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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Discrimination" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Discrimination"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Discrimination</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Discrimination-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bank-issued_credit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bank-issued_credit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Bank-issued credit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bank-issued_credit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Types</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Types-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Types subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Trade_credit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trade_credit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Trade credit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trade_credit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Consumer_credit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consumer_credit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Consumer credit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consumer_credit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Statistics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Statistics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Statistics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Statistics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Credit</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 63 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-63" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">63 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%8A" title="ائتمان مصرفي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ائتمان مصرفي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8B%E0%A6%A3" title="ঋণ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ঋণ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kredit" title="Kredit – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kredit" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8B%E0%A6%A3_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE" title="ঋণ ব্যবস্থা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ঋণ ব্যবস্থা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karidit" title="Karidit – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Karidit" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Кредит – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Кредит" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%82" title="Крэдыт – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Крэдыт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%82" title="Крэдыт – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Крэдыт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Кредит – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кредит" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kredit" title="Kredit – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kredit" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cr%C3%A8dit" title="Crèdit – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Crèdit" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Кредит – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Кредит" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Av%C4%9Br" title="Úvěr – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Úvěr" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credyd" title="Credyd – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Credyd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kredit" title="Kredit – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kredit" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%AF%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7_(%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE%B1)" title="Πίστη (οικονομία) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πίστη (οικονομία)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cr%C3%A9dito" title="Crédito – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Crédito" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kredito" title="Kredito – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kredito" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreditu_(finantza)" title="Kreditu (finantza) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kreditu (finantza)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1_(%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C)" title="اعتبار (امور مالی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اعتبار (امور مالی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cr%C3%A9dit" title="Crédit – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Crédit" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%A0%EC%9A%A9%ED%8C%90%EB%A7%A4" title="신용판매 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="신용판매" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AF" title="Վարկ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վարկ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kredit" title="Kredit – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kredit" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kredit" title="Kredit – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kredit" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credito" title="Credito – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Credito" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%99" title="אשראי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אשראי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%89%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF" title="ಉದ್ದರಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಉದ್ದರಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Несие – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Несие" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kred%C3%AEt" title="Kredît – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Kredît" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Насыя – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Насыя" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kred%C4%ABts" title="Kredīts – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kredīts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreditas" title="Kreditas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kreditas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitel_(k%C3%B6zgazdas%C3%A1gtan)" title="Hitel (közgazdaságtan) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hitel (közgazdaságtan)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Кредит – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кредит" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krediet" title="Krediet – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Krediet" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B2%A9%E5%A3%B2%E4%BF%A1%E7%94%A8" title="販売信用 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="販売信用" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kredit" title="Kredit – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kredit" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreditt" title="Kreditt – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kreditt" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credit" title="Credit – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Credit" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kredit" title="Kredit – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kredit" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%88%D9%B9" title="کریڈٹ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کریڈٹ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cr%C3%A9dito" title="Crédito – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Crédito" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kredit" title="Kredit – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Kredit" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credit" title="Credit – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Credit" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Кредит – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кредит" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krediti" title="Krediti – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Krediti" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credit" title="Credit – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Credit" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Aver" title="Úver – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Úver" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kredit" title="Kredit – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Kredit" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kredit" title="Kredit – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kredit" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kredit" title="Kredit – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kredit" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD" title="สินเชื่อ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สินเชื่อ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Кредит – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Кредит" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kredi" title="Kredi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kredi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82_(%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8)" title="Кредит (фінанси) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кредит (фінанси)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%88%D9%B9" title="کریڈٹ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کریڈٹ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credito" title="Credito – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Credito" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%ADn_d%E1%BB%A5ng" title="Tín dụng – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tín dụng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%91%E8%9E%8D%E4%BF%A1%E7%94%A8" title="金融信用 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="金融信用" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%93%D7%99%D7%98_(%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A5)" title="קרעדיט (פינאנץ) – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קרעדיט 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searchaux" style="display:none">Financial term for the trust between parties in transactions with a deferred payment</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Credit_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Credit (disambiguation)">Credit (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Credit-cards.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Credit-cards.jpg/200px-Credit-cards.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Credit-cards.jpg/300px-Credit-cards.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Credit-cards.jpg/400px-Credit-cards.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Credit_card" title="Credit card">credit card</a> is a common form of credit. With a credit card, the credit card company, often a <a href="/wiki/Bank" title="Bank">bank</a>, grants a <a href="/wiki/Line_of_credit" title="Line of credit">line of credit</a> to the card holder. The card holder can make purchases from merchants, and borrow the money for these purchases from the credit card company.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2005private_sector_credit.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/2005private_sector_credit.PNG/220px-2005private_sector_credit.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/2005private_sector_credit.PNG/330px-2005private_sector_credit.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/2005private_sector_credit.PNG/440px-2005private_sector_credit.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption>Domestic credit to private sector in 2005</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Credit</b> (from <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> verb <i>credit</i>, meaning "one believes") is the <a href="/wiki/Trust_(social_sciences)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trust (social sciences)">trust</a> which allows one <a href="/wiki/Party_(law)" title="Party (law)">party</a> to provide <a href="/wiki/Money" title="Money">money</a> or <a href="/wiki/Resources" class="mw-redirect" title="Resources">resources</a> to another party wherein the second party does not <a href="/wiki/Reimburse" class="mw-redirect" title="Reimburse">reimburse</a> the first party immediately (thereby generating a <a href="/wiki/Debt" title="Debt">debt</a>), but promises either to repay or return those resources (or other materials of equal value) at a later date.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The resources provided by the first party can be either property, fulfillment of promises, or performances.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In other words, credit is a method of making <a href="/wiki/Reciprocity_(social_and_political_philosophy)" title="Reciprocity (social and political philosophy)">reciprocity</a> formal, <a href="/wiki/Legally" class="mw-redirect" title="Legally">legally</a> enforceable, and extensible to a large group of unrelated people. </p><p>The resources provided may be <a href="/wiki/Financial" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial">financial</a> (e.g. granting a <a href="/wiki/Loan" title="Loan">loan</a>), or they may consist of <a href="/wiki/Goods_and_services" title="Goods and services">goods or services</a> (e.g. consumer credit). Credit encompasses any form of deferred payment.