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<li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>21st century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Staff" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Staff"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Staff</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Staff-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Directors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 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Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مكتب الولايات المتحدة لسياسات العلوم والتكنولوجيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_of_Science_and_Technology_Policy" title="Office of Science and Technology Policy – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Office of Science and Technology Policy" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oficina_de_Pol%C3%ADtica_de_Ciencia_y_Tecnolog%C3%ADa_de_los_Estados_Unidos" title="Oficina de Política de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Estados Unidos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Oficina de Política de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Estados Unidos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D9%88_%D9%81%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_(%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7)" title="دفتر سیاست علم و فناوری (امریکا) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دفتر سیاست علم و فناوری (امریکا)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_of_Science_and_Technology_Policy" title="Office of Science and Technology Policy – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Office of Science and Technology Policy" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%BC%ED%95%99%EA%B8%B0%EC%88%A0%EC%A0%95%EC%B1%85%EC%8B%A4_(%EB%B0%B1%EC%95%85%EA%B4%80)" title="과학기술정책실 (백악관) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="과학기술정책실 (백악관)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ufficio_per_le_politiche_scientifiche_e_tecnologiche" title="Ufficio per le politiche scientifiche e tecnologiche – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ufficio per le politiche scientifiche e tecnologiche" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%A2_%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%98%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94" title="משרד המדע ומדיניות הטכנולוגיה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="משרד המדע ומדיניות הטכנולוגיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E5%90%88%E8%A1%86%E5%9B%BD%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96%E5%B1%80" title="アメリカ合衆国科学技術政策局 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アメリカ合衆国科学技術政策局" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Управление научно-технической политики – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Управление научно-технической политики" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_of_Science_and_Technology_Policy" title="Office of Science and Technology Policy – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Office of Science and Technology Policy" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Department of the United States government</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size: 125%;">Office of Science and Technology Policy</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-OfficeOfScienceAndTechnologyPolicy-Seal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/US-OfficeOfScienceAndTechnologyPolicy-Seal.svg/140px-US-OfficeOfScienceAndTechnologyPolicy-Seal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/US-OfficeOfScienceAndTechnologyPolicy-Seal.svg/210px-US-OfficeOfScienceAndTechnologyPolicy-Seal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/US-OfficeOfScienceAndTechnologyPolicy-Seal.svg/280px-US-OfficeOfScienceAndTechnologyPolicy-Seal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Agency overview</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formed</th><td class="infobox-data">May 11, 1976<span class="noprint">; 48 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1976-05-11</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Preceding agency</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;">Office of Science and Technology</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Executive_Office_Building" title="Eisenhower Executive Office Building">Eisenhower Executive Office Building</a><br />725 17th Street NW, <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Employees</th><td class="infobox-data">130</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Agency executive</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><i>Vacant</i>, Director</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent agency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Executive_Office_of_the_President" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive Office of the President">Executive Office of the President</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whitehouse.gov/ostp">WhiteHouse.gov/OSTP</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Space_program_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Space program of the United States">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="padding: 0 0.2em; font-size: 120%"><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Space policy of the United States">United States space program</a></span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:NASA_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/NASA_logo.svg/90px-NASA_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/NASA_logo.svg/135px-NASA_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/NASA_logo.svg/180px-NASA_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="110" data-file-height="92" /></a></span><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Space_Force.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Seal_of_the_United_States_Space_Force.svg/90px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Space_Force.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Seal_of_the_United_States_Space_Force.svg/135px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Space_Force.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Seal_of_the_United_States_Space_Force.svg/180px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Space_Force.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa; background: transparent; padding-left: 5px; padding-top: 3px; font-size: 95%"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Space_Force" title="United States Space Force">U.S. Space Force</a></li></ul></div></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa; background: transparent; text-align: left; padding-left: 5px; padding-top: 3px;color: var(--color-base)">Human spaceflight programs</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Project_Mercury" title="Project Mercury">Mercury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Gemini" title="Project Gemini">Gemini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_program" title="Apollo program">Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skylab" title="Skylab">Skylab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_program" title="Space Shuttle program">Space Shuttle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shuttle-Mir_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Shuttle-Mir Program">Shuttle–<i>Mir</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station_program" class="mw-redirect" title="International Space Station program">International Space