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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Future"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Future </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Future-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Israel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Israel </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Israel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Elbit_Hermes_450" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elbit_Hermes_450"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.1 Elbit Hermes 450 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elbit_Hermes_450-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turkey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turkey"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Turkey </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turkey-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-TAI_Aksungur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#TAI_Aksungur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.1 TAI Aksungur </div> </a> <ul id="toc-TAI_Aksungur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bayraktar_Kizilelma" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bayraktar_Kizilelma"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.2 Bayraktar Kizilelma </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bayraktar_Kizilelma-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-TAI_Anka-3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#TAI_Anka-3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.3 TAI Anka-3 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-TAI_Anka-3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 United Kingdom </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-BAE_Systems_Taranis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#BAE_Systems_Taranis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4.1 BAE Systems Taranis </div> </a> <ul id="toc-BAE_Systems_Taranis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 United States </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-J-UCAS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#J-UCAS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5.1 J-UCAS </div> </a> <ul id="toc-J-UCAS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-N-UCAS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#N-UCAS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5.2 N-UCAS </div> </a> <ul id="toc-N-UCAS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-USAF_Hunter-Killer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#USAF_Hunter-Killer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5.3 USAF Hunter-Killer </div> </a> <ul id="toc-USAF_Hunter-Killer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Multinational" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Multinational"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 Multinational </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Multinational-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non-state_actors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-state_actors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Non-state actors </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-state_actors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Counter_drone_tactics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Counter_drone_tactics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Counter drone tactics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Counter_drone_tactics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Error_in_target_selection" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Error_in_target_selection"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Error in target selection </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Error_in_target_selection-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ethics_and_laws" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethics_and_laws"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Ethics and laws </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ethics_and_laws-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Ethics and laws subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Ethics_and_laws-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Civilian_casualties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Civilian_casualties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Civilian casualties </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Civilian_casualties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Israel_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israel_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1.1 Israel </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Israel_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1.2 United States </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_effects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_effects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Political effects </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_effects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Psychological_effects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Psychological_effects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Psychological effects </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Psychological_effects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stand-off_attacks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stand-off_attacks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Stand-off attacks </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stand-off_attacks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Autonomous_attacks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Autonomous_attacks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.5 Autonomous attacks </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Autonomous_attacks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_opinion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_opinion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Public opinion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_opinion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Users" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Users"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Users </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Users-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Unmanned combat aerial vehicle</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 31 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-31" aria-hidden="true" > 31 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="طائرة مسيرة قتالية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="طائرة مسيرة قتالية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C9%99rbi_Pilotsuz_U%C3%A7u%C5%9F_Aparat%C4%B1" title="Hərbi Pilotsuz Uçuş Aparatı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hərbi Pilotsuz Uçuş Aparatı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_(%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8)" title="মনুষ্যবিহীন যুদ্ধবিমান (ড্রোন) – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মনুষ্যবিহীন যুদ্ধবিমান (ড্রোন)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_aeri_no_tripulat_de_combat" title="Vehicle aeri no tripulat de combat – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Vehicle aeri no tripulat de combat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B7_%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B4%CF%81%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%BF_%CE%B1%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%AC%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%BC%CE%AC%CF%87%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Μη επανδρωμένο αεροσκάφος μάχης – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μη επανδρωμένο αεροσκάφος μάχης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veh%C3%ADculo_a%C3%A9reo_de_combate_no_tripulado" title="Vehículo aéreo de combate no tripulado – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vehículo aéreo de combate no tripulado" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armita_telestiraviadilo" title="Armita telestiraviadilo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Armita telestiraviadilo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%87%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%B1%D8%B2%D9%85%DB%8C" title="پهپاد رزمی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پهپاد رزمی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drone_de_combat" title="Drone de combat – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Drone de combat" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/UCAV" title="UCAV – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="UCAV" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesawat_tempur_nirawak" title="Pesawat tempur nirawak – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pesawat tempur nirawak" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B0%D1%88%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B7_%D3%99%D1%83%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BE%D2%93%D1%8B%D1%81_%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Ұшқышсыз әуе соғыс аппараты – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ұшқышсыз әуе соғыс аппараты" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karinis_bepilotis_orlaivis" title="Karinis bepilotis orlaivis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Karinis bepilotis orlaivis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pil%C3%B3ta_n%C3%A9lk%C3%BCli_harci_rep%C3%BCl%C5%91g%C3%A9p" title="Pilóta nélküli harci repülőgép – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Pilóta nélküli harci repülőgép" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B5%BA%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%8F%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" title="അൺമാൻഡ്‌ കോംപാക്റ്റ് ഏരിയൽ വെഹിക്കൾ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അൺമാൻഡ്‌ കോംപാക്റ്റ് ഏരിയൽ വെഹിക്കൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesawat_tempur_udara_tanpa_pemandu" title="Pesawat tempur udara tanpa pemandu – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pesawat tempur udara tanpa pemandu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/UCAV" title="UCAV – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="UCAV" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kampdrone" title="Kampdrone – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kampdrone" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jangovor_uchuvchisiz_uchish_apparatlari" title="Jangovor uchuvchisiz uchish apparatlari – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Jangovor uchuvchisiz uchish apparatlari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ve%C3%ADculo_a%C3%A9reo_n%C3%A3o_tripulado_de_combate" title="Veículo aéreo não tripulado de combate – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Veículo aéreo não tripulado de combate" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avion_de_lupt%C4%83_f%C4%83r%C4%83_pilot" title="Avion de luptă fără pilot – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Avion de luptă fără pilot" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automjeti_ajror_luftarak_pa_pilot" title="Automjeti ajror luftarak pa pilot – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Automjeti ajror luftarak pa pilot" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unmanned_combat_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned combat aerial vehicle – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Unmanned combat aerial vehicle" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brezpilotno_bojno_letalo" title="Brezpilotno bojno letalo – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Brezpilotno bojno letalo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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searchaux" style="display:none">Unmanned aerial vehicle that is usually armed</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Loitering_munition" title="Loitering munition">Loitering munition</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Reaper_UAV_Takes_to_the_Skies_of_Southern_Afghanistan_MOD_45151418.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Reaper_UAV_Takes_to_the_Skies_of_Southern_Afghanistan_MOD_45151418.jpg/300px-Reaper_UAV_Takes_to_the_Skies_of_Southern_Afghanistan_MOD_45151418.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Reaper_UAV_Takes_to_the_Skies_of_Southern_Afghanistan_MOD_45151418.jpg/450px-Reaper_UAV_Takes_to_the_Skies_of_Southern_Afghanistan_MOD_45151418.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Reaper_UAV_Takes_to_the_Skies_of_Southern_Afghanistan_MOD_45151418.jpg/600px-Reaper_UAV_Takes_to_the_Skies_of_Southern_Afghanistan_MOD_45151418.