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Credit is extended by a <a href="/wiki/Creditor" title="Creditor">creditor</a>, also known as a <a href="/wiki/Lender" class="mw-redirect" title="Lender">lender</a>, to a <a href="/wiki/Debtor" title="Debtor">debtor</a>, also known as a <a href="/wiki/Borrower" class="mw-redirect" title="Borrower">borrower</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Credit&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term "credit" was first used in English in the 1520s. The term came "from Middle French crédit (15c.) "belief, trust," from Italian credito, from Latin creditum "a loan, thing entrusted to another," from past participle of credere "to trust, entrust, believe". The commercial meaning of "credit" "was the original one in English (creditor is [from] mid-15c.)" The derivative expression "<a href="/wiki/Credit_union" title="Credit union">credit union</a>" was first used in 1881 in American English; the expression "<a href="/wiki/Credit_rating" title="Credit rating">credit rating</a>" was first used in 1958.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Credit&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Credit cards became most prominent during the 1900s. Larger companies began creating chains with other companies and used a credit card as a way to make payments to any of these companies. The companies charged the cardholder a certain annual fee and chose their billing methods while each participating company was charged a percentage of total billings. This led to the creating of credit cards on behalf of banks around the world.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some other first bank-issued credit cards include <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_America" title="Bank of America">Bank of America</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Bankamericard" class="mw-redirect" title="Bankamericard">Bank Americard</a> in 1958 and <a href="/wiki/American_Express" title="American Express">American Express</a>' American Express Card also in 1958. These worked similarly to the company-issued credit cards; however, they expanded purchasing power to almost any service and they allowed a consumer to accumulate <a href="/wiki/Revolving_credit" title="Revolving credit">revolving credit</a>. Revolving credit was a means to pay off a balance at a later date while incurring a finance charge for the balance.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Discrimination">Discrimination</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Credit&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Discrimination"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Until the <a href="/wiki/Equal_Credit_Opportunity_Act" title="Equal Credit Opportunity Act">Equal Credit Opportunity Act</a> in 1974, women in America were given credit cards under stricter terms, or not at all. It could be hard for a woman to buy a house without a male co-signer. <sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the past, even when not explicitly barred from them, people of color were often <a href="/wiki/Redlining" title="Redlining">unable to get credit</a> to buy a house in white neighborhoods. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bank-issued_credit">Bank-issued credit</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Credit&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Bank-issued credit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bank-issued credit makes up the largest proportion of credit in existence. The traditional view of banks as intermediaries between savers and borrowers is incorrect. Modern banking is about credit creation.<sup id="cite_ref-Money_Creation_in_the_Modern_Economy_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Money_Creation_in_the_Modern_Economy-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Credit is made up of two parts, the credit (<a href="/wiki/Money" title="Money">money</a>) and its corresponding <a href="/wiki/Debt" title="Debt">debt</a>, which requires repayment with <a href="/wiki/Interest" title="Interest">interest</a>. The majority (97% as of December 2013<sup id="cite_ref-Money_Creation_in_the_Modern_Economy_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Money_Creation_in_the_Modern_Economy-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) of the money in the UK economy is created as credit. When a bank issues credit (i.e. makes a loan), it writes a negative entry in to the liabilities column of its balance sheet, and an equivalent positive figure on the assets column; the asset being the loan repayment income stream (plus interest) from a credit-worthy individual. When the debt is fully repaid, the credit and debt are canceled, and the money disappears from the economy. Meanwhile, the debtor receives a positive cash balance (which is used to purchase something like a house), but also an equivalent negative liability to be repaid to the bank over the duration. Most of the credit created goes into the purchase of land and property, creating <a href="/wiki/Inflation" title="Inflation">inflation</a> in those markets, which is a major driver of the <a href="/wiki/Economic_cycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic cycle">economic cycle</a>. </p><p>There are two main forms of private credit created by banks; <a href="/wiki/Unsecured_debt" title="Unsecured debt">unsecured</a> (non-collateralized) credit such as consumer <a href="/wiki/Credit_card" title="Credit card">credit cards</a> and small unsecured loans, and <a href="/wiki/Secured_loan" title="Secured loan">secured</a> (collateralized) credit, typically secured against the item being purchased with the money (house, boat, car, etc.). To reduce their exposure to the risk of not getting their money back (credit <a href="/wiki/Default_(finance)" title="Default (finance)">default</a>), banks will tend to issue large credit sums to those deemed credit-worthy, and also to require <a href="/wiki/Collateral_(finance)" title="Collateral (finance)">collateral</a>; something of equivalent value to the loan, which will be passed to the bank if the debtor fails to meet the repayment terms of the loan. In this instance, the bank uses the sale of the collateral to reduce its liabilities. Examples of secured credit include consumer mortgages used to buy houses, boats, etc., and PCP (personal contract plan) credit agreements for automobile purchases. </p><p>Movements of <a href="/wiki/Financial_capital" title="Financial capital">financial capital</a> are normally dependent on either credit or <a href="/wiki/Capital_stock" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital stock">equity</a> transfers. The global credit market is three times the size of global equity. Credit is in turn dependent on the reputation or <a href="/wiki/Creditworthiness" class="mw-redirect" title="Creditworthiness">creditworthiness</a> of the entity which takes responsibility for the funds. The purest form is the <a href="/wiki/Credit_default_swap" title="Credit default swap">credit default swap</a> market, which is essentially a traded market in credit insurance. A credit default swap represents the price at which two parties exchange this <a href="/wiki/Risk" title="Risk">risk</a> – the protection <i>seller</i> takes the risk of default of the credit in return for a payment, commonly denoted in <a href="/wiki/Basis_point" title="Basis point">basis points</a> (one basis point is 1/100 of a <a href="/wiki/Percent" class="mw-redirect" title="Percent">percent</a>) of the notional amount to be referenced, while the protection <i>buyer</i> pays this premium and in the case of default of the underlying (a loan, <a href="/wiki/Bond_(finance)" title="Bond (finance)">bond</a> or other receivable), delivers this receivable to the protection seller and receives from the seller the paramount (that is, is made whole).