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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Dance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Language</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Language-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Language subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ewe_diaspora" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ewe_diaspora"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Ewe diaspora</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ewe_diaspora-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_ethnic_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_ethnic_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Related ethnic groups</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Related_ethnic_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_Ewe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_Ewe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notable Ewe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_Ewe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ewe people</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 36 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-36" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">36 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ewe_(volk)" title="Ewe (volk) – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ewe (volk)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%88%D9%8A" title="شعب الإوي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شعب الإوي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ewes" title="Ewes – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ewes" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aligbe" title="Aligbe – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Aligbe" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ewe" title="Ewe – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ewe" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ewe_(Ethnie)" title="Ewe (Ethnie) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ewe (Ethnie)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ew%C3%A9" title="Ewé – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ewé" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eveoj" title="Eveoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Eveoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ewe_(etnia)" title="Ewe (etnia) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ewe (etnia)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amewo_E%CA%8Be" title="Amewo Eʋe – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Amewo Eʋe" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ewe_(peuple)" title="Ewe (peuple) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ewe (peuple)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%90%EC%9B%A8%EC%A1%B1" title="에웨족 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="에웨족" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ewe" title="Ewe – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ewe" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Ewe" title="Orang Ewe – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Orang Ewe" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ewe_(popolo)" title="Ewe (popolo) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ewe (popolo)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%95%D7%94_(%D7%A7%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%94_%D7%90%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA)" title="אווה (קבוצה אתנית) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אווה (קבוצה אתנית)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%94_(%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%AE%E1%83%98)" title="ევე (ხალხი) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ევე (ხალხი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B2%D0%B5" title="Эве – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Эве" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waewe" title="Waewe – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Waewe" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eviai" title="Eviai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Eviai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ew%C3%A9k" title="Ewék – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ewék" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eve_(vahoaka)" title="Eve (vahoaka) – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Eve (vahoaka)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%89" title="شعب الاوى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="شعب الاوى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A7%E4%BA%BA" title="エウェ人 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エウェ人" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ewe_(folk)" title="Ewe (folk) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ewe (folk)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evelar" title="Evelar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Evelar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ewe" title="Ewe – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ewe" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jejes" title="Jejes – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jejes" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B2%D0%B5_(%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="Эве (народ) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эве (народ)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evejci" title="Evejci – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Evejci" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B5" title="Еве – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Еве" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ewe_(narod)" title="Ewe (narod) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ewe (narod)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ewet" title="Ewet – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ewet" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eweler" title="Eweler – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Eweler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B5_(%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="Еве (народ) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Еве (народ)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%BA" title="埃維人 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="埃維人" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q732317#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Ewe</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above nickname" style="font-size:115%; font-weight:normal;"><div><i>Eʋe, Eʋeawó</i></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Ewe_people.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_the_Ewe_people.svg/220px-Flag_of_the_Ewe_people.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_the_Ewe_people.svg/330px-Flag_of_the_Ewe_people.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_the_Ewe_people.svg/440px-Flag_of_the_Ewe_people.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="342" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Raccolte_Extraeuropee_-_Passar%C3%A9_00217_-_Statua_Ewe_-_Togo_Ghana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Raccolte_Extraeuropee_-_Passar%C3%A9_00217_-_Statua_Ewe_-_Togo_Ghana.jpg/220px-Raccolte_Extraeuropee_-_Passar%C3%A9_00217_-_Statua_Ewe_-_Togo_Ghana.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Raccolte_Extraeuropee_-_Passar%C3%A9_00217_-_Statua_Ewe_-_Togo_Ghana.jpg/330px-Raccolte_Extraeuropee_-_Passar%C3%A9_00217_-_Statua_Ewe_-_Togo_Ghana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Raccolte_Extraeuropee_-_Passar%C3%A9_00217_-_Statua_Ewe_-_Togo_Ghana.jpg/440px-Raccolte_Extraeuropee_-_Passar%C3%A9_00217_-_Statua_Ewe_-_Togo_Ghana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="533" data-file-height="800" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Ewe artwork</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 10.3 million</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a></th><td class="infobox-data">6 million</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a></th><td class="infobox-data">3.1 million</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Ewe_language" title="Ewe language">Ewe</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> (50%),<sup id="cite_ref-Shoup90_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shoup90-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/West_African_Vodun" class="mw-redirect" title="West African Vodun">West African Vodun</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gbe_languages" title="Gbe languages">Other Gbe peoples</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_people" title="Yoruba people">Yoruba</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ga-Adangbe_people" title="Ga-Adangbe people">GaDangme</a></li></ul></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/Fon_people" title="Fon people">Fon</a></li><li style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/Gen_language" title="Gen language">Gen</a></li><li style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/Phla%E2%80%93Pher%C3%A1_languages" title="Phla–Pherá languages">Phla Phera</a></li><li style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/Aja_people" title="Aja people">Aja</a></li><li style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/Ogu_people" title="Ogu people">Gun</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="background:#fff6d9"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#fee8ab">Person</th><td class="infobox-data">Eʋe</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#fee8ab">People</th><td class="infobox-data">Eʋeawó</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#fee8ab">Language</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ewe_language" title="Ewe language">Eʋegbě</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#fee8ab">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">Eʋenyígbá</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Ewe people</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="/./: syllable break">.</span><span title="'w' in 'wind'">w</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Ewe_language" title="Ewe language">Ewe</a>: <i lang="ee">Eʋeawó</i>, lit. "Ewe people"; or <i>Mono Kple Amu (Volta) Tɔ́sisiwo Dome</i>, lit. "Between the Rivers Mono and Volta"; <i>Eʋenyígbá</i> Eweland)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are a <a href="/wiki/Gbe_languages" title="Gbe languages">Gbe-speaking</a> ethnic group. The largest population of Ewe people is in <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a> (6.0 million),<sup id="cite_ref-Appiah2010p454_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Appiah2010p454-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the second largest population is in <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a> (3.1 million).