CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Catfish - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"538750d4-426c-4f4b-9ed1-721bdca97e30","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Catfish","wgTitle":"Catfish","wgCurRevisionId":1280377718,"wgRevisionId":1280377718,"wgArticleId":47335,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages","Use dmy dates from August 2020","Articles with 'species' microformats","Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2007","All articles containing potentially dated statements","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from March 2020","Articles containing Indonesian-language text","Articles containing Japanese-language text","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Taxonbars with 20–24 taxon IDs","Siluriformes","Edible fish","Commercial fish","Ostariophysi","Late Cretaceous fish","Extant Late Cretaceous first appearances","Taxa named by Georges Cuvier","Soul food","Native American cuisine"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Catfish","wgRelevantArticleId":47335,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":["sysop"],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":70000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q59576","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.21"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Ameiurus_melas_by_Duane_Raver.png/1200px-Ameiurus_melas_by_Duane_Raver.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="511"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Ameiurus_melas_by_Duane_Raver.png/960px-Ameiurus_melas_by_Duane_Raver.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="341"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="273"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Catfish - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catfish"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Catfish&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catfish"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Catfish rootpage-Catfish skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Catfish" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Catfish" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Catfish" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Catfish" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Taxonomy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taxonomy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Taxonomy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Taxonomy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Taxonomy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Taxonomy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Phylogeny" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phylogeny"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Phylogeny</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phylogeny-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ecology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ecology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ecology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Ecology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ecology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Distribution_and_habitat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distribution_and_habitat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Distribution and habitat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distribution_and_habitat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-As_invasive_species" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_invasive_species"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>As invasive species</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_invasive_species-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Physical_characteristics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Physical_characteristics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Physical characteristics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Physical_characteristics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Physical characteristics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Physical_characteristics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-External_anatomy_of_catfish" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_anatomy_of_catfish"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>External anatomy of catfish</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_anatomy_of_catfish-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Size" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Size"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Size</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Size-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Internal_anatomy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internal_anatomy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Internal anatomy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internal_anatomy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Communication" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Communication"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Communication</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Communication-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economic_importance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_importance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economic importance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economic_importance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economic importance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economic_importance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Aquaculture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aquaculture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Aquaculture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aquaculture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Catfish_as_food" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catfish_as_food"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Catfish as food</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catfish_as_food-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mythology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mythology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Mythology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mythology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dangers_to_humans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dangers_to_humans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Dangers to humans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dangers_to_humans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Catfish_fishing_records" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catfish_fishing_records"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Catfish fishing records</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catfish_fishing_records-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Catfish</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 73 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-73" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">73 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siluriformes" title="Siluriformes – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Siluriformes" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%83%D9%84" title="سلوريات الشكل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سلوريات الشكل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siluriformes" title="Siluriformes – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Siluriformes" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naxakimil%C9%99r" title="Naxakimilər – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Naxakimilər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9B" title="মাগুর মাছ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মাগুর মাছ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Сомападобныя – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сомападобныя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hito_(catfish)" title="Hito (catfish) – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Hito (catfish)" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siluriformes" title="Siluriformes – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Siluriformes" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siluriformes" title="Siluriformes – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Siluriformes" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumci" title="Sumci – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sumci" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muramba" title="Muramba – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Muramba" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malle" title="Malle – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Malle" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welsartige" title="Welsartige – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Welsartige" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A1ghaa%C5%82%C3%B3%C3%B3%CA%BC" title="Dághaałóóʼ – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Dághaałóóʼ" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A4galised" title="Sägalised – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Sägalised" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%8C%CF%88%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BF" title="Γατόψαρο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γατόψαρο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siluriformes" title="Siluriformes – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Siluriformes" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katfi%C5%9Do" title="Katfiŝo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Katfiŝo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siluriforme" title="Siluriforme – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Siluriforme" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="گربه‌ماهی‌سانان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گربه‌ماهی‌سانان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siluriformes" title="Siluriformes – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Siluriformes" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siluriformes" title="Siluriformes – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Siluriformes" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siluriformes" title="Siluriformes – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Siluriformes" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sangot" title="Sangot – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="Sangot" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A9%94%EA%B8%B0%EB%AA%A9" title="메기목 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="메기목" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6" title="केटफिश – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="केटफिश" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somovke" title="Somovke – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Somovke" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siluriformes" title="Siluriformes – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Siluriformes" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granar" title="Granar – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Granar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siluriformes" title="Siluriformes – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Siluriformes" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9D" title="שפמנונאים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שפמנונאים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%86_%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%81" title="ಮೀಸೆ ಮೀನು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮೀಸೆ ಮೀನು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itu" title="Itu – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Itu" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%B2%DB%8C%D9%90%D8%AF_%DA%AF%D8%A7%DA%88" title="نٲیِد گاڈ – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="نٲیِد گاڈ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Didongo" title="Didongo – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Didongo" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siluriformes" title="Siluriformes – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Siluriformes" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samveid%C4%ABg%C4%81s" title="Samveidīgās – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Samveidīgās" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0ama%C5%BEuv%C4%97s" title="Šamažuvės – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Šamažuvės" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harcsaalak%C3%BAak" title="Harcsaalakúak – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Harcsaalakúak" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B3%E0%A4%BE" title="शिंगळा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="शिंगळा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%83%D9%84" title="سلوريات الشكل – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سلوريات الشكل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keli" title="Keli – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Keli" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A0ng-t%C3%A1ik" title="Tàng-táik – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Tàng-táik" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meervalachtigen" title="Meervalachtigen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Meervalachtigen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8A%E3%83%9E%E3%82%BA%E7%9B%AE" title="ナマズ目 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ナマズ目" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maller" title="Maller – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Maller" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mallefisk" title="Mallefisk – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Mallefisk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siluriformes" title="Siluriformes – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Siluriformes" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumokszta%C5%82tne" title="Sumokształtne – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sumokształtne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siluriformes" title="Siluriformes – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Siluriformes" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siluriforme" title="Siluriforme – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Siluriforme" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paqris" title="Paqris – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Paqris" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5" title="Сомообразные – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сомообразные" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catfish" title="Catfish – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Catfish" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8_(%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4)" title="Сомови (ред) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Сомови (ред)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barski_som" title="Barski som – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Barski som" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monnikalat" title="Monnikalat – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Monnikalat" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malartade_fiskar" title="Malartade fiskar – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Malartade fiskar" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hito" title="Hito – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Hito" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81" title="கெளிறு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கெளிறு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%9A%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%AA" title="పిల్లి చేప – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పిల్లి చేప" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87" title="อันดับปลาหนัง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อันดับปลาหนัง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%A7%E1%8E%B5%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%93%E1%8E%BE%E1%8E%B5" title="ᏧᎵᏍᏓᎾᎵ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏧᎵᏍᏓᎾᎵ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C8%A6xeoh%C5%8Dva" title="Ȧxeohōva – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Ȧxeohōva" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedi_bal%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Kedi balığı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kedi balığı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoot" title="Zoot – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Zoot" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B1%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Сомоподібні – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сомоподібні" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BB%99_C%C3%A1_da_tr%C6%A1n" title="Bộ Cá da trơn – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bộ Cá da trơn" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siluriformes" title="Siluriformes – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Siluriformes" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B2%87%E5%BD%A2%E7%9B%AE" title="鲇形目 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="鲇形目" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AF%B0%E9%AD%9A" title="鯰魚 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="鯰魚" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B2%87%E5%BD%A2%E7%9B%AE" title="鲇形目 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="鲇形目" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gombui" title="Gombui – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Gombui" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q59576#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Catfish" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Catfish" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Catfish"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catfish&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catfish&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Catfish"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catfish&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catfish&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Catfish" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Catfish" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catfish&oldid=1280377718" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catfish&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Catfish&id=1280377718&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCatfish"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCatfish"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Catfish&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catfish&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Siluriformes" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Siluriformes" hreflang="en"><span>Wikispecies</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibooks mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Catfish" hreflang="en"><span>Wikibooks</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q59576" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Order of fish</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the deceptive online actions by one to another, see <a href="/wiki/Catfishing" title="Catfishing">Catfishing</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the fish. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Catfish_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Catfish (disambiguation)">Catfish (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Kaari" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Kaari_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Kaari (disambiguation)">Kaari (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Catfish<br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">Temporal range: <span class="noprint"><span style="display:inline-block;"></span><span style="display:inline-block;">Campanian–Present</span><sup id="cite_ref-NT24_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NT24-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span style="display:inline-block;"></span><div id="Timeline-row" style="margin: 4px auto 0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:18px; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap; border:1px #666; border-style:solid none; position:relative; z-index:0; font-size:97%;"> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; left:0px; width:207.23076923077px; padding-left:5px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(254,217,106); background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1));"><a href="/wiki/Precambrian" title="Precambrian">PreꞒ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,160,86); left:37.636923076923px; width:17.583076923077px;"><a href="/wiki/Cambrian" title="Cambrian">Ꞓ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(0,146,112); left:55.22px; width:14.807692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Ordovician" title="Ordovician">O</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(179,225,182); left:70.027692307692px; width:7.9470769230769px;"><a href="/wiki/Silurian" title="Silurian">S</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(203,140,55); left:77.974769230769px; width:20.564923076923px;"><a href="/wiki/Devonian" title="Devonian">D</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(103,165,153); left:98.539692307692px; width:20.294153846154px;"><a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" title="Carboniferous">C</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(240,64,40); left:118.83384615385px; width:15.907015384615px;"><a href="/wiki/Permian" title="Permian">P</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(129,43,146); left:134.74086153846px; width:17.092984615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">T</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(52,178,201); left:151.83384615385px; width:19.732307692308px;"><a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">J</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,198,78); left:171.56615384615px; width:26.095384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">K</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(253,154,82); left:197.66153846154px; width:14.540307692308px;"><a href="/wiki/Paleogene" title="Paleogene">Pg</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,230,25); left:212.20184615385px; width:6.9249230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Neogene" title="Neogene">N</a></div> <div id="end-border" style="position:absolute; height:100%; background-color:#666; width:1px; left:219px"></div><div style="margin:0 auto; line-height:0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:8px; overflow:visible; background-color:transparent; position:relative; top:-4px; z-index:100;"><div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:191.70461538462px; width:28.295384615385px; background-color:#360; opacity:0.42;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:191.70461538462px; width:28.295384615385px; background-color:#360; opacity:1;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:6px; top:1px; left:192.70461538462px; width:26.295384615385px; background-color:#6c3;"></div> </div> </div></span><small>Possible earlier <a href="/wiki/Late_Cretaceous" title="Late Cretaceous">Late Cretaceous</a> records<sup id="cite_ref-Patterson1993_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Patterson1993-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Afrocascudo_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Afrocascudo-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ameiurus_melas_by_Duane_Raver.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Ameiurus_melas_by_Duane_Raver.png/250px-Ameiurus_melas_by_Duane_Raver.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Ameiurus_melas_by_Duane_Raver.png/500px-Ameiurus_melas_by_Duane_Raver.png 1.5x" data-file-width="2278" data-file-height="970" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%"><a href="/wiki/Black_bullhead" title="Black bullhead">Black bullhead</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Siluriformes" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Actinopterygii" title="Actinopterygii">Actinopterygii</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>(unranked): </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Otophysi" class="mw-redirect" title="Otophysi">Otophysi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Siluriformes</a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Georges_Cuvier" title="Georges Cuvier">G. Cuvier</a>, 1817</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Type_species" title="Type species">Type species</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><i><a href="/wiki/Silurus_glanis" class="mw-redirect" title="Silurus glanis">Silurus glanis</a></i><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Linnaeus</a>, 1758</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Families<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <p><b>Extant families:</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ailiidae" title="Ailiidae">Ailiidae</a><sup id="cite_ref-Wang2016_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wang2016-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akysidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Akysidae">Akysidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amblycipitidae" title="Amblycipitidae">Amblycipitidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphiliidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Amphiliidae">Amphiliidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anchariidae" title="Anchariidae">Anchariidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariidae" title="Ariidae">Ariidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspredinidae" title="Aspredinidae">Aspredinidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astroblepidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Astroblepidae">Astroblepidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auchenipteridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Auchenipteridae">Auchenipteridae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austroglanididae" class="mw-redirect" title="Austroglanididae">Austroglanididae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagridae" title="Bagridae">Bagridae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callichthyidae" title="Callichthyidae">Callichthyidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cetopsidae" title="Cetopsidae">Cetopsidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chacidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Chacidae">Chacidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clariidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Clariidae">Clariidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claroteidae" title="Claroteidae">Claroteidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cranoglanididae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cranoglanididae">Cranoglanididae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ictaluridae" title="Ictaluridae">Ictaluridae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malapteruridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Malapteruridae">Malapteruridae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mochokidae" title="Mochokidae">Mochokidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nematogenyiidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Nematogenyiidae">Nematogenyiidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pangasiidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Pangasiidae">Pangasiidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pimelodidae" title="Pimelodidae">Pimelodidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plotosidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Plotosidae">Plotosidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudopimelodidae" title="Pseudopimelodidae">Pseudopimelodidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schilbeidae" title="Schilbeidae">Schilbeidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scoloplacidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Scoloplacidae">Scoloplacidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siluridae" title="Siluridae">Siluridae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisoridae" title="Sisoridae">Sisoridae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trichomycteridae" title="Trichomycteridae">Trichomycteridae</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Incertae_sedis" title="Incertae sedis">incertae sedis</a></i>: <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Conorhynchos" title="Conorhynchos">Conorhynchos</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> <p><b>Extinct family:</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andinichthyidae" title="Andinichthyidae">Andinichthyidae</a><a href="/wiki/Extinction" title="Extinction">†</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachmanniidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Bachmanniidae">Bachmanniidae</a><a href="/wiki/Extinction" title="Extinction">†</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypsidoridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypsidoridae">Hypsidoridae</a></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><b>Catfish</b> (or <b>catfishes</b>; <a href="/wiki/Order_(biology)" title="Order (biology)">order</a> <b>Siluriformes</b> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/lj/: 'l' in 'lute'">lj</span><span title="/ʊər/: 'our' in 'tour'">ʊər</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span><span title="/ɔːr/: 'ar' in 'war'">ɔːr</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span></span>/</a></span></span> or <b>Nematognathi</b>) are a diverse group of <a href="/wiki/Ray-finned_fish" class="mw-redirect" title="Ray-finned fish">ray-finned fish</a>. Named for their prominent <a href="/wiki/Barbel_(anatomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbel (anatomy)">barbels</a>, which resemble a <a href="/wiki/Cat" title="Cat">cat</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Whisker" class="mw-redirect" title="Whisker">whiskers</a>, catfish range in size and behavior from the three largest species alive, the <a href="/wiki/Mekong_giant_catfish" title="Mekong giant catfish">Mekong giant catfish</a> from <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Wels_catfish" title="Wels catfish">wels catfish</a> of <a href="/wiki/Eurasia" title="Eurasia">Eurasia</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Pira%C3%ADba" class="mw-redirect" title="Piraíba">piraíba</a> of <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Detritivore" title="Detritivore">detritivores</a> (species that eat dead material on the bottom), and even to a tiny <a href="/wiki/Parasitic" class="mw-redirect" title="Parasitic">parasitic</a> species commonly called the <a href="/wiki/Candiru_(fish)" title="Candiru (fish)">candiru</a>, <i>Vandellia cirrhosa</i>. Neither the armour-plated types nor the naked types have scales. Despite their name, not all catfish have prominent barbels or "whiskers". Members of the Siluriformes order are defined by features of the skull and <a href="/wiki/Swimbladder" class="mw-redirect" title="Swimbladder">swimbladder</a>. Catfish are of considerable commercial importance; many of the larger species are <a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_of_catfish" title="Aquaculture of catfish">farmed</a> or fished for food. Many of the smaller species, particularly the genus <i><a href="/wiki/Corydoras" title="Corydoras">Corydoras</a></i>, are important in the <a href="/wiki/Aquarium_hobby" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquarium hobby">aquarium hobby</a>. Many catfish are <a href="/wiki/Nocturnal" class="mw-redirect" title="Nocturnal">nocturnal</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-aworld_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aworld-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-samer_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-samer-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but others (many <a href="/wiki/Auchenipteridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Auchenipteridae">Auchenipteridae</a>) are <a href="/wiki/Crepuscular" class="mw-redirect" title="Crepuscular">crepuscular</a> or <a href="/wiki/Diurnality" title="Diurnality">diurnal</a> (most <a href="/wiki/Loricariidae" title="Loricariidae">Loricariidae</a> or <a href="/wiki/Callichthyidae" title="Callichthyidae">Callichthyidae</a>, for example). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomy">Taxonomy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catfish&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Taxonomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Molecular evidence suggests that in spite of the great morphological diversity in the order, all catfish form a <a href="/wiki/Monophyletic" class="mw-redirect" title="Monophyletic">monophyletic</a> group.