Station</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Crew_Program" title="Commercial Crew Program">Commercial Crew</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constellation_program" title="Constellation program">Constellation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_program" title="Artemis program">Artemis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Gateway" title="Lunar Gateway">Lunar Gateway</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa; background: transparent; text-align: left; padding-left: 5px; padding-top: 3px;color: var(--color-base)">Robotic spaceflight programs</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Resupply_Services" title="Commercial Resupply Services">CRS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorers_Program" title="Explorers Program">Explorers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gateway_Logistics_Services" title="Gateway Logistics Services">GLS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Large_Strategic_Science_Missions" class="mw-redirect" title="Large Strategic Science Missions">Large Strategic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_program" title="Lunar Orbiter program">Lunar Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Precursor_Robotic_Program" title="Lunar Precursor Robotic Program">Lunar Precursor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariner_program" title="Mariner program">Mariner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Program" title="Mars Exploration Program">Mars Exploration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Millennium_program" class="mw-redirect" title="New Millennium program">New Millennium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_program" title="Pioneer program">Pioneer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_Missions_Program_Office" title="Planetary Missions Program Office">Planetary Missions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discovery_program" class="mw-redirect" title="Discovery program">Discovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Frontiers_program" title="New Frontiers program">New Frontiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_Missions_Program_Office#Solar_System_Exploration" title="Planetary Missions Program Office">Solar System Exploration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_Observer_program" title="Planetary Observer program">Planetary Observer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_program" title="Ranger program">Ranger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_program" title="Surveyor program">Surveyor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Vanguard" title="Project Vanguard">Vanguard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_program" title="Viking program">Viking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voyager_program" title="Voyager program">Voyager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_X-37" title="Boeing X-37">X-37</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa; background: transparent; text-align: left; padding-left: 5px; padding-top: 3px;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Corps" title="NASA Astronaut Corps">NASA Astronaut Corps</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mercury_Seven" title="Mercury Seven">Mercury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Gemini_astronauts" title="List of Gemini astronauts">Gemini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Apollo_astronauts" title="List of Apollo astronauts">Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Space_Shuttle_crews" title="List of Space Shuttle crews">Space Shuttle</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa; background: transparent; text-align: left; padding-left: 5px; padding-top: 3px;color: var(--color-base)">Spaceports</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Range" title="Eastern Range">Eastern Range</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Space_Force_Station" title="Cape Canaveral Space Force Station">Cape Canaveral Space Force Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy Space Center</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallops_Flight_Facility" title="Wallops Flight Facility">Wallops Flight Facility</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mid-Atlantic_Regional_Spaceport" title="Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport">Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Spaceport_Complex_%E2%80%93_Alaska" title="Pacific Spaceport Complex – Alaska">Pacific Spaceport Complex – Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Range_(USSF)" title="Western Range (USSF)">Western Range</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vandenberg_Space_Force_Base" title="Vandenberg Space Force Base">Vandenberg Space Force Base</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa; background: transparent; text-align: left; padding-left: 5px; padding-top: 3px;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_orbital_launch_systems#United_States" title="List of orbital launch systems">Space launch vehicles</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Firefly_Alpha" title="Firefly Alpha"><i>Alpha</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antares_(rocket)" title="Antares (rocket)">Antares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_V" title="Atlas V">Atlas V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocket_Lab_Electron" title="Rocket Lab Electron">Electron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_9" title="Falcon 9">Falcon 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_Heavy" title="Falcon Heavy">Falcon Heavy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LauncherOne" title="LauncherOne">LauncherOne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minotaur_(rocket_family)" title="Minotaur (rocket family)">Minotaur</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minotaur_I" title="Minotaur I">I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minotaur_III" title="Minotaur III"><i>III</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minotaur_IV" title="Minotaur IV">IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minotaur_V" title="Minotaur V">V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minotaur-C" title="Minotaur-C">C</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Glenn" title="New Glenn">New Glenn</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Shepard" title="New Shepard">New Shepard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_Pegasus" title="Northrop Grumman Pegasus">Pegasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Launch_System" title="Space Launch System">Space Launch System</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Starship" title="SpaceX Starship">Starship</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulcan_Centaur" title="Vulcan Centaur">Vulcan Centaur</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa; background: transparent; text-align: left; padding-left: 5px; padding-top: 3px;color: var(--color-base)">National security space</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Space_Force" title="United States Space Force">United States Space Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Reconnaissance_Office" title="National Reconnaissance Office">National Reconnaissance Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Space_Command" title="United States Space Command">United States Space Command</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa; background: transparent; text-align: left; padding-left: 5px; padding-top: 3px;color: var(--color-base)">Civil