CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs skin-theme-clientpref-day mf-expand-sections-clientpref-0 mf-font-size-clientpref-small mw-mf-amc-clientpref-0" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Physician assistant - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js skin-theme-clientpref-day mf-expand-sections-clientpref-0 mf-font-size-clientpref-small mw-mf-amc-clientpref-0";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"04b8a96b-baf3-41bb-8ed4-8d48c130c5fa","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Physician_assistant","wgTitle":"Physician assistant","wgCurRevisionId":1274312553,"wgRevisionId":1274312553,"wgArticleId": 478859,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Physician_assistant","wgRelevantArticleId":478859,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFMode":"stable","wgMFAmc":false,"wgMFAmcOutreachActive":false,"wgMFAmcOutreachUserEligible":false,"wgMFLazyLoadImages":true,"wgMFEditNoticesFeatureConflict":false,"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgMFIsSupportedEditRequest":true,"wgMFScriptPath":"", "wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":70000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgSectionTranslationMissingLanguages":[{"lang":"ace","autonym":"Acèh","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ady","autonym":"адыгабзэ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"alt","autonym":"алтай тил","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"am","autonym":"አማርኛ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ami","autonym":"Pangcah","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"an","autonym":"aragonés","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ang","autonym":"Ænglisc","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ann","autonym":"Obolo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"anp","autonym":"अंगिका","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ary","autonym":"الدارجة","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"arz","autonym":"مصرى","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"as","autonym":"অসমীয়া","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ast","autonym":"asturianu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"av","autonym":"авар","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"avk","autonym":"Kotava","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"awa","autonym":"अवधी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ay","autonym":"Aymar aru","dir": "ltr"},{"lang":"az","autonym":"azərbaycanca","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"azb","autonym":"تۆرکجه","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"ba","autonym":"башҡортса","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ban","autonym":"Basa Bali","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bar","autonym":"Boarisch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bbc","autonym":"Batak Toba","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bcl","autonym":"Bikol Central","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bdr","autonym":"Bajau Sama","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"be","autonym":"беларуская","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bew","autonym":"Betawi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bg","autonym":"български","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bho","autonym":"भोजपुरी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bi","autonym":"Bislama","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bjn","autonym":"Banjar","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"blk","autonym":"ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bm","autonym":"bamanankan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bn","autonym":"বাংলা","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bo","autonym":"བོད་ཡིག","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bpy","autonym": "বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"br","autonym":"brezhoneg","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bs","autonym":"bosanski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"btm","autonym":"Batak Mandailing","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bug","autonym":"Basa Ugi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ca","autonym":"català","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cdo","autonym":"閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ce","autonym":"нохчийн","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ceb","autonym":"Cebuano","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ch","autonym":"Chamoru","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"chr","autonym":"ᏣᎳᎩ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ckb","autonym":"کوردی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"co","autonym":"corsu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cr","autonym":"Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"crh","autonym":"qırımtatarca","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cs","autonym":"čeština","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cu","autonym":"словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cy","autonym":"Cymraeg","dir":"ltr"}, {"lang":"da","autonym":"dansk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dag","autonym":"dagbanli","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dga","autonym":"Dagaare","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"din","autonym":"Thuɔŋjäŋ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"diq","autonym":"Zazaki","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dsb","autonym":"dolnoserbski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dtp","autonym":"Kadazandusun","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dv","autonym":"ދިވެހިބަސް","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"dz","autonym":"ཇོང་ཁ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ee","autonym":"eʋegbe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"el","autonym":"Ελληνικά","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"eml","autonym":"emiliàn e rumagnòl","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"eo","autonym":"Esperanto","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"et","autonym":"eesti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"eu","autonym":"euskara","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fa","autonym":"فارسی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"fat","autonym":"mfantse","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ff","autonym":"Fulfulde","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fi","autonym":"suomi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fj","autonym":"Na Vosa Vakaviti","dir":"ltr"},{ "lang":"fo","autonym":"føroyskt","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fon","autonym":"fɔ̀ngbè","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fr","autonym":"français","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"frp","autonym":"arpetan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"frr","autonym":"Nordfriisk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fur","autonym":"furlan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fy","autonym":"Frysk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gag","autonym":"Gagauz","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gan","autonym":"贛語","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gcr","autonym":"kriyòl gwiyannen","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gl","autonym":"galego","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"glk","autonym":"گیلکی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"gn","autonym":"Avañe'ẽ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gom","autonym":"गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gor","autonym":"Bahasa Hulontalo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gpe","autonym":"Ghanaian Pidgin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gu","autonym":"ગુજરાતી","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"guc","autonym":"wayuunaiki","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gur","autonym":"farefare","dir":"ltr"},{"lang": "guw","autonym":"gungbe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gv","autonym":"Gaelg","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ha","autonym":"Hausa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hak","autonym":"客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"haw","autonym":"Hawaiʻi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"he","autonym":"עברית","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"hi","autonym":"हिन्दी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hif","autonym":"Fiji Hindi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hr","autonym":"hrvatski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hsb","autonym":"hornjoserbsce","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ht","autonym":"Kreyòl ayisyen","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hu","autonym":"magyar","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hy","autonym":"հայերեն","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hyw","autonym":"Արեւմտահայերէն","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ia","autonym":"interlingua","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"iba","autonym":"Jaku Iban","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ie","autonym":"Interlingue","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ig","autonym":"Igbo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"igl","autonym":"Igala","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ilo","autonym":"Ilokano","dir":"ltr"},{ "lang":"io","autonym":"Ido","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"is","autonym":"íslenska","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"it","autonym":"italiano","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"iu","autonym":"ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ja","autonym":"日本語","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"jam","autonym":"Patois","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"jv","autonym":"Jawa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ka","autonym":"ქართული","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kaa","autonym":"Qaraqalpaqsha","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kab","autonym":"Taqbaylit","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kbd","autonym":"адыгэбзэ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kbp","autonym":"Kabɩyɛ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kcg","autonym":"Tyap","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kg","autonym":"Kongo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kge","autonym":"Kumoring","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ki","autonym":"Gĩkũyũ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kk","autonym":"қазақша","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kl","autonym":"kalaallisut","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"km","autonym":"ភាសាខ្មែរ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kn","autonym": "ಕನ್ನಡ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"knc","autonym":"Yerwa Kanuri","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"koi","autonym":"перем коми","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"krc","autonym":"къарачай-малкъар","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ks","autonym":"कॉशुर / کٲشُر","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"ku","autonym":"kurdî","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kus","autonym":"Kʋsaal","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kv","autonym":"коми","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kw","autonym":"kernowek","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ky","autonym":"кыргызча","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lad","autonym":"Ladino","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lb","autonym":"Lëtzebuergesch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lez","autonym":"лезги","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lg","autonym":"Luganda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"li","autonym":"Limburgs","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lij","autonym":"Ligure","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lld","autonym":"Ladin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lmo","autonym":"lombard","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ln","autonym":"lingála","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lo","autonym":"ລາວ","dir":"ltr"},{ "lang":"lt","autonym":"lietuvių","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ltg","autonym":"latgaļu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lv","autonym":"latviešu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mad","autonym":"Madhurâ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mai","autonym":"मैथिली","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"map-bms","autonym":"Basa Banyumasan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mdf","autonym":"мокшень","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mg","autonym":"Malagasy","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mhr","autonym":"олык марий","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mi","autonym":"Māori","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"min","autonym":"Minangkabau","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mk","autonym":"македонски","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ml","autonym":"മലയാളം","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mn","autonym":"монгол","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mni","autonym":"ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mnw","autonym":"ဘာသာမန်","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mos","autonym":"moore","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mr","autonym":"मराठी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mrj","autonym":"кырык мары", "dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ms","autonym":"Bahasa Melayu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mt","autonym":"Malti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mwl","autonym":"Mirandés","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"my","autonym":"မြန်မာဘာသာ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"myv","autonym":"эрзянь","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mzn","autonym":"مازِرونی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"nah","autonym":"Nāhuatl","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nan","autonym":"閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nap","autonym":"Napulitano","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nb","autonym":"norsk bokmål","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nds","autonym":"Plattdüütsch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nds-nl","autonym":"Nedersaksies","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ne","autonym":"नेपाली","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"new","autonym":"नेपाल भाषा","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nia","autonym":"Li Niha","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nn","autonym":"norsk nynorsk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nqo","autonym":"ߒߞߏ","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"nr","autonym":"isiNdebele seSewula","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nso" ,"autonym":"Sesotho sa Leboa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ny","autonym":"Chi-Chewa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"oc","autonym":"occitan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"om","autonym":"Oromoo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"or","autonym":"ଓଡ଼ିଆ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"os","autonym":"ирон","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pa","autonym":"ਪੰਜਾਬੀ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pag","autonym":"Pangasinan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pam","autonym":"Kapampangan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pap","autonym":"Papiamentu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pcd","autonym":"Picard","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pcm","autonym":"Naijá","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pdc","autonym":"Deitsch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pms","autonym":"Piemontèis","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pnb","autonym":"پنجابی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"ps","autonym":"پښتو","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"pt","autonym":"português","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pwn","autonym":"pinayuanan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"qu","autonym":"Runa Simi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rm","autonym":"rumantsch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rn","autonym": "ikirundi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ro","autonym":"română","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rsk","autonym":"руски","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rue","autonym":"русиньскый","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rup","autonym":"armãneashti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rw","autonym":"Ikinyarwanda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sa","autonym":"संस्कृतम्","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sah","autonym":"саха тыла","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sat","autonym":"ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sc","autonym":"sardu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"scn","autonym":"sicilianu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sco","autonym":"Scots","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sd","autonym":"سنڌي","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"se","autonym":"davvisámegiella","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sg","autonym":"Sängö","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sgs","autonym":"žemaitėška","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sh","autonym":"srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"shi","autonym":"Taclḥit","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"shn","autonym":"ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး ","dir" :"ltr"},{"lang":"si","autonym":"සිංහල","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sk","autonym":"slovenčina","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"skr","autonym":"سرائیکی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"sl","autonym":"slovenščina","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sm","autonym":"Gagana Samoa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"smn","autonym":"anarâškielâ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sn","autonym":"chiShona","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"so","autonym":"Soomaaliga","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sq","autonym":"shqip","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sr","autonym":"српски / srpski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"srn","autonym":"Sranantongo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ss","autonym":"SiSwati","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"st","autonym":"Sesotho","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"stq","autonym":"Seeltersk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"su","autonym":"Sunda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sw","autonym":"Kiswahili","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"szl","autonym":"ślůnski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ta","autonym":"தமிழ்","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tay","autonym":"Tayal","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tcy","autonym":"ತುಳು","dir": "ltr"},{"lang":"tdd","autonym":"ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"te","autonym":"తెలుగు","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tet","autonym":"tetun","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tg","autonym":"тоҷикӣ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"th","autonym":"ไทย","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ti","autonym":"ትግርኛ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tig","autonym":"ትግሬ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tk","autonym":"Türkmençe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tl","autonym":"Tagalog","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tly","autonym":"tolışi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tn","autonym":"Setswana","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"to","autonym":"lea faka-Tonga","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tpi","autonym":"Tok Pisin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tr","autonym":"Türkçe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"trv","autonym":"Seediq","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ts","autonym":"Xitsonga","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tt","autonym":"татарча / tatarça","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tum","autonym":"chiTumbuka","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tw","autonym":"Twi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ty","autonym": "reo tahiti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tyv","autonym":"тыва дыл","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"udm","autonym":"удмурт","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ur","autonym":"اردو","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"uz","autonym":"oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ve","autonym":"Tshivenda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vec","autonym":"vèneto","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vep","autonym":"vepsän kel’","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vi","autonym":"Tiếng