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Credit&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are many types of credit, including but not limited to bank credit, <a href="/wiki/Commerce" title="Commerce">commerce</a>, consumer credit, <a href="/wiki/Investment_credit" class="mw-redirect" title="Investment credit">investment credit</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_credit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International credit (page does not exist)">international credit</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Public_credit" class="mw-redirect" title="Public credit">public credit</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trade_credit">Trade credit</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Credit&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Trade credit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In commercial <a href="/wiki/Trade" title="Trade">trade</a>, the term "<a href="/wiki/Trade_credit" title="Trade credit">trade credit</a>" refers to the approval of delayed payment for purchased goods. Credit is sometimes not granted to a buyer who has financial instability or difficulty. Companies frequently offer trade credit to their customers as part of terms of a purchase agreement. Organizations that offer credit to their customers frequently employ a <a href="/wiki/Credit_manager" class="mw-redirect" title="Credit manager">credit manager</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consumer_credit">Consumer credit</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Credit&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Consumer credit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Credit" title="Special:EditPage/Credit">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Consumer credit can be defined as "money, goods or services provided to an individual in the absence of immediate payment". Common forms of consumer credit include <a href="/wiki/Credit_card" title="Credit card">credit cards</a>, store cards, motor vehicle finance, personal loans (<a href="/wiki/Installment_credit" class="mw-redirect" title="Installment credit">installment loans</a>), <a href="/wiki/Line_of_credit" title="Line of credit">consumer lines of credit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Payday_loan" title="Payday loan">payday loans</a>, retail loans (retail installment loans) and <a href="/wiki/Mortgage_loan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mortgage loan">mortgages</a>. This is a broad definition of consumer credit and corresponds with the Bank of England's definition of "Lending to individuals". Given the size and nature of the mortgage market, many observers classify mortgage lending as a separate category of personal borrowing, and consequently, residential mortgages are excluded from some definitions of consumer credit, such as the one adopted by the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve" title="Federal Reserve">U.S. Federal Reserve</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The cost of credit is the additional amount, over and above the amount borrowed, that the borrower has to pay. It includes <a href="/wiki/Interest" title="Interest">interest</a>, arrangement fees and any other charges. Some costs are mandatory, required by the lender as an integral part of the credit agreement. Other costs, such as those for <a href="/wiki/Payment_protection_insurance" title="Payment protection insurance">credit insurance</a>, may be optional; the borrower chooses whether or not they are included as part of the agreement. </p><p>Interest and other charges are presented in a variety of different ways, but under many legislative regimes lenders are required to quote all mandatory charges in the form of an <a href="/wiki/Annual_percentage_rate" title="Annual percentage rate">annual percentage rate</a> (APR).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The goal of the APR calculation is to promote "truth in lending", to give potential borrowers a clear measure of the true cost of borrowing and to allow a comparison to be made between competing products. The APR is derived from the pattern of advances and repayments made during the agreement. Optional charges are usually not included in the APR calculation.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Interest rates on loans to consumers, whether mortgages or credit cards are most commonly determined with reference to a <a href="/wiki/Credit_score" title="Credit score">credit score</a>. Calculated by private credit rating agencies or centralized <a href="/wiki/Credit_bureau" title="Credit bureau">credit bureaus</a> based on factors such as prior defaults, <a href="/wiki/Credit_history" title="Credit history">payment history</a>, and available credit, individuals with higher credit scores have access to lower APRs than those with lower scores.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Statistics">Statistics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Credit&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Statistics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Share of consumer credit as a ratio of total <a href="/wiki/Household_debt" title="Household debt">household debt</a> in 2015<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span>  </span><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> </th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> </th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a> </th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> </th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> </th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> </th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a> </th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> </th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a> </th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a> </th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="256" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> </th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> </th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> </th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </th> </tr></tbody><caption> </caption> <tbody><tr><td>1% </td> <td>4% </td> <td>5% </td> <td>5% </td> <td>5% </td> <td>7% </td> <td>8% </td> <td>9% </td> <td>9% </td> <td>9% </td> <td>9% </td> <td>10% </td> <td>12% </td> <td>12% </td> </tr></tbody><caption> </caption> <tbody><tr><th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> </th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a> </th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> </th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> </th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czechia</a> </th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> </th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a> </th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a> </th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> </th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> </th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> </th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> </th> </tr></tbody><caption> </caption> <tbody><tr><td>12% </td> <td>12% </td> <td>13% </td> <td>14% </td> <td>14% </td> <td>16% </td> <td>16% </td> <td>19% </td> <td>23% </td> <td>23% </td> <td>27% </td> <td>29% </td> <td>29% </td> <td>44% </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Credit&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_credit_reporting" title="Commercial