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aria-controls="toc-Definitions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Definitions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Definitions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tourism_products" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism_products"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Tourism products</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism_products-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>International tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Basis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Basis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Basis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Basis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ancient" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Ancient</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medieval" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medieval"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Medieval</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medieval-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grand_Tour" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grand_Tour"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Grand Tour</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grand_Tour-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Emergence_of_leisure_travel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Emergence_of_leisure_travel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Emergence of leisure travel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Emergence_of_leisure_travel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economic_significance_of_tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_significance_of_tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economic significance of tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_significance_of_tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism,_cultural_heritage_and_UNESCO" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism,_cultural_heritage_and_UNESCO"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Tourism, cultural heritage and UNESCO</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism,_cultural_heritage_and_UNESCO-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cruise_ships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cruise_ships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Cruise ships</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cruise_ships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_day_tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_day_tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Modern day tourism</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Modern_day_tourism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Modern day tourism subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Modern_day_tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mass_tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mass_tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Mass tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mass_tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Niche_tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Niche_tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Niche tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Niche_tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Winter_tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Winter_tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Winter tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Winter_tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recent_developments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recent_developments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Recent developments</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Recent_developments-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Recent developments subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Recent_developments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sustainable_tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sustainable_tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Sustainable tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sustainable_tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ecotourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecotourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Ecotourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ecotourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Volunteer_tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Volunteer_tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Volunteer tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Volunteer_tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pro-poor_tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pro-poor_tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>Pro-poor tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pro-poor_tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recession_tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recession_tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.5</span> <span>Recession tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recession_tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medical_tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medical_tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.6</span> <span>Medical tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medical_tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Educational_tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Educational_tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.7</span> <span>Educational tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Educational_tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Event_tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Event_tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.8</span> <span>Event tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Event_tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Creative_tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Creative_tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.9</span> <span>Creative tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Creative_tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Experiential_tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Experiential_tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.10</span> <span>Experiential tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Experiential_tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dark_tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dark_tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.11</span> <span>Dark tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dark_tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social_tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.12</span> <span>Social tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Doom_tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Doom_tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.13</span> <span>Doom tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Doom_tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religious_tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious_tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.14</span> <span>Religious tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religious_tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-DNA_tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#DNA_tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.15</span> <span>DNA tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-DNA_tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sleep_tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sleep_tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.16</span> <span>Sleep tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sleep_tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Impacts_on_destinations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Impacts_on_destinations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Impacts on destinations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Impacts_on_destinations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism_industry_growth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism_industry_growth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Tourism industry growth</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tourism_industry_growth-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Tourism industry growth subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tourism_industry_growth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Liabilities_and_insurance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liabilities_and_insurance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Liabilities and insurance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liabilities_and_insurance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Space_tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Space_tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Space tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Space_tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports_tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports_tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3</span> <span>Sports tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports_tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Security_in_Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Security_in_Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.4</span> <span>Security in Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Security_in_Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Impacts_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Impacts_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.5</span> <span>Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Impacts_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 148 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-148" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">148 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toerisme" title="Toerisme – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Toerisme" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourismus" title="Tourismus – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Tourismus" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%89%E1%8B%9E_(%E1%89%B1%E1%88%AA%E1%8B%9D%E1%88%9D)" title="ጉዞ (ቱሪዝም) – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ጉዞ (ቱሪዝም)" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%A9" title="سياحة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سياحة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turismo" title="Turismo – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Turismo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turizmo" title="Turizmo – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Turizmo" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourismo" title="Tourismo – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Tourismo" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%A8" title="পৰ্যটন – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="পৰ্যটন" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turismu" title="Turismu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Turismu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turizm" title="Turizm – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Turizm" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%85" title="توریزم – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="توریزم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%A8" title="পর্যটন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পর্যটন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koan-kong" title="Koan-kong – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Koan-kong" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Туризм – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Туризм" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Турызм – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Турызм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Турызм – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Турызм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8" title="पर्यटन – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="पर्यटन" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turismo" title="Turismo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Turismo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Туризъм – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Туризъм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turizam" title="Turizam – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Turizam" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Touristerezh" title="Touristerezh – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Touristerezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turisme" title="Turisme – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Turisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turismo" title="Turismo – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Turismo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turistika" title="Turistika – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Turistika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twristiaeth" title="Twristiaeth – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Twristiaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turisme" title="Turisme – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Turisme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourismus" title="Tourismus – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tourismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turism" title="Turism – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Turism" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Τουρισμός – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τουρισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turismo" title="Turismo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Turismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turismo" title="Turismo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Turismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turismo" title="Turismo – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Turismo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B4%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="گردشگری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گردشگری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fer%C3%B0avinna" title="Ferðavinna – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Ferðavinna" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourisme" title="Tourisme – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tourisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toerisme" title="Toerisme – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Toerisme" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turisim" title="Turisim – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Turisim" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turas%C3%B3ireacht" title="Turasóireacht – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Turasóireacht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turrysid" title="Turrysid – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Turrysid" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turasachd" title="Turasachd – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Turasachd" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turismo" title="Turismo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Turismo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AA%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%9F%E0%AA%A8" title="પર્યટન – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="પર્યટન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B4%80%EA%B4%91" title="관광 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="관광" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yawon_bude_ido" title="Yawon bude ido – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Yawon bude ido" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%8Cl%CA%BBiaimi" title="Ōlʻiaimi – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Ōlʻiaimi" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%B4" title="Տուրիզմ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տուրիզմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8" title="पर्यटन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पर्यटन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turizam" title="Turizam – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Turizam" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turismo" title="Turismo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Turismo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pariwisata" title="Pariwisata – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pariwisata" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourismo" title="Tourismo – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Tourismo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turisme" title="Turisme – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Turisme" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukhenketho" title="Ukhenketho – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Ukhenketho" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fer%C3%B0amennska" title="Ferðamennska – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ferðamennska" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turismo" title="Turismo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Turismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA" title="תיירות – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תיירות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pariwisata" title="Pariwisata – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Pariwisata" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%AE" title="ಪ್ರವಾಸೋದ್ಯಮ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪ್ರವಾಸೋದ್ಯಮ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ტურიზმი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტურიზმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Туризм – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Туризм" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utalii" title="Utalii – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Utalii" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Touris" title="Touris – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Touris" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourism" title="Tourism – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Tourism" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tur%C3%AEzm" title="Turîzm – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Turîzm" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Туризм – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Туризм" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turism" title="Turism – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Turism" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%97%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%97%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%A7" title="ການທ່ອງທ່ຽວ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ການທ່ອງທ່ຽວ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periegesis" title="Periegesis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Periegesis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%ABrisms" title="Tūrisms – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tūrisms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourismus" title="Tourismus – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Tourismus" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turizmas" title="Turizmas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Turizmas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turiximo" title="Turiximo – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Turiximo" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toerisme" title="Toerisme – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Toerisme" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turisme" title="Turisme – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Turisme" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turizmus" title="Turizmus – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Turizmus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8" title="पर्यटन – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="पर्यटन" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Туризам – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Туризам" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizah%C3%A0n-tany" title="Fizahàn-tany – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fizahàn-tany" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="വിനോദസഞ്ചാരം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വിനോദസഞ്ചാരം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8" title="पर्यटन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पर्यटन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ტურიზმი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ტურიზმი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%87" title="سياحه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سياحه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%9D_%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%A2%EA%AF%95" title="ꯂꯝ ꯀꯣꯢꯕ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯂꯝ ꯀꯣꯢꯕ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%87%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Жуулчлал – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Жуулчлал" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%99%E1%80%B9%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BE%E1%80%8A%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%81%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%80%BD%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8_%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AF%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ကမ္ဘာလှည့် ခရီးသွား လုပ်ငန်း – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကမ္ဘာလှည့် ခရီးသွား လုပ်ငန်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toerisme" title="Toerisme – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Toerisme" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toerisme" title="Toerisme – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Toerisme" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8" title="पर्यटन – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पर्यटन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8" title="पर्यटन – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="पर्यटन" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A6%B3%E5%85%89" title="観光 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="観光" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turismo" title="Turismo – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Turismo" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A4%C3%A4menferkiar" title="Fräämenferkiar – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Fräämenferkiar" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turisme" title="Turisme – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Turisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turisme" title="Turisme – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Turisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourisme" title="Tourisme – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Tourisme" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torisme" title="Torisme – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Torisme" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daawwii(Tourism)" title="Daawwii(Tourism) – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Daawwii(Tourism)" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turizm" title="Turizm – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Turizm" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%AE" title="ਟੂਰਿਜ਼ਮ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਟੂਰਿਜ਼ਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turismo" title="Turismo – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Turismo" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%DA%81%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%8A" title="گرځندويي – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="گرځندويي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%8D" title="ទេសចរណ៍ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ទេសចរណ៍" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turisim" title="Turisim – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Turisim" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turystyka" title="Turystyka – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Turystyka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turismo" title="Turismo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Turismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turizm" title="Turizm – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Turizm" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turism" title="Turism – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Turism" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karu_puriy" title="Karu puriy – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Karu puriy" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Туристика – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Туристика" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Туризм – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Туризм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Туризм – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Туризм" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/piliwkuan" title="piliwkuan – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="piliwkuan" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="पर्यटनम् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="पर्यटनम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turismu" title="Turismu – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Turismu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourism" title="Tourism – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Tourism" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turizmi" title="Turizmi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Turizmi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turismu" title="Turismu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Turismu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%A0%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%9A_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%BA" title="සංචාරක කර්මාන්තය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සංචාරක කර්මාන්තය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourism" title="Tourism – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tourism" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turistika" title="Turistika – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Turistika" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turizem" title="Turizem – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Turizem" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%95%D8%B4%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="گەشتیاری – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گەشتیاری" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Туризам – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Туризам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turizam" title="Turizam – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Turizam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matkailu" title="Matkailu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Matkailu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turism" title="Turism – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Turism" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turismo" title="Turismo – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Turismo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE" title="சுற்றுலா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சுற்றுலா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamallayt" title="Tamallayt – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tamallayt" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Туризм – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Туризм" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A7" title="การท่องเที่ยว – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การท่องเที่ยว" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turizm" title="Turizm – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Turizm" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sy%C3%BDahat%C3%A7ylyk" title="Syýahatçylyk – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Syýahatçylyk" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nsrahw%C9%9B" title="Nsrahwɛ – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Nsrahwɛ" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Туризм – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Туризм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA" title="سیاحت – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سیاحت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torismo" title="Torismo – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Torismo" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Du_l%E1%BB%8Bch" title="Du lịch – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Du lịch" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turism" title="Turism – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Turism" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourisse" title="Tourisse – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Tourisse" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turismo" title="Turismo – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Turismo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%85%E6%B8%B8" title="旅游 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="旅游" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" title="טוריזם – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="טוריזם" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%85%E9%81%8A" title="旅遊 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="旅遊" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turizm" title="Turizm – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Turizm" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Travel for recreational or leisure purposes</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span>For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Tourism_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Tourism (disambiguation)">Tourism (disambiguation)</a>.</span> <span>"Tourist" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Tourist_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Tourist (disambiguation)">Tourist (disambiguation)</a>.</span></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Delphi_BW_2017-10-08_11-38-38.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Delphi_BW_2017-10-08_11-38-38.jpg/330px-Delphi_BW_2017-10-08_11-38-38.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Delphi_BW_2017-10-08_11-38-38.jpg/495px-Delphi_BW_2017-10-08_11-38-38.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Delphi_BW_2017-10-08_11-38-38.jpg/660px-Delphi_BW_2017-10-08_11-38-38.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5960" data-file-height="3892" /></a><figcaption>Tourists at the <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Apollo_(Delphi)" title="Temple of Apollo (Delphi)">Temple of Apollo</a>, Delphi, Greece</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Tourism</b> is <a href="/wiki/Travel" title="Travel">travel</a> for <a href="/wiki/Pleasure" title="Pleasure">pleasure</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Commerce" title="Commerce">commercial activity</a> of providing and supporting such travel.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/World_Tourism_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="World Tourism Organization">UN Tourism</a> defines tourism more generally, in terms which go "beyond the common perception of tourism as being limited to <a href="/wiki/Holiday" title="Holiday">holiday</a> activity only", as people "travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for <a href="/wiki/Leisure" title="Leisure">leisure</a> and not less than 24 hours, business and other purposes".<sup id="cite_ref-unwto1034_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unwto1034-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tourism can be <a href="/wiki/Domestic_tourism" title="Domestic tourism">domestic</a> (within the traveller's own country) or <a href="/wiki/International_tourism" title="International tourism">international</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_tourism" title="International tourism">International tourism</a> has both incoming and outgoing implications on a country's <a href="/wiki/Balance_of_payments" title="Balance of payments">balance of payments</a>. </p><p>Between the second half of 2008 and the end of 2009 tourism numbers declined as a result of a strong <a href="/wiki/Economy" title="Economy">economic</a> slowdown (see <a href="/wiki/Great_Recession" title="Great Recession">Great Recession</a>), and in consequence of the outbreak of the 2009 <a href="/wiki/2009_flu_pandemic" class="mw-redirect" title="2009 flu pandemic">H1N1 influenza virus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Barom2009_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barom2009-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WTOaugust10_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WTOaugust10-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These numbers, however, recovered until the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> put an abrupt end to the growth.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2025)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_World_Tourism_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations World Tourism Organization">United Nations World Tourism Organization</a> has estimated that global international tourist arrivals might have decreased by 58% to 78% in 2020, leading to a potential loss of US$0.9–1.2 <a href="/wiki/Trillion" title="Trillion">trillion</a> in international tourism receipts.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Globally, international tourism receipts (the travel item in the balance of payments) grew to <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$1.03</span> trillion (<span class="nowrap">€740</span> billion) in 2005, corresponding to an increase in <a href="/wiki/Real_versus_nominal_value_(economics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Real versus nominal value (economics)">real terms</a> of 3.8% from 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-pr12027_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pr12027-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> International tourist arrivals surpassed the milestone of 1 billion tourists globally for the first time in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-Barom2012_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barom2012-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Emerging source markets such as <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> had significantly increased their spending over the previous decade.<sup id="cite_ref-Barom201304_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barom201304-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Global tourism accounts for <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 8% of global <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse-gas" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenhouse-gas">greenhouse-gas</a> emissions.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Emissions as well as other significant environmental and social impacts are not always beneficial to local communities and their economies. For this reason, many tourist development organizations have begun to focus on <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_tourism" title="Sustainable tourism">sustainable tourism</a> to mitigate the negative effects caused by the <a href="/wiki/Impacts_of_tourism" title="Impacts of tourism">growing impact of tourism</a>. The United Nations World Tourism Organization emphasized these practices by promoting tourism as part of the <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goals" title="Sustainable Development Goals">Sustainable Development Goals</a>, through programs such as the <a href="/wiki/International_Year_for_Sustainable_Tourism_for_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="International Year for Sustainable Tourism for Development">International Year for Sustainable Tourism for Development</a> in 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tourism has reached new dimensions with the emerging industry of <a href="/wiki/Space_tourism" title="Space tourism">space tourism</a>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Cruise_ship" title="Cruise ship">cruise ship</a> industry. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/English-language" class="mw-redirect" title="English-language">English-language</a> word <i>tourist</i> was used in 1772<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>tourism</i> in 1811.