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2035" /></a><figcaption>A British <a href="/wiki/General_Atomics_MQ-9_Reaper" title="General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper">MQ-9A Reaper</a> operating over Afghanistan in 2009</figcaption></figure> An unmanned combat aerial vehicle (UCAV), also known as a combat drone, fighter drone or battlefield UAV, is an <a href="/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned aerial vehicle">unmanned aerial vehicle</a> (UAV) that is used for <a href="/wiki/Intelligence,_surveillance,_target_acquisition,_and_reconnaissance" title="Intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition, and reconnaissance">intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition, and reconnaissance</a> and carries <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_ordnance" title="Aircraft ordnance">aircraft ordnance</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Missile" title="Missile">missiles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anti-tank_guided_missile" title="Anti-tank guided missile">anti-tank guided missiles</a> (ATGMs), and/or <a href="/wiki/Aerial_bomb" title="Aerial bomb">bombs</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hardpoint" title="Hardpoint">hardpoints</a> for <a href="/wiki/Drone_strike" class="mw-redirect" title="Drone strike">drone strikes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> These drones are usually under real-time human control, with varying levels of autonomy.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> UCAVs are used for reconnaissance, attacking targets and returning to base; unlike <a href="/wiki/Loitering_munition" title="Loitering munition">kamikaze drones</a> which are only made to explode on impact, or <a href="/wiki/Unmanned_surveillance_and_reconnaissance_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned surveillance and reconnaissance aerial vehicle">surveillance drones</a> which are only for gathering intelligence. Aircraft of this type have no onboard human pilot.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> As the <a href="/wiki/Radio_control" title="Radio control">operator runs the vehicle from a remote terminal</a>, equipment necessary for a human pilot is not needed, resulting in a lower weight and a smaller size than a manned aircraft. Many countries have operational domestic UCAVs, and many more have imported fighter drones or are in the process of developing them.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Unmanned_combat_aerial_vehicle&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/History_of_unmanned_combat_aerial_vehicles" title="History of unmanned combat aerial vehicles">History of unmanned combat aerial vehicles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drone_warfare" title="Drone warfare">Drone warfare</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Civilian_casualties_from_U.S._drone_strikes" class="mw-redirect" title="Civilian casualties from U.S. drone strikes">Civilian casualties from U.S. drone strikes</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Teledyne_Ryan_Firebee_234.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Teledyne_Ryan_Firebee_234.jpg/300px-Teledyne_Ryan_Firebee_234.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Teledyne_Ryan_Firebee_234.jpg/450px-Teledyne_Ryan_Firebee_234.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Teledyne_Ryan_Firebee_234.jpg/600px-Teledyne_Ryan_Firebee_234.jpg 2x" data-file-width="790" data-file-height="498" /></a><figcaption>1972: <a href="/wiki/Ryan_Firebee" title="Ryan Firebee">Ryan Firebee</a> with 2 Maverick missiles</figcaption></figure> One of the earliest explorations of the concept of the combat drone was by <a href="/wiki/Lee_de_Forest" title="Lee de Forest">Lee de Forest</a>, an early inventor of radio devices, and <a href="/wiki/Ulises_Armand_Sanabria" title="Ulises Armand Sanabria">U. A. Sanabria</a>, a TV engineer. They presented their idea in an article in a 1940 publication of Popular Mechanics.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> The modern military drone as known today was the brainchild of <a href="/wiki/John_Stuart_Foster_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="John Stuart Foster Jr.">John Stuart Foster Jr.</a>, a nuclear physicist of <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Livermore_National_Laboratory" title="Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory">Lawrence Livermore Laboratory</a>.<a href="#cite_note-kaplan-8">[8]</a> In 1971, Foster was a <a href="/wiki/Model_airplane" class="mw-redirect" title="Model airplane">model airplane</a> hobbyist and had the idea this hobby could be applied to building weapons.<a href="#cite_note-kaplan-8">[8]</a> He drew up plans and by 1973 <a href="/wiki/DARPA" title="DARPA">DARPA</a> (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) built two prototypes called "Prairie" and "Calera". They were powered by a modified lawn-mower engine and could stay aloft for two hours while carrying a 28-pound (13 kg) load.<a href="#cite_note-kaplan-8">[8]</a> In the 1973 <a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">Yom Kippur War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> used unarmed U.S. <a href="/wiki/Ryan_Firebee" title="Ryan Firebee">Ryan Firebee</a> target drones to spur <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> into firing its entire arsenal of anti-aircraft missiles.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> This mission was accomplished with no injuries to Israeli pilots, who soon exploited the depleted Egyptian defences. In the late 1970s and 80s, Israel developed the <a href="/wiki/IAI_Scout" title="IAI Scout">Scout</a> and the <a href="/wiki/AAI_RQ-2_Pioneer" title="AAI RQ-2 Pioneer">Pioneer</a>, which represented a shift toward the lighter, glider-type model of UAV in use today. Israel pioneered the use of <a href="/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned aerial vehicle">unmanned aerial vehicles</a> (UAVs) for real-time surveillance, electronic warfare, and decoys.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> The images and radar decoying provided by these UAVs helped Israel to completely neutralize the Syrian <a href="/wiki/Air_defense" class="mw-redirect" title="Air defense">air defenses</a> in <a href="/wiki/Operation_Mole_Cricket_19" title="Operation Mole Cricket 19">Operation Mole Cricket 19</a> at the start of the <a href="/wiki/1982_Lebanon_War" title="1982 Lebanon War">1982 Lebanon War</a>, resulting in no pilots downed.<a href="#cite_note-WSJLevinson-13">[13]</a> In the late 1980s, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> deployed a drone armed with six <a href="/wiki/RPG-7" title="RPG-7">RPG-7</a> rounds in the <a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="Iran–Iraq War">Iran–Iraq War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> Impressed by Israel's success, the US quickly acquired a number of UAVs, and its Hunter and Pioneer systems are direct derivatives of Israeli models. The first 'UAV war' was the first <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian Gulf War">Persian Gulf War</a>: according to a May 1991 Department of the Navy report: "At least one UAV was airborne at all times during Desert Storm." After the Persian Gulf War successfully demonstrated its utility, global militaries invested widely in the domestic development of combat UAVs.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> The first "kill" by an American UAV was on October 7, 2001, in <a href="/wiki/Kandahar" title="Kandahar">Kandahar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> In recent years, the U.S. has increased its use of <a href="/wiki/Drone_strikes_in_Pakistan" title="Drone strikes in Pakistan">drone strikes against targets in Pakistan</a> and elsewhere as part of the <a href="/wiki/War_on_Terrorism" class="mw-redirect" title="War on Terrorism">War on Terror</a>. In January 2014, it was estimated that 2,400 people had died from U.S. drone strikes in five years.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> In June 2015, the total death toll of U.S. drone strikes was estimated to exceed 6,000.<a href="#cite_note-pilkington-18">[18]</a> In 2020, Turkey became the first country to use UCAVs in a large, coordinated attack on a conventional battlefield when they attacked forces in Syria. They were used to attack enemy positions, to provide cover for ground forces and to scout for artillery.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> Drones were used extensively in the <a href="/wiki/2020_Nagorno-Karabakh_war" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war">2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war</a> between Azerbaijan and Armenia.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> Azerbaijan's use of cheaper Turkish <a href="/wiki/Bayraktar_TB2" title="Bayraktar TB2">TB2</a> drones was seen as crucial to their victory against the Armenian forces.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> Drones were also used extensively during the <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> Usage of drones offers a cost advantage: "People are taking small drones, like the ones you can buy at JB Hi-Fi for $2000, putting a grenade on them and flying them over a crowd or a tank and releasing the grenade. You can basically build a $3000 machine to destroy a $5 million piece of equipment that your enemy has."<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current">Current</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Unmanned_combat_aerial_vehicle&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Current">edit</a>]</div> Below are a list of some current dedicated armed UAV's: <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bayraktar_TB2_Runway.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Bayraktar_TB2_Runway.jpg/220px-Bayraktar_TB2_Runway.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Bayraktar_TB2_Runway.jpg/330px-Bayraktar_TB2_Runway.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Bayraktar_TB2_Runway.jpg/440px-Bayraktar_TB2_Runway.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3129" data-file-height="1305" /></a><figcaption>A Turkish <a href="/wiki/Bayraktar_TB2" title="Bayraktar TB2">Bayraktar TB2</a> on the runway</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Country </th> <th>Manufacturer </th> <th>Aircraft </th> <th>Introduced </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/General_Atomics_Aeronautical_Systems" title="General Atomics Aeronautical Systems">General Atomics</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/General_Atomics_MQ-1_Predator" title="General Atomics MQ-1 Predator">MQ-1 Predator</a> </td> <td>1995 </td></tr> <tr> <td>United States </td> <td>General Atomics </td> <td><a href="/wiki/General_Atomics_MQ-9_Reaper" title="General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper">MQ-9 Reaper</a> </td> <td>2007 </td></tr> <tr> <td>United States </td> <td>General Atomics </td> <td><a href="/wiki/General_Atomics_MQ-1C_Gray_Eagle" title="General Atomics MQ-1C Gray Eagle">MQ-1C Gray Eagle</a> </td> <td>2009 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Boeing_Australia" title="Boeing Australia">Boeing Australia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Boeing_MQ-28_Ghost_Bat" title="Boeing MQ-28 Ghost Bat">Boeing MQ-28 Ghost Bat</a> </td> <td>2024 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chengdu_Aircraft_Industry_Group" title="Chengdu Aircraft Industry Group">Chengdu Aerospace</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/CAIG_Wing_Loong" title="CAIG Wing Loong">CAIG Wing Loong</a> </td> <td>2011 </td></tr> <tr> <td>China </td> <td>Chengdu Aerospace </td> <td><a href="/wiki/CAIG_Wing_Loong-10" class="mw-redirect" title="CAIG Wing Loong-10">CAIG Wing Loong-10</a> </td> <td>2016 </td></tr> <tr> <td>China </td> <td>Chengdu Aerospace </td> <td><a href="/wiki/CAIG_Wing_Loong_II" title="CAIG Wing Loong II">CAIG Wing Loong II</a> </td> <td>2017 </td></tr> <tr> <td>China </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harbin_Aircraft_Industry_Group" title="Harbin Aircraft Industry Group">Harbin Aircraft Industry Group</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harbin_BZK-005" title="Harbin BZK-005">Harbin BZK-005</a> </td> <td>2006 </td></tr> <tr> <td>China </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hongdu" title="Hongdu">Hongdu Aerospace</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hongdu_GJ-11" title="Hongdu GJ-11">Hongdu GJ-11</a> </td> <td>2019 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chengdu_Aircraft_Industry_Group" title="Chengdu Aircraft Industry Group">Chengdu Aerospace</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chengdu_Wing_Loong-3" title="Chengdu Wing Loong-3">Wing Loong-III</a> </td> <td>2022 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Aerospace_Industries" title="Turkish Aerospace Industries">Turkish Aerospace Industries</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/TAI_Anka" title="TAI Anka">TAI Anka</a> </td> <td>2010 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Turkey </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baykar" title="Baykar">Baykar Defense</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bayraktar_TB2" title="Bayraktar TB2">Bayraktar TB2</a> </td> <td>2014 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Turkey </td> <td>Turkish Aerospace Industries </td> <td><a href="/wiki/TAI_Aksungur" title="TAI Aksungur">TAI Aksungur</a> </td> <td>2019 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Turkey </td> <td>Baykar Defense </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bayraktar_Ak%C4%B1nc%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Bayraktar Akıncı">Bayraktar Akıncı</a> </td> <td>2021 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Aerospace_Industries" title="Turkish Aerospace Industries">Turkish Aerospace Industries</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/TAI_Anka-3" title="TAI Anka-3">TAI Anka-3</a> </td> <td>2023 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Turkey </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baykar" title="Baykar">Baykar Defense</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bayraktar_TB3" class="mw-redirect" title="Bayraktar TB3">Bayraktar TB3</a> </td> <td>2023 