to be brought from his fields to the palace. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joseph_Blanc_Le_meurtre_de_La%C3%AFus.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Joseph_Blanc_Le_meurtre_de_La%C3%AFus.JPG/250px-Joseph_Blanc_Le_meurtre_de_La%C3%AFus.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Joseph_Blanc_Le_meurtre_de_La%C3%AFus.JPG/330px-Joseph_Blanc_Le_meurtre_de_La%C3%AFus.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Joseph_Blanc_Le_meurtre_de_La%C3%AFus.JPG/440px-Joseph_Blanc_Le_meurtre_de_La%C3%AFus.JPG 2x" data-file-width="490" data-file-height="385" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Blanc" title="Joseph Blanc">Joseph Blanc</a>, <i>The murder of Laïus by Oedipus</i>, 1867, Paris, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Beaux-Arts.</figcaption></figure> <p>Confused, Jocasta asks Oedipus what the matter is, and he tells her. Many years ago, at a banquet in Corinth, a man drunkenly accused Oedipus of not being his father's son. Oedipus went to Delphi and asked the oracle about his parentage. Instead of answering his question directly, the oracle prophesied that he would one day murder his father and sleep with his mother. Upon hearing this, Oedipus resolved never to return to Corinth. In his travels, he came to the very crossroads where Laius had been killed, and encountered a carriage that attempted to drive him off the road. An argument ensued, and Oedipus killed the travelers—including a man who matched Jocasta's description of Laius. However, Oedipus holds out hope that he was not Laius' killer, because Laius was said to have been murdered by <i>several</i> robbers. If the shepherd confirms that Laius was attacked by many men, then Oedipus will be in the clear. </p><p>A man arrives from <a href="/wiki/Corinth" title="Corinth">Corinth</a> with the message that <a href="/wiki/Polybus_of_Corinth" title="Polybus of Corinth">Polybus</a>, who raised Oedipus as his son, has died. To the surprise of the messenger, Oedipus is overjoyed, because he can no longer kill his father, thus disproving half of the oracle's prophecy. However, he still fears that he might somehow commit incest with his mother. Eager to set the king's mind at ease, the messenger tells him not to worry, because Merope is not his real mother. </p><p>The messenger explains that years earlier, while tending his flock on <a href="/wiki/Cithaeron" title="Cithaeron">Mount Cithaeron</a>, a shepherd from the household of Laius brought him an infant that he was instructed to dispose of. The messenger had then given the child to Polybus, who raised him. Oedipus asks the chorus if anyone knows the identity of the other shepherd, or where he might be now. They respond that he is the same shepherd who witnessed the murder of Laius, and whom Oedipus had already sent for. Jocasta, realizing the truth, desperately begs Oedipus to stop asking questions. When Oedipus refuses, the queen runs into the palace. </p><p>When the shepherd arrives, Oedipus questions him, but he begs to be allowed to leave without answering further. However, Oedipus presses him, finally threatening him with torture or execution. It emerges that the child he gave away was Laius' own son. In fear of a prophecy that the child would kill his father, Jocasta gave her son to the shepherd in order to be <a href="/wiki/Infant_exposure" class="mw-redirect" title="Infant exposure">exposed</a> upon the mountainside. </p><p>Everything is at last revealed, and Oedipus curses himself and fate before leaving the stage. The chorus laments how even a great man can be felled by fate, and following this, a servant exits the palace to speak of what has happened inside. Jocasta has <a href="/wiki/Suicide_by_hanging" title="Suicide by hanging">hanged herself</a> in her bedchamber. Entering the palace in anguish, Oedipus called on his servants to bring him a sword, that he might slay Jocasta with his own hand. But upon discovering the lifeless queen, Oedipus took her down, and removing the long gold pins from her dress, he gouged out his own eyes in despair. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:B%C3%A9nigne_Gagneraux,_The_Blind_Oedipus_Commending_his_Children_to_the_Gods.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/B%C3%A9nigne_Gagneraux%2C_The_Blind_Oedipus_Commending_his_Children_to_the_Gods.jpg/235px-B%C3%A9nigne_Gagneraux%2C_The_Blind_Oedipus_Commending_his_Children_to_the_Gods.jpg" decoding="async" width="235" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/B%C3%A9nigne_Gagneraux%2C_The_Blind_Oedipus_Commending_his_Children_to_the_Gods.jpg/353px-B%C3%A9nigne_Gagneraux%2C_The_Blind_Oedipus_Commending_his_Children_to_the_Gods.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/B%C3%A9nigne_Gagneraux%2C_The_Blind_Oedipus_Commending_his_Children_to_the_Gods.jpg/470px-B%C3%A9nigne_Gagneraux%2C_The_Blind_Oedipus_Commending_his_Children_to_the_Gods.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4803" data-file-height="3667" /></a><figcaption>Bénigne Gagneraux, <i>The Blind Oedipus Commending his Children to the Gods</i></figcaption></figure> <p>The blinded king now exits the palace, and begs to be <a href="/wiki/Exile" title="Exile">exiled</a>. Creon enters, saying that Oedipus shall be taken into the house until oracles can be consulted regarding what is best to be done. Oedipus's two daughters (and half-sisters), <a href="/wiki/Antigone" title="Antigone">Antigone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ismene" title="Ismene">Ismene</a>, are sent out and Oedipus laments their having been born to such a cursed family. He begs Creon to watch over them, in hopes that they will live where there is opportunity for them, and to have a better life than their father. Creon agrees, before sending Oedipus back into the palace. </p><p>On an empty stage, the chorus repeats the common Greek <a href="/wiki/Maxim_(philosophy)" title="Maxim (philosophy)">maxim</a> that "no man should be considered fortunate until he is dead."<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relationship_with_mythic_tradition">Relationship with mythic tradition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oedipus_Rex&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Relationship with mythic tradition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The two cities of <a href="/wiki/Troy" title="Troy">Troy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Thebes_(Boeotia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Thebes (Boeotia)">Thebes</a> were the major focus of Greek <a href="/wiki/Epic_poetry" title="Epic poetry">epic poetry</a>. The events surrounding the <a href="/wiki/Trojan_War" title="Trojan War">Trojan War</a> were chronicled in the <a href="/wiki/Epic_Cycle" title="Epic Cycle">Epic Cycle</a>, of which much remains, and those about Thebes in the <a href="/wiki/Theban_Cycle" title="Theban Cycle">Theban Cycle</a>, which have been lost. The Theban Cycle recounted the sequence of tragedies that befell the house of <a href="/wiki/Laius" title="Laius">Laius</a>, of which the story of Oedipus is a part. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Odyssey" title="Odyssey">Odyssey</a></i> (XI.271ff.) contains the earliest account of the Oedipus myth when <a href="/wiki/Odysseus" title="Odysseus">Odysseus</a> encounters Jocasta (named Epicaste) in the <a href="/wiki/Underworld" title="Underworld">underworld</a>. Homer briefly summarises the story of Oedipus, including the incest, patricide, and Jocasta's subsequent suicide. However, in the Homeric version, Oedipus remains King of Thebes after the revelation and neither blinds himself, nor is sent into exile. In particular, it is said that the gods made the matter of his paternity known, whilst in <i>Oedipus the King</i>, Oedipus very much discovers the truth himself.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 467 BC, Sophocles's fellow tragedian <a href="/wiki/Aeschylus" title="Aeschylus">Aeschylus</a> won first prize at the <a href="/wiki/City_Dionysia" class="mw-redirect" title="City Dionysia">City Dionysia</a> with a trilogy about the House of Laius, comprising <i>Laius</i>, <i>Oedipus</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Seven_Against_Thebes" class="mw-redirect" title="Seven Against Thebes">Seven Against Thebes</a></i> (the only play which survives). Since he did not write connected trilogies as Aeschylus did, <i>Oedipus Rex</i> focuses on the titular character while hinting at the larger myth obliquely, which was already known to the audience in Athens at the time. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oedipus_Rex&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Papyrus_Oxyrhynchus_1369_-_Bridwell_Papyrus_4_-_Sophocles,_Oedipus_the_King_-_recto.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Papyrus_Oxyrhynchus_1369_-_Bridwell_Papyrus_4_-_Sophocles%2C_Oedipus_the_King_-_recto.jpg/220px-Papyrus_Oxyrhynchus_1369_-_Bridwell_Papyrus_4_-_Sophocles%2C_Oedipus_the_King_-_recto.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Papyrus_Oxyrhynchus_1369_-_Bridwell_Papyrus_4_-_Sophocles%2C_Oedipus_the_King_-_recto.jpg/330px-Papyrus_Oxyrhynchus_1369_-_Bridwell_Papyrus_4_-_Sophocles%2C_Oedipus_the_King_-_recto.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Papyrus_Oxyrhynchus_1369_-_Bridwell_Papyrus_4_-_Sophocles%2C_Oedipus_the_King_-_recto.jpg/440px-Papyrus_Oxyrhynchus_1369_-_Bridwell_Papyrus_4_-_Sophocles%2C_Oedipus_the_King_-_recto.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="5300" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Oxyrhynchus_Papyri" title="Oxyrhynchus Papyri">P. Oxy.</a> 1369, a fragmentary papyrus copy of <i>Oedipus Rex</i>, 4th century BC.</figcaption></figure> <p>The trilogy containing <i>Oedipus Rex</i> took second prize in the <a href="/wiki/City_Dionysia" class="mw-redirect" title="City Dionysia">City Dionysia</a> at its original performance. Aeschylus's nephew <a href="/wiki/Philocles" title="Philocles">Philocles</a> took first prize at that competition.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in his <i><a href="/wiki/Poetics_(Aristotle)" title="Poetics (Aristotle)">Poetics</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a> considered <i>Oedipus Rex</i> to be the tragedy which best matched his prescription for how drama should be made.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many modern critics agree with Aristotle on the quality of <i>Oedipus Rex</i>, even if they don't always agree on the reasons. For example, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Claverhouse_Jebb" title="Richard Claverhouse Jebb">Richard Claverhouse Jebb</a> claimed that "The <i>Oedipus Tyrannus</i> is in one sense the masterpiece of Attic tragedy. No other shows an equal degree of art in the development of the plot; and this excellence depends on the powerful and subtle drawing of the characters."<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Cedric_Whitman" title="Cedric Whitman">Cedric Whitman</a> noted that "the <i>Oedipus Rex</i> passes almost universally for the greatest extant Greek play..."<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whitman himself regarded the play as "the fullest expression of this conception of tragedy," that is the conception of tragedy as a "revelation of the evil lot of man," where a man may have "all the equipment for glory and honor" but still have "the greatest effort to do good" end in "the evil of an unbearable self for which one is not responsible."<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Edith_Hall" title="Edith Hall">Edith Hall</a> referred to <i>Oedipus the King</i> as "this definitive tragedy" and notes that "the magisterial subtlety of Sophocles' characterization thus lend credibility to the breathtaking coincidences," and notes the irony that "Oedipus can only fulfill his exceptional god-ordained destiny because Oedipus is a preeminently capable and intelligent human being."<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/H._D._F._Kitto" title="H. D. F. Kitto">H. D. F. Kitto</a> said about <i>Oedipus Rex</i> that "it is true to say that the perfection of its form implies a world order," although Kitto notes that whether or not that world order "is beneficent, Sophocles does not say."<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The science revolution attributed to <a href="/wiki/Thales" class="mw-redirect" title="Thales">Thales</a> began gaining political force, and this play offered a warning to the new thinkers. Kitto interprets the play as Sophocles' retort to the <a href="/wiki/Sophist" title="Sophist">sophists</a>, by dramatizing a situation in which humans face undeserved suffering through no fault of their own, but despite the apparent randomness of the events, the fact that they have been prophesied by the gods implies that the events are not random, despite the reasons being beyond human comprehension.<sup id="cite_ref-poiesis_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-poiesis-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Through the play, according to Kitto, Sophocles declares "that it is wrong, in the face of the incomprehensible and unmoral, to deny the moral laws and accept chaos. What is right is to recognize facts and not delude ourselves. The universe is a unity; if, sometimes, we can see neither rhyme nor reason in it we should not suppose it is random. There is so much that we cannot know and cannot control that we should not think and behave as if we do know and can control."<sup id="cite_ref-poiesis_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-poiesis-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Oedipus Rex</i> is widely regarded as one of the greatest plays, stories, and tragedies ever written.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2015, when <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s <a href="/wiki/Theatre_criticism" title="Theatre criticism">theatre critic</a> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Billington_(critic)" title="Michael Billington (critic)">Michael Billington</a>, selected what he thinks are the 101 greatest plays ever written, <i>Oedipus Rex</i> was placed second, just after <i><a href="/wiki/The_Persians" title="The Persians">The Persians</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Themes,_irony_and_motifs"><span id="Themes.2C_irony_and_motifs"></span>Themes, irony and motifs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oedipus_Rex&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Themes, irony and motifs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fate,_free_will,_or_tragic_flaw"><span id="Fate.2C_free_will.2C_or_tragic_flaw"></span>Fate, free will, or tragic flaw</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oedipus_Rex&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Fate, free will, or tragic flaw"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oedipus_%26_Sphinx.