<sup id="cite_ref-Sullivan_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sullivan-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Catfish belong to a superorder called the <a href="/wiki/Ostariophysi" title="Ostariophysi">Ostariophysi</a>, which also includes the <a href="/wiki/Cypriniformes" title="Cypriniformes">Cypriniformes</a> (carps and minnows), <a href="/wiki/Characiformes" title="Characiformes">Characiformes</a> (characins and tetras), <a href="/wiki/Gonorynchiformes" title="Gonorynchiformes">Gonorynchiformes</a> (milkfish and beaked salmons) and <a href="/wiki/Gymnotiformes" title="Gymnotiformes">Gymnotiformes</a> (South American knifefish), a superorder characterized by the <a href="/wiki/Weberian_apparatus" title="Weberian apparatus">Weberian apparatus</a>. Some place Gymnotiformes as a sub-order of Siluriformes; however, this is not as widely accepted. Currently, the Siluriformes are said to be the <a href="/wiki/Sister_group" title="Sister group">sister group</a> to the Gymnotiformes, though this has been debated due to more recent molecular evidence.<sup id="cite_ref-Nelson_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nelson-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2007<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catfish&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> there were about thirty-six <a href="/wiki/Extant_taxon" class="mw-redirect" title="Extant taxon">extant</a> catfish families, and about 3,093 extant species have been described.<sup id="cite_ref-ferraris_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ferraris-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This makes the catfish order the second or third most diverse <a href="/wiki/Vertebrate" title="Vertebrate">vertebrate</a> order; in fact, one out of every twenty vertebrate species is a catfish.<sup id="cite_ref-tol_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tol-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Catfish are believed to have a <a href="/wiki/Gondwana" title="Gondwana">Gondwanan</a> origin primarily centered around South America, as the most <a href="/wiki/Basal_(phylogenetics)" title="Basal (phylogenetics)">basal</a> living catfish groups are known from there. The earliest known definitive members lived in the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Campanian" title="Campanian">Campanian</a> to <a href="/wiki/Maastrichtian" title="Maastrichtian">Maastrichtian</a> stages of the <a href="/wiki/Late_Cretaceous" title="Late Cretaceous">Late Cretaceous</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Andinichthyidae" title="Andinichthyidae">Andinichthyidae</a>, <i>Vorhisia vulpes</i> and possibly <i><a href="/wiki/Arius_(fish)" title="Arius (fish)">Arius</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-NT24_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NT24-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cavin2017_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cavin2017-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A potential fossil record is known from the earlier <a href="/wiki/Coniacian" title="Coniacian">Coniacian</a>-<a href="/wiki/Santonian" title="Santonian">Santonian</a> stages in <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a> of <a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">West Africa</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Patterson1993_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Patterson1993-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though this has been considered unreliable,<sup id="cite_ref-Cavin2017_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cavin2017-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the putative earliest <a href="/wiki/Loricariidae" title="Loricariidae">armored catfish</a> known from the fossil record, <i><a href="/wiki/Afrocascudo" title="Afrocascudo">Afrocascudo</a></i>, lived during the <a href="/wiki/Cenomanian" title="Cenomanian">Cenomanian</a> age of the <a href="/wiki/Late_Cretaceous" title="Late Cretaceous">Late Cretaceous</a> in <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> of <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kem_Kem_Group" title="Kem Kem Group">Kem Kem Group</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Afrocascudo_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Afrocascudo-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The describers of <i>Afrocascudo</i> claimed that the presence of a derived loricariid so early on would indicate the extensive diversification of catfish, or at least loricarioids, prior to the beginning of the Late Cretaceous. As extant loricariids are only known from South America, much of this diversification must have occurred on the supercontinent of <a href="/wiki/Gondwana" title="Gondwana">West Gondwana</a> prior to its fragmentation into South America and Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-Afrocascudo_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Afrocascudo-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Britz and colleagues suggested that <i>Afrocascudo</i> instead represents a juvenile <a href="/wiki/Obaichthyidae" title="Obaichthyidae">obaichthyid</a> <a href="/wiki/Lepisosteiformes" title="Lepisosteiformes">lepisosteiform</a>, possibly a junior synonym of <i>Obaichthys</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The authors of the original study still stood by their original conclusion based on the absence of important <a href="/wiki/Holostei" title="Holostei">holostean</a> characters, and noted that it could not be a juvenile, since the bones were completely ossified.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Blue_catfish_skeleton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Blue_catfish_skeleton.jpg/220px-Blue_catfish_skeleton.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Blue_catfish_skeleton.jpg/330px-Blue_catfish_skeleton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Blue_catfish_skeleton.jpg/440px-Blue_catfish_skeleton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="5184" /></a><figcaption>Blue catfish (<i><a href="/wiki/Blue_catfish" title="Blue catfish">Ictalurus furcatus</a>)</i> skeleton on display at the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Osteology" title="Museum of Osteology">Museum of Osteology</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The taxonomy of catfish is quickly changing. In a 2007 and 2008 paper, <i><a href="/wiki/Horabagrus" title="Horabagrus">Horabagrus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Phreatobius" title="Phreatobius">Phreatobius</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Conorhynchos" title="Conorhynchos">Conorhynchos</a></i> were not classified under any current catfish families.<sup id="cite_ref-ferraris_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ferraris-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is disagreement on the family status of certain groups; for example, Nelson (2006) lists Auchenoglanididae and Heteropneustidae as separate families, while the All Catfish Species Inventory (ACSI) includes them under other families. <a href="/wiki/FishBase" title="FishBase">FishBase</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">Integrated Taxonomic Information System</a> lists Parakysidae as a separate family, while this group is included under <a href="/wiki/Akysidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Akysidae">Akysidae</a> by both Nelson (2006) and ACSI.<sup id="cite_ref-Nelson_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nelson-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many sources do not list the recently revised family <a href="/wiki/Anchariidae" title="Anchariidae">Anchariidae</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Anchariidae_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anchariidae-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The family <a href="/wiki/Horabagridae" title="Horabagridae">Horabagridae</a>, including <i>Horabagrus</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Pseudeutropius" title="Pseudeutropius">Pseudeutropius</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Platytropius" title="Platytropius">Platytropius</a></i>, is not shown by some authors but presented by others as a true group.<sup id="cite_ref-Sullivan_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sullivan-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, the actual number of families differs between authors. The species count is in constant flux due to <a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">taxonomic</a> work as well as description of new species.<sup id="cite_ref-Nelson_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nelson-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 2003 and 2005, over one hundred species were named, a rate three times faster than that of the past century.<sup id="cite_ref-neotropdiversity_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-neotropdiversity-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 2005, researchers named the newest family of catfish, <a href="/wiki/Lacantuniidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Lacantuniidae">Lacantuniidae</a>, only the third new family of fish distinguished in the last seventy years, the others being the <a href="/wiki/Coelacanth" title="Coelacanth">coelacanth</a> in 1938 and the <a href="/wiki/Megamouth_shark" title="Megamouth shark">megamouth shark</a> in 1983. The new species in <a href="/wiki/Lacantuniidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Lacantuniidae">Lacantuniidae</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Lacantunia_enigmatica" class="mw-redirect" title="Lacantunia enigmatica">Lacantunia enigmatica</a></i>, was found in the <a href="/wiki/Lacantun_river" class="mw-redirect" title="Lacantun river">Lacantun river</a> in the Mexican state of <a href="/wiki/Chiapas" title="Chiapas">Chiapas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-rodiles_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rodiles-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The higher-level phylogeny of Siluriformes has gone through several recent changes, mainly due to <a href="/wiki/Molecular_phylogenetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Molecular phylogenetic">molecular phylogenetic</a> studies. While most studies, both morphological and molecular, agree that catfishes are arranged into three main <a href="/wiki/Lineage_(evolution)" title="Lineage (evolution)">lineages</a>, the relationship among these lineages has been a contentious point in which these studies, performed for example by <a href="/wiki/Rui_Diogo" title="Rui Diogo">Rui Diogo</a>, differ.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The three main lineages in Siluriformes are the family <a href="/wiki/Diplomystidae" title="Diplomystidae">Diplomystidae</a>, the denticulate catfish suborder <a href="/wiki/Loricarioidea" title="Loricarioidea">Loricarioidei</a> (containing the Neotropical "suckermouth" catfishes), and the suborder Siluroidei, which contains the remaining families of the order. According to <a href="/wiki/Morphology_(biology)" title="Morphology (biology)">morphological</a> data, <a href="/wiki/Diplomystidae" title="Diplomystidae">Diplomystidae</a> is usually considered to be the earliest branching catfish lineage and the <a href="/wiki/Sister_group" title="Sister group">sister group</a> to the other two lineages, Loricarioidei and Siluroidei.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Molecular evidence usually contrasts with this hypothesis, and shows the suborder Loricarioidei as the earliest branching catfish lineage, and sister to a <a href="/wiki/Clade" title="Clade">clade</a> that includes the Diplomystidae and Siluroidei; this phylogeny has been obtained in numerous studies based on genetic data.<sup id="cite_ref-Sullivan_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sullivan-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, it has been suggested that these molecular results are errors as a result of <a href="/wiki/Long_branch_attraction" title="Long branch attraction">long branch attraction</a>, incorrectly placing Loricarioidei as the earliest-branching catfish lineage.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When a data filtering method<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was used to reduce lineage rate heterogeneity (the potential source of bias) on their dataset, a final phylogeny was recovered which showed the <a href="/wiki/Diplomystidae" title="Diplomystidae">Diplomystidae</a> are the earliest-branching catfish, followed by <a href="/wiki/Loricarioidei" class="mw-redirect" title="Loricarioidei">Loricarioidei</a> and Siluroidei as sister lineages, providing both morphological and molecular support for <a href="/wiki/Diplomystidae" title="Diplomystidae">Diplomystidae</a> being the earliest branching catfish.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Below is a list of family relationships by different authors. Lacantuniidae is included in the Sullivan scheme based on recent evidence that places it sister to <a href="/wiki/Claroteidae" title="Claroteidae">Claroteidae</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Nelson, 2006<sup id="cite_ref-Nelson_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nelson-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">Sullivan et al., 2006<sup id="cite_ref-Sullivan_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sullivan-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td style="width:25%;"> <ul><li>Unresolved families <ul><li>Cetopsidae</li> <li>Pseudopimelodidae</li> <li>Heptapteridae</li> <li>Cranoglanididae</li> <li>Ictaluridae</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loricarioidea" title="Loricarioidea">Loricarioidea</a> <ul><li>Amphiliidae</li> <li>Trichomycteridae</li> <li>Nematogenyiidae</li> <li>Callichthyidae</li> <li>Scoloplacidae</li> <li>Astroblepidae</li> <li>Loricariidae</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisoroidea" title="Sisoroidea">Sisoroidea</a> <ul><li>Amblycipitidae</li> <li>Akysidae</li> <li>Sisoridae</li> <li>Erethistidae</li> <li>Aspredinidae</li></ul></li> <li>Doradoidea <ul><li>Mochokidae</li> <li>Doradidae</li> <li>Auchenipteridae</li></ul></li></ul> </td> <td style="width:25%;"> <ul><li>Siluroidea <ul><li>Siluridae</li> <li>Malapteruridae</li> <li>Auchenoglanididae</li> <li>Chacidae</li> <li>Plotosidae</li> <li>Clariidae</li> <li>Heteropneustidae</li></ul></li> <li>Bagroidea <ul><li>Austroglanididae</li> <li>Claroteidae</li> <li>Ariidae</li> <li>Schilbeidae</li> <li>Pangasiidae</li> <li>Bagridae</li> <li>Pimelodidae</li></ul></li></ul> </td> <td style="width:25%;"> <ul><li>Unresolved families <ul><li>Cetopsidae</li> <li>Plotosidae</li> <li>Chacidae</li> <li>Siluridae</li> <li>Pangasiidae</li></ul></li> <li>Suborder Loricarioidei <ul><li>Trichomycteridae</li> <li>Nematogenyiidae</li> <li>Callichthyidae</li> <li>Scoloplacidae</li> <li>Astroblepidae</li> <li>Loricariidae</li></ul></li> <li>Clarioidea <ul><li>Clariidae</li> <li>Heteropneustidae</li></ul></li> <li>Arioidea <ul><li>Ariidae</li> <li>Anchariidae</li></ul></li> <li>Pimelodoidea <ul><li>Pimelodidae</li> <li>Pseudopimelodidae</li> <li>Heptapteridae</li> <li><i>Conorhynchos</i></li></ul></li> <li>Ictaluroidea <ul><li>Ictaluridae</li> <li>Cranoglanididae</li></ul></li></ul> </td> <td style="width:25%;"> <ul><li>Doradoidea (sister to Aspredinidae) <ul><li>Doradidae</li> <li>Auchenipteridae</li></ul></li> <li>"Big Asia" <ul><li>Sisoroidea <ul><li>Amblycipitidae</li> <li>Akysidae</li> <li>Sisoridae</li> <li>Erethistidae</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ailia" title="Ailia">Ailia</a></i> + <i><a href="/wiki/Laides" title="Laides">Laides</a></i> (Asian schilbeids)</li> <li>Horabagridae (<i><a href="/wiki/Horabagrus" title="Horabagrus">Horabagrus</a></i> + <i><a href="/wiki/Pseudeutropius" title="Pseudeutropius">Pseudeutropius</a></i> + <i><a href="/wiki/Platytropius" title="Platytropius">Platytropius</a></i>)</li> <li>Bagridae (without <i><a href="/wiki/Rita_(fish)" title="Rita (fish)">Rita</a></i>)</li></ul></li> <li>"Africa" <ul><li>Mochokidae</li> <li>Malapteruridae</li> <li>Amphiliidae</li> <li>Claroteidae</li> <li>Lacantuniidae</li> <li>Schilbeidae</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Phylogeny">Phylogeny</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catfish&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Phylogeny"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Phylogeny of living Siluriformes based on 2017<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and extinct families based on Nelson, Grande & Wilson 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="clade"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261294616">body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output div.clade,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade{overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade p{font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto;display:table}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{min-width:0.2em;width:0.2em;padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label::before,.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel::before{content:"\2060 "}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.first{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.last{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar.reverse{text-align:right;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf p{padding-right:5px;padding-left:2px}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR p{padding-left:5px;padding-right:2px}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse p{padding-left:5px;padding-right:2px}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkA{background-color:yellow}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkB{background-color:green}</style> <table class="clade" style="font-size:100%;line-height:80%"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">Siluriformes </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>†<a href="/wiki/Andinichthyidae" title="Andinichthyidae">Andinichthyidae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">Loricaroidei </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Nematogenyidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Nematogenyidae">Nematogenyidae</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Contributions_to_the_fauna_of_Chile_(Nematogenys_inermis).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Contributions_to_the_fauna_of_Chile_%28Nematogenys_inermis%29.jpg/70px-Contributions_to_the_fauna_of_Chile_%28Nematogenys_inermis%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Contributions_to_the_fauna_of_Chile_%28Nematogenys_inermis%29.jpg/105px-Contributions_to_the_fauna_of_Chile_%28Nematogenys_inermis%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Contributions_to_the_fauna_of_Chile_%28Nematogenys_inermis%29.jpg/140px-Contributions_to_the_fauna_of_Chile_%28Nematogenys_inermis%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2742" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Trichomycteridae" title="Trichomycteridae">Trichomycteridae</a> <span style="display: inline-block; transform: scaleX(-1);"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Trichomycterus_punctatissimus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Trichomycterus_punctatissimus.jpg/120px-Trichomycterus_punctatissimus.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Trichomycterus_punctatissimus.jpg/250px-Trichomycterus_punctatissimus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1428" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Callichthyidae" title="Callichthyidae">Callichthyidae</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hoplosternum_littorale_Orbigny.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Hoplosternum_littorale_Orbigny.jpg/70px-Hoplosternum_littorale_Orbigny.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Hoplosternum_littorale_Orbigny.jpg/105px-Hoplosternum_littorale_Orbigny.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Hoplosternum_littorale_Orbigny.jpg/140px-Hoplosternum_littorale_Orbigny.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1413" data-file-height="677" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Astroblepidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Astroblepidae">Astroblepidae</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Astroblepus_sabalo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Astroblepus_sabalo.jpg/70px-Astroblepus_sabalo.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Astroblepus_sabalo.jpg/105px-Astroblepus_sabalo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Astroblepus_sabalo.jpg/140px-Astroblepus_sabalo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="416" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Loricariidae" title="Loricariidae">Loricariidae</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Loricariichthys_anus_Orbigny.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Loricariichthys_anus_Orbigny.jpg/70px-Loricariichthys_anus_Orbigny.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Loricariichthys_anus_Orbigny.jpg/105px-Loricariichthys_anus_Orbigny.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Loricariichthys_anus_Orbigny.jpg/140px-Loricariichthys_anus_Orbigny.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="536" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">Diplomystoidei </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Diplomystidae" title="Diplomystidae">Diplomystidae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>†<a href="/wiki/Bachmanniidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Bachmanniidae">Bachmanniidae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">Siluroidei </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">Hypsidoroidea </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>†<a href="/wiki/Hypsidoridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypsidoridae">Hypsidoridae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">Cetopsoidea </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Cetopsidae" title="Cetopsidae">Cetopsidae</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cetopsis_plumbea.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Cetopsis_plumbea.jpg/120px-Cetopsis_plumbea.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Cetopsis_plumbea.jpg/250px-Cetopsis_plumbea.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="445" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">Siluroidea </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Siluridae" title="Siluridae">Siluridae</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Silurus_glanis1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Silurus_glanis1.jpg/120px-Silurus_glanis1.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Silurus_glanis1.jpg/250px-Silurus_glanis1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1321" data-file-height="680" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">Arioidea </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Pangasiidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Pangasiidae">Pangasiidae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">Big African<br />catfishes </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Mochokidae" title="Mochokidae">Mochokidae</a> <span style="display: inline-block; transform: scaleX(-1);"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Synodontis_multipunctatus_J._Green.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Synodontis_multipunctatus_J._Green.jpg/70px-Synodontis_multipunctatus_J._Green.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Synodontis_multipunctatus_J._Green.jpg/105px-Synodontis_multipunctatus_J._Green.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Synodontis_multipunctatus_J._Green.jpg/140px-Synodontis_multipunctatus_J._Green.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2968" data-file-height="1566" /></a></span></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Claroteidae" title="Claroteidae">Claroteidae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">Ictaluroidea </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Plotosidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Plotosidae">Plotosidae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Ictaluridae" title="Ictaluridae">Ictaluridae</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Black_bullhead_fish_(white_background).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Black_bullhead_fish_%28white_background%29.jpg/70px-Black_bullhead_fish_%28white_background%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Black_bullhead_fish_%28white_background%29.jpg/105px-Black_bullhead_fish_%28white_background%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Black_bullhead_fish_%28white_background%29.jpg/140px-Black_bullhead_fish_%28white_background%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2209" data-file-height="937" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">Clarioidea </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Clariidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Clariidae">Clariidae</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Clarias_gariepinus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Clarias_gariepinus.jpg/70px-Clarias_gariepinus.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Clarias_gariepinus.jpg/105px-Clarias_gariepinus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Clarias_gariepinus.jpg/140px-Clarias_gariepinus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="502" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">Sisoroidea </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Ailiidae" title="Ailiidae">Ailiidae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Sisoridae" title="Sisoridae">Sisoridae</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bagrus_yarrelli_Sykes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Bagrus_yarrelli_Sykes.jpg/70px-Bagrus_yarrelli_Sykes.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Bagrus_yarrelli_Sykes.jpg/105px-Bagrus_yarrelli_Sykes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Bagrus_yarrelli_Sykes.jpg/140px-Bagrus_yarrelli_Sykes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2146" data-file-height="1098" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Bagridae" title="Bagridae">Bagridae</a> <span style="display: inline-block; transform: scaleX(-1);"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rita_sacerdotum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Rita_sacerdotum.jpg/120px-Rita_sacerdotum.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Rita_sacerdotum.jpg/250px-Rita_sacerdotum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="691" data-file-height="286" /></a></span></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">Doradoidea </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Aspredinidae" title="Aspredinidae">Aspredinidae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Doradidae" title="Doradidae">Doradidae</a> <span style="display: inline-block; transform: scaleX(-1);"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Silurus_costatus_now_in_Platydoras_sketch_of_Gronow_1754.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Silurus_costatus_now_in_Platydoras_sketch_of_Gronow_1754.jpg/70px-Silurus_costatus_now_in_Platydoras_sketch_of_Gronow_1754.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Silurus_costatus_now_in_Platydoras_sketch_of_Gronow_1754.jpg/105px-Silurus_costatus_now_in_Platydoras_sketch_of_Gronow_1754.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Silurus_costatus_now_in_Platydoras_sketch_of_Gronow_1754.jpg/140px-Silurus_costatus_now_in_Platydoras_sketch_of_Gronow_1754.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1848" data-file-height="1038" /></a></span></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Auchenipteridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Auchenipteridae">Auchenipteridae</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ageneiosus_militaris_Orbigny.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Ageneiosus_militaris_Orbigny.jpg/70px-Ageneiosus_militaris_Orbigny.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Ageneiosus_militaris_Orbigny.jpg/105px-Ageneiosus_militaris_Orbigny.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Ageneiosus_militaris_Orbigny.jpg/140px-Ageneiosus_militaris_Orbigny.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1524" data-file-height="568" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">Pimelodoidea </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Heptapteridae" title="Heptapteridae">Heptapteridae</a> <span style="display: inline-block; transform: scaleX(-1);"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pimelodella_gracilis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Pimelodella_gracilis.jpg/70px-Pimelodella_gracilis.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Pimelodella_gracilis.jpg/105px-Pimelodella_gracilis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Pimelodella_gracilis.jpg/140px-Pimelodella_gracilis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="483" /></a></span></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Pseudopimelodidae" title="Pseudopimelodidae">Pseudopimelodidae</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pseudopimelodus_mangurus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Pseudopimelodus_mangurus.jpg/70px-Pseudopimelodus_mangurus.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Pseudopimelodus_mangurus.jpg/105px-Pseudopimelodus_mangurus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Pseudopimelodus_mangurus.jpg/140px-Pseudopimelodus_mangurus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="503" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Pimelodidae" title="Pimelodidae">Pimelodidae</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pseudoplatystoma_fasciatum3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Pseudoplatystoma_fasciatum3.jpg/70px-Pseudoplatystoma_fasciatum3.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Pseudoplatystoma_fasciatum3.jpg/105px-Pseudoplatystoma_fasciatum3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Pseudoplatystoma_fasciatum3.jpg/140px-Pseudoplatystoma_fasciatum3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1209" data-file-height="397" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>Unassigned families: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bachmanniidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Bachmanniidae">Bachmanniidae</a><a href="/wiki/Extinction" title="Extinction">†</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scoloplacidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Scoloplacidae">Scoloplacidae</a> (Loricarioidei)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akysidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Akysidae">Akysidae</a> (Sisoroidea)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amblycipitidae" title="Amblycipitidae">Amblycipitidae</a> (Sisoroidea)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anchariidae" title="Anchariidae">Anchariidae</a> (Arioidea)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariidae" title="Ariidae">Ariidae</a> (Arioidea)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphiliidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Amphiliidae">Amphiliidae</a> (Big African catfishes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austroglanididae" class="mw-redirect" title="Austroglanididae">Austroglanididae</a> (Arioidea)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chacidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Chacidae">Chacidae</a> (Siluroidei)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Conorhynchos" title="Conorhynchos">Conorhynchos</a></i> (Pimelodoidea)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cranoglanididae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cranoglanididae">Cranoglanididae</a> (Ictaluroidea)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heteropneustidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Heteropneustidae">Heteropneustidae</a> (Clarioidea)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horabagridae" title="Horabagridae">Horabagridae</a> (Sisoroidea)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kryptoglanidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Kryptoglanidae">Kryptoglanidae</a> (Siluroidea)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacantuniidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Lacantuniidae">Lacantuniidae</a> (Big African catfishes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malapteruridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Malapteruridae">Malapteruridae</a> (Big African catfishes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phreatobiidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Phreatobiidae">Phreatobiidae</a> (Pimelodoidea)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rita_(fish)" title="Rita (fish)">Rita</a></i> (Sisoroidea)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schilbeidae" title="Schilbeidae">Schilbeidae</a> (Big African catfishes)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ecology">Ecology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catfish&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ecology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Distribution_and_habitat">Distribution and habitat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catfish&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Distribution and habitat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Extant catfish species live inland or in coastal waters of every continent except <a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a>. Catfish have inhabited all continents at one time or another.