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Turkey </td> <td>Baykar Defense </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bayraktar_K%C4%B1z%C4%B1lelma" title="Bayraktar Kızılelma">Bayraktar Kızılelma</a> </td> <td>2024 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Engineering_%26_Scientific_Commission" title="National Engineering & Scientific Commission">NESCOM</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/NESCOM_Burraq" title="NESCOM Burraq">NESCOM Burraq</a> </td> <td>2016 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pakistan </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Global_Industrial_Defence_Solutions" title="Global Industrial Defence Solutions">GIDS</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GIDS_Shahpar-2" class="mw-redirect" title="GIDS Shahpar-2">GIDS Shahpar-2</a> </td> <td>2021 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Defence_Research_and_Development_Organisation" title="Defence Research and Development Organisation">DRDO</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/DRDO_Ghatak" title="DRDO Ghatak">DRDO Ghatak</a> </td> <td>2023 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Qods_Aviation_Industry_Company" title="Qods Aviation Industry Company">Qods Aviation</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Qods_Mohajer-6" title="Qods Mohajer-6">Qods Mohajer-6</a> </td> <td>2017 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Iran </td> <td>Qods Aviation </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Qods_Mohajer_10" title="Qods Mohajer 10">Qods Mohajer-10</a> </td> <td>2023 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Iran </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iran_Aircraft_Manufacturing_Industries_Corporation" title="Iran Aircraft Manufacturing Industries Corporation">HESA</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shahed_129" title="Shahed 129">HESA Shahed-129</a> </td> <td>2012 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Iran </td> <td>HESA </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shahed_149_Gaza" title="Shahed 149 Gaza">HESA Shahed-149 Gaza</a> </td> <td>2022 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Iran </td> <td>HESA </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shahed_Saegheh" title="Shahed Saegheh">HESA Shahed 191 Saegheh</a> </td> <td>2010 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Iran </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Air_Force" title="Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force">IRIAF</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kaman_22_(UAV)" title="Kaman 22 (UAV)">Kaman 22</a> </td> <td>2021 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td> <td>Kronshtadt group </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kronshtadt_Orion" title="Kronshtadt Orion">Kronshtadt Orion</a> </td> <td>2020 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Milkor_(Pty)_Ltd" class="mw-redirect" title="Milkor (Pty) Ltd">Milkor</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Milkor_380" title="Milkor 380">Milkor 380</a> </td> <td>2023 </td></tr></tbody></table> Some reconnaissance drones that have armed capability include the <a href="/wiki/CASC_Rainbow#CH-92" title="CASC Rainbow">CASC CH-92</a>, <a href="/wiki/IAI_Eitan" title="IAI Eitan">IAI Eitan</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ababil-3" class="mw-redirect" title="Ababil-3">Ababil-3</a>, <a href="/wiki/HESA_Ababil" title="HESA Ababil">Ababil-5</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hamaseh" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamaseh">Hamaseh</a>. Some commercial drones such as <a href="/wiki/DJI_Mavic" title="DJI Mavic">DJI Mavic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Phantom_(unmanned_aerial_vehicle_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Phantom (unmanned aerial vehicle series)">Phantom</a> have been modified to carry light explosives for combat missions in recent wars. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Future">Future</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Unmanned_combat_aerial_vehicle&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Future">edit</a>]</div> Below is a table of some technology demonstrators and projects in development: <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Taranis_Test_Flight.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Taranis_Test_Flight.jpg/220px-Taranis_Test_Flight.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Taranis_Test_Flight.jpg/330px-Taranis_Test_Flight.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Taranis_Test_Flight.jpg/440px-Taranis_Test_Flight.jpg 2x" data-file-width="948" data-file-height="616" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/BAE_Taranis" class="mw-redirect" title="BAE Taranis">BAE Taranis</a> model is one of the larger designs</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Aircraft </th> <th>Country </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/AVIC_Dark_Sword" title="AVIC Dark Sword">AVIC Dark Sword</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> </td> <td>Technology demonstrator/testing </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems_Corax" title="BAE Systems Corax">BAE Systems Corax</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </td> <td>Technology demonstrator </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems_Taranis" title="BAE Systems Taranis">BAE Systems Taranis</a> </td> <td>United Kingdom </td> <td>Technology demonstrator </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Boeing_Phantom_Ray" title="Boeing Phantom Ray">Boeing Phantom Ray</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td> <td>Under development/testing </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dassault_nEUROn" title="Dassault nEUROn">Dassault nEUROn</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> </td> <td>Experimental <a href="/wiki/Stealth_aircraft" title="Stealth aircraft">stealth</a> UCAV </td></tr> <tr> <td>DRDO Archer-NG </td> <td><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> </td> <td>Under development </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/DRDO_Ghatak" title="DRDO Ghatak">DRDO Ghatak</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> </td> <td>Under development/testing </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Eurodrone" title="Eurodrone">Eurodrone</a> </td> <td>European Union </td> <td>Under development </td></tr> <tr> <td>EMC Operations Anaconda </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </td> <td>Under development/testing </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/CATS_Warrior" class="mw-redirect" title="CATS Warrior">HAL CATS Warrior</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> </td> <td>Under development </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_X-47A_Pegasus" title="Northrop Grumman X-47A Pegasus">Northrop Grumman X-47A</a> </td> <td>United States </td> <td>Technology demonstrator inc. <a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_X-47B" title="Northrop Grumman X-47B">X-47B</a> / <a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_X-47C" class="mw-redirect" title="Northrop Grumman X-47C">C</a> variants </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Baykar_Bayraktar_K%C4%B1z%C4%B1lelma" class="mw-redirect" title="Baykar Bayraktar Kızılelma">Bayraktar Kızılelma</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> </td> <td>Under development/testing </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/TAI_Anka-3" title="TAI Anka-3">TAI Anka-3</a> </td> <td>Turkey </td> <td>Under development/testing </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Atob%C3%A1_XR" title="Atobá XR">Atobá XR</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> </td> <td>Under development/testing </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sukhoi_S-70_Okhotnik-B" title="Sukhoi S-70 Okhotnik-B">S-70 Okhotnik-B</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td> <td>Under development/testing </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/IAIO_Qaher-313" title="IAIO Qaher-313">IAIO Qaher-313</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> </td> <td>Under development/testing </td></tr> <tr> <td>Qods Mohajer-7 </td> <td>Iran </td> <td>Under development </td></tr> <tr> <td>Qods Mohajer-9 </td> <td>Iran </td> <td>Under development </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Autonomous_Flying_wing_Tech.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Autonomous_Flying_wing_Tech.jpg/220px-Autonomous_Flying_wing_Tech.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Autonomous_Flying_wing_Tech.jpg/330px-Autonomous_Flying_wing_Tech.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Autonomous_Flying_wing_Tech.jpg/440px-Autonomous_Flying_wing_Tech.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2018" data-file-height="1345" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/DRDO_Ghatak" title="DRDO Ghatak">DRDO Ghatak</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Israel">Israel</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Unmanned_combat_aerial_vehicle&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Israel">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Elbit_Hermes_450">Elbit Hermes 450</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Unmanned_combat_aerial_vehicle&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Elbit Hermes 450">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Elbit_Hermes_450" title="Elbit Hermes 450">Elbit Hermes 450</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zik_Squadron_(Hermes_450),_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Zik_Squadron_%28Hermes_450%29%2C_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Zik_Squadron_%28Hermes_450%29%2C_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Zik_Squadron_%28Hermes_450%29%2C_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Zik_Squadron_%28Hermes_450%29%2C_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Zik_Squadron_%28Hermes_450%29%2C_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Zik_Squadron_%28Hermes_450%29%2C_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2130" data-file-height="1490" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Air_Force" title="Israeli Air Force">IAF</a> <a href="/wiki/Elbit_Hermes_450" title="Elbit Hermes 450">Hermes 450</a> from <a href="/wiki/200_Squadron_(Israel)" title="200 Squadron (Israel)">200 Squadron</a> </figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Air_Force" title="Israeli Air Force">Israeli Air Force</a>, which operates a squadron of <a href="/wiki/Hermes_450" class="mw-redirect" title="Hermes 450">Hermes 450s</a> out of <a href="/wiki/Palmachim_Airbase" title="Palmachim Airbase">Palmachim Airbase</a> south of <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a>, has adapted the Hermes 450 for use as an assault UAV, reportedly equipping it with two <a href="/wiki/AGM-114_Hellfire" title="AGM-114 Hellfire">Hellfire</a> missiles or, according to various sources, two <a href="/wiki/RAFAEL_Armament_Development_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="RAFAEL Armament Development Authority">Rafael</a>-made missiles. According to Israeli,<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestinian</a>, Lebanese, and independent reports, the Israeli assault UAV has been used in the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a> and was used intensively in the <a href="/wiki/2006_Israel-Lebanon_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict">Second Lebanon War</a>. Israel has not denied this capability, but to date, its policy has been to not officially confirm it either.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turkey">Turkey</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Unmanned_combat_aerial_vehicle&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Turkey">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="TAI_Aksungur">TAI Aksungur</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Unmanned_combat_aerial_vehicle&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: TAI Aksungur">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/TAI_Aksungur" title="TAI Aksungur">TAI Aksungur</a></div> TAI Aksungur is a built by <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Aerospace_Industries" title="Turkish Aerospace Industries">Turkish Aerospace Industries (TAI)</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Armed_Forces" title="Turkish Armed Forces">Turkish Armed Forces</a>.<a href="#cite_note-j360-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-ds1-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-dn1-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-tai-28">[28]</a> Using existing technology from the <a href="/wiki/TAI_Anka" title="TAI Anka">TAI Anka</a> series of drones, it is the manufacturer's largest drone,<a href="#cite_note-FlightglobalDebut-29">[29]</a> with payload capacity for mission-specific equipment. It is intended to be used for long-term surveillance, signals intelligence, maritime patrol missions, or as an UCAV. The first unit was delivered to the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Naval_Forces" title="Turkish Naval Forces">Turkish Naval Forces</a> on 20 October 2021. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bayraktar_Kizilelma">Bayraktar Kizilelma</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Unmanned_combat_aerial_vehicle&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bayraktar Kizilelma">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bayraktar_K%C4%B1z%C4%B1lelma" title="Bayraktar Kızılelma">Bayraktar Kızılelma</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bayraktar_K%C4%B1z%C4%B1lelma_on_the_deck_of_TCG_Anadolu_(L-400)_-_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Bayraktar_K%C4%B1z%C4%B1lelma_on_the_deck_of_TCG_Anadolu_%28L-400%29_-_2.jpg/220px-Bayraktar_K%C4%B1z%C4%B1lelma_on_the_deck_of_TCG_Anadolu_%28L-400%29_-_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Bayraktar_K%C4%B1z%C4%B1lelma_on_the_deck_of_TCG_Anadolu_%28L-400%29_-_2.jpg/330px-Bayraktar_K%C4%B1z%C4%B1lelma_on_the_deck_of_TCG_Anadolu_%28L-400%29_-_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Bayraktar_K%C4%B1z%C4%B1lelma_on_the_deck_of_TCG_Anadolu_%28L-400%29_-_2.jpg/440px-Bayraktar_K%C4%B1z%C4%B1lelma_on_the_deck_of_TCG_Anadolu_%28L-400%29_-_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8000" data-file-height="6000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bayraktar_K%C4%B1z%C4%B1lelma" title="Bayraktar Kızılelma">Baykar Kızılelma</a> is a jet-engine UCAV developed for the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Air_Force" title="Turkish Air Force">Turkish Air Force</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Naval_Forces" title="Turkish Naval Forces">Turkish Navy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Baykar_MIUS_Official-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a></figcaption></figure> Bayraktar Kızılelma is a proposed jet-powered, single-engine, low-observable, supersonic, carrier-capable unmanned combat aircraft in development by <a href="/wiki/Baykar" title="Baykar">Baykar</a>, famous for its <a href="/wiki/Bayraktar_TB2" title="Bayraktar TB2">Bayraktar TB2</a>. On 12 March 2022, <a href="/wiki/Sel%C3%A7uk_Bayraktar" title="Selçuk Bayraktar">Selçuk Bayraktar</a>, CTO of Baykar announced that the first prototype of the Bayraktar Kızılelma has entered the production line.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="TAI_Anka-3">TAI Anka-3</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Unmanned_combat_aerial_vehicle&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: TAI Anka-3">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/TAI_Anka" title="TAI Anka">TAI Anka</a></div> <a href="/wiki/TAI_Anka#Anka-3" title="TAI Anka">TAI Anka 3</a> is the code-name for the new single engine UCAV being developed by TAI.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> It will have a <a href="/wiki/Flying_wing" title="Flying wing">flying wing</a> form,<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> and will feature low-observable stealth technology. The role of the aircraft will be <a href="/wiki/Suppression_of_Enemy_Air_Defenses" title="Suppression of Enemy Air Defenses">suppression of enemy air defenses (SEAD)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Penetrator_(aircraft)" title="Penetrator (aircraft)">penetration</a> and bomber.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Unmanned_combat_aerial_vehicle&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: United Kingdom">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="BAE_Systems_Taranis">BAE Systems Taranis</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Unmanned_combat_aerial_vehicle&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: BAE Systems Taranis">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems_Taranis" title="BAE Systems Taranis">BAE Systems Taranis</a></div> Taranis is a British demonstrator program for unmanned combat air vehicle (UCAV) technology. It is part of the UK's Strategic Unmanned Air Vehicle (Experimental) (SUAV[E]) program. BAE describes Taranis's role in this context as following: "This £124m, four -year programme is part of the UK Government's Strategic Unmanned Air Vehicle Experiment (SUAVE) and will result in a UCAV demonstrator with fully integrated autonomous systems and low observable features." The Taranis demonstrator will have an MTOW (Maximum Takeoff Weight) of about 8000 kilograms and be of comparable size to the <a href="/wiki/BAE_Hawk" class="mw-redirect" title="BAE Hawk">BAE Hawk</a> – making it one of the world's largest UAVs. It will be stealthy, fast, and able to deploy a range of munitions over a number of targets, as well as being capable of defending itself against manned and other unmanned enemy aircraft. The first steel was cut in September 2007 and ground testing started in early 2009. The first flight of the Taranis took place in August 2013 in Woomera, Australia.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> The demonstrator will have two internal weapons bays. With the inclusion of "full autonomy" the intention is thus for this platform to be able to "think for itself" for a large part of the mission.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Unmanned_combat_aerial_vehicle&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: United States">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Battlefield_UAVs_of_the_United_States" title="Battlefield UAVs of the United States">Battlefield UAVs of the United States</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="J-UCAS">J-UCAS</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Unmanned_combat_aerial_vehicle&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: J-UCAS">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Joint_Unmanned_Combat_Air_Systems" title="Joint Unmanned Combat Air Systems">Joint Unmanned Combat Air Systems</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_X-45" title="Boeing X-45">Boeing X-45</a> UCAV (TD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-47_Pegasus" class="mw-redirect" title="X-47 Pegasus">Northrop-Grumman X-47 Pegasus</a></li></ul> Joint Unmanned Combat Air Systems, or J-UCAS, was the name for the joint <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">U.S. Navy</a>/<a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">U.S. Air Force</a> unmanned combat air vehicle procurement project. J-UCAS was managed by DARPA, the <a href="/wiki/Defense_Advanced_Research_Projects_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency">Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency</a>. In the 2006 <a href="/wiki/Quadrennial_Defense_Review" title="Quadrennial Defense Review">Quadrennial Defense Review</a>, the J-UCAS program was terminated.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The program would have used stealth technologies and allowed UCAVs to be armed with precision-guided weapons such as <a href="/wiki/Joint_Direct_Attack_Munition" title="Joint Direct Attack Munition">Joint Direct Attack Munition</a> (JDAM) or precision miniature munitions, such as the <a href="/wiki/Small-Diameter_Bomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Small-Diameter Bomb">Small-Diameter Bomb</a>, which are used to suppress enemy air defenses. Controllers could have used real-time data sources, including satellites, to plan for and respond to changes on and around the battlefield. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:X-47B_operating_in_the_Atlantic_Test_Range_(modified).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/X-47B_operating_in_the_Atlantic_Test_Range_%28modified%29.jpg/220px-X-47B_operating_in_the_Atlantic_Test_Range_%28modified%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/X-47B_operating_in_the_Atlantic_Test_Range_%28modified%29.jpg/330px-X-47B_operating_in_the_Atlantic_Test_Range_%28modified%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/X-47B_operating_in_the_Atlantic_Test_Range_%28modified%29.jpg/440px-X-47B_operating_in_the_Atlantic_Test_Range_%28modified%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2757" data-file-height="1798" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_X-47B" title="Northrop Grumman X-47B">X-47B</a> UCAV technology demonstrator</figcaption></figure> The program was later revitalized into <a href="/wiki/UCAS-D" class="mw-redirect" title="UCAS-D">UCAS-D</a>, a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> program designed to develop a carrier-based unmanned aircraft.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="N-UCAS">N-UCAS</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Unmanned_combat_aerial_vehicle&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: N-UCAS">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/UCAS-D" class="mw-redirect" title="UCAS-D">UCAS-D</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_X-47B" title="Northrop Grumman X-47B">Northrop Grumman X-47B</a> are the U.S. Navy-only successors to the J-UCAS, which was canceled in 2006. Boeing is also working on the <a href="/wiki/Boeing_X-45#X-45N" title="Boeing X-45">X-45N</a> in this sector. In a New Year 2011 editorial titled "China's Naval Ambitions", <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> editorial board argued that "[t]he Pentagon must accelerate efforts to make American naval forces in Asia less vulnerable to <a href="/wiki/Carrier_killer" class="mw-redirect" title="Carrier killer">Chinese missile threats</a> by giving them the means to project their deterrent power from further offshore. Cutting back purchases of the Navy's <a href="/wiki/Zumwalt_class_destroyer" class="mw-redirect" title="Zumwalt class destroyer">DDG-1000 destroyer</a> (with its deficient missile defense system) was a first step. A bigger one would be to reduce the Navy's reliance on short-range manned strike aircraft like the <a href="/wiki/Boeing_F/A-18E/F_Super_Hornet" title="Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet">F-18</a> and the <a href="/wiki/F-35C" class="mw-redirect" title="F-35C">F-35</a>, in favor of the carrier-launched N-UCAS ...."<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> On 6 January 2011, the DOD announced that this would be one area of additional investment in the 2012 budget request.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="USAF_Hunter-Killer">USAF Hunter-Killer</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Unmanned_combat_aerial_vehicle&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: USAF Hunter-Killer">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/USAF_Hunter-Killer" title="USAF Hunter-Killer">USAF Hunter-Killer</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scaled_Composites_Model_395" class="mw-redirect" title="Scaled Composites Model 395">Scaled Composites Model 395</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scaled_Composites_Model_396" class="mw-redirect" title="Scaled Composites Model 396">Scaled Composites Model 396</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Atomics" title="General Atomics">General Atomics</a> <a href="/wiki/MQ-9_Reaper" class="mw-redirect" title="MQ-9 Reaper">MQ-9 Reaper</a> (originally the <a href="/wiki/MQ-1_Predator" class="mw-redirect" title="MQ-1 Predator">Predator</a> B)</li> <li>Aurora Flight Sciences/<a href="/wiki/Israel_Aircraft_Industries" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel Aircraft Industries">Israel Aircraft Industries</a> Eagle/Heron 2</li> <li>Unnamed <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin" title="Lockheed Martin">Lockheed Martin</a> entry</li></ul> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a> has shifted its UCAV program from medium-range <a href="/wiki/Military_tactics" title="Military tactics">tactical</a> <a href="/wiki/Strike_aircraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Strike aircraft">strike aircraft</a> to long-range <a href="/wiki/Strategic_bomber" title="Strategic bomber">strategic bombers</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The technology of the Long Range Strike program is based on the <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_Polecat" title="Lockheed Martin Polecat">Lockheed Martin Polecat</a> demonstrator. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Multinational">Multinational</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Unmanned_combat_aerial_vehicle&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Multinational">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>EADS Surveyor: The EADS "Surveyor" is still in preliminary investigation phase. It will be a fixed-wing, jet-powered UAV and is being positioned as a replacement for the CL-289. <a href="/wiki/EADS" class="mw-redirect" title="EADS">EADS</a> is currently working on a demonstrator, the "Carapas", modified from an Italian Mirach 100 drone. The production Surveyor would be a stealthy machine with a top speed of 850 km/h (530 mph), an endurance of up to three hours, and capable of carrying a sophisticated sensor payload, including SIGINT gear. It would also be able to carry external loads, such as air-dropped sensors or light munitions.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Non-state_actors">Non-state actors</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Unmanned_combat_aerial_vehicle&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Non-state actors">edit</a>]</div> In the mid-2010s, the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State</a> terrorist group began attaching explosives to commercially-available <a href="/wiki/Quadcopter" title="Quadcopter">quadcopters</a> such as the Chinese-made <a href="/wiki/Phantom_(unmanned_aerial_vehicle_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Phantom (unmanned aerial vehicle series)">DJI Phantom</a> to bomb military targets in <a href="/wiki/Territory_of_the_Islamic_State" title="Territory of the Islamic State">Iraq and Syria</a>.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mosul_(2016%E2%80%9317)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Mosul (2016–17)">2016–17 battle of Mosul</a>, the Islamic State reportedly used drones as surveillance and weapons delivery platforms, using improvised cradles to drop grenades and other explosives.