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Oedipus_%26_Sphinx.jpg/220px-Oedipus_%26_Sphinx.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Oedipus_%26_Sphinx.jpg/330px-Oedipus_%26_Sphinx.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Oedipus_%26_Sphinx.jpg 2x" data-file-width="431" data-file-height="403" /></a><figcaption>A Greek amphora depicting Oedipus and the Sphinx, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 450 BC</span></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Destiny" title="Destiny">Fate</a> is a motif that often occurs in Greek writing, tragedies in particular. Likewise, where the attempt to avoid an oracle is the very thing that enables it to happen is common to many Greek myths. For example, similarities to Oedipus can be seen in the myth of <a href="/wiki/Perseus" title="Perseus">Perseus</a>' <a href="/wiki/Perseus#Origin_at_Argos" title="Perseus">birth</a>. </p><p>Two oracles in particular dominate the plot of <i>Oedipus Rex</i>. Jocasta relates the prophecy that was told to <a href="/wiki/Laius" title="Laius">Laius</a> before the birth of Oedipus (lines 711–4): </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> <p>[The oracle] told him<br /> that it was his fate that he should die a victim<br /> at the hands of his own son, a son to be born<br /> of Laius and me. </p> </div></blockquote> <p>The oracle told to Laius tells only of the <a href="/wiki/Patricide" title="Patricide">patricide</a>, whereas the <a href="/wiki/Incest" title="Incest">incest</a> is missing. Prompted by Jocasta's recollection, Oedipus reveals the prophecy which caused him to leave <a href="/wiki/Corinth" title="Corinth">Corinth</a> (lines 791–3): </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> <p>that I was fated to lie with my mother,<br /> and show to daylight an accursed breed<br /> which men would not endure, and I was doomed<br /> to be murderer of the father that begot me. </p> </div></blockquote> <p>The implication of Laius's oracle is ambiguous. One interpretation considers that the presentation of Laius's oracle in this play differs from that found in <a href="/wiki/Aeschylus" title="Aeschylus">Aeschylus</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Seven_Against_Thebes" class="mw-redirect" title="Seven Against Thebes">Oedipus trilogy</a> produced in 467 BC. Smith (2005) argues that "Sophocles had the option of making the oracle to Laius conditional (<i>if</i> Laius has a son, that son will kill him) or unconditional (Laius <i>will</i> have a son who will kill him). Both Aeschylus and Euripides write plays in which the oracle is conditional; Sophocles...chooses to make Laius's oracle unconditional and thus removes culpability for his sins from Oedipus, for he could not have done other than what he did, no matter what action he took."<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This interpretation is supported by Jocasta's repetition of the oracle at lines 854–55: "Loxias declared that the king should be killed by/ his own son." In Greek, Jocasta uses the verb <i>chrênai</i>: "to be fated, necessary." This iteration of the oracle seems to suggest that it was unconditional and inevitable. </p><p>Other scholars have nonetheless argued that Sophocles follows tradition in making Laius's oracle conditional, and thus avoidable. They point to Jocasta's initial disclosure of the oracle at lines 711–14. In Greek, the oracle cautions: "<span title="Greek-language romanization"><i lang="el-Latn"><i>hôs auton <b>hexoi</b> moira pros paidos thanein</i>/ <i>hostis <b>genoit</b></i> <i>emou te kakeinou para</i>.</i></span>" The two verbs in boldface indicate what is called a "future more vivid" condition: <i>if</i> a child is born to Laius, his fate to be killed by that child <i>will</i> overtake him.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Whatever the meaning of Laius's oracle, the one delivered to Oedipus is clearly unconditional. Given the modern conception of <a href="/wiki/Destiny" title="Destiny">fate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fatalism" title="Fatalism">fatalism</a>, readers of the play have a tendency to view Oedipus as a mere puppet controlled by greater forces; a man crushed by the gods and fate for no good reason. This, however, is not an entirely accurate reading. While it is a mythological <a href="/wiki/Truism" title="Truism">truism</a> that oracles exist to be fulfilled, oracles do not cause the events that lead up to the outcome. In his landmark essay "On Misunderstanding the <i>Oedipus Rex</i>",<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/E.R._Dodds" class="mw-redirect" title="E.R. Dodds">E.R. Dodds</a> draws upon <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Knox" title="Bernard Knox">Bernard Knox</a>'s comparison with <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a>' prophecy at the <a href="/wiki/Last_Supper" title="Last Supper">Last Supper</a> that <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a> would deny him three times. Jesus <i>knows</i> that Peter will do this, but readers would in no way suggest that Peter was a puppet of fate being <i>forced</i> to deny Christ. <a href="/wiki/Free_will" title="Free will">Free will</a> and <a href="/wiki/Predestination" title="Predestination">predestination</a> are by no means mutually exclusive, and such is the case with Oedipus. </p><p>The oracle delivered to Oedipus is what is often called a "<a href="/wiki/Self-fulfilling_prophecy" title="Self-fulfilling prophecy">self-fulfilling prophecy</a>," whereby a prophecy itself sets in motion events that conclude with its own fulfilment.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This, however, is not to say that Oedipus is a victim of fate and has no free will. The oracle inspires a series of specific choices, freely made by Oedipus, which lead him to kill his father and marry his mother. Oedipus <i>chooses</i> not to return to Corinth after hearing the oracle, just as he chooses to head toward Thebes, to kill Laius, and to take Jocasta specifically as his wife. In response to the plague at Thebes, he <i>chooses</i> to send Creon to the Oracle for advice and then to follow that advice, initiating the investigation into Laius' murder. None of these choices are predetermined. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Plague_of_Thebes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/The_Plague_of_Thebes.jpg/220px-The_Plague_of_Thebes.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/The_Plague_of_Thebes.jpg/330px-The_Plague_of_Thebes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/The_Plague_of_Thebes.jpg/440px-The_Plague_of_Thebes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1141" /></a><figcaption><i>Oedipus and Antigone</i>, by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Jalabert" title="Charles Jalabert">Charles Jalabert</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Another characteristic of oracles in myth is that they are almost always misunderstood by those who hear them; hence Oedipus misunderstanding the significance of the Delphic Oracle. He visits Delphi to find out who his real parents are and assumes that the Oracle refuses to answer that question, offering instead an unrelated prophecy which forecasts patricide and incest. Oedipus' assumption is incorrect: the Oracle does, in a way, answer his question. On closer analysis, the oracle contains essential information which Oedipus seems to neglect. The wording of the Oracle: "I was doomed to be murderer of the father that begot me" refers to Oedipus' real, biological father. Likewise the mother with polluted children is defined as the biological one. The wording of the drunken guest on the other hand: "you are not your father's son" defines Polybus as only a foster father to Oedipus. The two wordings support each other and point to the "two sets of parents" alternative. Thus the question of two sets of parents, biological and foster, is raised. Oedipus' reaction to the Oracle is irrational: he states he did not get any answer and he flees in a direction away from Corinth, showing that he firmly believed at the time that Polybus and Merope are his real parents. </p><p>The scene with the drunken guest constitutes the end of Oedipus' childhood. He can no longer ignore a feeling of uncertainty about his parentage. However, after consulting the Oracle this uncertainty disappears, strangely enough, and is replaced by a totally unjustified certainty that he is the son of Merope and Polybus. We have said that this irrational behaviour—his <i><a href="/wiki/Hamartia" title="Hamartia">hamartia</a></i>, as Aristotle puts it—is due to the repression of a whole series of thoughts in his consciousness, in fact everything that referred to his earlier doubts about his parentage.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="State_control">State control</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oedipus_Rex&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: State control"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Oedipus_Rex" title="Special:EditPage/Oedipus Rex">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The exploration of the theme of state control in <i>Oedipus Rex</i> is paralleled by the examination of the conflict between <a href="/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism">the individual</a> and <a href="/wiki/State_(polity)" title="State (polity)">the state</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Antigone_(Sophocles_play)" title="Antigone (Sophocles play)">Antigone</a></i>. The dilemma that Oedipus faces here is similar to that of the tyrannical <a href="/wiki/Creon_of_Thebes" class="mw-redirect" title="Creon of Thebes">Creon</a>: each man has, as king, made a decision that his subjects question or disobey; and each king misconstrues both his own role as a <a href="/wiki/Sovereign" title="Sovereign">sovereign</a> and the role of the rebel. When informed by the blind <a href="/wiki/Prophet" title="Prophet">prophet</a> <a href="/wiki/Tiresias" title="Tiresias">Tiresias</a> that religious forces are against him, each king claims that the priest has been corrupted. It is here, however, that their similarities come to an end: while Creon sees the havoc he has wreaked and tries to amend his mistakes, Oedipus refuses to listen to anyone. (The above text comes almost directly from David Grene's introduction to <i>Sophocles I</i>, University of Chicago Press, 1954.) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Irony">Irony</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oedipus_Rex&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Irony"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Primary_sources plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Primary_sources" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>relies excessively on <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">references</a> to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">primary sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please improve this section by adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">secondary or tertiary sources</a>. <br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Oedipus+Rex%22">"Oedipus Rex"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Oedipus+Rex%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Oedipus+Rex%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Oedipus+Rex%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Oedipus+Rex%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Oedipus+Rex%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Sophocles uses <a href="/wiki/Dramatic_Irony" class="mw-redirect" title="Dramatic Irony">dramatic irony</a> to present the downfall of Oedipus. At the beginning of the story, Oedipus is portrayed as "self-confident, intelligent and strong willed."<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> By the end, it is within these traits that he finds his demise.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>One of the most significant instances of irony in this tragedy is when Tiresias hints to Oedipus what he has done; that he has slain his own father and married his own mother (lines 457–60):<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> <p>To his children he will discover that he is both brother and father.<br /> To the woman who gave birth to him he is son and husband and to his father, both, a sharer of his bed and his murderer.<br /> Go into your palace then, king Oedipus and think about these things and if you find me a liar then you can truly say I know nothing of prophecies. </p> </div></blockquote> <p>The audience knows the truth and what would be the fate of Oedipus. Oedipus, on the other hand, chooses to deny the reality that has confronted him. He ignores the word of Tiresias and continues on his journey to find the supposed killer. His search for a murderer is yet another instance of irony. Oedipus, determined to find the one responsible for King Laius' death, announces to his people (lines 247–53):<sup id="cite_ref-Powell_2015_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Powell_2015-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 466–467">: 466–467 </span></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> <p>I hereby call down curses on this killer...<br /> that horribly, as he is horrible,<br /> he may drag out his wretched unblessed days.<br /> This too I pray: Though he be of my house,<br /> if I learn of it, and let him still remain,<br /> may I receive the curse I have laid on others. </p> </div></blockquote> <p>This is ironic as Oedipus is, as he discovers, the slayer of Laius, and the curse he wishes upon the killer, he has actually wished upon himself. Glassberg (2017) explains that “Oedipus has clearly missed the mark. He is unaware that he is the one polluting agent he seeks to punish. He has inadequate knowledge...”