Việt","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vls","autonym":"West-Vlams","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vo","autonym":"Volapük","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vro","autonym":"võro","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"wa","autonym":"walon","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"war","autonym":"Winaray","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"wo","autonym":"Wolof","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"wuu","autonym":"吴语","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"xal","autonym":"хальмг","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"xh","autonym":"isiXhosa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"xmf","autonym":"მარგალური","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"yi","autonym":"ייִדיש","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"yo" ,"autonym":"Yorùbá","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"yue","autonym":"粵語","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"za","autonym":"Vahcuengh","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"zgh","autonym":"ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"zh","autonym":"中文","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"zu","autonym":"isiZulu","dir":"ltr"}],"wgSectionTranslationTargetLanguages":["ace","ady","alt","am","ami","an","ang","ann","anp","ar","ary","arz","as","ast","av","avk","awa","ay","az","azb","ba","ban","bar","bbc","bcl","bdr","be","bew","bg","bho","bi","bjn","blk","bm","bn","bo","bpy","br","bs","btm","bug","ca","cdo","ce","ceb","ch","chr","ckb","co","cr","crh","cs","cu","cy","da","dag","de","dga","din","diq","dsb","dtp","dv","dz","ee","el","eml","eo","es","et","eu","fa","fat","ff","fi","fj","fo","fon","fr","frp","frr","fur","fy","gag","gan","gcr","gl","glk","gn","gom","gor","gpe","gu","guc","gur","guw","gv","ha","hak","haw","he","hi","hif","hr","hsb","ht","hu","hy","hyw","ia","iba","ie","ig","igl","ilo","io","is","it", "iu","ja","jam","jv","ka","kaa","kab","kbd","kbp","kcg","kg","kge","ki","kk","kl","km","kn","knc","ko","koi","krc","ks","ku","kus","kv","kw","ky","lad","lb","lez","lg","li","lij","lld","lmo","ln","lo","lt","ltg","lv","mad","mai","map-bms","mdf","mg","mhr","mi","min","mk","ml","mn","mni","mnw","mos","mr","mrj","ms","mt","mwl","my","myv","mzn","nah","nan","nap","nb","nds","nds-nl","ne","new","nia","nl","nn","nqo","nr","nso","ny","oc","om","or","os","pa","pag","pam","pap","pcd","pcm","pdc","pl","pms","pnb","ps","pt","pwn","qu","rm","rn","ro","rsk","rue","rup","rw","sa","sah","sat","sc","scn","sco","sd","se","sg","sgs","sh","shi","shn","si","sk","skr","sl","sm","smn","sn","so","sq","sr","srn","ss","st","stq","su","sv","sw","szl","ta","tay","tcy","tdd","te","tet","tg","th","ti","tig","tk","tl","tly","tn","to","tpi","tr","trv","ts","tt","tum","tw","ty","tyv","udm","ur","uz","ve","vec","vep","vi","vls","vo","vro","wa","war","wo","wuu","xal","xh","xmf","yi","yo","yue","za","zgh","zh","zu"], "isLanguageSearcherCXEntrypointEnabled":true,"mintEntrypointLanguages":["ace","ast","azb","bcl","bjn","bh","crh","ff","fon","ig","is","ki","ks","lmo","min","sat","ss","tn","vec"],"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q718927","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false,"wgMinervaPermissions":{"watchable":true,"watch":false},"wgMinervaFeatures":{"beta":false,"donate":true,"mobileOptionsLink":true,"categories":false,"pageIssues":true,"talkAtTop":true,"historyInPageActions":false,"overflowSubmenu":false,"tabsOnSpecials":true,"personalMenu":false,"mainMenuExpanded":false,"echo":true,"nightMode":true},"wgMinervaDownloadNamespaces":[0]};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready", "ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.content.styles.images":"ready","mediawiki.hlist":"ready","skins.minerva.codex.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.icons":"ready","jquery.tablesorter.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.amc.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","mobile.init.styles":"ready","ext.relatedArticles.styles":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.tablesorter","skins.minerva.scripts","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","ext.popups","mobile.init","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.relatedArticles.readMore.bootstrap","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns", "ext.cx.entrypoints.mffrequentlanguages","ext.cx.entrypoints.languagesearcher.init","mw.externalguidance.init","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.relatedArticles.styles%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cmediawiki.hlist%7Cmobile.init.styles%7Cskins.minerva.amc.styles%7Cskins.minerva.codex.styles%7Cskins.minerva.content.styles.images%7Cskins.minerva.icons%2Cstyles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=minerva"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=minerva"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=minerva"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.16"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#eaecf0"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=yes, minimum-scale=0.25, maximum-scale=5.0"> <meta property="og:title" content="Physician assistant - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="manifest" href="/w/api.php?action=webapp-manifest"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Physician_assistant&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physician_assistant"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Physician_assistant rootpage-Physician_assistant stable issues-group-B skin-minerva action-view skin--responsive mw-mf-amc-disabled mw-mf"><div id="mw-mf-viewport"> <div id="mw-mf-page-center"> <a class="mw-mf-page-center__mask" href="#"></a> <header class="header-container header-chrome"> <div class="minerva-header"> <nav class="navigation-drawer toggle-list view-border-box"> <input type="checkbox" id="main-menu-input" class="toggle-list__checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="mw-mf-main-menu-button"> <label role="button" for="main-menu-input" id="mw-mf-main-menu-button" aria-hidden="true" data-event-name="ui.mainmenu" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet toggle-list__toggle"> </label> <div id="mw-mf-page-left" class="menu view-border-box"> <ul id="p-navigation" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--home" href="/wiki/Main_Page" data-mw="interface"> Home </a> </li> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--random" href="/wiki/Special:Random" data-mw="interface"> Random </a> </li> <li class="toggle-list-item skin-minerva-list-item-jsonly"> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--nearby" href="/wiki/Special:Nearby" data-event-name="menu.nearby" data-mw="interface"> Nearby </a> </li> </ul> <ul id="p-personal" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor mw-list-item menu__item--login" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Physician+assistant" data-event-name="menu.login" data-mw="interface"> Log in </a> </li> </ul> <ul id="pt-preferences" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item skin-minerva-list-item-jsonly"> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--settings" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:MobileOptions&returnto=Physician+assistant" data-event-name="menu.settings" data-mw="interface"> Settings </a> </li> </ul> <ul id="p-donation" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--donate" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en&wmf_key=minerva" data-event-name="menu.donate" data-mw="interface"> Donate </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="hlist"> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--about" href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" data-mw="interface"> About Wikipedia </a> </li> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--disclaimers" href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer" data-mw="interface"> Disclaimers </a> </li> </ul> </div> <label class="main-menu-mask" for="main-menu-input"></label> </nav> <div class="branding-box"> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </a> </div> <form action="/w/index.php" method="get" class="minerva-search-form"> <div class="search-box"> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"/> <input class="search skin-minerva-search-trigger" id="searchInput" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> </div> <button id="searchIcon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet skin-minerva-search-trigger"> Search </button> </form> <nav class="minerva-user-navigation" aria-label="User navigation"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Physician assistant</h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected mw-list-item"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Physician_assistant" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.main">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab mw-list-item"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:Physician_assistant" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> Language </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Physician+assistant" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> Watch </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="/w/index.php?title=Physician_assistant&action=edit" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> Edit </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Assistant_physician" title="Assistant physician">Assistant physician</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248332772">.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text{width:95%;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-content{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox{border:none;border-collapse:collapse;background-color:transparent;margin:0 0 0 1.6em!important;padding:0!important;width:auto;display:block}body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox.mbox-small-left{font-size:100%;width:auto;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text{padding:0!important;margin:0!important}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text-span{display:list-item;line-height:1.5em;list-style-type:disc}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-toggle,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-image,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-imageright,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-empty-cell,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .hide-when-compact{display:none}</style><table class="box-Multiple_issues plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><div class="multiple-issues-text mw-collapsible">This article has multiple issues. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Physician_assistant" title="Special:EditPage/Physician assistant">improve it</a> or discuss these issues on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Physician_assistant" title="Talk:Physician assistant">talk page</a>. (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove these messages</a>) <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Disputed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-disputed" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article's factual accuracy is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute">disputed</a>. Relevant discussion may be found on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Physician_assistant#Disputed" title="Talk:Physician assistant">talk page</a>. Please help to ensure that disputed statements are <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">reliably sourced</a>. (April 2023) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Globalize plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-globalize" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">The examples and perspective in this article deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Countering_systemic_bias" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias">worldwide view</a> of the subject. You may <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Physician_assistant&action=edit">improve this article</a>, discuss the issue on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Physician_assistant" title="Talk:Physician assistant">talk page</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_wizard" title="Wikipedia:Article wizard">create a new article</a>, as appropriate. (April 2023) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div> (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> A physician assistant or physician associate (PA) is a type of <a href="/wiki/Healthcare_professional" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare professional">healthcare professional</a>. While these job titles are used internationally, there is significant variation in training and scope of practice from country to country, and sometimes between smaller jurisdictions such as states or provinces. Depending on location, PAs practice semi-autonomously under the supervision of a <a href="/wiki/Physician" title="Physician">physician</a>, or autonomously perform a subset of medical services classically provided by physicians.<a href="#cite_note-auto-1">[1]</a> The educational model was initially based upon the accelerated training of physicians in the United States during the shortage of qualified medical providers during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. Since then, the use of PAs has spread to at least 16 countries around the world.<a href="#cite_note-auto-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> In the US, PAs may diagnose illnesses, develop and manage treatment plans, prescribe medications, and serve as a principal <a href="/wiki/Healthcare_provider" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare provider">healthcare provider</a>. In many states PAs are required to have a direct agreement with a <a href="/wiki/Physician" title="Physician">physician</a>.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> In the UK, PAs were introduced in 2003. They support the work of the healthcare team, but are dependent clinicians requiring supervision from a physician.<a href="#cite_note-sheikh-4">[4]</a> They cannot prescribe medications nor request ionising radiation investigations (e.g., x-ray) in the UK.<a href="#cite_note-:2-5">[5]</a> PAs are widely used in Canada. The model began during the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a> and transitioned to the present concept in 2002. Skills and scope of privileges are similar to those in the US.<a href="#cite_note-auto-1">[1]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Nomenclature">1 Nomenclature</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Services">2 Services</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Workplaces">3 Workplaces</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Training">4 Training</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#History">5 History</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Jurisdictions">6 Jurisdictions</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Australia">6.1 Australia</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Canada">6.2 Canada</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-9"><a href="#Education_and_certification_(Canada)">6.2.1 Education and certification (Canada)</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-10"><a href="#Scope_of_practice_(Canada)">6.2.2 Scope of practice (Canada)</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-11"><a href="#Compensation_(Canada)">6.2.3 Compensation (Canada)</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-12"><a href="#Regulation_(Canada)">6.2.4 Regulation (Canada)</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Germany">6.3 Germany</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#India">6.4 India</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Ireland">6.5 Ireland</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Israel">6.6 Israel</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#New_Zealand">6.7 New Zealand</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#United_Kingdom">6.8 United Kingdom</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-19"><a href="#Faculty_of_Physician_Associates,_Royal_College_of_Physicians_(UK)">6.8.1 Faculty of Physician Associates, Royal College of Physicians (UK)</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-20"><a href="#Scope_of_practice_(UK)">6.8.2 Scope of practice (UK)</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-21"><a href="#Regulation_(UK)">6.8.3 Regulation (UK)</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-22"><a href="#Training_(UK)">6.8.4 Training (UK)</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="#United_States">6.9 United States</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-24"><a href="#Nomenclature_(US)">6.9.1 Nomenclature (US)</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-25"><a href="#Education_and_certification_(US)">6.9.2 Education and certification (US)</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-26"><a href="#Scope_of_practice_(US)">6.9.3 Scope of practice (US)</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-27"><a href="#Employment_(US)">6.9.4 Employment (US)</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-28"><a href="#Compensation_(US)">6.9.5 Compensation (US)</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-29"><a href="#Federal_government,_uniformed_services,_and_US_armed_forces_(US)">6.9.6 Federal government, uniformed services, and US armed forces (US)</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-30"><a href="#South_Korea">6.10 South Korea</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-31"><a href="#References">7 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-32"><a href="#External_links">8 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="Nomenclature">Nomenclature</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Physician_assistant&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Nomenclature" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> The occupational title of physician assistant and physician associate originated in the United States in 1967 at <a href="/wiki/Duke_University" title="Duke University">Duke University</a>. The role has been adopted in the US, Canada, United Kingdom, Republic of Ireland, Netherlands, Australia, New Zealand, India, Israel, Bulgaria, Myanmar, Switzerland, Liberia, Ghana, and by analogous names throughout Africa, each with their own nomenclature and education structure. In Malawi they are called clinical officers. Most of them study clinical medicine at the Malawi College of Health Sciences and other colleges within the country <table class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed plainrowheaders"> <tbody><tr> <th>Jurisdiction</th> <th>Title</th> <th>Abbreviation</th> <th>Test</th> <th>Certifying Authority </th></tr> <tr> <td>United States</td> <td>Physician Associate/Physician Assistant</td> <td>PA-C</td> <td>Physician Associate National Certification Exam</td> <td>National Commission on Certification of Physician Associates<a href="#cite_note-aapa-6">[6]</a> with accompanying state-level certification. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Canada</td> <td>Canadian Certified Physician Assistant</td> <td>CCPA</td> <td>Entry to Practice Examination</td> <td>Physician Assistant Certification Council of Canada<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> with accompanying provincial certification </td></tr> <tr> <td>United Kingdom</td> <td>Physician Associate</td> <td>PA-R</td> <td>Physician Associate National Certification Examination</td> <td>Royal College of Physicians<a href="#cite_note-UK-8">[8]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Republic of Ireland</td> <td>Physician Associate</td> <td>PA</td> <td>none</td> <td>none </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kenya</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Clinical_officer" title="Clinical officer">Clinical officer</a></td> <td>CO</td> <td>Clinical Officers Licensing Examination</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Clinical_Officers_Council" title="Clinical Officers Council">Clinical Officers Council</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>South Africa</td> <td>Clinical Associate<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Malaysia</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Assistant_Medical_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Assistant Medical Officer">Assistant Medical Officer</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>Malaysia Medical Assistant Board (Lembaga Pembantu Perubatan Malaysia) </td></tr> <tr> <td>India</td> <td>"Physician Assistant"& "Physician Associate" Both are now known as "Physician Associate"(NCAHP ACT 2021, Government of India)</td> <td>PA</td> <td>National common Entry and Exit Examination.</td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://ncahp.abdm.gov.in/">https://ncahp.abdm.gov.in/</a> NCAHP, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Germany</td> <td>Physician Assistant</td> <td>PA</td> <td>None</td> <td>None<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>China</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Assistant_doctor_(China)" title="Assistant doctor (China)">Assistant Doctor</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Health_Extension_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Health Extension Officer">Health Extension Officer</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Former <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Feldsher" title="Feldsher">Feldsher</a><a href="#cite_note-isco08-13">[13]</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Israel</td> <td>Physician Assistant<a href="#cite_note-JAAPA-israel-14">[14]</a></td> <td>PA-R</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Services">Services</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Physician_assistant&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Services" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> Physician assistants or associates may: <ul><li>conduct patient interviews and take medical histories</li> <li>conduct physical examinations</li> <li>order and interpret diagnostic tests and exams (As per International labour Organisation code)</li> <li>diagnose illnesses</li> <li>formulate treatment plans</li> <li>coordinate and manage care</li> <li>perform medical procedures</li> <li>prescribe medications (As per International labour organisation norms if any)</li> <li>conduct clinical research</li> <li>provide patient counselling</li> <li>offer advice on preventative health care</li> <li>first assist in surgery<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></li> <li>Can serve as a clinical tutor/Demostrator, assistant professor, associate professor, or professor (depending on academic qualifications along with experience).