<sup id="cite_ref-Nelson_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nelson-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are most diverse in <a href="/wiki/Tropical" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropical">tropical</a> South America, Asia, and Africa, with one family native to North America and one family in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-tol_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tol-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More than half of all catfish species live in the Americas. They are the only <a href="/wiki/Ostariophysan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ostariophysan">ostariophysans</a> that have entered <a href="/wiki/Freshwater" class="mw-redirect" title="Freshwater">freshwater</a> habitats in <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a>, Australia, and <a href="/wiki/New_Guinea" title="New Guinea">New Guinea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bruton_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bruton-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>They are found in fresh water/<a href="/wiki/Brackish_water" title="Brackish water">brackish water</a> environments, though most inhabit shallow, running water.<sup id="cite_ref-Bruton_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bruton-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Representatives of at least eight families are <a href="/wiki/Hypogean" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypogean">hypogean</a> (live underground) with three families that are also <a href="/wiki/Troglobite" class="mw-redirect" title="Troglobite">troglobitic</a> (inhabiting caves).<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One such species is <i><a href="/wiki/Phreatobius_cisternarum" title="Phreatobius cisternarum">Phreatobius cisternarum</a></i>, known to live underground in <a href="/wiki/Phreatic" title="Phreatic">phreatic</a> habitats.<sup id="cite_ref-pcisternarum_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pcisternarum-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Numerous species from the families <a href="/wiki/Ariidae" title="Ariidae">Ariidae</a> and <a href="/wiki/Plotosidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Plotosidae">Plotosidae</a>, and a few species from among the <a href="/wiki/Aspredinidae" title="Aspredinidae">Aspredinidae</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bagridae" title="Bagridae">Bagridae</a>, are found in salt water.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the Southern United States, catfish species may be known by a variety of slang names, such as "mud cat", "polliwogs", or "chuckleheads".<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These nicknames are not standardized, so one area may call a bullhead catfish by the nickname "chucklehead", while in another state or region, that nickname refers to the blue catfish.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_invasive_species">As invasive species</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catfish&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: As invasive species"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Representatives of the <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genus</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Ictalurus" title="Ictalurus">Ictalurus</a></i> have been introduced into European waters in the hope of obtaining a sporting and food resource, but the European stock of American catfishes has not achieved the dimensions of these fish in their native waters and have only increased the ecological pressure on native European <a href="/wiki/Fauna" title="Fauna">fauna</a>. <a href="/wiki/Walking_catfish" title="Walking catfish">Walking catfish</a> have also been introduced in the freshwater areas of Florida, with the voracious catfish becoming a major alien pest there. <a href="/wiki/Flathead_catfish" title="Flathead catfish">Flathead catfish</a>, <i>Pylodictis olivaris</i>, is also a North American pest on Atlantic slope drainages.<sup id="cite_ref-tol_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tol-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Pterygoplichthys" title="Pterygoplichthys">Pterygoplichthys</a></i> species, released by aquarium fishkeepers, have also established <a href="/wiki/Feral" title="Feral">feral</a> populations in many warm waters around the world.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Physical_characteristics">Physical characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catfish&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Physical characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="External_anatomy_of_catfish">External anatomy of catfish</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catfish&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External anatomy of catfish"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most catfish are <a href="/wiki/Bottom_feeder" title="Bottom feeder">bottom feeders</a>. In general, they are negatively <a href="/wiki/Buoyant" class="mw-redirect" title="Buoyant">buoyant</a>, which means that they usually sink rather than float due to a reduced <a href="/wiki/Gas_bladder" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas bladder">gas bladder</a> and a heavy, bony head.<sup id="cite_ref-Bruton_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bruton-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Catfish have a variety of body shapes, though most have a cylindrical body with a flattened <a href="/wiki/Ventrum" class="mw-redirect" title="Ventrum">ventrum</a> to allow for benthic feeding.<sup id="cite_ref-Bruton_33-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bruton-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A flattened head allows for digging through the substrate, as well as perhaps serving as a <a href="/wiki/Hydrofoil" title="Hydrofoil">hydrofoil</a>. Some have a mouth that can expand to a large size and contains no <a href="/wiki/Incisiform" class="mw-redirect" title="Incisiform">incisiform</a> teeth; catfish generally feed through <a href="/wiki/Suction" title="Suction">suction</a> or gulping rather than biting and cutting prey.<sup id="cite_ref-Bruton_33-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bruton-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some families, though, notably the <a href="/wiki/Loricariidae" title="Loricariidae">Loricariidae</a> and <a href="/wiki/Astroblepidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Astroblepidae">Astroblepidae</a>, have a <a href="/wiki/Suckermouth" title="Suckermouth">suckermouth</a> that allows them to fasten themselves to objects in fast-moving water. Catfish also have a <a href="/wiki/Fish_anatomy#Head" title="Fish anatomy">maxilla</a> reduced to a support for <a href="/wiki/Barbel_(anatomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbel (anatomy)">barbels</a>; this means that they are unable to protrude their mouths as other fish such as <a href="/wiki/Carp" title="Carp">carp</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bruton_33-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bruton-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Channelcat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Channelcat.jpg/220px-Channelcat.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Channelcat.jpg/330px-Channelcat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Channelcat.jpg/440px-Channelcat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Channel_catfish" title="Channel catfish">channel catfish</a> has four pairs of <a href="/wiki/Barbel_(anatomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbel (anatomy)">barbels</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Catfish may have up to four pairs of barbels - nasal, maxillary (on each side of mouth), and two pairs of chin barbels, though pairs of barbels may be absent depending on the species. Catfish barbels always occur in pairs. Many larger catfish also have <a href="/wiki/Chemoreceptor" title="Chemoreceptor">chemoreceptors</a> across their entire bodies, which means they "taste" anything they touch and "smell" any chemicals in the water. "In catfish, <a href="/wiki/Gustation" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustation">gustation</a> plays a primary role in the orientation and location of food".<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because their barbels and chemoreception are more important in detecting food, the eyes on catfish are generally small. Like other <a href="/wiki/Ostariophysan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ostariophysan">ostariophysans</a>, they are characterized by the presence of a <a href="/wiki/Weberian_apparatus" title="Weberian apparatus">Weberian apparatus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Nelson_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nelson-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their well-developed Weberian apparatus and reduced gas bladder allow for improved <a href="/wiki/Hearing_(sense)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hearing (sense)">hearing</a> and sound production.<sup id="cite_ref-Bruton_33-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bruton-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Catfish do not have <a href="/wiki/Scale_(anatomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Scale (anatomy)">scales</a>; their bodies are often naked. In some species, their <a href="/wiki/Mucus" title="Mucus">mucus</a>-covered <a href="/wiki/Skin" title="Skin">skin</a> is used in <a href="/wiki/Cutaneous_respiration" title="Cutaneous respiration">cutaneous respiration</a>, where the fish breathes through its skin.<sup id="cite_ref-Bruton_33-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bruton-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In some catfish, the skin is covered in bony plates called <a href="/wiki/Scute" title="Scute">scutes</a>; some form of body armor appears in various ways within the order. In <a href="/wiki/Loricarioids" class="mw-redirect" title="Loricarioids">loricarioids</a> and in the Asian genus <i><a href="/wiki/Sisor" title="Sisor">Sisor</a></i>, the armor is primarily made up of one or more rows of free <a href="/wiki/Dermal" class="mw-redirect" title="Dermal">dermal</a> plates. Similar plates are found in large specimens of <i><a href="/wiki/Lithodoras" title="Lithodoras">Lithodoras</a></i>. These plates may be supported by <a href="/wiki/Vertebra" title="Vertebra">vertebral</a> <a href="/wiki/Process_(anatomy)" title="Process (anatomy)">processes</a>, as in <a href="/wiki/Scoloplacids" class="mw-redirect" title="Scoloplacids">scoloplacids</a> and in <i>Sisor</i>, but the processes never fuse to the plates or form any external armor. By contrast, in the subfamily Doumeinae (family <a href="/wiki/Amphiliidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Amphiliidae">Amphiliidae</a>) and in hoplomyzontines (<a href="/wiki/Aspredinidae" title="Aspredinidae">Aspredinidae</a>), the armor is formed solely by expanded vertebral processes that form plates. Finally, the lateral armor of <a href="/wiki/Doradids" class="mw-redirect" title="Doradids">doradids</a>, <i>Sisor</i>, and hoplomyzontines consists of hypertrophied <a href="/wiki/Lateral_line" title="Lateral line">lateral line</a> ossicles with dorsal and ventral <a href="/wiki/Lamina_(algae)" title="Lamina (algae)">lamina</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>All catfish other than members of the <a href="/wiki/Malapteruridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Malapteruridae">Malapteruridae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Electric_catfish" title="Electric catfish">electric catfish</a>), possess a strong, hollow, bony, leading spine-like ray on their <a href="/wiki/Dorsal_fin" title="Dorsal fin">dorsal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pectoral_fin" class="mw-redirect" title="Pectoral fin">pectoral fins</a>. As a defense, these spines may be locked into place so that they stick outwards, enabling them to inflict severe wounds.<sup id="cite_ref-tol_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tol-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In numerous catfish species, these fin rays can be used to deliver a stinging <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a> if the fish is irritated;<sup id="cite_ref-fin_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fin-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as many as half of all catfish species may be venomous in this fashion, making the Siluriformes overwhelmingly the vertebrate order with the largest number of venomous species.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This <a href="/wiki/Venom" title="Venom">venom</a> is produced by <a href="/wiki/Gland" title="Gland">glandular</a> cells in the <a href="/wiki/Epidermal" class="mw-redirect" title="Epidermal">epidermal</a> tissue covering the spines.<sup id="cite_ref-Nelson_9-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nelson-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In members of the family <a href="/wiki/Plotosidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Plotosidae">Plotosidae</a> and of the genus <i><a href="/wiki/Heteropneustes" title="Heteropneustes">Heteropneustes</a></i>, this protein is so strong it may hospitalize humans who receive a sting; in <i><a href="/wiki/Plotosus_lineatus" title="Plotosus lineatus">Plotosus lineatus</a></i>, the stings can be lethal.<sup id="cite_ref-Nelson_9-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nelson-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dorsal- and pectoral-fin spines are two of the most conspicuous features of siluriforms, and differ from those in other fish groups.<sup id="cite_ref-Ballen_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ballen-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite the widespread use of the spines for taxonomic and phylogenetic studies the fields have struggled to effectively use the information due to a lack of consistency in the nomenclature, with a general standard for the descriptive anatomy of catfish spines proposed in 2022 to try and resolve this problem.<sup id="cite_ref-Ballen_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ballen-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Juvenile catfish, like most fish, have relatively large heads, eyes, and posterior median fins in comparison to larger, more mature individuals. These juveniles can be readily placed in their families, particularly those with highly derived fin or body shapes; in some cases, identification of the genus is possible. As far as known for most catfish, features that are often characteristic of species, such as mouth and fin positions, fin shapes, and barbel lengths, show little difference between juveniles and adults. For many species, pigmentation pattern is also similar in juveniles and adults. Thus, juvenile catfish generally resemble and develop smoothly into their adult form without distinct juvenile specializations. Exceptions to this are the ariid catfish, where the young retain yolk sacs late into juvenile stages, and many pimelodids, which may have elongated barbels and fin filaments or coloration patterns.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sexual_dimorphism" title="Sexual dimorphism">Sexual dimorphism</a> is reported in about half of all families of catfish.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The modification of the <a href="/wiki/Anal_fin" class="mw-redirect" title="Anal fin">anal fin</a> into an <a href="/wiki/Penis" title="Penis">intromittent organ</a> (in internal fertilizers) as well as accessory structures of the reproductive apparatus (in both internal and external fertilizers) have been described in species belonging to 11 different families.<sup id="cite_ref-Mazzoldi_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mazzoldi-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Size">Size</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catfish&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Size"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bagarius_yarrelli_India.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Bagarius_yarrelli_India.png/250px-Bagarius_yarrelli_India.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Bagarius_yarrelli_India.png/330px-Bagarius_yarrelli_India.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Bagarius_yarrelli_India.png/500px-Bagarius_yarrelli_India.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Giant <i><a href="/wiki/Bagarius_yarrelli" title="Bagarius yarrelli">Bagarius yarrelli</a></i> (goonch) caught in India. Some goonch in the Kali River grow large enough to attack humans and water buffalo</figcaption></figure> <p>Catfish have one of the largest ranges in size within a single order of <a href="/wiki/Actinopterygii" title="Actinopterygii">bony fish</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bruton_33-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bruton-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many catfish have a maximum length of under 12 cm (4.7 in).<sup id="cite_ref-Nelson_9-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nelson-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of the smallest species of the <a href="/wiki/Aspredinidae" title="Aspredinidae">Aspredinidae</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trichomycteridae" title="Trichomycteridae">Trichomycteridae</a> reach sexual maturity at only 1 cm (0.39 in).<sup id="cite_ref-tol_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tol-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Wels_catfish" title="Wels catfish">wels catfish</a>, <i>Silurus glanis</i>, and the much smaller related <a href="/wiki/Aristotle%27s_catfish" title="Aristotle's catfish">Aristotle's catfish</a>, are the only catfish indigenous to <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>; the former ranges throughout Europe, and the latter is restricted to <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Mythology">Mythology</a> and literature record wels catfish of astounding proportions yet are to be proven scientifically. The typical size of the species is about 1.2–1.6 m (3.9–5.2 ft), and fish more than 2 m (6.6 ft) are rare. However, they are known to exceed 2.5 m (8.2 ft) in length and 100 kg (220 lb) in weight. In July 2009, a catfish weighing 88 kilograms (194 lb) was caught in the <a href="/wiki/River_Ebro" class="mw-redirect" title="River Ebro">River Ebro</a>, Spain, by an 11-year-old British schoolgirl.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In North America, the largest <i><a href="/wiki/Ictalurus_furcatus" class="mw-redirect" title="Ictalurus furcatus">Ictalurus furcatus</a></i> (blue catfish) caught in the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_River" title="Missouri River">Missouri River</a> on 20 July 2010, weighed 59 kg (130 lb). The largest <a href="/wiki/Flathead_catfish" title="Flathead catfish">flathead catfish</a>, <i>Pylodictis olivaris</i>, ever caught was in <a href="/wiki/Independence,_Kansas" title="Independence, Kansas">Independence, Kansas</a>, weighing 56 kg (123 lb). </p><p>These records pale in comparison to a <a href="/wiki/Mekong_giant_catfish" title="Mekong giant catfish">Mekong giant catfish</a> caught in northern <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> on 1 May 2005, and reported to the press almost 2 months later, that weighed 293 kilograms (646 lb). This is the largest giant Mekong catfish caught since Thai officials started keeping records in 1981.<sup id="cite_ref-Mekong_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mekong-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also in Asia, <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Wade" title="Jeremy Wade">Jeremy Wade</a> caught a 75.5-kilogram (166.4 lb) <a href="/wiki/Bagarius_yarrelli" title="Bagarius yarrelli">goonch</a> following <a href="/wiki/Kali_River_goonch_attacks" title="Kali River goonch attacks">three fatal attacks on humans</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Sharda_River" title="Sharda River">Kali River</a> on the <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>-<a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> border. Wade was of the opinion that the offending fish must have been significantly larger than this to have taken an 18-year-old boy, as well as a <a href="/wiki/Water_buffalo" title="Water buffalo">water buffalo</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs a reliable source. (March 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Piraíba <i>(<a href="/wiki/Brachyplatystoma" title="Brachyplatystoma">Brachyplatystoma filamentosum</a>)</i> can grow exceptionally large and are native to the Amazon Basin. They can occasionally grow to 200 kg (440 lb), as evidenced by numerous catches. Deaths from being swallowed by these fish have been reported in the region. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Internal_anatomy">Internal anatomy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catfish&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Internal anatomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kryptopterus_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Kryptopterus_2.jpg/250px-Kryptopterus_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Kryptopterus_2.jpg/330px-Kryptopterus_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Kryptopterus_2.jpg/500px-Kryptopterus_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="591" data-file-height="331" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Kryptopterus_vitreolus" title="Kryptopterus vitreolus">Kryptopterus vitreolus</a></i> (glass catfish) have transparent bodies lacking both scales and pigments. Most of the internal organs are located near the head.</figcaption></figure> <p>In many catfish, the "humeral process" is a bony process extending backward from the <a href="/wiki/Pectoral_girdle" class="mw-redirect" title="Pectoral girdle">pectoral girdle</a> immediately above the base of the pectoral fin. It lies beneath the skin, where its outline may be determined by dissecting the skin or probing with a needle.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Retina" title="Retina">retinae</a> of catfish are composed of single <a href="/wiki/Cone_cell" title="Cone cell">cones</a> and large <a href="/wiki/Rod_cell" title="Rod cell">rods</a>. Many catfish have a <a href="/wiki/Tapetum_lucidum" title="Tapetum lucidum">tapetum lucidum</a>, which may help enhance <a href="/wiki/Photon" title="Photon">photon</a> capture and increase low-light sensitivity. <a href="/wiki/Double_cone_(biology)" title="Double cone (biology)">Double cones</a>, though present in most <a href="/wiki/Teleost" title="Teleost">teleosts</a>, are absent from catfish.<sup id="cite_ref-Douglas_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Douglas-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The anatomical organization of the <a href="/wiki/Testicle" title="Testicle">testis</a> in catfish is variable among the families of catfish, but the majority of them present fringed testis: Ictaluridae, Claridae, Auchenipteridae, Doradidae, Pimelodidae, and Pseudopimelodidae.<sup id="cite_ref-Barros_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barros-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the testes of some species of Siluriformes, organs and structures such as a spermatogenic cranial region and a secretory caudal region are observed, in addition to the presence of seminal vesicles in the caudal region.<sup id="cite_ref-Brito_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brito-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The total number of fringes and their length are different in the <a href="/wiki/Caudal_(anatomical_term)" class="mw-redirect" title="Caudal (anatomical term)">caudal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cranial" class="mw-redirect" title="Cranial">cranial</a> portions between species.<sup id="cite_ref-Barros_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barros-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fringes of the caudal region may present tubules, in which the lumen is filled by secretion and <a href="/wiki/Spermatozoon" title="Spermatozoon">spermatozoa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Barros_58-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barros-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Spermatocysts are formed from cytoplasmic extensions of <a href="/wiki/Sertoli_cell" title="Sertoli cell">Sertoli cells</a>; the release of spermatozoa is allowed by breaking of the cyst walls.<sup id="cite_ref-Barros_58-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barros-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The occurrence of <a href="/wiki/Seminal_vesicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Seminal vesicle">seminal vesicles</a>, in spite of their interspecific variability in size, gross morphology, and function, has not been related to the mode of fertilization. They are typically paired, multichambered, and connected with the <a href="/wiki/Sperm_duct" class="mw-redirect" title="Sperm duct">sperm duct</a>, and have been reported to play glandular and storage functions. Seminal vesicle secretion may include <a href="/wiki/Steroid" title="Steroid">steroids</a> and steroid glucuronides, with hormonal and pheromonal functions, but it appears to be primarily constituted of mucoproteins, acid mucopolysaccharides, and phospholipids.<sup id="cite_ref-Mazzoldi_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mazzoldi-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fish ovaries may be of two types - gymnovarian or cystovarian. In the first type, the oocytes are released directly into the <a href="/wiki/Coelom" title="Coelom">coelomic</a> cavity and then eliminated. In the second type, the oocytes are conveyed to the exterior through the <a href="/wiki/Oviduct" title="Oviduct">oviduct</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Brito_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brito-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many catfish are cystovarian in type, including <i><a href="/wiki/Pseudoplatystoma_corruscans" title="Pseudoplatystoma corruscans">Pseudoplatystoma corruscans</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Pseudoplatystoma_fasciatum" title="Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum">P. fasciatum</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Lophiosilurus_alexandri" title="Lophiosilurus alexandri">Lophiosilurus alexandri</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Loricaria_lentiginosa" title="Loricaria lentiginosa">Loricaria lentiginosa</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Barros_58-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barros-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Brito_59-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brito-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Communication">Communication</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catfish&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Communication"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Catfish can produce different types of sounds and also have well-developed auditory reception used to discriminate between sounds with different pitches and velocities. They are also able to determine the distance of the sound's origin and from what direction it originated.<sup id="cite_ref-General_Sounds_Kasumayan_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-General_Sounds_Kasumayan-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is a very important fish communication mechanism, especially during <a href="/wiki/Agonistic_behavior" class="mw-redirect" title="Agonistic behavior">agonistic</a> and distress behaviors. Catfish are able to produce a variety of sounds for communication that can be classified into two groups: drumming sounds and <a href="/wiki/Stridulation" title="Stridulation">stridulation</a> sounds. The variability in catfish sound signals differs due to a few factors: the mechanism by which the sound is produced, the function of the resulting sound, and physiological differences such as size, sex, and age.<sup id="cite_ref-Stridulatory_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stridulatory-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To create a drumming sound, catfish use an indirect vibration mechanism using a <a href="/wiki/Swimbladder" class="mw-redirect" title="Swimbladder">swimbladder</a>. In these fishes, sonic muscles insert on the ramus Mulleri, also known as the elastic spring. The sonic muscles pull the elastic spring forward and extend the swimbladder. When the muscles relax, the tension in the spring quickly returns the swimbladder to its original position, which produces the sound.<sup id="cite_ref-Sound_Generating_Mechs_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sound_Generating_Mechs-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Catfish also have a sound-generating mechanism in their <a href="/wiki/Pectoral_fins" class="mw-redirect" title="Pectoral fins">pectoral fins</a>. Many species in the catfish family possess an enhanced first pectoral fin ray, called the spine, which can be moved by large <a href="/wiki/Abduction_(kinesiology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Abduction (kinesiology)">abductor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adduction" class="mw-redirect" title="Adduction">adductor</a> muscles. The base of the catfishes' spines has a sequence of ridges, and the spine normally slides within a groove on the fish's pelvic girdle during routine movement; but, pressing the ridges on the spine against the pelvic girdle groove creates a series of short pulses.<sup id="cite_ref-General_Sounds_Kasumayan_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-General_Sounds_Kasumayan-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sound_Generating_Mechs_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sound_Generating_Mechs-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The movement is analogous to a finger moving down the teeth of a comb, and consequently a series of sharp taps is produced.<sup id="cite_ref-Stridulatory_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stridulatory-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sound-generating mechanisms are often different between the sexes. In some catfish, pectoral fins are longer in males than in females of similar length, and differences in the characteristic of the sounds produced were also observed.<sup id="cite_ref-Sound_Generating_Mechs_62-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sound_Generating_Mechs-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Comparison between families of the same order of catfish demonstrated family and species-specific patterns of vocalization, according to a study by Maria Clara Amorim. During courtship behavior in three species of <i>Corydoras</i> catfish, all males actively produced stridulation sounds before egg fertilization, and the species' songs were different in pulse number and sound duration.<sup id="cite_ref-Amorim_article_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amorim_article-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sound production in catfish may also be correlated with fighting and alarm calls. According to a study by Kaatz, sounds for disturbance (e.g. alarm) and agonistic behavior were not significantly different, which suggests distress sounds can be used to sample variation in agonistic sound production.<sup id="cite_ref-Amorim_article_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amorim_article-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in a comparison of a few different species of tropical catfish, some fish put under distress conditions produced a higher intensity of stridulatory sounds than drumming sounds.<sup id="cite_ref-Agonistic_behavior_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Agonistic_behavior-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Differences in the proportion of drumming versus stridulation sounds depend on <a href="/wiki/Morphology_(biology)" title="Morphology (biology)">morphological</a> constraints, such as different sizes of drumming muscles and pectoral spines. Due to these constraints, some fish may not even be able to produce a specific sound. In several different species of catfish, aggressive sound production occurs during cover site defense or during threats from other fish. More specifically, in long-whiskered catfish, drumming sounds are used as a threatening signal and stridulations are used as a defense signal. Kaatz investigated 83 species from 14 families of catfish, and determined that catfish produce more stridulatory sounds in disturbance situations and more swimbladder sounds in intraspecific conflicts.<sup id="cite_ref-Agonistic_behavior_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Agonistic_behavior-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economic_importance">Economic importance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catfish&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Economic importance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aquaculture">Aquaculture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catfish&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Aquaculture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Loading2_U.S._Farm-Raised_Catfish.