<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sight_and_blindness">Sight and blindness</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oedipus_Rex&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Sight and blindness"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Primary_sources plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Primary_sources" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>relies excessively on <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">references</a> to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">primary sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please improve this section by adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">secondary or tertiary sources</a>. <br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Oedipus+Rex%22">"Oedipus Rex"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Oedipus+Rex%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Oedipus+Rex%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Oedipus+Rex%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Oedipus+Rex%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Oedipus+Rex%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Photo_Milan,_Teatro_Manzoni._Vittorio_Gassman_during_the_performance_of_the_tragedy_Oedipus_Rex_by_Sophocles_1955_-_Touring_Club_Italiano_04_2242.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Photo_Milan%2C_Teatro_Manzoni._Vittorio_Gassman_during_the_performance_of_the_tragedy_Oedipus_Rex_by_Sophocles_1955_-_Touring_Club_Italiano_04_2242.jpg/220px-Photo_Milan%2C_Teatro_Manzoni._Vittorio_Gassman_during_the_performance_of_the_tragedy_Oedipus_Rex_by_Sophocles_1955_-_Touring_Club_Italiano_04_2242.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Photo_Milan%2C_Teatro_Manzoni._Vittorio_Gassman_during_the_performance_of_the_tragedy_Oedipus_Rex_by_Sophocles_1955_-_Touring_Club_Italiano_04_2242.jpg/330px-Photo_Milan%2C_Teatro_Manzoni._Vittorio_Gassman_during_the_performance_of_the_tragedy_Oedipus_Rex_by_Sophocles_1955_-_Touring_Club_Italiano_04_2242.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Photo_Milan%2C_Teatro_Manzoni._Vittorio_Gassman_during_the_performance_of_the_tragedy_Oedipus_Rex_by_Sophocles_1955_-_Touring_Club_Italiano_04_2242.jpg/440px-Photo_Milan%2C_Teatro_Manzoni._Vittorio_Gassman_during_the_performance_of_the_tragedy_Oedipus_Rex_by_Sophocles_1955_-_Touring_Club_Italiano_04_2242.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3765" data-file-height="2869" /></a><figcaption>Vittorio Gassman as Oedipus</figcaption></figure> <p>Literal and metaphorical references to eyesight appear throughout <i>Oedipus Rex</i>. Clear vision serves as a metaphor for <a href="/wiki/Insight" title="Insight">insight</a> and <a href="/wiki/Knowledge" title="Knowledge">knowledge</a>, yet the clear-eyed Oedipus is blind to the truth about his origins and inadvertent crimes. The prophet <a href="/wiki/Tiresias" title="Tiresias">Tiresias</a>, on the other hand, although literally blind, "sees" the truth and relays what is revealed to him. Only after Oedipus gouges out his own eyes, physically blinding himself, does he gain prophetic ability, as exhibited in <i><a href="/wiki/Oedipus_at_Colonus" title="Oedipus at Colonus">Oedipus at Colonus</a></i>. It is deliberately ironic that the "seer" can "see" better than Oedipus, despite being blind. Tiresias, in anger, expresses such (lines 495–500):<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 11">: 11 </span></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> <p>Since you have chosen to insult my blindness—<br /> you have your eyesight, and you do not see<br /> how miserable you are, or where you live,<br /> or who it is who shares your household.<br /> Do you know the family you come from?<br /> Without your knowledge you’ve become<br /> the enemy of your own kindred </p> </div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tyranny">Tyranny</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oedipus_Rex&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Tyranny"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Primary_sources plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Primary_sources" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>relies excessively on <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">references</a> to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">primary sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please improve this section by adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">secondary or tertiary sources</a>. <br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Oedipus+Rex%22">"Oedipus Rex"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Oedipus+Rex%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Oedipus+Rex%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Oedipus+Rex%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Oedipus+Rex%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Oedipus+Rex%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><p> Oedipus switches back and forth calling Laius a tyrant (lines 128–129)<sup id="cite_ref-:1_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a king (lines 254–256)<sup id="cite_ref-:1_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> throughout the duration of the play. This is done as a way to make Laius his equal in terms of ruling. Laius was a legitimate king, whereas Oedipus had no legitimate claim to rule. Oedipus's claims of calling Laius a tyrant hint at his own insecurities of being a tyrant.</p><blockquote><p>The tyranny brought down the way it was, what </p><p>"troubles" could keep you from looking into it? </p><p>For even if a god weren't forcing this on you </p><p>you shouldn't leave it festering so, and this </p><p> the case of a noble man, your murdered king.</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sigmund_Freud">Sigmund Freud</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oedipus_Rex&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Sigmund Freud"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud">Sigmund Freud</a> wrote a notable passage in <i><a href="/wiki/Interpretation_of_Dreams" class="mw-redirect" title="Interpretation of Dreams">Interpretation of Dreams</a></i> regarding the destiny of Oedipus, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Oedipus_complex" title="Oedipus complex">Oedipus complex</a>. He analyzes why this play, <i>Oedipus Rex</i>, written in Ancient Greece, is so effective even to a modern audience:<sup id="cite_ref-:0_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 279–280">: 279–280 </span></sup> </p> <blockquote><p>"His destiny moves us only because it might have been ours — because the oracle laid the same curse upon us before our birth as upon him. It is the fate of all of us, perhaps, to direct our first sexual impulse towards our mother and our first hatred and our first murderous wish against our father. Our dreams convince us that this is so."</p></blockquote> <p>Freud goes on to indicate, however, that the “primordial urges and fears” that are his concern are not found primarily in the play by Sophocles, but exist in the myth the play is based on. He refers to <i>Oedipus Rex</i> as a “further modification of the legend,” one that originates in a “misconceived secondary revision of the material, which has sought to exploit it for theological purposes.”<sup id="cite_ref-:0_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 247">: 247 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In her article, <i>Oedipal Textuality: Reading Freud's Reading of Oedipus,</i> Cynthia Chase explains Oedipus Rex as a story of <a href="/wiki/Psychoanalysis" title="Psychoanalysis">psychoanalysis</a> in relation to the riddles in the story and Oedipus trying to uncover his truth.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parsifal">Parsifal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oedipus_Rex&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Parsifal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Parsifal" title="Parsifal">Parsifal</a></div> <p>The <i>Parsifal</i> story is the "reverse" of the <i>Oedipus</i> myth (cf., <a href="/wiki/Claude_L%C3%A9vi-Strauss" title="Claude Lévi-Strauss">Claude Lévi-Strauss</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adaptations">Adaptations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oedipus_Rex&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Adaptations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film_adaptations">Film adaptations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oedipus_Rex&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Film adaptations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first English-language adaption, <a href="/wiki/Oedipus_Rex_(1957_film)" title="Oedipus Rex (1957 film)"><i>Oedipus Rex</i> (1957)</a>, was directed by <a href="/wiki/Tyrone_Guthrie" title="Tyrone Guthrie">Tyrone Guthrie</a> and starred <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Campbell_(actor)" title="Douglas Campbell (actor)">Douglas Campbell</a> as Oedipus. In this version, the entire play is performed by the cast in masks (Greek: <i>prosopon</i>), as actors did in <a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_ancient_Greece#Masks_2" title="Theatre of ancient Greece">ancient Greek theatre</a>. </p><p>The second English-language film version, <a href="/wiki/Oedipus_the_King_(1968_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Oedipus the King (1968 film)"><i>Oedipus the King</i> (1968)</a>, was directed by <a href="/wiki/Philip_Saville" title="Philip Saville">Philip Saville</a> and filmed in Greece. Unlike Guthrie's film, this version shows the actors' faces, as well as boasting an all-star cast, including <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Plummer" title="Christopher Plummer">Christopher Plummer</a> as Oedipus; <a href="/wiki/Lilli_Palmer" title="Lilli Palmer">Lilli Palmer</a> as Jocasta; <a href="/wiki/Orson_Welles" title="Orson Welles">Orson Welles</a> as Tiresias; <a href="/wiki/Richard_Johnson_(actor)" title="Richard Johnson (actor)">Richard Johnson</a> as Creon; <a href="/wiki/Roger_Livesey" title="Roger Livesey">Roger Livesey</a> as the Shepherd; and <a href="/wiki/Donald_Sutherland" title="Donald Sutherland">Donald Sutherland</a> as the Leading Member of the Chorus. Sutherland's voice, however, was dubbed by another actor. The film went a step further than the play by actually showing, in flashback, the murder of Laius (portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Ledebur" class="mw-redirect" title="Friedrich Ledebur">Friedrich Ledebur</a>). It also shows Oedipus and Jocasta in bed together, making love. Though released in 1968, this film was not seen in Europe or the US until the 1970s and 1980s after legal release and <a href="/wiki/Distribution_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Distribution (film)">distribution rights</a> were granted to video and television. </p><p>In Italy, <a href="/wiki/Pier_Paolo_Pasolini" title="Pier Paolo Pasolini">Pier Paolo Pasolini</a> directed <i><a href="/wiki/Oedipus_Rex_(1967_film)" title="Oedipus Rex (1967 film)">Edipo Re</a></i> (1967), a modern interpretation of the play. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Toshio_Matsumoto" title="Toshio Matsumoto">Toshio Matsumoto</a>'s film, <i><a href="/wiki/Funeral_Parade_of_Roses" title="Funeral Parade of Roses">Funeral Parade of Roses</a></i> (1969), is a loose adaptation of the play and an important work of the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_New_Wave" title="Japanese New Wave">Japanese New Wave</a>. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>, writer <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Garc%C3%ADa_M%C3%A1rquez" title="Gabriel García Márquez">Gabriel García Márquez</a> adapted the story in <i><a href="/wiki/Edipo_Alcalde" class="mw-redirect" title="Edipo Alcalde">Edipo Alcalde</a></i>, bringing it to the real-world situation of Colombia at the time. </p><p>The Nigerian film <i>The Gods are STILL not to Blame</i> (2012) was produced by Funke Fayoyin, premiering at <a href="/wiki/Silverbird_Galleria" title="Silverbird Galleria">Silverbird Galleria</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lagos" title="Lagos">Lagos</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Park_Chan-wook" title="Park Chan-wook">Park Chan-wook's</a> <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_South_Korea" title="Cinema of South Korea">South Korean film</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Oldboy_(2003_film)" title="Oldboy (2003 film)">Oldboy</a></i> (2003), was inspired by the play while making several notable changes to allow it to work in a modern South-Korean setting.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The film even alters the iconic twist, causing many American critics to overlook the connection. It received widespread acclaim, and is seen in South Korea as the definitive adaptation.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stage_adaptations">Stage adaptations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oedipus_Rex&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Stage adaptations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sofokles,_Kralj_Oidipus,_Slovensko_ljudsko_gledali%C5%A1%C4%8De_Celje.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Sofokles%2C_Kralj_Oidipus%2C_Slovensko_ljudsko_gledali%C5%A1%C4%8De_Celje.jpg/250px-Sofokles%2C_Kralj_Oidipus%2C_Slovensko_ljudsko_gledali%C5%A1%C4%8De_Celje.jpg" decoding="async" width="233" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Sofokles%2C_Kralj_Oidipus%2C_Slovensko_ljudsko_gledali%C5%A1%C4%8De_Celje.jpg/500px-Sofokles%2C_Kralj_Oidipus%2C_Slovensko_ljudsko_gledali%C5%A1%C4%8De_Celje.