</li> <li>In Administrative sector, can serve as principal/Director, Dean etc as per experience & Qualifications.</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Workplaces">Workplaces</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Physician_assistant&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Workplaces" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> Physician assistants or associates train to work in settings such as <a href="/wiki/Hospital" title="Hospital">hospitals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clinic" title="Clinic">clinics</a> and other types of health facilities, or virtually via <a href="/wiki/Telemedicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Telemedicine">telemedicine</a>. PAs are commonly found working in teaching and research as well as hospital administration and other clinical environments. PAs may practice in <a href="/wiki/Primary_care" title="Primary care">primary care</a> or Health Sciences specialties, including emergency medicine, surgery and cardiology.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Training">Training</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Physician_assistant&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Training" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> Physician assistant (or associate) education is shorter than a medical degree required to become a physician. It also typically does not involve <a href="/wiki/Residency_training" class="mw-redirect" title="Residency training">residency training</a>, although this is increasingly offered in a variety of specialties. Renewal of certification is usually required every few years, varying by jurisdiction.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="History">History</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Physician_assistant&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> In 1961, Charles Hudson recommended that the <a href="/wiki/American_Medical_Association" title="American Medical Association">American Medical Association</a> create new medical provider certifications. <a href="/wiki/Eugene_A._Stead" title="Eugene A. Stead">Eugene A. Stead</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Duke_University" title="Duke University">Duke University</a> Medical Center assembled the first class of physician assistants in 1965, composed of four former <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">US Navy</a> <a href="/wiki/Hospital_Corpsman" class="mw-redirect" title="Hospital Corpsman">Hospital Corpsmen</a>.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> He based the curriculum of the PA program on his first-hand knowledge of the fast-track training of medical doctors during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.<a href="#cite_note-aapa.org-19">[19]</a> Two other physicians, Richard Smith at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Washington" title="University of Washington">University of Washington</a>, and Hu Myers at <a href="/wiki/Alderson_Broaddus_University" title="Alderson Broaddus University">Alderson-Broaddus College</a> launched their own programs in the mid-late 1960s. J. Willis Hurst started the <a href="/wiki/Emory_University" title="Emory University">Emory University</a> Physician Assistant Program in 1967. The Liberian model of PAs was a curriculum intended for graduates to work in areas absent of physicians as physician substitutes. Advisors for this program included UNICEF, American physicians, and Agnes N. Dagbe, MS, RN, a Liberian nurse educated in the US. Additional training was done in the USSR. The Liberian government inaugurated the program in 1965 with Dagbe as PA program.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> Beginning in January 1971,<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> the US Army produced eight classes of physician assistants, at 30 students per class, through the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Medical_Department_Center_and_School" title="United States Army Medical Department Center and School">Academy of Health Sciences</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brooke_Army_Medical_Center#Brooke_Army_Medical_Center" title="Brooke Army Medical Center">Brooke Medical Center</a> (academically accredited by <a href="/wiki/Baylor_University" title="Baylor University">Baylor University</a>). In 2017, approximately 68% of physician assistants in the United States were women and approximately 32% were men.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> The profession expanded globally. It can now be found in Afghanistan, Australia, Canada, Germany, Ghana, India, Israel, Liberia, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Saudi Arabia, and the United Kingdom. As a profession, physician assistants have greatly influenced the theory and conceptualization of socially accountable health professional education.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Jurisdictions">Jurisdictions</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Physician_assistant&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Jurisdictions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australia">Australia</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Physician_assistant&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Australia" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In 2011, Health Workforce Australia began developing the role of physician assistant throughout the country culminating with registration and a PA Program based out of <a href="/wiki/James_Cook_University" title="James Cook University">James Cook University</a>.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> The Australian Society of Physician Assistants in 2011 published a code of practice.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> Despite all initial indicators showing that the new profession would be successfully integrated into the health care system, in 2013 it was reported that the progress had floundered resulting in the majority of PAs in Australia being unemployed.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canada">Canada</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Physician_assistant&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Canada" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> As of 2024, there are approximately 1000 physician assistants working in healthcare settings in Canada.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-27">[27]</a> The first formally trained physician assistants graduated in 1984 from the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Forces_Medical_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Forces Medical Service">Canadian Forces Medical Services School</a> at Borden, Ontario.<a href="#cite_note-CAPA_history-28">[28]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Medical_Association" title="Canadian Medical Association">Canadian Medical Association</a> (CMA) recognized physician assistants as a health professional in 2003.<a href="#cite_note-CAPA_history-28">[28]</a> Physician assistants are able to perform medical functions such as ordering tests, diagnosing diseases, prescribing medications, treating patients, educating patients and performing various medical and surgical procedures. Physician assistants are labeled under the federal government national occupational classification code 3124: allied primary health practitioners.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Education_and_certification_(Canada)">Education and certification (Canada)</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Physician_assistant&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Education and certification (Canada)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Physician_assistant" title="Special:EditPage/Physician assistant">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2021) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> The first civilian physician assistant education programs were launched in 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Manitoba" title="University of Manitoba">University of Manitoba</a> and <a href="/wiki/McMaster_University" title="McMaster University">McMaster University</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CAPA_history-28">[28]</a> In 2010, a third civilian program was launched by the consortium of physician assistant education (<a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto" title="University of Toronto">University of Toronto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ontario_School_of_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Ontario School of Medicine">Northern Ontario School of Medicine</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Michener_Institute" title="The Michener Institute">The Michener Institute</a>) while further programmes were added in 2024 at <a href="/wiki/Dalhousie_University" title="Dalhousie University">Dalhousie University</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> and at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Calgary" title="University of Calgary">University of Calgary</a>.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> A new programme has been announced to be housed at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Saskatchewan" title="University of Saskatchewan">University of Saskatchewan</a> to start in 2025.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> In Canada, the education of a physician assistant generally consists of three years of professional post-graduate university education. The education is delivered over a two calendar year time-frame by completing fall, winter and summer semesters for both years of the program in either a master level university physician assistant program or post-graduate professional university bachelor level physician assistant program. Physician assistant graduates become eligible for the certification exam by being a graduate of a Canadian physician assistant program that is recognized by the Physician Assistant Certification Council of Canada (Canadian Armed Forces physician assistant program, University of Manitoba, McMaster University and the consortium of physician assistant education all of which are accredited by the Canadian Medical Association).<a href="#cite_note-auto1-27">[27]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Scope_of_practice_(Canada)">Scope of practice (Canada)</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Physician_assistant&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Scope of practice (Canada)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> As of 2023 PAs in Canada may: <dl><dd></dd></dl> Physician assistants resemble and provide many of the functions of physicians. Physician Assistants (PA) are academically prepared health care professionals who provide a broad range of medical services. PAs are physician extenders and not independent practitioners; they work with a degree of autonomy, negotiated and agreed on by the supervising physician(s) and the PA. PAs can work in any clinical setting to extend physician services. PAs complement existing services and aid in improving patient access to health care. A relationship with a supervising physician is essential to the role of the PA. "<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> Physician assistants may be compared to the role of nurse practitioner by the general public and may be confused as the same profession. Nurse practitioners in Canada practice under an advanced nursing model.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> Physician assistants practice under a medical model, similarly modeled after medical school (physician) education.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> Nurse practitioners practice within their defined specific scope of practice autonomously and sometimes collaboratively. The defined scopes of a nurse practitioner include the areas of (family care, adults and paediatrics). Physician assistants are permitted to practice in all medical specialties by mirroring the practice of a physician with a full range of skills and scope by practicing both autonomously as a clinician and collaboratively with physicians when required. Some examples of practice areas for physician assistants include (emergency medicine, critical care medicine, cardiology, psychiatry, community and family medicine, neurology, surgery, orthopaedics, internal medicine, oncology, gastroenterology, military medicine, respirology, dermatology, women's health and many more specialities). Physician assistants may perform certain roles which have been traditionally only provided by physicians in clinical practice, making the PA's medical training over other providers unique in this regard.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Disputed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-disputed" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article's factual accuracy is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute">disputed</a>. Relevant discussion may be found on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Physician_assistant#Disputed" title="Talk:Physician assistant">talk page</a>. Please help to ensure that disputed statements are <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">reliably sourced</a>. (April 2023) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Compensation_(Canada)">Compensation (Canada)</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Physician_assistant&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Compensation (Canada)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Physician assistant salaries in civilian practice in Canada are relatively new and can range from approximately $80,000 CAD for entry level positions to $142,000 CAD a year for experienced providers which are not on call and up to $178,000 CAD for experienced providers which are on call.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> The physician assistant profession is newer to civilian practice in Canada. The compensation report published in 2019 by the Canadian Association of Physician Assistants outlines the typical salaries across Canada being an entry median salary of approximately $80,000 CAD and an experienced median salary of approximately $105,000 CAD.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Regulation_(Canada)">Regulation (Canada)</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Physician_assistant&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Regulation (Canada)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Physician assistants are currently practicing across Canada in the Canadian Armed Forces as commissioned officers in domestic and international environments and have been in practice since the 1960s.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> Physician assistants outside of the Canadian Armed Forces practice usually in the public health care system in the provinces of Manitoba, Ontario, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Alberta.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Physician assistants have been regulated in Manitoba since 1999 and in New Brunswick since 2009<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> and are registrants of their respective provincial college of physicians and surgeons. Physician assistants in Ontario were introduced in 2007 to the public health system as a joint venture between the Ontario Ministry of Health and the Ontario Medical Association.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> In PEI, regulation has been mandatory since June 2023. In Alberta, PAs regulation is in effect since 2021. In Nova Scotia, regulation becomes compulsory since 2024. In Ontario, PAs will be regulated from 1 April 2025. In Saskatchewan, regulation for PAs is now in effect. Physician assistants are represented by the Canadian Association of Physician Assistants, which originally was formed in October 1999.<a href="#cite_note-CAPA_history-28">[28]</a> As of 2023, PAs scope of practice in Canada is described at their website: <dl><dd>The PA's scope of practice is determined on an individual basis and formally outlined in a practice contract or agreement between the supervising physician(s), the PA and often the facility or service where the PA will work. Activities may include conducting patient interviews, histories and physical examinations; performing selected diagnostic and therapeutic interventions or procedures; and counseling patients on preventive health care.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Germany">Germany</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Physician_assistant&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Germany" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Physician Assistants / Associates were established in Germany as a degree course in 2005. (<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arztassistent" class="extiw" title="de:Arztassistent">de:Arztassistent</a> <a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a>). Recruitment had initially been slow, but as of 2019 there were said to be several hundred <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arztassistenten" class="extiw" title="de:Arztassistenten">de:Arztassistenten</a> in Germany. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="India">India</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Physician_assistant&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: India" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The first PA program in India was established in 1992 with a focus on expanding cardiovascular specialty .<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> Since then, multiple programs have developed (~130), most of them at baccalaureate level with four master's level programs.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> As on 2024, an estimated 10,000 PAs have graduated in India. With the enactment of the National Commission of Allied and Healthcare professions Act in 2021 in the Parliament, the profession is a recognised one. Physician Assistants in India are now referred to as 'Physician Associates.' Formation of a council for Allied and Healthcare professions is underway at the National level and in the different states.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> Efforts towards regulation of the profession, standardization of the curriculum, accreditation of training institutes etc., are also underway(As January 2025).<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ireland">Ireland</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Physician_assistant&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Ireland" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Physician Associates were introduced by the <a href="/wiki/Health_Service_Executive" title="Health Service Executive">Health Service Executive</a> in the mid-2010's. The <a href="/wiki/Royal_College_of_Surgeons_in_Ireland" title="Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland">Royal College of Surgeons</a> has offered a PA <a href="/wiki/Postgraduate_degree" class="mw-redirect" title="Postgraduate degree">postgraduate degree</a> since 2016,<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> with 28 graduating by January 2021<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Physician_assistant&action=edit">[update]</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MedIndoSoFar.ie-47">[47]</a> PAs may not write <a href="/wiki/Medical_prescription" title="Medical prescription">prescriptions</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MedIndoSoFar.ie-47">[47]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Israel">Israel</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Physician_assistant&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Israel" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Physician Assistants were introduced in Israel in May 2016 to help augment a shrinking physician workforce. The initial training programs have been overseen by the ministry of health directly, but transition to academic training is planned.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Israeli PA education is modeled after United States' and Netherlands' approaches, and has focused on former paramedics with bachelor's degrees.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] As of 2022, the 100 or so PAs in Israel work exclusively within Emergency Departments. While PA scope of practice includes many emergency procedures, Israeli PAs are not currently allowed to prescribe or administer medicine in non-emergency settings.<a href="#cite_note-JAAPA-israel-14">[14]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Zealand">New Zealand</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Physician_assistant&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: New Zealand" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In February 2015, Health Workforce New Zealand completed a Phase-2 trial of PAs who worked for a period of two years (2013–2015) in four clinical settings.<a href="#cite_note-:0-48">[48]</a> Specifically, the sites included one rural emergency department and three primary care settings (two rural and one urban) located on the North and South Islands of New Zealand.<a href="#cite_note-:0-48">[48]</a> At conclusion of the trial, several clinics continued to employ PAs while the process of health regulation makes its way through the government bureaucracy.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Physician_assistant&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: United Kingdom" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The position of physician assistant was established in the United Kingdom in 2005. It evolved from that of physician assistant, developed in the US in the 1960s.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In 2012, a group of physician assistants voted to change the name to physician associate, this title has been criticised, however, as it is similar to the title Associate Physician, which represents a senior medical doctor. <a href="/wiki/Hillingdon_Hospitals_NHS_Foundation_Trust" class="mw-redirect" title="Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust">Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust</a> was asked to manage the recruitment of 200 physician associates who are expected to come from the US for 40 <a href="/wiki/NHS_trust" title="NHS trust">NHS trusts</a> in September 2015.