space</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy_national_laboratories" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Department of Energy national laboratories">Department of Energy national laboratories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Aviation_Administration" title="Federal Aviation Administration">Federal Aviation Administration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Commercial_Space_Transportation" title="Office of Commercial Space Transportation">Office of Commercial Space Transportation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Environmental_Satellite,_Data,_and_Information_Service" title="National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service">National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Space_Commerce" title="Office of Space Commerce">Office of Space Commerce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Weather_Prediction_Center" title="Space Weather Prediction Center">Space Weather Prediction Center</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Under_Secretary_of_State_for_Economic_Growth,_Energy,_and_the_Environment" title="Under Secretary of State for Economic Growth, Energy, and the Environment">Department of State Office of Space Affairs</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Office of Science and Technology Policy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa; background: transparent; text-align: left; padding-left: 5px; padding-top: 3px;color: var(--color-base)">Commercial space industry</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astra_(American_spaceflight_company)" title="Astra (American spaceflight company)">Astra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ball_Aerospace_%26_Technologies" title="Ball Aerospace & Technologies">Ball Aerospace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bigelow_Aerospace" title="Bigelow Aerospace">Bigelow Aerospace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Origin" title="Blue Origin">Blue Origin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_Defense,_Space_%26_Security" title="Boeing Defense, Space & Security">Boeing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefly_Aerospace" title="Firefly Aerospace">Firefly Aerospace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_Space" title="Lockheed Martin Space">Lockheed Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raytheon_Intelligence_%26_Space" title="Raytheon Intelligence & Space">Raytheon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocket_Lab" title="Rocket Lab">Rocket Lab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_Innovation_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems">Northrop Grumman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Nevada_Corporation" title="Sierra Nevada Corporation">Sierra Nevada Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX" title="SpaceX">SpaceX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SSL_(company)" title="SSL (company)">SSL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Launch_Alliance" title="United Launch Alliance">United Launch Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Galactic" title="Virgin Galactic">Virgin Galactic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Orbit" title="Virgin Orbit">Virgin Orbit</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_space_program_sidebar" title="Template:United States space program sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_space_program_sidebar" title="Template talk:United States space program sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_space_program_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States space program sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Office of Science and Technology Policy</b> (<b>OSTP</b>) is a department of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> government, part of the <a href="/wiki/Executive_Office_of_the_President_of_the_United_States" title="Executive Office of the President of the United States">Executive Office of the President</a> (EOP), established by <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a> on May 11, 1976, with a broad mandate to advise the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> on the effects of <a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_the_United_States" title="Science and technology in the United States">science and technology on domestic and international affairs</a>. </p><p>The director of this office is traditionally colloquially known as the <a href="/wiki/Science_Advisor_to_the_President" title="Science Advisor to the President">Science Advisor to the President</a>. A recent appointed director was mathematician and geneticist <a href="/wiki/Eric_Lander" title="Eric Lander">Eric Lander</a> who was sworn in on June 2, 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lander resigned February 18, 2022, following allegations of misconduct.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On February 16, 2022, the <a href="/wiki/Biden_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Biden administration">Biden administration</a> announced that deputy director <a href="/wiki/Alondra_Nelson" title="Alondra Nelson">Alondra Nelson</a> would serve as acting director and former <a href="/wiki/NIH" class="mw-redirect" title="NIH">NIH</a> director <a href="/wiki/Francis_Collins" title="Francis Collins">Francis Collins</a> would serve as acting science advisor. Both assumed positions on February 18, 2022. In October 2022, <a href="/wiki/Arati_Prabhakar" title="Arati Prabhakar">Arati Prabhakar</a> became Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-arati1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arati1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Office_of_Science_and_Technology_Policy&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2020</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Office_of_Science_and_Technology_Policy&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gerald_Ford_A9732_(1976-05-11)_A.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Gerald_Ford_A9732_%281976-05-11%29_A.jpg/220px-Gerald_Ford_A9732_%281976-05-11%29_A.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/Gerald_Ford_A9732_%281976-05-11%29_A.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="271" data-file-height="177" /></a><figcaption>President Ford signing H.R. 10230, establishing the Office of Science and Technology Policy</figcaption></figure> <p>President <a href="/wiki/Richard_M._Nixon" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard M. Nixon">Richard M. Nixon</a> eliminated the <a href="/wiki/President%27s_Science_Advisory_Committee" title="President's Science Advisory Committee">President's Science Advisory Committee</a> after his second Science Advisor, <a href="/wiki/Edward_E._David_Jr." title="Edward E. David Jr.">Edward E. David Jr.</a>, resigned in 1973, rather than appointing a replacement. In 1975, the <a href="/wiki/American_Physical_Society" title="American Physical Society">American Physical Society</a> president <a href="/wiki/Chien-Shiung_Wu" title="Chien-Shiung Wu">Chien-Shiung Wu</a> met with the new president <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a> to reinstate a scientific body of advisors for the executive branch and the president, which President Ford concurred to do.