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Minahan2002p589_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Minahan2002p589-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They speak the <a href="/wiki/Ewe_language" title="Ewe language">Ewe language</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ewe_language" title="Ewe language">Ewe</a>: <i lang="ee">Eʋegbe</i>) which belongs to the Gbe <a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">family of languages</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are related to other speakers of <a href="/wiki/Gbe_languages" title="Gbe languages">Gbe languages</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/Fon_people" title="Fon people">Fon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gen_language" title="Gen language">Gen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phla%E2%80%93Pher%C3%A1_languages" title="Phla–Pherá languages">Phla/Phera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ogu_people" title="Ogu people">Ogu/Gun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fon_language" title="Fon language">Maxi (Mahi)</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Aja_people" title="Aja people">Aja people</a> of <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ewe_people&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gbe_languages-es.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Gbe_languages-es.png/220px-Gbe_languages-es.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Gbe_languages-es.png/330px-Gbe_languages-es.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Gbe_languages-es.png/440px-Gbe_languages-es.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="340" /></a><figcaption>Ewe-speaking region (yellow).</figcaption></figure> <p>Ewe people are located primarily in the coastal regions of <a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">West Africa</a>: in the region south and east of the <a href="/wiki/Volta_River" title="Volta River">Volta River</a> to around the <a href="/wiki/Mono_River" title="Mono River">Mono River</a> at the border of Togo and Benin; and in the southwestern part of Nigeria (close to the Atlantic Ocean, stretching from the Nigeria and Benin border to Epe).<sup id="cite_ref-Shoup89_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shoup89-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are primarily found in the <a href="/wiki/Volta_Region" title="Volta Region">Volta Region</a> in southeastern <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a>, southern <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Appiah2010p454_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Appiah2010p454-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Ewe region is sometimes referred to as the Ewe nation or <i>Eʋedukɔ́</i> region (<a href="/wiki/Togoland" title="Togoland">Togoland</a> in colonial literature).<sup id="cite_ref-Minahan2002p589_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Minahan2002p589-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>They consist of several groups based on their dialect and geographic concentration: the Anlo Ewe, Ʋedome (Danyi), Tongu or Tɔŋu. The literary language has been the Anlo sub-branch.<sup id="cite_ref-Shoup89_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shoup89-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ewe_people&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Exodus_of_the_Ewe_from_Nots%C3%A9" title="Exodus of the Ewe from Notsé">Exodus of the Ewe from Notsé</a></div> <p>The Ewe people were formerly known as the Dogbo. The ancient history of the Ewe people is not recorded.<sup id="cite_ref-Appiah2010p454_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Appiah2010p454-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They may have migrated from a place vividly recalled in their oral history called <a href="/wiki/Ketu_(Benin)" title="Ketu (Benin)">Ketu</a> or <a href="/wiki/Amedzofe_(history)" title="Amedzofe (history)">Amedzofe (Amejofe)</a>, a town now in the republic of <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-AsanteMazama2009_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AsanteMazama2009-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Spieth2011_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spieth2011-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the region that is now the border between <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>; and then, because of invasions and wars in the 17th century, migrated into their current locations.<sup id="cite_ref-Minahan2002p589_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Minahan2002p589-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Shoup89_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shoup89-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Archaeological evidence suggests that the Ewe people likely had some presence in their current homelands at least as early as the 13th century. This evidence dates their dynamism to a much earlier period than previously believed.<sup id="cite_ref-Appiah2010p454_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Appiah2010p454-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, other evidence also suggests a period of turmoil, particularly when Yoruba warriors of the <a href="/wiki/Oyo_Empire" title="Oyo Empire">Oyo Empire</a> ruled the region. Their own oral tradition describes the brutal king Agɔ Akɔli (or <a href="/wiki/Togbe_Agorkoli" title="Togbe Agorkoli">Agor Akorli</a>) of <a href="/wiki/Nots%C3%A9" title="Notsé">Notsie</a> (a formerly walled town in Togo), estimated to have ruled in the 17th century. The highhandedness of King Agor Akorli culminated in the escape and dispersal of the Ewe to their present locations.<sup id="cite_ref-Appiah2010p454_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Appiah2010p454-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>They share a history with people who speak <a href="/wiki/Gbe_languages" title="Gbe languages">Gbe languages</a>. All Gbe speaking people regard the Adja as the mother tribe. These speakers occupied the area between Akan land and <a href="/wiki/Yorubaland" title="Yorubaland">Yorubaland</a>. Previously, some historians have tried to tie them to both Akan and Yoruba ethnic groups. More recent studies suggest these are distinct ethnic groups who are neither <a href="/wiki/Akan_people" title="Akan people">Akan</a> nor <a href="/wiki/Yoruba_people" title="Yoruba people">Yoruba</a>, though they appear to have both influenced and taken influence from those groups.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Ewe<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> people had cordial relations with pre-slave trade and pre-colonial era Europeans. However, in 1784, they warred with Danish colonial interests as Denmark attempted to establish coastal forts in the Ewe and Yoruba regions for its officials and merchants.<sup id="cite_ref-Shoup89_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shoup89-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nestled between powerful slave-trading kingdoms like the Asante, Dahomey and Oyo, the Ewes not only were victims of slave raiding and trade, but also sold their war captives to the Europeans.<sup id="cite_ref-Shoup89_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shoup89-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Venkatachalam2015p2_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Venkatachalam2015p2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Minahan2002p590_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Minahan2002p590-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After slavery was abolished and the slave trade brought to a halt, the Ewes flourished in their major economic activities of cotton and rice farming, palm oil and <a href="/wiki/Copra" title="Copra">copra</a> production and exports. Their region was divided between the colonial powers, initially between the German and British colonies, and after World War I, their territories were divided between the British and a British-French joint protectorate.<sup id="cite_ref-Shoup89_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shoup89-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After World War I, the British Togoland and French Togoland were respectively renamed Trans Volta Togoland and Togo. Trans Volta Togoland later voted in a United Nations-supervised plebiscite to join the newly independent Ghana. French Togoland was renamed the <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Republic of Togo</a> and gained independence from <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> on April 27, 1960. </p><p>There have been <a href="/wiki/Ewe_Unification_Movement" title="Ewe Unification Movement">efforts to consolidate the Ewe peoples</a> into one unified country since the colonial period, with many post-colonial leaders occasionally supporting their cause, but ultimately none has been successful. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:F%C3%A9tiche_Ew%C3%A9-Togo_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/F%C3%A9tiche_Ew%C3%A9-Togo_%282%29.jpg/220px-F%C3%A9tiche_Ew%C3%A9-Togo_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/F%C3%A9tiche_Ew%C3%A9-Togo_%282%29.jpg/330px-F%C3%A9tiche_Ew%C3%A9-Togo_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/F%C3%A9tiche_Ew%C3%A9-Togo_%282%29.jpg/440px-F%C3%A9tiche_Ew%C3%A9-Togo_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="5472" /></a><figcaption>Fétiche Ewé-Togo</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Agorkoli%2C_the_cause_of_Hogbetsotso.webm/220px--Agorkoli%2C_the_cause_of_Hogbetsotso.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="165" data-durationhint="678" data-mwtitle="Agorkoli,_the_cause_of_Hogbetsotso.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Agorkoli,_the_cause_of_Hogbetsotso.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7c/Agorkoli%2C_the_cause_of_Hogbetsotso.webm/Agorkoli%2C_the_cause_of_Hogbetsotso.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Agorkoli%2C_the_cause_of_Hogbetsotso.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="640" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7c/Agorkoli%2C_the_cause_of_Hogbetsotso.webm/Agorkoli%2C_the_cause_of_Hogbetsotso.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="192" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7c/Agorkoli%2C_the_cause_of_Hogbetsotso.webm/Agorkoli%2C_the_cause_of_Hogbetsotso.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7c/Agorkoli%2C_the_cause_of_Hogbetsotso.webm/Agorkoli%2C_the_cause_of_Hogbetsotso.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7c/Agorkoli%2C_the_cause_of_Hogbetsotso.webm/Agorkoli%2C_the_cause_of_Hogbetsotso.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Migration story of the Ewe people</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ewe_people&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Traditional_religion">Traditional religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ewe_people&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Traditional religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The sophisticated theology of the Ewe people is similar to those of nearby ethnic groups, such as the <a href="/wiki/Fon_people#Religion" title="Fon people">Fon religion</a>. This traditional Ewe religion is called <a href="/wiki/West_African_Vodun" class="mw-redirect" title="West African Vodun">Vodun</a>. The word is borrowed from the <a href="/wiki/Fon_language" title="Fon language">Fon language</a>, and means "spirit".