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> Physician Associates will be regulated by the General Medical Council from 13 December 2024. They are currently not able to prescribe or order tests which require ionising radiation. Legally, physician associates must practice under the supervision of a medical doctor/surgeon. In July 2023 a motion was brought forward for discussion by the <a href="/wiki/British_Medical_Association" title="British Medical Association">British Medical Association</a> to rename PAs as Physician Assistants in the U.K. to avoid role confusion with Physicians and for them to be registered with the <a href="/wiki/Health_and_Care_Professions_Council" title="Health and Care Professions Council">Health and Care Professions Council</a>, however, the British Medical Association is a trade union for doctors and is not a regulatory body; it therefore has no statutory power to set a scope of practice, rename the profession or decide on a regulatory body.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Faculty_of_Physician_Associates,_Royal_College_of_Physicians_(UK)">Faculty of Physician Associates, Royal College of Physicians (UK)</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Physician_assistant&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Faculty of Physician Associates, Royal College of Physicians (UK)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The <a href="/wiki/Faculty_of_Physician_Associates" title="Faculty of Physician Associates">Faculty of Physician Associates</a> is currently the professional body for Physician Associates working in the United Kingdom.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] A joint venture between the <a href="/wiki/Royal_College_of_Physicians" title="Royal College of Physicians">Royal College of Physicians</a> of London and the previous professional body, the United Kingdom Association of Physician Associates, the Faculty officially launched in July 2015, taking over all professional responsibilities.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The Faculty oversees the managed voluntary register, which all practising associates are encouraged to join, and sets and runs the National Assessment Examination and National Recertification Examination which is optional for PAs.<a href="#cite_note-fparcpfaq-51">[51]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Scope_of_practice_(UK)">Scope of practice (UK)</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Physician_assistant&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Scope of practice (UK)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In the United Kingdom, PAs are dependent practitioners, and they must practice under the supervision of a physician.<a href="#cite_note-:2-5">[5]</a> They perform tasks such as taking medical histories, ordering and interpreting laboratory tests.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> There is no nationally agreed upon scope of practice for Physician Associates in the United Kingdom as of 2024, despite them working in the United Kingdom for over a decade. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Regulation_(UK)">Regulation (UK)</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Physician_assistant&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Regulation (UK)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The title physician associate was not legally protected in the UK until December 2024. Since June 2010, physician associates have been able to obtain membership of the Managed Voluntary Register for physician associates.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> This database, run by PAs for PAs, aims to identify all qualified PAs who are able to practise. Its intent is to maintain high standards.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> To remain on the voluntary register, physician associates are required to re-certify every 5–6 years.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> In 2018 <a href="/wiki/Matt_Hancock" title="Matt Hancock">Matt Hancock</a> announced a plan to regulate PAs. The General Medical Council begins to regulate PAs on 13 December 2024.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Training_(UK)">Training (UK)</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Physician_assistant&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Training (UK)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Training is through a two-year training programme (MSc) in Physician Associate Studies, although some PAs in the United Kingdom only hold a PgDip in Physician Associate Studies. As of 2017<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Physician_assistant&action=edit">[update]</a> at least 32 universities offered these programs: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bolton" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Bolton">University of Bolton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Hertfordshire" title="University of Hertfordshire">University of Hertfordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Mary_University_of_London" title="Queen Mary University of London">Queen Mary University of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Aberdeen" title="University of Aberdeen">University of Aberdeen</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bradford" title="University of Bradford">University of Bradford</a><a href="#cite_note-Bradford.ac.uk-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglia_Ruskin_University" title="Anglia Ruskin University">Anglia Ruskin University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Birmingham" title="University of Birmingham">University of Birmingham</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canterbury_Christ_Church_University" title="Canterbury Christ Church University">Canterbury Christ Church University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_East_Anglia" title="University of East Anglia">University of East Anglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hull_York_Medical_School" title="Hull York Medical School">Hull York Medical School</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Leeds" title="University of Leeds">University of Leeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester_Medical_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Manchester Medical School">Manchester Medical School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Liverpool" title="University of Liverpool">University of Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Central_Lancashire" title="University of Central Lancashire">University of Central Lancashire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_University" title="Newcastle University">Newcastle University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Plymouth University">Plymouth University</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Reading" title="University of Reading">University of Reading</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheffield_Hallam_University" title="Sheffield Hallam University">Sheffield Hallam University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_George%27s,_University_of_London" title="St George's, University of London">St George's, University of London</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Surrey" title="University of Surrey">University of Surrey</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Wolverhampton" title="University of Wolverhampton">University of Wolverhampton</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Worcester" title="University of Worcester">University of Worcester</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a></li></ul> </div> Entry requirements vary, especially in terms of required first degree subject.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] For example, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bradford" title="University of Bradford">University of Bradford</a> requires a 2:1 (or above) undergraduate degree in a Life Science, Biomedical Science, or Healthcare subject. Under exceptional circumstances, experience in healthcare practice may contribute/compensate absent the above requirements.<a href="#cite_note-Bradford.ac.uk-58">[58]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Physician_assistant&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: United States" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nomenclature_(US)">Nomenclature (US)</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Physician_assistant&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Nomenclature (US)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In accordance with the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Physician_Associates" title="American Academy of Physician Associates">American Academy of Physician Associates</a> (AAPA), the official title of the profession in the United States is "Physician Associate".<a href="#cite_note-aapa-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> While this is the official title used by the national organization, utilization of this title may vary on the state and local level based on state and local bylaws and policies.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> Many hospital and healthcare systems still use physician assistant as titles, with some just resorting to using "PA" to avoid confusion with <a href="/wiki/Physician" title="Physician">physicians</a>.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> A physician assistant may use the initials "PA", "PA-C", "APA-C", "RPA" or "RPA-C", where the "-C" indicates "Certified" and the "R" indicates "Registered".[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The "R" designation is unique to a few states, mainly in the <a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">Northeast</a>. APA stands for aeromedical physician assistant and indicates that a physician assistant successfully completed the US Army Flight Surgeon Primary Course.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> During training, PA students are designated PA-S.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The use of "PA-C" is limited to certified PAs who comply with the regulations of the National Commission on Certification of Physician Assistants and who have passed <a href="/wiki/Physician_Assistant_National_Certifying_Exam" title="Physician Assistant National Certifying Exam">PANCE</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Students undertaking physician assistant or associate training may refer to themselves as a physician assistant student, physician associate student, student physician assistant or student physician associate.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] PA students may add "S" at the end of their student designation (PA-S).[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Students may also use the corresponding year of their training in their student designation.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] For example, students in the second year of their physician assistant or physician associate training may use (PA-S2) as their student designation.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The American Academy of Physician Associates has spent over $22 million since 2018 campaigning to change the word "assistant" to "associate" in the title of physician assistant. The campaign has been heavily criticized by physicians, but advocates argue that the revised title more accurately reflects the clinician's role on the patient care team.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> In the United States, the profession is represented by the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Physician_Associates" title="American Academy of Physician Associates">American Academy of Physician Associates</a>. All PAs must graduate from a nationally accredited ARC-PA[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] program as well as passing the national certification exam.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> In 1970 the <a href="/wiki/American_Medical_Association" title="American Medical Association">American Medical Association</a> passed a resolution to develop educational guidelines and certification procedures for PAs.<a href="#cite_note-Carter_2001-74">[74]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Duke_University_Medical_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Duke University Medical Center">Duke University Medical Center</a> Archives had established the Physician Assistant History Center, dedicated to the study, preservation, and presentation of the history of the profession. The PA History Center became its own institution in 2011, was renamed the PA History Society, and relocated to <a href="/wiki/Johns_Creek,_Georgia" title="Johns Creek, Georgia">Johns Creek, Georgia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Education_and_certification_(US)">Education and certification (US)</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Physician_assistant&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Education and certification (US)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> As of May 2019<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Physician_assistant&action=edit">[update]</a>, 243 accredited PA programs operated in the United States, with dozens more in development.<a href="#cite_note-paeaonline.org-76">[76]</a> Most educational programs are <a href="/wiki/Postgraduate_education" title="Postgraduate education">graduate programs</a> leading to the award of <a href="/wiki/Master%27s_degree" title="Master's degree">master's degrees</a> in either Physician Assistant Studies, Health Science (<a href="/wiki/Master_of_Health_Science" title="Master of Health Science">Master of Health Science</a>), or Medical Science (MMSc), and require a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degree" title="Bachelor's degree">bachelor's degree</a> and <a href="/wiki/Graduate_Record_Examination" class="mw-redirect" title="Graduate Record Examination">Graduate Record Examination</a> or <a href="/wiki/Medical_College_Admission_Test" title="Medical College Admission Test">Medical College Admission Test</a> scores for entry. The majority of PA programs in the United States employ the <a href="/wiki/CASPA" title="CASPA">CASPA</a> application for selecting students.<a href="#cite_note-paeaonline.org-76">[76]</a> Professional licensure is regulated by <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">state</a> medical boards. PA students train at medical schools and academic medical centers across the country. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Physician_Assistant_Program_at_ODU.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Physician_Assistant_Program_at_ODU.jpg/220px-Physician_Assistant_Program_at_ODU.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6048" data-file-height="4032"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Physician_Assistant_Program_at_ODU.jpg/220px-Physician_Assistant_Program_at_ODU.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Physician_Assistant_Program_at_ODU.jpg/330px-Physician_Assistant_Program_at_ODU.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Physician_Assistant_Program_at_ODU.jpg/440px-Physician_Assistant_Program_at_ODU.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Physician Assistant Program at ODU</figcaption></figure> PA education is based on medical education;<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> it typically requires 2 to 3 years of full-time graduate study like most master's degrees.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> (Medical school lasts four years plus a specialty-specific residency.) Training consists of classroom and laboratory instruction in medical and behavioral sciences, followed by clinical rotations in internal medicine, family medicine, surgery, pediatrics, obstetrics and gynecology, emergency medicine, and geriatric medicine, as well as elective rotations.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> PAs are not required to complete residencies after they complete their schooling (unlike physicians). Postgraduate training programs are offered in certain specialties for PAs, though these are optional and shorter in length than medical residency.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> PA clinical postgraduate programs are clinical training programs that differ from on the job training given their inclusion of education and supervised clinical experience to meet learning objectives.<a href="#cite_note-Polansky_2007_100%E2%80%93108-81">[81]</a> Montefiore Medical Center Postgraduate Surgical Physician Assistant Program was established in 1971 as the first recognized clinical postgraduate PA program.<a href="#cite_note-Polansky_2007_100%E2%80%93108-81">[81]</a> 49 programs address specialties such as Neurology, Trauma/Critical Care and Oncology. 50 programs joined the Association of Postgraduate Physician Assistant Programs to establish educational standards for postgraduate PA programs.<a href="#cite_note-Polansky_2007_100%E2%80%93108-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-Polansky_2012_39%E2%80%9345-82">[82]</a> In the United States, a graduate from an accredited PA program must pass the NCCPA-administered Physician Assistant National Certifying Exam (<a href="/wiki/PANCE" class="mw-redirect" title="PANCE">PANCE</a>) before becoming a PA-C; this certification is required for licensure in all states.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> The content of the exam is covered in the PANCE BLUEPRINT. In addition, a PA must log 100 <a href="/wiki/Continuing_medical_education" title="Continuing medical education">Continuing Medical Education</a> hours and reregister his or her certificate with the NCCPA every two years. Every ten years (formerly six years), a PA must also recertify by successfully completing the Physician Assistant National Recertifying Exam (<a href="/wiki/PANRE" class="mw-redirect" title="PANRE">PANRE</a>)<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> There is a growing number of doctoral programs for certified PAs leading to a <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Medical_Science" title="Doctor of Medical Science">Doctor of Medical Science</a> (DMSc) but there is no requirement for one to have a doctorate in order to practice. "National Physician Assistant Week" is celebrated annually in the US from October 6 through October 12. This week was chosen to commemorate the anniversary of the first graduating physician assistant class at Duke University on October 6, 1967.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> October 6 is also the birthday of the profession's founder, Eugene A. Stead Jr., MD.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Scope_of_practice_(US)">Scope of practice (US)</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Physician_assistant&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Scope of practice (US)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Physician assistants have their own licenses with distinct scope of practice.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> Each of the 50 states has different laws regarding the prescription of medications by PAs and the licensing authority granted to each category within that particular state through the <a href="/wiki/Drug_Enforcement_Administration" title="Drug Enforcement Administration">Drug Enforcement Administration</a> (DEA).<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> PAs in Kentucky and Puerto Rico are not allowed to prescribe any <a href="/wiki/Controlled_substance" title="Controlled substance">controlled substances</a>. Several other states place a limit on the type of <a href="/wiki/Controlled_Substances_Act" title="Controlled Substances Act">controlled substance</a> or the quantity that can be prescribed, dispensed, or administered by a PA.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> Depending upon the specific laws of any given state board of medicine, the PA must have a formal relationship on file with a <a href="/wiki/Collaborative" class="mw-redirect" title="Collaborative">collaborative</a> physician. The collaborating physician must also be licensed in the state in which the PA is working, although he or she may physically be located elsewhere. Physician collaboration can be in person, by <a href="/wiki/Telecommunication" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunication">telecommunication systems</a> or by other reliable means (for example, availability for consultation). In <a href="/wiki/Emergency_department" title="Emergency department">emergency departments</a> the laws governing PA practice differ by state, generally allowing a broad scope of practice and limited direct supervision.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> During the COVID-19 pandemic, several state governments changed regulations regarding PA scope of practice, including: <ul><li>On May 21, 2020, the law S.B. 1915 was signed by Oklahoma Governor <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Stitt" title="Kevin Stitt">Kevin Stitt</a>. This law allows Physician Assistants to become primary care providers and receive direct pay from insurers. The reference of "supervision" was changed to "delegating" in regards to physician responsibility. This law also allows PAs to legally volunteer in the case of disaster or emergency.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a></li> <li>On May 27, 2020, Governor <a href="/wiki/Tim_Walz" title="Tim Walz">Tim Walz</a> signed into Minnesota law the Omnibus Healthcare Bill S.F. 13. This law removes references to physician responsibility of supervision and delegation of care provided by PAs. The law also removes delegated prescriptive authority.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Employment_(US)">Employment (US)</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Physician_assistant&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Employment (US)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The first employer of PAs was the then-Veterans Administration, known today as the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Veterans_Affairs" title="United States Department of Veterans Affairs">Department of Veterans Affairs</a>. Today it is the largest single employer of PAs, employing nearly 2,000.