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> An Islamic State drone facility was notably targeted by <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a> strike aircraft during the battle.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> Militant groups during the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a> have also reportedly used UAVs in attacks, one example being a swarm of drones armed with bombs attacking Russian bases in western Syria in early January 2018.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> Starting in the 2020s, <a href="/wiki/Drug_cartel#Mexico" title="Drug cartel">Mexican drug cartels</a> began dropping reportedly hundreds of drone-carried bombs targeting both security forces and enemy gangs during turf wars.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Counter_drone_tactics">Counter drone tactics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Unmanned_combat_aerial_vehicle&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Counter drone tactics">edit</a>]</div> There has been widespread use of drones in the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-auto-48">[48]</a> Ukrainian soldiers use GPS signals to guide a drone to find Russian artillery and to guide Ukrainian artillery. Jamming these drone GPS signals cause drones to operate less effectively,<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> as the operators of drones have to rely on pre-programmed routes through areas of jamming until communications can be restored. Other systems supplied by the West rely on automation.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> Systems like the <a href="/wiki/AeroVironment_Switchblade" title="AeroVironment Switchblade">AeroVironment Switchblade</a> can find targets autonomously, requiring human permission only to engage found targets.<a href="#cite_note-auto-48">[48]</a> In October 2022 a video appeared on the web showing two drones colliding and one being rendered unflyable as a result.<a href="#cite_note-Newdick-51">[51]</a> It was claimed that the filming drone was Ukrainian and the one destroyed was Russian.<a href="#cite_note-Newdick-51">[51]</a> If this is the case it would be the first recorded case of drone on drone combat.<a href="#cite_note-Newdick-51">[51]</a> On 27 December 2022 North Korea sent five drones over the border. One reaching Seoul, all five returned to the North, despite a five-hour chase involving fighter jets and attack helicopters with some 100 rounds being fired. A South Korean <a href="/wiki/KAI_KT-1_Woongbi" title="KAI KT-1 Woongbi">KAI KT-1 Woongbi</a> crashed although both crew survived. The <a href="/wiki/Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff_(South_Korea)" title="Joint Chiefs of Staff (South Korea)">Joint Chiefs of Staff (South Korea)</a> released a statement in which it said that while it can stop attack drones, its ability to stop smaller spy drones is "limited". A senior official, Kang Shin-chul, said: "Our military's lack of preparedness has caused a lot of concern to the people…actively employ detection devices to spot the enemy's drone from an early stage and aggressively deploy strike assets". The South Korean President <a href="/wiki/Yoon_Suk-yeol" class="mw-redirect" title="Yoon Suk-yeol">Yoon Suk-yeol</a> has indicated that South Korea will invest in stealthy drones that could penetrate North Korea, with the creation of a new military unit.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> The South Korean Defence Ministry announced a new series of anti-drone measures, planning to spend some 560 billion won over the next five years. The money will go towards four new initiatives. One is an airborne laser that will be used to destroy larger drones whilst a jammer would be used on smaller drones. A new counter drone unit, made up of two squadrons, would also be created. The laser is already in the test phase and is expected to become operational in 2027. The jamming system has been described as "soft kill".<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Error_in_target_selection">Error in target selection</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Unmanned_combat_aerial_vehicle&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Error in target selection">edit</a>]</div> There are only estimates of the magnitude of the errors in target selection. However, they do occur and some of them become known. One fatal "error" happened in December 2023, when the <a href="/wiki/Nigerian_Army" title="Nigerian Army">Nigerian army</a> accidentally hit a village in <a href="/wiki/Kaduna_State" title="Kaduna State">northwestern Nigeria</a> killing 85 civilians celebrating a Muslim festival.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> The army said they thought the people were rebels.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ethics_and_laws">Ethics and laws</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Unmanned_combat_aerial_vehicle&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Ethics and laws">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Targeted_killing" title="Targeted killing">Targeted killing</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Civilian_casualties">Civilian casualties</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Unmanned_combat_aerial_vehicle&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Civilian casualties">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Israel_2">Israel</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Unmanned_combat_aerial_vehicle&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Israel">edit</a>]</div> In March 2009, <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> reported allegations that Israeli UAVs armed with missiles killed 48 <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian people">Palestinian civilians</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a>, including two small children in a field and a group of women and girls in an otherwise empty street.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> In June, <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> investigated six UAV attacks that were reported to have resulted in civilian casualties and alleged that Israeli forces either failed to take all feasible precautions to verify that the targets were combatants or failed to distinguish between combatants and civilians.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_States_2">United States</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Unmanned_combat_aerial_vehicle&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: United States">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Disposition_Matrix" title="Disposition Matrix">Disposition Matrix</a> and <a href="/wiki/Civilian_casualties_from_U.S._drone_strikes" class="mw-redirect" title="Civilian casualties from U.S. drone strikes">Civilian casualties from U.S. drone strikes</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Collateral_damage" title="Collateral damage">Collateral damage</a> of <a href="/wiki/Civilians" class="mw-redirect" title="Civilians">civilians</a> still takes place with drone combat, although some (like <a href="/wiki/John_O._Brennan" class="mw-redirect" title="John O. Brennan">John O. Brennan</a>) have argued that it greatly reduces the likelihood.<a href="#cite_note-Wilson_Center-61">[61]</a> Although drones enable advanced tactical surveillance and up-to-the-minute data, flaws can become apparent.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> The U.S. drone program in Pakistan has killed several dozen civilians accidentally.<a href="#cite_note-latime2-63">[63]</a> An example is the operation in February 2010 near Khod, in <a href="/wiki/Urozgan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Urozgan Province">Uruzgan Province</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>. Over ten civilians in a three-vehicle convoy travelling from <a href="/wiki/Daykundi_Province" title="Daykundi Province">Daykundi Province</a> were accidentally killed after a drone crew misidentified the civilians as hostile threats. A force of <a href="/wiki/Bell_OH-58_Kiowa" title="Bell OH-58 Kiowa">Bell OH-58 Kiowa</a> helicopters, who were attempting to protect ground troops fighting several kilometers away, fired <a href="/wiki/AGM-114_Hellfire" title="AGM-114 Hellfire">AGM-114 Hellfire</a> missiles at the vehicles.<a href="#cite_note-latime1-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-wapo1-65">[65]</a> In 2009, the <a href="/wiki/Brookings_Institution" title="Brookings Institution">Brookings Institution</a> reported that in the US-led <a href="/wiki/Drone_strikes_in_Pakistan" title="Drone strikes in Pakistan">drone attacks in Pakistan</a>, ten civilians died for every militant killed.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> A former ambassador of Pakistan said that American UAV attacks were turning Pakistani opinion against the United States.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> The website PakistanBodyCount.Org reported 1,065 civilian deaths between 2004 and 2010.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> According to a 2010 analysis by the <a href="/wiki/New_America_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="New America Foundation">New America Foundation</a> 114 UAV-based missile strikes in northwest Pakistan from 2004 killed between 830 and 1,210 individuals, around 550 to 850 of whom were militants.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> In October 2013, the Pakistani government revealed that since 2008 317 drone strikes had killed 2,160 Islamic militants and 67 civilians – far less than previous government and independent organization calculations.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> In July 2013, former Pentagon lawyer <a href="/wiki/Jeh_Johnson" title="Jeh Johnson">Jeh Johnson</a> said, on a panel at the <a href="/wiki/Aspen_Institute" title="Aspen Institute">Aspen Institute</a>'s Security Forum, that he felt an emotional reaction upon reading <a href="/wiki/Nasser_al-Awlaki" title="Nasser al-Awlaki">Nasser al-Awlaki</a>'s account of how his 16-year-old grandson was killed by a U.S. drone.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> In December 2013, a U.S. drone strike in <a href="/wiki/Rada%27_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Rada' District">Radda</a>, capital of Yemen's <a href="/wiki/Al_Bayda%27_Governorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Bayda' Governorate">Bayda province</a>, killed members of a wedding party.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> The following February, <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> published a 28-page report reviewing the strike and its legality, among other things. Titled "A Wedding That Became A Funeral", the report concludes that some (but not necessarily all) of the casualties were civilians, not the intended regional <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_the_Arabian_Peninsula" title="Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula">Al-Qaeda</a> targets. The organization demanded US and Yemeni investigations into the attack. In its research, HRW "found no evidence that the individuals taking part in the wedding procession posed an imminent threat to life. In the absence of an armed conflict, killing them would be a violation of international human rights law."<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_effects">Political effects</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Unmanned_combat_aerial_vehicle&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Political effects">edit</a>]</div> As a new weapon, drones are having unforeseen political effects. Some scholars have argued that the extensive use of drones will undermine the popular legitimacy of local governments, which are blamed for permitting the strikes.<a href="#cite_note-Smith_–_5_Sept_2012-75">[75]</a> On August 6, 2020, U.S. Senators <a href="/wiki/Rand_Paul" title="Rand Paul">Rand Paul</a> (R-KY), <a href="/wiki/Mike_Lee" title="Mike Lee">Mike Lee</a> (R-UT), <a href="/wiki/Chris_Murphy" title="Chris Murphy">Chris Murphy</a> (D-CT), <a href="/wiki/Chris_Coons" title="Chris Coons">Chris Coons</a> (D-DE), and <a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Bernie Sanders</a> (I-VT) introduced a bill to ban sales, transfers, and exports of large armed drones to countries outside of <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> amid concerns that civilians were killed with American-made weapons used by Saudi Arabia and the UAE during the <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabian-led_intervention_in_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen">Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen</a>. Congress had previously passed a similar measure with bipartisan support, but failed to overcome President Donald Trump's veto.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Psychological_effects">Psychological effects</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Unmanned_combat_aerial_vehicle&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Psychological effects">edit</a>]</div> Controllers can also experience psychological stress from the combat they are involved in. A few may even experience <a href="/wiki/Posttraumatic_stress_disorder" class="mw-redirect" title="Posttraumatic stress disorder">posttraumatic stress disorder</a> (PTSD).<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> There are some reports of drone pilots struggling with post traumatic stress disorder after they have killed civilians, especially children. Unlike bomber pilots, moreover, drone operators linger long after the explosives strike and see its effects on human bodies in stark detail. The intense training that US drone operators undergo "works to dehumanise the 'enemy' people below whilst glorifying and celebrating the killing process."