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Loading2_U.S._Farm-Raised_Catfish.jpg/220px-Loading2_U.S._Farm-Raised_Catfish.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Loading2_U.S._Farm-Raised_Catfish.jpg/330px-Loading2_U.S._Farm-Raised_Catfish.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Loading2_U.S._Farm-Raised_Catfish.jpg/440px-Loading2_U.S._Farm-Raised_Catfish.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>Loading U.S. farm-raised catfish.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_of_catfish" title="Aquaculture of catfish">Aquaculture of catfish</a></div> <p>Catfish are easy to farm in warm climates, leading to inexpensive and safe food at local grocers. About 60% of U.S. farm-raised catfish are grown within a 65-mile (100-km) radius of <a href="/wiki/Belzoni,_Mississippi" title="Belzoni, Mississippi">Belzoni, Mississippi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Channel_catfish" title="Channel catfish">Channel catfish</a> (<i>Ictalurus punctatus</i>) supports a $450 million/yr aquaculture industry.<sup id="cite_ref-tol_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tol-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The largest producers are located in the <a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">Southern United States</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Catfish raised in inland tanks or channels are usually considered safe for the environment, since their waste and disease should be contained and not spread to the wild.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Asia, many catfish species are important as food. Several <a href="/wiki/Airbreathing_catfish" title="Airbreathing catfish">airbreathing catfish</a> (Clariidae) and <a href="/wiki/Shark_catfish" title="Shark catfish">shark catfish</a> (Pangasiidae) species are heavily cultured in Africa and Asia. Exports of one particular shark catfish species from <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Basa_(fish)" title="Basa (fish)">Pangasius bocourti</a></i>, have met with pressures from the U.S. catfish industry. In 2003, The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a> passed a law preventing the imported fish from being labeled as catfish.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, the Vietnamese exporters of this fish now label their products sold in the U.S. as "basa fish." Trader Joe's has labeled frozen fillets of Vietnamese <i><a href="/wiki/Pangasius_hypophthalmus" class="mw-redirect" title="Pangasius hypophthalmus">Pangasius hypophthalmus</a></i> as "striper."<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is a large and growing ornamental fish trade, with hundreds of species of catfish, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Corydoras" title="Corydoras">Corydoras</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/Loricariidae" title="Loricariidae">armored suckermouth catfish</a> (often called plecos), being a popular component of many <a href="/wiki/Aquarium" title="Aquarium">aquaria</a>. Other catfish commonly found in the aquarium trade are <a href="/wiki/Aspredinidae" title="Aspredinidae">banjo catfish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doradidae" title="Doradidae">talking catfish</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pimelodidae" title="Pimelodidae">long-whiskered catfish</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Catfish_as_food">Catfish as food</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catfish&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Catfish as food"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/80px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikibooks <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Cookbook">Cookbook</a> has a recipe/module on <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist" style="margin-left: 1.6em;"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Catfish" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Cookbook:Catfish"> Catfish</a></b></i></li></ul> </div></div></div> </div><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fried_catfish_new_orleans.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Fried_catfish_new_orleans.JPG/220px-Fried_catfish_new_orleans.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Fried_catfish_new_orleans.JPG/330px-Fried_catfish_new_orleans.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Fried_catfish_new_orleans.JPG/440px-Fried_catfish_new_orleans.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Fried catfish from the <a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_New_Orleans" title="Cuisine of New Orleans">cuisine of New Orleans</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Catfish have widely been caught and farmed for food for thousands of years in Africa, Asia, Europe, and North America. Judgments as to the quality and flavor vary, with some food critics considering catfish excellent to eat, while others dismiss them as watery and lacking in flavor.<sup id="cite_ref-Baker_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baker-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Catfish is high in <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_D" title="Vitamin D">vitamin D</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FactD_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FactD-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Farm-raised catfish contains low levels of <a href="/wiki/Omega-3_fatty_acid" title="Omega-3 fatty acid">omega-3 fatty acids</a> and a much higher proportion of <a href="/wiki/Omega-6_fatty_acid" title="Omega-6 fatty acid">omega-6 fatty acids</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central Europe</a>, catfish were often viewed as a <a href="/wiki/Delicacy" title="Delicacy">delicacy</a> to be enjoyed on <a href="/wiki/Feast_day" class="mw-redirect" title="Feast day">feast days</a> and holidays. Migrants from Europe and Africa to the United States brought along this tradition, and in the <a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">Southern United States</a>, catfish is an extremely popular food. </p><p>The most commonly eaten species in the United States are the <a href="/wiki/Channel_catfish" title="Channel catfish">channel catfish</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Blue_catfish" title="Blue catfish">blue catfish</a>, both of which are common in the wild and increasingly widely farmed. Farm-raised catfish became such a staple of the U.S. diet that President <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> proclaimed National Catfish Day on June 25, 1987, to recognize "the value of farm-raised catfish."<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Catfish is eaten in a variety of ways. In Europe, it is often cooked in similar ways to <a href="/wiki/Carp" title="Carp">carp</a>, but in the United States it is popularly crumbed with <a href="/wiki/Cornmeal" title="Cornmeal">cornmeal</a> and fried.<sup id="cite_ref-Baker_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baker-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pecel_Lele_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Pecel_Lele_1.JPG/220px-Pecel_Lele_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Pecel_Lele_1.JPG/330px-Pecel_Lele_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Pecel_Lele_1.JPG/440px-Pecel_Lele_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1844" data-file-height="1417" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pecel_lele" title="Pecel lele">Pecel lele</a> served with <i><a href="/wiki/Sambal" title="Sambal">sambal</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Tempeh" title="Tempeh">tempeh</a> and <i><a href="/wiki/Lalab" title="Lalab">lalab</a></i> vegetables in a tent <i><a href="/wiki/Warung" title="Warung">warung</a></i> in Jakarta, Indonesia</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, catfish is usually served fried or grilled in street stalls called <i><a href="/wiki/Warung" title="Warung">warung</a></i> and eaten with vegetables, <a href="/wiki/Sambal" title="Sambal">sambal</a> (a spicy <a href="/wiki/Relish" title="Relish">relish</a> or sauce), and usually <i><a href="/wiki/Nasi_uduk" title="Nasi uduk">nasi uduk</a></i> (traditional <a href="/wiki/Coconut_rice" title="Coconut rice">coconut rice</a>). The dish is called <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">pecel lele</i></span> or <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">pecak lele</i></span>. <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">Lele</i></span> is the <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a> word for catfish. The same dish can also be called as <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">lele penyet</i></span> (squashed catfish) if the fish is lightly squashed along with sambal with a stone <a href="/wiki/Mortar_and_pestle" title="Mortar and pestle">mortar-and-pestle</a>. The <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">pecel</i></span> or <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">pecak</i></span> version presents the fish in a separate plate while the mortar is solely for sambal. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, catfish is called <i>ikan keli</i> and is fried with spices or grilled and eaten with <a href="/wiki/Tamarind" title="Tamarind">tamarind</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bird%27s_eye_chili" title="Bird's eye chili">Thai chili</a> gravy and is also often eaten with <a href="/wiki/Steamed_rice" class="mw-redirect" title="Steamed rice">steamed rice</a>. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> and the <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Indian</a> states of <a href="/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha">Odisha</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a>, catfish (locally known as <i>magur</i>) is eaten as a favored delicacy during the <a href="/wiki/Monsoon" title="Monsoon">monsoons</a>. In the Indian state of <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a>, the local catfish, known as <i>thedu'</i> or <i>etta</i> in <a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a>, is also popular. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>, catfish is often cooked in <a href="/wiki/Paprika" title="Paprika">paprika</a> sauce (Harcsapaprikás) typical of <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_cuisine" title="Hungarian cuisine">Hungarian cuisine</a>. It is traditionally served with <a href="/wiki/Pasta" title="Pasta">pasta</a> smothered with <a href="/wiki/Curd_cheese" class="mw-redirect" title="Curd cheese">curd cheese</a> (<a href="/wiki/T%C3%BAr%C3%B3s_csusza" title="Túrós csusza">túrós csusza</a>). </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> (formerly Burma), catfish is usually used in <i><a href="/wiki/Mohinga" title="Mohinga">mohinga</a></i>, a traditional noodle <a href="/wiki/Fish_soup" title="Fish soup">fish soup</a> cooked with <a href="/wiki/Lemon_grass" class="mw-redirect" title="Lemon grass">lemon grass</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ginger" title="Ginger">ginger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Garlic" title="Garlic">garlic</a>, pepper, banana stem, onions, and other local ingredients. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Catfishjf.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Catfishjf.JPG/220px-Catfishjf.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Catfishjf.JPG/330px-Catfishjf.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Catfishjf.JPG/440px-Catfishjf.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Filipino_cuisine" title="Filipino cuisine">Filipino</a> fried <i>hito</i> (catfish) with vinegar and <i><a href="/wiki/Kalamansi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalamansi">kalamansi</a></i> dip sauce</figcaption></figure> <p>Vietnamese catfish, of the genus <i><a href="/wiki/Pangasius" title="Pangasius">Pangasius</a></i>, cannot be legally marketed as catfish in the United States, and so is referred to as <i><a href="/wiki/Swai" class="mw-redirect" title="Swai">swai</a></i> or <i><a href="/wiki/Basa_(fish)" title="Basa (fish)">basa</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FactSwai_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FactSwai-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only fish of the family <i><a href="/wiki/Ictaluridae" title="Ictaluridae">Ictaluridae</a></i> may be marketed as catfish in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-PL107171_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PL107171-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the UK, Vietnamese catfish is sometimes sold as "Vietnamese river cobbler", although more commonly as Basa.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>, catfish is often cooked in a variety of <a href="/wiki/Stew" title="Stew">stews</a>. It is particularly cooked in a delicacy popularly known as "catfish pepper soup" which is enjoyed throughout the nation.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Jewish dietary law, known as <a href="/wiki/Kashrut" title="Kashrut">kashrut</a>, fish must have fins and scales to be <a href="/wiki/Kashrut" title="Kashrut">kosher</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since catfish lack scales, they are not kosher.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mythology">Mythology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catfish&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Mythology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the mythology of the Japanese <a href="/wiki/Shinto_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Shinto religion">Shinto religion</a> natural phenomenon are caused by <i><a href="/wiki/Kami" title="Kami">kami</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Earthquakes" class="mw-redirect" title="Earthquakes">Earthquakes</a> are caused by a giant catfish called <a href="/wiki/Namazu" title="Namazu">Namazu</a>. There are other <i>kami</i> associated with earthquakes. In <a href="/wiki/Kyoto" title="Kyoto">Kyoto</a> it's usually an eel, but after the <a href="/wiki/1855_Edo_earthquake" title="1855 Edo earthquake">1855 Edo earthquake</a> <i><b>Namazu-e</b></i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">鯰絵</span></span>, "catfish prints")</span> were printed giving more popularity to the catfish <i>kami</i> that has been known since the 16th century <a href="/wiki/Otsu-e" title="Otsu-e">Otsu-e</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In one catfish print the divine white horse of <a href="/wiki/Amaterasu" title="Amaterasu">Amaterasu</a> is depicted knocking down the earthquake-causing catfish.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dangers_to_humans">Dangers to humans</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catfish&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Dangers to humans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Image-Striped_eel_catfish2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Image-Striped_eel_catfish2.jpg/250px-Image-Striped_eel_catfish2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Image-Striped_eel_catfish2.jpg/330px-Image-Striped_eel_catfish2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Image-Striped_eel_catfish2.jpg/500px-Image-Striped_eel_catfish2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>A sting from the striped eel catfish, <i><a href="/wiki/Plotosus_lineatus" title="Plotosus lineatus">Plotosus lineatus</a></i>, may be fatal.</figcaption></figure> <p>While the vast majority of catfish are harmless to humans, a few species are known to present some risk. Many catfish species have "stings" (actually non-venomous in most cases) embedded behind their fins; thus precautions must be taken when handling them. Stings by the venomous <a href="/wiki/Striped_eel_catfish" class="mw-redirect" title="Striped eel catfish">striped eel catfish</a> have killed people in rare cases.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Catfish_fishing_records">Catfish fishing records</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catfish&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Catfish fishing records"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By information from International Game Fish Association <a href="/wiki/IGFA" class="mw-redirect" title="IGFA">IGFA</a> the most outstanding record:<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>The biggest flathead catfish caught was by Ken Paulie in the <a href="/wiki/Elk_City_Reservoir" class="mw-redirect" title="Elk City Reservoir">Elk City Reservoir</a> in Kansas, US on 19 May 1998 that weighed 55.79 kg (123 lb 0 oz)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catfish&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lotidae" title="Lotidae">Lotidae</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catfish&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-NT24-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NT24_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NT24_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNearThacker2024" class="citation journal cs1">Near, Thomas J; Thacker, Christine E (18 April 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3374%2F014.065.0101">"Phylogenetic classification of living and fossil ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii)"</a>. <i>Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History</i>. <b>65</b>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3374%2F014.065.0101">10.3374/014.065.0101</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+Peabody+Museum+of+Natural+History&rft.atitle=Phylogenetic+classification+of+living+and+fossil+ray-finned+fishes+%28Actinopterygii%29&rft.volume=65&rft.date=2024-04-18&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3374%2F014.065.0101&rft.aulast=Near&rft.aufirst=Thomas+J&rft.au=Thacker%2C+Christine+E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.3374%252F014.065.0101&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Patterson1993-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Patterson1993_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Patterson1993_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPatterson,_C.1993" class="citation book cs1">Patterson, C. (1993). "Osteichthyes: Teleostei". In Benton, M.J. (ed.). <i>The Fossil Record 2</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/Chapman_%26_Hall" title="Chapman & Hall">Chapman & Hall</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">621–</span>656.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Osteichthyes%3A+Teleostei&rft.btitle=The+Fossil+Record+2&rft.place=London&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E621-%3C%2Fspan%3E656&rft.pub=Chapman+%26+Hall&rft.date=1993&rft.au=Patterson%2C+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Afrocascudo-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Afrocascudo_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Afrocascudo_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Afrocascudo_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBritoDutheilGueriauKeith2024" class="citation journal cs1">Brito, P. M.; Dutheil, D. B.; Gueriau, P.; Keith, P.; Carnevale, G.; Britto, M.; Meunier, F. J.; Khalloufi, B.; King, A.; de Amorim, P. F.; Costa, W. J. E. M. (2024). "A saharan fossil and the dawn of Neotropical armoured catfishes in Gondwana". <i>Gondwana Research</i>. <b>132</b>: <span class="nowrap">103–</span>112. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2024GondR.132..103B">2024GondR.132..103B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.gr.2024.04.008">10.1016/j.gr.2024.04.008</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gondwana+Research&rft.atitle=A+saharan+fossil+and+the+dawn+of+Neotropical+armoured+catfishes+in+Gondwana&rft.volume=132&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E103-%3C%2Fspan%3E112&rft.date=2024&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.gr.2024.04.008&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2024GondR.132..103B&rft.aulast=Brito&rft.aufirst=P.+M.&rft.au=Dutheil%2C+D.+B.&rft.au=Gueriau%2C+P.&rft.au=Keith%2C+P.&rft.au=Carnevale%2C+G.&rft.au=Britto%2C+M.&rft.au=Meunier%2C+F.+J.&rft.au=Khalloufi%2C+B.&rft.au=King%2C+A.&rft.au=de+Amorim%2C+P.+F.&rft.au=Costa%2C+W.+J.+E.+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wang2016-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wang2016_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWangLuZanChai2016" class="citation journal cs1">Wang, Jing; Lu, Bin; Zan, Ruiguang; Chai, Jing; Ma, Wei; Jin, Wei; Duan, Rongyao; Luo, Jing; Murphy, Robert W.; Xiao, Heng; Chen, Ziming (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4713424">"Phylogenetic Relationships of Five Asian Schilbid Genera Including <i>Clupisoma</i> (Siluriformes: Schilbeidae)"</a>. <i>PLOS ONE</i>. <b>11</b> (1): e0145675. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PLoSO..1145675W">2016PLoSO..1145675W</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0145675">10.1371/journal.pone.0145675</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4713424">4713424</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26751688">26751688</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+ONE&rft.atitle=Phylogenetic+Relationships+of+Five+Asian+Schilbid+Genera+Including+Clupisoma+%28Siluriformes%3A+Schilbeidae%29&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=e0145675&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4713424%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26751688&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0145675&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2016PLoSO..1145675W&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Jing&rft.au=Lu%2C+Bin&rft.au=Zan%2C+Ruiguang&rft.au=Chai%2C+Jing&rft.au=Ma%2C+Wei&rft.au=Jin%2C+Wei&rft.au=Duan%2C+Rongyao&rft.au=Luo%2C+Jing&rft.au=Murphy%2C+Robert+W.&rft.au=Xiao%2C+Heng&rft.au=Chen%2C+Ziming&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4713424&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFroesePauly" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Froese" title="Rainer Froese">Froese, Rainer</a>; <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Pauly" title="Daniel Pauly">Pauly, Daniel</a> (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/OrdersSummary.php?order=Siluriformes">"Order Siluriformes"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/FishBase" title="FishBase">FishBase</a></i>. December 2011 version.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FishBase&rft.atitle=Order+Siluriformes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fishbase.org%2FSummary%2FOrdersSummary.php%3Forder%3DSiluriformes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aworld-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-aworld_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://animal-world.com/encyclo/fresh/catfish/catfish.htm">Catfish Varieties</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120417234946/http://animal-world.com/encyclo/fresh/catfish/catfish.htm">Archived</a> 17 April 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. animal-world.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-samer-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-samer_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wong, Kate (6 June 2001) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=how-nocturnal-catfish-sta">"How Nocturnal Catfish Stalk Their Prey"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110320110006/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=how-nocturnal-catfish-sta">Archived</a> 20 March 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Scientific American</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sullivan-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sullivan_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sullivan_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sullivan_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sullivan_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSullivanLundberg_JGHardman_M2006" class="citation journal cs1">Sullivan, JP; Lundberg JG; Hardman M (2006). "A phylogenetic analysis of the major groups of catfish (Teleostei: Siluriformes) using rag1 and rag2 nuclear gene sequences". <i>Mol Phylogenet Evol</i>. <b>41</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">636–</span>62. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006MolPE..41..636S">2006MolPE..41..636S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ympev.2006.05.044">10.1016/j.ympev.2006.05.044</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16876440">16876440</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mol+Phylogenet+Evol&rft.atitle=A+phylogenetic+analysis+of+the+major+groups+of+catfish+%28Teleostei%3A+Siluriformes%29+using+rag1+and+rag2+nuclear+gene+sequences&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E636-%3C%2Fspan%3E62&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16876440&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ympev.2006.05.044&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2006MolPE..41..636S&rft.aulast=Sullivan&rft.aufirst=JP&rft.au=Lundberg+JG&rft.au=Hardman+M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nelson-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nelson_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nelson_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nelson_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nelson_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nelson_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nelson_9-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nelson_9-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nelson_9-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nelson_9-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNelson2006" class="citation book cs1">Nelson, Joseph S. (2006). <a href="/wiki/Fishes_of_the_World" title="Fishes of the World"><i>Fishes of the World</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wiley & Sons">John Wiley & Sons</a>, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-471-25031-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-471-25031-9"><bdi>978-0-471-25031-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fishes+of+the+World&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons%2C+Inc&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-471-25031-9&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=Joseph+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ferraris-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ferraris_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ferraris_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFerrarisMiyaAzumaNishida2007" class="citation journal cs1">Ferraris, Carl J. Jr.; Miya, M; Azuma, Y; Nishida, M (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mapress.com/zootaxa/2007f/zt01418p300.pdf">"Checklist of catfish, recent and fossil (Osteichthyes: Siluriformes), and catalogue of siluriform primary types"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Zootaxa" title="Zootaxa">Zootaxa</a></i>. <b>1418</b>: <span class="nowrap">1–</span>628. <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.232.798">10.1.1.232.798</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.11646%2Fzootaxa.1418.1.1">10.11646/zootaxa.1418.1.1</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080414082401/http://mapress.com/zootaxa/2007f/zt01418p300.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 14 April 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zootaxa&rft.atitle=Checklist+of+catfish%2C+recent+and+fossil+%28Osteichthyes%3A+Siluriformes%29%2C+and+catalogue+of+siluriform+primary+types&rft.volume=1418&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E628&rft.date=2007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.232.798%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.11646%2Fzootaxa.1418.1.1&rft.aulast=Ferraris&rft.aufirst=Carl+J.+Jr.&rft.au=Miya%2C+M&rft.au=Azuma%2C+Y&rft.au=Nishida%2C+M&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmapress.com%2Fzootaxa%2F2007f%2Fzt01418p300.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tol-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tol_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tol_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tol_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tol_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tol_11-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tol_11-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLundbergFriel,_John_P.2003" class="citation web cs1">Lundberg, John G.; Friel, John P. (20 January 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tolweb.org/tree?group=Siluriformes&contgroup=Ostariophysi">"Siluriformes"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tree_of_Life_Web_Project" title="Tree of Life Web Project">Tree of Life Web Project</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070128012752/http://tolweb.org/tree?group=Siluriformes&contgroup=Ostariophysi">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Siluriformes&rft.pub=Tree+of+Life+Web+Project&rft.date=2003-01-20&rft.aulast=Lundberg&rft.aufirst=John+G.&rft.au=Friel%2C+John+P.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftolweb.org%2Ftree%3Fgroup%3DSiluriformes%26contgroup%3DOstariophysi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStringerSchwarzhans2021" class="citation journal cs1">Stringer, Gary; Schwarzhans, Werner (1 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cretres.2021.104867">"Upper Cretaceous teleostean otoliths from the Severn Formation (Maastrichtian) of Maryland, USA, with an unusual occurrence of Siluriformes and Beryciformes and the oldest Atlantic coast Gadiformes"</a>. <i>Cretaceous Research</i>. <b>125</b>: 104867. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021CrRes.12504867S">2021CrRes.12504867S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cretres.2021.104867">10.1016/j.cretres.2021.104867</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0195-6671">0195-6671</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cretaceous+Research&rft.atitle=Upper+Cretaceous+teleostean+otoliths+from+the+Severn+Formation+%28Maastrichtian%29+of+Maryland%2C+USA%2C+with+an+unusual+occurrence+of+Siluriformes+and+Beryciformes+and+the+oldest+Atlantic+coast+Gadiformes&rft.volume=125&rft.pages=104867&rft.date=2021-09-01&rft.issn=0195-6671&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.cretres.2021.104867&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2021CrRes.12504867S&rft.aulast=Stringer&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft.au=Schwarzhans%2C+Werner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.cretres.2021.104867&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cavin2017-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cavin2017_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cavin2017_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCavin2017" class="citation cs2">Cavin, Lionel (2017), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-78548-138-3.50004-2">"Evolutionary Histories of Freshwater Fishes"</a>, <i>Freshwater Fishes: 250 Million Years of Evolutionary History</i>, Elsevier, pp. <span class="nowrap">53–</span>125, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78548-138-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78548-138-3"><bdi>978-1-78548-138-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2024</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Freshwater+Fishes%3A+250+Million+Years+of+Evolutionary+History&rft.atitle=Evolutionary+Histories+of+Freshwater+Fishes&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E53-%3C%2Fspan%3E125&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-78548-138-3&rft.aulast=Cavin&rft.aufirst=Lionel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1016%2Fb978-1-78548-138-3.50004-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBritz,_R.Pinion,_Amanda_K.Kubicek,_Kole_M.Conway,_Kevin_W.2024" class="citation journal cs1">Britz, R.; Pinion, Amanda K.; Kubicek, Kole M.; Conway, Kevin W. (2024). "Comment on "A Saharan fossil and the dawn of Neotropical armoured catfishes in Gondwana" by Brito et al". <i>Gondwana Research</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.gr.2024.06.014">10.1016/j.gr.2024.06.014</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gondwana+Research&rft.atitle=Comment+on+%E2%80%9CA+Saharan+fossil+and+the+dawn+of+Neotropical+armoured+catfishes+in+Gondwana%E2%80%9D+by+Brito+et+al&rft.date=2024&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.gr.2024.06.014&rft.au=Britz%2C+R.&rft.au=Pinion%2C+Amanda+K.&rft.au=Kubicek%2C+Kole+M.&rft.au=Conway%2C+Kevin+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBritoDutheilKeithCarnevale2024" class="citation journal cs1">Brito, Paulo M.; Dutheil, Didier B.; Keith, Philippe; Carnevale, Giorgio; Meunier, François J.; Khalloufi, Bouziane; Gueriau, Pierre (2024). "A reply to a comment on Brito et al., 2024, A Saharan fossil and the dawn of the Neotropical armoured catfishes in Gondwana by Britz, Pinion, Kubicek and Conway". <i>Gondwana Research</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.gr.2024.06.013">10.1016/j.gr.2024.06.013</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gondwana+Research&rft.atitle=A+reply+to+a+comment+on+Brito+et+al.%2C+2024%2C+A+Saharan+fossil+and+the+dawn+of+the+Neotropical+armoured+catfishes+in+Gondwana+by+Britz%2C+Pinion%2C+Kubicek+and+Conway&rft.date=2024&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.gr.2024.06.013&rft.aulast=Brito&rft.aufirst=Paulo+M.&rft.au=Dutheil%2C+Didier+B.&rft.au=Keith%2C+Philippe&rft.au=Carnevale%2C+Giorgio&rft.au=Meunier%2C+Fran%C3%A7ois+J.