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The United States Congress then established the OSTP in 1976 with a broad mandate to advise the President and others within the Executive Office of the President on the effects of science and technology on domestic and international affairs. The 1976 Act also authorizes OSTP to lead inter-agency efforts to develop and to implement sound science and technology policies and budgets and to work with the <a href="/wiki/Private_sector" title="Private sector">private sector</a>, <a href="/wiki/State_governments_of_the_United_States" title="State governments of the United States">state</a> and <a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_United_States" title="Local government in the United States">local governments</a>, the science and <a href="/wiki/Higher_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education">higher education</a> communities, and other nations toward this end. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Office_of_Science_and_Technology_Policy&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 21st century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>, OSTP's staff dropped from 135 to 45 people.<sup id="cite_ref-CBSNov2017_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBSNov2017-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The OSTP director position remained vacant for over two years, the longest vacancy for the position since the office's founding.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BFJan2018_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BFJan2018-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid30087470_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid30087470-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kelvin_Droegemeier" title="Kelvin Droegemeier">Kelvin Droegemeier</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_scientist" class="mw-redirect" title="Atmospheric scientist">atmospheric scientist</a> who previously served as the vice president of research at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oklahoma" title="University of Oklahoma">University of Oklahoma</a>, was nominated for the position on August 1, 2018<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and confirmed by the Senate on January 2, 2019. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Michael_Kratsios" title="Michael Kratsios">Michael Kratsios</a> was nominated by President Trump to be the fourth <a href="/wiki/Chief_Technology_Officer_of_the_United_States" title="Chief Technology Officer of the United States">Chief Technology Officer of the United States</a> and associate director of OSTP in March 2019<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was unanimously confirmed by the Senate on August 1, 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During Trump's tenure, Droegemeier also managed the <a href="/wiki/National_Science_and_Technology_Council" title="National Science and Technology Council">National Science and Technology Council</a>. </p><p>President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> named, and the Senate later unanimously confirmed,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Eric_Lander" title="Eric Lander">Eric Lander</a> as head of the Office of Science and Technology Policy, while also upgrading the position to a <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">cabinet</a>-level post.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lander resigned in February 2022 following reports that engaged in abusive conduct against both subordinates and other White House officials.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2022, The White House Office of Science and Technology Policy held a roundtable discussion with some of the nation’s leading scientists to discuss the need to combat the climate crisis and counter arguments for delaying climate action. It is the first time that the White House has recognized scientists who study the climate denial operation run by the fossil fuel industry.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On August 8, 2022, President Joe Biden signed into law the <a href="/wiki/CHIPS_and_Science_Act" title="CHIPS and Science Act">CHIPS and Science Act</a> which included a provision to create a <a href="/wiki/Blockchain" title="Blockchain">blockchain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cryptocurrency" title="Cryptocurrency">cryptocurrency</a> specialist advisory position under the OSTP to be established and appointed by the Director.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On August 25, 2022, OSTP issued guidance to make all federally funded research in the United States freely available without delay.<sup id="cite_ref-OSTPaug2022_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OSTPaug2022-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Staff">Staff</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Office_of_Science_and_Technology_Policy&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Staff"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Key positions vary among administrations and are not always published online.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Assistant to the President for Science and Technology and OSTP Director: <a href="/wiki/Arati_Prabhakar" title="Arati Prabhakar">Arati Prabhakar</a></li> <li>Deputy Assistant to the President for Cancer Moonshot and OSTP Deputy Director for Health Outcomes: <a href="/wiki/Danielle_Carnival" title="Danielle Carnival">Danielle Carnival</a></li> <li>Special Assistant to the President and OSTP Chief of Staff and Deputy Director for Strategy: Asad Ramzanali<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Special Assistant to the President and OSTP Principal Deputy Director for Science, Society, and Policy: <a href="/wiki/Kei_Koizumi_(science_policymaker)" title="Kei Koizumi (science policymaker)">Kei Koizumi</a></li> <li>Special Assistant to the President and OSTP Deputy Director for National Security: Stephen Welby</li> <li>Special Assistant to the President and Principal Deputy U.S. Chief Technology Officer and OSTP Deputy Director for Technology: <a href="/wiki/Karen_Kornbluh" title="Karen Kornbluh">Karen Kornbluh</a><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>OSTP Deputy Director for Climate and Environment: <a href="/wiki/Jane_Lubchenco" title="Jane Lubchenco">Jane Lubchenco</a></li> <li>OSTP Deputy Director for Industrial Innovation: Justina Gallegos</li> <li>OSTP Deputy Chief of Staff: Jack Cumming</li> <li>OSTP Director of Communications: Jackie McGuinness</li> <li>OSTP Director of Legislative Affairs: Alexandrine De Bianchi</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Directors">Directors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Office_of_Science_and_Technology_Policy&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Directors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>List of OSTP directors.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"> <tbody><tr> <th><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> </th> <th class="unsortable">Image </th> <th>Name </th> <th>Start </th> <th>End </th> <th colspan="2">President </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Guyford_Stever.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Guyford_Stever.jpg/70px-Guyford_Stever.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Guyford_Stever.jpg/105px-Guyford_Stever.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Guyford_Stever.jpg 2x" data-file-width="139" data-file-height="208" /></a></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Stever, Guyford"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Guyford_Stever" title="Guyford Stever">Guyford Stever</a></span></span></span> </td> <td>August 9, 1976 </td> <td>January 20, 1977 </td> <td style="background: #E81B23;"> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Ford, Gerald"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a></span></span></span><br />(1974–1977) </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Frank_Press_Jerusalem1953.