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] According to the AAPA, as of 2020 there are more than 148,560 certified PAs in the United States, up from 115,547 in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> Money magazine, in conjunction with Salary.com, listed the PA profession as the "fifth best job in America" in May 2006, based both on salary and job prospects, and on an anticipated 10-year job growth of 49.65%.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> In 2010, CNN Money rated the physician assistant career as the number two best job in America.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> In 2012, Forbes rated the physician assistant degree as the number one master's degree for jobs.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> In 2015, Glassdoor rated physician assistant as the number one best job in America.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> In 2021, U.S. News & World Report rated physician assistant as the number one best job in America.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> The US Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics report on PAs states, "...Employment of physician assistants is projected to grow 37 percent from 2016 to 2026, much faster than the average for all occupations..."<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> This is due to several factors, including an expanding health care industry, an aging <a href="/wiki/Baby_boomer" class="mw-redirect" title="Baby boomer">baby-boomer</a> population, concerns for cost containment, and newly implemented restrictions to shorten physician <a href="/wiki/Residency_(medicine)" title="Residency (medicine)">resident</a> work hours. In the 2008 AAPA census, 56 percent of responding PAs worked in physicians' offices or clinics and 24 percent were employed by <a href="/wiki/Hospital" title="Hospital">hospitals</a>.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> The remainder were employed in <a href="/wiki/Public_health" title="Public health">public health</a> clinics, nursing homes, schools, prisons, home <a href="/wiki/Health_care" title="Health care">health care</a> agencies, and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Veterans_Affairs" title="United States Department of Veterans Affairs">United States Department of Veterans Affairs</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> Fifteen percent of responding PAs work in counties classified as non-metropolitan by Economic Research Service of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture">United States Department of Agriculture</a>;<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> approximately 17% of the US population resides in these <a href="/wiki/County_(United_States)" title="County (United States)">counties</a>.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> For PAs in primary care practice, <a href="/wiki/Malpractice" title="Malpractice">malpractice</a> insurance policies with $100,000–300,000 in coverage can cost less than $600 per year; premiums are higher for PAs in higher-risk specialties.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Compensation_(US)">Compensation (US)</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Physician_assistant&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Compensation (US)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> According to Bureau of Labor Statistics, in 2020 the median pay for physician assistants working full-time was $115,390 per year or $55.48 per hour, and the highest 10 percent earned more than $162,470.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> Physician assistants in emergency medicine, dermatology, and surgical subspecialties may earn up to $200,000 per year.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Federal_government,_uniformed_services,_and_US_armed_forces_(US)">Federal government, uniformed services, and US armed forces (US)</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Physician_assistant&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Federal government, uniformed services, and US armed forces (US)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> PAs are employed by the <a href="/wiki/State_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="State Department">United States Department of State</a> as foreign service health practitioners. PAs working in this capacity may be deployed anywhere in the world where there is a State Department facility.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] They provide primary care to US government employees and their families in American embassies and consulates around the world.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] An important part of their jobs is to get to know what resources are available locally that they can count on in an emergency. They have other important roles, such as advising their ambassadors on the health situation in the country and provide health education to the diplomatic community. In order to be considered for the position, these PAs must be licensed and have at least two years of recent experience in primary care.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Physician_Assistants_DVIDS31599.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Physician_Assistants_DVIDS31599.jpg/220px-Physician_Assistants_DVIDS31599.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1192"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Physician_Assistants_DVIDS31599.jpg/220px-Physician_Assistants_DVIDS31599.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Physician_Assistants_DVIDS31599.jpg/330px-Physician_Assistants_DVIDS31599.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Physician_Assistants_DVIDS31599.jpg/440px-Physician_Assistants_DVIDS31599.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Physician Assistant in the US Army</figcaption></figure> Military PAs serve in the <a href="/wiki/White_House_Medical_Unit" title="White House Medical Unit">White House Medical Unit</a>, where they provide care to the president and vice president and their families as well as White House staff.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] They are employed by several organizations with the intelligence community, specifically the Central Intelligence Agency.<a href="#cite_note-:1-108">[108]</a> While much of the job description is classified, they work under the Directorate of Support and are deployed to "austere environments" where they provide medical care, including trauma stabilization, and teach in the fields of survival, field medicine, and tactical combat casualty care.<a href="#cite_note-:1-108">[108]</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a> PAs serve as <a href="/wiki/Army_Medical_Department_(United_States)#Medical_Specialist_Corps_(SP)" title="Army Medical Department (United States)">Medical Specialist Corps</a> <a href="/wiki/Officer_(armed_forces)" title="Officer (armed forces)">officers</a>, typically within Army combat or combat support <a href="/wiki/Battalion" title="Battalion">battalions</a> located in the <a href="/wiki/Continental_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Continental United States">continental United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>, and overseas.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> These include <a href="/wiki/Infantry" title="Infantry">infantry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armor" class="mw-redirect" title="Armor">armor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cavalry" title="Cavalry">cavalry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Airborne_forces" title="Airborne forces">airborne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Artillery" title="Artillery">artillery</a>, and (if the PA qualifies) <a href="/wiki/Special_forces" title="Special forces">special forces</a> units. They serve as the "front line" of Army medicine and along with <a href="/wiki/Combat_medic" title="Combat medic">combat medics</a> are responsible for the total health care of soldiers assigned to their unit, as well as of their family members.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] PAs also serve in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">Air Force</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">Navy</a> as clinical practitioners and <a href="/wiki/Aviation_medicine" title="Aviation medicine">aviation medicine</a> specialists, as well as in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">Coast Guard</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Public_Health_Service" title="United States Public Health Service">Public Health Service</a>. The skills required for these PAs are similar to that of their civilian colleagues, but additional training is provided in advanced casualty care, medical management of chemical injuries, <a href="/wiki/Aviation_medicine" title="Aviation medicine">aviation medicine</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Military_medicine" title="Military medicine">military medicine</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In addition, military PAs are also required to meet the officer commissioning requirements, and maintain the professional and physical readiness standards of their respective services.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> The marine physician assistant is a US Merchant Marine staff officer. A certificate of registry is granted through The United States Coast Guard National Maritime Center located in Martinsburg, West Virginia.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> Formal training programs for marine physician assistants began in September, 1966 at the Public Service Health Hospital located in Staten Island, N.Y.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_Korea">South Korea</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Physician_assistant&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: South Korea" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> On 28 August 2024, the National Assembly passed a bill that would authorize some nurses to aid physicians: "The bill, which authorizes physician assistant nurses to support physicians during surgery and handle some duties presently reserved for doctors."<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Physician_assistant&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-auto-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_1-2">c</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thepalife.com/physician-assistants-pas-and-associates-around-the-world/">"Where PAs and Physician Associates Can Work Internationally"</a>. The Physician Assistant Life. 11 December 2018. Retrieved May 10, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Physician+Assistant+Life&rft.atitle=Where+PAs+and+Physician+Associates+Can+Work+Internationally&rft.date=2018-12-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thepalife.com%2Fphysician-assistants-pas-and-associates-around-the-world%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aapa.org/about/history/">"History of the PA Profession"</a>. <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Physician_Assistants" class="mw-redirect" title="American Academy of Physician Assistants">American Academy of Physician Assistants</a>. n.d. Retrieved 13 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+the+PA+Profession&rft.pub=American+Academy+of+Physician+Assistants&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aapa.org%2Fabout%2Fhistory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aapa.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/FAQs_NewLayout_August2019.pdf">"What is a PA? - Frequently Asked Questions"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Physician_Assistants" class="mw-redirect" title="American Academy of Physician Assistants">American Academy of Physician Assistants</a>. Retrieved 2021-04-03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+is+a+PA%3F+-+Frequently+Asked+Questions&rft.pub=American+Academy+of+Physician+Assistants&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aapa.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2019%2F09%2FFAQs_NewLayout_August2019.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-sheikh-4"><a href="#cite_ref-sheikh_4-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSheikhMoleHolder2022" class="citation news cs1">Sheikh, Rahil; Mole, Charlie; Holder, Sam (13 June 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-61759643">"Operose Health: UK's biggest GP chain replacing doctors with less qualified staff"</a>. BBC News.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Operose+Health%3A+UK%27s+biggest+GP+chain+replacing+doctors+with+less+qualified+staff&rft.date=2022-06-13&rft.aulast=Sheikh&rft.aufirst=Rahil&rft.au=Mole%2C+Charlie&rft.au=Holder%2C+Sam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fhealth-61759643&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_5-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fparcp.co.uk/becoming-a-pa">"Becoming a PA | Faculty of Physician Associates - quality health care across the NHS"</a>. www.fparcp.co.uk. Retrieved 2023-04-10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.fparcp.co.uk&rft.atitle=Becoming+a+PA+%7C+Faculty+of+Physician+Associates+-+quality+health+care+across+the+NHS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fparcp.co.uk%2Fbecoming-a-pa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-aapa-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-aapa_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-aapa_6-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aapa.org/title-change">"PA Title Change Investigation"</a>, American Academy of Physician Associates</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Academy+of+Physician+Associates&rft.atitle=PA+Title+Change+Investigation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aapa.org%2Ftitle-change&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://capa-acam.ca/paccc/elgibility/">"Certification Exam Eligibility"</a>. CAPA - ACAM.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CAPA+-+ACAM&rft.atitle=Certification+Exam+Eligibility&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcapa-acam.ca%2Fpaccc%2Felgibility%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-UK-8"><a href="#cite_ref-UK_8-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fparcp.co.uk/examinations/overview/">"The Physician Associate National Examinations"</a>. www.fparcp.co.uk. Faculty of Physician Associates.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.fparcp.co.uk&rft.atitle=The+Physician+Associate+National+Examinations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fparcp.co.uk%2Fexaminations%2Foverview%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> World Health Organization. Classifying health workers. Geneva, WHO, 2010. </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeistermannLangHeilmannTanja2022" class="citation journal cs1">Heistermann, Peter; Lang, Tamika; Heilmann, Claudia; Tanja, Meyer-Treschan (June 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/361009404">"A brief introduction to PAs in Germany"</a>. JAAPA. 35 (6): 52–55. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1097%2F01.JAA.0000830208.07114.a0">10.1097/01.JAA.0000830208.07114.a0</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35617477">35617477</a>. Retrieved 28 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAAPA&rft.atitle=A+brief+introduction+to+PAs+in+Germany&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E52-%3C%2Fspan%3E55&rft.date=2022-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1097%2F01.JAA.0000830208.07114.a0&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F35617477&rft.aulast=Heistermann&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Lang%2C+Tamika&rft.au=Heilmann%2C+Claudia&rft.au=Tanja%2C+Meyer-Treschan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F361009404&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160609200938/http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/pdfid/4b6fe1b10.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/pdfid/4b6fe1b10.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 2016-06-09. Retrieved 2012-12-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhcr.org%2Frefworld%2Fpdfid%2F4b6fe1b10.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101128014328/http://dwu.ac.pg/faculties/fhs/he/bhs.html">"Divine Word University"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dwu.ac.pg/faculties/fhs/he/bhs.html">the original</a> on 2010-11-28. Retrieved 2011-09-07.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Divine+Word+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dwu.ac.pg%2Ffaculties%2Ffhs%2Fhe%2Fbhs.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-isco08-13"><a href="#cite_ref-isco08_13-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ilo.org/public/english/bureau/stat/isco/isco08/index.htm">"ISCO - International Standard Classification of Occupations"</a>. Ilo.org. Retrieved 2019-02-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ilo.org&rft.atitle=ISCO+-+International+Standard+Classification+of+Occupations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilo.org%2Fpublic%2Fenglish%2Fbureau%2Fstat%2Fisco%2Fisco08%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-JAAPA-israel-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JAAPA-israel_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-JAAPA-israel_14-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOzer2022" class="citation journal cs1">Ozer, Roi (November 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.lww.com/jaapa/pages/articleviewer.aspx?year=2022&issue=11000&article=00012&type=Fulltext">"The PA profession in Israel: A half-decade perspective"</a>. <a href="/wiki/JAAPA" title="JAAPA">JAAPA</a>. 35 (11): 57–61. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1097%2F01.JAA.0000885172.21571.8b">10.1097/01.JAA.0000885172.21571.8b</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36282580">36282580</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:253108293">253108293</a>. Retrieved December 25, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAAPA&rft.atitle=The+PA+profession+in+Israel%3A+A+half-decade+perspective&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E57-%3C%2Fspan%3E61&rft.date=2022-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A253108293%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F36282580&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1097%2F01.JAA.0000885172.21571.8b&rft.aulast=Ozer&rft.aufirst=Roi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fjaapa%2Fpages%2Farticleviewer.aspx%3Fyear%3D2022%26issue%3D11000%26article%3D00012%26type%3DFulltext&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://medicine.yale.edu/pa/profession/index.aspx">"Physician Associate Program: The PA Profession"</a>. Yale School of Medicine. 4 January 2013. Retrieved 23 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Physician+Associate+Program%3A+The+PA+Profession&rft.pub=Yale+School+of+Medicine&rft.date=2013-01-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmedicine.yale.edu%2Fpa%2Fprofession%2Findex.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aapa.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/WhatIsAPA-Infographic-MAY2020.pdf">"What is a PA? Infographic"</a> (PDF). American Academy of PAs. Retrieved 18 Sep 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+is+a+PA%3F+Infographic&rft.pub=American+Academy+of+PAs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aapa.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F07%2FWhatIsAPA-Infographic-MAY2020.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBraunHowardPondy1973" class="citation journal cs1">Braun, J A; Howard, D R; Pondy, L R (December 1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1775358">"The physician's associate-a task analysis"</a>. <a href="/wiki/American_Journal_of_Public_Health" title="American Journal of Public Health">American Journal of Public Health</a>. 63 (12): 1024–1028. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2105%2FAJPH.63.12.1024">10.2105/AJPH.63.12.1024</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1775358">1775358</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4148535">4148535</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.atitle=The+physician%27s+associate-a+task+analysis&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1024-%3C%2Fspan%3E1028&rft.date=1973-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1775358%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F4148535&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2105%2FAJPH.63.12.1024&rft.aulast=Braun&rft.aufirst=J+A&rft.au=Howard%2C+D+R&rft.au=Pondy%2C+L+R&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1775358&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pahx.org/stead-jr-eugene">"Eugene A. Stead, Jr., MD"</a>. PA History Society. Retrieved 19 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eugene+A.+Stead%2C+Jr.%2C+MD&rft.pub=PA+History+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpahx.org%2Fstead-jr-eugene&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-aapa.org-19"><a href="#cite_ref-aapa.org_19-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141226234522/http://www.aapa.org/threeColumnLanding.aspx?id=429">"History of the PA Profession"</a>. American Academy of Physician Assistants. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aapa.org/threeColumnLanding.aspx?id=429">the original</a> on 2014-12-26. Retrieved 26 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+the+PA+Profession&rft.pub=American+Academy+of+Physician+Assistants&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aapa.org%2FthreeColumnLanding.aspx%3Fid%3D429&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOliphantKennedy2022" class="citation journal cs1">Oliphant, John; Kennedy, Jallah (October 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.lww.com/jaapa/Fulltext/2022/10000/The_PA_profession_in_Liberia__A_case_study_in.14.aspx">"The PA profession in Liberia: A case study in pioneering innovation and resiliency"</a>. JAAPA. 35 (10): 56–61. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1097%2F01.JAA.0000873788.94386.1b">10.1097/01.JAA.0000873788.94386.1b</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36165551">36165551</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:252534492">252534492</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAAPA&rft.atitle=The+PA+profession+in+Liberia%3A+A+case+study+in+pioneering+innovation+and+resiliency&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E56-%3C%2Fspan%3E61&rft.date=2022-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A252534492%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F36165551&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1097%2F01.JAA.0000873788.94386.1b&rft.aulast=Oliphant&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Kennedy%2C+Jallah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fjaapa%2FFulltext%2F2022%2F10000%2FThe_PA_profession_in_Liberia__A_case_study_in.14.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColverBlessingHinojosa2007" class="citation journal cs1">Colver, Judith E.; Blessing, J. Dennis; Hinojosa, Jason (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.paeaonline.org/index.php?ht=action/GetDocumentAction/i/25103">"Military Physician Assistants: Their Background And Education"</a>. Journal of Physician Assistant Education. 18 (3): 40–45. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1097%2F01367895-200718030-00005">10.1097/01367895-200718030-00005</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Physician+Assistant+Education&rft.atitle=Military+Physician+Assistants%3A+Their+Background+And+Education&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E40-%3C%2Fspan%3E45&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1097%2F01367895-200718030-00005&rft.aulast=Colver&rft.aufirst=Judith+E.&rft.au=Blessing%2C+J.+Dennis&rft.au=Hinojosa%2C+Jason&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.paeaonline.org%2Findex.php%3Fht%3Daction%2FGetDocumentAction%2Fi%2F25103&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://prodcmsstoragesa.blob.core.windows.net/uploads/files/2017StatisticalProfileofCertifiedPhysicianAssistants%206.27.pdf">"2017 Statistical Profile of Certified Physician Assistants: An Annual Report of the National Commission on Certification of Physician Assistants"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201222212015/https://prodcmsstoragesa.blob.core.windows.net/uploads/files/2017StatisticalProfileofCertifiedPhysicianAssistants%206.27.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 2020-12-22. Retrieved 2021-04-03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2017+Statistical+Profile+of+Certified+Physician+Assistants%3A+An+Annual+Report+of+the+National+Commission+on+Certification+of+Physician+Assistants.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprodcmsstoragesa.blob.core.windows.net%2Fuploads%2Ffiles%2F2017StatisticalProfileofCertifiedPhysicianAssistants%25206.27.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKerlonFordePreston2016" class="citation journal cs1">Kerlon, Ando; Forde, Allan; Preston, Robyn (March 2016). "Social Accountability of the Physician Assistant: A Fit-for-Purpose Health Workforce". The Journal of Physician Assistant Education. 1 (27): 43–46. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1097%2FJPA.0000000000000053">10.1097/JPA.0000000000000053</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26894952">26894952</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:9265616">9265616</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Physician+Assistant+Education&rft.atitle=Social+Accountability+of+the+Physician+Assistant%3A+A+Fit-for-Purpose+Health+Workforce&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=27&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E43-%3C%2Fspan%3E46&rft.date=2016-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A9265616%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26894952&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1097%2FJPA.0000000000000053&rft.aulast=Kerlon&rft.aufirst=Ando&rft.au=Forde%2C+Allan&rft.au=Preston%2C+Robyn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.croakey.org/why-james-cook-university-is-starting-a-physician-assistant-program/">"Why James Cook is starting a PA Program"</a>. Crokey Health Media. 31 March 2011. Retrieved May 13, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Crokey+Health+Media&rft.atitle=Why+James+Cook+is+starting+a+PA+Program&rft.date=2011-03-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.croakey.org%2Fwhy-james-cook-university-is-starting-a-physician-assistant-program%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aspa-australianpas.org/forms/code_of_practice_may13.pdf">"Table of Contents"</a> (PDF). Code of Practice.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Code+of+Practice&rft.atitle=Table+of+Contents&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aspa-australianpas.org%2Fforms%2Fcode_of_practice_may13.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amsj.org/archives/3005">"Physician Assistants in Australia: the solution to workforce woes?"</a>. Australian Medical Student Journal. 24 July 2013. Retrieved 2018-04-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Australian+Medical+Student+Journal&rft.atitle=Physician+Assistants+in+Australia%3A+the+solution+to+workforce+woes%3F&rft.date=2013-07-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amsj.org%2Farchives%2F3005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto1-27">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_27-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_27-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://capa-acam.ca/pa-profession/pa-facts">"PA Facts"</a>. Canadian Association of Physician Assistants. Retrieved 24 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PA+Facts&rft.pub=Canadian+Association+of+Physician+Assistants&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcapa-acam.ca%2Fpa-profession%2Fpa-facts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CAPA_history-28">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CAPA_history_28-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CAPA_history_28-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CAPA_history_28-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CAPA_history_28-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://capa-acam.ca/about-pas/history/">"About PAs: History"</a>. Canadian Association of Physician Assistants. Retrieved 8 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+PAs%3A+History&rft.pub=Canadian+Association+of+Physician+Assistants&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcapa-acam.ca%2Fabout-pas%2Fhistory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://noc.esdc.gc.ca/Error/ServerError404/2ac8f9140b764c69bd149542760a8e0e">"Error 404 - Canada.ca"</a>. noc.esdc.gc.ca.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=noc.esdc.gc.ca&rft.atitle=Error+404+-+Canada.ca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnoc.esdc.gc.ca%2FError%2FServerError404%2F2ac8f9140b764c69bd149542760a8e0e&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/new-training-program-at-dalhousie-will-help-address-health-workforce-challenges-867151453.html">"New Training Program at Dalhousie will help address Health Workforce Challenges"</a>. Cision. Retrieved 9 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+Training+Program+at+Dalhousie+will+help+address+Health+Workforce+Challenges&rft.pub=Cision&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newswire.ca%2Fnews-releases%2Fnew-training-program-at-dalhousie-will-help-address-health-workforce-challenges-867151453.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ca.news.yahoo.com/albertas-first-training-program-physician-192334373.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAFI6sGSl_w7JOLbrfKCrLprWRaRedTMHF72A88UAXwlj765Not7i2QBUhCzQos_2d7_BthX_XP4aN_o9xyCggy8Yo7uZBSD_qs3m0N8yUyJel9IAqfV3L3Q8uOw_vxcEHB9ADG69KKEx_vjPNEzeYElp6wyz3EMtvOm-lvodvETB">"Alberta's first training program for physician assistants launches in Calgary"</a>. Yahoo News. 26 March 2024. Retrieved 28 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alberta%27s+first+training+program+for+physician+assistants+launches+in+Calgary&rft.pub=Yahoo+News&rft.date=2024-03-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fca.news.yahoo.com%2Falbertas-first-training-program-physician-192334373.html%3Fguccounter%3D1%26guce_referrer%3DaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8%26guce_referrer_sig%3DAQAAAFI6sGSl_w7JOLbrfKCrLprWRaRedTMHF72A88UAXwlj765Not7i2QBUhCzQos_2d7_BthX_XP4aN_o9xyCggy8Yo7uZBSD_qs3m0N8yUyJel9IAqfV3L3Q8uOw_vxcEHB9ADG69KKEx_vjPNEzeYElp6wyz3EMtvOm-lvodvETB&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://educationnewscanada.com/article/education/level/university/1/1097243/usask-s-college-of-medicine-launches-master-of-physician-assistant-studies-program.html">"USask's College of Medicine launches Master of Physician Assistant Studies program"</a>. Education News Canada. 23 August 2024. Retrieved 23 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=USask%27s+College+of+Medicine+launches+Master+of+Physician+Assistant+Studies+program&rft.pub=Education+News+Canada&rft.date=2024-08-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feducationnewscanada.com%2Farticle%2Feducation%2Flevel%2Funiversity%2F1%2F1097243%2Fusask-s-college-of-medicine-launches-master-of-physician-assistant-studies-program.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://capa-acam.ca/about-pas/">"Canadian Association of Physician Assistants Association canadienne des adjoints au médecin"</a>. web page. Retrieved May 13, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=web+page&rft.atitle=Canadian+Association+of+Physician+Assistants+Association+canadienne+des+adjoints+au+m%C3%A9decin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcapa-acam.ca%2Fabout-pas%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaasalainenMartin-MisenerKilpatrickHarbman2010" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Kaasalainen, Sharon; Martin-Misener, Ruth; Kilpatrick, Kelley; Harbman, Patricia; Bryant-Lukosius, Denise; Donald, Faith; DiCenso, Nancy Carter and Alba (December 1, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.longwoods.com/content/22268/nursing-leadership/a-historical-overview-of-the-development-of-advanced-practice-nursing-roles-in-canada">"A Historical Overview of the Development of Advanced Practice Nursing Roles in Canada"</a>. Nursing Leadership (Toronto, Ont.). 23 Spec No 2010: 35–60. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.12927%2Fcjnl.2010.22268">10.12927/cjnl.2010.22268</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21478686">21478686</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nursing+Leadership+%28Toronto%2C+Ont.%29&rft.atitle=A+Historical+Overview+of+the+Development+of+Advanced+Practice+Nursing+Roles+in+Canada&rft.volume=23+Spec+No+2010&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E35-%3C%2Fspan%3E60&rft.date=2010-12-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.12927%2Fcjnl.2010.22268&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21478686&rft.aulast=Kaasalainen&rft.aufirst=Sharon&rft.au=Martin-Misener%2C+Ruth&rft.au=Kilpatrick%2C+Kelley&rft.au=Harbman%2C+Patricia&rft.au=Bryant-Lukosius%2C+Denise&rft.au=Donald%2C+Faith&rft.au=DiCenso%2C+Nancy+Carter+and+Alba&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.longwoods.com%2Fcontent%2F22268%2Fnursing-leadership%2Fa-historical-overview-of-the-development-of-advanced-practice-nursing-roles-in-canada&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://capa-acam.ca/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/NCP_en_sept20092.pdf">"Canadian Association of Physician Assistants Scope of Practice and National Competency Profile"</a> (PDF). capa-acam.ca. September 2009. Retrieved 2021-04-03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=capa-acam.ca&rft.atitle=Canadian+Association+of+Physician+Assistants+Scope+of+Practice+and+National+Competency+Profile&rft.date=2009-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcapa-acam.ca%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2012%2F12%2FNCP_en_sept20092.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pcam.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Collective-Agreement-between-WRHA-and-PCAM-FULLY-EXECUTED.pdf">"COLLECTIVE AGREEMENT"</a> (PDF). www.pcam.ca. 2017. Retrieved 2021-04-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.pcam.ca&rft.atitle=COLLECTIVE+AGREEMENT&rft.date=2017&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcam.ca%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2017%2F10%2FCollective-Agreement-between-WRHA-and-PCAM-FULLY-EXECUTED.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://capa-acam.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/PA-Compensation-2019.pdf">"The Canadian Association of Physician Assistants - Compensation Report - 2019"</a> (PDF). capa-acam.ca. 2019. Retrieved 2021-04-03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=capa-acam.ca&rft.atitle=The+Canadian+Association+of+Physician+Assistants+-+Compensation+Report+-+2019&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcapa-acam.ca%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2019%2F09%2FPA-Compensation-2019.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDefence2016" class="citation web cs1">Defence, National (June 3, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.canada.ca/en/department-national-defence/news/2016/06/canadian-armed-forces-creates-new-officer-occupation-for-physician-assistants.html">"Canadian Armed Forces creates new officer occupation for Physician Assistants"</a>. gcnws.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gcnws&rft.atitle=Canadian+Armed+Forces+creates+new+officer+occupation+for+Physician+Assistants&rft.date=2016-06-03&rft.aulast=Defence&rft.aufirst=National&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.canada.ca%2Fen%2Fdepartment-national-defence%2Fnews%2F2016%2F06%2Fcanadian-armed-forces-creates-new-officer-occupation-for-physician-assistants.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://capa-acam.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Historical-Events_Sept_2017_FINAL.pdf">"Canada's Physician Assistant Historical Timeline"</a> (PDF). capa-acam.ca. 2017. Retrieved 2021-04-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=capa-acam.ca&rft.atitle=Canada%27s+Physician+Assistant+Historical+Timeline&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcapa-acam.ca%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2017%2F10%2FHistorical-Events_Sept_2017_FINAL.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.healthforceontario.ca/en/Home/Health_Providers/Physician_Assistants?_ga=2.196839212.1021625597.1593876282-472451766.1593876282">"Physician Assistants"</a>. www.healthforceontario.ca.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.healthforceontario.ca&rft.atitle=Physician+Assistants&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.healthforceontario.ca%2Fen%2FHome%2FHealth_Providers%2FPhysician_Assistants%3F_ga%3D2.196839212.1021625597.1593876282-472451766.1593876282&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gesundheit-studieren.com/berufe/arztassistent/">"Arztassistent"</a>. www.gesundheit-studieren.com. January 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.gesundheit-studieren.com&rft.atitle=Arztassistent&rft.date=2024-01-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gesundheit-studieren.com%2Fberufe%2Farztassistent%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKuilmanSundarCherian2012" class="citation journal cs1">Kuilman, Luppo; Sundar, Gomathi; Cherian, KM (January 2012). "Physician assistant education in India". J Physician Assist Educ. 23 (3): 56–9. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1097%2F01367895-201223030-00010">10.1097/01367895-201223030-00010</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23072073">23072073</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J+Physician+Assist+Educ&rft.atitle=Physician+assistant+education+in+India&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E56-%3C%2Fspan%3E9&rft.date=2012-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1097%2F01367895-201223030-00010&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23072073&rft.aulast=Kuilman&rft.aufirst=Luppo&rft.au=Sundar%2C+Gomathi&rft.au=Cherian%2C+KM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> Muraleedharan M, Sundar G, Smalley S, Begg PA, Philip DC. Exploring Potential Challenges in Implementing a Standardized Curriculum for the Physician Associate Program in India: Insights From Stakeholder Discussions. J Physician Assist Educ. 2024 Sep 19. doi: 10.1097/JPA.0000000000000624. Epub ahead of print. PMID 39312197. </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://ncahp.abdm.gov.in/">https://ncahp.abdm.gov.in/</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> Muraleedharan M, Chandak AO, Chatterjee S, Shivakumar R, Swapna N. PAs in India: A survey report on qualifications, deployment, specialties, and job satisfaction. JAAPA. 2024 Apr 1;37(4):1-4. doi: 10.1097/01.JAA.0001007372.08019.3a. Epub 2024 Mar 26. PMID 38531039. </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.medicalindependent.ie/physician-associate-role-has-a-lot-to-offer-hse-hr-chief/">"Physician associate role has 'a lot to offer' — HSE HR chief"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Medical_Independent" title="Medical Independent">Medical Independent</a>. 2018-07-03. Retrieved 2021-06-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Medical+Independent&rft.atitle=Physician+associate+role+has+%27a+lot+to+offer%27+%E2%80%94+HSE+HR+chief&rft.date=2018-07-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalindependent.ie%2Fphysician-associate-role-has-a-lot-to-offer-hse-hr-chief%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MedIndoSoFar.ie-47">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MedIndoSoFar.ie_47-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MedIndoSoFar.ie_47-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReilly2021" class="citation news cs1">Reilly, Catherine (2021-01-11). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.medicalindependent.ie/introducing-physician-associates-to-ireland-the-story-so-far/">"Introducing physician associates to Ireland: The story so far"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Medical_Independent" title="Medical Independent">Medical Independent</a>. Retrieved 2021-06-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Medical+Independent&rft.atitle=Introducing+physician+associates+to+Ireland%3A+The+story+so+far&rft.date=2021-01-11&rft.aulast=Reilly&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalindependent.ie%2Fintroducing-physician-associates-to-ireland-the-story-so-far%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-48">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_48-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_48-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSarah2015" class="citation book cs1">Sarah, Appleton-Dyer (2015). Phase II of the physician assistant demonstrations, evaluation report : report for Health Workforce New Zealand. Field, Adrian, 1966-, Dale-Gandar, Linden, Boswell, Angela, Wright, Matthew (Doctor), Mahoney, Faith, Hanham, Grant (Consultant). Auckland. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780478448665" title="Special:BookSources/9780478448665"><bdi>9780478448665</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/919088530">919088530</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Phase+II+of+the+physician+assistant+demonstrations%2C+evaluation+report+%3A+report+for+Health+Workforce+New+Zealand&rft.place=Auckland&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F919088530&rft.isbn=9780478448665&rft.aulast=Sarah&rft.aufirst=Appleton-Dyer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hsj.co.uk/hsj-local/acute-trusts/the-hillingdon-hospitals-nhs-foundation-trust/london-trust-to-recruit-200-physician-associates-for-40-providers/5090211.article#.ViqxBEpup1A">"London trust to recruit 200 physician associates for 40 providers"</a>. Health Service Journal. 11 September 2015. Retrieved 23 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=London+trust+to+recruit+200+physician+associates+for+40+providers&rft.date=2015-09-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hsj.co.uk%2Fhsj-local%2Facute-trusts%2Fthe-hillingdon-hospitals-nhs-foundation-trust%2Flondon-trust-to-recruit-200-physician-associates-for-40-providers%2F5090211.article%23.ViqxBEpup1A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bma.org.uk/news-and-opinion/call-for-alternative-regulator-of-and-to-rename-physician-associates">"Call for alternative regulator of – and to rename – physician associates"</a>. The British Medical Association is the trade union and professional body for doctors in the UK. 2020-06-12. Retrieved 2023-08-10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+British+Medical+Association+is+the+trade+union+and+professional+body+for+doctors+in+the+UK.&rft.atitle=Call+for+alternative+regulator+of+%E2%80%93+and+to+rename+%E2%80%93+physician+associates&rft.date=2020-06-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bma.org.uk%2Fnews-and-opinion%2Fcall-for-alternative-regulator-of-and-to-rename-physician-associates&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-fparcpfaq-51"><a href="#cite_ref-fparcpfaq_51-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fparcp.co.uk/about-fpa/who-are-physician-associates">"FAQs"</a>. Faculty of Physician Associates, Royal College of Physicians. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160630070918/http://www.fparcp.co.uk/faqs">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-06-30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FAQs&rft.pub=Faculty+of+Physician+Associates%2C+Royal+College+of+Physicians&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fparcp.co.uk%2Fabout-fpa%2Fwho-are-physician-associates&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> Click "FAQs" tab </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhscareers.nhs.uk/explore-by-career/doctors/careers-in-medicine/physician-associate/">"Physician associate"</a>. Nhscareers.nhs.uk. 2015-03-26. Retrieved 22 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nhscareers.nhs.uk&rft.atitle=Physician+associate&rft.date=2015-03-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhscareers.nhs.uk%2Fexplore-by-career%2Fdoctors%2Fcareers-in-medicine%2Fphysician-associate%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160628053359/http://www.fparcp.co.uk/new-page-1">"History of the PAMVRegister"</a>. Faculty of Physician Associates, Royal College of Physicians. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fparcp.co.uk/new-page-1/">the original</a> on 2016-06-28. Retrieved 19 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+the+PAMVRegister&rft.pub=Faculty+of+Physician+Associates%2C+Royal+College+of+Physicians&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fparcp.co.uk%2Fnew-page-1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160622192424/http://www.fparcp.co.uk/pamvr-home/">"Physician Associate Managed Voluntary Register (PAMVR)"</a>. Faculty of Physician Associates, Royal College of Physicians. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fparcp.co.uk/pamvr-home/">the original</a> on 2016-06-22. Retrieved 19 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Physician+Associate+Managed+Voluntary+Register+%28PAMVR%29&rft.pub=Faculty+of+Physician+Associates%2C+Royal+College+of+Physicians&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fparcp.co.uk%2Fpamvr-home%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160609080400/http://www.fparcp.co.uk/recertification">"Recertification"</a>. Faculty of Physician Associates, Royal College of Physicians. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fparcp.co.uk/recertification/">the original</a> on 2016-06-09. Retrieved 19 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Recertification&rft.pub=Faculty+of+Physician+Associates%2C+Royal+College+of+Physicians&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fparcp.co.uk%2Frecertification%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gmc-uk.org/news/news-archive/gmc-invites-first-pas-and-aas-to-join-the-professional-register">"GMC invites first physician associates and anaesthesia associates to join the professional register"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GMC+invites+first+physician+associates+and+anaesthesia+associates+to+join+the+professional+register&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gmc-uk.org%2Fnews%2Fnews-archive%2Fgmc-invites-first-pas-and-aas-to-join-the-professional-register&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abdn.ac.uk/smmsn/postgraduate/taught/physician-associate/">"Physician Associate Studies - The School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition"</a>. Abdn.ac.uk. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Aberdeen" title="University of Aberdeen">University of Aberdeen</a>. Retrieved 5 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Abdn.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Physician+Associate+Studies+-+The+School+of+Medicine%2C+Medical+Sciences+and+Nutrition&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abdn.ac.uk%2Fsmmsn%2Fpostgraduate%2Ftaught%2Fphysician-associate%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bradford.ac.uk-58">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bradford.ac.uk_58-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bradford.ac.uk_58-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bradford.ac.uk/health/">"Faculty of Health Studies - University of Bradford"</a>. Bradford.ac.uk. Retrieved 5 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bradford.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Faculty+of+Health+Studies+-+University+of+Bradford&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bradford.ac.uk%2Fhealth%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bradford.ac.uk/life-sciences/medical-sciences/our-staff/dr-sertip-zangana.php">"Our People"</a>. University of Bradford. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160809021026/http://www.bradford.ac.uk/life-sciences/medical-sciences/our-staff/dr-sertip-zangana.php">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-08-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Our+People&rft.pub=University+of+Bradford&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bradford.ac.uk%2Flife-sciences%2Fmedical-sciences%2Four-staff%2Fdr-sertip-zangana.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.birmingham.ac.uk/postgraduate/courses/taught/med/physician-associate.aspx">"Physician Associate Studies Diploma - Postgraduate degree programme study - Institute of Clinical Sciences - University of Birmingham"</a>. Birmingham.ac.uk. Retrieved 5 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Birmingham.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Physician+Associate+Studies+Diploma+-+Postgraduate+degree+programme+study+-+Institute+of+Clinical+Sciences+-+University+of+Birmingham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.birmingham.ac.uk%2Fpostgraduate%2Fcourses%2Ftaught%2Fmed%2Fphysician-associate.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hyms.ac.uk/postgraduate-taught-degrees/msc-in-physician-associate-studies">"MSc in Physician Associate Studies"</a>. Hyms.ac.uk. Retrieved 2 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hyms.ac.uk&rft.atitle=MSc+in+Physician+Associate+Studies&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hyms.ac.uk%2Fpostgraduate-taught-degrees%2Fmsc-in-physician-associate-studies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.plymouth.ac.uk/courses/postgraduate/msc-physician-associate-studies">"MSc Physician Associate Studies"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140826114123/http://www1.plymouth.ac.uk/peninsula/postgraduate/Pages/Taught-postgraduate-programmes.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-08-26. Retrieved 2014-08-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MSc+Physician+Associate+Studies&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.plymouth.ac.uk%2Fcourses%2Fpostgraduate%2Fmsc-physician-associate-studies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reading.ac.uk/">"University of Reading"</a>. University of Reading. Retrieved 5 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+of+Reading&rft.atitle=University+of+Reading&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.reading.ac.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sgul.ac.uk/study/courses/physician-associate-studies">"Physician Associate Studies MPAS"</a>. Sgul.ac.uk. Retrieved 2 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sgul.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Physician+Associate+Studies+MPAS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sgul.ac.uk%2Fstudy%2Fcourses%2Fphysician-associate-studies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.surrey.ac.uk/postgraduate/physician-associate-studies-pgdip">"Postgraduate courses - Physician Associate Studies PGDip"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160405120304/http://www.surrey.ac.uk/postgraduate/physician-associate">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-04-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Postgraduate+courses+-+Physician+Associate+Studies+PGDip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.surrey.ac.uk%2Fpostgraduate%2Fphysician-associate-studies-pgdip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wlv.ac.uk/courses/pgdip-post-graduate-diploma-physician-associate-studies/">"Post Graduate Diploma Physician Associate Studies"</a>. Wlv.ac.uk. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Wolverhampton" title="University of Wolverhampton">University of Wolverhampton</a>. Retrieved 2 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wlv.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Post+Graduate+Diploma+Physician+Associate+Studies&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wlv.ac.uk%2Fcourses%2Fpgdip-post-graduate-diploma-physician-associate-studies%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worc.ac.uk/courses/physician-associate-msc.aspx">"Physician Associate MSc - University of Worcester"</a>. Worc.ac.uk. Retrieved 5 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Worc.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Physician+Associate+MSc+-+University+of+Worcester&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worc.ac.uk%2Fcourses%2Fphysician-associate-msc.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aapa.org/news-central/2021/05/aapa-house-of-delegates-votes-to-change-profession-title-to-physician-associate/">AAPA House of Delegates Votes to Change Profession Title to Physician Associate</a>, American Academy of Physician Associates, 2021-05-24, retrieved 2023-01-02</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=AAPA+House+of+Delegates+Votes+to+Change+Profession+Title+to+Physician+Associate&rft.pub=American+Academy+of+Physician+Associates&rft.date=2021-05-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aapa.org%2Fnews-central%2F2021%2F05%2Faapa-house-of-delegates-votes-to-change-profession-title-to-physician-associate%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aapa.org/title-change/general-faqs/">"General FAQs"</a>, American Academy of Physician Associates, retrieved 2023-01-02</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Academy+of+Physician+Associates&rft.atitle=General+FAQs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aapa.org%2Ftitle-change%2Fgeneral-faqs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScience" class="citation web cs1">Science, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://college.mayo.edu/academics/explore-health-care-careers/careers-a-z/physician-assistant/">"Physician Assistant - Explore Health Care Careers - Mayo Clinic College of Medicine & Science"</a>. Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science. Retrieved 2024-04-06.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mayo+Clinic+College+of+Medicine+and+Science&rft.atitle=Physician+Assistant+-+Explore+Health+Care+Careers+-+Mayo+Clinic+College+of+Medicine+%26+Science&rft.aulast=Science&rft.aufirst=Mayo+Clinic+College+of+Medicine+and&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcollege.mayo.edu%2Facademics%2Fexplore-health-care-careers%2Fcareers-a-z%2Fphysician-assistant%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.apd.army.mil/pdffiles/r40_501.pdf#page=74&zoom=auto,-193,380">""Aeromedical Physician Assistant" Army Regulation 40–501, 6-2.h"</a> (PDF). Apd.army.mil. Retrieved 5 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Apd.army.mil&rft.atitle=%22Aeromedical+Physician+Assistant%22+Army+Regulation+40%E2%80%93501%2C+6-2.h&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.apd.army.mil%2Fpdffiles%2Fr40_501.pdf%23page%3D74%26zoom%3Dauto%2C-193%2C380&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRau2021" class="citation news cs1">Rau, Jordan (December 3, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2021/12/03/1059916872/physician-assistants-want-to-be-called-physician-associates-but-doctors-cry-foul">"Physician assistants want to be called physician associates, but doctors cry foul"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>. Retrieved October 20, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=Physician+assistants+want+to+be+called+physician+associates%2C+but+doctors+cry+foul&rft.date=2021-12-03&rft.aulast=Rau&rft.aufirst=Jordan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fsections%2Fhealth-shots%2F2021%2F12%2F03%2F1059916872%2Fphysician-assistants-want-to-be-called-physician-associates-but-doctors-cry-foul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.westliberty.edu/physician-assistant/about/">"PA Information"</a>. West Liberty University. Retrieved 2013-05-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PA+Information&rft.pub=West+Liberty+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.westliberty.edu%2Fphysician-assistant%2Fabout%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Carter_2001-74"><a href="#cite_ref-Carter_2001_74-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarter2001" class="citation journal cs1">Carter, R. (Spring 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pahx.org/pdf/Military%20Ranks.pdf">"Physician Assistant History"</a> (PDF). Perspective on Physician Assistant Education. 12 (2): 130–132. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1097%2F01367895-200107000-00011">10.1097/01367895-200107000-00011</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Perspective+on+Physician+Assistant+Education&rft.atitle=Physician+Assistant+History&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E130-%3C%2Fspan%3E132&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1097%2F01367895-200107000-00011&rft.aulast=Carter&rft.aufirst=R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pahx.org%2Fpdf%2FMilitary%2520Ranks.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pahx.org/who-are-we">"Who we are:The Society for the Preservation Of Physician Assistant History"</a>. Pahx.org. Retrieved 6 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pahx.org&rft.atitle=Who+we+are%3AThe+Society+for+the+Preservation+Of+Physician+Assistant+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pahx.org%2Fwho-are-we&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-paeaonline.org-76">^ <a href="#cite_ref-paeaonline.org_76-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-paeaonline.org_76-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://directory.paeaonline.org/programs">"PAEA Program Directory"</a>. Directory.paeaonline.org. Retrieved 5 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Directory.paeaonline.org&rft.atitle=PAEA+Program+Directory&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdirectory.paeaonline.org%2Fprograms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061113221713/http://www.aapa.org/gandp/issuebrief/education.pdf">""Issue Brief - Physician Assistant Education: Preparation for Excellence" - AAPA"</a> (PDF). Aapa.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aapa.org/gandp/issuebrief/education.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 2006-11-13. Retrieved 5 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Aapa.org&rft.atitle=%22Issue+Brief+-+Physician+Assistant+Education%3A+Preparation+for+Excellence%22+-+AAPA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aapa.org%2Fgandp%2Fissuebrief%2Feducation.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guidetohealthcareschools.com/degrees/allied-health/physician-assistant">"Physician Assistant"</a>. guidetohealthcareschools. Retrieved 18 January 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Physician+Assistant&rft.pub=guidetohealthcareschools&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guidetohealthcareschools.com%2Fdegrees%2Fallied-health%2Fphysician-assistant&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCawley2012" class="citation journal cs1">Cawley JF (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journalofethics.ama-assn.org/article/physician-assistants-and-their-role-primary-care/2012-05">"Physician Assistants and Their Role in Primary Care"</a>. AMA Journal of Ethics. 14 (5): 411–414. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1001%2Fvirtualmentor.2012.14.5.pfor2-1205">10.1001/virtualmentor.2012.14.5.pfor2-1205</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23351209">23351209</a>. Retrieved 5 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AMA+Journal+of+Ethics&rft.atitle=Physician+Assistants+and+Their+Role+in+Primary+Care&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E411-%3C%2Fspan%3E414&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1001%2Fvirtualmentor.2012.14.5.pfor2-1205&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23351209&rft.aulast=Cawley&rft.aufirst=JF&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournalofethics.ama-assn.org%2Farticle%2Fphysician-assistants-and-their-role-primary-care%2F2012-05&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080303195642/http://www.appap.org/index1.html">"The Association of Postgraduate PA Programs (APPAP)"</a>. Appap.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.appap.org/index1.html">the original</a> on 2008-03-03. Retrieved 5 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Appap.org&rft.atitle=The+Association+of+Postgraduate+PA+Programs+%28APPAP%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.appap.org%2Findex1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Polansky_2007_100–108-81">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Polansky_2007_100%E2%80%93108_81-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Polansky_2007_100%E2%80%93108_81-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Polansky_2007_100%E2%80%93108_81-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPolansky2007" class="citation journal cs1">Polansky, Maura (2007). "A Historical Perspective on Postgraduate Physician Assistant Education and the Association of Postgraduate Physician Assistant Programs". Journal of Physician Assistant Education. 18 (3): 100–108. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1097%2F01367895-200718030-00014">10.1097/01367895-200718030-00014</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Physician+Assistant+Education&rft.atitle=A+Historical+Perspective+on+Postgraduate+Physician+Assistant+Education+and+the+Association+of+Postgraduate+Physician+Assistant+Programs.&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E100-%3C%2Fspan%3E108&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1097%2F01367895-200718030-00014&rft.aulast=Polansky&rft.aufirst=Maura&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Polansky_2012_39–45-82"><a href="#cite_ref-Polansky_2012_39%E2%80%9345_82-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPolanskyGarver_GJWilson_LNPugh_M2012" class="citation journal cs1">Polansky, Maura; Garver GJ; Wilson LN; Pugh M; Hilton G (2012). "Postgraduate clinical education of physician assistants". J Physician Assist Educ. 23 (1): 39–45. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1097%2F01367895-201223010-00008">10.1097/01367895-201223010-00008</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22479907">22479907</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24895570">24895570</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J+Physician+Assist+Educ&rft.atitle=Postgraduate+clinical+education+of+physician+assistants.&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E39-%3C%2Fspan%3E45&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A24895570%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22479907&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1097%2F01367895-201223010-00008&rft.aulast=Polansky&rft.aufirst=Maura&rft.au=Garver+GJ&rft.au=Wilson+LN&rft.au=Pugh+M&rft.au=Hilton+G&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071217013701/http://www.nccpa.net/EX_pance.aspx">""Physician Assistant National Certifying Exam (PANCE)" - National Commission on Certification of Physician Assistants (NCCPA)"</a>. Nccpa.net. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nccpa.net/EX_pance.aspx">the original</a> on 2007-12-17. Retrieved 5 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nccpa.net&rft.atitle=%22Physician+Assistant+National+Certifying+Exam+%28PANCE%29%22+-+National+Commission+on+Certification+of+Physician+Assistants+%28NCCPA%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nccpa.net%2FEX_pance.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nccpa.net/ContinuingMedicalEducation">"About CME Requirements"</a>. National Commission on Certification of Physician Assistants. NCCPA. Retrieved 5 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Commission+on+Certification+of+Physician+Assistants&rft.atitle=About+CME+Requirements&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nccpa.net%2FContinuingMedicalEducation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081202045954/http://www.aapa.org/newsroom/pa-week.html">"PA Week"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aapa.org/newsroom/pa-week.html">the original</a> on 2008-12-02. Retrieved 2012-08-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PA+Week&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aapa.org%2Fnewsroom%2Fpa-week.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aapa.org/pas-go-beyond/spread-the-word/">"Spread the Word"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Spread+the+Word&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aapa.org%2Fpas-go-beyond%2Fspread-the-word%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140729111325/http://www.aapa.org/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=583">"Professional issues: Scope of practice"</a>. American Academy of Physician Assistants. 7 November 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aapa.org/workarea/downloadasset.aspx?id=583">the original</a> on 29 July 2014. Retrieved 23 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Professional+issues%3A+Scope+of+practice&rft.pub=American+Academy+of+Physician+Assistants&rft.date=2013-11-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aapa.org%2Fworkarea%2Fdownloadasset.aspx%3Fid%3D583&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110616214301/http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/drugreg/practioners/index.html">"DEA Diversion Control Division"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/drugreg/practioners/index.html">the original</a> on 2011-06-16. Retrieved 2011-06-11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DEA+Diversion+Control+Division&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.deadiversion.usdoj.gov%2Fdrugreg%2Fpractioners%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/drugreg/practioners/mlp_by_state.pdf">"Mid-Level Practitioners Authorization by State"</a> (PDF). US Department of Justice Drug Enforcement Administration Diversion Control Division. Retrieved 18 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=US+Department+of+Justice+Drug+Enforcement+Administration+Diversion+Control+Division&rft.atitle=Mid-Level+Practitioners+Authorization+by+State&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deadiversion.usdoj.gov%2Fdrugreg%2Fpractioners%2Fmlp_by_state.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilerGinde2015" class="citation journal cs1">Wiler, JL; Ginde, AA (February 2015). "State laws governing physician assistant practice in the United States and the impact on emergency medicine". Journal of Emergency Medicine. 48 (2): e49-58. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jemermed.2014.09.033">10.1016/j.jemermed.2014.09.033</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25453855">25453855</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Emergency+Medicine&rft.atitle=State+laws+governing+physician+assistant+practice+in+the+United+States+and+the+impact+on+emergency+medicine.