&rft.au=Khalloufi%2C+Bouziane&rft.au=Gueriau%2C+Pierre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://silurus.acnatsci.org/ACSI/taxa/Families.html">"Catfish Families"</a>. All Catfish Species Inventory. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070502195241/http://silurus.acnatsci.org/ACSI/taxa/Families.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 May 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Catfish+Families&rft.pub=All+Catfish+Species+Inventory&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsilurus.acnatsci.org%2FACSI%2Ftaxa%2FFamilies.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFroesePauly" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Froese" title="Rainer Froese">Froese, Rainer</a>; <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Pauly" title="Daniel Pauly">Pauly, Daniel</a> (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/FamilySummary.php?family=Parakysidae">"Family Parakysidae"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/FishBase" title="FishBase">FishBase</a></i>. April 2007 version.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FishBase&rft.atitle=Family+Parakysidae&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fishbase.org%2FSummary%2FFamilySummary.php%3Ffamily%3DParakysidae&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=553185">"Parakysidae"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">Integrated Taxonomic Information System</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Parakysidae&rft.pub=Integrated+Taxonomic+Information+System&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.itis.gov%2Fservlet%2FSingleRpt%2FSingleRpt%3Fsearch_topic%3DTSN%26search_value%3D553185&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Anchariidae-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Anchariidae_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNgSparks,_John_S.2005" class="citation journal cs1">Ng, Heok Hee; Sparks, John S. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pfeil-verlag.de/04biol/pdf/ief16_4_02.pdf">"Revision of the endemic Malagasy catfish family Anchariidae (Teleostei: Siluriformes), with descriptions of a new genus and three new species"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters</i>. <b>16</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">303–</span>323. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071215172203/http://www.pfeil-verlag.de/04biol/pdf/ief16_4_02.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 15 December 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ichthyol.+Explor.+Freshwaters&rft.atitle=Revision+of+the+endemic+Malagasy+catfish+family+Anchariidae+%28Teleostei%3A+Siluriformes%29%2C+with+descriptions+of+a+new+genus+and+three+new+species&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E303-%3C%2Fspan%3E323&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Ng&rft.aufirst=Heok+Hee&rft.au=Sparks%2C+John+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pfeil-verlag.de%2F04biol%2Fpdf%2Fief16_4_02.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-neotropdiversity-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-neotropdiversity_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFerrarisReis,_Roberto_E.2005" class="citation journal cs1">Ferraris, Carl J. Jr.; <a href="/wiki/Roberto_Esser_dos_Reis" title="Roberto Esser dos Reis">Reis, Roberto E.</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1590%2FS1679-62252005000400001">"Neotropical catfish diversity: an historical perspective"</a>. <i>Neotropical Ichthyology</i>. <b>3</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">453–</span>454. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1590%2FS1679-62252005000400001">10.1590/S1679-62252005000400001</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neotropical+Ichthyology&rft.atitle=Neotropical+catfish+diversity%3A+an+historical+perspective&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E453-%3C%2Fspan%3E454&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1590%2FS1679-62252005000400001&rft.aulast=Ferraris&rft.aufirst=Carl+J.+Jr.&rft.au=Reis%2C+Roberto+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1590%252FS1679-62252005000400001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rodiles-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rodiles_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRodiles-HernándezHendrickson,_Dean_A.Lundberg,_John_G.Humphries,_Julian_M.2005" class="citation journal cs1">Rodiles-Hernández, Rocío; Hendrickson, Dean A.; Lundberg, John G.; Humphries, Julian M. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biostor.org/reference/15994">"<i>Lacantunia enigmatica</i> (Teleostei: Siluriformes) a new and phylogenetically puzzling freshwater fish from Mesoamerica"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Zootaxa" title="Zootaxa">Zootaxa</a></i>. <b>1000</b>: <span class="nowrap">1–</span>24. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.11646%2Fzootaxa.1000.1.1">10.11646/zootaxa.1000.1.1</a></span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025015806/http://biostor.org/reference/15994">Archived</a> from the original on 25 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zootaxa&rft.atitle=Lacantunia+enigmatica+%28Teleostei%3A+Siluriformes%29+a+new+and+phylogenetically+puzzling+freshwater+fish+from+Mesoamerica&rft.volume=1000&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E24&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.11646%2Fzootaxa.1000.1.1&rft.aulast=Rodiles-Hern%C3%A1ndez&rft.aufirst=Roc%C3%ADo&rft.au=Hendrickson%2C+Dean+A.&rft.au=Lundberg%2C+John+G.&rft.au=Humphries%2C+Julian+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbiostor.org%2Freference%2F15994&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFArcilaOrtíVariArmbruster2017" class="citation journal cs1">Arcila, Dahiana; Ortí, Guillermo; Vari, Richard; Armbruster, Jonathan W.; Stiassny, Melanie L. J.; Ko, Kyung D.; Sabaj, Mark H.; Lundberg, John; Revell, Liam J. (13 January 2017). "Genome-wide interrogation advances resolution of recalcitrant groups in the tree of life". <i>Nature Ecology & Evolution</i>. <b>1</b> (2): 0020. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017NatEE...1...20A">2017NatEE...1...20A</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41559-016-0020">10.1038/s41559-016-0020</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28812610">28812610</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:16535732">16535732</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Ecology+%26+Evolution&rft.atitle=Genome-wide+interrogation+advances+resolution+of+recalcitrant+groups+in+the+tree+of+life&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=0020&rft.date=2017-01-13&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41559-016-0020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A16535732%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28812610&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2017NatEE...1...20A&rft.aulast=Arcila&rft.aufirst=Dahiana&rft.au=Ort%C3%AD%2C+Guillermo&rft.au=Vari%2C+Richard&rft.au=Armbruster%2C+Jonathan+W.&rft.au=Stiassny%2C+Melanie+L.+J.&rft.au=Ko%2C+Kyung+D.&rft.au=Sabaj%2C+Mark+H.&rft.au=Lundberg%2C+John&rft.au=Revell%2C+Liam+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChenLavouéMayden2013" class="citation journal cs1">Chen, Wei-Jen; Lavoué, Sébastien; Mayden, Richard L. (9 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fevo.12104">"Evolutionary Origin and Early Biogeography of Otophysan Fishes (Ostariophysi: Teleostei)"</a>. <i>Evolution</i>. <b>67</b> (8): <span class="nowrap">2218–</span>2239. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fevo.12104">10.1111/evo.12104</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23888847">23888847</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:40056087">40056087</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Evolution&rft.atitle=Evolutionary+Origin+and+Early+Biogeography+of+Otophysan+Fishes+%28Ostariophysi%3A+Teleostei%29&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E2218-%3C%2Fspan%3E2239&rft.date=2013-04-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A40056087%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23888847&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fevo.12104&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Wei-Jen&rft.au=Lavou%C3%A9%2C+S%C3%A9bastien&rft.au=Mayden%2C+Richard+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1111%252Fevo.12104&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRivera-RiveraMontoya-Burgos2018" class="citation journal cs1">Rivera-Rivera, Carlos J.; Montoya-Burgos, Juan I. (October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ympev.2018.06.004">"Back to the roots: Reducing evolutionary rate heterogeneity among sequences gives support for the early morphological hypothesis of the root of Siluriformes (Teleostei: Ostariophysi)"</a>. <i>Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution</i>. <b>127</b>: <span class="nowrap">272–</span>279. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MolPE.127..272R">2018MolPE.127..272R</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ympev.2018.06.004">10.1016/j.ympev.2018.06.004</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29885935">29885935</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:47014511">47014511</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Phylogenetics+and+Evolution&rft.atitle=Back+to+the+roots%3A+Reducing+evolutionary+rate+heterogeneity+among+sequences+gives+support+for+the+early+morphological+hypothesis+of+the+root+of+Siluriformes+%28Teleostei%3A+Ostariophysi%29&rft.volume=127&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E272-%3C%2Fspan%3E279&rft.date=2018-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ympev.2018.06.004&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A47014511%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29885935&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2018MolPE.127..272R&rft.aulast=Rivera-Rivera&rft.aufirst=Carlos+J.&rft.au=Montoya-Burgos%2C+Juan+I.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.ympev.2018.06.004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDiogo2004" class="citation journal cs1">Diogo, Rui (1 November 2004). "Phylogeny, origin and biogeography of catfishes: support for a Pangean origin of 'modern teleosts' and reexamination of some Mesozoic Pangean connections between the Gondwanan and Laurasian supercontinents". <i>Animal Biologyn</i>. <b>54</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">331–</span>351. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F1570756042729546">10.1163/1570756042729546</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Animal+Biologyn&rft.atitle=Phylogeny%2C+origin+and+biogeography+of+catfishes%3A+support+for+a+Pangean+origin+of+%27modern+teleosts%27+and+reexamination+of+some+Mesozoic+Pangean+connections+between+the+Gondwanan+and+Laurasian+supercontinents&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E331-%3C%2Fspan%3E351&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F1570756042729546&rft.aulast=Diogo&rft.aufirst=Rui&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRui.2007" class="citation book cs1">Rui., Diogo (2007). <i>The origin of higher clades : osteology, myology, phylogeny and evolution of bony fishes and the rise of tetrapods</i>. Enfield, NH: Science Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781578085590" title="Special:BookSources/9781578085590"><bdi>9781578085590</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/680560456">680560456</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+origin+of+higher+clades+%3A+osteology%2C+myology%2C+phylogeny+and+evolution+of+bony+fishes+and+the+rise+of+tetrapods&rft.place=Enfield%2C+NH&rft.pub=Science+Publishers&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F680560456&rft.isbn=9781578085590&rft.aulast=Rui.&rft.aufirst=Diogo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFYang2011" class="citation journal cs1">Yang, Lei (April 2011). "GONORYNCHIFORMES AND OSTARIOPHYSAN RELATIONSHIPS: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW - Edited by T. Grande, F. J. Poyato-Ariza and R. Diogo". <i>Journal of Fish Biology</i>. <b>78</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">1277–</span>1278. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011JFBio..78.1277Y">2011JFBio..78.1277Y</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1095-8649.2011.02907.x">10.1111/j.1095-8649.2011.02907.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Fish+Biology&rft.atitle=GONORYNCHIFORMES+AND+OSTARIOPHYSAN+RELATIONSHIPS%3A+A+COMPREHENSIVE+REVIEW+-+Edited+by+T.+Grande%2C+F.+J.+Poyato-Ariza+and+R.+Diogo&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1277-%3C%2Fspan%3E1278&rft.date=2011-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1095-8649.2011.02907.x&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2011JFBio..78.1277Y&rft.aulast=Yang&rft.aufirst=Lei&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNakataniMiyaMabuchiSaitoh2011" class="citation journal cs1">Nakatani, Masanori; Miya, Masaki; Mabuchi, Kohji; Saitoh, Kenji; Nishida, Mutsumi (22 June 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3141434">"Evolutionary history of Otophysi (Teleostei), a major clade of the modern freshwater fishes: Pangaean origin and Mesozoic radiation"</a>. <i>BMC Evolutionary Biology</i>. <b>11</b> (1): 177. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011BMCEE..11..177N">2011BMCEE..11..177N</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2F1471-2148-11-177">10.1186/1471-2148-11-177</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3141434">3141434</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21693066">21693066</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMC+Evolutionary+Biology&rft.atitle=Evolutionary+history+of+Otophysi+%28Teleostei%29%2C+a+major+clade+of+the+modern+freshwater+fishes%3A+Pangaean+origin+and+Mesozoic+radiation&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=177&rft.date=2011-06-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3141434%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21693066&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2F1471-2148-11-177&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2011BMCEE..11..177N&rft.aulast=Nakatani&rft.aufirst=Masanori&rft.au=Miya%2C+Masaki&rft.au=Mabuchi%2C+Kohji&rft.au=Saitoh%2C+Kenji&rft.au=Nishida%2C+Mutsumi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3141434&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRivera-RiveraMontoya-Burgos2019" class="citation journal cs1">Rivera-Rivera, Carlos J.; Montoya-Burgos, Juan I. (13 August 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6693147">"LSX: automated reduction of gene-specific lineage evolutionary rate heterogeneity for multi-gene phylogeny inference"</a>. <i>BMC Bioinformatics</i>. <b>20</b> (1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 420. <a href="/wiki/BioRxiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="BioRxiv (identifier)">bioRxiv</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1101%2F220053">10.1101/220053</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs12859-019-3020-1">10.1186/s12859-019-3020-1</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6693147">6693147</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31409290">31409290</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMC+Bioinformatics&rft.atitle=LSX%3A+automated+reduction+of+gene-specific+lineage+evolutionary+rate+heterogeneity+for+multi-gene+phylogeny+inference&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=420&rft.date=2019-08-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6693147%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31409290&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2Fs12859-019-3020-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1101%2F220053%23id-name%3DbioRxiv&rft.aulast=Rivera-Rivera&rft.aufirst=Carlos+J.&rft.au=Montoya-Burgos%2C+Juan+I.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6693147&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLundbergSullivan,_John_P.Rodiles-Hernández,_RocíoHendrickson,_Dean_A.2007" class="citation journal cs1">Lundberg, John G.; Sullivan, John P.; Rodiles-Hernández, Rocío; Hendrickson, Dean A. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090326130159/https://webspace.utexas.edu/deanhend/www/pdfs/Lundberg_2007_African_roots_Lacantunia.pdf">"Discovery of African roots for the Mesoamerican Chiapas catfish, <i>Lacantunia enigmatica</i>, requires an ancient intercontinental passage"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia</i>. <b>156</b>: <span class="nowrap">39–</span>53. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1635%2F0097-3157%282007%29156%5B39%3ADOARFT%5D2.0.CO%3B2">10.1635/0097-3157(2007)156[39:DOARFT]2.0.CO;2</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4171034">4171034</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://webspace.utexas.edu/deanhend/www/pdfs/Lundberg_2007_African_roots_Lacantunia.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 26 March 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Academy+of+Natural+Sciences+of+Philadelphia&rft.atitle=Discovery+of+African+roots+for+the+Mesoamerican+Chiapas+catfish%2C+Lacantunia+enigmatica%2C+requires+an+ancient+intercontinental+passage&rft.volume=156&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E39-%3C%2Fspan%3E53&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1635%2F0097-3157%282007%29156%5B39%3ADOARFT%5D2.0.CO%3B2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4171034%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Lundberg&rft.aufirst=John+G.&rft.au=Sullivan%2C+John+P.&rft.au=Rodiles-Hern%C3%A1ndez%2C+Roc%C3%ADo&rft.au=Hendrickson%2C+Dean+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwebspace.utexas.edu%2Fdeanhend%2Fwww%2Fpdfs%2FLundberg_2007_African_roots_Lacantunia.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBetancur-RodriguezEdward_O._WileyGloria_ArratiaArturo_Acero2017" class="citation journal cs1">Betancur-Rodriguez, Ricardo; Edward O. Wiley; Gloria Arratia; Arturo Acero; Nicolas Bailly; Masaki Miya; Guillaume Lecointre; Guillermo Ortí (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5501477">"Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes"</a>. <i>BMC Evolutionary Biology</i>. <b>17</b> (162) (4 ed.): 162. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017BMCEE..17..162B">2017BMCEE..17..162B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs12862-017-0958-3">10.1186/s12862-017-0958-3</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5501477">5501477</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28683774">28683774</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMC+Evolutionary+Biology&rft.atitle=Phylogenetic+classification+of+bony+fishes&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=162&rft.pages=162&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5501477%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28683774&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2Fs12862-017-0958-3&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2017BMCEE..17..162B&rft.aulast=Betancur-Rodriguez&rft.aufirst=Ricardo&rft.au=Edward+O.+Wiley&rft.au=Gloria+Arratia&rft.au=Arturo+Acero&rft.au=Nicolas+Bailly&rft.au=Masaki+Miya&rft.au=Guillaume+Lecointre&rft.au=Guillermo+Ort%C3%AD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5501477&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNelsonTerry_C._GrandeMark_V._H._Wilson2016" class="citation book cs1">Nelson, Joseph S.; Terry C. Grande; Mark V. H. Wilson (2016). <i>Fishes of the World</i> (5 ed.). John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781118342336" title="Special:BookSources/9781118342336"><bdi>9781118342336</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fishes+of+the+World&rft.edition=5&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9781118342336&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=Joseph+S.&rft.au=Terry+C.+Grande&rft.au=Mark+V.+H.+Wilson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bruton-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bruton_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bruton_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bruton_33-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bruton_33-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bruton_33-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bruton_33-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bruton_33-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bruton_33-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bruton_33-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBruton1996" class="citation journal cs1">Bruton, Michael N. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1051%2Falr%3A1996040">"Alternative life-history strategies of catfishes"</a>. <i>Aquat. Living Resour</i>. <b>9</b>: <span class="nowrap">35–</span>41. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1051%2Falr%3A1996040">10.1051/alr:1996040</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:85428351">85428351</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquat.+Living+Resour.&rft.atitle=Alternative+life-history+strategies+of+catfishes&rft.volume=9&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E35-%3C%2Fspan%3E41&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1051%2Falr%3A1996040&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A85428351%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Bruton&rft.aufirst=Michael+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1051%252Falr%253A1996040&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLangeckerLongley,_Glenn1993" class="citation journal cs1">Langecker, Thomas G.; Longley, Glenn (1993). "Morphological Adaptations of the Texas Blind Catfishes <i>Trogloglanis pattersoni</i> and <i>Satan eurystomus</i> (Siluriformes: Ictaluridae) to Their Underground Environment". <i><a href="/wiki/Copeia" class="mw-redirect" title="Copeia">Copeia</a></i>. <b>1993</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">976–</span>986. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1447075">10.2307/1447075</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1447075">1447075</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Copeia&rft.atitle=Morphological+Adaptations+of+the+Texas+Blind+Catfishes+Trogloglanis+pattersoni+and+Satan+eurystomus+%28Siluriformes%3A+Ictaluridae%29+to+Their+Underground+Environment&rft.volume=1993&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E976-%3C%2Fspan%3E986&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1447075&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1447075%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Langecker&rft.aufirst=Thomas+G.&rft.au=Longley%2C+Glenn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHendricksonKrejca,_Jean_K.Martinez,_Juan_Manuel_Rodríguez2001" class="citation journal cs1">Hendrickson, Dean A.; Krejca, Jean K.; Martinez, Juan Manuel Rodríguez (2001). "Mexican blindcats genus <i>Prietella</i> (Siluriformes: Ictaluridae): an overview of recent explorations". <i>Environmental Biology of Fishes</i>. <b>62</b> (<span class="nowrap">1–</span>3): <span class="nowrap">315–</span>337. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001EnvBF..62..315H">2001EnvBF..62..315H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1023%2FA%3A1011808805094">10.1023/A:1011808805094</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:19962442">19962442</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Biology+of+Fishes&rft.atitle=Mexican+blindcats+genus+Prietella+%28Siluriformes%3A+Ictaluridae%29%3A+an+overview+of+recent+explorations&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1%E2%80%93%3C%2Fspan%3E3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E315-%3C%2Fspan%3E337&rft.date=2001&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A19962442%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1023%2FA%3A1011808805094&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2001EnvBF..62..315H&rft.aulast=Hendrickson&rft.aufirst=Dean+A.&rft.au=Krejca%2C+Jean+K.&rft.au=Martinez%2C+Juan+Manuel+Rodr%C3%ADguez&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pcisternarum-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pcisternarum_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFroesePauly" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Froese" title="Rainer Froese">Froese, Rainer</a>; <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Pauly" title="Daniel Pauly">Pauly, Daniel</a> (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?genusname=Phreatobius&speciesname=cisternarum">"<i>Phreatobius cisternarum</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/FishBase" title="FishBase">FishBase</a></i>. Apr 2007 version.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FishBase&rft.atitle=Phreatobius+cisternarum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fishbase.org%2Fsummary%2FSpeciesSummary.php%3Fgenusname%3DPhreatobius%26speciesname%3Dcisternarum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Monks N. (editor): <i>Brackish Water Fishes</i>, TFH 2006, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7938-0564-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7938-0564-3">0-7938-0564-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schäfer F: <i>Brackish Water Fishes</i>, Aqualog 2005, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-936027-82-X" title="Special:BookSources/3-936027-82-X">3-936027-82-X</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/publications/pwdpubs/media/pwd_br_t3200_0236.pdf">"Texas Dept. Wildlife"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120221021704/https://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/publications/pwdpubs/media/pwd_br_t3200_0236.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 21 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Texas+Dept.+Wildlife&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tpwd.state.tx.us%2Fpublications%2Fpwdpubs%2Fmedia%2Fpwd_br_t3200_0236.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.friendsofwoodlandpark.org/catfish">"Catfish"</a>. <i>Friends of Woodland Park</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230614015117/https://www.friendsofwoodlandpark.org/catfish">Archived</a> from the original on 14 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Friends+of+Woodland+Park&rft.atitle=Catfish&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.friendsofwoodlandpark.org%2Fcatfish&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNicoMartin,_R._Trent2001" class="citation journal cs1">Nico, Leo G.; Martin, R. Trent (2001). "The South American Suckermouth Armored Catfish, <i>Pterygoplichthys anisitsi</i> (Pisces: Loricaridae), in Texas, with Comments on Foreign Fish Introductions in the American Southwest". <i>The Southwestern Naturalist</i>. <b>46</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">98–</span>104. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3672381">10.2307/3672381</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3672381">3672381</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Southwestern+Naturalist&rft.atitle=The+South+American+Suckermouth+Armored+Catfish%2C+Pterygoplichthys+anisitsi+%28Pisces%3A+Loricaridae%29%2C+in+Texas%2C+with+Comments+on+Foreign+Fish+Introductions+in+the+American+Southwest&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E98-%3C%2Fspan%3E104&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3672381&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3672381%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Nico&rft.aufirst=Leo+G.&rft.au=Martin%2C+R.+Trent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWakida-KusunokiaRuiz-Carusb,_RamonAmador-del-Angelc,_Enrique2007" class="citation journal cs1">Wakida-Kusunokia, Armando T.; Ruiz-Carusb, Ramon; Amador-del-Angelc, Enrique (2007). "Amazon Sailfin Catfish, <i>Pterygoplichthys pardalis</i> (Castelnau, 1855) (Loricariidae), Another Exotic Species Established in Southeastern Mexico". <i>The Southwestern Naturalist</i>. <b>52</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">141–</span>144. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1894%2F0038-4909%282007%2952%5B141%3AASCPPC%5D2.0.CO%3B2">10.1894/0038-4909(2007)52[141:ASCPPC]2.0.CO;2</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:86847378">86847378</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Southwestern+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Amazon+Sailfin+Catfish%2C+Pterygoplichthys+pardalis+%28Castelnau%2C+1855%29+%28Loricariidae%29%2C+Another+Exotic+Species+Established+in+Southeastern+Mexico&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E141-%3C%2Fspan%3E144&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1894%2F0038-4909%282007%2952%5B141%3AASCPPC%5D2.0.CO%3B2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A86847378%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Wakida-Kusunokia&rft.aufirst=Armando+T.&rft.au=Ruiz-Carusb%2C+Ramon&rft.au=Amador-del-Angelc%2C+Enrique&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChavezde_la_Paz,_Reynaldo_M.Manohar,_Surya_KrishnaPagulayan,_Roberto_C.2006" class="citation journal cs1">Chavez, Joel M.; de la Paz, Reynaldo M.; Manohar, Surya Krishna; Pagulayan, Roberto C.; Carandang Vi, Jose R. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2006f/zt01109p068.pdf">"New Philippine record of South American sailfin catfishes (Pisces: Loricariidae)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Zootaxa" title="Zootaxa">Zootaxa</a></i>. <b>1109</b>: <span class="nowrap">57–</span>68. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.11646%2Fzootaxa.1109.1.6">10.11646/zootaxa.1109.1.6</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061031235535/http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2006f/zt01109p068.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 31 October 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zootaxa&rft.atitle=New+Philippine+record+of+South+American+sailfin+catfishes+%28Pisces%3A+Loricariidae%29&rft.volume=1109&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E57-%3C%2Fspan%3E68&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.11646%2Fzootaxa.1109.1.6&rft.aulast=Chavez&rft.aufirst=Joel+M.&rft.au=de+la+Paz%2C+Reynaldo+M.&rft.au=Manohar%2C+Surya+Krishna&rft.au=Pagulayan%2C+Roberto+C.&rft.au=Carandang+Vi%2C+Jose+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mapress.com%2Fzootaxa%2F2006f%2Fzt01109p068.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBunkley-WilliamsWilliams,_Ernest_H._Jr.Lilystrom,_Craig_G.Corujo-Flores,_Iris1994" class="citation journal cs1">Bunkley-Williams, Lucy; Williams, Ernest H. Jr.; Lilystrom, Craig G.; Corujo-Flores, Iris; Zerbi, Alfonso J.; Aliaume, Catherine; Churchill, Timothy N. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090304213101/http://academic.uprm.edu/publications/cjs/VOL30/P090-094.PDF">"The South American Sailfin Armored Catfish, <i>Liposarcus multiradiatus</i> (Hancock), a New Exotic Established in Puerto Rican Fresh Waters"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Caribbean Journal of Science</i>. <b>30</b> (<span class="nowrap">1–</span>2): <span class="nowrap">90–</span>94. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://academic.uprm.edu/publications/cjs/VOL30/P090-094.PDF">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 4 March 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Caribbean+Journal+of+Science&rft.atitle=The+South+American+Sailfin+Armored+Catfish%2C+Liposarcus+multiradiatus+%28Hancock%29%2C+a+New+Exotic+Established+in+Puerto+Rican+Fresh+Waters&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1%E2%80%93%3C%2Fspan%3E2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E90-%3C%2Fspan%3E94&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Bunkley-Williams&rft.aufirst=Lucy&rft.au=Williams%2C+Ernest+H.+Jr.&rft.au=Lilystrom%2C+Craig+G.&rft.au=Corujo-Flores%2C+Iris&rft.au=Zerbi%2C+Alfonso+J.&rft.au=Aliaume%2C+Catherine&rft.au=Churchill%2C+Timothy+N.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Facademic.uprm.edu%2Fpublications%2Fcjs%2FVOL30%2FP090-094.PDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLiangWu,_Hsiao-PingShieh,_Bao-Sen2005" class="citation journal cs1">Liang, Shih-Hsiung; Wu, Hsiao-Ping; Shieh, Bao-Sen (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zoolstud.sinica.edu.tw/Journals/44.2/252.pdf">"Size Structure, Reproductive Phenology, and Sex Ratio of an Exotic Armored Catfish (<i>Liposarcus multiradiatus</i>) in the Kaoping River of Southern Taiwan"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Zoological Studies</i>. <b>44</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">252–</span>259. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060506010509/http://zoolstud.sinica.edu.tw/Journals/44.2/252.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 6 May 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zoological+Studies&rft.atitle=Size+Structure%2C+Reproductive+Phenology%2C+and+Sex+Ratio+of+an+Exotic+Armored+Catfish+%28Liposarcus+multiradiatus%29+in+the+Kaoping+River+of+Southern+Taiwan&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E252-%3C%2Fspan%3E259&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Liang&rft.aufirst=Shih-Hsiung&rft.au=Wu%2C+Hsiao-Ping&rft.au=Shieh%2C+Bao-Sen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fzoolstud.sinica.edu.tw%2FJournals%2F44.2%2F252.