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Frank_Press_Jerusalem1953.jpg/70px-Frank_Press_Jerusalem1953.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Frank_Press_Jerusalem1953.jpg/105px-Frank_Press_Jerusalem1953.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Frank_Press_Jerusalem1953.jpg/140px-Frank_Press_Jerusalem1953.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2022" data-file-height="3072" /></a></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Press, Frank"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Press" title="Frank Press">Frank Press</a></span></span></span> </td> <td>January 20, 1977 </td> <td>January 20, 1981 </td> <td style="background: #3333FF;"> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Carter, Jimmy"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a></span></span></span><br />(1977–1981) </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#e6e6aa">– </td> <td bgcolor="#e6e6aa"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/70px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/105px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/140px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#e6e6aa"><span data-sort-value="Huberman, Benjamin"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Huberman" title="Benjamin Huberman">Benjamin Huberman</a></span></span></span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Acting</span> </td> <td bgcolor="#e6e6aa">March 5, 1981 </td> <td bgcolor="#e6e6aa">August 1981 </td> <td rowspan="5" style="background: #E81B23;"> </td> <td rowspan="5"><span data-sort-value="Reagan, Ronald"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a></span></span></span><br />(1981–1989) </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:George_A._Keyworth,_II_1981,_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/George_A._Keyworth%2C_II_1981%2C_4.jpg/70px-George_A._Keyworth%2C_II_1981%2C_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/George_A._Keyworth%2C_II_1981%2C_4.jpg/105px-George_A._Keyworth%2C_II_1981%2C_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/George_A._Keyworth%2C_II_1981%2C_4.jpg/140px-George_A._Keyworth%2C_II_1981%2C_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="162" /></a></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Keyworth, Jay"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/George_A._Keyworth_II" title="George A. Keyworth II">Jay Keyworth</a></span></span></span> </td> <td>August 1981 </td> <td>December 1985 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#e6e6aa">– </td> <td bgcolor="#e6e6aa"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/70px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/105px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/140px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#e6e6aa"><span data-sort-value="McTague, John"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_McTague&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John McTague (page does not exist)">John McTague</a></span></span></span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Acting</span> </td> <td bgcolor="#e6e6aa">January 1986 </td> <td bgcolor="#e6e6aa">May 23, 1986 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#e6e6aa">– </td> <td bgcolor="#e6e6aa"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/70px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/105px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/140px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#e6e6aa"><span data-sort-value="Johnson, Richard"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_G._Johnson_(scientist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard G. Johnson (scientist) (page does not exist)">Richard Johnson</a></span></span></span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Acting</span> </td> <td bgcolor="#e6e6aa">May 24, 1986 </td> <td bgcolor="#e6e6aa">October 1, 1986 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Robert_Graham,_NASA_photo_portrait,_November_1985.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/William_Robert_Graham%2C_NASA_photo_portrait%2C_November_1985.jpg/70px-William_Robert_Graham%2C_NASA_photo_portrait%2C_November_1985.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/William_Robert_Graham%2C_NASA_photo_portrait%2C_November_1985.jpg/105px-William_Robert_Graham%2C_NASA_photo_portrait%2C_November_1985.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/William_Robert_Graham%2C_NASA_photo_portrait%2C_November_1985.jpg/140px-William_Robert_Graham%2C_NASA_photo_portrait%2C_November_1985.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2254" data-file-height="2780" /></a></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Graham, William"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/William_Robert_Graham" title="William Robert Graham">William Graham</a></span></span></span> </td> <td>October 2, 1986 </td> <td>June 1989 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#e6e6aa">– </td> <td bgcolor="#e6e6aa"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/70px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/105px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/140px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#e6e6aa"><span data-sort-value="Rona, Thomas"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_P._Rona" title="Thomas P. Rona">Thomas Rona</a></span></span></span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Acting</span> </td> <td bgcolor="#e6e6aa">June 1989 </td> <td bgcolor="#e6e6aa">August 1989 </td> <td rowspan="3" style="background: #E81B23;"> </td> <td rowspan="3"><span data-sort-value="Bush, George H. W."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a></span></span></span><br />(1989–1993) </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#e6e6aa">– </td> <td bgcolor="#e6e6aa"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/70px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/105px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/140px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#e6e6aa"><span data-sort-value="Wells, William"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Wells_(scientist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Wells (scientist) (page does not exist)">William Wells</a></span></span></span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Acting</span> </td> <td bgcolor="#e6e6aa">August 1989 </td> <td bgcolor="#e6e6aa">August 1989 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:D._Allen_Bromley_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/D._Allen_Bromley_%28cropped%29.jpg/70px-D._Allen_Bromley_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/D._Allen_Bromley_%28cropped%29.jpg/105px-D._Allen_Bromley_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/D._Allen_Bromley_%28cropped%29.jpg/140px-D._Allen_Bromley_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="199" data-file-height="254" /></a></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Bromley, Allan"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/D._Allan_Bromley" title="D. Allan Bromley">Allan Bromley</a></span></span></span> </td> <td>August 1989 </td> <td>January 20, 1993 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dr_Gibbons_USDA_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Dr_Gibbons_USDA_%28cropped%29.jpg/70px-Dr_Gibbons_USDA_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Dr_Gibbons_USDA_%28cropped%29.jpg/105px-Dr_Gibbons_USDA_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Dr_Gibbons_USDA_%28cropped%29.jpg/140px-Dr_Gibbons_USDA_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="153" data-file-height="203" /></a></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Gibbons, Jack"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/John_H._Gibbons_(scientist)" title="John H. Gibbons (scientist)">Jack Gibbons</a></span></span></span> </td> <td>January 20, 1993 </td> <td>April 3, 1998 </td> <td rowspan="3" style="background: #3333FF;"> </td> <td rowspan="3"><span data-sort-value="Clinton, Bill"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a></span></span></span><br />(1993–2001) </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#e6e6aa">– </td> <td bgcolor="#e6e6aa"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kerri-Ann_Jones.