<sup id="cite_ref-Shoup90_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shoup90-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Ewe religion holds <a href="/wiki/Mawu" title="Mawu">Mawu</a> as the creator God, who created numerous lesser deities (<i>trɔwo</i>) that serve as the spiritual vehicles and the powers that influence a person's destiny. This mirrors the Mawu and Lisa (Goddess and God) theology of the Fon religion, and like them, these are remote from daily affairs of the Ewe people. The lesser deities are believed to have means to grant favors or inflict harm.<sup id="cite_ref-Minahan2002p590_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Minahan2002p590-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Ewe have the concept of <i>Si</i>, which implies a "spiritual marriage" between the deity and the faithful. It is typically referred to as a suffix to a deity. Thus a <i>Fofie-si</i> refers to a faithful who has pledged to deity Fofie, just like a spouse would during a marriage.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ancestral spirits are important part of the Ewe traditional religion, and shared by a clan.<sup id="cite_ref-Minahan2002p590_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Minahan2002p590-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eglise_Saint-Augustin_de_Lom%C3%A9.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Eglise_Saint-Augustin_de_Lom%C3%A9.jpg/220px-Eglise_Saint-Augustin_de_Lom%C3%A9.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Eglise_Saint-Augustin_de_Lom%C3%A9.jpg/330px-Eglise_Saint-Augustin_de_Lom%C3%A9.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Eglise_Saint-Augustin_de_Lom%C3%A9.jpg/440px-Eglise_Saint-Augustin_de_Lom%C3%A9.jpg 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="398" /></a><figcaption>Eglise Saint-Augustin de Lomé was built in 1934 by the French.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Christianity">Christianity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ewe_people&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Christianity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Christianity arrived among the Ewe people with the colonial merchants and missionaries. Major missions were established after 1840, by European colonies. German Lutheran missionaries arrived in 1847.<sup id="cite_ref-Falola1210_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Falola1210-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their ideas were accepted in the coastal areas, and Germans named their region Togoland, or Togo meaning 'beyond the sea' in Ewe language. Germans lost their influence in World War I, their Christian missions were forced to leave the Togoland, and thereafter the French and British missionaries became more prominent among the Ewe people.<sup id="cite_ref-Minahan2002p590_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Minahan2002p590-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Falola1210_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Falola1210-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>About 89% of the Ewe population, particularly belonging to the coastal urban area, has converted to Christianity. However, they continue to practice the traditional rites and rituals of their ancestral religion.<sup id="cite_ref-Shoup90_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shoup90-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Minahan2002p590_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Minahan2002p590-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Society_and_culture">Society and culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ewe_people&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Society and culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ewe_kente_stripes,_Ghana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Ewe_kente_stripes%2C_Ghana.jpg/210px-Ewe_kente_stripes%2C_Ghana.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Ewe_kente_stripes%2C_Ghana.jpg/315px-Ewe_kente_stripes%2C_Ghana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Ewe_kente_stripes%2C_Ghana.jpg/420px-Ewe_kente_stripes%2C_Ghana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2810" data-file-height="2115" /></a><figcaption>Ewe <a href="/wiki/Kente_cloth" title="Kente cloth">kente cloth</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Ewe people are a <a href="/wiki/Patrilineal" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrilineal">patrilineal</a> people who live in towns, cities and villages that contain lineages. Each lineage is headed by the male elder. The male ancestors of Ewe are revered, and traditionally, families can trace male ancestors. The land owned by an Ewe family is considered an ancestral gift, and they do not sell this gift in any way.<sup id="cite_ref-Shoup89_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shoup89-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ewe people are notable for their fierce independence, and they have supported a decentralization of power within a village or through a large state. Decisions have been made by a collection of elders, and they have refused political support to wicked kings or leaders, after their experience with the powerful 17th century despot named Agokoli. Despite all their internal conflicts, they come together in times of war and external conflicts. In regional matters, the chief traditional priest has been the primary power.<sup id="cite_ref-Appiah2010p454_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Appiah2010p454-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In contemporary times, the Ewes have attempted to connect and build a common culture and language-driven identity across the three countries where they are commonly found.<sup id="cite_ref-Shoup90_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shoup90-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While the Ewe are patrilineal, women are traditionally the major merchants and traders, both at wholesale and retail level. "They deal in a wide variety of items, many of which are produced by men."<sup id="cite_ref-Shoup89_7-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shoup89-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another notable aspect of Ewe culture, as stated by ethnologists such as Rosenthal and Venkatachalam, is their refusal to blame others, their "deep distress and voluntary acceptance of guilt" for their ancestors' role in the slave trade. They have gone to extraordinary lengths to commemorate former slaves amidst them, and making the ancestors of the slaves to be revered deities as well.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ewe_people&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Ewe_music" title="Ewe music">Ewe music</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ewe_drumming" title="Ewe drumming">Ewe drumming</a></div> <p>The Ewes have developed a complex culture of music, closely integrated with their traditional religion. This includes <a href="/wiki/Ewe_drumming" title="Ewe drumming">Ewe drumming</a>. Ewes believe that if someone is a good drummer, it is because they inherited a spirit of an ancestor who was a good drummer.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Ewe music has many genres. One is <a href="/wiki/Agbekor" title="Agbekor">Agbekor</a>, which relates to songs and music around war. These cover the range of human emotions associated with the consequences of war, from courage and solidarity inspired by their ancestors, to the invincible success that awaits Ewe warriors, to death and grief of loss.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cross-rhythm drumming is a part of Ewe musical culture.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In general, Ewe drums are constructed like barrels with wooden staves and metal rings, or carved from a single log. They are played with sticks and hands, and often fulfill roles that are traditional to the family. The 'child' or 'baby brother' drum, <i>kagan</i>, usually plays on the off-beats in a repeated pattern that links directly with the bell and shaker ostinatos. The 'mother' drum, <i>kidi</i>, usually has a more active role in the accompaniment. It responds to the larger <i>sogo</i> or 'father' drum. The entire ensemble is led by the <i>atsimevu</i> or 'grandfather' drum, largest of the group.<sup id="cite_ref-Spieth_2011_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spieth_2011-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lyrical songs are more prevalent in the southern region. In the north, flutes and drums generally take the place of the singer's voice.<sup id="cite_ref-Spieth_2011_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spieth_2011-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dance">Dance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ewe_people&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Dance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Ewe_people" title="Special:EditPage/Ewe people">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2013</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Ewe have an intricate collection of dances, which vary between geographical regions and other factors. One such dance is the <b>Adevu</b> (Ade - hunting, Vu - dance). This is a professional dance that celebrates the hunter. They are meant both to make animals easier to hunt and to give animals a ritual "funeral" in order to prevent the animal's spirit from returning and harming the hunter. </p><p>Another dance, the <b><a href="/wiki/Agbadza" title="Agbadza">Agbadza</a></b>, is traditionally a war dance but is now used in social and recreational situations to celebrate peace. War dances are sometimes used as military training exercises, with signals from the lead drum ordering the warriors to move ahead, to the right, go down, etc. These dances also helped in preparing the warriors for battle and upon their return from fighting they would act out their deeds in battle through their movements in the dance. </p><p>The <b>Atsiagbekor</b> is a contemporary version of the Ewe war dance Atamga (Great (ga) Oath (atama) in reference to the oaths taken by people before proceeding into battle. The movements of this present-day version are mostly in platoon formation and are not only used to display battle tactics, but also to energize and invigorate the soldiers. Today, Atsiagbekor is performed for entertainment at social gatherings and at cultural presentations. </p><p>The <b>Atsia</b> dance, which is performed mostly by women, is a series of stylistic movements dictated to dancers by the lead drummer. Each dance movement has its own prescribed rhythmic pattern, which is synchronized with the lead drum. "Atsia" in the Ewe language means style or display. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bobobo_Dance_(21529728870).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Traditional Ewe dancers performing the Bobobo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Bobobo_Dance_%2821529728870%29.jpg/220px-Bobobo_Dance_%2821529728870%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Bobobo_Dance_%2821529728870%29.jpg/330px-Bobobo_Dance_%2821529728870%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Bobobo_Dance_%2821529728870%29.jpg/440px-Bobobo_Dance_%2821529728870%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Traditional Ewe dancers performing the bɔbɔbɔ</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Bobobo</b> (originally "Akpese") is said to have been developed by Francis Kojo Nuatro. He is thought to have been an ex-police officer who organized a group in the mid- to late 1940s. The dance has its roots from Wusuta and in the <a href="/wiki/Highlife_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Highlife music">Highlife music</a> popular across West African countries. Bobobo gained national recognition in the 1950s and 1960s because of its use at political rallies and the novelty of its dance formations and movements. It is generally performed at funerals and other social occasions. This is a social dance with a great deal of room for free expression. In general, the men sing and dance in the center while the women dance in a ring around them. There are "slow" and "fast" versions of Bobobo. The slow one is called Akpese and the fast one is termed Bobobo. </p><p><i>Agahu</i> is the name of a dance as well as one of the many secular music associations (clubs) of the Ewe people of Togo, Dahomey, and in the south-eastern part of the Volta Region. Each club (Gadzok, Takada, and Atsiagbeko are other such clubs) has its own distinctive drumming and dancing, as well as its own repertoire of songs. A popular social dance of West Africa, Agahu was created by the Egun speaking people from the town of Ketonu in what is now <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a>. From there it spread to the <a href="/wiki/Badagry" title="Badagry">Badagry</a> area of <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>, where inhabitants of the Ewe Settlement, mostly fishermen, heard and adapted it. In dancing the Agahu, two circles are formed; the men stay stationary with their arms out and then bend with a knee forward for the women to sit on. They progress around the circle until they arrive at their original partner. </p><p><b>Gbedzimido</b> is a war dance mostly performed by the people of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com.gh/maps/place/Mafi-Kumase+Proper/@6.2706428,0.5710185,15.22z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x1020d7b1d0acbb83:0xea22272fb049baa2!8m2!3d6.2731326!4d0.5742543">Mafi-Gborkofe</a> and Amegakope in the <a href="/wiki/Central_Tongu_(Ghana_parliament_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Tongu (Ghana parliament constituency)">Central Tongu district</a> of Ghana's <a href="/wiki/Volta_Region" title="Volta Region">Volta Region</a>. Gbedzimido has been transformed into a contemporary dance, and is usually seen only on very important occasions like the <a href="/wiki/Asafotu" title="Asafotu">Asafotu festival</a>, celebrated annually by the Tongu people around December. The dance is also performed at the funerals of highly-placed people in society, mostly men. Mafi-Gborkofe is a small farming village near <a href="/wiki/Mafi-Kumasi" title="Mafi-Kumasi">Mafi-Kumase</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gbedzimido.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Gbedzimido.jpg/220px-Gbedzimido.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Gbedzimido.jpg/330px-Gbedzimido.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Gbedzimido.jpg/440px-Gbedzimido.jpg 2x" data-file-width="809" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>A Gbedzimido dancer [entertainer] in his hand-made attire</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Gota</i> uses the mystical calabash drum of <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a>, West Africa. The calabash was originally called the "drum of the dead" and was played only at funerals. It is now performed for social entertainment. The most exciting parts of Gota are the synchronized stops of the drummers and dancers. </p><p><i>Tro-u</i> is ancestral drum music that is played to invite ancestors to special sacred occasions at a shrine. For religious purposes, a priest or priestess would be present. There are fast and slow rhythms that can be called by the religious leader in order to facilitate communication with the spirit world. The bell rhythm is played on a boat-shaped bell in the north, but the southern region uses a double bell. The three drums must have distinct pitch levels in order to lock in. </p><p><i>Sowu</i> is one of the seven different styles of drumming that belong to the cult of Yewe, adapted for stage. Yewe is the God of Thunder and lightning among the Ewe speaking people of Togo, Benin, and in south-eastern parts of the Volta Region. Yewe is a very exclusive cult and its music is one of the most developed forms of sacred music in Eweland. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ewe_people&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Ewe_people" title="Special:EditPage/Ewe people">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A key aspect of Ewe culture is a philosophy about how to interpret and educate oneself through life's events. The Ewe traditionally pass on generational wisdom through proverbs, many of which aim to contextualize the cultural reverence of life-long education. The traditional Ewe proverb which states "knowledge is like the Baobab Tree and no one can wrap the hands fully around it" exemplifies a profound appreciation of continual self-betterment, even if such a process will never realistically conclude within a natural lifetime.<sup id="cite_ref-Asabere14_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Asabere14-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the post-colonial era, the Ewe people have acquired renown among Africans for their pursuit of academia and higher education. Many Ewe people travel across the world to pursue their education at leading institutions, following the aforementioned cultural motivations to enhance their knowledge base, and status among other Ewes. Of those who pursue higher education, many Ewe people attain graduate degrees in technical fields such as finance, engineering and law. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Language">Language</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ewe_people&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ewe_language" title="Ewe language">Ewe language</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="background:#fff6d9"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Region between rivers <a href="/wiki/Mono_River" title="Mono River">Mono</a> and <a href="/wiki/Volta_River" title="Volta River">Volta</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#fee8ab">People</th><td class="infobox-data">Eʋeawo</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#fee8ab">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">Eʋegbe</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#fee8ab">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">Eʋedukɔ</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Ewe_people.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_the_Ewe_people.svg/220px-Flag_of_the_Ewe_people.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_the_Ewe_people.svg/330px-Flag_of_the_Ewe_people.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_the_Ewe_people.svg/440px-Flag_of_the_Ewe_people.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="342" /></a><figcaption>The flag of the Ewe people.<sup id="cite_ref-Minahan2002p589_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Minahan2002p589-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Ewe, also written Evhe, or Eʋe, is a major dialect cluster of Gbe or Tadoid (Capo 1991, Duthie 1996) spoken in the southern parts of the <a href="/wiki/Volta_Region" title="Volta Region">Volta Region</a>, in Ghana and across southern Togo,<sup id="cite_ref-Ghana_Web_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ghana_Web-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to the Togo-Benin border by about three million people. Ewe belongs to the Gbe family of Niger-Congo. Gbe languages are spoken in an area that extends predominantly from Togo, Benin and as far as Western Nigeria to Lower Weme.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ewe dialects vary. Groups of villages that are two or three kilometres apart use distinct varieties. Nevertheless, across the Ewe-speaking area, the dialects may be broadly grouped geographically into coastal or southern dialects, e.g., Aŋlɔ, Tɔŋú Avenor, Watsyi and inland dialects characterised indigenously as Ewedomegbe, e.g., Lomé, Danyi, and Kpele etc. (Agbodeka 1997, Gavua 2000, <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Ansre" title="Gilbert Ansre">Ansre</a> 2000). Speakers from different localities understand each other and can identify the peculiarities of the different areas. Additionally, there is a written standard that was developed in the nineteenth century based on the regional variants of the various sub-dialects with a high degree of coastal content. With it, a standard colloquial variety has also emerged (spoken usually with a local accent), and is used very widely in cross-dialectal contact sites such as schools, markets, and churches.<sup id="cite_ref-Spieth_2011_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spieth_2011-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The storytellers use a dialect of Aŋlɔ spoken in Seva. Their language is the spoken form and hence does not necessarily conform to the expectations of someone familiar with the standard dialect. For instance, they use the form yi to introduce relative clauses instead of the standard written si, and yia 'this' instead of the standard written sia. They sometimes also use subject markers on the verb agreeing with the lexical NP subject while this is not written in the standard. A distinctive feature of the Aŋlɔ dialect is that the sounds made in the area of the teeth ridge are palatalised when followed by a high vowel. For instance, the verb tsi 'become old' is pronounced "<span title="Ewe-language romanization"><i lang="ee-Latn">tsyi</i></span>" by the storyteller Kwakuga Goka.<sup id="cite_ref-Spieth_2011_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spieth_2011-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ewe_diaspora">Ewe diaspora</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ewe_people&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Ewe diaspora"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As the Ewe demographic is a sparse but contributing population in West Africa, there have been organizations such as CEANA and Central Ewe Association of North America which aim to fund and initiate development projects and schools in Eweland, comprising Ghana, Benin, and Togo. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_ethnic_groups">Related ethnic groups</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ewe_people&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Related ethnic groups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Closely related: <a href="/wiki/Gbe_languages" title="Gbe languages">Gbe</a> (Tadoid) languages-<a href="/wiki/Adja_language" title="Adja language">Adja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fon_people" title="Fon people">Fon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mahi_people" title="Mahi people">Mahi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pher%C3%A1_language" title="Pherá language">Phera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gun_language" title="Gun language">Gun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gen_language" title="Gen language">Gen</a>. </p><p>Adja is the original tribe, whence the rest of these—except for Gen—are descended. The 'Greater' Ewe ethnic group has further been considered to include the Gbe-speaking groups such as Gen, Phera, Mina, Adja, Ewe, Kotafon and Fon. Mina and Gen are mutually intelligible with Ewe and are regarded as dialects of Ewe. </p><p>Remotely related: <a href="/wiki/Yoruba_language" title="Yoruba language">Yoruba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ga%E2%80%93Dangme_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Ga–Dangme people">Ga-Dangme</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_Ewe">Notable Ewe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ewe_people&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notable Ewe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Category:Ewe_people" title="Category:Ewe people">Category:Ewe people</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sylvanus_Olympio" title="Sylvanus Olympio">Sylvanus Olympio</a> - First President of Republic of Togo</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_John_Rawlings" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerry John Rawlings">Jerry John Rawlings</a> - Former President of Ghana, longest term ruler of Ghana.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Kwasi_Kotoka" title="Emmanuel Kwasi Kotoka">Emmanuel Kwasi Kotoka</a> - Member of NLC after whom Ghana's Accra International Airport was named</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Kokou_Koffigoh" title="Joseph Kokou Koffigoh">Joseph Kokou Koffigoh</a> - Former Prime Minister of Togo</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edem_Kodjo" title="Edem Kodjo">Edem Kodjo</a> - Former Secretary General - Organisation of African Unity now Africa Union.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicephore_Soglo" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicephore Soglo">Nicephore Soglo</a> - Former President of Benin</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komla_Agbeli_Gbedemah" title="Komla Agbeli Gbedemah">Komla Agbeli Gbedemah</a> - Former Finance Minister of Ghana under Kwame Nkrumah</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Willie_Kofi_Harlley" title="John Willie Kofi Harlley">John Willie Kofi Harlley</a> - Former IGP under Kwame Nkrumah, Deputy chairman of NLC</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Deku" title="Anthony Deku">Anthony Deku</a> - Former IGP, Member of NLC</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bella_Bellow" title="Bella Bellow">Bella Bellow</a> - Togolese world acclaimed Musician. Composer of Blewu song performed by <a href="/wiki/Angelique_Kidjo" class="mw-redirect" title="Angelique Kidjo">Angelique Kidjo</a> when Donald Trump visited France in 2018.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willie_Klutse" title="Willie Klutse">Willie Klutse</a> - Ex- Ghanaian international footballer. Member of 1978 Blackstars Afcon winning team</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raphael_Armattoe#Research,_Science_and_Medicine" title="Raphael Armattoe">Dr Raphael Armattoe</a> - 1948 Nobel Prize Runner Up</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esther_Ocloo" class="mw-redirect" title="Esther Ocloo">Esther Ocloo</a> - First Ghanaian female industrialist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Gbeho" title="Philip Gbeho">Philip Gbeho</a> - Musician and Composer of Ghana's national anthem</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephraim_Amu" title="Ephraim Amu">Ephraim Amu</a> - Musician and composer of traditional African music. Composer of the popular Ghanaian patriotic song ‘Yen yera asase ni’( miade nyigba lorlor la)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Kwasi_Apaloo" title="Fred Kwasi Apaloo">Fred Kwasi Apaloo</a> - Former Chief Justice of Ghana. Former Chief Justice of Kenya</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kofi_Awoonor" title="Kofi Awoonor">Kofi Awoonor</a> - Poet, author, academic and diplomat. Former Ghana’s permanent representative to the United Nations</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Ruth_Jiagge" class="mw-redirect" title="Annie Ruth Jiagge">Annie Ruth Jiagge</a> - Lawyer, judge and women’s right activist. First woman judge of Ghana and the Commonwealth of Nations</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Dogboe" title="Isaac Dogboe">Isaac Dogboe</a> - Boxer, Former WBO junior featherweight holder</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monica_Amekoafia" title="Monica Amekoafia">Monica Amekoafia</a> - 1st Miss Ghana(Beauty Queen). The Volta Region is nicknamed Number 9 after her banner number.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Agbeko" title="Joseph Agbeko">Joseph Agbeko</a> - Boxer, Former IBF and IBO bantamweight title holder</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S3fa" title="S3fa">Sefadzi Abena Amesu</a> (S3fa), Ghanaian afrobeats / afro pop musician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_Metoyer" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie Thérèse Metoyer">Marie Thérèse Metoyer</a>, Businesswoman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Doe_Adjaho" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Doe Adjaho">Edward Doe Adjaho</a> - Former Speaker of Ghana Parliament</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junior_Agogo" title="Junior Agogo">Junior Agogo</a> Former Ghanaian Blackstars player who played in the English premier league</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cody_Gakpo" title="Cody Gakpo">Cody Gakpo</a> Dutch national team football player.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Djiku" title="Alexander Djiku">Alexander Djiku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Attipoe" title="Patrick Attipoe">Patrick Attipoe</a> - World War II veteran who in a bid to present a petition to the British colonial authority in Accra was killed with two others by Major Immray. This led to the Accra riots and expedited the independence of Ghana.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MzVee" title="MzVee">MzVee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M.anifest" title="M.anifest">M.anifest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EL_(rapper)" title="EL (rapper)">E.L.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonebwoy" title="Stonebwoy">Stonebwoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feli_Nuna" title="Feli Nuna">Feli Nuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernie_Hudson_Jr." title="Ernie Hudson Jr.">Ernie Hudson Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Amuzu" title="Francis Amuzu">Francis Amuzu</a> professional footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Atsu" title="Christian Atsu">Christian Atsu</a>, was a professional footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constance_Edjeani-Afenu" title="Constance Edjeani-Afenu">Constance Edjeani-Afenu</a> First female brigadier general of the Ghana Armed Forces and, posthumously, the first female major general.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Kwaku_Utuka" title="Edward Kwaku Utuka">Edward Kwaku Utuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seth_Anthony" title="Seth Anthony">Seth Anthony</a> First black African-born soldier to be commissioned as an officer in the British Army.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgil_Abloh" title="Virgil Abloh">Virgil Abloh</a> First-generation Ghanaian-American fashion designer, DJ and entrepreneur.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komla_Dumor" title="Komla Dumor">Komla Dumor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyaho_Nyaho-Tamakloe" title="Nyaho Nyaho-Tamakloe">Nyaho Nyaho-Tamakloe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Zormelo-Gorleku" title="Victoria Zormelo-Gorleku">Victoria Zormelo-Gorleku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Akafia" title="Ben Akafia">Ben Akafia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.K._Agama" title="G.K. Agama">G.K. Agama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kofi_Anyidoho" title="Kofi Anyidoho">Kofi Anyidoho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charity_Zormelo" title="Charity Zormelo">Charity Zormelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Kwasi_Fiawoo" title="Ferdinand Kwasi Fiawoo">Ferdinand Kwasi Fiawoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_K._D._Goka" title="Ferdinand K. D. Goka">Ferdinand K. D. Goka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Kwami&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Kwami (page does not exist)">Robert Kwami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Ba%C3%ABta" title="Christian Baëta">Christian Baëta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akua_Kuenyehia" title="Akua Kuenyehia">Akua Kuenyehia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Anatsui" title="El Anatsui">El Anatsui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsatsu_Tsikata" title="Tsatsu Tsikata">Tsatsu Tsikata</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Komla_Amoaku&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Komla Amoaku (page does not exist)">Komla Amoaku</a> - Center for World Music</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DEK_Amenumey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DEK Amenumey (page does not exist)">DEK Amenumey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnonnas_Pedro" title="Gnonnas Pedro">Gnonnas Pedro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_Sarbah" title="Mac Sarbah">Mac Sarbah</a> - Social entrepreneur and Innovator. Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) Leader within the Global Health Office of the President at the <a href="/wiki/Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation">Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ewe_people&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ewe_music" title="Ewe music">Ewe music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ewe_drumming" title="Ewe drumming">Ewe drumming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anlo_Ewe" title="Anlo Ewe">Anlo Ewe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avenor_Ewe" title="Avenor Ewe">Avenor Ewe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agbadza" title="Agbadza">Agbadza</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ewe_people&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Minahan2002p589-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Minahan2002p589_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Minahan2002p589_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Minahan2002p589_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Minahan2002p589_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Minahan2002p589_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFJames_Minahan2002" class="citation book cs1">James Minahan (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZfnWCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA589"><i>Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups Around the World A-Z</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. pp. <span class="nowrap">589–</span>590. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-07696-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-07696-1"><bdi>978-0-313-07696-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Stateless+Nations%3A+Ethnic+and+National+Groups+Around+the+World+A-Z&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E589-%3C%2Fspan%3E590&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-313-07696-1&rft.au=James+Minahan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZfnWCQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA589&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEwe+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shoup90-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shoup90_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shoup90_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shoup90_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shoup90_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_A._Shoup_III2011" class="citation book cs1">John A. Shoup III (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA89"><i>Ethnic Groups of Africa and the Middle East: An Encyclopedia: An Encyclopedia</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. p. 90. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-363-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-363-7"><bdi>978-1-59884-363-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ethnic+Groups+of+Africa+and+the+Middle+East%3A+An+Encyclopedia%3A+An+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=90&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-59884-363-7&rft.au=John+A.+Shoup+III&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGN5yv3-U6goC%26pg%3DPA89&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEwe+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uni-koeln.de/phil-fak/afrikanistik/down/publikationen/basic_ewe.pdf">Basic Ewe for foreign students</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120917000001/http://www.uni-koeln.de/phil-fak/afrikanistik/down/publikationen/basic_ewe.pdf">Archived</a> 2012-09-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, p. 206.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Appiah2010p454-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Appiah2010p454_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Appiah2010p454_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Appiah2010p454_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Appiah2010p454_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Appiah2010p454_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Appiah2010p454_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnthony_AppiahHenry_Louis_Gates2010" class="citation book cs1">Anthony Appiah; Henry Louis Gates (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=A0XNvklcqbwC&pg=PA454"><i>Encyclopedia of Africa</i></a>. Oxford University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">454–</span>455. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-533770-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-533770-9"><bdi>978-0-19-533770-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Africa&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E454-%3C%2Fspan%3E455&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-19-533770-9&rft.au=Anthony+Appiah&rft.au=Henry+Louis+Gates&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DA0XNvklcqbwC%26pg%3DPA454&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEwe+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/ghana/">Ghana</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210109003331/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/ghana/">Archived</a> 2021-01-09 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, CIA Factbook</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/ewe">Éwé: A Language of Ghana</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200414130830/https://www.ethnologue.com/language/ewe">Archived</a> 2020-04-14 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Ethnologue</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shoup89-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shoup89_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shoup89_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shoup89_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shoup89_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shoup89_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shoup89_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shoup89_7-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shoup89_7-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_A._Shoup_III2011" class="citation book cs1">John A. Shoup III (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA89"><i>Ethnic Groups of Africa and the Middle East: An Encyclopedia: An Encyclopedia</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. pp. <span class="nowrap">89–</span>90. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-363-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-363-7"><bdi>978-1-59884-363-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ethnic+Groups+of+Africa+and+the+Middle+East%3A+An+Encyclopedia%3A+An+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E89-%3C%2Fspan%3E90&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-59884-363-7&rft.au=John+A.+Shoup+III&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGN5yv3-U6goC%26pg%3DPA89&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEwe+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AsanteMazama2009-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AsanteMazama2009_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKete_AsanteMazama2009" class="citation book cs1">Kete Asante, Molefi; Mazama, Ama (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=B667ATiedQkC"><i>Encyclopedia of African Religion</i></a>. SAGE. p. 250. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4129-3636-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4129-3636-1"><bdi>978-1-4129-3636-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+African+Religion&rft.pages=250&rft.pub=SAGE&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-4129-3636-1&rft.aulast=Kete+Asante&rft.aufirst=Molefi&rft.au=Mazama%2C+Ama&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DB667ATiedQkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEwe+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Spieth2011-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Spieth2011_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJakob_Spieth2011" class="citation book cs1">Jakob Spieth (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4DYoDZcB8hoC"><i>Ewe-Stämme</i></a>. African Books Collective. p. 36. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9988-647-90-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-9988-647-90-2"><bdi>978-9988-647-90-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ewe-St%C3%A4mme&rft.pages=36&rft.pub=African+Books+Collective&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-9988-647-90-2&rft.au=Jakob+Spieth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4DYoDZcB8hoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEwe+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Flash of the Spirit: African & Afro-American Art & Philosophy, Robert Farris Thompson</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Translating the Devil: Religion and Modernity Among the Ewe in Ghana, <a href="/wiki/Birgit_Meyer" title="Birgit Meyer">Birgit Meyer</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://celebritiesbuzzgh.com/history-here-is-why-all-ewes-are-proud-to-be-called-number-9/">"History: Here Is Why All Ewes Are Proud To Be Called Number 9"</a>. CelebritiesBuzzGh. 28 September 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925005446/https://celebritiesbuzzgh.com/history-here-is-why-all-ewes-are-proud-to-be-called-number-9/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History%3A+Here+Is+Why+All+Ewes+Are+Proud+To+Be+Called+Number+9&rft.pub=CelebritiesBuzzGh&rft.date=2019-09-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcelebritiesbuzzgh.com%2Fhistory-here-is-why-all-ewes-are-proud-to-be-called-number-9%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEwe+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Venkatachalam2015p2-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Venkatachalam2015p2_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeera_Venkatachalam2015" class="citation book cs1">Meera Venkatachalam (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fulBCgAAQBAJ"><i>Slavery, Memory and Religion in Southeastern Ghana, c. 1850–Present</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">2–</span>8, <span class="nowrap">16–</span>17. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-316-36894-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-316-36894-7"><bdi>978-1-316-36894-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Slavery%2C+Memory+and+Religion+in+Southeastern+Ghana%2C+c.+1850%E2%80%93Present&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E2-%3C%2Fspan%3E8%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E16-%3C%2Fspan%3E17&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-316-36894-7&rft.au=Meera+Venkatachalam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfulBCgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEwe+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Minahan2002p590-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Minahan2002p590_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Minahan2002p590_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Minahan2002p590_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Minahan2002p590_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Minahan2002p590_14-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_Minahan2002" class="citation book cs1">James Minahan (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZfnWCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA589"><i>Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups Around the World A-Z</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. pp. <span class="nowrap">590–</span>591. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-07696-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-07696-1"><bdi>978-0-313-07696-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Stateless+Nations%3A+Ethnic+and+National+Groups+Around+the+World+A-Z&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E590-%3C%2Fspan%3E591&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-313-07696-1&rft.au=James+Minahan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZfnWCQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA589&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEwe+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeera_Venkatachalam2015" class="citation book cs1">Meera Venkatachalam (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fulBCgAAQBAJ"><i>Slavery, Memory and Religion in Southeastern Ghana, c. 1850–Present</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. pp. 3 with note 3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-316-36894-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-316-36894-7"><bdi>978-1-316-36894-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Slavery%2C+Memory+and+Religion+in+Southeastern+Ghana%2C+c.+1850%E2%80%93Present&rft.pages=3+with+note+3&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-316-36894-7&rft.au=Meera+Venkatachalam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfulBCgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEwe+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Falola1210-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Falola1210_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Falola1210_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFToyin_FalolaDaniel_Jean-Jacques2015" class="citation book cs1">Toyin Falola; Daniel Jean-Jacques (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YjoVCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1210"><i>Africa: An Encyclopedia of Culture and Society</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. p. 1210. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-666-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-666-9"><bdi>978-1-59884-666-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Africa%3A+An+Encyclopedia+of+Culture+and+Society&rft.pages=1210&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-59884-666-9&rft.au=Toyin+Falola&rft.au=Daniel+Jean-Jacques&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYjoVCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA1210&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEwe+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeera_Venkatachalam2015" class="citation book cs1">Meera Venkatachalam (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fulBCgAAQBAJ"><i>Slavery, Memory and Religion in Southeastern Ghana, c. 1850–Present</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">7–</span>8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-316-36894-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-316-36894-7"><bdi>978-1-316-36894-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Slavery%2C+Memory+and+Religion+in+Southeastern+Ghana%2C+c.+1850%E2%80%93Present&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E7-%3C%2Fspan%3E8&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-316-36894-7&rft.au=Meera+Venkatachalam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfulBCgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEwe+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeff_Todd_TitonTimothy_J._CooleyDavid_Locke2009" class="citation book cs1">Jeff Todd Titon; Timothy J. Cooley; David Locke; et al. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NYMBss__MmgC"><i>Worlds of Music: An Introduction to the Music of the World's Peoples, Shorter Version</i></a>. Cengage. pp. <span class="nowrap">73–</span>78, <span class="nowrap">83–</span>84. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-495-57010-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-495-57010-3"><bdi>978-0-495-57010-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Worlds+of+Music%3A+An+Introduction+to+the+Music+of+the+World%27s+Peoples%2C+Shorter+Version&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E73-%3C%2Fspan%3E78%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E83-%3C%2Fspan%3E84&rft.pub=Cengage&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-495-57010-3&rft.au=Jeff+Todd+Titon&rft.au=Timothy+J.+Cooley&rft.au=David+Locke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNYMBss__MmgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEwe+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVictor_Kofi_Agawu1995" class="citation book cs1">Victor Kofi Agawu (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-aFOAAAAIAAJ"><i>African Rhythm Hardback with Accompanying CD: A Northern Ewe Perspective</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">200–</span>202. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-48084-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-48084-0"><bdi>978-0-521-48084-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=African+Rhythm+Hardback+with+Accompanying+CD%3A+A+Northern+Ewe+Perspective&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E200-%3C%2Fspan%3E202&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-521-48084-0&rft.au=Victor+Kofi+Agawu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-aFOAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEwe+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Spieth_2011-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Spieth_2011_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Spieth_2011_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Spieth_2011_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Spieth_2011_20-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpieth2011" class="citation book cs1">Spieth, Jakob (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4DYoDZcB8hoC&q=Ewe+people"><i>Ewe-Stämme</i></a>. African Books Collective. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9988-647-90-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-9988-647-90-2"><bdi>978-9988-647-90-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220407191225/https://books.google.com/books?id=4DYoDZcB8hoC&q=Ewe+people">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-04-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-10-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ewe-St%C3%A4mme&rft.pub=African+Books+Collective&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-9988-647-90-2&rft.aulast=Spieth&rft.aufirst=Jakob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4DYoDZcB8hoC%26q%3DEwe%2Bpeople&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEwe+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Asabere14-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Asabere14_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsabere-Ameyaw2014" class="citation book cs1">Asabere-Ameyaw, Akwa (1 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brill.com/view/title/37126"><i>Indigenist African Development and Related Issues: Towards a Transdisciplinary Perspective</i></a>. Brill. p. 94. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9462096585" title="Special:BookSources/978-9462096585"><bdi>978-9462096585</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220324103853/https://brill.com/view/title/37126">Archived</a> from the original on 24 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indigenist+African+Development+and+Related+Issues%3A+Towards+a+Transdisciplinary+Perspective&rft.pages=94&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2014-01-01&rft.isbn=978-9462096585&rft.aulast=Asabere-Ameyaw&rft.aufirst=Akwa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbrill.com%2Fview%2Ftitle%2F37126&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEwe+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ghana_Web-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ghana_Web_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/tribes/ewe.php">"Ewe"</a>. <i>Ghana Web</i>. Ghana Web. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140816134341/http://ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/tribes/ewe.php">Archived</a> from the original on 16 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ghana+Web&rft.atitle=Ewe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ghanaweb.com%2FGhanaHomePage%2Ftribes%2Fewe.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEwe+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ancestry.com/dna/ethnicity/benin-togo">"Ethnicity Facts for Benin & Togo - AncestryDNA"</a>. <i>www.ancestry.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201013012834/https://www.ancestry.com/dna/ethnicity/benin-togo">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-10-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-05-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ancestry.com&rft.atitle=Ethnicity+Facts+for+Benin+%26+Togo+-+AncestryDNA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ancestry.com%2Fdna%2Fethnicity%2Fbenin-togo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEwe+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ewe_people&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4DYoDZcB8hoC">The Ewe People</a>, Jakob Spieth (1906), A German Togo colony record</li> <li>Ewe (Heritage Library of African Peoples) by E. Ofori Akyea</li> <li>A handbook of Eweland: Volume I, edited by Francis Agbodeka</li> <li>A Handbook of Eweland: Volume II, edited by Kodzo Gavua</li> <li>The Ewe of Togo and Benin, A handbook of Eweland Volume III</li> <li>Eʋe Dukɔ ƒe Blemanyawo, Eŋlɔla: Charles Kɔmi Kudzɔdzi (Papavi Hogbedetɔ)</li> <li>African Rhythm: A Northern Ewe Perspective by Kofi Agawu</li> <li>Gahu: Traditional Social Music of the Ewe People</li> <li>Kpegisu: A War Drum of the Ewe by Godwin Agbeli</li> <li>Gahu: Traditional Social Music of Ewe People</li> <li>Amegbetɔa alo Agbezuge ƒe ŋutinya</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ewe_people&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Eẃe"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/E%E1%BA%83e">"Eẃe" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 40.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=E%E1%BA%83e&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=40&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEwe+people" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDzobo1997" class="citation book cs1">Dzobo, N.K. (1997) [1973]. <i>African proverbs: the moral value of Ewe proverbs. Guide to conduct</i> (ebook, revised ed.). Cape Coast, Ghana: University of Cape Coast, Faculty of Education. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/604717619">604717619</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=African+proverbs%3A+the+moral+value+of+Ewe+proverbs.