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These words derive from the word <i>tour</i>, which comes from <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> <span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text"><i lang="ang">turian</i></span>, from Old French <span title="Old French (842-ca. 1400)-language text"><i lang="fro">torner</i></span>, from Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">tornare</i></span> - "to turn on a lathe", which is itself from <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc">tornos</i></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">τόρνος</span></span>) - "lathe".<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definitions">Definitions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Definitions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1936, the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a> defined a <i>foreign tourist</i> as "someone traveling abroad for at least twenty-four hours". Its successor, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>, amended this definition in 1945, by including a maximum stay of six months.<sup id="cite_ref-theobald_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theobald-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1941, Hunziker and Kraft defined tourism as "the sum of the phenomena and relationships arising from the travel and stay of non-residents, insofar as they do not lead to <a href="/wiki/Permanent_residency" title="Permanent residency">permanent residence</a> and are not connected with any earning activity."<sup id="cite_ref-1941define_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1941define-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1976, the Tourism Society of England's definition was: "Tourism is the temporary, short-term movement of people to <a href="/wiki/Tourist_destination" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourist destination">destinations</a> outside the places where they normally live and work and their activities during the stay at each destination. It includes movements for all purposes."<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1981, the <a href="/wiki/International_Association_of_Scientific_Experts_in_Tourism" title="International Association of Scientific Experts in Tourism">International Association of Scientific Experts in Tourism</a> defined tourism in terms of particular activities chosen and undertaken outside the home.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1994, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> identified three forms of tourism in its <i>Recommendations on Tourism Statistics</i>:<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_tourism" title="Domestic tourism">Domestic tourism</a>, involving residents of the given country traveling only within this country</li> <li>Inbound tourism,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> involving non-residents traveling in the given country</li> <li>Outbound tourism, involving residents traveling in another country</li></ul> <p>Other groupings derived from the above grouping:<sup id="cite_ref-glo_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-glo-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>National tourism, a combination of domestic and outbound tourism</li> <li>Regional tourism, a combination of domestic and inbound tourism</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_tourism" title="International tourism">International tourism</a>, a combination of inbound and outbound tourism</li></ul> <p>The terms <i>tourism</i> and <i>travel</i> are sometimes used interchangeably. In this context, travel has a similar definition to tourism but implies a more purposeful journey. The terms <i>tourism</i> and <i>tourist</i> are sometimes used pejoratively, to imply a shallow interest in the cultures or locations visited. By contrast, <i>traveller</i> is often used as a sign of distinction. The sociology of tourism has studied the cultural values underpinning these distinctions and their implications for class relations.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%C5%8Carai.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/%C5%8Carai.jpg/220px-%C5%8Carai.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/%C5%8Carai.jpg/330px-%C5%8Carai.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/%C5%8Carai.jpg/440px-%C5%8Carai.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>The first sunrise seen from the <a href="/wiki/Torii" title="Torii">torii</a> gate on the sea, which is considered a sacred place (<a href="/wiki/%C5%8Carai,_Ibaraki" title="Ōarai, Ibaraki">Ōarai in Japan</a>)</figcaption></figure><p>There are many varieties of tourism. Of those types, there are multiple forms of outdoor-oriented tourism. Outdoor tourism is generally categorized into nature, eco, and adventure tourism (NEAT). These categories share many similarities but also have specific unique characteristics. <a href="/wiki/Nature_tourism" class="mw-redirect" title="Nature tourism">Nature tourism</a> generally encompasses tourism activities that would take place outside. Nature tourism appeals to a large audience of tourists and many may not know they are participating in this form of tourism. This type of tourism has a low barrier to entry and is accessible to a large population. <a href="/wiki/Ecotourism" title="Ecotourism">Ecotourism</a> focuses on education, maintaining a social responsibility for the community and the environment, as well as centering economic growth around the local economy. Weaver describes ecotourism as <a href="/wiki/Sustainability" title="Sustainability">sustainable</a> nature-based tourism.<sup id="cite_ref-Weaver_2008_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weaver_2008-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ecotourism is more specific than nature tourism and works toward accomplishing a specific goal through the outdoors. Finally, we have adventure tourism. <a href="/wiki/Adventure_travel" title="Adventure travel">Adventure tourism</a> is the most extreme of the categories and includes participation in activities and sports that require a level of skill or experience, risk, and physical exertion.<sup id="cite_ref-Weaver_2008_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weaver_2008-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Adventure tourism often appeals less to the general public than nature and ecotourism and tends to draw in individuals who partake in such activities with limited marketing. </p><p>It is important to understand that these definitions may vary. Perceived risk in adventure tourism is subjective and may change for each individual. </p><p>Examples of these tourism types include... </p><p>Nature tourism </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hiking" title="Hiking">Hiking</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walking" title="Walking">walking</a>, <a href="/wiki/Camping" title="Camping">camping</a></li></ul> <p>Ecotourism </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tour_guide" title="Tour guide">Guided tours</a> focusing on educating, <a href="/wiki/Summer_camp" title="Summer camp">summer camps</a>, outdoor classes</li></ul> <p>Adventure tourism </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rafting" title="Rafting">White water rafting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ice_climbing" title="Ice climbing">ice climbing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mountaineering" title="Mountaineering">mountaineering</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism_products">Tourism products</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Tourism products"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/UN_Tourism" title="UN Tourism">World Tourism Organization</a>, a tourism product is:<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"a combination of tangible and intangible elements, such as natural, cultural, and man-made resources, attractions, facilities, services and activities around a specific center of interest which represents the core of the destination marketing mix and creates an overall visitor experience including emotional aspects for the potential customers. A tourism product is priced and sold through distribution channels and it has a life-cycle".</p></blockquote> <p>Tourism product covers a wide variety of services including:<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Accommodation services from low-cost <a href="/wiki/Homestay" title="Homestay">homestays</a> to five-star hotels</li> <li>Hospitality services including food and <a href="/wiki/Drink" title="Drink">beverage</a> serving centers</li> <li>Health care services like massages</li> <li>All modes of transport, its booking and rental</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_agencies" class="mw-redirect" title="Travel agencies">Travel agencies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guided_tours" class="mw-redirect" title="Guided tours">guided tours</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tourist_guide" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourist guide">tourist guides</a></li> <li>Cultural services such as religious monuments, <a href="/wiki/Museum" title="Museum">museums</a>, and historical places</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shopping" title="Shopping">Shopping</a></li> <li>Additional travel services like <a href="/wiki/Airport_parking" class="mw-redirect" title="Airport parking">airport parking</a>, <a href="/wiki/Airport_Hotels" class="mw-redirect" title="Airport Hotels">airport hotels</a> and <a href="/wiki/Travel_insurance" title="Travel insurance">travel insurance</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_tourism">International tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: International tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:International-tourist-arrivals-by-world-region.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/International-tourist-arrivals-by-world-region.svg/220px-International-tourist-arrivals-by-world-region.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/International-tourist-arrivals-by-world-region.svg/330px-International-tourist-arrivals-by-world-region.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/International-tourist-arrivals-by-world-region.svg/440px-International-tourist-arrivals-by-world-region.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>International tourist arrivals per year by region</figcaption></figure> <p>International tourism is tourism that crosses national borders. <a href="/wiki/Globalisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Globalisation">Globalisation</a> has made tourism a popular global leisure activity. The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people "traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes".<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (WHO) estimates that up to 500,000 people are in flight at any one time.<sup id="cite_ref-theguardian.com_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theguardian.com-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2010, international tourism reached US$919B, growing 6.5% over 2009, corresponding to an increase in real terms of 4.7%.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2010, there were over 940 million international tourist arrivals worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-WTO2011Highlights_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WTO2011Highlights-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 2016 that number had risen to 1,235 million, producing $1.22 trillion USD in destination spending.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a> crisis had significant negative effects on international tourism significantly slowing the overall increasing trend. </p><p><a href="/wiki/International_tourism" title="International tourism">International tourism</a> has significant impacts on the environment, exacerbated in part by the problems created by <a href="/wiki/Air_travel" title="Air travel">air travel</a> but also by other issues, including wealthy tourists bringing lifestyles that stress local infrastructure, water and trash systems among others. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Basis">Basis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Basis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tourism typically requires the tourist to feel engaged in a genuine experience of the location they are visiting. According to Dean MacCannell, tourism requires that the tourist can view the toured area as both authentic and different from their own lived experience.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 113">: 113 </span></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (November 2021)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> By viewing the "exotic," tourists learn what they themselves are not: that is, they are "un-exotic," or normal.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (November 2021)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>According to MacCannell, all modern tourism experiences the "authentic" and "exotic" as "developmentally inferior" to the modern—that is, to the lived experience of the tourist.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 114">: 114 </span></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (November 2021)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient">Ancient</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Ancient"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Travel_literature" title="Travel literature">Travel literature</a></div><p>Travel outside a person's local area for leisure was largely confined to wealthy classes, who at times travelled to distant parts of the world, to see great buildings and works of art, <a href="/wiki/Multilingualism" title="Multilingualism">learn new languages</a>, experience new cultures, enjoy pristine nature and to taste different <a href="/wiki/Cuisine" title="Cuisine">cuisines</a>. As early as <a href="/wiki/Shulgi" title="Shulgi">Shulgi</a>, however, kings praised themselves for protecting roads and building way stations for travellers.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Travelling for pleasure can be seen in <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> as early on as 1500 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_ancient_Rome" title="Tourism in ancient Rome">Ancient Roman tourists</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Republic</a> would visit <a href="/wiki/Spa" title="Spa">spas</a> and coastal resorts such as <a href="/wiki/Baiae" title="Baiae">Baiae</a>. They were popular among the rich. The Roman upper class used to spend their free time on land or at sea and travelled to their <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">villa urbana</i></span> or <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">villa maritima</i></span>. Numerous villas were located in <a href="/wiki/Campania" title="Campania">Campania</a>, around <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> and in the northern part of the Adriatic as in <a href="/wiki/Barcola" title="Barcola">Barcola</a> near Trieste. <a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a> wrote his <i><a href="/wiki/Description_of_Greece" title="Description of Greece">Description of Greece</a></i> in the second century AD. In <a href="/wiki/Ancient_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient China">ancient China</a>, nobles sometimes made a point of visiting <a href="/wiki/Mount_Tai" title="Mount Tai">Mount Tai</a> and, on occasion, all <a href="/wiki/Five_Sacred_Mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Five Sacred Mountains">five Sacred Mountains</a>. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medieval">Medieval</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Medieval"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%22A_Tour_Guide_to_the_Famous_Places_of_the_Capital%22_from_Akizato_Rito%27s_Miyako_meisho_zue_(1787).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/%22A_Tour_Guide_to_the_Famous_Places_of_the_Capital%22_from_Akizato_Rito%27s_Miyako_meisho_zue_%281787%29.jpg/220px-%22A_Tour_Guide_to_the_Famous_Places_of_the_Capital%22_from_Akizato_Rito%27s_Miyako_meisho_zue_%281787%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/%22A_Tour_Guide_to_the_Famous_Places_of_the_Capital%22_from_Akizato_Rito%27s_Miyako_meisho_zue_%281787%29.jpg/330px-%22A_Tour_Guide_to_the_Famous_Places_of_the_Capital%22_from_Akizato_Rito%27s_Miyako_meisho_zue_%281787%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/%22A_Tour_Guide_to_the_Famous_Places_of_the_Capital%22_from_Akizato_Rito%27s_Miyako_meisho_zue_%281787%29.jpg/440px-%22A_Tour_Guide_to_the_Famous_Places_of_the_Capital%22_from_Akizato_Rito%27s_Miyako_meisho_zue_%281787%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1107" data-file-height="1445" /></a><figcaption>A Japanese tourist consulting a tour guide and a guide book from Akizato Ritō's <i>Miyako meisho zue</i> (1787)</figcaption></figure><p>By the <a href="/wiki/Post-classical" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-classical">post-classical</a> era, many religions, including <a href="/wiki/Christian_pilgrimage" title="Christian pilgrimage">Christianity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buddhist_pilgrimage" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist pilgrimage">Buddhism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Umrah" title="Umrah">Islam</a> had developed traditions of <a href="/wiki/Pilgrimage" title="Pilgrimage">pilgrimage</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Canterbury_Tales" title="The Canterbury Tales">The Canterbury Tales</a></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1390s</span>), which uses a pilgrimage as a <a href="/wiki/Framing_device" class="mw-redirect" title="Framing device">framing device</a>, remains a classic of <a href="/wiki/English_literature" title="English literature">English literature</a>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Journey_to_the_West" title="Journey to the West">Journey to the West</a></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1592</span>), which holds a seminal place in <a href="/wiki/Chinese_literature" title="Chinese literature">Chinese literature</a>, has a Buddhist pilgrimage at the center of its narrative. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Medieval_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval Italy">medieval Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Petrarch" title="Petrarch">Petrarch</a> wrote an allegorical account of his 1336 <a href="/wiki/Ascent_of_Mont_Ventoux" title="Ascent of Mont Ventoux">ascent of Mont Ventoux</a> that praised the act of travelling and criticized <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">frigida incuriositas</i></span> (a 'cold lack of curiosity'); this account is regarded as one of the first known instances of travel being undertaken for its own sake.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Burgundy" title="Duke of Burgundy">Burgundian</a> poet <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michault_Taillevent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michault Taillevent (page does not exist)">Michault Taillevent</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michault_Taillevent" class="extiw" title="fr:Michault Taillevent">fr</a>]</span> later composed his own horrified recollections of a 1430 trip through the <a href="/wiki/Jura_Mountains" title="Jura Mountains">Jura Mountains</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In China, 'travel record literature' (<span lang="zh-Hant">遊記文學</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">yóujì wénxué</span></i>) became popular during the <a href="/wiki/Song_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Song Dynasty">Song Dynasty</a> (960–1279).<sup id="cite_ref-hargett_67_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hargett_67-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Travel writers such as <a href="/wiki/Fan_Chengda" title="Fan Chengda">Fan Chengda</a> (1126–1193) and <a href="/wiki/Xu_Xiake" title="Xu Xiake">Xu Xiake</a> (1587–1641) incorporated a wealth of <a href="/wiki/Geographical" class="mw-redirect" title="Geographical">geographical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Topographical" class="mw-redirect" title="Topographical">topographical</a> information into their writing, while the 'daytrip essay' <i><a href="/wiki/Su_Shi#Travel_record_literature" title="Su Shi">Record of Stone Bell Mountain</a></i> by the noted poet and statesman <a href="/wiki/Su_Shi" title="Su Shi">Su Shi</a> (1037–1101) presented a philosophical and moral argument as its central purpose. <sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Grand_Tour">Grand Tour</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Grand Tour"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Grand_Tour" title="Grand Tour">Grand Tour</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Willem_van_Haecht_W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Vasa.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Willem_van_Haecht_W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Vasa.JPG/250px-Willem_van_Haecht_W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Vasa.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Willem_van_Haecht_W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Vasa.JPG/330px-Willem_van_Haecht_W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Vasa.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Willem_van_Haecht_W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Vasa.JPG/500px-Willem_van_Haecht_W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Vasa.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="1384" /></a><figcaption>Prince Ladislaus Sigismund of Poland visiting Gallery of <a href="/wiki/Cornelis_van_der_Geest" title="Cornelis van der Geest">Cornelis van der Geest</a> in <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a> in 1624</figcaption></figure> <p>Modern tourism can be traced to what was known as the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Tour" title="Grand Tour">Grand Tour</a>, which was a traditional trip around <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> (especially <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> and <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>), undertaken by mainly <a href="/wiki/Upper_class" title="Upper class">upper-class</a> European young men of means, mainly from Western and Northern European countries. In 1624, the young Prince of <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, <a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_IV_Vasa" title="Władysław IV Vasa">Ladislaus Sigismund Vasa</a>, the eldest son of <a href="/wiki/Sigismund_III_Vasa" title="Sigismund III Vasa">Sigismund III</a>, embarked on a journey across Europe, as was in <a href="/wiki/Norm_(sociology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Norm (sociology)">custom</a> among Polish nobility.<sup id="cite_ref-wladcy12b_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wladcy12b-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He travelled through territories of today's Germany, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, where he admired the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Breda_(1624)" title="Siege of Breda (1624)">siege of Breda</a> by <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spanish</a> forces, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> to Italy, <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-wladcy12b_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wladcy12b-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was an educational journey<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and one of the outcomes was introduction of <a href="/wiki/Polish_opera" title="Polish opera">Italian opera</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The custom flourished from about 1660 until the advent of large-scale <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport" title="Rail transport">rail</a> transit in the 1840s and generally followed a standard <a href="/wiki/Travel_itinerary" title="Travel itinerary">itinerary</a>. It was an educational opportunity and <a href="/wiki/Rite_of_passage" title="Rite of passage">rite of passage</a>. Though primarily associated with the <a href="/wiki/British_nobility" title="British nobility">British nobility</a> and wealthy <a href="/wiki/Landed_gentry" title="Landed gentry">landed gentry</a>, similar trips were made by wealthy young men of <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a> <a href="/wiki/Northern_Europe" title="Northern Europe">Northern European</a> nations on the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Europe" title="Continental Europe">Continent</a>, and from the second half of the 18th century some South American, US, and other overseas youth joined in. The tradition was extended to include more of the <a href="/wiki/Middle_class" title="Middle class">middle class</a> after rail and steamship travel made the journey easier, and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cook_%26_Son" title="Thomas Cook & Son">Thomas Cook</a> made the "Cook's Tour" a byword. </p><p>The Grand Tour became a status symbol for upper-class students in the 18th and 19th centuries. In this period, <a href="/wiki/Johann_Joachim_Winckelmann" title="Johann Joachim Winckelmann">Johann Joachim Winckelmann</a>'s theories about the supremacy of classic culture became very popular and appreciated in the European academic world. Artists, writers, and travellers (such as <a href="/wiki/Goethe" class="mw-redirect" title="Goethe">Goethe</a>) affirmed the supremacy of classic art of which Italy, France, and <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> provide excellent examples. For these reasons, the Grand Tour's main destinations were to those centers, where upper-class students could find rare examples of classic art and history. </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> recently described the Grand Tour in this way: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Three hundred years ago, wealthy young Englishmen began taking a post-<a href="/wiki/Oxbridge" title="Oxbridge">Oxbridge</a> trek through France and Italy in search of art, culture and the roots of <a href="/wiki/Western_culture" title="Western culture">Western civilization</a>. With nearly unlimited funds, aristocratic connections and months (or years) to roam, they <a href="/wiki/Commission_(art)" title="Commission (art)">commissioned paintings</a>, perfected their language skills and mingled with the upper crust of the Continent.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Gross, Matt., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://frugaltraveler.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/09/05/lesons-from-the-frugal-grand-tour/index.html">Lessons From the Frugal Grand Tour</a>." <i>New York Times</i> 5 September 2008.</cite></div></blockquote> <p>The primary value of the Grand Tour, it was believed, laid in the exposure both to the cultural legacy of <a href="/wiki/Classical_antiquity" title="Classical antiquity">classical antiquity</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a>, and to the aristocratic and fashionably polite society of the European continent. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Emergence_of_leisure_travel">Emergence of leisure travel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Emergence of leisure travel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Tourism" title="Special:EditPage/Tourism">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2013</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alsfeld-marktplatz-1900.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Alsfeld-marktplatz-1900.jpg/250px-Alsfeld-marktplatz-1900.jpg" decoding="async" width="223" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Alsfeld-marktplatz-1900.jpg/500px-Alsfeld-marktplatz-1900.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="4598" data-file-height="2962" /></a><figcaption>English postcard of the old town of <a href="/wiki/Alsfeld" title="Alsfeld">Alsfeld</a> in Germany, with tourists on the market square</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Banja_Slatina_ljeto.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Banja_Slatina_ljeto.jpg/250px-Banja_Slatina_ljeto.jpg" decoding="async" width="223" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Banja_Slatina_ljeto.jpg/500px-Banja_Slatina_ljeto.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="4624" data-file-height="3472" /></a><figcaption>The Slatina Spa in <a href="/wiki/Slatina,_Fo%C4%8Da" title="Slatina, Foča">Slatina</a>, Bosnia and Herzegovina, is famous for its characteristics and had attracted tourists since 1870s.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Leisure" title="Leisure">Leisure</a> travel was associated with the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> – the first European country to promote leisure time to the increasing industrial population.<sup id="cite_ref-singh_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-singh-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Initially, this applied to the owners of the machinery of production, the economic oligarchy, factory owners and traders. These comprised the new <a href="/wiki/Middle_class" title="Middle class">middle class</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-singh_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-singh-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Cox_%26_Kings" title="Cox & Kings">Cox & Kings</a> was the first official travel company to be formed in 1758.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The British origin of this new industry is reflected in many place names. In <a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a>, France, one of the first and best-established holiday resorts on the <a href="/wiki/French_Riviera" title="French Riviera">French Riviera</a>, the long esplanade along the seafront is known to this day as the <i><a href="/wiki/Promenade_des_Anglais" title="Promenade des Anglais">Promenade des Anglais</a></i>; in many other historic resorts in <a href="/wiki/Continental_Europe" title="Continental Europe">continental Europe</a>, old, well-established palace hotels have names like the <i><a href="/wiki/Hotel_Bristol" title="Hotel Bristol">Hotel Bristol</a></i>, <i>Hotel Carlton</i>, or <i>Hotel Majestic</i> – reflecting the dominance of English customers. </p><p>A pioneer of the travel agency business, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cook" title="Thomas Cook">Thomas Cook</a>'s idea to offer excursions came to him while waiting for the stagecoach on the London Road at <a href="/wiki/Kibworth" title="Kibworth">Kibworth</a>. With the opening of the extended <a href="/wiki/Midland_Counties_Railway" title="Midland Counties Railway">Midland Counties Railway</a>, he arranged to take a group of 540 <a href="/wiki/Temperance_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperance Movement">temperance campaigners</a> from <a href="/wiki/Leicester" title="Leicester">Leicester</a> <a href="/wiki/Leicester_Campbell_Street_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Leicester Campbell Street railway station">Campbell Street station</a> to a rally in <a href="/wiki/Loughborough" title="Loughborough">Loughborough</a>, eleven miles (18 km) away. On 5 July 1841, Thomas Cook arranged for the rail company to charge one <a href="/wiki/Shilling" title="Shilling">shilling</a> per person; this included rail tickets and food for the journey. Cook was paid a share of the fares charged to the passengers, as the railway tickets, being legal contracts between company and passenger, could not have been issued at his own price.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (April 2017)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This was the first privately chartered <a href="/wiki/Excursion_train" title="Excursion train">excursion train</a> to be advertised to the general public; Cook himself acknowledged that there had been previous, unadvertised, private excursion trains.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the following three summers he planned and conducted outings for temperance societies and <a href="/wiki/Sunday_school" title="Sunday school">Sunday school</a> children. In 1844, the Midland Counties Railway Company agreed to make a permanent arrangement with him, provided he found the passengers. This success led him to start his own business running rail excursions for pleasure, taking a percentage of the railway fares.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1855, he planned his first excursion abroad, when he took a group from Leicester to <a href="/wiki/Calais" title="Calais">Calais</a> to coincide with the <a href="/wiki/Exposition_Universelle_(1855)" title="Exposition Universelle (1855)">Paris Exhibition</a>. The following year he started his "grand circular tours" of Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the 1860s he took parties to Switzerland, Italy, Egypt, and the United States. Cook established "inclusive independent travel", whereby the traveller went independently but his agency charged for travel, food, and accommodation for a fixed period over any chosen route. Such was his success that the Scottish railway companies withdrew their support between 1862 and 1863 to try the excursion business for themselves. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economic_significance_of_tourism">Economic significance of tourism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Economic significance of tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_promenade,_Blackpool,_Lancashire,_England,_ca._1898.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/The_promenade%2C_Blackpool%2C_Lancashire%2C_England%2C_ca._1898.jpg/250px-The_promenade%2C_Blackpool%2C_Lancashire%2C_England%2C_ca._1898.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/The_promenade%2C_Blackpool%2C_Lancashire%2C_England%2C_ca._1898.jpg/330px-The_promenade%2C_Blackpool%2C_Lancashire%2C_England%2C_ca._1898.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/The_promenade%2C_Blackpool%2C_Lancashire%2C_England%2C_ca._1898.jpg/500px-The_promenade%2C_Blackpool%2C_Lancashire%2C_England%2C_ca._1898.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3541" data-file-height="2627" /></a><figcaption> Photochrom of the <a href="/wiki/Blackpool" title="Blackpool">Blackpool</a> promenade c. 1898</figcaption></figure> <p>The tourism industry, as part of the <a href="/wiki/Service_sector" class="mw-redirect" title="Service sector">service sector</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has become an important source of income for many regions and even for entire countries. The <i>Manila Declaration on World Tourism of 1980</i> recognized its importance as "an activity essential to the life of nations because of its direct effects on the social, cultural, educational, and economic sectors of national societies, and on their international relations."<sup id="cite_ref-unwto1034_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unwto1034-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tourism brings large amounts of income into a local economy in the form of payment for <a href="/wiki/Goods_and_services" title="Goods and services">goods and services</a> needed by tourists, accounting as of 2011<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tourism&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> for 30% of the world's <a href="/wiki/Trade" title="Trade">trade</a> in services, and, as an <a href="/wiki/Invisible_export" class="mw-redirect" title="Invisible export">invisible export</a>, for 6% of overall <a href="/wiki/Export" title="Export">exports</a> of goods and services.<sup id="cite_ref-pr12027_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pr12027-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also generates opportunities for <a href="/wiki/Employment" title="Employment">employment</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Tertiary sector of the economy">service sector of the economy</a> associated with tourism.<sup id="cite_ref-WTO2012Highlights_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WTO2012Highlights-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also claimed that travel broadens the mind.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The hospitality industries which benefit from tourism include <a href="/wiki/Transport" title="Transport">transportation services</a> (such as <a href="/wiki/Airline" title="Airline">airlines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cruise_ship" title="Cruise ship">cruise ships</a>, <a href="/wiki/Public_transport" title="Public transport">transits</a>, <a href="/wiki/Train" title="Train">trains</a> and <a href="/wiki/Taxicab" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxicab">taxicabs</a>); <a href="/wiki/Lodging" title="Lodging">lodging</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Hotel" title="Hotel">hotels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hostel" title="Hostel">hostels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Homestay" title="Homestay">homestays</a>, <a href="/wiki/Resort" title="Resort">resorts</a> and renting out rooms); and entertainment venues (such as <a href="/wiki/Amusement_park" title="Amusement park">amusement parks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Restaurant" title="Restaurant">restaurants</a>, <a href="/wiki/Casino" title="Casino">casinos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Festival" title="Festival">festivals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shopping_mall" title="Shopping mall">shopping malls</a>, <a href="/wiki/Music_venue" title="Music venue">music venues</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Theatre" title="Theatre">theatres</a>). This is in addition to goods bought by tourists, including <a href="/wiki/Souvenir" title="Souvenir">souvenirs</a>. </p><p>On the flip-side, tourism can degrade people<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and sour relationships between host and guest.