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Kerri-Ann_Jones.jpg/70px-Kerri-Ann_Jones.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Kerri-Ann_Jones.jpg/105px-Kerri-Ann_Jones.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Kerri-Ann_Jones.jpg/140px-Kerri-Ann_Jones.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#e6e6aa"><span data-sort-value="Jones, Kerri-Ann"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Kerri-Ann_Jones" title="Kerri-Ann Jones">Kerri-Ann Jones</a></span></span></span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Acting</span> </td> <td bgcolor="#e6e6aa">April 4, 1998 </td> <td bgcolor="#e6e6aa">August 3, 1998 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Neal-lane.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Neal-lane.jpg/70px-Neal-lane.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Neal-lane.jpg/105px-Neal-lane.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Neal-lane.jpg/140px-Neal-lane.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2100" /></a></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Lane, Neal"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Neal_Francis_Lane" title="Neal Francis Lane">Neal Lane</a></span></span></span> </td> <td>August 4, 1998 </td> <td>January 20, 2001 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#e6e6aa">– </td> <td bgcolor="#e6e6aa"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dean_Rosina_M._Bierbaum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Dean_Rosina_M._Bierbaum.jpg/70px-Dean_Rosina_M._Bierbaum.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Dean_Rosina_M._Bierbaum.jpg/105px-Dean_Rosina_M._Bierbaum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Dean_Rosina_M._Bierbaum.jpg/140px-Dean_Rosina_M._Bierbaum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2646" data-file-height="3974" /></a></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#e6e6aa"><span data-sort-value="Bierbaum, Rosina"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Rosina_Bierbaum" title="Rosina Bierbaum">Rosina Bierbaum</a></span></span></span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Acting</span> </td> <td bgcolor="#e6e6aa">January 21, 2001 </td> <td bgcolor="#e6e6aa">September 30, 2001 </td> <td rowspan="3" style="background: #E81B23;"> </td> <td rowspan="3"><span data-sort-value="Bush, George W."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a></span></span></span><br />(2001–2009) </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#e6e6aa">– </td> <td bgcolor="#e6e6aa"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/70px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/105px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/140px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#e6e6aa"><span data-sort-value="Gabriel, Clifford"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clifford_Gabriel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clifford Gabriel (page does not exist)">Clifford Gabriel</a></span></span></span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Acting</span> </td> <td bgcolor="#e6e6aa">October 1, 2001 </td> <td bgcolor="#e6e6aa">October 28, 2001 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Marburger_official_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/John_Marburger_official_portrait.jpg/70px-John_Marburger_official_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/John_Marburger_official_portrait.jpg/105px-John_Marburger_official_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/John_Marburger_official_portrait.jpg/140px-John_Marburger_official_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="3072" /></a></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Marburger, Jack"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/John_Marburger" title="John Marburger">Jack Marburger</a></span></span></span> </td> <td>October 29, 2001 </td> <td>January 20, 2009 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#e6e6aa">– </td> <td bgcolor="#e6e6aa"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/70px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/105px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/140px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#e6e6aa"><span data-sort-value="Wackler, Ted"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ted_Wackler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ted Wackler (page does not exist)">Ted Wackler</a></span></span></span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Acting</span> </td> <td bgcolor="#e6e6aa">January 20, 2009 </td> <td bgcolor="#e6e6aa">March 19, 2009 </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background: #3333FF;"> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span data-sort-value="Obama, Barack"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a></span></span></span><br />(2009–2017) </td></tr> <tr> <td>9 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Holdren_official_portrait_small.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/John_Holdren_official_portrait_small.jpg/70px-John_Holdren_official_portrait_small.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/John_Holdren_official_portrait_small.jpg/105px-John_Holdren_official_portrait_small.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/John_Holdren_official_portrait_small.jpg/140px-John_Holdren_official_portrait_small.jpg 2x" data-file-width="170" data-file-height="212" /></a></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Holdren, John"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/John_Holdren" title="John Holdren">John Holdren</a></span></span></span> </td> <td>March 19, 2009 </td> <td>January 20, 2017 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#e6e6aa">– </td> <td bgcolor="#e6e6aa"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/70px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/105px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/140px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#e6e6aa"><span data-sort-value="Wackler, Ted"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ted_Wackler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ted Wackler (page does not exist)">Ted Wackler</a></span></span></span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Acting</span><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td bgcolor="#e6e6aa">January 20, 2017 </td> <td bgcolor="#e6e6aa">January 11, 2019 </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background: #E81B23;"> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span data-sort-value="Trump, Donald"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a></span></span></span><br />(2017–2021) </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kelvin_Droegemeier_official_photo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Kelvin_Droegemeier_official_photo.jpg/70px-Kelvin_Droegemeier_official_photo.