credit reporting">Commercial credit reporting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Credit_risk" title="Credit risk">Credit risk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Credit_theory_of_money" title="Credit theory of money">Credit theory of money</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debits_and_credits" title="Debits and credits">Debits and credits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_literacy" title="Financial literacy">Financial literacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutual_credit" title="Mutual credit">Mutual credit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peer-to-peer_lending" title="Peer-to-peer lending">Peer-to-peer lending</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accounts_receivables" class="mw-redirect" title="Accounts receivables">Accounts receivables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Settlement_(finance)" title="Settlement (finance)">Settlement (finance)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_credit" title="Social credit">Social credit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_of_deferred_payment" title="Standard of deferred payment">Standard of deferred payment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subprime_lending" title="Subprime lending">Subprime lending</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Credit&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/credit"><i>Credit</i> (def. 2c)</a>. <i>Merriam Webster Online</i>. Retrieved 5 March 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFChorafas2005" class="citation book cs1">Chorafas, Dimitris N (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Cxm9r7215gwC"><i>The management of bond investments and trading of debt</i></a>. Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann. p. xii. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780080497280" title="Special:BookSources/9780080497280"><bdi>9780080497280</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+management+of+bond+investments+and+trading+of+debt&rft.pages=xii&rft.pub=Elsevier+Butterworth-Heinemann&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780080497280&rft.aulast=Chorafas&rft.aufirst=Dimitris+N&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCxm9r7215gwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'SullivanSheffrin2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_O%27Sullivan_(economist)" title="Arthur O'Sullivan (economist)">O'Sullivan, Arthur</a>; <a href="/wiki/Steven_M._Sheffrin" title="Steven M. Sheffrin">Sheffrin, Steven M.</a> (2003). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780131334878/page/512/mode/2up"><i>Economics: Principles in Action</i></a></span>. Needham, Mass: Pearson Prentice Hall. p. 512. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-13-063085-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-13-063085-3"><bdi>0-13-063085-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Economics%3A+Principles+in+Action&rft.place=Needham%2C+Mass&rft.pages=512&rft.pub=Pearson+Prentice+Hall&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-13-063085-3&rft.aulast=O%27Sullivan&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rft.au=Sheffrin%2C+Steven+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780131334878%2Fpage%2F512%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?allowed_in_frame=0&search=credit">"Credit"</a>. <i>www.etymonline.com</i>. Online Etymology Dictionary<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.etymonline.com&rft.atitle=Credit&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Findex.php%3Fallowed_in_frame%3D0%26search%3Dcredit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTikkanen" class="citation web cs1">Tikkanen, Amy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/credit-card">"Credit card"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-03-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Credit+card&rft.aulast=Tikkanen&rft.aufirst=Amy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2Fcredit-card&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200427192730/https://www.creditcards.com/credit-card-news/history-of-credit-cards.php">"The history of credit cards (Timeline & major events)"</a>. 12 August 2021. 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S.; PURI, S. K. (2013-01-23). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wacM4zKAIe4C&q=residential+mortgages+are+excluded+from+some+definitions+of+consumer+credit&pg=PA106"><i>STRATEGIC CREDIT MANAGEMENT IN BANKS</i></a>. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788120347045" title="Special:BookSources/9788120347045"><bdi>9788120347045</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=STRATEGIC+CREDIT+MANAGEMENT+IN+BANKS&rft.pub=PHI+Learning+Pvt.+Ltd.&rft.date=2013-01-23&rft.isbn=9788120347045&rft.aulast=POPLI&rft.aufirst=G.+S.&rft.au=PURI%2C+S.+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwacM4zKAIe4C%26q%3Dresidential%2Bmortgages%2Bare%2Bexcluded%2Bfrom%2Bsome%2Bdefinitions%2Bof%2Bconsumer%2Bcredit%26pg%3DPA106&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFinlay2009" class="citation book cs1">Finlay, S. (2009-02-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JK2HDAAAQBAJ&q=lenders+are+required+to+quote+all+mandatory+charges+in+the+form+of+an+annual+percentage+rate&pg=PA13"><i>Consumer Credit Fundamentals</i></a>. Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780230232792" title="Special:BookSources/9780230232792"><bdi>9780230232792</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Consumer+Credit+Fundamentals&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2009-02-02&rft.isbn=9780230232792&rft.aulast=Finlay&rft.aufirst=S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJK2HDAAAQBAJ%26q%3Dlenders%2Bare%2Brequired%2Bto%2Bquote%2Ball%2Bmandatory%2Bcharges%2Bin%2Bthe%2Bform%2Bof%2Ban%2Bannual%2Bpercentage%2Brate%26pg%3DPA13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFinlay2009" class="citation book cs1">Finlay, S. (2009). <i>Consumer Credit Fundamentals</i> (2nd ed.). Palgrave Macmillan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Consumer+Credit+Fundamentals&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Finlay&rft.aufirst=S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finexasia.com/en/blog/what-are-fico-scores-and-how-do-they-affect-u-s-consumer-credit/">"What are FICO Scores and How Do They Affect US Consumer Credit?"