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Atema, Jelle (1980) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TZbRp0z5-p0C&pg=PA57">"Chemical senses, chemical signals, and feeding behavior in fishes"</a> pp. 57–101. In: Bardach, JE <i>Fish behavior and its use in the capture and culture of fishes</i>, The WorldFish Center, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-971-02-0003-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-971-02-0003-0">978-971-02-0003-0</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFriel,_J_PLundberg,_J_G1996" class="citation journal cs1">Friel, J P; Lundberg, J G (1996). "<i>Micromyzon akamai</i>, gen. et sp. nov., a small and eyeless banjo catfish (Siluriformes: Aspredinidae) from the river channels of the lower Amazon basin". <i><a href="/wiki/Copeia" class="mw-redirect" title="Copeia">Copeia</a></i>. <b>1996</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">641–</span>648. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1447528">10.2307/1447528</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1447528">1447528</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Copeia&rft.atitle=Micromyzon+akamai%2C+gen.+et+sp.+nov.%2C+a+small+and+eyeless+banjo+catfish+%28Siluriformes%3A+Aspredinidae%29+from+the+river+channels+of+the+lower+Amazon+basin&rft.volume=1996&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E641-%3C%2Fspan%3E648&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1447528&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1447528%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Friel%2C+J+P&rft.au=Lundberg%2C+J+G&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fin-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fin_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060603225626/http://www.fcps.k12.va.us/StratfordLandingES/Ecology/mpages/channel_catfish.htm">"Channel Catfish"</a>. Fairfax County Public Schools. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fcps.k12.va.us/StratfordLandingES/Ecology/mpages/channel_catfish.htm">the original</a> on 3 June 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Channel+Catfish&rft.pub=Fairfax+County+Public+Schools&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fcps.k12.va.us%2FStratfordLandingES%2FEcology%2Fmpages%2Fchannel_catfish.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWright2009" class="citation journal cs1">Wright, Jeremy J (4 December 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2791775">"Diversity, phylogenetic distribution, and origins of venomous catfishes"</a>. <i>BMC Evolutionary Biology</i>. <b>9</b> (1): 282. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009BMCEE...9..282W">2009BMCEE...9..282W</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2F1471-2148-9-282">10.1186/1471-2148-9-282</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2791775">2791775</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19961571">19961571</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMC+Evolutionary+Biology&rft.atitle=Diversity%2C+phylogenetic+distribution%2C+and+origins+of+venomous+catfishes&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=282&rft.date=2009-12-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2791775%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19961571&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2F1471-2148-9-282&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2009BMCEE...9..282W&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=Jeremy+J&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2791775&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ballen-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ballen_50-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ballen_50-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBallen,_Gustavo_A.De_Pinna,_Mario_C._C.2022" class="citation journal cs1">Ballen, Gustavo A.; De Pinna, Mario C. C. (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab008">"A standardized terminology of spines in the order Siluriformes (Actinopterygii: Ostariophysi)"</a>. <i>Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</i>. <b>194</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">601–</span>625. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fzoolinnean%2Fzlab008">10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab008</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230923095540/https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/194/2/601/6191677">Archived</a> from the original on 23 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zoological+Journal+of+the+Linnean+Society&rft.atitle=A+standardized+terminology+of+spines+in+the+order+Siluriformes+%28Actinopterygii%3A+Ostariophysi%29&rft.volume=194&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E601-%3C%2Fspan%3E625&rft.date=2022&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fzoolinnean%2Fzlab008&rft.au=Ballen%2C+Gustavo+A.&rft.au=De+Pinna%2C+Mario+C.+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%2Fzoolinnean%2Fzlab008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLundbergBerra,_Tim_M.Friel,_John_P.2004" class="citation journal cs1">Lundberg, John G.; Berra, Tim M.; Friel, John P. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mansfield.osu.edu/assets/mansfield/tberra/pdf/Diplomystes.pdf">"First description of small juveniles of the primitive catfish <i>Diplomystes</i> (Siluriformes: Diplomystidae)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters</i>. <b>15</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">71–</span>82. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211211152811/https://mansfield.osu.edu/assets/mansfield/tberra/pdf/Diplomystes.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 11 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ichthyol.+Explor.+Freshwaters&rft.atitle=First+description+of+small+juveniles+of+the+primitive+catfish+Diplomystes+%28Siluriformes%3A+Diplomystidae%29&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E71-%3C%2Fspan%3E82&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Lundberg&rft.aufirst=John+G.&rft.au=Berra%2C+Tim+M.&rft.au=Friel%2C+John+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmansfield.osu.edu%2Fassets%2Fmansfield%2Ftberra%2Fpdf%2FDiplomystes.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFrielVigliotta,_Thomas_R.2006" class="citation journal cs1">Friel, John P.; Vigliotta, Thomas R. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2006f/zt01125p056.pdf">"<i>Synodontis acanthoperca</i>, a new species from the Ogôoué River system, Gabon with comments on spiny ornamentation and sexual dimorphism in mochokid catfishes (Siluriformes: Mochokidae)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Zootaxa" title="Zootaxa">Zootaxa</a></i>. <b>1125</b>: <span class="nowrap">45–</span>56. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.11646%2Fzootaxa.1125.1.3">10.11646/zootaxa.1125.1.3</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061031234339/http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2006f/zt01125p056.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 31 October 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zootaxa&rft.atitle=Synodontis+acanthoperca%2C+a+new+species+from+the+Og%C3%B4ou%C3%A9+River+system%2C+Gabon+with+comments+on+spiny+ornamentation+and+sexual+dimorphism+in+mochokid+catfishes+%28Siluriformes%3A+Mochokidae%29&rft.volume=1125&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E45-%3C%2Fspan%3E56&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.11646%2Fzootaxa.1125.1.3&rft.aulast=Friel&rft.aufirst=John+P.&rft.au=Vigliotta%2C+Thomas+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mapress.com%2Fzootaxa%2F2006f%2Fzt01125p056.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mazzoldi-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mazzoldi_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mazzoldi_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMazzoldiLorenzi,_V.Rasotto,_M._B.2007" class="citation journal cs1">Mazzoldi, C.; Lorenzi, V.; Rasotto, M. B. (2007). "Variation of male reproductive apparatus in relation to fertilization modalities in the catfish families Auchenipteridae and Callichthyidae (Teleostei: Siluriformes)". <i>Journal of Fish Biology</i>. <b>70</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">243–</span>256. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007JFBio..70..243M">2007JFBio..70..243M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1095-8649.2006.01300.x">10.1111/j.1095-8649.2006.01300.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Fish+Biology&rft.atitle=Variation+of+male+reproductive+apparatus+in+relation+to+fertilization+modalities+in+the+catfish+families+Auchenipteridae+and+Callichthyidae+%28Teleostei%3A+Siluriformes%29&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E243-%3C%2Fspan%3E256&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1095-8649.2006.01300.x&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2007JFBio..70..243M&rft.aulast=Mazzoldi&rft.aufirst=C.&rft.au=Lorenzi%2C+V.&rft.au=Rasotto%2C+M.+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/howaboutthat/5834754/Schoolgirl-nets-9ft-monster-fish.html">"Schoolgirl nets 9ft monster fish"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i>. London. 15 July 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/howaboutthat/5834754/Schoolgirl-nets-9ft-monster-fish.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Schoolgirl+nets+9ft+monster+fish&rft.date=2009-07-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fnewstopics%2Fhowaboutthat%2F5834754%2FSchoolgirl-nets-9ft-monster-fish.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mekong-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mekong_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050630233848/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2005/06/0629_050629_giantcatfish.html">"Grizzly Bear-Size Catfish Caught in Thailand"</a>. National Geographic News. 29 June 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2005/06/0629_050629_giantcatfish.html">the original</a> on 30 June 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Grizzly+Bear-Size+Catfish+Caught+in+Thailand&rft.pub=National+Geographic+News&rft.date=2005-06-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.nationalgeographic.com%2Fnews%2F2005%2F06%2F0629_050629_giantcatfish.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071217212539/http://filaman.ifm-geomar.de/Glossary/Glossary.cfm?TermEnglish=humeral%20process">"Term : humeral process"</a>. <a href="/wiki/FishBase" title="FishBase">FishBase</a>. 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://filaman.ifm-geomar.de/Glossary/Glossary.cfm?TermEnglish=humeral%20process">the original</a> on 17 December 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Term+%3A+humeral+process&rft.pub=FishBase&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffilaman.ifm-geomar.de%2FGlossary%2FGlossary.cfm%3FTermEnglish%3Dhumeral%2520process&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Douglas-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Douglas_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDouglasCollin,_Shaun_P.Corrigan,_Julie2002" class="citation journal cs1">Douglas, Ron H.; Collin, Shaun P.; Corrigan, Julie (15 November 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/reprint/205/22/3425">"The eyes of suckermouth armoured catfish (Loricariidae, subfamily Hypostomus): pupil response, lenticular longitudinal spherical aberration and retinal topography"</a>. <i>Journal of Experimental Biology</i>. <b>205</b> (22). The Journal of Experimental Biology: <span class="nowrap">3425–</span>3433. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1242%2Fjeb.205.22.3425">10.1242/jeb.205.22.3425</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12364396">12364396</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930044830/http://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/reprint/205/22/3425">Archived</a> from the original on 30 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Experimental+Biology&rft.atitle=The+eyes+of+suckermouth+armoured+catfish+%28Loricariidae%2C+subfamily+Hypostomus%29%3A+pupil+response%2C+lenticular+longitudinal+spherical+aberration+and+retinal+topography&rft.volume=205&rft.issue=22&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E3425-%3C%2Fspan%3E3433&rft.date=2002-11-15&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1242%2Fjeb.205.22.3425&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12364396&rft.aulast=Douglas&rft.aufirst=Ron+H.&rft.au=Collin%2C+Shaun+P.&rft.au=Corrigan%2C+Julie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjeb.biologists.org%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F205%2F22%2F3425&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barros-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Barros_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Barros_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Barros_58-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Barros_58-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Barros_58-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBarrosGuimarães-Cruz,_Rodrigo_J.Veloso-Júnior,_Vanderlei_C.Santos,_José_E._dos2007" class="citation journal cs1">Barros, Marcelo D. M.; Guimarães-Cruz, Rodrigo J.; Veloso-Júnior, Vanderlei C.; Santos, José E. dos (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1590%2FS0101-81752007000100028">"Reproductive apparatus and gametogenesis of <i>Lophiosilurus alexandri</i> Steindachner (Pisces, Teleostei, Siluriformes)"</a>. <i>Revista Brasileira de Zoologia</i>. <b>24</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">213–</span>221. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1590%2FS0101-81752007000100028">10.1590/S0101-81752007000100028</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revista+Brasileira+de+Zoologia&rft.atitle=Reproductive+apparatus+and+gametogenesis+of+Lophiosilurus+alexandri+Steindachner+%28Pisces%2C+Teleostei%2C+Siluriformes%29&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E213-%3C%2Fspan%3E221&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1590%2FS0101-81752007000100028&rft.aulast=Barros&rft.aufirst=Marcelo+D.+M.&rft.au=Guimar%C3%A3es-Cruz%2C+Rodrigo+J.&rft.au=Veloso-J%C3%BAnior%2C+Vanderlei+C.&rft.au=Santos%2C+Jos%C3%A9+E.+dos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1590%252FS0101-81752007000100028&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brito-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brito_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brito_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brito_59-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBritoBazzoli,_N.2003" class="citation journal cs1">Brito, M.F.G.; Bazzoli, N. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1590%2FS0102-09352003000500018">"Reproduction of the surubim catfish (Pisces, Pimelodidae) in the São Francisco River, Pirapora Region, Minas Gerais, Brazil"</a>. <i>Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia</i>. <b>55</b> (5): 624. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1590%2FS0102-09352003000500018">10.1590/S0102-09352003000500018</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arquivo+Brasileiro+de+Medicina+Veterin%C3%A1ria+e+Zootecnia&rft.atitle=Reproduction+of+the+surubim+catfish+%28Pisces%2C+Pimelodidae%29+in+the+S%C3%A3o+Francisco+River%2C+Pirapora+Region%2C+Minas+Gerais%2C+Brazil&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=624&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1590%2FS0102-09352003000500018&rft.aulast=Brito&rft.aufirst=M.F.G.&rft.au=Bazzoli%2C+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1590%252FS0102-09352003000500018&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-General_Sounds_Kasumayan-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-General_Sounds_Kasumayan_60-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-General_Sounds_Kasumayan_60-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKasumayan2008" class="citation journal cs1">Kasumayan, A. O. (2008). "Sounds and Sound Production in Fishes". <i>Journal of Ichthyology</i>. <b>48</b> (11): <span class="nowrap">981–</span>1030. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1134%2FS0032945208110039">10.1134/S0032945208110039</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:23223714">23223714</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Ichthyology&rft.atitle=Sounds+and+Sound+Production+in+Fishes&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E981-%3C%2Fspan%3E1030&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1134%2FS0032945208110039&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A23223714%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Kasumayan&rft.aufirst=A.+O.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stridulatory-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stridulatory_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stridulatory_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVance2000" class="citation journal cs1">Vance, Theresa L. (2000). "Variation in Stridulatory Sound Production in the Channel Catfish, <i>Ictalurus punctatus</i>". <i>BIOS</i>. <b>71</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">79–</span>84. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4608557">4608557</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BIOS&rft.atitle=Variation+in+Stridulatory+Sound+Production+in+the+Channel+Catfish%2C+Ictalurus+punctatus&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E79-%3C%2Fspan%3E84&rft.date=2000&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4608557%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Vance&rft.aufirst=Theresa+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sound_Generating_Mechs-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sound_Generating_Mechs_62-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sound_Generating_Mechs_62-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sound_Generating_Mechs_62-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLadichMichael_L._Fine2006" class="citation journal cs1">Ladich, Friedrich; Michael L. Fine (2006). "Sound-Generating Mechanisms in Fishes: A Unique Diversity in Vertebrates". <i>Communication in Fishes</i>. <b>1</b>: <span class="nowrap">3–</span>43.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Communication+in+Fishes&rft.atitle=Sound-Generating+Mechanisms+in+Fishes%3A+A+Unique+Diversity+in+Vertebrates&rft.volume=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E3-%3C%2Fspan%3E43&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Ladich&rft.aufirst=Friedrich&rft.au=Michael+L.+Fine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Amorim_article-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Amorim_article_63-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Amorim_article_63-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAmorim2006" class="citation journal cs1">Amorim, Maria Clara P. (2006). "Diversity of Sound Production in Fish". <i>Communication in Fish</i>. <b>1</b>: <span class="nowrap">71–</span>105.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Communication+in+Fish&rft.atitle=Diversity+of+Sound+Production+in+Fish&rft.volume=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E71-%3C%2Fspan%3E105&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Amorim&rft.aufirst=Maria+Clara+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Agonistic_behavior-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Agonistic_behavior_64-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Agonistic_behavior_64-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLadichMyrberg,_Arthur_A_Jr.2006" class="citation journal cs1">Ladich, Friedrich; Myrberg, Arthur A Jr. (2006). "Agonistic Behavior and Acoustic Communication". <i>Communication in Fishes</i>. <b>1</b>: <span class="nowrap">121–</span>148.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Communication+in+Fishes&rft.atitle=Agonistic+Behavior+and+Acoustic+Communication&rft.volume=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E121-%3C%2Fspan%3E148&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Ladich&rft.aufirst=Friedrich&rft.au=Myrberg%2C+Arthur+A+Jr.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMorris,_J.E.1993" class="citation web cs1">Morris, J.E. (October 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070206022434/http://www.extension.iastate.edu/Publications/NCR444.pdf">"Pond Culture of Channel Catfish in the North Central Region"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. North Central Regional Aquaculture Center. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.extension.iastate.edu/Publications/NCR444.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 6 February 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pond+Culture+of+Channel+Catfish+in+the+North+Central+Region&rft.pub=North+Central+Regional+Aquaculture+Center&rft.date=1993-10&rft.au=Morris%2C+J.E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.extension.iastate.edu%2FPublications%2FNCR444.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://usda.mannlib.cornell.edu/usda/current/CatfProd/CatfProd-07-21-2017.pdf">"Catfish Production"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>www.nass.usda.gov</i>. 21 July 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170915113343/http://usda.mannlib.cornell.edu/usda/current/CatfProd/CatfProd-07-21-2017.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 15 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nass.usda.gov&rft.atitle=Catfish+Production&rft.date=2017-07-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fusda.mannlib.cornell.edu%2Fusda%2Fcurrent%2FCatfProd%2FCatfProd-07-21-2017.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRogers" class="citation journal cs1">Rogers, Paul. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080611123839/http://www.stanfordalumni.org/news/magazine/2006/marapr/features/fishfarming.html">"Economy of Scales"</a>. <i>Stanford Magazine</i> (March / April 2006). <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford Alumni Association</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stanfordalumni.org/news/magazine/2006/marapr/features/fishfarming.html">the original</a> on 11 June 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stanford+Magazine&rft.atitle=Economy+of+Scales&rft.issue=March+%2F+April+2006&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stanfordalumni.org%2Fnews%2Fmagazine%2F2006%2Fmarapr%2Ffeatures%2Ffishfarming.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-catfish28nov28,0,6595048.story?coll=la-home-business">""'Catfish' bred in Asia move up on U.S. food chain"$, Associated Press via L.A. Times, 28 November 2006"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>. 28 November 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230923095543/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2006-nov-28-fi-catfish28-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=%22%27Catfish%27+bred+in+Asia+move+up+on+U.S.+food+chain%22%24%2C+Associated+Press+via+L.A.+Times%2C+28+November+2006&rft.date=2006-11-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fbusiness%2Fla-fi-catfish28nov28%2C0%2C6595048.story%3Fcoll%3Dla-home-business&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cole, Nancy (27 January 2006) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070731074338/http://growfish.com.au/content.asp?contentid=5816">Catfish imports not slowing</a>. Northwest Arkansas News</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Baker-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Baker_70-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Baker_70-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jenny Baker (1988), <i>Simply Fish</i> p 36–37. Faver & Faber, London.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FactD-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FactD_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.health.state.ny.us/diseases/conditions/osteoporosis/vitd.htm">"Vitamin D and Healthy Bones"</a>. New York State Department of Health. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100818173653/http://www.health.state.ny.us/diseases/conditions/osteoporosis/vitd.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 18 August 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vitamin+D+and+Healthy+Bones&rft.pub=New+York+State+Department+of+Health&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.health.state.ny.us%2Fdiseases%2Fconditions%2Fosteoporosis%2Fvitd.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fitfunctional.com/index.php/articles/nutrition/60-fatty-fish-not-equal-in-qgoodq-fats-study">Fatty Fish Not Equal in Good Fats</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120321233925/http://www.fitfunctional.com/index.php/articles/nutrition/60-fatty-fish-not-equal-in-qgoodq-fats-study">Archived</a> 21 March 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Reuters. Source: Journal of the American Dietetic Association, July 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/report/2011/09/07/rehab-archipelago/forced-labor-and-other-abuses-drug-detention-centers-southern">"The Rehab Archipelago | Forced Labor and Other Abuses in Drug Detention Centers in Southern Vietnam"</a>. <i>Human Rights Watch</i>. 7 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.atitle=The+Rehab+Archipelago+%7C+Forced+Labor+and+Other+Abuses+in+Drug+Detention+Centers+in+Southern+Vietnam&rft.date=2011-09-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Freport%2F2011%2F09%2F07%2Frehab-archipelago%2Fforced-labor-and-other-abuses-drug-detention-centers-southern&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FactSwai-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FactSwai_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071109150512/http://www.unionfishco.com/swai/details.htm">"Union Fish Company – Basa/Swai Details"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unionfishco.com/swai/details.htm">the original</a> on 9 November 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 November</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Union+Fish+Company+%E2%80%93+Basa%2FSwai+Details&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unionfishco.com%2Fswai%2Fdetails.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PL107171-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PL107171_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Public Law 107-171, § 10806, 116 <a href="/wiki/United_States_Statutes_at_Large" title="United States Statutes at Large">Stat.</a> 526-527, codified in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/21/321d">"United States Code, Title 21, section 321d. Market names for catfish and ginseng"</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210417123630/https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/21/321d">archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2020</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=United+States+Code%2C+Title+21%2C+section+321d.+Market+names+for+catfish+and+ginseng&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.law.cornell.edu%2Fuscode%2Ftext%2F21%2F321d&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span> and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/21/343-">"United States Code, Title 21, section 343 (t). Misbranded food"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230923095542/https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/21/343">Archived</a> from the original on 23 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=United+States+Code%2C+Title+21%2C+section+343+%28t%29.+Misbranded+food&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.law.cornell.edu%2Fuscode%2Ftext%2F21%2F343-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>See</i> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=14897106900736461981&q=ictaluridae">Piazza's Seafood World, LLC v. Odom</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230923095542/https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=14897106900736461981&q=ictaluridae">Archived</a> 23 September 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>, 448 F. 3d 744 (5th Cir. 2006), <i>citing</i> Kerrilee E. Kobbeman, "Legislative Note, Hook, Line and Sinker: How Congress Swallowed the Domestic Catfish Industry's Narrow Definition of this Ubiquitous Bottomfeeder," 57 ARK. L.REV. 407, 411-18 (2004).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2006/506/pdfs/uksi_20060506_en.pdf">"Fish Labelling (Amendment) (England) Regulations 2006"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Toxicity" title="Committee on Toxicity">COT</a>. 26 May 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120131042544/http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2006/506/pdfs/uksi_20060506_en.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 31 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fish+Labelling+%28Amendment%29+%28England%29+Regulations+2006&rft.pub=COT&rft.date=2007-05-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.gov.uk%2Fuksi%2F2006%2F506%2Fpdfs%2Fuksi_20060506_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOreva2018" class="citation news cs1">Oreva, Duke (14 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/food-travel-arts-culture/how-to-cook-the-irresistible-catfish-pepper-soup-id8377325.html">"How to cook the irresistible catfish pepper soup"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180516175134/http://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/food-travel-arts-culture/how-to-cook-the-irresistible-catfish-pepper-soup-id8377325.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=How+to+cook+the+irresistible+catfish+pepper+soup&rft.date=2018-05-14&rft.aulast=Oreva&rft.aufirst=Duke&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pulse.ng%2Flifestyle%2Ffood-travel-arts-culture%2Fhow-to-cook-the-irresistible-catfish-pepper-soup-id8377325.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ok.org/article/fins-scales/">"Kosher Spirit: Fins and Scales"</a>. <i>OK Kosher Certification</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221129062913/https://www.ok.org/article/fins-scales/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OK+Kosher+Certification&rft.atitle=Kosher+Spirit%3A+Fins+and+Scales&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ok.org%2Farticle%2Ffins-scales%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fisheries.tamu.edu/pond-management/species/channel-catfish/">"Channel Catfish"</a>. <i>fisheries.tamu.edu</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190501061619/https://fisheries.tamu.edu/pond-management/species/channel-catfish/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fisheries.tamu.edu&rft.atitle=Channel+Catfish&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffisheries.tamu.edu%2Fpond-management%2Fspecies%2Fchannel-catfish%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRosen2009" class="citation book cs1">Rosen, Brenda (2009). <i>The Mythical Creatures Bible</i>. Sterling. p. 370.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mythical+Creatures+Bible&rft.pages=370&rft.pub=Sterling&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Rosen&rft.aufirst=Brenda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSmits2013" class="citation book cs1">Smits, Gregory (2013). <i>Seismic Japan: The Long History and Continuing Legacy of the Ansei Edo Earthquake</i>. University of Hawaii Press. p. 158. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013sjlh.book.....S">2013sjlh.book.....S</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Seismic+Japan%3A+The+Long+History+and+Continuing+Legacy+of+the+Ansei+Edo+Earthquake&rft.pages=158&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2013sjlh.book.....S&rft.aulast=Smits&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFroesePauly" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Froese" title="Rainer Froese">Froese, Rainer</a>; <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Pauly" title="Daniel Pauly">Pauly, Daniel</a> (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?genusname=Plotosus&speciesname=lineatus">"<i>Plotosus lineatus</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/FishBase" title="FishBase">FishBase</a></i>. November 2014 version.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FishBase&rft.atitle=Plotosus+lineatus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fishbase.org%2Fsummary%2FSpeciesSummary.php%3Fgenusname%3DPlotosus%26speciesname%3Dlineatus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wrec.igfa.org/">"IGFA World Records"</a>. International Game Fish Association. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151101064327/http://wrec.igfa.org/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IGFA+World+Records&rft.pub=International+Game+Fish+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwrec.igfa.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatfish" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catfish&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Siluriformes" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Siluriformes">Siluriformes</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikispecies-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/40px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/60px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/120px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a> has information related to <i><b><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Siluriformes" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Siluriformes">Siluriformes</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/60px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/120px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of the <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">1911 <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></a> article "<span style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Cat-fish" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Cat-fish">Cat-fish</a></span>".