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Kelvin_Droegemeier_official_photo.jpg/105px-Kelvin_Droegemeier_official_photo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Kelvin_Droegemeier_official_photo.jpg/140px-Kelvin_Droegemeier_official_photo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2439" /></a></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Droegemeier, Kelvin"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Kelvin_Droegemeier" title="Kelvin Droegemeier">Kelvin Droegemeier</a></span></span></span> </td> <td>January 11, 2019 </td> <td>January 20, 2021 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#e6e6aa">– </td> <td bgcolor="#e6e6aa"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:20161006-OSEC-RBN-7275_(30189848116).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/20161006-OSEC-RBN-7275_%2830189848116%29.jpg/70px-20161006-OSEC-RBN-7275_%2830189848116%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/20161006-OSEC-RBN-7275_%2830189848116%29.jpg/105px-20161006-OSEC-RBN-7275_%2830189848116%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/20161006-OSEC-RBN-7275_%2830189848116%29.jpg/140px-20161006-OSEC-RBN-7275_%2830189848116%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4912" data-file-height="7360" /></a></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#e6e6aa"><span data-sort-value="Koizumi, Kei"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Kei_Koizumi_(science_policymaker)" title="Kei Koizumi (science policymaker)">Kei Koizumi</a></span></span></span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Acting</span> </td> <td bgcolor="#e6e6aa">January 20, 2021 </td> <td bgcolor="#e6e6aa">June 2, 2021 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="background: #3333FF;"> </td> <td rowspan="4"><span data-sort-value="Biden, Joe"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a></span></span></span><br />(2021–2025) </td></tr> <tr> <td>11 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eric_Lander_July_2021.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Eric_Lander_July_2021.jpg/70px-Eric_Lander_July_2021.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Eric_Lander_July_2021.jpg/105px-Eric_Lander_July_2021.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Eric_Lander_July_2021.jpg/140px-Eric_Lander_July_2021.jpg 2x" data-file-width="142" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Lander, Eric"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Eric_Lander" title="Eric Lander">Eric Lander</a></span></span></span> </td> <td>June 2, 2021 </td> <td>February 18, 2022 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#e6e6aa">– </td> <td bgcolor="#e6e6aa"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alondra_Nelson,_OSTP_Deputy_Director_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Alondra_Nelson%2C_OSTP_Deputy_Director_%28cropped%29.jpg/70px-Alondra_Nelson%2C_OSTP_Deputy_Director_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Alondra_Nelson%2C_OSTP_Deputy_Director_%28cropped%29.jpg/105px-Alondra_Nelson%2C_OSTP_Deputy_Director_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Alondra_Nelson%2C_OSTP_Deputy_Director_%28cropped%29.jpg/140px-Alondra_Nelson%2C_OSTP_Deputy_Director_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="275" data-file-height="335" /></a></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#e6e6aa"><a href="/wiki/Alondra_Nelson" title="Alondra Nelson">Alondra Nelson</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Acting</span><sup id="cite_ref-:1_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><i></i> </td> <td bgcolor="#e6e6aa">February 18, 2022 </td> <td bgcolor="#e6e6aa">October 3, 2022 </td></tr> <tr> <td>12 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arati_Prabhakar_by_christopher_michel_5-9-23.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Arati_Prabhakar_by_christopher_michel_5-9-23.jpg/70px-Arati_Prabhakar_by_christopher_michel_5-9-23.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Arati_Prabhakar_by_christopher_michel_5-9-23.jpg/105px-Arati_Prabhakar_by_christopher_michel_5-9-23.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Arati_Prabhakar_by_christopher_michel_5-9-23.jpg/140px-Arati_Prabhakar_by_christopher_michel_5-9-23.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4871" data-file-height="7307" /></a></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Prabhakar, Arati"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Arati_Prabhakar" title="Arati Prabhakar">Arati Prabhakar</a></span></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-arati1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arati1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>October 3, 2022 </td> <td>January 20, 2025 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#e6e6aa">– </td> <td bgcolor="#e6e6aa"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:No_image.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/70px-No_image.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/105px-No_image.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/No_image.svg/140px-No_image.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#e6e6aa">Michael Kratsios<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Acting</span> </td> <td bgcolor="#e6e6aa">January 20, 2025 </td> <td bgcolor="#e6e6aa">present </td> <td style="background: #E81B23;"> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Trump, Donald"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a></span></span></span><br />(2025–present) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Office_of_Science_and_Technology_Policy&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Title_32_of_the_Code_of_Federal_Regulations" title="Title 32 of the Code of Federal Regulations">Title 32 of the Code of Federal Regulations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Science_and_Technology_Council" title="National Science and Technology Council">National Science and Technology Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_Council_of_Advisors_on_Science_and_Technology" title="President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology">President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_Advisor_to_the_President" title="Science Advisor to the President">Science Advisor to the President</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Office_of_Science_and_Technology_Policy&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist 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no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 18,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+White+House&rft.atitle=White+House+Office+of+Science+and+Technology+Policy+Announces+New+Chief+of+Staff+%7C+OSTP&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbidenwhitehouse.archives.gov%2Fostp%2Fnews-updates%2F2022%2F11%2F15%2Fwhite-house-office-of-science-and-technology-policy-announces-new-chief-of-staff%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOffice+of+Science+and+Technology+Policy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEgan2024" class="citation news cs1">Egan, Lauren (July 30, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/newsletters/west-wing-playbook/2024/07/30/what-if-harris-cleans-house-00171948">"What if Harris cleans house?"