<a href="#cite_note-Drone:_Robot_Imperium_–_Longreads-79">[79]</a> Professor Shannon E. French, the director of the Center for Ethics and Excellence at <a href="/wiki/Case_Western_Reserve_University" title="Case Western Reserve University">Case Western Reserve University</a> and a former professor at the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Naval_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Naval Academy">U.S. Naval Academy</a>, wonders if the PTSD may be rooted in a suspicion that something else was at stake. According to Professor French, the author of the 2003 book The Code of the Warrior:<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> <blockquote>If [I'm] in the field risking and taking a life, there's a sense that I'm putting <a href="/wiki/Skin_in_the_game_(phrase)" title="Skin in the game (phrase)">skin in the game</a> … I'm taking a risk so it feels more honorable. Someone who kills at a distance—it can make them doubt. Am I truly <a href="/wiki/Honour" title="Honour">honorable</a>?</blockquote>The <a href="/wiki/Missile_Technology_Control_Regime" title="Missile Technology Control Regime">Missile Technology Control Regime</a> applies to UCAVs. On 28 October 2009, <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Special_Rapporteur" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Special Rapporteur">United Nations Special Rapporteur</a> on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions, <a href="/wiki/Philip_Alston" title="Philip Alston">Philip Alston</a>, presented a report to the Third Committee (social, humanitarian and cultural) of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">General Assembly</a> arguing that the use of unmanned combat air vehicles for <a href="/wiki/Targeted_killing" title="Targeted killing">targeted killings</a> should be regarded as a breach of <a href="/wiki/International_law" title="International law">international law</a> unless the United States can demonstrate appropriate precautions and accountability mechanisms are in place.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> In June 2015 forty-five former US military personnel issued a joint appeal to pilots of aerial drones operating in Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria, Pakistan and elsewhere urging them to refuse to fly and indicated that their missions "profoundly violate domestic and international laws." They noted that these drone attacks also undermine principles of human rights.<a href="#cite_note-pilkington-18">[18]</a> Some leaders worry about the effect drone warfare will have on soldiers' psychology. Keith Shurtleff, an army chaplain at Fort Jackson, South Carolina, worries "that as war becomes safer and easier, as soldiers are removed from the horrors of war and see the enemy not as humans but as blips on a screen, there is very real danger of losing the deterrent that such horrors provide".<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> Similar worries surfaced when "smart" bombs began to be used extensively in the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">First Gulf War</a>. Stanford's ‘Living Under Drones’ researchers, meanwhile, have shown that civilians in Pakistan and Afghanistan are reluctant to help those hit by the first strikes because rescuers themselves have often been killed by follow-on drone strikes. Injured relatives in the rubble of the first strike have been known to tell their relatives not to help rescue them because of the frequency of these so-called ‘double-tap’ strikes. People also avoid gathering in groups in visible places. Many children are permanently kept indoors and often no longer attend school.<a href="#cite_note-Drone:_Robot_Imperium_–_Longreads-79">[79]</a> Writer <a href="/wiki/Mark_Bowden" title="Mark Bowden">Mark Bowden</a> has disputed this viewpoint saying in his <a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a> article, "But flying a drone, [the pilot] sees the carnage close-up, in real time—the blood and severed body parts, the arrival of emergency responders, the anguish of friends and family. Often he’s been watching the people he kills for a long time before pulling the trigger. Drone pilots become familiar with their victims.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> They see them in the ordinary rhythms of their lives—with their wives and friends, with their children. War by remote control turns out to be intimate and disturbing. Pilots are sometimes shaken."<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> This assessment is corroborated by a sensor operator's account: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">The smoke clears, and there’s pieces of the two guys around the crater. And there’s this guy over here, and he’s missing his right leg above his knee. He’s holding it, and he’s rolling around, and the blood is squirting out of his leg … It took him a long time to die. I just watched him.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Airman_First_Class" class="mw-redirect" title="Airman First Class">Airman First Class</a> <a href="/wiki/Brandon_Bryant_(whistleblower)" title="Brandon Bryant (whistleblower)">Brandon Bryant (whistleblower)</a> in GQ<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a></cite></div></blockquote> Back in the United States, a combination of "lower-class" status in the military, overwork, and psychological trauma may be taking a mental toll on drone pilots. These psychological, cultural and career issues appear to have led to a shortfall in USAF drone operators, which is seen as a "dead end job".<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stand-off_attacks">Stand-off attacks</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Unmanned_combat_aerial_vehicle&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Stand-off attacks">edit</a>]</div> The "unmanned" aspect of armed UAVs has raised moral concerns about their use in combat and law enforcement contexts. Attacking humans with remote-controlled machines is even more abstract than the use of other "stand-off" weaponry, such as missiles, artillery and aerial bombardment, possibly depersonalizing the decision to attack. By contrast, UAVs and other stand-off systems reduce casualties among the attackers.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Autonomous_attacks">Autonomous attacks</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Unmanned_combat_aerial_vehicle&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Autonomous attacks">edit</a>]</div> The picture is further complicated if the UAV can initiate an attack autonomously, without direct human involvement. Such UAVs could possibly react more quickly and without bias, but would lack human sensibility.<a href="#cite_note-Foust2013-89">[89]</a> Heather Roff[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] replies that <a href="/wiki/Lethal_autonomous_weapon" title="Lethal autonomous weapon">lethal autonomous robots</a> (LARs) may not be appropriate for complex conflicts and targeted populations would likely react angrily against them.<a href="#cite_note-Foust2013-89">[89]</a> <a href="/wiki/Will_McCants" title="Will McCants">Will McCants</a> argues that the public would be more outraged by machine failures than <a href="/wiki/Human_error" title="Human error">human error</a>, making LARs politically implausible.<a href="#cite_note-Foust2013-89">[89]</a> According to Mark Gubrud, claims that drones can be hacked are overblown and misleading and moreover, drones are more likely to be hacked if they're autonomous, because otherwise the human operator would take control: "Giving weapon systems autonomous capabilities is a good way to lose control of them, either due to a programming error, unanticipated circumstances, malfunction, or hack and then not be able to regain control short of blowing them up, hopefully before they've blown up too many other things and people."<a href="#cite_note-Gubrud2013-90">[90]</a> Others have argued that the technological possibility of autonomy should not obscure the continuing moral responsibilities humans have at every stage.<a href="#cite_note-Robillard2018-91">[91]</a> There is an ongoing debate as to whether the attribution of moral responsibility can be apportioned appropriately under existing international humanitarian law, which is based on four principles: military necessity, distinction between military and civilian objects, prohibition of unnecessary suffering, and proportionality.<a href="#cite_note-Kanwar2011-92">[92]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Public_opinion">Public opinion</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Unmanned_combat_aerial_vehicle&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Public opinion">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Public_opinion_about_U.S._drone_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="Public opinion about U.S. drone attacks">Public opinion about U.S. drone attacks</a></div> In 2013, a <a href="/wiki/Fairleigh_Dickinson_University" title="Fairleigh Dickinson University">Fairleigh Dickinson University</a> poll asked registered voters whether they "approve or disapprove of the U.S. military using drones to carry out attacks abroad on people and other targets deemed a threat to the U.S.?" The results showed that three in every four voters (75%) approved of the U.S. military using drones to carry out attacks, while (13%) disapproved.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> A poll conducted by the Huffington Post in 2013 also showed a majority supporting targeted killings using drones, though by a smaller margin.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> A 2015 poll showed Republicans and men are more likely to support U.S. drone strikes, while Democrats, independents, women, young people, and minorities are less supportive.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> Outside America, there is widespread opposition to US drone killings. A July 2014 report found a majority or plurality of respondents in 39 of 44 countries surveyed opposed U.S. drone strikes in countries such as Pakistan, Yemen, and Somalia. The U.S., Kenya, and Israel were the only countries where at least half the population supported drone strikes. Venezuela was found to be the most anti-drone country, where 92% of respondents disagreed with U.S. drone strikes, followed closely by Jordan, where 90% disagreed; Israel was shown as the most pro-drone, with 65% in favor of U.S. drone strikes and 27% opposed.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Users">Users</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Unmanned_combat_aerial_vehicle&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Users">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Unmanned_combat_aerial_vehicle" title="Special:EditPage/Unmanned combat aerial vehicle">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2020) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> Countries with known operational armed drones: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 36em;"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/21px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/42px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bayraktar_TB2" title="Bayraktar TB2">Bayraktar TB2</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> – <a href="/wiki/TAI_Anka" title="TAI Anka">TAI Anka</a>,<a href="#cite_note-auto2-99">[99]</a> <a href="/wiki/TAI_Aksungur" title="TAI Aksungur">TAI Aksungur</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bayraktar_TB2" title="Bayraktar TB2">Bayraktar TB2</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bayraktar_TB2" title="Bayraktar TB2">Bayraktar TB2</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/23px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/35px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/45px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bayraktar_TB2" title="Bayraktar TB2">Bayraktar TB2</a><a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hongdu_GJ-11" title="Hongdu GJ-11">GJ-11</a>, <a href="/wiki/CAIG_Wing_Loong" title="CAIG Wing Loong">CAIG Wing Loong I</a>, <a href="/wiki/CAIG_Wing_Loong" title="CAIG Wing Loong">CAIG Loong II</a>, <a href="/wiki/CAIG_Wing_Loong" title="CAIG Wing Loong">CAIG Wing Loong III</a>, <a href="/wiki/CASC_Rainbow#CH-4" title="CASC Rainbow">CH-4</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tengden_TB-001" title="Tengden TB-001">TB-001</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chengdu_WZ-10" title="Chengdu WZ-10">WZ-10</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a> – <a href="/wiki/TAI_Anka" title="TAI Anka">TAI Anka</a><a href="#cite_note-auto2-99">[99]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/23px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/35px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/45px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bayraktar_TB2" title="Bayraktar TB2">Bayraktar TB2</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> – <a href="/wiki/CAIG_Wing_Loong" title="CAIG Wing Loong">CAIG Wing Loong</a>,<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> <a href="/wiki/CASC_Rainbow" title="CASC Rainbow">CH-4 Rainbow</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bayraktar_TB2" title="Bayraktar TB2">Bayraktar TB2</a>, <a href="/wiki/CAIG_Wing_Loong" title="CAIG Wing Loong">CAIG Wing Loong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mohajer-6" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohajer-6">Mohajer-6</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> – <a