+Guide+to+conduct&rft.place=Cape+Coast%2C+Ghana&rft.edition=ebook%2C+revised&rft.pub=University+of+Cape+Coast%2C+Faculty+of+Education&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F604717619&rft.aulast=Dzobo&rft.aufirst=N.K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEwe+people" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCottrell2007" class="citation book cs1">Cottrell, Anna (2007). <i>Once Upon a Time in Ghana: Traditional Ewe Stories Retold in English</i>. Troubador Publishing Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-906221-58-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-906221-58-4"><bdi>978-1-906221-58-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Once+Upon+a+Time+in+Ghana%3A+Traditional+Ewe+Stories+Retold+in+English&rft.pub=Troubador+Publishing+Ltd&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-906221-58-4&rft.aulast=Cottrell&rft.aufirst=Anna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEwe+people" class="Z3988"></span> — Traditional Ewe stories retold, in English</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 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aria-labelledby="Ethnic_groups_in_Benin62" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic groups in Benin"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethnic_groups_in_Benin62" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Benin#Ethnic_groups" title="Demographics of Benin">Ethnic groups in Benin</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aja_people" title="Aja people">Aja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akan_people" title="Akan people">Akan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ana_people" title="Ana people">Ana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bariba_people" title="Bariba people">Bariba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dendi_people" title="Dendi people">Dendi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ewe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anlo_Ewe" title="Anlo Ewe">Anlo Ewe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fon_people" title="Fon people">Fon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fula_people" title="Fula people">Fula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurma_people" title="Gurma people">Gurma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hausa_people" title="Hausa people">Hausa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurtey_people" title="Kurtey people">Kurtey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamba_people" title="Lamba people">Lamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabye_people" title="Kabye people">Kabye (Lokpa)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahi_people" title="Mahi people">Mahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somba_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Somba people">Somba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tammari_people" title="Tammari people">Tammari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9m" class="mw-redirect" title="Tém">Tém</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_people" title="Yoruba people">Yoruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarma_people" title="Zarma people">Zarma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ethnic_groups_in_Ghana83" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethnic_groups_of_Ghana" title="Template:Ethnic groups of Ghana"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethnic_groups_of_Ghana" title="Template talk:Ethnic groups of Ghana"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic_groups_of_Ghana" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic groups of Ghana"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethnic_groups_in_Ghana83" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Category:Ethnic_groups_in_Ghana" title="Category:Ethnic groups in Ghana">Ethnic groups in Ghana</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indigenous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adele_people" title="Adele people">Adele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agave_people" title="Agave people">Agave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akan_people" title="Akan people">Akan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abidji_people" title="Abidji people">Abidji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahafo" title="Ahafo">Ahafo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akyem" title="Akyem">Akyem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anyi_people" title="Anyi people">Anyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahanta_people" title="Ahanta people">Ahanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asante_people" title="Asante people">Ashanti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assin" title="Assin">Assin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avatime_people" title="Avatime people">Avatime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bono_people" title="Bono people">Bono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evalue_people" title="Evalue people">Evalue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fante_people" title="Fante people">Fante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nzema_people" title="Nzema people">Nzema</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moba_people" title="Moba people">Bimoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bissa_people" title="Bissa people">Bissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chumburu" title="Chumburu">Chumburu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yeji" title="Yeji">Yeji</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagaaba_people" title="Dagaaba people">Dagaaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagomba_people" title="Dagomba people">Dagomba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyula_people" title="Dyula people">Dyula</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ewe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anlo_Ewe" title="Anlo Ewe">Anlo Ewe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avenor_Ewe" title="Avenor Ewe">Avenor Ewe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frafra_people" title="Frafra people">Frafra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ga-Adangbe_people" title="Ga-Adangbe people">Ga-Adangbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guang_people" title="Guang people">Guang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Efutu_people" title="Efutu people">Efutu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonja_people" title="Gonja people">Gonja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyode_people" title="Kyode people">Kyode</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurunsi_people" title="Gurunsi people">Gurunsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakhanke" title="Jakhanke">Jakhanke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kassena" title="Kassena">Kassena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konkomba_people" title="Konkomba people">Konkomba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krobo_people" title="Krobo people">Krobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kusasi_people" title="Kusasi people">Kusasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logba_people" title="Logba people">Logba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamprusi_people" title="Mamprusi people">Mamprusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nafana_people" title="Nafana people">Nafana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallensi" title="Tallensi">Tallensi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tem_people" title="Tem people">Tem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tshi" title="Tshi">Tshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wala_people" title="Wala people">Wala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_people" title="Yoruba people">Yoruba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-indigenous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hausa_people" title="Hausa people">Hausa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fula_people" title="Fula people">Fula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mossi_people" title="Mossi people">Mossi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soninke_people" title="Soninke people">Soninke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarma_people" title="Zarma people">Zarma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Ghana" title="African Americans in Ghana">African Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_Arabs" title="Ghanaian Arabs">Arabs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Ghana" title="Chinese people in Ghana">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Coast_Euro-Africans" title="Gold Coast Euro-Africans">Gold Coast Euro-Africans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_Indian" title="Ghanaian Indian">Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabom_people" title="Tabom people">Tabom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Demographics_of_Togo24" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Togo" title="Template:Ethnic groups in Togo"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethnic_groups_in_Togo" title="Template talk:Ethnic groups in Togo"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Togo" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic groups in Togo"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Demographics_of_Togo24" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Togo" title="Demographics of Togo">Demographics of Togo</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adele_people" title="Adele people">Adele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agome_(people)" class="mw-redirect" title="Agome (people)">Agome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aja_people" title="Aja people">Aja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ana_people" title="Ana people">Ana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bissa_people" title="Bissa people">Bissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dendi_people" title="Dendi people">Dendi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ewe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fula_people" title="Fula people">Fula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ga-Adangbe_people" title="Ga-Adangbe people">Ga-Adangbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurma_people" title="Gurma people">Gurma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hausa_people" title="Hausa people">Hausa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabye_people" title="Kabye people">Kabye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kposo_people" title="Kposo people">Kposo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamba_people" title="Lamba people">Lamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Losso_people" title="Losso people">Losso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamprusi_people" title="Mamprusi people">Mamprusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tem_people" title="Tem people">Tem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_people" title="Yoruba people">Yoruba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output 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