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="786" /></a><figcaption>Play by the Celje Slovene People's Theatre in 1968</figcaption></figure> <p>The composer <a href="/wiki/Igor_Stravinsky" title="Igor Stravinsky">Igor Stravinsky</a> wrote the <a href="/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">opera</a>-<a href="/wiki/Oratorio" title="Oratorio">oratorio</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Oedipus_rex_(opera)" title="Oedipus rex (opera)">Oedipus Rex</a></i>, which premiered in 1927 at the <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_Sarah_Bernhardt" class="mw-redirect" title="Théâtre Sarah Bernhardt">Théâtre Sarah Bernhardt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>. It is scored for orchestra, speaker, soloists, and male chorus. The <a href="/wiki/Libretto" title="Libretto">libretto</a>, based on Sophocles's tragedy, was written by <a href="/wiki/Jean_Cocteau" title="Jean Cocteau">Jean Cocteau</a> in <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> and then translated by <a href="/wiki/Abb%C3%A9" title="Abbé">Abbé</a> <a href="/wiki/Jean_Dani%C3%A9lou" title="Jean Daniélou">Jean Daniélou</a> into <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>. The narration, however, is performed in the language of the audience. The work was written towards the beginning of Stravinsky's <a href="/wiki/Neo-Classical_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Classical period">neoclassical period</a> and is considered one of the finest works from this phase of the composer's career. He had considered setting the language of the work in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a>, but decided ultimately on Latin, as "a medium not dead but turned to stone." </p><p><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigerian</a> writer <a href="/wiki/Ola_Rotimi" title="Ola Rotimi">Ola Rotimi</a> adapted <i>Oedipus Rex</i> into a 1968 play and novel, titling it <i><a href="/wiki/The_Gods_Are_Not_to_Blame" title="The Gods Are Not to Blame">The Gods Are Not to Blame</a></i>. In 2012, the play was further adapted by Otun Rasheed, under the title <i>The Gods Are STILL Not to Blame</i>. </p><p>Dancer and choreographer <a href="/wiki/Martha_Graham" title="Martha Graham">Martha Graham</a> adapted <i>Oedipus Rex</i> into a short ballet entitled <a href="/wiki/Night_Journey_(ballet)" title="Night Journey (ballet)"><i>Night Journey</i></a>, premiering in 1947. In this adaptation, the action focuses not on Oedipus, but upon Jocasta, reflecting on her strange destiny.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Composer <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Rihm" title="Wolfgang Rihm">Wolfgang Rihm</a> used the play as a basis for his 1987 opera <i><a href="/wiki/Oedipus_(opera)" title="Oedipus (opera)">Oedipus</a></i>, also writing the <a href="/wiki/Libretto" title="Libretto">libretto</a> in German which includes related texts by <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche" title="Friedrich Nietzsche">Friedrich Nietzsche</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heiner_M%C3%BCller" title="Heiner Müller">Heiner Müller</a>. It premiered at the <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Oper_Berlin" title="Deutsche Oper Berlin">Deutsche Oper Berlin</a>, directed by <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6tz_Friedrich" title="Götz Friedrich">Götz Friedrich</a> in a performance broadcast live.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="TV/radio_adaptations"><span id="TV.2Fradio_adaptations"></span>TV/radio adaptations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oedipus_Rex&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: TV/radio adaptations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Don_Taylor_(English_director_and_playwright)" title="Don Taylor (English director and playwright)">Don Taylor</a>'s 1986 translation/adaptation of <i>Oedipus Rex</i> using the English title <i>Oedipus the King</i> formed part of the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>'s <i>Theban Plays</i> trilogy. It starred <a href="/wiki/Michael_Pennington" title="Michael Pennington">Michael Pennington</a> as Oedipus, with <a href="/wiki/Claire_Bloom" title="Claire Bloom">Claire Bloom</a> as Jocasta, <a href="/wiki/John_Gielgud" title="John Gielgud">John Gielgud</a> as Tiresias, and <a href="/wiki/John_Shrapnel" title="John Shrapnel">John Shrapnel</a> as Creon. The actors performed in modern dress. </p><p>In 1977, <a href="/wiki/CBS_Radio_Mystery_Theater" title="CBS Radio Mystery Theater">CBS Radio Mystery Theater</a> broadcast a version of the story called "So Shall Ye Reap," set in 1851 in what was then the <a href="/wiki/Territory_of_New_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Territory of New Mexico">U.S. Territory of New Mexico</a>. </p><p>In 1987, Brazilian <a href="/wiki/TV_Globo" title="TV Globo">TV Globo</a> broadcast the soap opera <a href="/wiki/Mandala_(TV_series)" title="Mandala (TV series)">Mandala</a> a loose adaptation set in Brazil modern times starring <a href="/wiki/Vera_Fischer_(actress)" title="Vera Fischer (actress)">Vera Fischer</a> as Jocasta. </p><p>In 2017, <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_3" title="BBC Radio 3">BBC Radio 3</a> broadcast a production of <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Burgess" title="Anthony Burgess">Anthony Burgess</a>' translation of the play with <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Eccleston" title="Christopher Eccleston">Christopher Eccleston</a> as Oedipus and <a href="/wiki/Fiona_Shaw" title="Fiona Shaw">Fiona Shaw</a> as Tiresias/Second Elder. John Shrapnel, who starred as Creon in the 1986 BBC television version, played the First Elder. </p><p>Other television portrayals of Oedipus include that of <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Plummer" title="Christopher Plummer">Christopher Plummer</a> (1957), <a href="/wiki/Ian_Holm" title="Ian Holm">Ian Holm</a> (1972), and <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Stewart" title="Patrick Stewart">Patrick Stewart</a> (1977). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parodies">Parodies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oedipus_Rex&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Parodies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Peter_Schickele" title="Peter Schickele">Peter Schickele</a> parodies both the story of <i>Oedipus Rex</i> and the music of <a href="/wiki/Oedipus_rex_(opera)" title="Oedipus rex (opera)">Stravinsky's opera-oratorio of the same name</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Oedipus_Tex" title="Oedipus Tex">Oedipus Tex</a></i>, a Western-themed <a href="/wiki/Oratorio" title="Oratorio">oratorio</a> purportedly written by <a href="/wiki/P.D.Q._Bach" class="mw-redirect" title="P.D.Q. Bach">P.D.Q. Bach</a>. It was released in 1990 on the album <i><a href="/wiki/Oedipus_Tex_and_Other_Choral_Calamities" class="mw-redirect" title="Oedipus Tex and Other Choral Calamities">Oedipus Tex and Other Choral Calamities</a></i>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Chrysanthos_Mentis_Bostantzoglou" title="Chrysanthos Mentis Bostantzoglou">Chrysanthos Mentis Bostantzoglou</a> makes a parody of the tragedy in his comedy <i>Medea</i> (1993).<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In episode ten of the second season of the Australian satirical comedy show <i><a href="/wiki/CNNNN" title="CNNNN">CNNNN</a>,</i> a short animation in the style of a <a href="/wiki/Disney_Movies" class="mw-redirect" title="Disney Movies">Disney movie</a> trailer, complete with jaunty music provided by <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Hansen" title="Andrew Hansen">Andrew Hansen</a>, parodies <i>Oedipus Rex</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Apart from being advertised as "fun for the whole family," the parody is also mentioned at other times during that same episode, such as in a satirical advertisement in which orphans are offered a free "<i>Oedipus Rex</i> ashes urn" as a promotional offer after losing a relative.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/John_Barth" title="John Barth">John Barth's</a> novel <i><a href="/wiki/Giles_Goat-Boy" title="Giles Goat-Boy">Giles Goat-Boy</a></i> contains a forty-page parody of the full text of <i>Oedipus Rex</i> called <a href="/wiki/Giles_Goat-Boy#Plot" title="Giles Goat-Boy"><i>Taliped Decanus</i></a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Tom_Lehrer" title="Tom Lehrer">Tom Lehrer</a> wrote and performed a <a href="/wiki/Oedipus_Rex_(Tom_Lehrer_song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Oedipus Rex (Tom Lehrer song)">comedic song</a> based upon <i>Oedipus Rex</i> in 1959. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bo_Burnham" title="Bo Burnham">Bo Burnham</a> references Oedipus in songs "Words Words Words" and "Rant", both part of his album, <i><a href="/wiki/Words_Words_Words" title="Words Words Words">Words Words Words</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Editions">Editions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oedipus_Rex&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Editions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="English_translations">English translations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oedipus_Rex&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: English translations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Theobald" title="Lewis Theobald">Lewis Theobald</a>, 1715 – verse <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bim_eighteenth-century_oedipus-king-of-thebes_sophocles_1715">full text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Francklin" title="Thomas Francklin">Thomas Francklin</a>, 1759 – verse</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Alois_Buckley" title="Theodore Alois Buckley">Theodore Alois Buckley</a>, 1849 – prose <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/tragediesofs00soph">full text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Hayes_Plumptre" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Hayes Plumptre">Edward H. Plumptre</a>, 1865 – verse (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Tragedies_of_Sophocles_(Plumptre_1878)/Oedipus_the_King" class="extiw" title="s:Tragedies of Sophocles (Plumptre 1878)/Oedipus the King">full text at Wikisource</a>, rev. edition of 1878)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Campbell_(classicist)" title="Lewis Campbell (classicist)">Lewis Campbell</a>, 1883 – verse (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Sophocles,_the_Seven_Plays_in_English_verse/King_Oedipus" class="extiw" title="s:Sophocles, the Seven Plays in English verse/King Oedipus">full text at Wikisource</a>, rev. edition of 1906)</li> <li>Sir George Young, 1888 – verse</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Claverhouse_Jebb" title="Richard Claverhouse Jebb">Richard C. Jebb</a>, 1904 – prose (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Tragedies_of_Sophocles_(Jebb_1917)/Oedipus_the_King" class="extiw" title="s:Tragedies of Sophocles (Jebb 1917)/Oedipus the King">full text at Wikisource</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Way" title="Arthur Way">Arthur Way</a>, 1909 – verse <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924026676365">full text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Murray" title="Gilbert Murray">Gilbert Murray</a>, 1911 – verse (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Oedipus,_King_of_Thebes_(Murray_1911)" class="extiw" title="s:Oedipus, King of Thebes (Murray 1911)">full text, with audio, at Wikisource</a>)</li> <li>Francis Storr, 1912 – verse: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://classics.mit.edu/Sophocles/oedipus.html">full text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._B._Yeats" title="W. B. Yeats">W. B. Yeats</a>, 1928 – mixed prose and verse (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Sophocles%27_King_Oedipus" class="extiw" title="s:Sophocles' King Oedipus">full text, with music, at Wikisource</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Grene" title="David Grene">David Grene</a>, 1942 (revised ed. 1991) – verse</li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._F._Watling" title="E. F. Watling">E. F. Watling</a>, 1947 – verse</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dudley_Fitts" title="Dudley Fitts">Dudley Fitts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Fitzgerald" title="Robert Fitzgerald">Robert Fitzgerald</a>, 1949 – verse</li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._L._Lucas" title="F. L. Lucas">F. L. Lucas</a>, 1954 — verse</li> <li>Theodore Howard Banks, 1956 – verse</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Spaulding_Cook" title="Albert Spaulding Cook">Albert Cook</a>, 1957 – verse</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Knox" title="Bernard Knox">Bernard Knox</a>, 1959 – prose</li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._D._F._Kitto" title="H. D. F. Kitto">H. D. F. Kitto</a>, 1962 – verse</li> <li>Luci Berkowitz and Theodore F. Brunner, 1970 – prose</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Burgess" title="Anthony Burgess">Anthony Burgess</a>, 1972 – prose and verse</li> <li>Stephen Berg and Diskin Clay, 1978 – verse</li> <li>Robert Bagg, 1982 (revised ed. 2004) – verse</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Fagles" title="Robert Fagles">Robert Fagles</a>, 1984, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/threethebanplays00soph"><i>The Three Theban Plays: Antigone; Oedipus the King; Oedipus at Colonus</i></a>. Penguin classics. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781101042694" title="Special:BookSources/9781101042694">9781101042694</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Taylor_(English_director_and_playwright)" title="Don Taylor (English director and playwright)">Don Taylor</a>, 1986 – prose</li> <li>Nick Bartel, 1999 – verse: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060909165724/http://www.sfusd.edu/schwww/sch618/GreeksMultimediaProject/Oedipus/OedipusReadersTheater.html">abridged text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_McLeish" title="Kenneth McLeish">Kenneth McLeish</a>, 2001 – verse</li> <li>Ian Johnston, 2004 – verse: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://records.viu.ca/~johnstoi/sophocles/oedipustheking.htm">full text</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110719200551/http://records.viu.ca/~johnstoi/sophocles/oedipustheking.htm">Archived</a> 2011-07-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>George Theodoridis, 2005 – prose: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bacchicstage.wordpress.com/sophocles/oedipus-rex/">full text</a></li> <li>J. E. Thomas, 2006 – verse</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_C._Johnston" title="Ian C. Johnston">Ian C. Johnston</a>, 2007 – verse: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://johnstoniatexts.x10host.com/sophocles/oedipusthekinghtml.html">full text</a></li> <li>David Mulroy, 2011 – verse</li> <li>Rachel Pollack and David Vine, 2011 – verse</li> <li>Frank Nisetich, 2016 – verse</li> <li>David Kovacs, 2020 – verse. OUP Oxford. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0198854838" title="Special:BookSources/978-0198854838">978-0198854838</a></li> <li>Bryan Doerries, 2021 – verse. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0593314956" title="Special:BookSources/0593314956">0593314956</a> <sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Wilson_(classicist)" title="Emily Wilson (classicist)">Emily Wilson</a>, 2022 – verse</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oedipus_Rex&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Incest" title="Incest">Incest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lille_Stesichorus" title="Lille Stesichorus">Lille Stesichorus</a>, a papyrus fragment of an alternative version by the lyric poet <a href="/wiki/Stesichorus" title="Stesichorus">Stesichorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oedipus" title="Oedipus">Oedipus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oedipus_complex" title="Oedipus complex">Oedipus complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricide" title="Patricide">Patricide</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oedipus_Rex&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> See Finglass, P. J. (2018) "Date of the First Performance, in <i>Sophocles: Oedipus the King</i> Cambridge. pp. 1-6. The prominence of the Theban <a href="/wiki/Plague_(disease)" title="Plague (disease)">plague</a> at the play's opening suggests to some scholars a reference to the plague that devastated Athens in 430 BC, and hence a production date shortly thereafter. See, for example, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKnox1956" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Knox" title="Bernard Knox">Knox, Bernard</a> (1956). "The Date of the <i>Oedipus Tyrannus</i> of Sophocles". <i><a href="/wiki/American_Journal_of_Philology" title="American Journal of Philology">American Journal of Philology</a></i>. <b>77</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">133–</span>147. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F292475">10.2307/292475</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/292475">292475</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Philology&rft.atitle=The+Date+of+the+Oedipus+Tyrannus+of+Sophocles&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E133-%3C%2Fspan%3E147&rft.date=1956&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F292475&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F292475%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Knox&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOedipus+Rex" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bridgewater, William, ed. "tyrant". <i>The Columbia Encyclopedia</i>. Columbia University Press. (1963) p. 2188</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lloyd-Jones, Hugh. Introduction and trans. <i>Sophocles: Ajax, Electra, Oedipus Tyrannus</i>. By Sophocles. Loeb Classical Library ser. vol. 20. Harvard University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0674995574" title="Special:BookSources/978-0674995574">978-0674995574</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mulroy, David. trans. “Introduction”. Sophocles, <i>Oedipus Rex</i>. Univ of Wisconsin Press, (2011) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780299282530" title="Special:BookSources/9780299282530">9780299282530</a>. p. xxviii</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Aristotle: Poetics</i>. Edited and translated by St. Halliwell, (Loeb Classical Library), Harvard 1995</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBelfiore1992" class="citation book cs1">Belfiore, Elizabeth (1992). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/tragicpleasuresa0000belf"><i>Tragic Pleasures: Aristotle on Plot and Emotion</i></a></span>. Princeton. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/tragicpleasuresa0000belf/page/176">176</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780691068992" title="Special:BookSources/9780691068992"><bdi>9780691068992</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tragic+Pleasures%3A+Aristotle+on+Plot+and+Emotion&rft.place=Princeton&rft.pages=176&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=9780691068992&rft.aulast=Belfiore&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftragicpleasuresa0000belf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOedipus+Rex" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130524131651/http://art.thewalters.org/detail/7916">"Oedipus and the Sphinx"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Walters_Art_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="The Walters Art Museum">The Walters Art Museum</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://art.thewalters.org/detail/7916">the original</a> on 2013-05-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-09-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oedipus+and+the+Sphinx&rft.pub=The+Walters+Art+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fart.thewalters.org%2Fdetail%2F7916&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOedipus+Rex" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Powell_2015-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Powell_2015_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Powell_2015_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPowell2015" class="citation book cs1">Powell, Barry B. (2015). <i>Classical Myth</i>. with translations by Herbert M. Howe (8th ed.). Boston: Pearson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-321-96704-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-321-96704-6"><bdi>978-0-321-96704-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Classical+Myth&rft.place=Boston&rft.edition=8th&rft.pub=Pearson&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-321-96704-6&rft.aulast=Powell&rft.aufirst=Barry+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOedipus+Rex" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ahl, Frederick. <i>Two Faces of Oedipus: Sophocles' Oedipus Tyrannus and Seneca's Oedipus</i>. Cornell University Press, 2008. page 1. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780801473975" title="Special:BookSources/9780801473975">9780801473975</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201106015341/http://johnstoi.web.viu.ca//sophocles/oedipustheking.htm">"Johnston, Ian. "Background Notes", Vancouver Island University"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://records.viu.ca/~johnstoi/sophocles/oedipustheking.htm">the original</a> on 2020-11-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-03-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Johnston%2C+Ian.+%22Background+Notes%22%2C+Vancouver+Island+University&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frecords.viu.ca%2F~johnstoi%2Fsophocles%2Foedipustheking.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOedipus+Rex" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a>, in his <i><a href="/wiki/Histories_(Herodotus)" title="Histories (Herodotus)">Histories</a></i> (Book 1.32), attributes this maxim to <a href="/wiki/Solon" title="Solon">Solon</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athenian</a> statesman and <a href="/wiki/Culture_hero" title="Culture hero">lawgiver</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dawe, R.D. ed. 2006 <i>Sophocles:</i> Oedipus Rex<i>, revised edition.</i> Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. p.1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSmith2005" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Helaine (2005). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/masterpiecesclas00smit"><i>Masterpieces of Classic Greek Drama</i></a></span>. Greenwood. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/masterpiecesclas00smit/page/n14">1</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33268-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33268-5"><bdi>978-0-313-33268-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Masterpieces+of+Classic+Greek+Drama&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Greenwood&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-313-33268-5&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Helaine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmasterpiecesclas00smit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOedipus+Rex" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFThomas,_J.E.Osborne,_E.2004" class="citation book cs1">Thomas, J.E. & Osborne, E. (2004). <i>Oedipus Rex: Literary Touchstone Edition</i>. Prestwick House Inc. p. 69. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58049-593-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58049-593-6"><bdi>978-1-58049-593-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oedipus+Rex%3A+Literary+Touchstone+Edition&rft.pages=69&rft.pub=Prestwick+House+Inc.&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-58049-593-6&rft.au=Thomas%2C+J.E.&rft.au=Osborne%2C+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOedipus+Rex" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJebb,_R.C.2010" class="citation book cs1">Jebb, R.C. (July 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ofi9Ipq3YNMC&q=jebb+oedipus+rex+commentary&pg=PR18"><i>The Oedipus Tyrannus</i></a>. Read Books Design. p. v. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4460-3178-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4460-3178-0"><bdi>978-1-4460-3178-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oedipus+Tyrannus&rft.pages=v&rft.pub=Read+Books+Design&rft.date=2010-07&rft.isbn=978-1-4460-3178-0&rft.au=Jebb%2C+R.C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dofi9Ipq3YNMC%26q%3Djebb%2Boedipus%2Brex%2Bcommentary%26pg%3DPR18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOedipus+Rex" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWhitman,_C.1951" class="citation book cs1">Whitman, C. (1951). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sophoclesstudyof0000whit"><i>Sophocles</i></a></span>. Harvard University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sophoclesstudyof0000whit/page/123">123</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674821408" title="Special:BookSources/9780674821408"><bdi>9780674821408</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sophocles&rft.pages=123&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1951&rft.isbn=9780674821408&rft.au=Whitman%2C+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsophoclesstudyof0000whit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOedipus+Rex" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWhitman,_C.1951" class="citation book cs1">Whitman, C. (1951). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sophoclesstudyof0000whit"><i>Sophocles</i></a></span>. Harvard University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sophoclesstudyof0000whit/page/143">143</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674821408" title="Special:BookSources/9780674821408"><bdi>9780674821408</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sophocles&rft.pages=143&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1951&rft.isbn=9780674821408&rft.au=Whitman%2C+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsophoclesstudyof0000whit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOedipus+Rex" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHall,_E.1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Edith_Hall" title="Edith Hall">Hall, E.</a> (1994). "Introduction". <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/antigoneoedipusk00soph"><i>Sophocles: Antigone, Oedipus the King, Electra</i></a></span>. Oxford University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">xix–</span>xxii. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-282922-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-282922-X"><bdi>0-19-282922-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.btitle=Sophocles%3A+Antigone%2C+Oedipus+the+King%2C+Electra&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3Exix-%3C%2Fspan%3Exxii&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-19-282922-X&rft.au=Hall%2C+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fantigoneoedipusk00soph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOedipus+Rex" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKitto,_H.D.F1966" class="citation book cs1">Kitto, H.D.F (1966). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greektragedylite00kitt_372"><i>Greek Tragedy</i></a></span>. Routledge. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greektragedylite00kitt_372/page/n154">144</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-05896-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-05896-1"><bdi>0-415-05896-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Greek+Tragedy&rft.pages=144&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1966&rft.isbn=0-415-05896-1&rft.au=Kitto%2C+H.D.F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgreektragedylite00kitt_372&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOedipus+Rex" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-poiesis-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-poiesis_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-poiesis_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKitto,_H.D.F1966" class="citation book cs1">Kitto, H.D.F (1966). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/poiesisstructure0000kitt"><i>Poiesis</i></a></span>. University of California Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/poiesisstructure0000kitt/page/236">236</a>–242.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Poiesis&rft.pages=236-242&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1966&rft.au=Kitto%2C+H.D.F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpoiesisstructure0000kitt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOedipus+Rex" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Don_Nardo" title="Don Nardo">Don Nardo</a>, Greek and Roman Mythology, p 205.