</a>. <i>FinEX Asia</i>. 12 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FinEX+Asia&rft.atitle=What+are+FICO+Scores+and+How+Do+They+Affect+US+Consumer+Credit%3F&rft.date=2017-11-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffinexasia.com%2Fen%2Fblog%2Fwhat-are-fico-scores-and-how-do-they-affect-u-s-consumer-credit%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFComelli2021" class="citation journal cs1">Comelli, Martino (25 February 2021). "The impact of welfare on household debt". <i>Sociological Spectrum</i>. <b>41</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">154–</span>176. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F02732173.2021.1875088">10.1080/02732173.2021.1875088</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14018%2F13843">20.500.14018/13843</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:233128669">233128669</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sociological+Spectrum&rft.atitle=The+impact+of+welfare+on+household+debt&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E154-%3C%2Fspan%3E176&rft.date=2021-02-25&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F20.500.14018%2F13843&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A233128669%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F02732173.2021.1875088&rft.aulast=Comelli&rft.aufirst=Martino&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Credit&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Logemann, Jan, ed. (2012). <i>The Development of Consumer Credit in Global Perspective: Business, Regulation, and Culture</i>. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-230-34105-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-230-34105-0">978-0-230-34105-0</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Credit&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Credit" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Credit">Credit</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/13px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/20px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span> Quotations 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title="Debt">Debt</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Instruments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bond_(finance)" title="Bond (finance)">Bonds</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_bond" title="Corporate bond">Corporate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debenture" title="Debenture">Debenture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_bond" title="Government bond">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_bond" title="Municipal bond">Municipal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a 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title="Bankruptcy">Bankruptcy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debt_consolidation" title="Debt consolidation">Consolidation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debt_management_plan" title="Debt management plan">Management plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debt_relief" title="Debt relief">Relief</a> (<a href="/wiki/History_of_debt_relief" title="History of debt relief">history</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debt_restructuring" title="Debt restructuring">Restructuring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debt_snowball_method" title="Debt snowball method">Debt snowball method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debtor-in-possession_financing" title="Debtor-in-possession financing">Debtor-in-possession (DIP) financing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loan_guarantee" title="Loan guarantee">Loan guarantee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Debt_collection" title="Debt collection">Collection</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Debt_evasion" title="Debt evasion">Evasion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bad_debt" title="Bad debt">Bad debt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charge-off" title="Charge-off">Charge-off</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debt_compliance" title="Debt compliance">Compliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debt_bondage" title="Debt bondage">Debt bondage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debtors%27_prison" title="Debtors' prison">Debtors' prison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distraint" title="Distraint">Distraint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garnishment" title="Garnishment">Garnishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phantom_debt" title="Phantom debt">Phantom debt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_default" title="Strategic default">Strategic default</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_refund_interception" title="Tax refund interception">Tax refund interception</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bond_market" title="Bond market">Markets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_debt" title="Consumer debt">Consumer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_bond" title="Corporate bond">Corporate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debt-trap_diplomacy" title="Debt-trap diplomacy">Diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_debt" title="Government debt">Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_budget_balance" title="Government budget balance">Government budget balance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_debt" title="Medical debt">Medical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_bond" title="Municipal bond">Municipal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venture_debt" title="Venture debt">Venture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debt_buyer_(United_States)" title="Debt buyer (United States)">Buyer</a></li> <li><a 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title="List of countries by government debt">List of countries by government debt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Default_(finance)" title="Default (finance)">Default</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insolvency" title="Insolvency">Insolvency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interest" title="Interest">Interest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interest_rate" title="Interest rate">Interest rate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promissory_note" title="Promissory note">Promissory note</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4032923-9">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85033856">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Crédit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11950111t">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Crédit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11950111t">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="úvěry"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph128363&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech 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