href="/wiki/General_Atomics_MQ-9_Reaper" title="General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper">MQ-9 Reaper</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> – <a href="/wiki/IAI_Eitan" title="IAI Eitan">IAI Eitan</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> – <a href="/wiki/CASC_Rainbow" title="CASC Rainbow">CH-4 Rainbow</a>, <a href="/wiki/TAI_Anka" title="TAI Anka">TAI Anka</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> – <a href="/wiki/CASC_Rainbow" title="CASC Rainbow">CH-4 Rainbow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mohajer-4" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohajer-4">Mohajer-4</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mohajer-6" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohajer-6">Mohajer-6</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ababil-3" class="mw-redirect" title="Ababil-3">Ababil-3</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /> <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hamaseh" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamaseh">Hamaseh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saegheh_(UAV)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saegheh (UAV)">Saegheh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaman-12_(UAV)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaman-12 (UAV)">Kaman-12</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaman_22_(UAV)" title="Kaman 22 (UAV)">Kaman 22</a>, <a href="/wiki/IAIO_Fotros" title="IAIO Fotros">IAIO Fotros</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shahed_129" title="Shahed 129">Shahed 129</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meraj_(UAV)" title="Meraj (UAV)">Meraj</a>, <a href="/wiki/HESA_Ababil" title="HESA Ababil">HESA Ababil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mohajer-4" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohajer-4">Mohajer-4</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qods_Mohajer#Mohajer-6" title="Qods Mohajer">Mohajer-6</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mohajer-10" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohajer-10">Mohajer-10</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shahed_149_Gaza" title="Shahed 149 Gaza">Shahed 149 Gaza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shahed_Saegheh" title="Shahed Saegheh">Shahed Saegheh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shahed_171_Simorgh" title="Shahed 171 Simorgh">Shahed 171 Simorgh</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> – <a href="/wiki/Elbit_Hermes_450" title="Elbit Hermes 450">Elbit Hermes 450</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elbit_Hermes_900" title="Elbit Hermes 900">Elbit Hermes 900</a> (armed variant), <a href="/wiki/IAI_Eitan" title="IAI Eitan">IAI Eitan</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> – <a href="/wiki/MQ-1_Predator" class="mw-redirect" title="MQ-1 Predator">MQ-1 Predator</a>, <a href="/wiki/MQ-9_Reaper" class="mw-redirect" title="MQ-9 Reaper">MQ-9 Reaper</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> – <a href="/wiki/TAI_Anka" title="TAI Anka">TAI Anka</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/21px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/32px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/42px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bayraktar_TB2" title="Bayraktar TB2">Bayraktar TB2</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a> – <a href="/wiki/TAI_Anka" title="TAI Anka">TAI Anka</a>, <a href="/wiki/TAI_Aksungur" title="TAI Aksungur">TAI Aksungur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bayraktar_TB2" title="Bayraktar TB2">Bayraktar TB2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bayraktar_Ak%C4%B1nc%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Bayraktar Akıncı">Bayraktar Akıncı</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/46px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /> <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bayraktar_TB2" title="Bayraktar TB2">Bayraktar TB2</a> (used by <a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Accord" title="Government of National Accord">GNA</a>) / <a href="/wiki/CAIG_Wing_Loong_II" title="CAIG Wing Loong II">CAIG Wing Loong II</a> (used by <a href="/wiki/Libyan_National_Army" title="Libyan National Army">LNA</a>)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> – <a href="/wiki/TAI_Anka" title="TAI Anka">TAI Anka</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bayraktar_TB2" title="Bayraktar TB2">Bayraktar TB2</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> – <a href="/wiki/General_Atomics_MQ-9_Reaper" title="General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper">MQ-9 Reaper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bayraktar_TB2" title="Bayraktar TB2">Bayraktar TB2</a>, <a href="/wiki/CAIG_Wing_Loong" title="CAIG Wing Loong">CAIG Wing Loong</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/45px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> – <a href="/wiki/CASC_Rainbow" title="CASC Rainbow">CH-3A Rainbow</a>,<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> <a href="/wiki/CASC_Rainbow" title="CASC Rainbow">CH-4 Rainbow</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> – <a href="/wiki/General_Atomics_MQ-9_Reaper" title="General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper">MQ-9 Reaper</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/18px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/27px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/35px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bayraktar_TB2" title="Bayraktar TB2">Bayraktar TB2</a><a href="#cite_note-auto1-120">[120]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a> – <a href="/wiki/Asisguard_Songar" title="Asisguard Songar">Asisguard Songar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bayraktar_TB2" title="Bayraktar TB2">Bayraktar TB2</a>, <a href="/wiki/CAIG_Wing_Loong" title="CAIG Wing Loong">CAIG Wing Loong</a>, <a href="/wiki/CASC_Rainbow" title="CASC Rainbow">CASC Rainbow</a>, Yabhon Flash-20<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> – <a href="/wiki/NESCOM_Burraq" title="NESCOM Burraq">NESCOM Burraq</a>, <a href="/wiki/GIDS_Shahpar-2" class="mw-redirect" title="GIDS Shahpar-2">GIDS Shahpar-2</a>, <a href="/wiki/CAIG_Wing_Loong_II" title="CAIG Wing Loong II">CAIG Wing Loong II</a>, <a href="/wiki/CASC_Rainbow" title="CASC Rainbow">CH-4 Rainbow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bayraktar_TB2" title="Bayraktar TB2">Bayraktar TB2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bayraktar_Ak%C4%B1nc%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Bayraktar Akıncı">Bayraktar Akıncı</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bayraktar_TB2" title="Bayraktar TB2">Bayraktar TB2</a><a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/46px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="550" /> <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bayraktar_TB2" title="Bayraktar TB2">Bayraktar TB2</a><a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bayraktar_TB2" title="Bayraktar TB2">Bayraktar TB2</a><a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kronshtadt_Orion" title="Kronshtadt Orion">Kronshtadt Orion</a>, <a href="/wiki/IAI_Searcher#Forpost-R" title="IAI Searcher">Forpost-R</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shahed_129" title="Shahed 129">Shahed 129</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mohajer-6" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohajer-6">Mohajer-6</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bayraktar_TB2" title="Bayraktar TB2">Bayraktar TB2</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> – <a href="/wiki/CAIG_Wing_Loong" title="CAIG Wing Loong">CAIG Wing Loong</a>,<a href="#cite_note-JanesKazakhstan-126">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-ForeignPolicy-127">[127]</a> <a href="/wiki/Vestel_Karayel" title="Vestel Karayel">Vestel Karayel</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /> <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> – <a href="/wiki/CAIG_Wing_Loong" title="CAIG Wing Loong">CAIG Wing Loong</a>, <a href="/wiki/CASC_Rainbow#CH-92" title="CASC Rainbow">CH-92A</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> – <a href="/wiki/Milkor_380" title="Milkor 380">Milkor 380</a><a href="#cite_note-Military_Africa-130">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-DefenceWeb-131">[131]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> – <a href="/wiki/General_Atomics_MQ-9_Reaper" title="General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper">MQ-9 Reaper</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> – <a href="/wiki/Qods_Mohajer-6" title="Qods Mohajer-6">Mohajer-6</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ababil-3" class="mw-redirect" title="Ababil-3">Ababil-3</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> – <a href="/wiki/Qods_Mohajer-6" title="Qods Mohajer-6">Mohajer-6</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mohajer-4" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohajer-4">Mohajer-4</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ababil-3" class="mw-redirect" title="Ababil-3">Ababil-3</a>, <a href="/wiki/HESA_Ababil" title="HESA Ababil">Ababil-2</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>- <a href="/wiki/NCSIST_Teng_Yun" title="NCSIST Teng Yun">NCSIST Teng Yun</a>, <a href="/wiki/General_Atomics_MQ-9_Reaper" title="General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper">MQ-9 Reaper</a> (on order)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a>- <a href="/wiki/Ababil-2" class="mw-redirect" title="Ababil-2">Ababil-2</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohajer-2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mohajer-2 (page does not exist)">Mohajer-2</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bayraktar_TB2" title="Bayraktar TB2">Bayraktar TB2</a><a href="#cite_note-auto1-120">[120]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a> – <a href="/wiki/TAI_Anka" title="TAI Anka">TAI Anka</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> – <a href="/wiki/TAI_Anka" title="TAI Anka">TAI Anka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bayraktar_TB2" title="Bayraktar TB2">Bayraktar TB2</a>,<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> <a href="/wiki/Vestel_Karayel" title="Vestel Karayel">Vestel Karayel</a>,<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> <a href="/wiki/TAI_Aksungur" title="TAI Aksungur">TAI Aksungur</a>,<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bayraktar_Ak%C4%B1nc%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Bayraktar Akıncı">Bayraktar Akıncı</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bayraktar_TB2" title="Bayraktar TB2">Bayraktar TB2</a>, <a href="/wiki/CASC_Rainbow" title="CASC Rainbow">CASC Rainbow</a>, <a href="/wiki/CASIC_WJ" title="CASIC WJ">CASIC WJ</a>, Busel MB1, Busel MB2, Skystriker<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bayraktar_TB2" title="Bayraktar TB2">Bayraktar TB2</a>,<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> <a href="/wiki/R18_(drone)" class="mw-redirect" title="R18 (drone)">R18</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bayraktar_TB2" title="Bayraktar TB2">Bayraktar TB2</a>,<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> <a href="/wiki/CAIG_Wing_Loong_II" title="CAIG Wing Loong II">CAIG Wing Loong II</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> – <a href="/wiki/General_Atomics_MQ-9_Reaper" title="General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper">MQ-9 Reaper/Protector RG1</a><a href="#cite_note-TheGuardian-143">[143]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> – <a href="/wiki/General_Atomics_MQ-1_Predator" title="General Atomics MQ-1 Predator">MQ-1 Predator</a>, <a href="/wiki/General_Atomics_MQ-1C_Gray_Eagle" title="General Atomics MQ-1C Gray Eagle">MQ-1C Gray Eagle</a>, <a href="/wiki/General_Atomics_MQ-9_Reaper" title="General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper">MQ-9 Reaper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boeing_MQ-25_Stingray" title="Boeing MQ-25 Stingray">Boeing MQ-25 Stingray</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/23px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/35px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/45px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>- <a href="/wiki/Mohajer-6" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohajer-6">Mohajer-6</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohajer-2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mohajer-2 (page does not exist)">Mohajer-2</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /> <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> – <a href="/wiki/Elbit_Hermes_450" title="Elbit Hermes 450">Elbit Hermes 450</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elbit_Hermes_900" title="Elbit Hermes 900">Elbit Hermes 900</a><a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Unmanned_combat_aerial_vehicle&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Aviacionavion.png/28px-Aviacionavion.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Aviacionavion.png/42px-Aviacionavion.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Aviacionavion.png/56px-Aviacionavion.