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas Wolfe, Arlyn Bruccoli, Matthew Joseph Bruccoli, O Lost: A Story of the Buried Life, p 460.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210723190040/https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2015/sep/02/michael-billington-101-greatest-plays">"From Oedipus to The History Boys: Michael Billington's 101 greatest plays"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 2 September 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2015/sep/02/michael-billington-101-greatest-plays">the original</a> on 23 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=From+Oedipus+to+The+History+Boys%3A+Michael+Billington%27s+101+greatest+plays&rft.btitle=The+Guardian&rft.date=2015-09-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fstage%2F2015%2Fsep%2F02%2Fmichael-billington-101-greatest-plays&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOedipus+Rex" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSmith2005" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Helaine (2005). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/masterpiecesclas00smit"><i>Masterpieces of Classic Greek Drama</i></a></span>. Greenwood. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/masterpiecesclas00smit/page/n95">82</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33268-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33268-5"><bdi>978-0-313-33268-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Masterpieces+of+Classic+Greek+Drama&rft.pages=82&rft.pub=Greenwood&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-313-33268-5&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Helaine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmasterpiecesclas00smit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOedipus+Rex" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See Dodds 1966; Mastronarde 1994, 19; Gregory 2005, 323.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thus Sir Richard Jebb in his <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0016%3Acommline%3D714">commentary</a>. Cf. Jeffrey Rusten's 1990 commentary.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Greece & Rome</i>, 2nd Ser., Vol. 13, No. 1 (Apr., 1966), pp. 37–49</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Strictly speaking, this is inaccurate: Oedipus himself sets these events in motion when he decides to investigate his parentage against the advice of Polybus and Merope.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brunner M. "King Oedipus Retried" Rosenberger & Krausz, London, 2001. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9536219-1-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-9536219-1-X">0-9536219-1-X</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Theodoridis, G. (2005). <i>Oedipus Rex (Oedipus Tyrannus, Tyrannos, King, Vasileus) Οιδίπους Τύραννος</i>. Retrieved from Bacchicstage: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://bacchicstage.wordpress.com/sophocles/oedipus-rex/">https://bacchicstage.wordpress.com/sophocles/oedipus-rex/</a> Note: this source is assumed as reliable, as it is provided in Powell (2015), a university-course-level textbook.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGlassbery2017" class="citation journal cs1">Glassbery, Roy (April 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fphl.2017.0013">"Uses of Hamartia, Flaw, and Irony in Oedipus Tyrannus and King Lear"</a>. <i>Philosophy and Literature</i>. <b>41</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">201–</span>206. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fphl.2017.0013">10.1353/phl.2017.0013</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:171691936">171691936</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philosophy+and+Literature&rft.atitle=Uses+of+Hamartia%2C+Flaw%2C+and+Irony+in+Oedipus+Tyrannus+and+King+Lear&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E201-%3C%2Fspan%3E206&rft.date=2017-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fphl.2017.0013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A171691936%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Glassbery&rft.aufirst=Roy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1353%252Fphl.2017.0013&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOedipus+Rex" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Johnston, Ian, ed. <i>Oedipus the King</i>. Saint Louis: Saint Louis Public Schools, 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.slps.org/site/handlers/filedownload.ashx?moduleinstanceid=22453&dataid=25126&FileName=Sophocles-Oedipus.pdf">https://www.slps.org/site/handlers/filedownload.ashx?moduleinstanceid=22453&dataid=25126&FileName=Sophocles-Oedipus.pdf</a> .</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRomm2017" class="citation book cs1">Romm, James (2017). <i>The Greek Plays</i>. Modern Library. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780812983098" title="Special:BookSources/9780812983098"><bdi>9780812983098</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Greek+Plays&rft.pub=Modern+Library&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9780812983098&rft.aulast=Romm&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOedipus+Rex" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Freud, S. 2010. <i>The Interpretation of Dreams</i>. New York: Basic Books. 978-0465019779.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fagles, Robert, “Introduction”. Sophocles. <i>The Three Theban Plays</i>. Penguin Classics (1984) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0140444254" title="Special:BookSources/978-0140444254">978-0140444254</a>. page 132</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dodds, E. R. “On Misunderstanding the Oedipus Rex”. <i>The Ancient Concept of Progress.</i> Oxford Press. (1973) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0198143772" title="Special:BookSources/978-0198143772">978-0198143772</a>. page 70</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChase1979" class="citation journal cs1">Chase, Cynthia (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/464700">"Oedipal Textuality: Reading Freud's Reading of Oedipus"</a>. <i>Diacritics</i>. <b>9</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">54–</span>68. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F464700">10.2307/464700</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0300-7162">0300-7162</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Diacritics&rft.atitle=Oedipal+Textuality%3A+Reading+Freud%27s+Reading+of+Oedipus&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E54-%3C%2Fspan%3E68&rft.date=1979&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F464700&rft.issn=0300-7162&rft.aulast=Chase&rft.aufirst=Cynthia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F464700&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOedipus+Rex" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStaude1976" class="citation journal cs1">Staude, John Raphael (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/656968">"From Depth Psychology to Depth Sociology: Freud, Jung, and Lévi-Strauss"</a>. <i>Theory and Society</i>. <b>3</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">303–</span>338. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF00159490">10.1007/BF00159490</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/656968">656968</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144353437">144353437</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-28</span></span>. <q>Levi-Strauss has noted how the Parsifal story is the reverse of the Oedipus Legend.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Theory+and+Society&rft.atitle=From+Depth+Psychology+to+Depth+Sociology%3A+Freud%2C+Jung%2C+and+L%C3%A9vi-Strauss&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E303-%3C%2Fspan%3E338&rft.date=1976&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144353437%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F656968%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF00159490&rft.aulast=Staude&rft.aufirst=John+Raphael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F656968&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOedipus+Rex" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ikonenmagazin.de/interview/Park.htm">"Sympathy for the Old Boy... An Interview with Park Chan Wook"</a> by Choi Aryong</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:2_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJowitt1998" class="citation cs2">Jowitt, Deborah (1998), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195173697.001.0001/acref-9780195173697-e-0718">"Graham, Martha"</a>, in Cohen, Selma Jeanne (ed.), <i>The International Encyclopedia of Dance</i>, Oxford University Press, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facref%2F9780195173697.001.0001">10.1093/acref/9780195173697.001.0001</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-517369-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-517369-7"><bdi>978-0-19-517369-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-11-11</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Graham%2C+Martha&rft.btitle=The+International+Encyclopedia+of+Dance&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Facref%2F9780195173697.001.0001&rft.isbn=978-0-19-517369-7&rft.aulast=Jowitt&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordreference.com%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Facref%2F9780195173697.001.0001%2Facref-9780195173697-e-0718&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOedipus+Rex" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:3_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFYaari2003" class="citation journal cs1">Yaari, Nurit (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/30221918">"Myth into Dance: Martha Graham's Interpretation of the Classical Tradition"</a>. <i>International Journal of the Classical Tradition</i>. <b>10</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">221–</span>242. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs12138-003-0009-x">10.1007/s12138-003-0009-x</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1073-0508">1073-0508</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/30221918">30221918</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:161604574">161604574</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+the+Classical+Tradition&rft.atitle=Myth+into+Dance%3A+Martha+Graham%27s+Interpretation+of+the+Classical+Tradition&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E221-%3C%2Fspan%3E242&rft.date=2003&rft.issn=1073-0508&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A161604574%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F30221918%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs12138-003-0009-x&rft.aulast=Yaari&rft.aufirst=Nurit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F30221918&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOedipus+Rex" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWagner2014" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Wagner, Renate (13 April 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinemerker.com/dvd-wolfgang-rihm-oedipus/">"DVD Wolfgang Rihm: OEDIPUS"</a>. <i>Online Merker</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Merker&rft.atitle=DVD+Wolfgang+Rihm%3A+OEDIPUS&rft.date=2014-04-13&rft.aulast=Wagner&rft.aufirst=Renate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonlinemerker.com%2Fdvd-wolfgang-rihm-oedipus%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOedipus+Rex" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kaggelaris, N. (2016), "Sophocles' Oedipus in Mentis Bostantzoglou's <i>Medea</i>" [in Greek] in Mastrapas, A. N. - Stergioulis, M. M. (eds.) <i> Seminar 42: Sophocles the great classic of tragedy </i>, Athens: Koralli, pp. 74- 81 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.academia.edu/30141685/%CE%9F_%CE%9F%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%AF%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%A3%CE%BF%CF%86%CE%BF%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%AE_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7_%CE%9C%CE%AE%CE%B4%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%83%CF%84_Sophocles_Oedipus_in_Mentis_Bostantzoglous_Medea_.pdf">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFThe_Chaser_Archive2011" class="citation cs2">The Chaser Archive (2011-10-13), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qrjgw2HSFI8&t=3m50s"><i>CNNNN - Season 2 Episode 10</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-02-14</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=CNNNN+-+Season+2+Episode+10&rft.date=2011-10-13&rft.au=The+Chaser+Archive&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Dqrjgw2HSFI8%26t%3D3m50s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOedipus+Rex" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFThe_Chaser_Archive2011" class="citation cs2">The Chaser Archive (2011-10-13), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qrjgw2HSFI8&t=16m32s"><i>CNNNN - Season 2 Episode 10</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-02-14</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=CNNNN+-+Season+2+Episode+10&rft.date=2011-10-13&rft.au=The+Chaser+Archive&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Dqrjgw2HSFI8%26t%3D16m32s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOedipus+Rex" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sophocles, Doerries. (2021). Oedipus Trilogy, New Versions of Oedipus the King, Oedipus at Colonus, Antigone: Vol. First Vintage books edition. Vintage.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oedipus_Rex&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Brunner, M. 2001. <i>King Oedipus Retried.</i> London: Rosenberger & Krausz.</li> <li>Cairns, D. L. 2013. "Divine and Human Action in the Oedipus Tyrannus." In <i>Tragedy and Archaic Greek Thought.</i> Edited by D. L. Cairns, 119–171. Swansea, UK: Classical Press of Wales.</li> <li>Coughanowr, Effie. 1997. "Philosophic Meaning in Sophocles' Oedipus Rex." <i>L'Antiquité Classique</i> 66: 55–74.