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tourism frequently also puts additional pressure on the local environment.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The economic foundations of tourism are essentially the cultural assets, the <a href="/wiki/Cultural_property" title="Cultural property">cultural property</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Nature" title="Nature">nature</a> of the travel location. The <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Sites" class="mw-redirect" title="World Heritage Sites">World Heritage Sites</a> are particularly worth mentioning today because they are real tourism magnets. But even a country's current or former form of government can be decisive for tourism. For example, the fascination of the <a href="/wiki/British_royal_family" title="British royal family">British royal family</a> brings millions of tourists to Great Britain every year and thus the economy around £550 million a year. The <a href="/wiki/Habsburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Habsburg">Habsburg</a> family can be mentioned in Central Europe. According to estimates, the Habsburg brand should generate tourism sales of 60 million euros per year for Vienna alone. The tourist principle "Habsburg sells" applies.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tourism,_cultural_heritage_and_UNESCO"><span id="Tourism.2C_cultural_heritage_and_UNESCO"></span>Tourism, cultural heritage and UNESCO</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Tourism, cultural heritage and UNESCO"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Blue_Shield_Fact_Finding_Mission_Egypt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Blue_Shield_Fact_Finding_Mission_Egypt.jpg/250px-Blue_Shield_Fact_Finding_Mission_Egypt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Blue_Shield_Fact_Finding_Mission_Egypt.jpg/330px-Blue_Shield_Fact_Finding_Mission_Egypt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Blue_Shield_Fact_Finding_Mission_Egypt.jpg/500px-Blue_Shield_Fact_Finding_Mission_Egypt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Blue Shield fact-finding mission in Egypt</figcaption></figure> <p>Cultural and natural heritage are in many cases the absolute basis for worldwide tourism. Cultural tourism is one of the mega-trends that is reflected in massive numbers of overnight stays and sales. As <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> is increasingly observing, the cultural heritage is needed for tourism, but also endangered by it. The "ICOMOS - International Cultural Tourism Charter" from 1999 is already dealing with all of these problems. As a result of the tourist hazard, for example, the <a href="/wiki/Lascaux" title="Lascaux">Lascaux</a> cave was rebuilt for tourists. <a href="/wiki/Overtourism" title="Overtourism">Overtourism</a> is an important buzzword in this area. Furthermore, the focus of UNESCO in war zones is to ensure the protection of cultural heritage in order to maintain this future important economic basis for the local population. And there is intensive cooperation between UNESCO, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_peacekeeping" title="United Nations peacekeeping">United Nations peacekeeping</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blue_Shield_International" title="Blue Shield International">Blue Shield International</a>. There are extensive international and national considerations, studies and programs to protect cultural assets from the effects of tourism and those from war. In particular, it is also about training civilian and military personnel. But the involvement of the locals is particularly important. The founding president of Blue Shield International <a href="/wiki/Karl_von_Habsburg" title="Karl von Habsburg">Karl von Habsburg</a> summed it up with the words: "Without the local community and without the local participants, that would be completely impossible'.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cruise_ships">Cruise ships</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Cruise ships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Seabourn_Ovation_surrounded_by_palm_trees.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Seabourn_Ovation_surrounded_by_palm_trees.jpg/220px-Seabourn_Ovation_surrounded_by_palm_trees.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Seabourn_Ovation_surrounded_by_palm_trees.jpg/330px-Seabourn_Ovation_surrounded_by_palm_trees.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Seabourn_Ovation_surrounded_by_palm_trees.jpg/440px-Seabourn_Ovation_surrounded_by_palm_trees.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4733" data-file-height="2789" /></a><figcaption>The modern cruise ship <i>Seabourn Ovation</i> in the Mediterranean</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Cruising" class="extiw" title="wikt:Cruising">Cruising</a> is a popular form of <a href="/wiki/Water_tourism" class="mw-redirect" title="Water tourism">water tourism</a>. Leisure <a href="/wiki/Cruise_ship" title="Cruise ship">cruise ships</a> were introduced by the <a href="/wiki/P%26O" title="P&O">P&O</a> in 1844, sailing from <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Southampton" title="Port of Southampton">Southampton</a> to destinations such as <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1891, German businessman <a href="/wiki/Albert_Ballin" title="Albert Ballin">Albert Ballin</a> sailed the ship <a href="/wiki/Augusta_Victoria_(ship)" class="mw-redirect" title="Augusta Victoria (ship)"><i>Augusta Victoria</i></a> from <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a> into the Mediterranean Sea. 29 June 1900 saw the launching of the first purpose-built cruise ship was <i><a href="/wiki/Prinzessin_Victoria_Luise" title="Prinzessin Victoria Luise">Prinzessin Victoria Luise</a></i>, built in Hamburg for the <a href="/wiki/Hamburg_America_Line" title="Hamburg America Line">Hamburg America Line</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_day_tourism">Modern day tourism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Modern day tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mass_tourism">Mass tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Mass tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Barceloneta_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Barceloneta_2007.jpg/220px-Barceloneta_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Barceloneta_2007.jpg/330px-Barceloneta_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Barceloneta_2007.jpg/440px-Barceloneta_2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Tourists at the Mediterranean Coast of <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a> 2007</figcaption></figure> <p>Mass tourism and its <a href="/wiki/Tourist_attraction" title="Tourist attraction">tourist attractions</a> have emerged as among the most iconic demonstration of western consumer societies.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Academics have defined mass tourism as travel by groups on pre-scheduled tours, usually under the organization of tourism professionals. This form of tourism developed during the second half of the 19th century in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> and was pioneered by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cook" title="Thomas Cook">Thomas Cook</a>. Cook took advantage of Europe's rapidly expanding railway network and established a company that offered affordable <a href="/wiki/Day_trip" title="Day trip">day trip</a> excursions to <a href="/wiki/Commoners" class="mw-redirect" title="Commoners">the masses</a>, in addition to longer holidays to Continental Europe, India, Asia and the Western Hemisphere which attracted wealthier customers. By the 1890s over 20,000 tourists per year used <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cook_%26_Son" title="Thomas Cook & Son">Thomas Cook & Son</a>. </p><p>The relationship between tourism companies, transportation operators and hotels is a central feature of mass tourism. Cook was able to offer prices that were below the publicly advertised price because his company purchased large numbers of tickets from railroads. One contemporary form of mass tourism, <a href="/wiki/Package_tour" title="Package tour">package tourism</a>, still incorporates the partnership between these three groups. </p><p>Travel developed during the early 20th century and was facilitated by the development of the automobiles and later by airplanes. Improvements in transport allowed many people to travel quickly to places of leisure interest so that more people could begin to enjoy the benefits of leisure time. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Continental_Europe" title="Continental Europe">Continental Europe</a>, early <a href="/wiki/Seaside_resort" title="Seaside resort">seaside resorts</a> included: <a href="/wiki/Heiligendamm" title="Heiligendamm">Heiligendamm</a>, founded in 1793 at the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a>, being the first seaside resort; <a href="/wiki/Ostend" title="Ostend">Ostend</a>, popularized by the people of <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>; <a href="/wiki/Boulogne-sur-Mer" title="Boulogne-sur-Mer">Boulogne-sur-Mer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Deauville" title="Deauville">Deauville</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Parisians</a>; <a href="/wiki/Taormina" title="Taormina">Taormina</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, the first seaside resorts in the European style were at <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey" title="Atlantic City, New Jersey">Atlantic City</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>. </p><p>By the mid-20th century, the Mediterranean Coast became the principal mass tourism destination. The 1960s and 1970s saw mass tourism play a major role in the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_miracle#Mass_tourism_and_emigration" title="Spanish miracle">Spanish economic "miracle"</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1960s and 1970s, scientists discussed negative socio-cultural impacts of tourism on host communities. Since the 1980s the positive aspects of tourism began to be recognized as well.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In more recent times, mass tourism is something which has become a negative experience for local residents of cities and destinations that experience heavy tourism, especially in summer months. In July 2024 for example, protests by local residents in Barcelona, Spain were held in the city, where ″thousands of people joined an anti-tourism protest amid rising housing costs.″<sup id="cite_ref-Protesting_About_Mass_Tourism_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Protesting_About_Mass_Tourism-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Niche_tourism">Niche tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Niche tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a more comprehensive list, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_adjectival_tourisms" title="List of adjectival tourisms">List of adjectival tourisms</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cristo_Rei_(36211699613).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Cristo_Rei_%2836211699613%29.jpg/250px-Cristo_Rei_%2836211699613%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Cristo_Rei_%2836211699613%29.jpg/330px-Cristo_Rei_%2836211699613%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Cristo_Rei_%2836211699613%29.jpg/500px-Cristo_Rei_%2836211699613%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1996" data-file-height="2141" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Christ_the_King_(Almada)" title="Christ the King (Almada)">Sanctuary of Christ the King</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Almada" title="Almada">Almada</a>, has become one of the places most visited for religious tourism.</figcaption></figure> <p>Niche tourism refers to the specialty forms of tourism that have emerged over the years, each with its own adjective. Many of these terms have come into common use by the tourism industry and academics.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others are emerging concepts that may or may not gain popular usage. Examples of the more common niche tourism markets are: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agritourism" title="Agritourism">Agritourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birth_tourism" title="Birth tourism">Birth tourism</a></li> <li>Coastal island tourism</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culinary_tourism" title="Culinary tourism">Culinary tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_tourism" title="Cultural tourism">Cultural tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_tourism" title="Dark tourism">Dark tourism</a> (also called "black tourism" or "grief tourism")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco_tourism" class="mw-redirect" title="Eco tourism">Eco tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_tourism" title="Extreme tourism">Extreme tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_tourism" title="Film tourism">Film tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geotourism" title="Geotourism">Geotourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_tourism" title="Heritage tourism">Heritage tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_tourism" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT tourism">LGBT tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_tourism" title="Medical tourism">Medical tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nautical_tourism" title="Nautical tourism">Nautical tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop-culture_tourism" title="Pop-culture tourism">Pop-culture tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_tourism" title="Religious tourism">Religious tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_tourism" title="Sex tourism">Sex tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slum_tourism" title="Slum tourism">Slum tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_tourism" title="Sports tourism">Sports tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings" title="List of tallest buildings">Tallest buildings</a> tourism</li> <li>Trains tourism (e.g., steam and model railways)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_tourism" class="mw-redirect" title="Virtual tourism">Virtual tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_tourism" title="War tourism">War tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellness_tourism" title="Wellness tourism">Wellness tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_tourism" title="Wildlife tourism">Wildlife tourism</a></li></ul> </div> <p>Other terms used for niche or specialty travel forms include the term "destination" in the descriptions, such as <a href="/wiki/Destination_wedding" class="mw-redirect" title="Destination wedding">destination weddings</a>, and terms such as <a href="/wiki/Location_vacation" class="mw-redirect" title="Location vacation">location vacation</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Winter_tourism">Winter tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Winter tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_ski_areas_and_resorts" title="List of ski areas and resorts">List of ski areas and resorts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Winter_sport" class="mw-redirect" title="Winter sport">Winter sport</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arctic_circle_santa_village.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Arctic_circle_santa_village.jpg/220px-Arctic_circle_santa_village.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Arctic_circle_santa_village.jpg/330px-Arctic_circle_santa_village.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Arctic_circle_santa_village.jpg/440px-Arctic_circle_santa_village.jpg 2x" data-file-width="896" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Santa_Claus_Village" title="Santa Claus Village">Santa Claus Village</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Arctic_Circle" title="Arctic Circle">Arctic Circle</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rovaniemi" title="Rovaniemi">Rovaniemi</a>, Finland is one of the significant tourist places in the Northern Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/St._Moritz" title="St. Moritz">St. Moritz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> became the cradle of the developing winter tourism in the 1860s: hotel manager Johannes Badrutt invited some summer guests from England to return in the winter to see the snowy landscape, thereby inaugurating a popular trend.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was, however, only in the 1970s when winter tourism took over the lead from summer tourism in many of the Swiss ski resorts. Even in winter, up to one third of all guests (depending on the location) consist of non-skiers.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Major <a href="/wiki/Ski_resort" title="Ski resort">ski resorts</a> are located mostly in the various European countries (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_ski_areas_and_resorts_in_Europe#Poland" title="List of ski areas and resorts in Europe">Poland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>), <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> (e.g. Montana, Utah, Colorado, California, Wyoming, Vermont, New Hampshire, New York) <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recent_developments">Recent developments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Recent developments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aerial_view_Yacht_Harbour_Residence_Rostock_Yachthafenresidenz_Hohe_D%C3%BCne_6.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Aerial_view_Yacht_Harbour_Residence_Rostock_Yachthafenresidenz_Hohe_D%C3%BCne_6.jpg/220px-Aerial_view_Yacht_Harbour_Residence_Rostock_Yachthafenresidenz_Hohe_D%C3%BCne_6.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Aerial_view_Yacht_Harbour_Residence_Rostock_Yachthafenresidenz_Hohe_D%C3%BCne_6.jpg/330px-Aerial_view_Yacht_Harbour_Residence_Rostock_Yachthafenresidenz_Hohe_D%C3%BCne_6.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Aerial_view_Yacht_Harbour_Residence_Rostock_Yachthafenresidenz_Hohe_D%C3%BCne_6.jpg/440px-Aerial_view_Yacht_Harbour_Residence_Rostock_Yachthafenresidenz_Hohe_D%C3%BCne_6.jpg 2x" data-file-width="913" data-file-height="622" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Destination_hotel" class="mw-redirect" title="Destination hotel">destination hotel</a> in <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>: <i>Yacht Harbour Residence</i> in <a href="/wiki/Warnem%C3%BCnde" title="Warnemünde">Rostock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mecklenburg" title="Mecklenburg">Mecklenburg</a></figcaption></figure><p>There has been an up-trend in tourism over the last few decades,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Vagueness" title="Wikipedia:Vagueness"><span title="This information is too vague. (November 2013)">vague</span></a></i>]</sup> especially in Europe, where international travel for short breaks is common. Tourists have a wide range of budgets and tastes, and a wide variety of resorts and hotels have developed to cater for them. For example, some people prefer simple beach vacations, while others want more specialized holidays, quieter resorts, family-oriented holidays, or niche market-targeted <a href="/wiki/Destination_hotel" class="mw-redirect" title="Destination hotel">destination hotels</a>. </p><p>The developments in <a href="/wiki/Aviation" title="Aviation">air transport</a> infrastructure, such as <a href="/wiki/Wide-body_aircraft" title="Wide-body aircraft">jumbo jets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Low-cost_carrier" title="Low-cost carrier">low-cost airlines</a>, and more <a href="/wiki/Accessible_tourism" title="Accessible tourism">accessible</a> <a href="/wiki/Airport" title="Airport">airports</a> have made many types of tourism more affordable. A major factor in the relatively low cost of air travel is the <a href="/wiki/Aviation_fuel#Tax" title="Aviation fuel">tax exemption for aviation fuels</a>. The <a href="/wiki/WHO" class="mw-redirect" title="WHO">WHO</a> estimated in 2009 that there are around half a million people on board aircraft at any given time.<sup id="cite_ref-theguardian.com_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theguardian.com-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There have also been changes in lifestyle, for example, some retirement-age people sustain year-round tourism. This is facilitated by <a href="/wiki/Electronic_commerce" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic commerce">internet sales</a> of tourist services. Some sites have now started to offer <a href="/wiki/Dynamic_packaging" title="Dynamic packaging">dynamic packaging</a>, in which an inclusive price is quoted for a tailor-made package requested by the customer upon impulse. </p><p>There have been a few setbacks in tourism, such as the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Terrorism" title="Terrorism">terrorist threats</a> to <a href="/wiki/Tourist_destination" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourist destination">tourist destinations</a>, such as in <a href="/wiki/Bali" title="Bali">Bali</a> and several European cities. Also, on 26 December 2004, a <a href="/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami">tsunami</a>, caused by the <a href="/wiki/2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake" class="mw-redirect" title="2004 Indian Ocean earthquake">2004 Indian Ocean earthquake</a>, hit the <a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_Asia" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Asia">Asian countries</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a>. Thousands of people died including many tourists. This, together with the vast clean-up operations, stopped or severely hampered tourism in the area for a time.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Individual low-price or even zero-price overnight stays have become more popular in the 2000s, especially with a strong growth in the <a href="/wiki/Hostel" title="Hostel">hostel</a> market and services like <a href="/wiki/CouchSurfing" title="CouchSurfing">CouchSurfing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Airbnb" title="Airbnb">airbnb</a> being established.<sup id="cite_ref-newyorkercouch_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newyorkercouch-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There has also been examples of jurisdictions wherein a significant portion of GDP is being spent on altering the primary sources of revenue towards tourism, as has occurred for instance in <a href="/wiki/Dubai" title="Dubai">Dubai</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sustainable_tourism">Sustainable tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Sustainable tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_tourism" title="Sustainable tourism">Sustainable tourism</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_tourism&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Ecotourism" title="Ecotourism">Ecotourism</a>.</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_renowned_Kakum_National_Reserve.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/The_renowned_Kakum_National_Reserve.jpg/320px-The_renowned_Kakum_National_Reserve.jpg" decoding="async" width="320" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/The_renowned_Kakum_National_Reserve.jpg/480px-The_renowned_Kakum_National_Reserve.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/The_renowned_Kakum_National_Reserve.jpg/640px-The_renowned_Kakum_National_Reserve.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>A canopy walkway at <a href="/wiki/Kakum_National_Park" title="Kakum National Park">Kakum National Park</a> in Ghana, ensuring that tourists have least direct impact on the surrounding ecology. The visitor park received the Global Tourism for Tomorrow Award in 1998.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_tourism" title="Sustainable tourism">Sustainable tourism</a> is a concept that covers the complete tourism experience, including concern for <a href="/wiki/Impacts_of_tourism" title="Impacts of tourism">economic, social, and environmental issues</a> as well as attention to improving tourists' experiences and addressing the needs of host communities.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sustainable tourism should embrace concerns for <a href="/wiki/Environmental_protection" title="Environmental protection">environmental protection</a>, social equity, and the quality of life, cultural diversity, and a dynamic, viable economy delivering jobs and prosperity for all.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has its roots in <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_development" title="Sustainable development">sustainable development</a> and there can be some confusion as to what "sustainable tourism" means.<sup id="cite_ref-Sustainable_tourism_:3_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sustainable_tourism_:3-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 23">: 23 </span></sup> There is now broad consensus that tourism should be <a href="/wiki/Sustainability" title="Sustainability">sustainable</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In fact, all forms of tourism have the potential to be sustainable if planned, developed and managed properly.<sup id="cite_ref-Sustainable_tourism_:3_79-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sustainable_tourism_:3-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tourist development organizations are promoting sustainable tourism practices in order to mitigate negative effects caused by the growing <a href="/wiki/Impacts_of_tourism" title="Impacts of tourism">impact of tourism</a>, for example its environmental impacts. </p> The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_World_Tourism_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations World Tourism Organization">United Nations World Tourism Organization</a> emphasized these practices by promoting sustainable tourism as part of the <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goals" title="Sustainable Development Goals">Sustainable Development Goals</a>, through programs like the <a href="/wiki/International_Year_for_Sustainable_Tourism_for_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="International Year for Sustainable Tourism for Development">International Year for Sustainable Tourism for Development</a> in 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is a direct link between sustainable tourism and several of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).<sup id="cite_ref-Sustainable_tourism_:3_79-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sustainable_tourism_:3-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 26">: 26 </span></sup> Tourism for SDGs focuses on how <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_8" title="Sustainable Development Goal 8">SDG 8</a> ("decent work and economic growth"), <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_12" title="Sustainable Development Goal 12">SDG 12</a> ("responsible consumption and production") and <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_14" title="Sustainable Development Goal 14">SDG 14</a> ("life below water") implicate tourism in <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_development" title="Sustainable development">creating a sustainable economy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the World Travel & Tourism Travel, tourism constituted "10.3 percent to the global gross domestic product, with international tourist arrivals hitting 1.5 billion marks (a growth of 3.5 percent) in 2019" and generated $1.7 trillion export earnings yet, improvements are expected to be gained from suitable management aspects and including sustainable tourism as part of a broader <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_development" title="Sustainable development">sustainable development</a> strategy.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ecotourism">Ecotourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Ecotourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ecotourism" title="Ecotourism">Ecotourism</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ecotourism" title="Ecotourism">Ecotourism</a>, also known as ecological tourism, is responsible travel to fragile, pristine, and usually protected areas that strives to be low-impact and (often) small-scale. It helps educate the traveller; provides funds for conservation; directly benefits the economic development and political empowerment of local communities, and fosters respect for different cultures and for human rights. <i>Take only memories and leave only footprints</i> is a very common slogan in protected areas.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tourist destinations are shifting to low carbon emissions following the trend of visitors more focused in being environmentally responsible adopting a sustainable behavior.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Volunteer_tourism">Volunteer tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Volunteer tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Volunteer_tourism" class="mw-redirect" title="Volunteer tourism">Volunteer tourism</a></div> <p>Volunteer tourism (or voluntourism) is growing as a largely Western phenomenon, with volunteers travelling to aid those less fortunate than themselves in order to counter global inequalities. Wearing (2001) defines volunteer tourism as applying "to those tourists who, for various reasons, volunteer in an organised way to undertake holidays that might involve aiding or alleviating the material poverty of some groups in society".<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> VSO was founded in the UK in 1958 and the US Peace Corps was subsequently founded in 1960. These were the first large scale voluntary sending organisations, initially arising to modernise less economically developed countries, which it was hoped would curb the influence of communism.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This form of tourism is largely praised for its more sustainable approach to travel, with tourists attempting to assimilate into local cultures, and avoiding the criticisms of consumptive and exploitative mass tourism.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, increasingly, voluntourism is being criticised by scholars who suggest it may have negative effects as it begins to undermine local labour, and force unwilling host communities to adopt Western initiatives,<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while host communities without a strong heritage fail to retain volunteers who become dissatisfied with experiences and volunteer shortages persist.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Increasingly, organisations such as VSO have been concerned with community-centric volunteer programmes where power to control the future of the community is in the hands of local people.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pro-poor_tourism">Pro-poor tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Pro-poor tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Community_Tourism_%28Riven_No_2%29.webm/220px--Community_Tourism_%28Riven_No_2%29.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="523" data-mwtitle="Community_Tourism_(Riven_No_2).webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Community_Tourism_(Riven_No_2).webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e0/Community_Tourism_%28Riven_No_2%29.webm/Community_Tourism_%28Riven_No_2%29.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="298" data-height="168" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e0/Community_Tourism_%28Riven_No_2%29.webm/Community_Tourism_%28Riven_No_2%29.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="298" data-height="168" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/Community_Tourism_%28Riven_No_2%29.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="298" data-height="168" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e0/Community_Tourism_%28Riven_No_2%29.webm/Community_Tourism_%28Riven_No_2%29.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /></video></span><figcaption>Community tourism in Sierra Leone <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Development_Cooperation_Handbook/Stories/Community_Tourism" class="extiw" title="b:Development Cooperation Handbook/Stories/Community Tourism">→ The story of a community in Sierra Leone trying to manage tourism in a responsible manner</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Pro-poor tourism, which seeks to help the poorest people in developing countries, has been receiving increasing attention by those involved in development; the issue has been addressed through small-scale projects in local communities and through attempts by Ministries of Tourism to attract large numbers of tourists.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Research by the <a href="/wiki/Overseas_Development_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas Development Institute">Overseas Development Institute</a> suggests that neither is the best way to encourage tourists' money to reach the poorest as only 25% or less (far less in some cases) ever reaches the poor; successful examples of money reaching the poor include mountain-climbing in <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a> and cultural tourism in <a href="/wiki/Luang_Prabang" title="Luang Prabang">Luang Prabang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-odi.org.uk_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-odi.org.uk-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is also the possibility of pro-poor tourism principles being adopted in centre sites of regeneration in the developed world.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recession_tourism">Recession tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Recession tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Tourism" title="Special:EditPage/Tourism">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Recession tourism is a travel trend which evolved by way of the world economic crisis. Recession tourism is defined by low-cost and high-value experiences taking place at once-popular generic retreats. Various recession tourism hotspots have seen business boom during the recession thanks to comparatively low costs of living and a slow world job market suggesting travellers are elongating trips where their money travels further. This concept is not widely used in tourism research. It is related to the short-lived phenomenon that is more widely known as <a href="/wiki/Staycation" title="Staycation">staycation</a>. In general, studies have primarily focused on the short-term effects of the crisis on tourism demand, often overlooking the long-term implications for the competitive positioning of the impacted destinations.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medical_tourism">Medical tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Medical tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Medical_tourism" title="Medical tourism">Medical tourism</a></div> <p>When there is a significant price difference between countries for a given medical procedure, particularly in <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a><sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where there are different regulatory regimes, in relation to particular medical procedures (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Dentistry" title="Dentistry">dentistry</a>), travelling to take advantage of the price or regulatory differences is often referred to as "medical tourism". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Educational_tourism">Educational tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Educational tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Tourism" title="Special:EditPage/Tourism">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Educational tourism is developed because of the growing popularity of teaching and learning of knowledge and the enhancing of technical competency outside of the classroom environment. Brent W. Ritchie, publisher of Managing Educational Tourism, created a study of a geographic subdivision to demonstrate how tourism educated high school students participating in foreign exchange programs over the last 15 years.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In educational tourism, the main focus of the tour or leisure activity includes visiting another country to learn about the culture, study tours, or to work and apply skills learned inside the classroom in a different environment, such as in the International Practicum Training Program.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2018, one impact was many exchange students traveled to America to assist students financially in order to maintain their secondary education.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Event_tourism">Event tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Event tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Light_Move_Festival_169.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Light_Move_Festival_169.jpg/250px-Light_Move_Festival_169.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Light_Move_Festival_169.jpg/330px-Light_Move_Festival_169.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Light_Move_Festival_169.jpg/500px-Light_Move_Festival_169.