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1600" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Aviation" title="Portal:Aviation">Aviation portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Loyal_wingman" title="Loyal wingman">Loyal wingman</a> using AI</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drone_carrier" title="Drone carrier">Drone carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civilian_casualties_from_US_drone_strikes" class="mw-redirect" title="Civilian casualties from US drone strikes">Civilian casualties from US drone strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles" title="History of unmanned aerial vehicles">History of unmanned aerial vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_unmanned_combat_aerial_vehicles" title="History of unmanned combat aerial vehicles">History of unmanned combat aerial vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles" title="List of unmanned aerial vehicles">List of unmanned aerial vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UAVs_in_the_U.S._military" class="mw-redirect" title="UAVs in the U.S. military">UAVs in the U.S. military</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Unmanned_combat_aerial_vehicle&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Horowitz M, Schwartz JA, Fuhrmann M. 2020. "<a href="//doi.org/10.1177/0738894220966572" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1177/0738894220966572">Who’s prone to drone? A global time-series analysis of armed uninhabited aerial vehicle proliferation.</a>" Conflict Management and Peace Science.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Unmanned_combat_aerial_vehicle&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAustin2010" class="citation book cs1">Austin, Reg (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Unmanned+Aircraft+Systems%3A+UAVS+Design%2C+Development+and+Deployment-p-9780470058190">Unmanned aircraft systems : UAVs design, development and deployment</a>. Chichester: Wiley. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-470-05819-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-470-05819-0"><bdi>978-0-470-05819-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Unmanned+aircraft+systems+%3A+UAVs+design%2C+development+and+deployment&rft.place=Chichester&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-470-05819-0&rft.aulast=Austin&rft.aufirst=Reg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wiley.com%2Fen-us%2FUnmanned%2BAircraft%2BSystems%253A%2BUAVS%2BDesign%252C%2BDevelopment%2Band%2BDeployment-p-9780470058190&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnmanned+combat+aerial+vehicle" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thebulletin.org/drone-warfare-death-precision10766?platform=hootsuite">"Drone warfare: The death of precision"</a>. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. 2017-05-11. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171011191041/http://thebulletin.org/drone-warfare-death-precision10766?platform=hootsuite">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-10-11. Retrieved 2017-07-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+Atomic+Scientists&rft.atitle=Drone+warfare%3A+The+death+of+precision&rft.date=2017-05-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthebulletin.org%2Fdrone-warfare-death-precision10766%3Fplatform%3Dhootsuite&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnmanned+combat+aerial+vehicle" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKennedyRogers2015" class="citation journal cs1">Kennedy, Caroline; Rogers, James I. (2015-02-17). "Virtuous drones?". The International Journal of Human Rights. 19 (2): 211–227. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13642987.2014.991217">10.1080/13642987.2014.991217</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1364-2987">1364-2987</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:219639786">219639786</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+International+Journal+of+Human+Rights&rft.atitle=Virtuous+drones%3F&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=211-227&rft.date=2015-02-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A219639786%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1364-2987&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F13642987.2014.991217&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=Caroline&rft.au=Rogers%2C+James+I.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnmanned+combat+aerial+vehicle" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icas.org/ICAS_ARCHIVE/ICAS2008/PAPERS/281.PDF">"The Simulation of the Human-Machine Partnership in UCAV Operation"</a> (PDF). College of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170805043641/http://www.icas.org/ICAS_ARCHIVE/ICAS2008/PAPERS/281.PDF">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 2017-08-05. Retrieved 7 February 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Simulation+of+the+Human-Machine+Partnership+in+UCAV+Operation&rft.pub=College+of+Aeronautics%2C+Northwestern+Polytechnical+University%2C+Xi%27an+710072%2C+China&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icas.org%2FICAS_ARCHIVE%2FICAS2008%2FPAPERS%2F281.PDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnmanned+combat+aerial+vehicle" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDowd" class="citation web cs1">Dowd, Alan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://go.galegroup.com/ps/retrieve.do?sgHitCountType=None&sort=DA-SORT&inPS=true&prodId=AONE&userGroupName=jcl_jcccu&tabID=T002&searchId=R3&resultListType=RESULT_LIST&contentSegment=&searchType=BasicSearchForm&currentPosition=12&contentSet=GALE%7CA335069990&&docId=GALE%7CA335069990&docType=GALE&role=">"Drone wars: risks and warnings"</a>. Retrieved 4 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Drone+wars%3A+risks+and+warnings&rft.aulast=Dowd&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgo.galegroup.com%2Fps%2Fretrieve.do%3FsgHitCountType%3DNone%26sort%3DDA-SORT%26inPS%3Dtrue%26prodId%3DAONE%26userGroupName%3Djcl_jcccu%26tabID%3DT002%26searchId%3DR3%26resultListType%3DRESULT_LIST%26contentSegment%3D%26searchType%3DBasicSearchForm%26currentPosition%3D12%26contentSet%3DGALE%257CA335069990%26%26docId%3DGALE%257CA335069990%26docType%3DGALE%26role%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnmanned+combat+aerial+vehicle" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> The number of countries that are manufacturing armed drones varies by source. See for example: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInternational_Institute_for_Strategic_Studies_(IISS)2018" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/International_Institute_for_Strategic_Studies" title="International Institute for Strategic Studies">International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS)</a> (14 February 2018). "The Military Balance 2018". The Military Balance. 118. Routledge: 21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Military+Balance&rft.atitle=The+Military+Balance+2018&rft.volume=118&rft.pages=21&rft.date=2018-02-14&rft.au=International+Institute+for+Strategic+Studies+%28IISS%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnmanned+combat+aerial+vehicle" class="Z3988">, listing the United States, Israel, China, Turkey, and Iran</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_BergenDavid_StermanAlyssa_SimsAlbert_Ford" class="citation web cs1">Peter Bergen; David Sterman; Alyssa Sims; Albert Ford; Christopher Mellon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newamerica.org/in-depth/world-of-drones/4-who-has-what-countries-developing-armed-drones/">"Who Has What: Countries Developing Armed Drones"</a>. International Security Program. New America. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180417155848/https://www.newamerica.org/in-depth/world-of-drones/4-who-has-what-countries-developing-armed-drones/">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-04-17. Retrieved 2018-11-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Who+Has+What%3A+Countries+Developing+Armed+Drones&rft.series=International+Security+Program&rft.pub=New+America&rft.au=Peter+Bergen&rft.au=David+Sterman&rft.au=Alyssa+Sims&rft.au=Albert+Ford&rft.au=Christopher+Mellon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newamerica.org%2Fin-depth%2Fworld-of-drones%2F4-who-has-what-countries-developing-armed-drones%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnmanned+combat+aerial+vehicle" class="Z3988">, listing the United States, Sweden, South Africa, France, Spain, Italy, Greece, Switzerland, the UK, Russia, Ukraine, Turkey, Georgia, Israel, Jordan, Iran, the UAE, Saudi Arabia, India, Pakistan, North Korea, South Korea, China, Taiwan and Australia</li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=19kDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA805">"Robot Television Bomber"</a> Popular Mechanics June 1940 </li> <li id="cite_note-kaplan-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kaplan_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-kaplan_8-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-kaplan_8-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFred_Kaplan2013" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Fred_Kaplan_(journalist)" title="Fred Kaplan (journalist)">Fred Kaplan</a> (June 7, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.technologyreview.com/featuredstory/515806/the-world-as-free-fire-zone/">"The World as Free-Fire Zone"</a>. <a href="/wiki/MIT_Technology_Review" title="MIT Technology Review">MIT Technology Review</a>. 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title="Unmanned aerial vehicle">Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Unmanned combat air vehicle (UCAV)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aerobot" title="Aerobot">Aerobot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helicam" title="Helicam">Helicam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicle_applications" title="List of unmanned aerial vehicle applications">List of unmanned aerial vehicle applications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ornithopter" title="Ornithopter">Ornithopter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Ground</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Legged_robot" title="Legged robot">Walking</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Humanoid_robot" title="Humanoid robot">Humanoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Android_(robot)" title="Android (robot)">Android</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexapod_(robotics)" title="Hexapod (robotics)">Hexapod</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hexapod_robots" title="List of hexapod robots">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unmanned_ground_vehicle" title="Unmanned ground vehicle">Unmanned ground vehicle (UGV)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automated_guided_vehicle" title="Automated guided vehicle">Automated guided vehicle (AGV)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-driving_car" title="Self-driving car">Self-driving car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automatic_train_operation" title="Automatic train operation">Automatic train operation (ATO)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automated_train_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="List of automated train systems">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Underwater</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unmanned_underwater_vehicle" title="Unmanned underwater vehicle">Unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_underwater_vehicle" title="Autonomous underwater vehicle">Autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intervention_AUV" title="Intervention AUV">Intervention AUV (I-AUV)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remotely_operated_underwater_vehicle" title="Remotely operated underwater vehicle">Remotely operated underwater vehicle (ROUV)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_glider" title="Underwater glider">Underwater glider</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Surface</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unmanned_surface_vehicle" title="Unmanned surface vehicle">Unmanned surface vehicle (USV)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Space</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uncrewed_spacecraft" title="Uncrewed spacecraft">Uncrewed spacecraft</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Solar_System_probes" title="List of Solar System probes">list of probes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_uncrewed_spacecraft_by_program" 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robot">Domestic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_robot" title="Military robot">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rescue_robot" title="Rescue robot">Rescue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_robot" title="Medical robot">Medical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_robot" class="mw-redirect" title="Disability robot">Disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_robot" title="Agricultural robot">Agricultural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BEAM_robotics" title="BEAM robotics">BEAM robotics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microbotics" title="Microbotics">Microbotics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanorobotics" title="Nanorobotics">Nanorobotics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robotics" title="Robotics">Robotics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robot_locomotion" title="Robot locomotion">Robot locomotion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_robot" title="Autonomous robot">Autonomous robot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_logistics" title="Autonomous logistics">Autonomous 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