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._E._Easterling" title="P. E. Easterling">Easterling, P. E.</a> 1989. "City Settings in Greek Poetry." <i>Proceedings of the Classical Association</i> 86:5–17.</li> <li>Edmunds, L. 2006. <i>Oedipus.</i> London and New York: Routledge.</li> <li>Finglass, P. J. 2009. "The Ending of Sophocles’ Oedipus Rex." <i>Philologus</i> 153:42–62.</li> <li>Goldhill, S. 2009. <i>Sophocles and the Language of Tragedy</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</li> <li>Halliwell, S. 1986. "Where Three Roads Meet: A Neglected Detail in the Oedipus Tyrannus." <i>Journal of Hellenic Studies</i> 106:187–190.</li> <li>Lawrence, S. 2008. "Apollo and his Purpose in Sophocles’ Oedipus Tyrannus." <i>Studia Humaniora Tartuensia</i> 9:1–18.</li> <li>Macintosh, F. 2009. <i>Sophocles: Oedipus Tyrannus.</i> Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press.</li> <li>Segal, C. P. 2001. <i>Oedipus Tyrannus: Tragic Heroism and the Limits of Knowledge.</i> 2d ed. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.</li> <li>Sommerstein, A. H. 2011. "Sophocles and the Guilt of Oedipus." <i>Cuadernos de Filología Clásica. Estudios griegos e indoeuropeos</i> 21:103–117.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oedipus_Rex&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/60px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/120px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Greek <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div lang="el" style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/el:%CE%9F%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%AF%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%82_%CE%A4%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%82" class="extiw" title="s:el:Οιδίπους Τύραννος">Οἰδίπους Τύραννος</a></b> </div></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Oedipus_Rex" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Oedipus Rex">Oedipus Rex</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about <br /> <b>Sophocles's Oedipus Rex</b> <hr /></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Oedipus+Rex&library=OLBP">Online books</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Oedipus+Rex">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Oedipus+Rex&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li> </ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/20px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> The full text of <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Oedipus_Rex_(Sophocles)" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Oedipus Rex (Sophocles)">Oedipus Rex</a> at Wikisource (multiple translations available)</li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://standardebooks.org/ebooks/sophocles/oedipus-rex/francis-storr">Oedipus Rex</a></i> at <a href="/wiki/Standard_Ebooks" title="Standard Ebooks">Standard Ebooks</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/searchresults?q=+at+tyrannus">Oedipus Tyrannus at Perseus Digital Library</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://search.leeds.ac.uk/search?q=cache:www.leeds.ac.uk/classics/resources/poetics/poet-ot.htm&output=xml_no_dtd&ie=UTF-8&client=corporate&proxystylesheet=corporate&site=default_collection">Aristotle's <i>Poetics</i>: Notes on Sophocles' <i>Oedipus</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180930000045/http://search.leeds.ac.uk/search?q=cache%3Awww.leeds.ac.uk%2Fclassics%2Fresources%2Fpoetics%2Fpoet-ot.htm&output=xml_no_dtd&ie=UTF-8&client=corporate&proxystylesheet=corporate&site=default_collection">Archived</a> 2018-09-30 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, cached version of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leeds.ac.uk/classics/resources/poetics/poet-ot.htm">the original</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070629133752/http://www.aug.edu/~nprinsky/Humn2001/oed-nq.htm">Background on Drama, Generally, and Applications to Sophocles' Play</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070503031917/http://www.temple.edu/classics/oedipus.html">Study Guide for Sophocles' <i>Oedipus the King</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://records.viu.ca/~johnstoi/sophocles/oedipustheking.htm"><i>Full text English translation of Oedipus the King by Ian Johnston, in verse</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110719200551/http://records.viu.ca/~johnstoi/sophocles/oedipustheking.htm">Archived</a> 2011-07-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://literapedia.wikispaces.com/Oedipus+the+King"><i>Oedipus the King</i> Book Notes</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080916233436/http://literapedia.wikispaces.com/Oedipus+the+King">Archived</a> 2008-09-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> from Literapedia</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/27673"><i>Oedipus the King</i></a> from <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/search?title=Oedipus+Rex&author=SOPHOCLES&reader=&keywords=&genre_id=0&status=all&project_type=either&recorded_language=&sort_order=catalog_date&search_page=1&search_form=advanced"><i>Oedipus Rex</i></a> public domain audiobook at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Plays_by_Sophocles51" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sophocles" title="Template:Sophocles"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sophocles" title="Template talk:Sophocles"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sophocles" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sophocles"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Plays_by_Sophocles51" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Plays by <a href="/wiki/Sophocles" title="Sophocles">Sophocles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Extant plays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ajax_(play)" title="Ajax (play)">Ajax</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Antigone_(Sophocles_play)" title="Antigone (Sophocles play)">Antigone</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Women_of_Trachis" title="Women of Trachis">Women of Trachis</a></i></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oedipus Rex</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Electra_(Sophocles_play)" title="Electra (Sophocles play)">Electra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Philoctetes_(Sophocles_play)" title="Philoctetes (Sophocles play)">Philoctetes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oedipus_at_Colonus" title="Oedipus at Colonus">Oedipus at Colonus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fragmentary plays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Amphiaraus_(play)" title="Amphiaraus (play)">Amphiaraus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amycos_Satyrykos" title="Amycos Satyrykos">Amycos Satyrykos</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Epigoni_(play)" title="Epigoni (play)">Epigoni</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ichneutae" title="Ichneutae">Ichneutae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Odysseus_Acanthoplex" title="Odysseus Acanthoplex">Odysseus Acanthoplex</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tereus_(play)" title="Tereus (play)">Tereus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Triptolemos_(play)" title="Triptolemos (play)">Triptolemos</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Kings_of_Thebes299" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Kings_of_Thebes" title="Template:Kings of Thebes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Kings_of_Thebes" title="Template talk:Kings of Thebes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kings_of_Thebes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kings of Thebes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kings_of_Thebes299" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Theban_kings_in_Greek_mythology" title="Theban kings in Greek mythology">Kings of Thebes</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calydnus" title="Calydnus">Calydnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogyges" title="Ogyges">Ogyges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadmus" title="Cadmus">Cadmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentheus" title="Pentheus">Pentheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polydorus_of_Thebes" class="mw-redirect" title="Polydorus of Thebes">Polydorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nycteus" title="Nycteus">Nycteus</a> (regent for Labdacus) and <a href="/wiki/Lycus_(Thebes)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lycus (Thebes)">Lycus I</a> (regent for Labdacus)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labdacus" title="Labdacus">Labdacus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycus_(Thebes)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lycus (Thebes)">Lycus I</a> (regent for Laius)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laius" title="Laius">Laius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphion_and_Zethus" title="Amphion and Zethus">Amphion and Zethus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laius" title="Laius">Laius</a> (second rule)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creon_of_Thebes" class="mw-redirect" title="Creon of Thebes">Creon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oedipus" title="Oedipus">Oedipus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creon_of_Thebes" class="mw-redirect" title="Creon of Thebes">Creon</a> (second rule) (regent for Eteocles and Polynices)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynices" title="Polynices">Polynices</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eteocles" title="Eteocles">Eteocles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creon_of_Thebes" class="mw-redirect" title="Creon of Thebes">Creon</a> (third rule) (regent for Laodamas)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycus_of_Euboea" class="mw-redirect" title="Lycus of Euboea">Lycus II</a> (usurper)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laodamas" title="Laodamas">Laodamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thersander" title="Thersander">Thersander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peneleos" title="Peneleos">Peneleos</a> (regent for Tisamenus)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tisamenus_(King_of_Thebes)" title="Tisamenus (King of Thebes)">Tisamenus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autesion" title="Autesion">Autesion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damasichthon_(King_of_Thebes)" title="Damasichthon (King of Thebes)">Damasichthon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_of_Thebes" title="Ptolemy of Thebes">Ptolemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xanthos_(King_of_Thebes)" class="mw-redirect" title="Xanthos (King of Thebes)">Xanthos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antigone_(Sophocles_play)" title="Antigone (Sophocles play)"><i>Antigone</i> (Sophocles)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antigone_(Euripides_play)" title="Antigone (Euripides play)"><i>Antigone</i> (Euripides play)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bacchae" title="The Bacchae">The Bacchae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Herakles_(Euripides)" title="Herakles (Euripides)">Herakles</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oedipus_(Euripides)" title="Oedipus (Euripides)">Oedipus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oedipus_at_Colonus" title="Oedipus at Colonus">Oedipus at Colonus</a></i></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oedipus Rex</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Phoenician_Women" title="The Phoenician Women">The Phoenician Women</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Seven_Against_Thebes" class="mw-redirect" title="Seven Against Thebes">Seven Against Thebes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Th%C3%A9ba%C3%AFde" title="La Thébaïde">La Thébaïde</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thebes,_Greece" title="Thebes, Greece">Thebes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necklace_of_Harmonia" title="Necklace of Harmonia">Necklace of Harmonia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Theban_kings" title="Category:Theban kings">Category:Theban kings</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/20px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/40px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Ancient_Greece" title="Portal:Ancient Greece">Portal:Ancient Greece</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Oedipus96" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Oedipus" title="Template:Oedipus"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Oedipus" title="Template talk:Oedipus"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Oedipus" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Oedipus"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Oedipus96" class="vcard" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Oedipus" title="Oedipus">Oedipus</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Titles and lineage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theban_kings_in_Greek_mythology" title="Theban kings in Greek mythology">Theban kings in Greek mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laius" title="Laius">Laius</a> (biological father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polybus_of_Corinth" title="Polybus of Corinth">Polybus of Corinth</a> (adoptive father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merope_(Oedipus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Merope (Oedipus)">Merope</a> (adoptive mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jocasta" title="Jocasta">Jocasta</a>/Epicaste (biological mother/wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creon_of_Thebes" class="mw-redirect" title="Creon of Thebes">Creon</a> (Jocasta's brother/Laius' successor)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antigone" title="Antigone">Antigone</a> (half sister/daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eteocles" title="Eteocles">Eteocles</a> (half brother/son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynices" title="Polynices">Polynices</a> (half