&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=e49-58&rft.date=2015-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jemermed.2014.09.033&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25453855&rft.aulast=Wiler&rft.aufirst=JL&rft.au=Ginde%2C+AA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cmfgroup.com/blog/pa/oklahoma-bill-brings-new-opportunities-for-pas/">"Oklahoma Bill Brings New Opportunities for PAs"</a>. cmfgroup.com. CMF Group. June 15, 2020. Retrieved July 13, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cmfgroup.com&rft.atitle=Oklahoma+Bill+Brings+New+Opportunities+for+PAs&rft.date=2020-06-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cmfgroup.com%2Fblog%2Fpa%2Foklahoma-bill-brings-new-opportunities-for-pas%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cmfgroup.com/blog/pa/minnesota-bill-brings-new-opportunities-for-pas/">"Minnesota Bill Brings New Opportunities for PAs"</a>. cmfgroup.com. CMF Group. June 5, 2020. Retrieved July 13, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cmfgroup.com&rft.atitle=Minnesota+Bill+Brings+New+Opportunities+for+PAs&rft.date=2020-06-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cmfgroup.com%2Fblog%2Fpa%2Fminnesota-bill-brings-new-opportunities-for-pas%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nccpa.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Statistical-Profile-of-Certified-PAs-2020.pdf">"Statistical Profile of Certified PAs - Annual Report 2020"</a> (PDF). NCCPA.net. Retrieved 18 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NCCPA.net&rft.atitle=Statistical+Profile+of+Certified+PAs+-+Annual+Report+2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nccpa.net%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2021%2F07%2FStatistical-Profile-of-Certified-PAs-2020.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://money.cnn.com/magazines/moneymag/moneymag_archive/2006/05/01/8375749/index.htm">"50 Best Jobs in America - May 1, 2006"</a>. Money.cnn.com. Retrieved 5 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Money.cnn.com&rft.atitle=50+Best+Jobs+in+America+-+May+1%2C+2006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoney.cnn.com%2Fmagazines%2Fmoneymag%2Fmoneymag_archive%2F2006%2F05%2F01%2F8375749%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://money.cnn.com/magazines/moneymag/bestjobs/2010/snapshots/2.html">"Physician Assistant ranked No. 2"</a>. Money.cnn.com. Retrieved 5 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Money.cnn.com&rft.atitle=Physician+Assistant+ranked+No.+2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoney.cnn.com%2Fmagazines%2Fmoneymag%2Fbestjobs%2F2010%2Fsnapshots%2F2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2012" class="citation news cs1">Smith, Jacquelyn (8 June 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/jacquelynsmith/2012/06/08/the-best-and-worst-masters-degrees-for-jobs-2/">"The Best And Worst Master's Degrees For Jobs"</a>. Forbes. Retrieved 19 February 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=The+Best+And+Worst+Master%27s+Degrees+For+Jobs&rft.date=2012-06-08&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Jacquelyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fjacquelynsmith%2F2012%2F06%2F08%2Fthe-best-and-worst-masters-degrees-for-jobs-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150128202233/http://www.glassdoor.com/blog/jobs-america/">"25 Best Jobs in America for 2015 | Glassdoor Blog"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.glassdoor.com/blog/jobs-america/">the original</a> on 2015-01-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=25+Best+Jobs+in+America+for+2015+%26%23124%3B+Glassdoor+Blog&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.glassdoor.com%2Fblog%2Fjobs-america%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://money.usnews.com/careers/best-jobs/rankings/the-100-best-jobs">"2021's 100 Best Jobs in America - US News Rankings"</a>. money.usnews.com. Retrieved 18 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=money.usnews.com&rft.atitle=2021%27s+100+Best+Jobs+in+America+-+US+News+Rankings&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoney.usnews.com%2Fcareers%2Fbest-jobs%2Frankings%2Fthe-100-best-jobs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19970719214236/http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos081.htm">"Physician Assistants"</a>. 19 July 1997. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos081.htm">the original</a> on 19 July 1997. Retrieved 5 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Physician+Assistants&rft.date=1997-07-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bls.gov%2Foco%2Focos081.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090325055738/http://www.aapa.org/research/Highlights08/2008AAPACensusNationalReport.pdf">"2008 AAPA Physician Assistant Census Report"</a> (PDF). Aapa.org. p. 2. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aapa.org/research/Highlights08/2008AAPACensusNationalReport.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 2009-03-25. Retrieved 5 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Aapa.org&rft.atitle=2008+AAPA+Physician+Assistant+Census+Report&rft.pages=2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aapa.org%2Fresearch%2FHighlights08%2F2008AAPACensusNationalReport.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> which also was the first employer of PAs. Mr. Vic Germino one of the first three graduates was employed by the VA and he remained with the VA for over 25 years.l <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aapa.org/research/Highlights08/2008AAPACensusNationalReport.pdf">2008 AAPA Physician Assistant Census Report.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090325055738/http://www.aapa.org/research/Highlights08/2008AAPACensusNationalReport.pdf">Archived</a> 2009-03-25 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Table 3.4: Number and Percent Distribution of Clinically Practicing Respondents by Primary Work Setting </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aapa.org/research/Highlights08/2008AAPACensusNationalReport.pdf">2008 AAPA Physician Assistant Census Report.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090325055738/http://www.aapa.org/research/Highlights08/2008AAPACensusNationalReport.pdf">Archived</a> 2009-03-25 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Table 3.13: Number and Percent Distribution of Clinically Practicing Respondents by Metropolitan Status and Degree of Rurality of County of Primary Work Site </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/rural-urban-continuum-codes.aspx">"USDA ERS - Rural-Urban Continuum Codes"</a>. Ers.usda.gov. Retrieved 2019-02-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ers.usda.gov&rft.atitle=USDA+ERS+-+Rural-Urban+Continuum+Codes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ers.usda.gov%2Fdata-products%2Frural-urban-continuum-codes.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080528191605/http://medicaleconomics.modernmedicine.com/memag/Medical+Malpractice:+Insurance/Malpractice-Consult-Liability-insurance-for-a-phys/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/118626">""Malpractice Consult: Liability insurance for a physician assistant" - Modern Medicine"</a>. Medicaleconomics.modernmedicine.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://medicaleconomics.modernmedicine.com/memag/Medical+Malpractice:+Insurance/Malpractice-Consult-Liability-insurance-for-a-phys/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/118626">the original</a> on 28 May 2008. Retrieved 5 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Medicaleconomics.modernmedicine.com&rft.atitle=%22Malpractice+Consult%3A+Liability+insurance+for+a+physician+assistant%22+-+Modern+Medicine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmedicaleconomics.modernmedicine.com%2Fmemag%2FMedical%2BMalpractice%3A%2BInsurance%2FMalpractice-Consult-Liability-insurance-for-a-phys%2FArticleStandard%2FArticle%2Fdetail%2F118626&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/physician-assistants.htm#tab-5/">"Physician Assistants" Occupational Outlook Handbook"</a>. bls.gov. Retrieved 17 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bls.gov&rft.atitle=Physician+Assistants%22+Occupational+Outlook+Handbook&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bls.gov%2Fooh%2Fhealthcare%2Fphysician-assistants.htm%23tab-5%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120716142058/http://physician-assistant.advanceweb.com/editorial/content/editorial.aspx?cc=188720">"2008 AAPA Physician Assistant Census Report - Specialty Reports"</a>. Physician-assistant.advanceweb.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://physician-assistant.advanceweb.com/editorial/content/editorial.aspx?cc=188720">the original</a> on 16 July 2012. Retrieved 5 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Physician-assistant.advanceweb.com&rft.atitle=2008+AAPA+Physician+Assistant+Census+Report+-+Specialty+Reports&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fphysician-assistant.advanceweb.com%2Feditorial%2Fcontent%2Feditorial.aspx%3Fcc%3D188720&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/">"U.S. Department of State | Home Page"</a>. State.gov. Retrieved 2019-02-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=State.gov&rft.atitle=U.S.+Department+of+State+%7C+Home+Page&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.state.gov%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-108">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_108-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_108-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180628204919/https://www.cia.gov/careers/search-jobs/support-professional/physician-assistant.html">"Physician Assistant / Nurse Practitioner — Central Intelligence Agency"</a>. Cia.gov. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/careers/search-jobs/support-professional/physician-assistant.html">the original</a> on June 28, 2018. Retrieved 2018-06-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cia.gov&rft.atitle=Physician+Assistant+%2F+Nurse+Practitioner+%E2%80%94+Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fcareers%2Fsearch-jobs%2Fsupport-professional%2Fphysician-assistant.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://recruiting.army.mil/">"U.S. Army Recruiting Command"</a>. Recruiting.army.mil. Retrieved 5 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Recruiting.army.mil&rft.atitle=U.S.+Army+Recruiting+Command&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frecruiting.army.mil%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://recruiting.army.mil/armypa/becomePA/">"Becoming an Army Physician Assistant (PA)"</a>. recruiting.army.mil. Retrieved 2019-10-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=recruiting.army.mil&rft.atitle=Becoming+an+Army+Physician+Assistant+%28PA%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frecruiting.army.mil%2Farmypa%2FbecomePA%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160201080824/http://cfr.regstoday.com/46cfr11.aspx#46_CFR_11p807">"Code of Federal Regulations"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cfr.regstoday.com/46cfr11.aspx#46_CFR_11p807">the original</a> on 2016-02-01.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Code+of+Federal+Regulations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcfr.regstoday.com%2F46cfr11.aspx%2346_CFR_11p807&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeMariaCherryTreusdell1971" class="citation journal cs1">DeMaria WJ, Cherry WA, Treusdell DH (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1937084">"Evaluation of the marine physician assistant program"</a>. HSMHA Health Rep. 86 (3): 195–201. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F4594129">10.2307/4594129</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4594129">4594129</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1937084">1937084</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4396133">4396133</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=HSMHA+Health+Rep&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+the+marine+physician+assistant+program&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E195-%3C%2Fspan%3E201&rft.date=1971&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1937084%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F4396133&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4594129%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F4594129&rft.aulast=DeMaria&rft.aufirst=WJ&rft.au=Cherry%2C+WA&rft.au=Treusdell%2C+DH&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1937084&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://world.kbs.co.kr/service/news_view.htm?lang=e&Seq_Code=187583">Nursing Act Passes, Formalizing Role of Physician Assistants</a> 2024/08/28, KBS </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDankers-de_Marivan_VughtViseeLaurant2023" class="citation journal cs1">Dankers-de Mari, Ellen J. C. M.; van Vught, Anneke J. A. H.; Visee, Hetty C.; Laurant, Miranda G. H.; Batenburg, Ronald; Jeurissen, Patrick P. T. (2023-06-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10242803">"The influence of government policies on the nurse practitioner and physician assistant workforce in the Netherlands, 2000–2022: a multimethod approach study"</a>. BMC Health Services Research. 23 (1): 580. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs12913-023-09568-4">10.1186/s12913-023-09568-4</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1472-6963">1472-6963</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10242803">10242803</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37280653">37280653</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMC+Health+Services+Research&rft.atitle=The+influence+of+government+policies+on+the+nurse+practitioner+and+physician+assistant+workforce+in+the+Netherlands%2C+2000%E2%80%932022%3A+a+multimethod+approach+study&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=580&rft.date=2023-06-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC10242803%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=1472-6963&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F37280653&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2Fs12913-023-09568-4&rft.aulast=Dankers-de+Mari&rft.aufirst=Ellen+J.+C.+M.&rft.au=van+Vught%2C+Anneke+J.+A.+H.&rft.au=Visee%2C+Hetty+C.&rft.au=Laurant%2C+Miranda+G.+H.&rft.au=Batenburg%2C+Ronald&rft.au=Jeurissen%2C+Patrick+P.+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC10242803&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRadiDentAllenAnderson2023" class="citation journal cs1">Radi, Joshua K.; Dent, Robert A.; Allen, Cesar A.; Anderson, Jeffrey A.; Atkins, J. Brandon; Schneider, Matthew (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37042506/">"Combating Fentanyl: National Guard Physician Assistants on the Front Lines of America's War Against Synthetic Opioids"</a>. Medical Journal (Fort Sam Houston, Tex.) (Per 23-4/5/6): 50–59. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2694-3611">2694-3611</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37042506">37042506</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Medical+Journal+%28Fort+Sam+Houston%2C+Tex.%29&rft.atitle=Combating+Fentanyl%3A+National+Guard+Physician+Assistants+on+the+Front+Lines+of+America%27s+War+Against+Synthetic+Opioids&rft.issue=Per+23-4%2F5%2F6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E50-%3C%2Fspan%3E59&rft.date=2023&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F37042506&rft.issn=2694-3611&rft.aulast=Radi&rft.aufirst=Joshua+K.&rft.au=Dent%2C+Robert+A.&rft.au=Allen%2C+Cesar+A.&rft.au=Anderson%2C+Jeffrey+A.&rft.au=Atkins%2C+J.+Brandon&rft.au=Schneider%2C+Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F37042506%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhysician+assistant" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Physician_assistant&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 30px;height: 40px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="30" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Physician_assistants" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Physician assistants">Physician assistants</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aapa.org/">American Academy of Physician Associates (AAPA)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.paeaonline.org/">Physician Assistant Education Association</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nccpa.net/">National Commission on Certification of Physician Assistants (NCCPA)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arc-pa.org/">Accreditation Review Commission on Education for the Physician Assistant (ARC-PA)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.capa-acam.ca/">Canadian Association of Physician Assistants CAPA</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fparcp.co.uk/">The Faculty of Physician Associates at the Royal College of Physicians (FPA)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130622024612/http://physicianassistant.co.il/">Israeli Association of Physician Assistants</a></li> <li>NCAHP, MOHFW, Government of India:: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://ncahp.abdm.gov.in/">https://ncahp.abdm.gov.in/</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">dead link</a>‍]</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portal</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><noscript><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/WHO_Rod.svg/8px-WHO_Rod.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="19" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="107" data-file-height="250"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 8px;height: 19px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/WHO_Rod.svg/8px-WHO_Rod.svg.png" data-alt="icon" data-width="8" data-height="19" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/WHO_Rod.svg/12px-WHO_Rod.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/WHO_Rod.svg/16px-WHO_Rod.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Portal:Medicine" title="Portal:Medicine">Medicine</a></li></ul></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=mobile&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Physician_assistant&oldid=1274312553">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Physician_assistant&oldid=1274312553</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Physician_assistant&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 6 February 2025, at 16:51 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF_%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8" title="مساعد طبيب – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مساعد طبيب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arztassistent" title="Arztassistent – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Arztassistent" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asociado_m%C3%A9dico" title="Asociado médico – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Asociado médico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%98%EC%82%AC_%EB%B3%B4%EC%A1%B0%EC%82%AC" title="의사 보조사 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="의사 보조사" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physician_assistant" title="Physician assistant – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Physician assistant" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physician_associate" title="Physician associate – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Physician associate" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physician_assistant" title="Physician assistant – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Physician assistant" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A4karassistent" title="Läkarassistent – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Läkarassistent" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 6 February 2025, at 16:51 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-terms-use"><a href="https://foundation.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Terms of Use</a></li> <li id="footer-places-desktop-toggle"><a id="mw-mf-display-toggle" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Physician_assistant&mobileaction=toggle_view_desktop" data-event-name="switch_to_desktop">Desktop</a></li> </ul> </div> </footer> </div> </div> <div class="mw-notification-area" data-mw="interface"></div>  <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-8568cbfbb4-c892l","wgBackendResponseTime":249,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.018","walltime":"1.221","ppvisitednodes":{"value":11216,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":282296,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":23904,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":23,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":19,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":391239,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1096.883 1 -total"," 47.42% 520.179 1 Template:Reflist"," 29.94% 328.356 82 Template:Cite_web"," 15.34% 168.236 24 Template:Citation_needed"," 14.27% 156.571 25 Template:Fix"," 7.93% 87.011 1 Template:Short_description"," 7.65% 83.898 16 Template:Cite_journal"," 5.90% 64.746 1 Template:Multiple_issues"," 4.96% 54.390 1 Template:Commons_category"," 4.78% 52.451 52 Template:Category_handler"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.625","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":6728571,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-9664bf54d-vv6rs","timestamp":"20250210164151","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Physician assistant","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Physician_assistant","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q718927","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q718927","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-02-20T21:49:37Z","dateModified":"2025-02-06T16:51:48Z","headline":"medical profession"}</script><script>(window.NORLQ=window.NORLQ||[]).push(function(){var ns,i,p,img;ns=document.getElementsByTagName('noscript');for(i=0;i<ns.length;i++){p=ns[i].nextSibling;if(p&&p.className&&p.className.indexOf('lazy-image-placeholder')>-1){img=document.createElement('img');img.setAttribute('src',p.getAttribute('data-src'));img.setAttribute('width',p.getAttribute('data-width'));img.setAttribute('height',p.getAttribute('data-height'));img.setAttribute('alt',p.getAttribute('data-alt'));p.parentNode.replaceChild(img,p);}}});</script> </body> </html>