</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://silurus.acnatsci.org/">All catfish species inventory</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=87845">"Giant Baghair caught in Jamuna"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141129032305/http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=87845">Archived</a> 29 November 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> in <i>The Daily Star</i> (Bangladesh), 12 May 2009</li> <li>Skelton, Paul H. and Teugels, Guy G. 1992. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1019675">Ichthyological Bulletin; No. 56: Neotype description for the African catfish Clarias Gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) (Pisces: Siluroidei: Clariidae)</a>. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Extant_orders_of_Actinopterygii_(ray-finned_fish)211" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Actinopterygii" title="Template:Actinopterygii"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Actinopterygii" title="Template talk:Actinopterygii"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Actinopterygii" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Actinopterygii"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Extant_orders_of_Actinopterygii_(ray-finned_fish)211" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Extant orders of <a href="/wiki/Actinopterygii" title="Actinopterygii">Actinopterygii</a> (ray-finned fish)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a></li> <li>Phylum: <a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a></li> <li>Subphylum: <a href="/wiki/Vertebrate" title="Vertebrate">Vertebrata</a></li> <li>Infraphylum: <a href="/wiki/Gnathostomata" title="Gnathostomata">Gnathostomata</a></li> <li>Superclass: <a href="/wiki/Osteichthyes" title="Osteichthyes">Osteichthyes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Cladistia13" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cladistia" title="Cladistia">Cladistia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bichir" title="Bichir">Polypteriformes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position: absolute; transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Actinopteri" title="Actinopteri">Actinopteri</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Chondrostei15" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chondrostei" title="Chondrostei">Chondrostei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acipenseriformes" title="Acipenseriformes">Acipenseriformes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position: absolute; transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Neopterygii" title="Neopterygii">Neopterygii</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Holostei12" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Holostei" title="Holostei">Holostei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amiiformes" title="Amiiformes">Amiiformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepisosteiformes" title="Lepisosteiformes">Lepisosteiformes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position: absolute; transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Teleost" title="Teleost">Teleostei</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Elopomorpha" title="Elopomorpha">Elopomorpha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elopiformes" title="Elopiformes">Elopiformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonefishes" title="Bonefishes">Albuliformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eel" title="Eel">Anguilliformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notacanthiformes" title="Notacanthiformes">Notacanthiformes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Osteoglossomorpha" title="Osteoglossomorpha">Osteoglossomorpha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hiodontiformes" title="Hiodontiformes">Hiodontiformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osteoglossiformes" title="Osteoglossiformes">Osteoglossiformes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Otocephala" title="Otocephala">Otocephala</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clupeiformes" title="Clupeiformes">Clupeiformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alepocephaliformes" title="Alepocephaliformes">Alepocephaliformes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ostariophysi" title="Ostariophysi">Ostariophysi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gonorynchiformes" title="Gonorynchiformes">Gonorynchiformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriniformes" title="Cypriniformes">Cypriniformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnotiformes" title="Gymnotiformes">Gymnotiformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Characiformes" title="Characiformes">Characiformes</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Siluriformes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position: absolute; transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Euteleostei" title="Euteleostei">Euteleostei</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lepidogalaxias" title="Lepidogalaxias">Lepidogalaxiiformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentiniformes" title="Argentiniformes">Argentiniformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmoniformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Salmoniformes">Salmoniformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osmeriformes" title="Osmeriformes">Osmeriformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stomiiformes" title="Stomiiformes">Stomiiformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galaxiidae" title="Galaxiidae">Galaxiiformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jellynose_fish" title="Jellynose fish">Ateleopodiformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aulopiformes" title="Aulopiformes">Aulopiformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myctophiformes" title="Myctophiformes">Myctophiformes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Acanthomorpha" title="Acanthomorpha">Acanthomorpha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lampriformes" title="Lampriformes">Lampriformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percopsiformes" title="Percopsiformes">Percopsiformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beardfish" title="Beardfish">Polymixiiformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadiformes" title="Gadiformes">Gadiformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeiformes" title="Zeiformes">Zeiformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trachichthyiformes" title="Trachichthyiformes">Trachichthyiformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beryciformes" title="Beryciformes">Beryciformes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Percomorpha" title="Percomorpha">Percomorpha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ophidiiformes" title="Ophidiiformes">Ophidiiformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batrachoididae" title="Batrachoididae">Batrachoidiformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gobiiformes" title="Gobiiformes">Gobiiformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scombriformes" title="Scombriformes">Scombriformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syngnathiformes" title="Syngnathiformes">Syngnathiformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carangiformes" title="Carangiformes">Carangiformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anabantiformes" title="Anabantiformes">Anabantiformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synbranchiformes" title="Synbranchiformes">Synbranchiformes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ovalentaria" title="Ovalentaria">Ovalentaria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyprinodontiformes" title="Cyprinodontiformes">Cyprinodontiformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atheriniformes" title="Atheriniformes">Atheriniformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beloniformes" title="Beloniformes">Beloniformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cichliformes" title="Cichliformes">Cichliformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blenniiformes" title="Blenniiformes">Blenniiformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mugiliformes" title="Mugiliformes">Mugiliformes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eupercaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Eupercaria">Eupercaria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perciformes" title="Perciformes">Perciformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centrarchiformes" title="Centrarchiformes">Centrarchiformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labriformes" title="Labriformes">Labriformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acropomatiformes" title="Acropomatiformes">Acropomatiformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acanthuriformes" title="Acanthuriformes">Acanthuriformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglerfish" title="Anglerfish">Lophiiformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetraodontiformes" title="Tetraodontiformes">Tetraodontiformes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Principal_commercial_fishery_species_groups293" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Commercial_fish_topics" title="Template:Commercial fish topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Commercial_fish_topics" title="Template talk:Commercial fish topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Commercial_fish_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Commercial fish topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Principal_commercial_fishery_species_groups293" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Principal commercial <a href="/wiki/Fishery" title="Fishery">fishery</a> species groups</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wild_fisheries" title="Wild fisheries">Wild</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pelagic_fish" title="Pelagic fish">Large pelagic fish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mackerel" title="Mackerel">Mackerel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmon" title="Salmon">Salmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shark" title="Shark">Shark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swordfish" title="Swordfish">Swordfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuna" title="Tuna">Tuna</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albacore" title="Albacore">albacore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bigeye_tuna" title="Bigeye tuna">bigeye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_bluefin_tuna" title="Atlantic bluefin tuna">Atlantic bluefin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_bluefin_tuna" title="Pacific bluefin tuna">Pacific bluefin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_bluefin_tuna" title="Southern bluefin tuna">southern bluefin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skipjack_tuna" title="Skipjack tuna">skipjack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellowfin_tuna" title="Yellowfin tuna">yellowfin</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Forage_fish" title="Forage fish">Forage fish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anchovy" title="Anchovy">Anchovy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capelin" title="Capelin">Capelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herring" title="Herring">Herring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilish" title="Ilish">Ilish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menhaden" title="Menhaden">Menhaden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardine" title="Sardine">Sardines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_saury" title="Pacific saury">Saury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shad" class="mw-redirect" title="Shad">Shad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprat" title="Sprat">Sprat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_sprat" title="European sprat">european</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Demersal_fish" title="Demersal fish">Demersal fish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Catfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cod" title="Cod">Cod</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_cod" title="Atlantic cod">Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_cod" title="Pacific cod">Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_pollock" title="Alaska pollock">Alaska pollock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flatfish" title="Flatfish">Flatfish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flounder" title="Flounder">flounder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halibut" title="Halibut">halibut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaice" title="Plaice">plaice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sole_(fish)" title="Sole (fish)">sole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turbot" title="Turbot">turbot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haddock" title="Haddock">Haddock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mullet_(fish)" title="Mullet (fish)">Mullet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_roughy" title="Orange roughy">Orange roughy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollock" title="Pollock">Pollock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebastes" title="Sebastes">Rockfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sillaginidae" title="Sillaginidae">Smelt-whitings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toothfish" class="mw-redirect" title="Toothfish">Toothfish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Freshwater_fish" title="Freshwater fish">Freshwater fish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carp" title="Carp">Carp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sturgeon" title="Sturgeon">Sturgeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilapia" title="Tilapia">Tilapia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trout" title="Trout">Trout</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wild_fish" class="mw-redirect" title="Wild fish">Other wild fish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eel" title="Eel">Eel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitebait" title="Whitebait">Whitebait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commercial_fish" title="Category:Commercial fish">more...</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Crustacean" title="Crustacean">Crustaceans</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crab" title="Crab">Crab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krill" title="Krill">Krill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobster" title="Lobster">Lobster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrimp" title="Shrimp">Shrimp</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prawn" title="Prawn">Prawns</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commercial_crustaceans" title="Category:Commercial crustaceans">more...</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mollusc" class="mw-redirect" title="Mollusc">Molluscs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abalone" title="Abalone">Abalone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mussel" title="Mussel">Mussels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octopus" title="Octopus">Octopus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyster" title="Oyster">Oysters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scallop" title="Scallop">Scallops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squid" title="Squid">Squid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commercial_molluscs" title="Category:Commercial molluscs">more...</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Echinoderm" title="Echinoderm">Echinoderms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sea_cucumber" title="Sea cucumber">Sea cucumbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_urchin" title="Sea urchin">Sea urchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commercial_echinoderms" title="Category:Commercial echinoderms">more...</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fisheries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cod_fisheries" title="Cod fisheries">Cod fisheries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crab_fisheries" title="Crab fisheries">Crab fisheries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krill_fishery" title="Krill fishery">Krill fishery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobster_fishing" title="Lobster fishing">Lobster fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrimp_fishery" title="Shrimp fishery">Shrimp fishery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Atlantic_cod.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Atlantic cod"><img alt="Atlantic cod" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Atlantic_cod.jpg/140px-Atlantic_cod.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Atlantic_cod.jpg/210px-Atlantic_cod.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Atlantic_cod.jpg/280px-Atlantic_cod.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="255" /></a></span><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lobster_(PSF).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Lobster"><img alt="Lobster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Lobster_%28PSF%29.png/100px-Lobster_%28PSF%29.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Lobster_%28PSF%29.png/150px-Lobster_%28PSF%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Lobster_%28PSF%29.png/200px-Lobster_%28PSF%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2821" data-file-height="1748" /></a></span><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pacific_oysters_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pacific oysters"><img alt="Pacific oysters" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Pacific_oysters_01.jpg/120px-Pacific_oysters_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Pacific_oysters_01.jpg/250px-Pacific_oysters_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1750" data-file-height="1282" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture" title="Aquaculture">Farmed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carp#Aquaculture" title="Carp">Carp</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bighead_carp" title="Bighead carp">bighead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_carp" title="Common carp">common</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucian_carp" title="Crucian carp">crucian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grass_carp" title="Grass carp">grass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_carp" title="Silver carp">silver</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_of_catfish" title="Aquaculture of catfish">Catfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freshwater_prawn_farming" title="Freshwater prawn farming">Freshwater prawns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilt-head_bream" title="Gilt-head bream">Gilt-head bream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mussel#Aquaculture" title="Mussel">Mussels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyster_farming" title="Oyster farming">Oysters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_of_salmon" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquaculture of salmon">Salmon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_salmon" title="Atlantic salmon">Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_trout" title="Rainbow trout">salmon trout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coho_salmon" title="Coho salmon">coho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinook_salmon" title="Chinook salmon">chinook</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scallop_aquaculture" title="Scallop aquaculture">Scallops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seaweed_farming" title="Seaweed farming">Seaweed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_shrimp_farming" title="Marine shrimp farming">Shrimp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_of_tilapia" title="Aquaculture of tilapia">Tilapia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_fishing" title="Commercial fishing">Commercial fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_fish_production" class="mw-redirect" title="World fish production">World fish production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_commercially_important_fish_species" title="List of commercially important fish species">Commercial species</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fishing_topics_by_subject" class="mw-redirect" title="List of fishing topics by subject">Fishing topics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisheries_glossary" class="mw-redirect" title="Fisheries glossary">Fisheries glossary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Seafood418" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Seafood" title="Template:Seafood"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Seafood" title="Template talk:Seafood"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Seafood" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Seafood"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Seafood418" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Seafood" title="Seafood">Seafood</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fish_as_food" title="Fish as food">Fish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anchovies_as_food" title="Anchovies as food">Anchovy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barramundi#As_food" title="Barramundi">Barramundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billfish#As_food" title="Billfish">Billfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carp#As_food" title="Carp">Carp</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Catfish_as_food">Catfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cod_as_food" title="Cod as food">Cod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eel_as_food" title="Eel as food">Eel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flatfish#As_food" title="Flatfish">Flatfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flounder#As_food" title="Flounder">Flounder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herring_as_food" title="Herring as food">Herring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mackerel_as_food" title="Mackerel as food">Mackerel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmon_as_food" title="Salmon as food">Salmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardines_as_food" title="Sardines as food">Sardine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shark_meat" title="Shark meat">Shark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sturgeon#Uses" title="Sturgeon">Sturgeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swordfish#As_food" title="Swordfish">Swordfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilapia#As_food" title="Tilapia">Tilapia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trout#Trout_as_food" title="Trout">Trout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuna#Food" title="Tuna">Tuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitebait" title="Whitebait">Whitebait</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shellfish" title="Shellfish">Shellfish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abalone#Consumption" title="Abalone">Abalone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cockle_(bivalve)#In_cuisine_and_culture" title="Cockle (bivalve)">Cockles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conch#Culinary_use" title="Conch">Conch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crab_meat" title="Crab meat">Crab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crayfish_as_food" title="Crayfish as food">Crayfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoduck#Culinary_uses" title="Geoduck">Geoduck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krill#Human_consumption" title="Krill">Krill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobster#As_food" title="Lobster">Lobster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mussel#As_food" title="Mussel">Mussels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyster#As_food" title="Oyster">Oysters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrimp_and_prawn_as_food" title="Shrimp and prawn as food">Prawn/Shrimp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scallop#As_food" title="Scallop">Scallops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_urchin#As_food" title="Sea urchin">Sea urchins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Edible_crustaceans" title="Category:Edible crustaceans">Crustaceans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Edible_molluscs" title="Category:Edible molluscs">Molluscs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other seafood</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jellyfish_as_food" title="Jellyfish as food">Jellyfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_mammals_as_food" title="Marine mammals as food">Marine mammals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Whale_meat" title="Whale meat">Whale</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octopus_as_food" title="Octopus as food">Octopus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_cucumbers_as_food" title="Sea cucumbers as food">Sea cucumber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edible_seaweed" title="Edible seaweed">Seaweed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squid_as_food" title="Squid as food">Squid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Edible_algae" title="Category:Edible algae">Algae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_types_of_seafood" title="List of types of seafood">List of seafoods</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Seafood" title="Category:Seafood">more...</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fish_processing" title="Fish processing">Processed<br />seafood</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caviar" title="Caviar">Caviar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dried_fish" title="Dried fish">Dried fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canned_fish" title="Canned fish">Canned fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cod_liver_oil" title="Cod liver oil">Cod liver oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cured_fish" title="Cured fish">Cured fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fermented_fish" title="Fermented fish">Fermented fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_fillet" title="Fish fillet">Fish fillet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_head" title="Fish head">Fish head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_oil" title="Fish oil">Fish oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_sauce" title="Fish sauce">Fish sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_paste" title="Fish paste">Fish paste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_steak" title="Fish steak">Fish steak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_stock_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fish stock (food)">Fish stock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutefisk" title="Lutefisk">Lutefisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salted_fish" title="Salted fish">Salted fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salted_squid" title="Salted squid">Salted squid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shark_liver_oil" title="Shark liver oil">Shark liver oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrimp_paste" title="Shrimp paste">Shrimp paste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoked_fish" title="Smoked fish">Smoked fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockfish" title="Stockfish">Stockfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surimi" title="Surimi">Surimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roe" title="Roe">Roe</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Fish_processing" title="Category:Fish processing">more...</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Seafood_dishes" title="Seafood dishes">Seafood dishes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_seafood_dishes" title="List of seafood dishes">List of seafood dishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_crab_dishes" title="List of crab dishes">List of crab dishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fish_dishes" title="List of fish dishes">List of fish dishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_raw_fish_dishes" title="List of raw fish dishes">List of raw fish dishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tuna_dishes" title="List of tuna dishes">List of tuna dishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisque_(food)" title="Bisque (food)">Bisque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chowder" title="Chowder">Chowder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_and_chips" title="Fish and chips">Fish and chips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_pie" title="Fish pie">Fish pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_soup" title="Fish soup">Fish soup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fried_fish" title="Fried fish">Fried fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seafood_boil" title="Seafood boil">Seafood boil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shark_fin_soup" title="Shark fin soup">Shark fin soup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sushi" title="Sushi">Sushi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sushi_bake" title="Sushi bake">Sushi bake</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Seafood_dishes" title="Category:Seafood dishes">more...</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Health hazards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ciguatera" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciguatera">Ciguatera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_diseases_and_parasites" title="Fish diseases and parasites">Fish diseases and parasites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury_in_fish" title="Mercury in fish">Mercury in fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metagonimiasis" title="Metagonimiasis">Metagonimiasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scombroid_food_poisoning" title="Scombroid food poisoning">Scombroid food poisoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shellfish_poisoning" title="Shellfish poisoning">Shellfish poisoning</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Advisory services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seafood_mislabelling" title="Seafood mislabelling">Seafood mislabelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_seafood" title="Sustainable seafood">Sustainable seafood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_seafood_advisory_lists_and_certification" title="Sustainable seafood advisory lists and certification">Sustainable seafood advisory lists and certification</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Animal welfare</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Declawing_of_crabs" title="Declawing of crabs">Declawing of crabs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eyestalk_ablation" title="Eyestalk ablation">Eyestalk ablation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eating_live_seafood" title="Eating live seafood">Eating live seafood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldfish_swallowing" title="Goldfish swallowing">Goldfish swallowing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_fish_trade" title="Live fish trade">Live fish trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_in_fish" title="Pain in fish">Pain in fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_in_crustaceans" title="Pain in crustaceans">Pain in crustaceans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shark_finning" title="Shark finning">Shark finning</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fish_preservation" title="Fish preservation">Fish preservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_processing" title="Fish processing">Fish processing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gathering_seafood_by_hand" class="mw-redirect" title="Gathering seafood by hand">Gathering seafood by hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_seafood" title="History of seafood">History of seafood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_sushi" title="History of sushi">History of sushi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_seafood_companies" title="List of seafood companies">List of seafood companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pescetarianism" title="Pescetarianism">Pescetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raw_bar" title="Raw bar">Raw bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmon_cannery" title="Salmon cannery">Salmon cannery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seafood_restaurant" title="Seafood restaurant">Seafood restaurant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/17px-Foodlogo2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/26px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/34px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="106" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Food" title="Portal:Food">Food portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Seafood" title="Category:Seafood">Category: Seafood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Meat509" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Meat" title="Template:Meat"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Meat" title="Template talk:Meat"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Meat" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Meat"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Meat509" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Meat" title="Meat">Meat</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Poultry" title="Poultry">Poultry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cassowary" title="Cassowary">Cassowary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicken_as_food" title="Chicken as food">Chicken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duck_as_food" title="Duck as food">Duck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emu" title="Emu">Emu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goose_as_food" title="Goose as food">Goose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostrich_meat" title="Ostrich meat">Ostrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squab" title="Squab">Pigeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quail_as_food" title="Quail as food">Quail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhea_(bird)" title="Rhea (bird)">Rhea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey_meat" title="Turkey meat">Turkey</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="13" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FoodMeat.