brother/son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismene" title="Ismene">Ismene</a> (half sister/daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euryganeia" title="Euryganeia">Euryganeia</a> (2nd wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astymedusa" title="Astymedusa">Astymedusa</a> (later wife)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theban plays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Antiquity40" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antiquity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Aeschylus: <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Seven_Against_Thebes" class="mw-redirect" title="Seven Against Thebes">Seven Against Thebes</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Sophocles: <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Antigone_(Sophocles_play)" title="Antigone (Sophocles play)">Antigone</a></i></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oedipus Rex</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oedipus_at_Colonus" title="Oedipus at Colonus">Oedipus at Colonus</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Euripides: <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Antigone_(Euripides_play)" title="Antigone (Euripides play)">Antigone</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oedipus_(Euripides)" title="Oedipus (Euripides)">Oedipus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Phoenician_Women" title="The Phoenician Women">The Phoenician Women</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Seneca: <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Oedipus_(Seneca)" title="Oedipus (Seneca)">Oedipus</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other (Oedipus)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Oedipus_(Dryden_play)" title="Oedipus (Dryden play)">Oedipus</a></i> (Dryden & Lee)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oedipus_(Voltaire_play)" title="Oedipus (Voltaire play)">Oedipus</a></i> (Voltaire)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Infernal_Machine_(play)" title="The Infernal Machine (play)">The Infernal Machine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Greek_(play)" title="Greek (play)">Greek</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Gospel_at_Colonus" title="The Gospel at Colonus">The Gospel at Colonus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other (Antigone)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Antigone_(Cocteau_play)" class="mw-redirect" title="Antigone (Cocteau play)">Antigone</a></i> (Cocteau)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Antigone_(Anouilh_play)" title="Antigone (Anouilh play)">Antigone</a></i> (Anouilh)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Burial_at_Thebes" title="The Burial at Thebes">The Burial at Thebes</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antigona_(Traetta)" title="Antigona (Traetta)"><i>Antigona</i> (Traetta)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antigona_(Myslive%C4%8Dek)" title="Antigona (Mysliveček)"><i>Antigona</i> (Mysliveček)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%C5%92dipe_%C3%A0_Colone" title="Œdipe à Colone">Œdipe à Colone</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oedipus_rex_(opera)" title="Oedipus rex (opera)">Oedipus rex</a></i> (Stravinsky)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%C5%92dipe_(opera)" title="Œdipe (opera)">Œdipe</a></i> (Enescu)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Greek_(opera)" title="Greek (opera)">Greek</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Edipo_re_(opera)" title="Edipo re (opera)">Edipo re</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oedipus_(opera)" title="Oedipus (opera)">Oedipus</a></i> (Rihm)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Oedipus_Rex_(1957_film)" title="Oedipus Rex (1957 film)">Oedipus Rex</a></i> (1957)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Antigone_(1961_film)" title="Antigone (1961 film)">Antigone</a></i> (1961)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oedipus_Rex_(1967_film)" title="Oedipus Rex (1967 film)">Oedipus Rex</a></i> (1967)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oedipus_the_King_(1968_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Oedipus the King (1968 film)">Oedipus the King</a></i> (1968)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Funeral_Parade_of_Roses" title="Funeral Parade of Roses">Funeral Parade of Roses</a></i> (1969)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Butcher,_Baker,_Nightmare_Maker" title="Butcher, Baker, Nightmare Maker">Night Warning</a></i> (1982)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Voyager_(film)" title="Voyager (film)">Voyager</a></i> (1991)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oedipus_Mayor" title="Oedipus Mayor">Oedipus Mayor</a></i> (1996)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Antigone_(2019_film)" title="Antigone (2019 film)">Antigone</a></i> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Oedipodea" title="Oedipodea">Oedipodea</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thebaid_(Latin_poem)" title="Thebaid (Latin poem)">Thebaid</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theban_Cycle" title="Theban Cycle">Theban Cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lille_Stesichorus" title="Lille Stesichorus">Lille Stesichorus</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Gods_Are_Not_to_Blame" title="The Gods Are Not to Blame">The Gods Are Not to Blame</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oedipus_Tex" title="Oedipus Tex">Oedipus Tex</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Home_Fire_(novel)" title="Home Fire (novel)">Home Fire</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oedipus_complex" title="Oedipus complex">Oedipus complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electra_complex" title="Electra complex">Electra complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_views_on_the_Oedipus_complex" title="Feminist views on the Oedipus complex">Feminist views on the Oedipus complex</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hamlet_and_Oedipus" title="Hamlet and Oedipus">Hamlet and Oedipus</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jocasta_complex" title="Jocasta complex">Jocasta complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phaedra_complex" title="Phaedra complex">Phaedra complex</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_End_(The_Doors_song)" title="The End (The Doors song)">The End</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148643#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2776" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148643#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2776" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148643#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/274548550">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/200850817">2</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/313742544">3</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/2979154387339630970000">4</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/212067879">5</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/256242508">6</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4122542-9">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Sophocles. Oedipus Rex"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81058154">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb122068980">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb122068980">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="オイディプス王"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00627040">Japan</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35512874">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datos.bne.es/resource/XX3383612">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/1634281497342">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000731795&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810620940705606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=492/8292">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007594996905171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981060038073906706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027515486">IdRef</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/030706777">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Οἰδίπους Τύραννος"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/work/4f648f3a-cb66-4b1a-aa46-3b8b3f353598">MusicBrainz work</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oedipus_Rex&oldid=1281046498">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oedipus_Rex&oldid=1281046498</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Delphi_in_fiction" title="Category:Delphi in fiction">Delphi in fiction</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fiction_about_regicide" title="Category:Fiction about regicide">Fiction about regicide</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Plays_about_suicide" title="Category:Plays about suicide">Plays about suicide</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Greek_plays_adapted_into_films" title="Category:Greek plays adapted into films">Greek plays adapted into films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Plays_about_incest" title="Category:Plays about incest">Plays about incest</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fiction_about_patricide" title="Category:Fiction about patricide">Fiction about patricide</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Plays_adapted_into_operas" title="Category:Plays adapted into operas">Plays adapted into operas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Plays_based_on_classical_mythology" title="Category:Plays based on classical mythology">Plays based on classical mythology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Plays_by_Sophocles" title="Category:Plays by Sophocles">Plays by Sophocles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Plays_set_in_ancient_Greece" title="Category:Plays set in ancient Greece">Plays set in ancient Greece</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fiction_about_self-harm" title="Category:Fiction about self-harm">Fiction about self-harm</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Theban_mythology" title="Category:Theban mythology">Theban mythology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Plays_about_kings" title="Category:Plays about kings">Plays about kings</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">CS1 maint: location missing publisher</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)" title="Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)">CS1 German-language sources (de)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Ancient_Greek_(to_1453)-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text">Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Greek_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Greek IPA">Pages with Greek IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_March_2016" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from March 2016">Articles needing additional references from March 2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_September_2018" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from September 2018">Articles needing additional references from September 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_lacking_reliable_references_from_October_2024" title="Category:Articles lacking reliable references from October 2024">Articles lacking reliable references from October 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_lacking_reliable_references" title="Category:All articles lacking reliable references">All articles lacking reliable references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_October_2023" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from October 2023">Articles with unsourced statements from October 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_March_2020" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from March 2020">Articles with unsourced statements from March 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_LibriVox_links" title="Category:Articles with LibriVox links">Articles with LibriVox links</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 17 March 2025, at 23:52<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oedipus_Rex&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://www.wikimedia.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><i>Oedipus Rex</i></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>51 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-65585cc8dc-pjjb4","wgBackendResponseTime":192,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.992","walltime":"1.232","ppvisitednodes":{"value":8790,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":173460,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":10154,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":9,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":168033,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1046.800 1 -total"," 21.94% 229.694 1 Template:Reflist"," 11.78% 123.278 1 Template:Langx"," 8.74% 91.540 4 Template:Navbox"," 7.42% 77.698 5 Template:Cite_journal"," 7.27% 76.067 1 Template:Sophocles_Plays"," 6.81% 71.284 9 Template:ISBN"," 6.72% 70.296 5 Template:Ambox"," 6.38% 66.745 1 Template:Short_description"," 6.11% 63.972 1 Template:Authority_control"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.592","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":16814143,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-684955989f-pbpt2","timestamp":"20250331174244","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Oedipus Rex","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oedipus_Rex","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q148643","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q148643","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-09-19T18:32:17Z","dateModified":"2025-03-17T23:52:25Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/6\/69\/Oedipus.jpg","headline":"ancient Greek tragedy by Sophocles"}</script> </body> </html>