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2385" /></a><figcaption><i>Light Move Festival</i> in <a href="/wiki/%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA" title="Łódź">Łódź</a>, Poland</figcaption></figure> <p>This type of tourism is focused on tourists coming into a region to either participate in an event or to see an organized event put on by the city/region.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This type of tourism can also fall under <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_tourism" title="Sustainable tourism">sustainable tourism</a> as well and companies that create a <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_event_management" title="Sustainable event management">sustainable event</a> to attend open up a chance to not only the consumer but their workers to learn and develop from the experience. Creating a sustainable atmosphere creates a chance to inform and encourage sustainable practices. An example of event tourism would be the music festival <a href="/wiki/South_by_Southwest" title="South by Southwest">South by Southwest</a> that is hosted in <a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin, Texas</a> annually. Every year people from all over the world flock to the city for one week to sit in on technology talks and see bands perform. People are drawn here to experience something that they are not able to experience in their hometown, which defines event tourism. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Creative_tourism">Creative tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Creative tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FF_of_Hartwell_welcomes_Indonesians.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/FF_of_Hartwell_welcomes_Indonesians.jpg/250px-FF_of_Hartwell_welcomes_Indonesians.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/FF_of_Hartwell_welcomes_Indonesians.jpg/330px-FF_of_Hartwell_welcomes_Indonesians.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/FF_of_Hartwell_welcomes_Indonesians.jpg/500px-FF_of_Hartwell_welcomes_Indonesians.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="815" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Friendship_Force_International" title="Friendship Force International">Friendship Force</a> visitors from Indonesia meeting their hosts in <a href="/wiki/Hartwell,_Georgia" title="Hartwell, Georgia">Hartwell, Georgia</a>, United States</figcaption></figure> <p>Creative tourism has existed as a form of <a href="/wiki/Cultural_tourism" title="Cultural tourism">cultural tourism</a>, since the early beginnings of tourism itself. Its European roots date back to the time of the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Tour" title="Grand Tour">Grand Tour</a>, which saw the sons of aristocratic families travelling for the purpose of mostly interactive, educational experiences. More recently, creative tourism has been given its own name by Crispin Raymond and Greg Richards,<sup id="cite_ref-ct_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ct-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who as members of the Association for Tourism and Leisure Education (ATLAS), have directed a number of projects for the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a>, including cultural and crafts tourism, known as <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_tourism" title="Sustainable tourism">sustainable tourism</a>. They have defined "creative tourism" as tourism related to the active participation of travellers in the <a href="/wiki/Culture" title="Culture">culture</a> of the host community, through interactive workshops and informal learning experiences.<sup id="cite_ref-ct_103-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ct-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meanwhile, the concept of creative tourism has been picked up by high-profile organizations such as <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>, who through the <a href="/wiki/Creative_Cities_Network" title="Creative Cities Network">Creative Cities Network</a>, have endorsed creative tourism as an engaged, <a href="/wiki/Authenticity_(reenactment)" title="Authenticity (reenactment)">authentic</a> experience that promotes an active understanding of the specific cultural features of a <a href="/wiki/Location_(geography)" class="mw-redirect" title="Location (geography)">place</a>. UNESCO wrote in one of its documents: "'Creative Tourism' involves more interaction, in which the visitor has an educational, emotional, social, and participative interaction with the place, its living culture, and the people who live there. They feel like a citizen."<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Saying so, the tourist will have the opportunity to take part in workshops, classes and activities related to the culture of the destination. </p><p>More recently, creative tourism has gained popularity as a form of cultural tourism, drawing on active participation by travellers in the culture of the host communities they visit. Several countries offer examples of this type of tourism development, including the United Kingdom, Austria, France, the Bahamas, Jamaica, Spain, Italy, New Zealand and South Korea.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The growing interest of tourists<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in this new way to discover a culture regards particularly the operators and branding managers, attentive to the possibility of attracting a quality tourism, highlighting the intangible heritage (craft workshops, cooking classes, etc.) and optimizing the use of existing infrastructure (for example, through the rent of halls and auditoriums). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Experiential_tourism">Experiential tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Experiential tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Experiential_travel" title="Experiential travel">Experiential travel</a> (or "immersion travel") is one of the major market trends in the modern tourism industry. It is an approach to travelling which focuses on experiencing a country, city or particular place by connecting to its <a href="/wiki/History" title="History">history</a>, people, food and <a href="/wiki/Culture" title="Culture">culture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The term "experiential travel" has been mentioned in publications since 1985,<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but it was not discovered as a meaningful market trend until much later. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dark_tourism">Dark tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Dark tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Dark_tourism" title="Dark tourism">Dark tourism</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Poland_-_Czermna_-_Chapel_of_Skulls_-_interior_06.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Poland_-_Czermna_-_Chapel_of_Skulls_-_interior_06.jpg/220px-Poland_-_Czermna_-_Chapel_of_Skulls_-_interior_06.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Poland_-_Czermna_-_Chapel_of_Skulls_-_interior_06.jpg/330px-Poland_-_Czermna_-_Chapel_of_Skulls_-_interior_06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Poland_-_Czermna_-_Chapel_of_Skulls_-_interior_06.jpg/440px-Poland_-_Czermna_-_Chapel_of_Skulls_-_interior_06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Skull_Chapel,_Czermna" class="mw-redirect" title="Skull Chapel, Czermna">Skull Chapel</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kudowa-Zdr%C3%B3j" title="Kudowa-Zdrój">Kudowa-Zdrój</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lower_Silesian_Voivodeship" title="Lower Silesian Voivodeship">Lower Silesian Voivodeship</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, is an example of an attraction for <a href="/wiki/Dark_tourism" title="Dark tourism">dark tourism</a>. Its interior walls, ceiling and foundations are adorned by human remains. It is the only such monument in Poland, and one of six in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>One emerging area of special interest has been identified by Lennon and Foley (2000)<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as <a href="/wiki/Dark_tourism" title="Dark tourism">"dark" tourism</a>. This type of tourism involves visits to "dark" sites, such as battlegrounds, scenes of horrific crimes or acts of <a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">genocide</a>, for example <a href="/wiki/Internment" title="Internment">concentration camps</a>. Its origins are rooted in fairgrounds and medieval fairs.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social_tourism">Social tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Social tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Social tourism is making tourism available to poor people who otherwise could not afford to travel for their education or recreation. It includes <a href="/wiki/Youth_hostels" class="mw-redirect" title="Youth hostels">youth hostels</a> and low-priced holiday accommodation run by church and <a href="/wiki/Voluntary_organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Voluntary organisation">voluntary organisations</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trade_unions" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade unions">trade unions</a>, or in Communist times <a href="/wiki/Combine_(enterprise)" title="Combine (enterprise)">publicly owned enterprises</a>. In May 1959, at the second Congress of Social Tourism in Austria, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Hunziker#Social_tourism" title="Walter Hunziker">Walter Hunziker</a> proposed the following definition: "Social tourism is a type of tourism practiced by low-income groups, and which is rendered possible and facilitated by entirely separate and therefore easily recognizable services".<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Doom_tourism">Doom tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Doom tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Perito_Moreno_Glacier_2023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Perito_Moreno_Glacier_2023.jpg/220px-Perito_Moreno_Glacier_2023.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Perito_Moreno_Glacier_2023.jpg/330px-Perito_Moreno_Glacier_2023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Perito_Moreno_Glacier_2023.jpg/440px-Perito_Moreno_Glacier_2023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="13117" data-file-height="5621" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Perito_Moreno_Glacier" title="Perito Moreno Glacier">Perito Moreno Glacier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patagonia" title="Patagonia">Patagonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Also known as "tourism of doom," or "last chance tourism", involves travelling to places that are environmentally or otherwise threatened (such as the ice caps of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Kilimanjaro" title="Mount Kilimanjaro">Mount Kilimanjaro</a>, the melting glaciers of <a href="/wiki/Patagonia" title="Patagonia">Patagonia</a>, or the coral of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Barrier_Reef" title="Great Barrier Reef">Great Barrier Reef</a>) before it is too late. The trend emerged in the 21st century, identified in 2007 by travel trade magazine in 2007<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and explored in <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This type of tourism has been on the rise. Some see the trend as related to <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_tourism" title="Sustainable tourism">sustainable tourism</a> or <a href="/wiki/Ecotourism" title="Ecotourism">ecotourism</a> due to the fact that a number of these tourist destinations are considered threatened by environmental factors such as global warming, overpopulation or climate change. Others worry that travel to many of these threatened locations increases an individual's <a href="/wiki/Carbon_footprint" title="Carbon footprint">carbon footprint</a> and only hastens problems threatened locations are already facing.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2024, climate change has been making Last Chance Tourism more popular, and riskier. In August 2024, an American was killed visiting an ice cave at the foot of the Breidamerkurjokull glacier.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religious_tourism">Religious tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Religious tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Religious_tourism" title="Religious tourism">Religious tourism</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Saint_Peter%27s_Basilica_facade,_Rome,_Italy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Saint_Peter%27s_Basilica_facade%2C_Rome%2C_Italy.jpg/250px-Saint_Peter%27s_Basilica_facade%2C_Rome%2C_Italy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Saint_Peter%27s_Basilica_facade%2C_Rome%2C_Italy.jpg/330px-Saint_Peter%27s_Basilica_facade%2C_Rome%2C_Italy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Saint_Peter%27s_Basilica_facade%2C_Rome%2C_Italy.jpg/500px-Saint_Peter%27s_Basilica_facade%2C_Rome%2C_Italy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4470" data-file-height="2975" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="St. Peter's Basilica">St. Peter's Basilica</a> in <a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a>, the papal enclave within the Italian city of Rome, one of the largest religious tourism sites in the world</figcaption></figure> <p>Religious tourism, in particular <a href="/wiki/Pilgrimage" title="Pilgrimage">pilgrimage</a>, can serve to strengthen <a href="/wiki/Faith" title="Faith">faith</a> and to demonstrate devotion.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Religious tourists may seek destinations whose image encourages them to believe that they can strengthen the religious elements of their <a href="/wiki/Self-identity" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-identity">self-identity</a> in a positive manner. Given this, the perceived image of a destination may be positively influenced by whether it conforms to the requirements of their religious self-identity or not.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="DNA_tourism">DNA tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: DNA tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>DNA tourism, also called "ancestry tourism" or "heritage travel", is tourism based on DNA testing. These tourists visit their remote relatives or places where their ancestors came from, or where their relatives reside, based on the results of DNA tests. DNA tourism became a growing trend in 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sleep_tourism">Sleep tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Sleep tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sleep_tourism" title="Sleep tourism">Sleep tourism</a></div> <p>Sleep tourism focuses on medical treatments or other approaches, and may focus on people who have difficulty falling asleep, people who experience interrupted sleep, people who don't feel rested after sleeping, snoring, breathing difficulties, and dreaming.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Impacts_on_destinations">Impacts on destinations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Impacts on destinations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Impacts_of_tourism" title="Impacts of tourism">Impacts of tourism</a></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Impacts_of_tourism" title="Impacts of tourism">Impacts of tourism</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Impacts_of_tourism&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt"> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Impacts_of_tourism.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Impacts_of_tourism.jpg/330px-Impacts_of_tourism.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Impacts_of_tourism.jpg/500px-Impacts_of_tourism.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Impacts_of_tourism.jpg/960px-Impacts_of_tourism.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1366" data-file-height="364" /></a><figcaption>Impacts of tourism</figcaption></figure> <p>Tourism has a significant impact on <a href="/wiki/Tourist_attraction" title="Tourist attraction">destinations</a>, influencing their <a href="/wiki/Economy" title="Economy">economy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Culture" title="Culture">culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Natural_environment" title="Natural environment">environment</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Community" title="Community">communities</a>. Tourism positively affects many parties in society but can also be detrimental in certain situations. </p><p>In general, tourism positively affects the economy of its destination. The purchasing of commodities, and the usage of <a href="/wiki/Hotel" title="Hotel">hotels</a> and <a href="/wiki/Transport" title="Transport">transport</a> by tourists all contribute to economic activity within the country. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Sociocultural_evolution" title="Sociocultural evolution">sociocultural</a> impacts of tourism are less straightforward, bringing both benefits and challenges to the destination. The interactions between tourists and locals foster a <a href="/wiki/Cultural_diplomacy" title="Cultural diplomacy">cultural exchange</a>, particularly exposing tourists to a different culture through direct interactions and overall <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/362507550_Seeing_a_country_with_your_own_eyes_The_impact_of_immersion_experiences_in_language_travelsion">immersion</a>. However, differing expectations in the <a href="/wiki/Social_norm" title="Social norm">societal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Morality" title="Morality">moral</a> values of the tourists and those from the host location can cause friction between the two parties. </p><p>While tourism may have positive impacts <a href="/wiki/Environmentally_friendly" title="Environmentally friendly">environmentally</a>, through an increase in awareness of certain <a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues" title="Environmental issues">environmental issues</a>, tourism overall negatively impacts the environment. Tourist destinations and attractions located in the wild may neglect environmental concerns to satisfy the demands of tourists, creating issues such as <a href="/wiki/Pollution" title="Pollution">pollution</a> and <a href="/wiki/Deforestation" title="Deforestation">deforestation</a>. </p> Tourism also has positive and negative health outcomes for local people.<sup id="cite_ref-Impacts_of_tourism_:6_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Impacts_of_tourism_:6-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The short-term negative impacts of tourism on residents' health are related to the <a href="/wiki/Population_density" title="Population density">density</a> of tourist arrivals, the risk of <a href="/wiki/Pathogen_transmission" title="Pathogen transmission">disease transmission</a>, road accidents, higher <a href="/wiki/Crime" title="Crime">crime</a> <a href="/wiki/Level_of_analysis" title="Level of analysis">levels</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Traffic_congestion" title="Traffic congestion">traffic congestion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crowding-in_effect" title="Crowding-in effect">crowding</a>, and other stressful factors.<sup id="cite_ref-Impacts_of_tourism_:7_126-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Impacts_of_tourism_:7-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, residents can experience <a href="/wiki/Anxiety" title="Anxiety">anxiety</a> and <a href="/wiki/Depression_(mood)" title="Depression (mood)">depression</a> related to their risk perceptions about <a href="/wiki/Mortality_rate" title="Mortality rate">mortality rates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Food_security" title="Food security">food insecurity</a>, contact with infected tourists, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-Impacts_of_tourism_:5_127-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Impacts_of_tourism_:5-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the same time, there are positive long-term impacts of tourism on residents' health and well-being outcomes through improving healthcare access, positive emotions, <a href="/wiki/Novelty" title="Novelty">novelty</a>, and social interactions.</div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tourism_industry_growth">Tourism industry growth</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Tourism industry growth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AYRIVANK_MONASTERY_103_(cropped).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/AYRIVANK_MONASTERY_103_%28cropped%29.JPG/140px-AYRIVANK_MONASTERY_103_%28cropped%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="140" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/AYRIVANK_MONASTERY_103_%28cropped%29.JPG/210px-AYRIVANK_MONASTERY_103_%28cropped%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/AYRIVANK_MONASTERY_103_%28cropped%29.JPG/280px-AYRIVANK_MONASTERY_103_%28cropped%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2585" data-file-height="3520" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cultural_tourism" title="Cultural tourism">Cultural tourism</a>: tourists outside a <a href="/wiki/Geghard" title="Geghard">Geghard</a> monastery in <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>, 2015</figcaption></figure> <p>In 2004 the <a href="/wiki/World_Tourism_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="World Tourism Organization">World Tourism Organization</a> (UNWTO) forecasts that international tourism will continue growing at the average annual rate of 4 percent.<sup id="cite_ref-predict_128-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-predict-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the advent of <a href="/wiki/Electronic_commerce" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic commerce">e-commerce</a>, tourism products have become prominent traded items on the internet.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tourism products and services have been made available through intermediaries, although tourism providers (hotels, airlines, etc.), including small-scale operators, can sell their services directly.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a result of the <a href="/wiki/Late-2000s_recession" class="mw-redirect" title="Late-2000s recession">late-2000s recession</a>, international arrivals experienced a strong slowdown beginning in June 2008. Growth from 2007 to 2008 was only 3.7 percent during the first eight months of 2008. This slowdown on international tourism demand was also reflected in the air transport industry, with negative growth in September 2008 and a 3.3% growth in passenger traffic through September. The hotel industry also reported a slowdown, with room occupancy declining. In 2009 worldwide tourism arrivals decreased by 3.8 percent.<sup id="cite_ref-UNWTO_133-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNWTO-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the first quarter of 2009, real travel demand in the United States had fallen 6 percent over six quarters. While this was considerably milder than what occurred after the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a>, the decline was at twice the rate, as real GDP has fallen.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, evidence suggests that tourism as a global phenomenon shows no signs of substantially abating in the long term.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The UNWTO has noted, that tourists increasingly view vacations and travel as a necessity rather than a luxury, and that this shift in attitudes may explain tourist numbers recovering globally in 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-UNWTO_133-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNWTO-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It has been suggested there is a strong correlation between tourism expenditure per capita and the degree to which countries play in the global context.<sup id="cite_ref-correl_137-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-correl-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Not only as a result of the important economic contribution of the tourism industry, but also as an indicator of the degree of confidence with which global citizens leverage the resources of the globe for the benefit of their <a href="/wiki/Community-based_economics" title="Community-based economics">local economies</a>. This is why any projections of growth in tourism may serve as an indication of the relative influence that each country will exercise in the future. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liabilities_and_insurance">Liabilities and insurance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Liabilities and insurance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a> the tourism industry operators had to consider the health and safety of tourists because it became increasingly difficult to obtain <a href="/wiki/Liability_insurance" title="Liability insurance">liability insurance</a>. The organisations willing to provide <a href="/wiki/Insurance" title="Insurance">insurance</a> to tourism industry operators required, that operators put in place <a href="/wiki/Best_practice" title="Best practice">best practice</a> risk management structures. This included, that whatever was promised in the contract about the holiday was really delivered by the operator.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Space_tourism">Space tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Space tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Space_tourism" title="Space tourism">Space tourism</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:White_Knight_Two_and_SpaceShipTwo_from_directly_below.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/White_Knight_Two_and_SpaceShipTwo_from_directly_below.jpg/220px-White_Knight_Two_and_SpaceShipTwo_from_directly_below.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/White_Knight_Two_and_SpaceShipTwo_from_directly_below.jpg/330px-White_Knight_Two_and_SpaceShipTwo_from_directly_below.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/White_Knight_Two_and_SpaceShipTwo_from_directly_below.jpg/440px-White_Knight_Two_and_SpaceShipTwo_from_directly_below.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3089" data-file-height="2206" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/SpaceShipTwo" title="SpaceShipTwo">SpaceShipTwo</a>, a major project in <a href="/wiki/Space_tourism" title="Space tourism">space tourism</a></figcaption></figure> <p>There has been a limited amount of orbital <a href="/wiki/Space_tourism" title="Space tourism">space tourism</a>, with only the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Space_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Space Agency">Russian Space Agency</a> providing transport to date. A 2010 report into space tourism anticipated that it could become a billion-dollar market by 2030.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The space market has been around since 1979, however, there has been a limited amount of orbital <a href="/wiki/Space_tourism" title="Space tourism">space tourism</a>, with only the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Space_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Space Agency">Russian Space Agency</a> providing transport on its <a href="/wiki/Soyuz_(spacecraft)" title="Soyuz (spacecraft)">Soyuz</a> and the Chinese <a href="/wiki/Shenzhou_(spacecraft)" title="Shenzhou (spacecraft)">Shenzhou</a> being the only two spacecrafts suitable for human travel . In April 2001, Dennis Tito, a customer of the Russian Soyuz became the first tourist to visit space. In May 2011, <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Galactic" title="Virgin Galactic">Virgin Galactic</a> launched its <a href="/wiki/SpaceShipTwo" title="SpaceShipTwo">SpaceShipTwo</a> plane that allows people to travel 2 hours space at the advertised price of $200,000 per seat. A challenge that the commercial space tourism industry faces is to be able to have fundings from private investments needed to lower the cost of access to space in addition to being able to encourage both private and public sector support to increase capacity to allow commercial passengers. With space tourism still being new concept, there are many factors that needs to be considered for the industry. From its actual demand to its risk factor to its liabilities and insurance issues, there are still a lot of research that needs to be conducted. A 2010 report into space tourism anticipated that the industry is expected to grow by 18% - 26% per year during 2020 to 2030. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports_tourism">Sports tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Sports tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sports_tourism" title="Sports tourism">Sports tourism</a></div> <p>Sports tourism that attracts spectators is associated with negative impacts such as traffic congestion, vandalism, and anti-social behaviour. Sports tourist destinations may therefore be subject public displays of resentment and antagonism even though the host community benefits substantially. Sports tourism growth and decline can be subject to international commercial sporting events. For example, the irreversible environmental damage caused by the <a href="/wiki/1992_Winter_Olympics" title="1992 Winter Olympics">1992 Winter Olympics</a> is cited as a reason for stagnating ski tourism.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Security_in_Tourism">Security in Tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Security in Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Security in Tourism is a sub-discipline of tourist studies that explores the factors that affect the ontological security of tourists. Risks are evaluated by their impact and nature.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tourism security includes methodologies, theories and techniques oriented to protect the organic image of tourist destinations.<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three academic waves are significant in tourism security: risk perception theory, disaster management, and post-disaster consumption.<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Andrew Spencer & Peter Tarlow argue that tourism security is not an easy concept to define. It includes a set of sub-disciplines, and global risks different in nature which cause different effects in the tourism industry. The rise of tourism security and safety as a consolidated discipline coincides with the globalization and ultimate maturation of the industry worldwide. Some threats include, for example, terrorist groups looking to destabilize governments affecting not only the local economies but killing foreign tourists to cause geopolitical tensions between delivery-country and receiving-tourist countries. Today, island destinations are more affected by terrorism and other global risks than other continent destinations <sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Impacts_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic">Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_tourism" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism">Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism</a></div> <p>In 2020 the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> travel bans and a substantial reduction in passenger travel by air and sea contributed to a <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_tourism" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism">sharp decline in tourism activity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/World_Tourism_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="World Tourism Organization">World Tourism Organization (WTO)</a> reported a 70% decrease in international travel in 2020, where 165 of 217 worldwide destinations completely stopped international tourism by April 2020. Since every country imposes different travel restrictions, it makes traveling plans complicated and often too difficult to figure out, thus the willingness to travel for the general population decreases. It is estimated that the United States lost 147 billion U.S. dollars in revenue from tourism between January and October 2020. Spain had the next highest loss of revenue at around 46.7 billion U.S dollars, and countries in Africa collectively lost about 55 billion dollars during April and June 2020.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Social_sciences.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/40px-Social_sciences.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/60px-Social_sciences.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/120px-Social_sciences.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="139" data-file-height="122" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Society" title="Portal:Society">Society portal</a></span></li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115" /><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Business_tourism" title="Business tourism">Business tourism</a> – Type of tourism</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_travel" title="Cultural travel">Cultural travel</a> – Style of tourism</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_effects_of_aviation" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental effects of aviation">Environmental effects of aviation</a> – Effect of emissions from aircraft engines<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_tourism_advertising" title="International tourism advertising">International tourism advertising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_tourism" title="Medical tourism">Medical tourism</a> – People traveling abroad to obtain medical treatment</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_tourism" title="Outline of tourism">Outline of tourism</a> – Overview and topical guide of tourism</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overtourism" title="Overtourism">Overtourism</a> – Excessive number of tourists</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_tourism" title="Science tourism">Science tourism</a> – Travel to notable science locations</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuba_diving_tourism" title="Scuba diving tourism">Scuba diving tourism</a> – Industry based on recreational diver travel</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_tourism" title="Sex tourism">Sex tourism</a> – Travel to engage in sexual activity</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snorkeling" title="Snorkeling">Snorkeling</a> – Swimming while inhaling through a snorkel</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terminal_tourism" title="Terminal tourism">Terminal tourism</a> – tourism around visits to internal facilities in domestic and international airports<span style="display:none" class="category-wikidata-fallback-annotation">Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tombstone_tourist" title="Tombstone tourist">Tombstone tourist</a> – Person who visits grave sites</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tour_guide" title="Tour guide">Tour guide</a> – Person who provides information and heritage interpretation to tourists</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourist_attraction" title="Tourist attraction">Tourist attraction</a> – Place of interest where tourists visit</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touron" title="Touron">Touron</a> – Tourist that commits an act of stupidity</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_agency" title="Travel agency">Travel agency</a> – Retailer that provides tourism-related services</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_visa" title="Travel visa">Travel visa</a> – Authority to enter, stay in, or exit a territory</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Tourism_rankings" title="World Tourism rankings">World Tourism rankings</a> – List compiled by the UN World Tourism Organization</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourismphobia" title="Tourismphobia">Tourismphobia</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFReference-OED-tourism" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid 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<li id="cite_note-unwto1034-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-unwto1034_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-unwto1034_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100922120940/http://pub.unwto.org/WebRoot/Store/Shops/Infoshop/Products/1034/1034-1.pdf">"UNWTO technical manual: Collection of Tourism Expenditure Statistics"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. World Tourism Organization. 1995. p. 10. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pub.unwto.org/WebRoot/Store/Shops/Infoshop/Products/1034/1034-1.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 22 September 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UNWTO+technical+manual%3A+Collection+of+Tourism+Expenditure+Statistics&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=World+Tourism+Organization&rft.date=1995&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpub.unwto.org%2FWebRoot%2FStore%2FShops%2FInfoshop%2FProducts%2F1034%2F1034-1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barom2009-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Barom2009_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131017212434/http://www2.unwto.org/facts/eng/pdf/barometer/UNWTO_Barom09_1_en.pdf">"International tourism challenged by deteriorating global economy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>UNWTO World Tourism Barometer</i>. <b>7</b> (1). January 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unwto.org/facts/eng/pdf/barometer/UNWTO_Barom09_1_en.