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Food meat"><img alt="Food meat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/FoodMeat.jpg/100px-FoodMeat.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/FoodMeat.jpg/150px-FoodMeat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/FoodMeat.jpg/200px-FoodMeat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2888" data-file-height="1916" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Plateau_van_zeevruchten.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Platter of seafood"><img alt="Platter of seafood" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Plateau_van_zeevruchten.jpg/100px-Plateau_van_zeevruchten.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Plateau_van_zeevruchten.jpg/150px-Plateau_van_zeevruchten.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Plateau_van_zeevruchten.jpg/200px-Plateau_van_zeevruchten.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2029" data-file-height="2029" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Livestock" title="Livestock">Livestock</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpaca" title="Alpaca">Alpaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beef" title="Beef">Beef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beefalo" title="Beefalo">Beefalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_bison" title="American bison">Bison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_meat" title="Buffalo meat">Buffalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camel_meat" class="mw-redirect" title="Camel meat">Camel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_meat" title="Cat meat">Cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goat_meat" title="Goat meat">Goat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dog_meat" title="Dog meat">Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donkey_meat" title="Donkey meat">Donkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snails_as_food" title="Snails as food">Snails</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frog_legs" title="Frog legs">Frog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea_pig" title="Guinea pig">Guinea pig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_meat" title="Horse meat">Horse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamb_and_mutton" title="Lamb and mutton">Lamb and mutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llama" title="Llama">Llama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pork" title="Pork">Pork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veal" title="Veal">Veal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yak" title="Yak">Yak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%BBubro%C5%84" title="Żubroń">Żubroń</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Game_(hunting)" title="Game (hunting)">Game</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alligator_meat" title="Alligator meat">Alligator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bat_as_food" title="Bat as food">Bat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bear_hunting" title="Bear hunting">Bear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushmeat" title="Bushmeat">Bushmeat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_boar" title="Wild boar">Boar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crocodile_meat" class="mw-redirect" title="Crocodile meat">Crocodile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elephant_meat" title="Elephant meat">Elephant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox#As_food" title="Fox">Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iguana_meat" title="Iguana meat">Iguana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangaroo_meat" title="Kangaroo meat">Kangaroo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monkey_meat" title="Monkey meat">Monkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouse#As_food" title="Mouse">Mouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pangolin_trade" title="Pangolin trade">Pangolin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rat_meat" title="Rat meat">Rat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hare" title="Hare">Hare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbit#As_food_and_clothing" title="Rabbit">Rabbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snake#Consumption" title="Snake">Snake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turtle" title="Turtle">Turtle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venison" title="Venison">Venison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dog_meat" title="Dog meat">Dog</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_hunting" title="Wolf hunting">Wolf</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fish_as_food" title="Fish as food">Fish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anchovies_as_food" title="Anchovies as food">Anchovy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basa_(fish)" title="Basa (fish)">Basa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bass_(fish)" title="Bass (fish)">Bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carp#As_food" title="Carp">Carp</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Catfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cod_as_food" title="Cod as food">Cod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crappie" title="Crappie">Crappie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eel_as_food" title="Eel as food">Eel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flounder" title="Flounder">Flounder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grouper" title="Grouper">Grouper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haddock" title="Haddock">Haddock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halibut" title="Halibut">Halibut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herring_as_food" title="Herring as food">Herring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_mackerel" title="King mackerel">Kingfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mackerel_as_food" title="Mackerel as food">Mackerel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahi-mahi" title="Mahi-mahi">Mahi Mahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlin" title="Marlin">Marlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milkfish" title="Milkfish">Milkfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_roughy" title="Orange roughy">Orange roughy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_saury" title="Pacific saury">Pacific saury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perch" title="Perch">Perch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esox" title="Esox">Pike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cod_as_food" title="Cod as food">Pollock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmon_as_food" title="Salmon as food">Salmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardines_as_food" title="Sardines as food">Sardine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shark_meat" title="Shark meat">Shark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sole_(fish)" title="Sole (fish)">Sole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iridescent_shark" title="Iridescent shark">Swai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swordfish" title="Swordfish">Swordfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilapia" title="Tilapia">Tilapia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trout" title="Trout">Trout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuna_as_food" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuna as food">Tuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walleye" title="Walleye">Walleye</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shellfish" title="Shellfish">Shellfish</a> and<br />other <a href="/wiki/Seafood" title="Seafood">seafood</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abalone" title="Abalone">Abalone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squid_as_food" title="Squid as food">Calamari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiton" title="Chiton">Chiton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clam" title="Clam">Clam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crab_meat" title="Crab meat">Crab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crayfish_as_food" title="Crayfish as food">Crayfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolphin" title="Dolphin">Dolphin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobster_as_food" class="mw-redirect" title="Lobster as food">Lobster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mussel" title="Mussel">Mussel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octopus_as_food" title="Octopus as food">Octopus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyster" title="Oyster">Oyster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scallop" title="Scallop">Scallop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_meat" title="Seal meat">Seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrimp_and_prawn_as_food" title="Shrimp and prawn as food">Shrimp/prawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_cucumbers_as_food" title="Sea cucumbers as food">Sea cucumber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_urchin#As_food" title="Sea urchin">Sea urchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whale_meat" title="Whale meat">Whale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascidiacea#Culinary" title="Ascidiacea">Sea squirt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jellyfish_as_food" title="Jellyfish as food">Jellyfish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Insects_as_food" title="Insects as food">Insects</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ant_eggs" title="Ant eggs">Ants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermetia_illucens" title="Hermetia illucens">Black soldier fly maggots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cicada" title="Cicada">Cicada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cricket_(insect)" title="Cricket (insect)">Crickets</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cricket_flour" title="Cricket flour">Flour</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grasshopper" title="Grasshopper">Grasshoppers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Locust" title="Locust">locust</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mealworm" title="Mealworm">Mealworm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mezcal_worm" title="Mezcal worm">Mezcal worm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombyx_mori" title="Bombyx mori">Silkworm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonimbrasia_belina" title="Gonimbrasia belina">Mopane worm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhynchophorus" title="Rhynchophorus">Palm grub</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cuts and<br />preparation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meat_hanging" title="Meat hanging">Aged</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bacon" title="Bacon">Bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbecue" title="Barbecue">Barbecued</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biltong" title="Biltong">Biltong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braising" title="Braising">Braised</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patty" title="Patty">Burger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charcuterie" title="Charcuterie">Charcuterie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_chop" title="Meat chop">Chop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confit#Meat_confit" title="Confit">Confit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corned_beef" title="Corned beef">Corned</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curing_(food_preservation)" title="Curing (food preservation)">Cured</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cutlet" title="Cutlet">Cutlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dried_meat" title="Dried meat">Dried</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dum_pukht" title="Dum pukht">Dum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fermented_meat" title="Fermented meat">Fermented</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fillet_(cut)" title="Fillet (cut)">Fillet</a>/<a href="/wiki/Supreme_(cooking)" title="Supreme (cooking)">supreme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forcemeat" title="Forcemeat">Forcemeat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cretons" title="Cretons">Cretons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A2t%C3%A9" title="Pâté">Pâté</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frying" title="Frying">Fried</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frozen_food" title="Frozen food">Frozen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ground_meat" title="Ground meat">Ground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ham" title="Ham">Ham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerky" title="Jerky">Jerky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kebab" title="Kebab">Kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidney_(food)" title="Kidney (food)">Kidney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liver_(food)" title="Liver (food)">Liver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunch_meat" title="Lunch meat">Luncheon meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marination" title="Marination">Marinated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meatball" title="Meatball">Meatball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meatloaf" title="Meatloaf">Meatloaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offal" title="Offal">Offal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickling" title="Pickling">Pickled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemmican" title="Pemmican">Pemmican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poaching_(cooking)" title="Poaching (cooking)">Poached</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potted_meat" title="Potted meat">Potted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rillettes" title="Rillettes">Rillettes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roasting" title="Roasting">Roasted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salting_(food)#Meat" title="Salting (food)">Salt-cured</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salumi" title="Salumi">Salumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sausage" title="Sausage">Sausage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoked_meat" title="Smoked meat">Smoked</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steak" title="Steak">Steak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stew#Types_of_stew" title="Stew">Stewed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandoor" title="Tandoor">Tandoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steak_tartare" title="Steak tartare">Tartare</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">List articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_meat_dishes" title="List of meat dishes">Meat dishes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_beef_dishes" title="List of beef dishes">Beef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chicken_dishes" title="List of chicken dishes">Chicken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fish_dishes" title="List of fish dishes">Fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_goat_dishes" title="List of goat dishes">Goat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lamb_dishes" title="List of lamb dishes">Lamb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pork_dishes" title="List of pork dishes">Pork</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ham_dishes" title="List of ham dishes">Ham</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_seafood_dishes" title="List of seafood dishes">Seafood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_veal_dishes" title="List of veal dishes">Veal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_steak_dishes" title="List of steak dishes">Steaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_meatball_dishes" title="List of meatball dishes">Meatball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_smoked_foods" title="List of smoked foods">Smoked foods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sausage_dishes" title="List of sausage dishes">Sausage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_meat_consumption" title="List of countries by meat consumption">Countries by meat consumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_meat_production" title="List of countries by meat production">Countries by meat production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_and_drink_prohibitions" title="Food and drink prohibitions">Food and drink prohibitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_meat_substitutes" title="List of meat substitutes">Meat substitutes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethics and<br />psychology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethics_of_eating_meat" title="Ethics of eating meat">Ethics of eating meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnism" title="Carnism">Carnism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_rights" title="Animal rights">Animal rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychology_of_eating_meat" title="Psychology of eating meat">Psychology of eating meat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psychology_of_eating_meat#Meat_paradox" title="Psychology of eating meat">Meat paradox</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Alternatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism" title="Vegetarianism">Vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flexitarianism" title="Flexitarianism">Semi-vegetarianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pescetarianism" title="Pescetarianism">Pescetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollotarianism" title="Pollotarianism">Pollotarianism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant-based_diet" title="Plant-based diet">Plant-based diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_alternative" title="Meat alternative">Meat alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veganism" title="Veganism">Veganism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Meat_science" title="Meat science">Meat science</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beef_hormone_controversy" title="Beef hormone controversy">Beef hormone controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drip_loss" class="mw-redirect" title="Drip loss">Drip loss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feed_conversion_ratio" title="Feed conversion ratio">Feed conversion ratio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_preservation" title="Food preservation">Preservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_tenderness" title="Meat tenderness">Tenderness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_water_holding_capacity" title="Meat water holding capacity">Water holding capacity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Meat_industry" title="Meat industry">Meat industry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meat_broker" title="Meat broker">Broker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branch_house_(building)" title="Branch house (building)">Branch house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butcher" title="Butcher">Butcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_cutter" title="Meat cutter">Cutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_impacts_of_animal_agriculture" title="Environmental impacts of animal agriculture">Environmental impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intensive_animal_farming" title="Intensive animal farming">Factory farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_jobber" title="Meat jobber">Jobber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat-packing_industry" title="Meat-packing industry">Packing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_slaughter" title="Animal slaughter">Slaughter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slaughterhouse" title="Slaughterhouse">Slaughterhouse</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related<br />subjects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arachnophagy" title="Arachnophagy">Arachnophagy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_cannibalism" title="Human cannibalism">Cannibalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case-ready_meat" title="Case-ready meat">Case-ready meat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meat_diaper" class="mw-redirect" title="Meat diaper">Meat diaper</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultured_meat" title="Cultured meat">Cultured meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entomophagy_in_humans" title="Entomophagy in humans">Entomophagy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marbled_meat" title="Marbled meat">Marbled</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_marbling" title="Artificial marbling">Artificial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystery_meat" title="Mystery meat">Mystery meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offal" title="Offal">Offal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-vegetarian_food_in_India" title="Non-vegetarian food in India">Non-vegetarian food in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink_slime" title="Pink slime">Pink slime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raw_meat" title="Raw meat">Raw meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_meat" title="Red meat">Red meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roadkill_cuisine" title="Roadkill cuisine">Roadkill cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warmed-over_flavor" title="Warmed-over flavor">Warmed-over flavor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_meat" title="White meat">White meat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/17px-Foodlogo2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/26px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/34px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="106" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Food" title="Portal:Food">Food portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Meat" title="Category:Meat">Category: Meat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers3774" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers3774" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Siluriformes</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59576" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q59576">Q59576</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Siluriformes" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Siluriformes">Siluriformes</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Animal_Diversity_Web" title="Animal Diversity Web">ADW</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Siluriformes/">Siluriformes</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Faunal_Directory" title="Australian Faunal Directory">AFD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biodiversity.org.au/afd/taxa/Siluriformes">Siluriformes</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">BioLib: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id15704">15704</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bench.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=261">261</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6236K">6236K</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/5083">5083</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/1SILUO">1SILUO</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Fauna_Europaea" title="Fauna Europaea">Fauna Europaea</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eu-nomen.eu/portal/taxon.php?GUID=urn:lsid:faunaeur.org:taxname:12028">12028</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Fauna_Europaea" title="Fauna Europaea">Fauna Europaea (new)</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fauna-eu.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/cf39f373-b721-41d5-a19a-79e32a7d16e4">cf39f373-b721-41d5-a19a-79e32a7d16e4</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/708">708</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/49175">49175</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=11492">11492</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=163992">163992</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Biodiversity_Network" title="National Biodiversity Network">NBN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://species.nbnatlas.org/species/NBNSYS0000164622">NBNSYS0000164622</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=7995">7995</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">NZOR: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzor.org.nz/names/f3b3f8d1-e3e7-464a-99e3-0a62abc12965">f3b3f8d1-e3e7-464a-99e3-0a62abc12965</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=701516">701516</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=35487">35487</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plazi" title="Plazi">Plazi</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AB0787CD-0A42-FF9F-FDAB-FA3AE5C2256C">AB0787CD-0A42-FF9F-FDAB-FA3AE5C2256C</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">WoRMS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=154157">154157</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox1543" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59576#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Catfishes"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85021003">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Siluriformes"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12151027x">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Siluriformes"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12151027x">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="sumci"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph126271&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000348893&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007284852105171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catfish&oldid=1280377718">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catfish&oldid=1280377718</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Siluriformes" title="Category:Siluriformes">Siluriformes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Edible_fish" title="Category:Edible fish">Edible fish</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commercial_fish" title="Category:Commercial fish">Commercial fish</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ostariophysi" title="Category:Ostariophysi">Ostariophysi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Late_Cretaceous_fish" title="Category:Late Cretaceous fish">Late Cretaceous fish</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Extant_Late_Cretaceous_first_appearances" title="Category:Extant Late Cretaceous first appearances">Extant Late Cretaceous first appearances</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Taxa_named_by_Georges_Cuvier" title="Category:Taxa named by Georges Cuvier">Taxa named by Georges Cuvier</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Soul_food" title="Category:Soul food">Soul food</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Native_American_cuisine" title="Category:Native American cuisine">Native American cuisine</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_indefinitely_move-protected_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages">Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_August_2020" title="Category:Use dmy dates from August 2020">Use dmy dates from August 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_%27species%27_microformats" title="Category:Articles with 'species' microformats">Articles with 'species' microformats</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2007" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2007">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2007</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements" title="Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements">All articles containing potentially dated statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_March_2020" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from March 2020">Articles with unsourced statements from March 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Indonesian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Indonesian-language text">Articles containing Indonesian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Japanese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Japanese-language text">Articles containing Japanese-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Taxonbars_with_20%E2%80%9324_taxon_IDs" title="Category:Taxonbars with 20–24 taxon IDs">Taxonbars with 20–24 taxon IDs</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 14 March 2025, at 07:26<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catfish&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Catfish</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>73 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.eqiad.main-58c4b96c94-5xf8h","wgBackendResponseTime":384,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"2.141","walltime":"2.741","ppvisitednodes":{"value":24880,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":571185,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":27764,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":28,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":30,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":427590,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":21,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 2308.510 1 -total"," 29.37% 678.124 1 Template:Reflist"," 21.86% 504.618 1 Template:Automatic_taxobox"," 19.26% 444.590 26 Template:Clade"," 17.19% 396.873 43 Template:Cite_journal"," 14.24% 328.718 18 Template:Navbox"," 8.71% 201.132 1 Template:Taxonbar"," 6.53% 150.788 1 Template:Fossilrange"," 6.43% 148.420 1 Template:Short_description"," 6.07% 140.118 1 Template:Actinopterygii"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.389","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":21151202,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-profile":[["?","400","25.3"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","160","10.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getEntity","140","8.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::expandTemplate","140","8.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","100","6.3"],["\u003Cmw.lua:694\u003E","60","3.8"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","40","2.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::formatDate","40","2.5"],["\u003CModule:Citation/CS1:814\u003E","40","2.5"],["date","40","2.5"],["[others]","420","26.6"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-6d78b94fdf-vvsjl","timestamp":"20250320215617","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Catfish","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Catfish","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q59576","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q59576","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-04-03T07:16:31Z","dateModified":"2025-03-14T07:26:15Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/9\/94\/Ameiurus_melas_by_Duane_Raver.png","headline":"order of fishes"}</script> </body> </html>