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 17 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=UNWTO+World+Tourism+Barometer&rft.atitle=International+tourism+challenged+by+deteriorating+global+economy&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2009-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unwto.org%2Ffacts%2Feng%2Fpdf%2Fbarometer%2FUNWTO_Barom09_1_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WTOaugust10-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WTOaugust10_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131017203915/http://www2.unwto.org/facts/eng/pdf/barometer/UNWTO_Barom10_update_august_en.pdf">"UNWTO World Tourism Barometer Interim Update"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>UNWTO World Tourism Barometer</i>. August 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unwto.org/facts/eng/pdf/barometer/UNWTO_Barom10_update_august_en.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 17 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=UNWTO+World+Tourism+Barometer&rft.atitle=UNWTO+World+Tourism+Barometer+Interim+Update&rft.date=2010-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unwto.org%2Ffacts%2Feng%2Fpdf%2Fbarometer%2FUNWTO_Barom10_update_august_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unwto.org/news/covid-19-international-tourist-numbers-could-fall-60-80-in-2020">"International Tourist Numbers Could Fall 60-80% in 2020"</a>. <i>www.unwto.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.unwto.org&rft.atitle=International+Tourist+Numbers+Could+Fall+60-80%25+in+2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unwto.org%2Fnews%2Fcovid-19-international-tourist-numbers-could-fall-60-80-in-2020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pr12027-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pr12027_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pr12027_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMagalhães2017" class="citation book cs1">Magalhães, Bianca dos Santos (1 July 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/5202"><i>UNWTO Tourism Highlights: 2017 Edition</i></a>. World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.18111%2F9789284419029">10.18111/9789284419029</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-844-1902-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-844-1902-9"><bdi>978-92-844-1902-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=UNWTO+Tourism+Highlights%3A+2017+Edition&rft.pub=World+Tourism+Organization+%28UNWTO%29&rft.date=2017-07-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.18111%2F9789284419029&rft.isbn=978-92-844-1902-9&rft.aulast=Magalh%C3%A3es&rft.aufirst=Bianca+dos+Santos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftede.ufrrj.br%2Fjspui%2Fhandle%2Fjspui%2F5202&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barom2012-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Barom2012_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130228162347/http://dtxtq4w60xqpw.cloudfront.net/sites/all/files/pdf/unwto_barom13_01_jan_excerpt_0.pdf">"UNWTO World Tourism Barometer"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>UNWTO World Tourism Barometer</i>. <b>11</b> (1). January 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dtxtq4w60xqpw.cloudfront.net/sites/all/files/pdf/unwto_barom13_01_jan_excerpt_0.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 28 February 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=UNWTO+World+Tourism+Barometer&rft.atitle=UNWTO+World+Tourism+Barometer&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2013-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdtxtq4w60xqpw.cloudfront.net%2Fsites%2Fall%2Ffiles%2Fpdf%2Funwto_barom13_01_jan_excerpt_0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barom201304-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Barom201304_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130408071943/http://media.unwto.org/en/press-release/2013-04-04/china-new-number-one-tourism-source-market-world">"China – the new number one tourism source market in the world"</a>. <a href="/wiki/World_Tourism_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="World Tourism Organization">World Tourism Organization</a>. 4 April 2013. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=China+%E2%80%93+the+new+number+one+tourism+source+market+in+the+world&rft.pub=World+Tourism+Organization&rft.date=2013-04-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmedia.unwto.org%2Fen%2Fpress-release%2F2013-04-04%2Fchina-new-number-one-tourism-source-market-world&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLenzenSunFaturayTing2018" class="citation journal cs1">Lenzen, Manfred; Sun, Ya-Yen; Faturay, Futu; Ting, Yuan-Peng; Geschke, Arne; Malik, Arunima (7 May 2018). "The carbon footprint of global tourism". <i>Nature Climate Change</i>. <b>8</b> (6). Springer Nature Limited: <span class="nowrap">522–</span>528. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018NatCC...8..522L">2018NatCC...8..522L</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41558-018-0141-x">10.1038/s41558-018-0141-x</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1758-6798">1758-6798</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:90810502">90810502</a>. <q>[...] between 2009 and 2013, tourism's global carbon footprint has increased from 3.9 to 4.5 GtCO2e, four times more than previously estimated, accounting for about 8% of global greenhouse gas emissions. Transport, shopping and food are significant contributors. The majority of this footprint is exerted by and in high-income countries.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Climate+Change&rft.atitle=The+carbon+footprint+of+global+tourism&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E522-%3C%2Fspan%3E528&rft.date=2018-05-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41558-018-0141-x&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A90810502%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1758-6798&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2018NatCC...8..522L&rft.aulast=Lenzen&rft.aufirst=Manfred&rft.au=Sun%2C+Ya-Yen&rft.au=Faturay%2C+Futu&rft.au=Ting%2C+Yuan-Peng&rft.au=Geschke%2C+Arne&rft.au=Malik%2C+Arunima&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/9789284419340"><i>Tourism and the Sustainable Development Goals – Journey to 2030, Highlights</i></a>. World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). 18 December 2017. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.18111%2F9789284419340">10.18111/9789284419340</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-844-1934-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-844-1934-0"><bdi>978-92-844-1934-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tourism+and+the+Sustainable+Development+Goals+%E2%80%93+Journey+to+2030%2C+Highlights&rft.pub=World+Tourism+Organization+%28UNWTO%29&rft.date=2017-12-18&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.18111%2F9789284419340&rft.isbn=978-92-844-1934-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.e-unwto.org%2Fdoi%2Fbook%2F10.18111%2F9789284419340&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGriffithsGriffiths,_G.E.1772" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Griffiths" title="Ralph Griffiths">Griffiths, Ralph</a>; Griffiths, G.E. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Monthly+Review%2C+Or%2C+Literary+Journal&rft.atitle=Pennant%27s+Tour+in+Scotland+in+1769&rft.volume=46&rft.pages=150&rft.date=1772&rft.aulast=Griffiths&rft.aufirst=Ralph&rft.au=Griffiths%2C+G.E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxS8oAAAAYAAJ%26q%3Dtourist%26pg%3DPA150&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHarper" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Harper" title="Douglas Harper">Harper, Douglas</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?allowed_in_frame=0&search=tour&searchmode=none">"tour (n.)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Online_Etymology_Dictionary" class="mw-redirect" title="Online Etymology Dictionary">Online Etymology Dictionary</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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World Tourism Organization. June 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mkt.unwto.org/sites/all/files/pdf/unwto_pisa_2011_1.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 19 November 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 August</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=UNWTO+World+Tourism+Barometer&rft.atitle=UNWTO+World+Tourism+Barometer+June+2009&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.date=2011-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmkt.unwto.org%2Fsites%2Fall%2Ffiles%2Fpdf%2Funwto_pisa_2011_1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WTO2011Highlights-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WTO2011Highlights_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120113021355/http://mkt.unwto.org/sites/all/files/docpdf/unwtohighlights11enlr.pdf">"2011 Highlights"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>UNWTO World Tourism Highlights</i>. UNWTO. June 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mkt.unwto.org/sites/all/files/docpdf/unwtohighlights11enlr.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 13 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 January</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=UNWTO+World+Tourism+Highlights&rft.atitle=2011+Highlights&rft.date=2011-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmkt.unwto.org%2Fsites%2Fall%2Ffiles%2Fdocpdf%2Funwtohighlights11enlr.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWorld_Tourism_Organization_(UNWTO)2017" class="citation book cs1">World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) (1 July 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/9789284419029"><i>UNWTO Tourism Highlights: 2017 Edition</i></a>. 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University of California Press. p. 12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520218925" title="Special:BookSources/9780520218925"><bdi>9780520218925</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Tourist%3A+A+New+Theory+of+the+Leisure+Class&rft.pages=12&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9780520218925&rft.aulast=Maccannell&rft.aufirst=Dean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_33-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNolt2016" class="citation book cs1">Nolt, Steven (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jhupbooks.press.jhu.edu/title/amish-and-media"><i>The Amish and the Media | Johns Hopkins University Press Books</i></a>. jhupbooks.press.jhu.edu. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fbook.44948">10.1353/book.44948</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781421419572" title="Special:BookSources/9781421419572"><bdi>9781421419572</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Atlantic Publishers & Dist. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7156-977-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7156-977-9"><bdi>978-81-7156-977-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+To+Tourism&rft.pub=Atlantic+Publishers+%26+Dist&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-81-7156-977-9&rft.aulast=Jayapalan&rft.aufirst=N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHFWjoeVCLk0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCasson1994" class="citation book cs1">Casson, Lionel (1994). <i>Travel in the Ancient World</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fordham.edu&rft.atitle=Petrarch%3A+The+Ascent+of+Mount+Ventoux&rft.date=1998-08&rft.aulast=Halsall&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fordham.edu%2Fhalsall%2Fsource%2Fpetrarch-ventoux.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDeschaux,_RobertTaillevent,_Michault1975" class="citation book cs1">Deschaux, Robert; Taillevent, Michault (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7yqsIYSNmLMC&pg=PA32"><i>Un poète bourguignon du XVe siècle, Michault Taillevent: édition et étude</i></a>. Librairie Droz. pp. <span class="nowrap">31–</span>32. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-600-02831-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-600-02831-8"><bdi>978-2-600-02831-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Un+po%C3%A8te+bourguignon+du+XVe+si%C3%A8cle%2C+Michault+Taillevent%3A+%C3%A9dition+et+%C3%A9tude&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E31-%3C%2Fspan%3E32&rft.pub=Librairie+Droz&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=978-2-600-02831-8&rft.au=Deschaux%2C+Robert&rft.au=Taillevent%2C+Michault&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7yqsIYSNmLMC%26pg%3DPA32&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hargett_67-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hargett_67_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hargett 1985, p. 67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHargett1985" class="citation journal cs1">Hargett, James M. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Silva+Rerum&rft.atitle=Dyplomacja+i+turystyka+%E2%80%93+kr%C3%B3lewicz+W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw+Waza+w+posiad%C5%82o%C5%9Bciach+hiszpa%C5%84skich+%281624%E2%80%931625%29&rft.au=Adam+Kucharski&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wilanow-palac.art.pl%2Fdyplomacja_i_turystyka_krolewicz_wladyslaw_waza_w_posiadlosciach_hiszpanskich_1624_1625.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Oxford Illustrated History of Opera</i>, ed. <a href="/wiki/Roger_Parker" title="Roger Parker">Roger Parker</a> (1994): a chapter on Central and Eastern European opera by John Warrack, p. 240; <i>The Viking Opera Guide</i>, ed. Amanda Holden (1993): articles on Polish composers, p. 174</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-singh-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-singh_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-singh_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSingh2008" class="citation book cs1">Singh, L.K. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mWf4PtzRmwUC&q=the%20first%20European%20country%20to%20promote%20leisure%20time%20to%20the%20increasing%20industrial%20population&pg=PA189">"Issues in Tourism Industry"</a>. <i>Fundamental of Tourism and Travel</i>. Delhi: Isha Books. p. 189. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-8205-478-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-8205-478-3"><bdi>978-81-8205-478-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Issues+in+Tourism+Industry&rft.btitle=Fundamental+of+Tourism+and+Travel&rft.place=Delhi&rft.pages=189&rft.pub=Isha+Books&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-81-8205-478-3&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=L.K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmWf4PtzRmwUC%26q%3Dthe%2520first%2520European%2520country%2520to%2520promote%2520leisure%2520time%2520to%2520the%2520increasing%2520industrial%2520population%26pg%3DPA189&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110525050010/http://www.coxandkings.co.uk/aboutus-history.aspx">"History: Centuries of Experience"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cox_%26_Kings" title="Cox & Kings">Cox & Kings</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coxandkings.co.uk/aboutus-history.aspx">the original</a> on 25 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History%3A+Centuries+of+Experience&rft.pub=Cox+%26+Kings&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.coxandkings.co.uk%2Faboutus-history.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ingle, R., 1991 <i>Thomas Cook of Leicester</i>, Bangor, Headstart History</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180919024847/https://www.thomascook.com/thomas-cook-history/">"Thomas Cook History"</a>. <i>Thomas Cook</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thomascook.com/thomas-cook-history/">the original</a> on 19 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Thomas+Cook&rft.atitle=Thomas+Cook+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thomascook.com%2Fthomas-cook-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170805015222/https://www.thomascook.com/thomas-cook-history/key-dates/">"Key Dates 1841–2014"</a>. <i>Thomas Cook</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thomascook.com/thomas-cook-history/key-dates/">the original</a> on 5 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Thomas+Cook&rft.atitle=Key+Dates+1841%E2%80%932014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thomascook.com%2Fthomas-cook-history%2Fkey-dates%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTassiopoulos2008" class="citation book cs1">Tassiopoulos, Dimitri (2008). Tassiopoulos, Dimitri (ed.). <i>New Tourism Ventures: An Entrepreneurial and Managerial Approach</i>. Cape Town: Juta and Company Ltd. p. 10. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780702177262" title="Special:BookSources/9780702177262"><bdi>9780702177262</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Tourism+Ventures%3A+An+Entrepreneurial+and+Managerial+Approach&rft.place=Cape+Town&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=Juta+and+Company+Ltd&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780702177262&rft.aulast=Tassiopoulos&rft.aufirst=Dimitri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation conference cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121120180003/http://www.univeur.org/CMS/UserFiles/65.%20Manila.PDF"><i>Manila Declaration on World Tourism</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. World Tourism Conference. <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>. 10 October 1980. pp. <span class="nowrap">1–</span>4. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.univeur.org/cuebc/downloads/PDF%20carte/65.%20Manila.PDF">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 20 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=Manila+Declaration+on+World+Tourism&rft.place=Manila%2C+Philippines&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E4&rft.date=1980-10-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.univeur.org%2Fcuebc%2Fdownloads%2FPDF%2520carte%2F65.%2520Manila.PDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WTO2012Highlights-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WTO2012Highlights_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120709215809/http://mkt.unwto.org/sites/all/files/docpdf/unwtohighlights12enlr_1.pdf">"2012 Tourism Highlights"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. UNWTO. June 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mkt.unwto.org/sites/all/files/docpdf/unwtohighlights12enlr_1.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 9 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2012+Tourism+Highlights&rft.pub=UNWTO&rft.date=2012-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmkt.unwto.org%2Fsites%2Fall%2Ffiles%2Fdocpdf%2Funwtohighlights12enlr_1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/education/2016/jan/18/travel-broadens-the-mind-but-can-it-alter-the-brain">"Travel broadens the mind, but can it alter the brain?"</a>. <i>theguardian.com</i>. 18 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=theguardian.com&rft.atitle=Travel+broadens+the+mind%2C+but+can+it+alter+the+brain%3F&rft.date=2016-01-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Feducation%2F2016%2Fjan%2F18%2Ftravel-broadens-the-mind-but-can-it-alter-the-brain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRebanks2019" class="citation web cs1">Rebanks, James (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/5mpgT5k3tSNsGBSc0kBD7fg/james-rebanks-one-shepherd-and-his-beloved-herdwick-sheep">"James Rebanks: One shepherd and his beloved Herdwick sheep"</a>. <i>bbc.co.uk</i>. <q><span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"People think travel broadens the mind, I'm not so sure. I think a focus on, and love of, one place can make people rather sensible, decent, and wise' —James Rebanks</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bbc.co.uk&rft.atitle=James+Rebanks%3A+One+shepherd+and+his+beloved+Herdwick+sheep&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Rebanks&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fprogrammes%2Farticles%2F5mpgT5k3tSNsGBSc0kBD7fg%2Fjames-rebanks-one-shepherd-and-his-beloved-herdwick-sheep&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFO'Grady1990" class="citation book cs1">O'Grady, Alison, ed. (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Pvp_AAAAMAAJ"><i>The Challenge of Tourism: Learning Resources for Study and Action</i></a>. Ecumenical Coalition on Third World Tourism. p. 19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789748555706" title="Special:BookSources/9789748555706"><bdi>9789748555706</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2019</span>. <q>[...] the products to be sold to international tourists are not only natural resources such as sea, sand and sun, but also the subservience of people in receiving countries.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Challenge+of+Tourism%3A+Learning+Resources+for+Study+and+Action&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=Ecumenical+Coalition+on+Third+World+Tourism&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=9789748555706&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPvp_AAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSmith2003" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Melanie K. (2003). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/issuesincultural0000smit"><i>Issues in Cultural Tourism Studies</i></a></span>. Tourism / Routledge. London: Routledge. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/issuesincultural0000smit/page/50">50</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-25638-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-25638-4"><bdi>978-0-415-25638-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2018</span>. <q>The globalisation of tourism has partially exacerbated the relationships of inequality and subservience that are so commonplace in host-guest encounters. It is not simply enough for local people to accept their role as servants, guides or companions to a range of ever-changing tourists. They are also confronted increasingly by the luxurious global products of Western indulgence which remain far from their reach, rather like the thirsty Tantalus in his elusive pool of water.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Issues+in+Cultural+Tourism+Studies&rft.place=London&rft.series=Tourism+%2F+Routledge&rft.pages=50&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-415-25638-4&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Melanie+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fissuesincultural0000smit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGösslingHanssonHörstmeierSaggel2002" class="citation journal cs1">Gössling, Stefan; Hansson, Carina Borgström; Hörstmeier, Oliver; Saggel, Stefan (1 December 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921800902002112">"Ecological footprint analysis as a tool to assess tourism sustainability"</a>. <i>Ecological Economics</i>. <b>43</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">199–</span>211. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0921-8009%2802%2900211-2">10.1016/S0921-8009(02)00211-2</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0921-8009">0921-8009</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Economics&rft.atitle=Ecological+footprint+analysis+as+a+tool+to+assess+tourism+sustainability&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E199-%3C%2Fspan%3E211&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0921-8009%2802%2900211-2&rft.issn=0921-8009&rft.aulast=G%C3%B6ssling&rft.aufirst=Stefan&rft.au=Hansson%2C+Carina+Borgstr%C3%B6m&rft.au=H%C3%B6rstmeier%2C+Oliver&rft.au=Saggel%2C+Stefan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FS0921800902002112&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Laurajane_Smith" title="Laurajane Smith">Laurajane Smith</a> "Uses of Heritage" (2006); Regina Bendix, Vladimir Hafstein "Culture and Property. An Introduction" (2009) in Ethnologia Europaea 39/2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gerhard Bitzan, Christine Imlinger "Die Millionen-Marke Habsburg" (German), in Die Presse, 15 July 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rick Szostak: <i>The Causes of Economic Growth: Interdisciplinary Perspectives.</i> Springer Science & Business Media, 2009, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783540922827" title="Special:BookSources/9783540922827">9783540922827</a>; Markus Tauschek "Kulturerbe" (2013), p 166; Laurajane Smith "Uses of Heritage" (2006).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=15207&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html">"UNESCO Legal Instruments: Second Protocol to the Hague Convention of 1954 for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict 1999"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UNESCO+Legal+Instruments%3A+Second+Protocol+to+the+Hague+Convention+of+1954+for+the+Protection+of+Cultural+Property+in+the+Event+of+Armed+Conflict+1999&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fportal.unesco.org%2Fen%2Fev.php-URL_ID%3D15207%26URL_DO%3DDO_TOPIC%26URL_SECTION%3D201.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATourism" class="Z3988"></span>; Roger O'Keefe, Camille Péron, Tofig Musayev, Gianluca Ferrari "Protection of Cultural Property. 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Current Issues in Tourism, 13(5), 401–17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/03/03/briefing/last-chance-tourism.html">"Climate Change Is Making 'Last Chance Tourism' More Popular, and Riskier"</a>. <i>NYT</i>. 4 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NYT&rft.atitle=Climate+Change+Is+Making+%27Last+Chance+Tourism%27+More+Popular%2C+and+Riskier&rft.date=2024-09-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2024%2F03%2F03%2Fbriefing%2Flast-chance-tourism.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJafariScott2014" class="citation journal cs1">Jafari, Jafar; Scott, Noel (1 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:307952/Muslim_World_and_it_Tourisms.pdf">"Muslim world and its tourisms"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Annals of Tourism Research</i>. <b>44</b>: <span class="nowrap">1–</span>19. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.annals.2013.08.011">10.1016/j.annals.2013.08.011</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10072%2F63617">10072/63617</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Tourism+Research&rft.atitle=Muslim+world+and+its+tourisms&rft.volume=44&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E19&rft.date=2014-01-01&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10072%2F63617&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.annals.2013.08.011&rft.aulast=Jafari&rft.aufirst=Jafar&rft.au=Scott%2C+Noel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fespace.library.uq.edu.au%2Fview%2FUQ%3A307952%2FMuslim_World_and_it_Tourisms.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Compare: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGannonBaxterCollinsonCurran2017" class="citation journal cs1">Gannon, Martin Joseph; Baxter, Ian W.F.; Collinson, Elaine; Curran, Ross; Farrington, Thomas; Glasgow, Steven; Godsman, Elliot M.; Gori, Keith; Jack, Gordon R.A. (11 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/70393/3/Umrah-SIJ-2017.pdf">"Travelling for Umrah: destination attributes, destination image, and post-travel intentions"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Service Industries Journal</i>. <b>37</b> (<span class="nowrap">7–</span>8): <span class="nowrap">448–</span>65. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F02642069.2017.1333601">10.1080/02642069.2017.1333601</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0264-2069">0264-2069</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:54745153">54745153</a>. <q>The result from the structural model suggests that destination attributes influence perceived destination image. Further, such tourists are likely to revisit or recommend Islamic destinations if their experience matches their perceived image of the destination. 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S Economy in 2009"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Federal Aviation Administration. September 2010. p. 11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Economic+Impact+of+Commercial+Space+Transportation+on+the+U.+S+Economy+in+2009&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=Federal+Aviation+Administration&rft.date=2010-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.faa.gov%2Fnews%2Fupdates%2Fmedia%2FEconomic%2520Impact%2520Study%2520September%25202010_20101026_PS.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cohen, E. (2017). The paradoxes of space tourism. Tourism Recreation Research, 42(1), 22-31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJames_Higham2007" class="citation book cs1">James Higham (2007). <i>Sport Tourism Destinations</i>. Taylor & Francis. p. 225. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781136364617" title="Special:BookSources/9781136364617"><bdi>9781136364617</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sport+Tourism+Destinations&rft.pages=225&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9781136364617&rft.au=James+Higham&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mansfeld, Y., & Pizam, A. (Eds.). (2006). Tourism, security and safety. Routledge.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tarlow, P. (2014). Tourism security: strategies for effectively managing travel risk and safety. Elsevier.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vanessa GB Gowreesunkar et al. 2020. Tourism Destination Management in a Post-Pandemic Context: Global Issues and Destination Management Solutions, Emerald</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/C2012-0-06812-3"><i>Tourism Security</i></a>. 2014. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fc2012-0-06812-3">10.1016/c2012-0-06812-3</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780124115705" title="Special:BookSources/9780124115705"><bdi>9780124115705</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tourism+Security&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fc2012-0-06812-3&rft.isbn=9780124115705&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%2FC2012-0-06812-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSpencerTarlow2021" class="citation cs2">Spencer, Andrew; Tarlow, Peter (22 February 2021), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/978-1-80071-318-520211003/full/html">"Introduction"</a>, <i>Tourism Safety and Security for the Caribbean</i>, Emerald Publishing Limited, pp. <span class="nowrap">1–</span>14, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1108%2F978-1-80071-318-520211003">10.1108/978-1-80071-318-520211003</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-80071-319-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-80071-319-2"><bdi>978-1-80071-319-2</bdi></a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:240831742">240831742</a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2021</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tourism+Safety+and+Security+for+the+Caribbean&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E14&rft.date=2021-02-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A240831742%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1108%2F978-1-80071-318-520211003&rft.isbn=978-1-80071-319-2&rft.aulast=Spencer&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.au=Tarlow%2C+Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.emerald.com%2Finsight%2Fcontent%2Fdoi%2F10.1108%2F978-1-80071-318-520211003%2Ffull%2Fhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTate" class="citation web cs1">Tate, Curtis. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/travel/2020/10/27/international-tourism-rebound-late-2021-un-panel-covid-19/3748489001/">"International tourism won't come back until late 2021, UN panel predicts"</a>. <i>USA TODAY</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USA+TODAY&rft.atitle=International+tourism+won%27t+come+back+until+late+2021%2C+UN+panel+predicts&rft.aulast=Tate&rft.aufirst=Curtis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Ftravel%2F2020%2F10%2F27%2Finternational-tourism-rebound-late-2021-un-panel-covid-19%2F3748489001%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATourism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_tourism" title="Bibliography of tourism">Bibliography of tourism</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCosta1991" class="citation journal cs1">Costa, P (1991). "Managing tourism carrying capacity of art cities". <i>The Tourist Review</i>. <b>46</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">8–</span>11. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1108%2Feb058076">10.1108/eb058076</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Tourist+Review&rft.atitle=Managing+tourism+carrying+capacity+of+art+cities&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E8-%3C%2Fspan%3E11&rft.date=1991&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1108%2Feb058076&rft.aulast=Costa&rft.aufirst=P&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATourism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGarlick2002" class="citation journal cs1">Garlick, S (2002). "Revealing the unseen: Tourism, art and photography". <i>Cultural Studies</i>. <b>16</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">289–</span>305. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09502380110107599">10.1080/09502380110107599</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143902911">143902911</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cultural+Studies&rft.atitle=Revealing+the+unseen%3A+Tourism%2C+art+and+photography&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E289-%3C%2Fspan%3E305&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F09502380110107599&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143902911%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Garlick&rft.aufirst=S&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATourism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGartner1993" class="citation journal cs1">Gartner, W.C. (1993). "Image formation process". <i>Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing</i>. <b>2</b> (<span class="nowrap">2–</span>3): <span class="nowrap">191–</span>216. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1300%2Fj073v02n02_12">10.1300/j073v02n02_12</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Travel+%26+Tourism+Marketing&rft.atitle=Image+formation+process&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E2%E2%80%93%3C%2Fspan%3E3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E191-%3C%2Fspan%3E216&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1300%2Fj073v02n02_12&rft.aulast=Gartner&rft.aufirst=W.C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATourism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHughes1989" class="citation journal cs1">Hughes, H.L. (1989). "Tourism and the arts". <i>Tourism Management</i>. <b>10</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">97–</span>99. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0261-5177%2889%2990050-2">10.1016/0261-5177(89)90050-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tourism+Management&rft.atitle=Tourism+and+the+arts&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E97-%3C%2Fspan%3E99&rft.date=1989&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0261-5177%2889%2990050-2&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=H.L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATourism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPhelps1986" class="citation journal cs1">Phelps, A (1986). "Holiday destination image: The problem of assessment—an example developed in Minorca". <i>Tourism Management</i>. <b>7</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">168–</span>80. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0261-5177%2886%2990003-8">10.1016/0261-5177(86)90003-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tourism+Management&rft.atitle=Holiday+destination+image%3A+The+problem+of+assessment%E2%80%94an+example+developed+in+Minorca&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E168-%3C%2Fspan%3E80&rft.date=1986&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0261-5177%2886%2990003-8&rft.aulast=Phelps&rft.aufirst=A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATourism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRichardsonCrompton1988" class="citation journal cs1">Richardson, S.; Crompton, J. (1988). "Cultural variations in perceptions of vacation attributes". <i>Tourism Management</i>. <b>9</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">128–</span>36. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0261-5177%2888%2990022-2">10.1016/0261-5177(88)90022-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tourism+Management&rft.atitle=Cultural+variations+in+perceptions+of+vacation+attributes&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E128-%3C%2Fspan%3E36&rft.date=1988&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0261-5177%2888%2990022-2&rft.aulast=Richardson&rft.aufirst=S.&rft.au=Crompton%2C+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATourism" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHolder_IV2009" class="citation thesis cs1">Holder IV, Floyd William (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ecommons.txstate.edu/arp/308/"><i>An Empirical Analysis of the State's Monopolization of the Legitimate Means of Movement: Evaluating the Effects of Required Passport use on International Travel</i></a> (M.P.A. thesis). Texas State University-San Marcos. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/564144593">564144593</a>. Docket <i>Applied Research Projects</i>. Paper 308.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=An+Empirical+Analysis+of+the+State%27s+Monopolization+of+the+Legitimate+Means+of+Movement%3A+Evaluating+the+Effects+of+Required+Passport+use+on+International+Travel&rft.degree=M.P.A.&rft.inst=Texas+State+University-San+Marcos&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F564144593&rft.aulast=Holder+IV&rft.aufirst=Floyd+William&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fecommons.txstate.edu%2Farp%2F308%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATourism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilkerson2003" class="citation journal cs1">Wilkerson, Chad (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110109064443/http://www.kc.frb.org/publicat/econrev/PDF/3q03wilk.pdf">"Travel and Tourism: An Overlooked Industry in the U.S. and Tenth District"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Economic Review</i>. <b>88</b> (Third Quarter): <span class="nowrap">45–</span>72. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0161-2387">0161-2387</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/295437935">295437935</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kc.frb.org/publicat/econrev/Pdf/3q03wilk.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 9 January 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Economic+Review&rft.atitle=Travel+and+Tourism%3A+An+Overlooked+Industry+in+the+U.S.+and+Tenth+District&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=Third+Quarter&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E45-%3C%2Fspan%3E72&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F295437935&rft.issn=0161-2387&rft.aulast=Wilkerson&rft.aufirst=Chad&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kc.frb.org%2Fpublicat%2Feconrev%2FPdf%2F3q03wilk.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATourism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Antje Monshausen, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dandc.eu/en/article/tourism-can-be-made-sustainable-if-industry-respects-local-people-and-protects-environment"><i>Sustainable and development friendly</i></a> In: D+C Vol.42.2015:4</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span 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data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Tourism" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Tourism">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Tourism" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Tourism">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Tourism" class="extiw" title="v:Tourism">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" 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href="/wiki/Beachgoing" title="Beachgoing">Beachgoing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_touring" title="Bicycle touring">Bicycle touring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birth_tourism" title="Birth tourism">Birth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_tourism" title="Business tourism">Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culinary_tourism" title="Culinary tourism">Culinary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enotourism" class="mw-redirect" title="Enotourism">Enotourism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_tourism" title="Cultural tourism">Cultural</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeological_tourism" title="Archaeological tourism">Archaeological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_tourism" title="Film tourism">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literary_tourism" title="Literary tourism">Literary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bookstore_tourism" title="Bookstore tourism">Bookstore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_tourism" title="Tolkien tourism">Tolkien</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_tourism" title="Music tourism">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop-culture_tourism" title="Pop-culture tourism">Pop-culture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_tourism" title="Dark tourism">Dark</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disaster_tourism" title="Disaster tourism">Disaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holocaust_tourism" title="Holocaust tourism">Holocaust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_tourism" title="War tourism">War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_tourism" title="Domestic tourism">Domestic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecotourism" title="Ecotourism">Ecotourism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shark_tourism" title="Shark tourism">Shark</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experiential_travel" title="Experiential travel">Experiential</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_tourism" title="Extreme tourism">Extreme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_tourism" title="Fashion tourism">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_tourism" title="Garden tourism">Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genealogy_tourism" title="Genealogy tourism">Genealogy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_tourism" title="Heritage tourism">Heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identity_tourism" title="Identity tourism">Identity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geotourism" title="Geotourism">Geotourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_tourism" title="Industrial tourism">Industrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_tourism" title="International tourism">International</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_volunteering" title="International volunteering">Volunteering</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jungle_tourism" title="Jungle tourism">Jungle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_tourism" title="Justice tourism">Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_tourism" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT tourism">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_tourism" title="Medical tourism">Medical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MICE_tourism" title="MICE tourism">MICE (Meetings, Incentives, Conferences, Exhibitions)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nautical_tourism" title="Nautical tourism">Nautical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orphanage_tourism" title="Orphanage tourism">Orphanage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recreational_drug_tourism" title="Recreational drug tourism">Recreational drug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_tourism" title="Red tourism">Red</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_tourism" title="Religious tourism">Religious</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_tourism" title="Christian tourism">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halal_tourism" title="Halal tourism">Halal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_tourism" title="Kosher tourism">Kosher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilgrimage" title="Pilgrimage">Pilgrimage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rural_tourism" title="Rural tourism">Rural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_tourism" title="Science tourism">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sensory_tourism" title="Sensory tourism">Sensory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleep_tourism" title="Sleep tourism">Sleep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slum_tourism" title="Slum tourism">Slum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_tourism" title="Smart tourism">Smart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_tourism" title="Space tourism">Space</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_on_the_Moon" title="Tourism on the Moon">Lunar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_tourism" title="Sports tourism">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_tourism" title="Sustainable tourism">Sustainable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_tourism" title="Urban tourism">Urban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_tour" title="Virtual tour">Virtual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visiting_friends_and_relatives" title="Visiting friends and relatives">Visiting friends and relatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellness_tourism" title="Wellness tourism">Wellness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_tourism" title="Wildlife tourism">Wildlife</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Safari" title="Safari">Safari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuba_diving_tourism" title="Scuba diving tourism">Scuba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_tourism" title="Yoga tourism">Yoga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hospitality_industry" title="Hospitality industry">Hospitality industry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bed_and_breakfast" title="Bed and breakfast">Bed and breakfast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boutique_hotel" title="Boutique hotel">Boutique hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_center" title="Convention center">Convention center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruise_ship" title="Cruise ship">Cruise ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destination_spa" title="Destination spa">Destination spa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Receptionist" title="Receptionist">Front desk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guest_house" title="Guest house">Guest house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guest_ranch" title="Guest ranch">Guest ranch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heuhotel" title="Heuhotel">Heuhotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homestay" title="Homestay">Homestay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospitality_management_studies" title="Hospitality management studies">Hospitality management studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hostel" title="Hostel">Hostel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotel" title="Hotel">Hotel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hotel_manager" title="Hotel manager">Manager</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inn" title="Inn">Inn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motel" title="Motel">Motel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pension_(lodging)" title="Pension (lodging)">Pension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referral_chain" title="Referral chain">Referral chain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resort" title="Resort">Resort</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Resort_hotel" title="Resort hotel">Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resort_island" title="Resort island">Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seaside_resort" title="Seaside resort">Seaside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ski_resort" title="Ski resort">Ski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resort_town" title="Resort town">Town</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restaurant" title="Restaurant">Restaurant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terminology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/College_tour" title="College tour">College tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_(meeting)" title="Convention (meeting)">Convention (meeting)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destination_marketing_organization" title="Destination marketing organization">Destination marketing organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escorted_tour" title="Escorted tour">Escorted tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excursion" title="Excursion">Excursion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Factory_tour" title="Factory tour">Factory tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gift_shop" title="Gift shop">Gift shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Tour" title="Grand Tour">Grand Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holiday" title="Holiday">Holiday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honeymoon" title="Honeymoon">Honeymoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypermobility_(travel)" title="Hypermobility (travel)">Hypermobility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journey_planner" title="Journey planner">Journey planner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Package_tour" title="Package tour">Package tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passport" title="Passport">Passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_traveler" title="Perpetual traveler">Perpetual traveler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_trip" title="Road trip">Road trip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roadside_attraction" title="Roadside attraction">Roadside attraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souvenir" title="Souvenir">Souvenir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staycation" title="Staycation">Staycation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tour_bus_service" title="Tour bus service">Tour bus service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tour_guide" title="Tour guide">Tour guide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tour_operator" title="Tour operator">Tour operator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_geography" title="Tourism geography">Tourism geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_minister" title="Tourism minister">Tourism minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_region" title="Tourism region">Tourism region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourist_attraction" title="Tourist attraction">Tourist attraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourist_gateway" title="Tourist gateway">Tourist gateway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourist_trap" title="Tourist trap">Tourist trap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touron" title="Touron">Touron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport" title="Transport">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel" title="Travel">Travel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_agency" title="Travel agency">Travel agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_behavior" title="Travel behavior">Travel behavior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_document" title="Travel document">Travel document</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_insurance" title="Travel insurance">Travel insurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_medicine" title="Travel medicine">Travel medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_survey" title="Travel survey">Travel survey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_technology" title="Travel technology">Travel technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_visa" title="Travel visa">Travel visa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_warning" title="Travel warning">Travel warning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_website" title="Travel website">Travel website</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vacation" title="Vacation">Vacation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visitor_center" title="Visitor center">Visitor center</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Travel_literature" title="Travel literature">Travel literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guide_book" title="Guide book">Guide book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outdoor_literature" title="Outdoor literature">Outdoor literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tourism_journals" title="List of tourism journals">Tourism journals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_travel_magazines" title="List of travel magazines">Travel magazines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikivoyage" title="Wikivoyage">Wikivoyage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trade_association" title="Trade association">Trade associations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Bus_Association" title="American Bus Association">American Bus Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Hotel_and_Lodging_Association" title="American Hotel and Lodging Association">American Hotel and Lodging Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Hotel_%26_Lodging_Educational_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="American Hotel & Lodging Educational Institute">American Hotel & Lodging Educational Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BEST_Education_Network" title="BEST Education Network">BEST Education Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Tourism_Organization" title="Caribbean Tourism Organization">Caribbean Tourism Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Travel_Commission" title="European Travel Commission">European Travel Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_Archive_on_Tourism" title="Historical Archive on Tourism">Historical Archive on Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_Beyond_Tourism" title="Life Beyond Tourism">Life Beyond Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musement" title="Musement">Musement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Asia_Travel_Association" title="Pacific Asia Travel Association">Pacific Asia Travel Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South-East_Asian_Tourism_Organisation" title="South-East Asian Tourism Organisation">South-East Asian Tourism Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_Radio" title="Tourism Radio">Tourism Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_and_Tourism_Competitiveness_Report" class="mw-redirect" title="Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report">Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FIJET" title="FIJET">World Federation of Travel Journalists and Writers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Tourism_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="World Tourism Organization">World Tourism Organization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Tourism_rankings" title="World Tourism rankings">World Tourism rankings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Travel_and_Tourism_Council" title="World Travel and Tourism Council">World Travel and Tourism Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Travel_Monitor" title="World Travel Monitor">World Travel Monitor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trade_fair" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade fair">Trade fairs</a> and events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akwaaba_African_Travel_Market" title="Akwaaba African Travel Market">Akwaaba African Travel Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Travel_Market" title="Arabian Travel Market">Arabian Travel Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruise_of_the_Kings" title="Cruise of the Kings">Cruise of the Kings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festival_del_Viaggio" title="Festival del Viaggio">Festival del Viaggio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFEMA" title="IFEMA">FITUR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITB_Berlin" title="ITB Berlin">ITB Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Tourism_Day" title="World Tourism Day">World Tourism Day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_commodification" title="Heritage commodification">Heritage commodification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_tourism" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism">Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impacts_of_tourism" title="Impacts of tourism">Impacts of tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leakage_effect" title="Leakage effect">Leakage effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overtourism" title="Overtourism">Overtourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_improvement_district" title="Tourism improvement district">Tourism improvement district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourist_tax" title="Tourist tax">Tourist tax</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_adjectival_tourisms" title="List of adjectival tourisms">Adjectival tourisms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_tourist_attractions" title="Lists of tourist attractions">Attractions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_tourism" title="Bibliography of tourism">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_casino_hotels" title="List of casino hotels">Casino hotels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_casinos" title="List of casinos">Casinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_by_international_visitors" title="List of cities by international visitors">Cities by international visitors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_convention_and_exhibition_centers" title="List of convention and exhibition centers">Convention and exhibition centers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cruise_lines" title="List of cruise lines">Cruise lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lists_of_hotels" title="List of lists of hotels">Hotels</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_hotels" title="List of largest hotels">Largest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_motels" title="List of motels">Motels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_passenger_airlines" title="List of passenger airlines">Passenger airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNESCO_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_Lists" title="UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists">UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Sites_by_country" title="World Heritage Sites by country">World Heritage Sites by country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Tourism" title="Category:Tourism">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tourism" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Tourism">Commons</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Travel_and_Tourism" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Travel and Tourism">WikiProject</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tourism_in_Africa270" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tourism_in_Africa" title="Template:Tourism in Africa"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tourism_in_Africa" title="Template talk:Tourism in Africa"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tourism_in_Africa" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tourism in Africa"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tourism_in_Africa270" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Africa" title="Tourism in Africa">Tourism in Africa</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Algeria" title="Tourism in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Angola" title="Tourism in Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Benin" title="Tourism in Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Botswana" title="Tourism in Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Burkina_Faso" title="Tourism in Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Burundi" title="Tourism in Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Cameroon" title="Tourism in Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Cape_Verde" title="Tourism in Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_Central_African_Republic" title="Tourism in the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Chad" title="Tourism in Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_Comoros" title="Tourism in the Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Tourism in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism_in_the_Republic_of_the_Congo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tourism in the Republic of the Congo (page does not exist)">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Djibouti" title="Tourism in Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Egypt" title="Tourism in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Equatorial_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Eritrea" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Eswatini" title="Tourism in Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Ethiopia" title="Tourism in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Gabon" title="Tourism in Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_Gambia" title="Tourism in the Gambia">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Ghana" title="Tourism in Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Guinea-Bissau" title="Tourism in Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Ivory_Coast" title="Tourism in Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Kenya" title="Tourism in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Lesotho" title="Tourism in Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Liberia" title="Tourism in Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Libya" title="Tourism in Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Madagascar" title="Tourism in Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Malawi" title="Tourism in Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Mali" title="Tourism in Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Mauritania" title="Tourism in Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Mauritius" title="Tourism in Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Morocco" title="Tourism in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Mozambique" title="Tourism in Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Namibia" title="Tourism in Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Niger" title="Tourism in Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Nigeria" title="Tourism in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Rwanda" title="Tourism in Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Senegal" title="Tourism in Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Seychelles" title="Tourism in Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Sierra_Leone" title="Tourism in Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Somalia" title="Tourism in Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_South_Africa" title="Tourism in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_South_Sudan" title="Tourism in South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Sudan" title="Tourism in Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Tanzania" title="Tourism in Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism_in_Togo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tourism in Togo (page does not exist)">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Tunisia" title="Tourism in Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Uganda" title="Tourism in Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Zambia" title="Tourism in Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Zimbabwe" title="Tourism in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">States with limited<br />recognition</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism_in_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tourism in the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (page does not exist)">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Somaliland" title="Tourism in Somaliland">Somaliland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Dependencies and<br />other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_Canary_Islands" title="Tourism in the Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism_in_Ceuta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tourism in Ceuta (page does not exist)">Ceuta</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism_in_Melilla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tourism in Melilla (page does not exist)">Melilla</a>  <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Spain)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Madeira" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in Madeira">Madeira</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Portugal)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Mayotte" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in Mayotte">Mayotte</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_R%C3%A9union" title="Tourism in Réunion">Réunion</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(France)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Saint_Helena" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Ascension_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in Ascension Island">Ascension Island</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Tristan_da_Cunha" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in Tristan da Cunha">Tristan da Cunha</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(United Kingdom)</span></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tourism_in_Asia406" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tourism_in_Asia" title="Template:Tourism in Asia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tourism_in_Asia" title="Template talk:Tourism in Asia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tourism_in_Asia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tourism in Asia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tourism_in_Asia406" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Tourism in Asia</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Afghanistan" title="Tourism in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Armenia" title="Tourism in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Azerbaijan" title="Tourism in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Bahrain" title="Tourism in Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Bangladesh" title="Tourism in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Bhutan" title="Tourism in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Brunei" title="Tourism in Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Cambodia" title="Tourism in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_China" title="Tourism in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Cyprus" title="Tourism in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Egypt" title="Tourism in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Tourism in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_India" title="Tourism in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Indonesia" title="Tourism in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Iran" title="Tourism in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Iraq" title="Tourism in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Israel" title="Tourism in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Japan" title="Tourism in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Jordan" title="Tourism in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Kazakhstan" title="Tourism in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_North_Korea" title="Tourism in North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_South_Korea" title="Tourism in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Kuwait" title="Tourism in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Tourism in Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Laos" title="Tourism in Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Lebanon" title="Tourism in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Malaysia" title="Tourism in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_Maldives" title="Tourism in the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Mongolia" title="Tourism in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Myanmar" title="Tourism in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Nepal" title="Tourism in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Oman" title="Tourism in Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Pakistan" title="Tourism in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_Philippines" title="Tourism in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Qatar" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Russia" title="Tourism in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Tourism in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Singapore" title="Tourism in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Tourism in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Syria" title="Tourism in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Tajikistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Thailand" title="Tourism in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Timor-Leste" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in Timor-Leste">Timor-Leste (East Timor)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Turkey" title="Tourism in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Turkmenistan" title="Tourism in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Tourism in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Uzbekistan" title="Tourism in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Vietnam" title="Tourism in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Yemen" title="Tourism in Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with<br />limited recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Abkhazia" title="Tourism in Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="Tourism in Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Tourism in the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_South_Ossetia" title="Tourism in South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Taiwan" title="Tourism in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism_in_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tourism in the British Indian Ocean Territory (page does not exist)">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism_in_Christmas_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tourism in Christmas Island (page does not exist)">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism_in_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tourism in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (page does not exist)">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Hong_Kong" title="Tourism in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Macau" title="Tourism in Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Asia" title="Category:Asia">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/20px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/40px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tourism_in_Europe117" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tourism_in_Europe" title="Template:Tourism in Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tourism_in_Europe" title="Template talk:Tourism in Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tourism_in_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tourism in Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tourism_in_Europe117" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Tourism in Europe</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Albania" title="Tourism in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Andorra" title="Tourism in Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Armenia" title="Tourism in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Austria" title="Tourism in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Azerbaijan" title="Tourism in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Belarus" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Belgium" title="Tourism in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Tourism in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Bulgaria" title="Tourism in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Croatia" title="Tourism in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Cyprus" title="Tourism in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Tourism in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Denmark" title="Tourism in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Estonia" title="Tourism in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Finland" title="Tourism in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_France" title="Tourism in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Tourism in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Germany" title="Tourism in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Greece" title="Tourism in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Hungary" title="Tourism in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Iceland" title="Tourism in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Tourism in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Italy" title="Tourism in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Kazakhstan" title="Tourism in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Latvia" title="Tourism in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Liechtenstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Lithuania" title="Tourism in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Luxembourg" title="Tourism in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Malta" title="Tourism in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Moldova" title="Tourism in Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism_in_Monaco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tourism in Monaco (page does not exist)">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Montenegro" title="Tourism in Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_Netherlands" title="Tourism in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_North_Macedonia" title="Tourism in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Norway" title="Tourism in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Poland" title="Tourism in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Portugal" title="Tourism in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Romania" title="Tourism in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Russia" title="Tourism in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_San_Marino" title="Tourism in San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Serbia" title="Tourism in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Slovakia" title="Tourism in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Slovenia" title="Tourism in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Spain" title="Tourism in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Sweden" title="Tourism in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Switzerland" title="Tourism in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Turkey" title="Tourism in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Ukraine" title="Tourism in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Tourism in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Vatican_City" title="Tourism in Vatican City">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br />recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Abkhazia" title="Tourism in Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Kosovo" title="Tourism in Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="Tourism in Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_South_Ossetia" title="Tourism in South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism_in_Transnistria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tourism in Transnistria (page does not exist)">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and<br />other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_%C3%85land" title="Tourism in Åland">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Tourism in the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Gibraltar" title="Tourism in Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Guernsey" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Tourism in the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Jersey" title="Tourism in Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Svalbard" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in Svalbard">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tourism_in_North_America158" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tourism_in_North_America" title="Template:Tourism in North America"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tourism_in_North_America" title="Template talk:Tourism in North America"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tourism_in_North_America" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tourism in North America"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tourism_in_North_America158" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Tourism in North America</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_Bahamas" title="Tourism in the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Barbados" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Belize" title="Tourism in Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Canada" title="Tourism in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Costa_Rica" title="Tourism in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Cuba" title="Tourism in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Dominica" title="Tourism in Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Tourism in the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_El_Salvador" title="Tourism in El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Grenada" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Guatemala" title="Tourism in Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Haiti" title="Tourism in Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Honduras" title="Tourism in Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Jamaica" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Mexico" title="Tourism in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Nicaragua" title="Tourism in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Panama" title="Tourism in Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Saint_Lucia" title="Tourism in Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_United_States" title="Tourism in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Dependencies and<br />other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Anguilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Aruba" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in Aruba">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Bermuda" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Bonaire" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in Bonaire">Bonaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_British_Virgin_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in the British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_Cayman_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in the Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Cura%C3%A7ao" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in Curaçao">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Greenland" title="Tourism in Greenland">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Guadeloupe" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Martinique" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in Martinique">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism_in_Montserrat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tourism in Montserrat (page does not exist)">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Puerto_Rico" title="Tourism in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in Saint Barthélemy">Saint Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in the Collectivity of Saint Martin">Saint Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism_in_Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tourism in Saint Pierre and Miquelon (page does not exist)">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Saba_(island)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in Saba (island)">Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism_in_Sint_Eustatius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tourism in Sint Eustatius (page does not exist)">Sint Eustatius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Sint_Maarten" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Tourism in the Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in the United States Virgin Islands">United States Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tourism_in_Oceania108" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tourism_in_Oceania" title="Template:Tourism in Oceania"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tourism_in_Oceania" title="Template talk:Tourism in Oceania"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tourism_in_Oceania" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tourism in Oceania"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tourism_in_Oceania108" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Tourism in Oceania</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Australia" title="Tourism in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism_in_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tourism in the Federated States of Micronesia (page does not exist)">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Fiji" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Indonesia" title="Tourism in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Kiribati" title="Tourism in Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism_in_the_Marshall_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tourism in the Marshall Islands (page does not exist)">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Nauru" title="Tourism in Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_New_Zealand" title="Tourism in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Palau" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Tourism in Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Samoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Solomon_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Timor-Leste" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in Timor-Leste">Timor-Leste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Tonga" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Tuvalu" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Vanuatu" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associated states<br />of New Zealand</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism_in_the_Cook_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tourism in the Cook Islands (page does not exist)">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Niue" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in Niue">Niue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies<br />and other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_American_Samoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism_in_Christmas_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tourism in Christmas Island (page does not exist)">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism_in_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tourism in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (page does not exist)">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism_in_Easter_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tourism in Easter Island (page does not exist)">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism_in_French_Polynesia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tourism in French Polynesia (page does not exist)">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Guam" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Hawaii" title="Tourism in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_New_Caledonia" title="Tourism in New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism_in_Norfolk_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tourism in Norfolk Island (page does not exist)">Norfolk Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in the Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_Pitcairn_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in the Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism_in_Tokelau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tourism in Tokelau (page does not exist)">Tokelau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism_in_Wallis_and_Futuna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tourism in Wallis and Futuna (page does not exist)">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tourism_in_South_America211" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tourism_in_South_America" title="Template:Tourism in South America"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tourism_in_South_America" title="Template talk:Tourism in South America"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tourism_in_South_America" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tourism in South America"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tourism_in_South_America211" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Tourism in South America</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Argentina" title="Tourism in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Bolivia" title="Tourism in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Brazil" title="Tourism in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Chile" title="Tourism in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Colombia" title="Tourism in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Ecuador" title="Tourism in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Guyana" title="Tourism in Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Paraguay" title="Tourism in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Peru" title="Tourism in Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Suriname" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Uruguay" title="Tourism in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Venezuela" title="Tourism in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_Falkland_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in the Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism_in_French_Guiana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tourism in French Guiana (page does not exist)">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands"><span style="white-space:normal;">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Major_industries631" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Industries" title="Template:Industries"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Industries" title="Template talk:Industries"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Industries" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Industries"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Major_industries631" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Major <a href="/wiki/Industry_(economics)" title="Industry (economics)">industries</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Natural_sector631" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Primary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Primary sector of the economy">Natural sector</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Biotic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">Agriculture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arable_farming" class="mw-redirect" title="Arable farming">Arable farming</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cereal#Production" title="Cereal">Cereals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legume#Uses" title="Legume">Legumes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetable_farming" title="Vegetable farming">Vegetables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiber_crop" title="Fiber crop">Fiber crops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetable_oil" title="Vegetable oil">Oilseeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_industry" title="Sugar industry">Sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobacco_industry" title="Tobacco industry">Tobacco</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_crop" title="Permanent crop">Permanent crops</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pome" title="Pome">Apples et al.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berry#Commercial_production" title="Berry">Berries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_production" title="Citrus production">Citrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drupe" title="Drupe">Stone fruits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_culinary_fruits#Tropical_and_tropical-like_fruit" title="List of culinary fruits">Tropical fruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viticulture" title="Viticulture">Viticulture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocoa_bean#Cultivation" title="Cocoa bean">Cocoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Coffee industry">Coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea#Production" title="Tea">Tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nut_(fruit)#Production" title="Nut (fruit)">Nuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olive" title="Olive">Olives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medicinal_plants" title="Medicinal plants">Medicinal plants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spice" title="Spice">Spices</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horticulture_industry" title="Horticulture industry">Horticulture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Floral_industry" title="Floral industry">Flowers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seed_company" title="Seed company">Seeds</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_husbandry" title="Animal husbandry">Animal husbandry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beef_cattle" title="Beef cattle">Beef cattle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dairy_farming#Market" title="Dairy farming">Dairy farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fur_farming" title="Fur farming">Fur farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_industry" title="Horse industry">Horses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livestock" title="Livestock">Other livestock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pig_farming" title="Pig farming">Pig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wool#Production" title="Wool">Wool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poultry_farming" title="Poultry farming">Poultry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beekeeping" title="Beekeeping">Beekeeping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cochineal#Farming" title="Cochineal">Cochineal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shellac" title="Shellac">Shellac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silk#Production_process" title="Silk">Silk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting" title="Hunting">Hunting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trapping" title="Trapping">Fur trapping</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Forestry" title="Forestry">Forestry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silviculture" title="Silviculture">Silviculture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bamboo_cultivation" title="Bamboo cultivation">Bamboo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logging" title="Logging">Logging</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Firewood" title="Firewood">Firewood</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rattan#Economic_and_environmental_issues" title="Rattan">Rattan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sap" title="Sap">Tree tapping</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frankincense#Production" title="Frankincense">Frankincense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gum_arabic#Production" title="Gum arabic">Gum arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gutta-percha#Uses" title="Gutta-percha">Gutta-percha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maple_syrup#Production" title="Maple syrup">Maple syrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mastic_(plant_resin)#Cultivation" title="Mastic (plant resin)">Mastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_rubber#Production" title="Natural rubber">Natural rubber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_sugar" title="Palm sugar">Palm sugar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palm_syrup" title="Palm syrup">syrup</a>, & <a href="/wiki/Palm_wine" title="Palm wine">wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_stores_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval stores industry">Pine resin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mushroom_hunting" title="Mushroom hunting">Wild mushrooms</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fungiculture" title="Fungiculture">Fungiculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truffle" title="Truffle">Truffles</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aquatic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry" title="Fishing industry">Fishing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anchovy#Fisheries" title="Anchovy">Anchovies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herring#Fisheries" title="Herring">Herring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardine#Fisheries" title="Sardine">Sardines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cod_fisheries" title="Cod fisheries">Cod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haddock#Fisheries" title="Haddock">Haddock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_pollock#Fisheries" title="Alaska pollock">Pollock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mackerel#Fisheries" title="Mackerel">Mackerel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shark#Fishery" title="Shark">Shark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swordfish#Fisheries" title="Swordfish">Swordfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuna#Fishing_industry" title="Tuna">Tuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crab_fisheries" title="Crab fisheries">Crabs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobster_fishing" title="Lobster fishing">Lobsters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_urchin#As_food" title="Sea urchin">Sea urchins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squid#Commercial_fishing" title="Squid">Squid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whaling" title="Whaling">Whaling</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture" title="Aquaculture">Aquaculture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carp#Aquaculture" title="Carp">Carp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_of_catfish" title="Aquaculture of catfish">Catfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_of_tilapia" title="Aquaculture of tilapia">Tilapia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abalone#Farming" title="Abalone">Abalone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mussel#Aquaculture" title="Mussel">Mussels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyster_farming" title="Oyster farming">Oysters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultured_pearl" title="Cultured pearl">Pearls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_microalgae_in_hatcheries" title="Culture of microalgae in hatcheries">Microalgae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seaweed_farming" title="Seaweed farming">Seaweed</a></li></ul></li> <li>Both <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clam_digging" title="Clam digging">Clams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_cucumbers_as_food" title="Sea cucumbers as food">Sea cucumbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scallop#Seafood_industry" title="Scallop">Scallops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmon" title="Salmon">Salmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrimp#Human_uses" title="Shrimp">Shrimp</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geological</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuel_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Fossil fuel industry">Fossil fuels</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coal_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Coal industry">Coal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peat" title="Peat">Peat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">Natural gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_shale_industry" title="Oil shale industry">Oil shale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_industry" title="Petroleum industry">Petroleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_sands" title="Oil sands">Tar sands</a></li></ul></li> <li>Mining of ores <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aluminium#Production_and_refinement" title="Aluminium">Aluminum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copper#Production" title="Copper">Copper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_ore#Production_and_consumption" title="Iron ore">Iron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_mining" title="Gold mining">Gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_mining" title="Silver mining">Silver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium">Palladium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platinum#Production" title="Platinum">Platinum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithium#Production" title="Lithium">Lithium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rare-earth_element#Global_rare-earth_production" title="Rare-earth element">Rare-earth metals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uranium_mining" title="Uranium mining">Uranium</a></li></ul></li> <li>Other minerals <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gemstone" title="Gemstone">Gemstones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus#Production" title="Phosphorus">Phosphorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potash#Production" title="Potash">Potash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt#Production" title="Salt">Salt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfur#Production" title="Sulfur">Sulfur</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarry" title="Quarry">Quarrying</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gravel_pit" title="Gravel pit">Gravel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sand_mining" title="Sand mining">Sand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalk_mining" title="Chalk mining">Chalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clay_pit" title="Clay pit">Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gypsum#Mining" title="Gypsum">Gypsum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limestone#Uses" title="Limestone">Limestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimension_stone#Production" title="Dimension stone">Dimension stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granite#Industry" title="Granite">Granite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marble#Production" title="Marble">Marble</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Industrial_sector631" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Secondary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Secondary sector of the economy">Industrial sector</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manufacturing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Light_industry" title="Light industry">Light industry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Food_industry" title="Food industry">Food</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feed_manufacturing" title="Feed manufacturing">Animal feed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baking#Commercial_baking" title="Baking">Baking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canning" title="Canning">Canning</a></li> <li>Dairy products</li> <li>Flour</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_industry" title="Meat industry">Meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convenience_food" title="Convenience food">Prepared</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_preservation" title="Food preservation">Preserved</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candy_making" title="Candy making">Sweets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetable_oil#Production" title="Vegetable oil">Vegetable oils</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drink_industry" title="Drink industry">Beverages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brewing_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Brewing industry">Beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bottled_water" title="Bottled water">Bottled water</a></li> <li>Liquor</li> <li>Soft drinks</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winemaking" title="Winemaking">Wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_industry" title="Textile industry">Textiles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carding" title="Carding">Carding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyeing" title="Dyeing">Dyeing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_printing" title="Textile printing">Prints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinning_(textiles)" title="Spinning (textiles)">Spinning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weaving" title="Weaving">Weaving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carpet" title="Carpet">Carpets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lace" title="Lace">Lace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linens" title="Linens">Linens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rope" title="Rope">Rope</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_industry" title="Clothing industry">Clothing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_accessory" title="Fashion accessory">Accessories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dressmaker" title="Dressmaker">Dressmaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fur_clothing" title="Fur clothing">Furs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatmaking" title="Hatmaking">Hatmaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewing" title="Sewing">Sewing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoemaking" title="Shoemaking">Shoemaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tailor" title="Tailor">Tailoring</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Printing" title="Printing">Printing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bookbinding" title="Bookbinding">Bookbinding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_embossing" title="Paper embossing">Embossing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engraving" title="Engraving">Engraving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_printing" title="Security printing">Secure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typesetting" title="Typesetting">Typesetting</a></li></ul></li> <li>Media reproduction <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cassette_tape" class="mw-redirect" title="Cassette tape">Cassette tapes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Production_of_phonograph_records" title="Production of phonograph records">Phonographs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compact_Disc_manufacturing" class="mw-redirect" title="Compact Disc manufacturing">Optical discs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metal_fabrication" title="Metal fabrication">Metal fabrication</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boilermaking" class="mw-redirect" title="Boilermaking">Boilermaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Builders_hardware" title="Builders hardware">Builders'</a> & <a href="/wiki/Household_hardware" class="mw-redirect" title="Household hardware">household hardware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cutlery" title="Cutlery">Cutlery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunsmith" title="Gunsmith">Gunsmithing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locksmithing" title="Locksmithing">Locksmithing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machine_shop" title="Machine shop">Machining</a></li> <li>Other <a href="/wiki/Metalsmith" title="Metalsmith">smithing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powder_metallurgy" title="Powder metallurgy">Powder metallurgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefabrication" title="Prefabrication">Prefabrication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface_finishing" title="Surface finishing">Surface finishing</a></li></ul></li> <li>Other fabrication <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3D_printing" title="3D printing">3D printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blow_molding" title="Blow molding">Blow molding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drawing_(manufacturing)" title="Drawing (manufacturing)">Drawing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extrusion" title="Extrusion">Extrusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glassblowing" title="Glassblowing">Glassblowing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Injection_moulding" title="Injection moulding">Injection moulding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pottery" title="Pottery">Pottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sintering" title="Sintering">Sintering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonemasonry" title="Stonemasonry">Stonemasonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodworking" title="Woodworking">Woodworking</a></li></ul></li> <li>Furniture</li> <li>Other goods <ul><li>Baggage</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_industry" title="Bicycle industry">Bicycles</a></li> <li>Jewellery</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_device" title="Medical device">Medical supplies</a></li> <li>Musical instruments</li> <li>Office supplies</li> <li>Outdoors & sports equipment</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_protective_equipment" title="Personal protective equipment">Personal protective equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toy#Economics" title="Toy">Toys</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Electrical <br /> & optical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electronics_industry" title="Electronics industry">Electronics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_component" title="Electronic component">Components</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Printed_circuit_board#Manufacturing" title="Printed circuit board">Circuit boards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semiconductor_industry" title="Semiconductor industry">Semiconductors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer industry">Computers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_computer_system_manufacturers" title="List of computer system manufacturers">Computer systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_computer_hardware_manufacturers" title="List of computer hardware manufacturers">Parts & peripherals</a></li> <li>Blank <a href="/wiki/Computer_data_storage#Storage_media" title="Computer data storage">storage media</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_equipment" title="Telecommunications equipment">Communications equipment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone#Sales" title="Mobile phone">Mobile phones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_equipment_provider" title="Network equipment provider">Network infrastructure</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_electronics#Products" title="Consumer electronics">Consumer electronics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Television_set#Major_manufacturers" title="Television set">Televisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_console#Market" title="Video game console">Video game consoles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instrumentation" title="Instrumentation">Instrumentation</a> <ul><li>Clocks and watches</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satellite_navigation_device#Consumer_applications" title="Satellite navigation device">GPS devices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_instrument#List_of_scientific_instruments_manufacturers" title="Scientific instrument">Scientific instruments</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_imaging#Industry" title="Medical imaging">Medical imaging systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_instrument" title="Optical instrument">Optical instruments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camera" title="Camera">Cameras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telescopic_sight" title="Telescopic sight">Gun</a> & <a href="/wiki/Spotting_scope" title="Spotting scope">spotting scopes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laser_construction" title="Laser construction">Laser construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_manufacturing_and_testing" title="Optical manufacturing and testing">Lens grinding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microscope" title="Microscope">Microscopes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telescope" title="Telescope">Telescopes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrical_device" title="Electrical device">Electrical equipment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electric_battery" title="Electric battery">Batteries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrical_cable" title="Electrical cable">Electrical</a> & <a href="/wiki/Optical_fiber" title="Optical fiber">fiber optic</a> cables</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_light" title="Electric light">Electric lighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_motor" title="Electric motor">Electric motors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_appliance" title="Home appliance">Home appliances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transformer" title="Transformer">Transformers</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_industry" title="Chemical industry">Chemicals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Coal & <a href="/wiki/Oil_refinery" title="Oil refinery">oil refining</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bitumen" title="Bitumen">Bitumen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coke_(fuel)" title="Coke (fuel)">Coke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diesel_fuel" title="Diesel fuel">Diesel fuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuel_oil" title="Fuel oil">Fuel oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gasoline" title="Gasoline">Gasoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jet_fuel" title="Jet fuel">Jet fuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerosene" title="Kerosene">Kerosene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mineral_oil" title="Mineral oil">Mineral oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraffin_wax" title="Paraffin wax">Paraffin wax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrochemical" title="Petrochemical">Petrochemicals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_jelly" title="Petroleum jelly">Petroleum jelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propane" title="Propane">Propane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthetic_oil" title="Synthetic oil">Synthetic oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tar" title="Tar">Tar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodity_chemicals" title="Commodity chemicals">Commodity chemicals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fertilizer#Production" title="Fertilizer">Fertilizers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_gas" title="Industrial gas">Industrial gases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pigment" title="Pigment">Pigments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_element#Allotropes" title="Chemical element">Pure elements</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speciality_chemicals" title="Speciality chemicals">Speciality chemicals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adhesive" title="Adhesive">Adhesives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agrochemical" title="Agrochemical">Agrochemicals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aroma_compound" title="Aroma compound">Aroma compounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleaning_agent" title="Cleaning agent">Cleaning products</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmetics" title="Cosmetics">Cosmetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explosive" title="Explosive">Explosives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fireworks" title="Fireworks">Fireworks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paint" title="Paint">Paints</a> & <a href="/wiki/Ink" title="Ink">inks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perfume" title="Perfume">Perfumes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soap" title="Soap">Soap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toiletries" class="mw-redirect" title="Toiletries">Toiletries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fine_chemical" title="Fine chemical">Fine chemicals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industry" title="Pharmaceutical industry">Pharmaceuticals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Production_of_antibiotics" title="Production of antibiotics">Antibiotics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_product" title="Blood product">Blood products</a></li> <li>Chemical & hormonal <a href="/wiki/Birth_control" title="Birth control">contraceptives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generic_drug" title="Generic drug">Generic drugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade" title="Illegal drug trade">Illegal drugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dietary_supplement" title="Dietary supplement">Supplements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaccine" title="Vaccine">Vaccines</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Materials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leather" title="Leather">Leather</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liming_(leather_processing)" title="Liming (leather processing)">Liming</a> & <a href="/wiki/Deliming" title="Deliming">deliming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanning_(leather)" title="Tanning (leather)">Tanning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Currier" title="Currier">Currying</a> & <a href="/wiki/Oiling_(leather_processing)" title="Oiling (leather processing)">oiling</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_industry" title="Wood industry">Wood</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wood_drying" title="Wood drying">Drying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawmill" title="Sawmill">Sawmilling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engineered_wood" title="Engineered wood">Engineered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumber" title="Lumber">Lumber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood-plastic_composite" class="mw-redirect" title="Wood-plastic composite">Composite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_and_paper_industry" title="Pulp and paper industry">Paper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sizing#Papermaking" title="Sizing">Sizing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardboard" title="Cardboard">Cardboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_(paper)" title="Pulp (paper)">Pulp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tissue_paper" title="Tissue paper">Tissue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthetic_rubber" title="Synthetic rubber">Rubber</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tire_manufacturing" title="Tire manufacturing">Tires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulcanization" title="Vulcanization">Vulcanized rubber</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastics_industry" title="Plastics industry">Plastics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commodity_plastics" title="Commodity plastics">Commodity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engineering_plastic" title="Engineering plastic">Engineered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-performance_plastics" title="High-performance plastics">Specialty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelletizing" title="Pelletizing">Pellets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthetic_fiber" title="Synthetic fiber">Synthetic fibers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermoplastic" title="Thermoplastic">Thermoplastics</a> & <a href="/wiki/Thermosetting_polymer" title="Thermosetting polymer">thermosets</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_production" title="Glass production">Glass</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borosilicate_glass" title="Borosilicate glass">Borosilicate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fused_quartz" title="Fused quartz">Fused quartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soda%E2%80%93lime_glass" title="Soda–lime glass">Soda-lime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Float_glass" title="Float glass">Float glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_fiber" title="Glass fiber">Glass fiber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_wool" title="Glass wool">Glass wool</a> & <a href="/wiki/Fiberglass" title="Fiberglass">fiberglass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety_glass" title="Safety glass">Safety glass</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceramic" title="Ceramic">Ceramics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brickworks" title="Brickworks">Brick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earthenware" title="Earthenware">Earthenware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porcelain#Other_uses" title="Porcelain">Porcelain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refractory" title="Refractory">Refractory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tile" title="Tile">Tile</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cement#Cement_industry_in_the_world" title="Cement">Cement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mortar_(masonry)" title="Mortar (masonry)">Mortar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaster" title="Plaster">Plaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ready-mix_concrete" title="Ready-mix concrete">Ready-mix concrete</a></li></ul></li> <li>Other mineral <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abrasive" title="Abrasive">Abrasives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_fibers" title="Carbon fibers">Carbon fibers</a> & <a href="/wiki/Allotropes_of_carbon" title="Allotropes of carbon">advanced materials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mineral_wool" title="Mineral wool">Mineral wool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthetic_gem" class="mw-redirect" title="Synthetic gem">Synthetic gems</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extractive_metallurgy" title="Extractive metallurgy">Metal refining</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ironworks" title="Ironworks">Iron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aluminium_smelting" title="Aluminium smelting">Aluminum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copper_extraction" title="Copper extraction">Copper</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alloy" title="Alloy">Alloys</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steel_mill" title="Steel mill">Steel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forming_(metalworking)" title="Forming (metalworking)">Formed metal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rolling_(metalworking)" title="Rolling (metalworking)">Rolled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forging" title="Forging">Forged</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundry" title="Foundry">Cast metal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Heavy_industry" title="Heavy industry">Heavy industry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Machine_industry" title="Machine industry">Machinery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conveyor_system" title="Conveyor system">Conveyors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_equipment" title="Heavy equipment">Heavy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydraulic_machinery" title="Hydraulic machinery">Hydraulic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machine_tool_builder" title="Machine tool builder">Machine tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turbo_generator" title="Turbo generator">Power</a> & <a href="/wiki/Wind_turbine" title="Wind turbine">wind turbines</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry" title="Automotive industry">Automobiles</a></li> <li>Other heavy <a href="/wiki/Vehicle" title="Vehicle">vehicles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aerospace_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Aerospace industry">Aerospace</a> & <a href="/wiki/Space_industry" title="Space industry">space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolling_stock" title="Rolling stock">Rail vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipbuilding" title="Shipbuilding">Ships</a> & <a href="/wiki/Oil_platform" title="Oil platform">offshore platforms</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arms_industry" title="Arms industry">Weapons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Public_utility" title="Public utility">Utilities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Power <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electric_power_industry" title="Electric power industry">Electric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_gas#Domestic_use" title="Natural gas">Gas distribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_commercialization" title="Renewable energy commercialization">Renewable</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_industry" title="Water industry">Water</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sewage_treatment" title="Sewage treatment">Sewage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_industry" title="Waste management industry">Waste management</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Waste_collection" title="Waste collection">Collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landfill" title="Landfill">Dumping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazardous_waste" title="Hazardous waste">Hazardous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recycling" title="Recycling">Recycling</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_remediation" title="Environmental remediation">Remediation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_industry" title="Telecommunications industry">Telecom networks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cable_television" title="Cable television">Cable TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_service_provider" title="Internet service provider">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_operator" title="Mobile phone operator">Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_satellite" title="Communications satellite">Satellite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telephone_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Telephone company">Telephone</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Construction" title="Construction">Construction</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Building" title="Building">Buildings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_property" title="Commercial property">Commercial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_architecture" title="Industrial architecture">Industrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_construction" title="Home construction">Residential</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_engineering" title="Civil engineering">Civil engineering</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_building" class="mw-redirect" title="Bridge building">Bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railway_track" title="Railway track">Railways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roadbuilding" class="mw-redirect" title="Roadbuilding">Roads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunnel#Construction" title="Tunnel">Tunnels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal#Construction" title="Canal">Canals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dam" title="Dam">Dams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dredging#Major_dredging_companies" title="Dredging">Dredging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbor" title="Harbor">Harbors</a></li></ul></li> <li>Specialty trades <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinetry" title="Cabinetry">Cabinetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demolition" title="Demolition">Demolition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrical_wiring" title="Electrical wiring">Electrical wiring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elevator_mechanic" title="Elevator mechanic">Elevators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heating,_ventilation,_and_air_conditioning#HVAC_industry_and_standards" title="Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning">HVAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator" title="House painter and decorator">Painting and decorating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plumbing" title="Plumbing">Plumbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earthworks_(engineering)" title="Earthworks (engineering)">Site preparation</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Service_sector631" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tertiary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Tertiary sector of the economy">Service sector</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sales" title="Sales">Sales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Retail" title="Retail">Retail</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Car_dealership" title="Car dealership">Car dealership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast-moving_consumer_goods" title="Fast-moving consumer goods">Consumer goods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_store" title="General store">General store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grocery_store" title="Grocery store">Grocery store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_store" title="Department store">Department store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mail_order" title="Mail order">Mail order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_shopping" title="Online shopping">Online shopping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Specialty_store" title="Specialty store">Specialty store</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wholesaling" title="Wholesaling">Wholesale</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auction" title="Auction">Auction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broker" title="Broker">Brokerage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distribution_(marketing)" title="Distribution (marketing)">Distribution</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transport" title="Transport">Transport</a> <br /> & Storage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cargo" title="Cargo">Cargo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_cargo" title="Air cargo">Air cargo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermodal_freight_transport" title="Intermodal freight transport">Intermodal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mail" title="Mail">Mail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moving_company" title="Moving company">Moving company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_freight_transport" title="Rail freight transport">Rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trucking" class="mw-redirect" title="Trucking">Trucking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passenger_transport" class="mw-redirect" title="Passenger transport">Passenger transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airline" title="Airline">Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Car_rental" title="Car rental">Car rentals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passenger_rail" class="mw-redirect" title="Passenger rail">Passenger rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridesharing_company" title="Ridesharing company">Ridesharing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxi" title="Taxi">Taxis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warehouse" title="Warehouse">Warehousing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Self_storage" title="Self storage">Self storage</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hospitality_industry" title="Hospitality industry">Hospitality</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foodservice" title="Foodservice">Foodservice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drinking_establishment" title="Drinking establishment">Drink service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffeehouse" title="Coffeehouse">Cafés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catering" title="Catering">Catering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_food" title="Fast food">Fast food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_delivery" title="Food delivery">Food delivery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restaurant" title="Restaurant">Restaurants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teahouse" title="Teahouse">Teahouses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotel" title="Hotel">Hotels</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asset_management" title="Asset management">Asset management</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Financial_services" title="Financial services">Financial services</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bank" title="Bank">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Credit" title="Credit">Credit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_adviser" title="Financial adviser">Financial advice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holding_company" title="Holding company">Holding company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_funds_transfer" title="Electronic funds transfer">Money transfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Payment_card_industry" title="Payment card industry">Payment cards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risk_management" title="Risk management">Risk management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_(finance)" title="Security (finance)">Securities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurance" title="Insurance">Insurance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Health_insurance" title="Health insurance">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_insurance" title="Life insurance">Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pension_fund" title="Pension fund">Pension funding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property_insurance" title="Property insurance">Property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinsurance" title="Reinsurance">Reinsurance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_estate_economics" title="Real estate economics">Real estate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Real_estate_agent" title="Real estate agent">Brokerage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property_management" title="Property management">Property management</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Professional_services" title="Professional services">Professional</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accounting_network" title="Accounting network">Accounting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assurance_services" title="Assurance services">Assurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audit" title="Audit">Audit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bookkeeping" title="Bookkeeping">Bookkeeping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_advisor" title="Tax advisor">Tax advice</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architectural_firm" title="Architectural firm">Architecture</a> & <a href="/wiki/Engineering" title="Engineering">engineering</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inspection" title="Inspection">Inspection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveying" title="Surveying">Surveying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_test" title="Physical test">Physical</a>, <a href="/wiki/Product_testing" title="Product testing">product</a>, & <a href="/wiki/System_testing" title="System testing">system testing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design" title="Design">Design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_design" title="Fashion design">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interior_design" title="Interior design">Interior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_design" title="Industrial design">Product</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Practice_of_law" title="Practice of law">Legal services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Management" title="Management">Management</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consulting_firm" title="Consulting firm">Consulting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_relations" title="Public relations">Public relations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marketing" title="Marketing">Marketing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advertising_industry" title="Advertising industry">Advertising</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creative_industries" title="Creative industries">Creative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_industry" title="Language industry">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Research_and_development" title="Research and development">Research and development</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basic_research" title="Basic research">Basic research</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_industry" title="Healthcare industry">Healthcare</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Medicine <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dentist_office" class="mw-redirect" title="Dentist office">Dentist offices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospital" title="Hospital">Hospitals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nursing" title="Nursing">Nursing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Residential_care" title="Residential care">Residential care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veterinary_medicine" title="Veterinary medicine">Veterinary medicine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Entertainment#Industry" title="Entertainment">Entertainment</a><br /> & <a href="/wiki/Leisure_industry" title="Leisure industry">leisure</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Audio-visual <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Film_industry" title="Film industry">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_industry" title="Music industry">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_industry" title="Video game industry">Video games</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcasting" title="Broadcasting">Broadcasting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/News_agency" title="News agency">News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_industry" title="Radio industry">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television#Content" title="Television">Television</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_industry" title="Sport industry">Sport</a></li> <li>Travel <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Business_travel" title="Business travel">Business travel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruise_line" title="Cruise line">Cruise lines</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tourism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casino" title="Casino">Gambling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Online_gambling" title="Online gambling">Online</a></li></ul></li> <li>Venues <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amusement_arcade" title="Amusement arcade">Arcades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amusement_park" title="Amusement park">Amusement parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fair" title="Fair">Fairgrounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nightclub" title="Nightclub">Nightclubs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabletop_game_industry" title="Tabletop game industry">Tabletop games</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Publishing" title="Publishing">Publishing</a> <br /> & <a href="/wiki/Mass_media" title="Mass media">Mass media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Written <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book" title="Book">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periodical_literature" title="Periodical literature">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_industry" title="Software industry">Software</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Web_hosting_service" title="Web hosting service">Hosting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_networking_service" title="Social networking service">Social networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streaming_media" title="Streaming media">Streaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Website" title="Website">Websites</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Education" title="Education">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Primary_education" title="Primary education">Primary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_education" title="Secondary education">Secondary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tertiary_education" title="Tertiary education">Tertiary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vocational_school" title="Vocational school">Vocational school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University" title="University">University</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standardized_test" title="Standardized test">Testing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutoring" title="Tutoring">Tutoring</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Administrative <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Customer_service" title="Customer service">Customer service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lease" title="Lease">Leasing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renting" title="Renting">Renting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Employment_agency" title="Employment agency">Staffing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_investigator" title="Private investigator">Private investigation</a> & <a href="/wiki/Security_company" title="Security company">security</a></li></ul></li> <li>Maintenance <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Janitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Janitor">Janitors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landscape_maintenance" title="Landscape maintenance">Landscaping</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maintenance_(technical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maintenance (technical)">Repairs</a></li> <li>Personal services <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beauty_salon" title="Beauty salon">Beauty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_cleaning" title="Dry cleaning">Dry cleaning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funeral_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Funeral industry">Funeral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maid_service" title="Maid service">Maid service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pet_industry" title="Pet industry">Pet care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_industry" title="Sex industry">Sex</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_industry" title="Poverty industry">Poverty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Related631" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Related</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Industry_classification" title="Industry classification">Classification <br /> standards</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Production-based <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_and_New_Zealand_Standard_Industrial_Classification" title="Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification">ANZSIC</a></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Industrial_Classification" title="International Standard Industrial Classification">ISIC</a></b></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistical_Classification_of_Economic_Activities_in_the_European_Community" title="Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community">NACE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Industry_Classification_System" title="North American Industry Classification System">NAICS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Industrial_Classification" title="Standard Industrial Classification">SIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Standard_Industrial_Classification_of_Economic_Activities" title="United Kingdom Standard Industrial Classification of Economic Activities">UKSIC</a></li></ul></li> <li>Market-based <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Global_Industry_Classification_Standard" title="Global Industry Classification Standard">GICS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industry_Classification_Benchmark" title="Industry Classification Benchmark">ICB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Refinitiv_Business_Classification" title="The Refinitiv Business Classification">TRBC</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Factors_of_production" title="Factors of production">Inputs</a> <br /> & <a href="/wiki/Output_(economics)" title="Output (economics)">outputs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Externality" title="Externality">Externalities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Community" title="Community">Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime" title="Crime">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture" title="Culture">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollution" title="Pollution">Pollution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Well-being" title="Well-being">Well-being</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funding" title="Funding">Funding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goods" title="Goods">Goods</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commodity" title="Commodity">Commodities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Final_good" title="Final good">Final</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermediate_good" title="Intermediate good">Intermediate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raw_material" title="Raw material">Raw material</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innovation" title="Innovation">Innovation</a></li> <li>Primary inputs <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Work_(human_activity)" title="Work (human activity)">Labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_resource" title="Natural resource">Natural resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_capital" title="Physical capital">Physical capital</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_(economics)" title="Service (economics)">Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technology" title="Technology">Technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Organization" title="Organization">Organization</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centralization" class="mw-redirect" title="Centralization">Centralization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cartel" title="Cartel">Cartel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conglomerate_(company)" title="Conglomerate (company)">Conglomerate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horizontal_integration" title="Horizontal integration">Horizontal integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mergers_and_acquisitions" title="Mergers and acquisitions">Mergers and acquisitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monopoly" title="Monopoly">Monopoly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monopsony" title="Monopsony">Monopsony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertical_integration" title="Vertical integration">Vertical integration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decentralization" title="Decentralization">Decentralization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Competition_law" title="Competition law">Enforced breakup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freelancer" title="Freelancer">Freelancing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homesteading" title="Homesteading">Homesteading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outsourcing" title="Outsourcing">Outsourcing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putting-out_system" title="Putting-out system">Putting-out system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_spin-off" title="Corporate spin-off">Spinning-off</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temporary_work" title="Temporary work">Temporary work</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ownership" title="Ownership">Ownership</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cooperative" title="Cooperative">Cooperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint-stock_company" title="Joint-stock company">Joint-stock company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalization" title="Nationalization">Nationalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonprofit_organization" title="Nonprofit organization">Nonprofit organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partnership" title="Partnership">Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privatization" title="Privatization">Privatization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sole_proprietorship" title="Sole proprietorship">Sole proprietorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State-owned_enterprise" title="State-owned enterprise">State-owned enterprise</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Industry_(economics)" title="Category:Industry (economics)"><b>Category</b></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Industries" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Industries"><b>Commons</b></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/20px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/40px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_industry" title="Outline of industry"><b>Outline</b></a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style 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href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49389#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1153142/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4018406-7">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Tourism"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85136255">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13318422n">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13318422n">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/01057087">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="turistika"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph116506&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000061946&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KSH1998012035">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007541459205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10644612">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tourism&oldid=1280708329">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tourism&oldid=1280708329</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tourism" title="Category:Tourism">Tourism</a></li><li><a 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