</a>. <i>Politico</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=What+if+Harris+cleans+house%3F&rft.date=2024-07-30&rft.aulast=Egan&rft.aufirst=Lauren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fnewsletters%2Fwest-wing-playbook%2F2024%2F07%2F30%2Fwhat-if-harris-cleans-house-00171948&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOffice+of+Science+and+Technology+Policy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/administration/eop/ostp/about/leadershipstaff/previous">"Previous Science Advisors (1973–2009)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Whitehouse.gov" title="Whitehouse.gov">whitehouse.gov</a></i> – via <a href="/wiki/NARA" class="mw-redirect" title="NARA">National Archives</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=whitehouse.gov&rft.atitle=Previous+Science+Advisors+%281973%E2%80%932009%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fobamawhitehouse.archives.gov%2Fadministration%2Feop%2Fostp%2Fabout%2Fleadershipstaff%2Fprevious&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOffice+of+Science+and+Technology+Policy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShowstack2017" class="citation web cs1">Showstack, Randy (July 27, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eos.org/features/trump-administration-moving-closer-to-picking-science-director">"Trump Administration Moving Closer to Picking Science Director"</a>. <i>Eos</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Eos&rft.atitle=Trump+Administration+Moving+Closer+to+Picking+Science+Director&rft.date=2017-07-27&rft.aulast=Showstack&rft.aufirst=Randy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feos.org%2Ffeatures%2Ftrump-administration-moving-closer-to-picking-science-director&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOffice+of+Science+and+Technology+Policy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWard" class="citation web cs1">Ward, Myah. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/news/2022/02/16/eric-lander-biden-replacements-00009625">"Biden names 2 people to replace Eric Lander in top science roles"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 17,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Biden+names+2+people+to+replace+Eric+Lander+in+top+science+roles&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=Myah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fnews%2F2022%2F02%2F16%2Feric-lander-biden-replacements-00009625&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOffice+of+Science+and+Technology+Policy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Office_of_Science_and_Technology_Policy&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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href="/wiki/White_House_Office_of_Intergovernmental_Affairs" title="White House Office of Intergovernmental Affairs">Intergovernmental Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Director_of_Legislative_Affairs" title="White House Director of Legislative Affairs">Legislative Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Office_of_Management_and_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="White House Office of Management and Administration">Management and Administration</a> (White House Operations, White House Personnel, <a href="/wiki/White_House_Visitors_Office" title="White House Visitors Office">Visitors Office</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Economic_Council_(United_States)" title="National Economic Council (United States)">National Economic Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_National_Trade_Council" title="White House National Trade Council">National Trade Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oval_Office_Operations" title="Oval Office Operations">Oval Office Operations</a> (<a href="/wiki/Secretary_to_the_President_of_the_United_States" title="Secretary to the President of the United States">Personal Secretary</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Political_Director" title="White House Political Director">Office of Political Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Innovation_Fellows" title="Presidential Innovation Fellows">Presidential Innovation Fellows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Office_of_Presidential_Personnel" class="mw-redirect" title="White House Office of Presidential Personnel">Presidential Personnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Public_Engagement_(White_House)" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of Public Engagement (White House)">Public Engagement</a> (<a href="/wiki/White_House_Council_on_Women_and_Girls" title="White House Council on Women and Girls">Council on Women and Girls</a>, <a href="/wiki/White_House_Jewish_Liaison" title="White House Jewish Liaison">Jewish Liaison</a>, <a href="/wiki/White_House_Office_of_Urban_Affairs" title="White House Office of Urban Affairs">Urban Affairs</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Office_of_Scheduling_and_Advance" class="mw-redirect" title="White House Office of Scheduling and Advance">Scheduling and Advance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Office_of_the_Staff_Secretary" title="White House Office of the Staff Secretary">Staff Secretary</a> (<a href="/wiki/White_House_Office_of_the_Executive_Clerk" title="White House Office of the Executive Clerk">Executive Clerk</a>, <a href="/wiki/White_House_Office_of_Presidential_Correspondence" title="White House Office of Presidential Correspondence">Presidential Correspondence</a>, Office of Records Management)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Military_Office" title="White House Military Office">Military Office</a> (<a href="/wiki/White_House_Communications_Agency" title="White House Communications Agency">Communications Agency</a>, <a href="/wiki/White_House_Medical_Unit" title="White House Medical Unit">Medical Unit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Food_Service" title="Presidential Food Service">Presidential Food Service</a>, <a href="/wiki/White_House_Transportation_Agency" title="White House Transportation Agency">Transportation Agency</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Federal_research_and_development_agencies_of_the_United_States_(list)1072" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_research_agencies" title="Template:United States research agencies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_research_agencies" title="Template talk:United States research agencies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_research_agencies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States research agencies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Federal_research_and_development_agencies_of_the_United_States_(list)1072" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Federal <a href="/wiki/Science_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Science policy of the United States">research and development agencies</a> of the United States (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_research_and_development_agencies" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States research and development agencies">list</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independent<br />agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Science_Foundation" title="National Science Foundation">National Science Foundation</a> (NSF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">National Aeronautics and Space Administration</a> (NASA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency">Environmental Protection Agency</a> Office of Research and Development</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligence_Advanced_Research_Projects_Activity" title="Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity">Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity</a> (IARPA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution#Smithsonian_research_centers_and_programs" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution research centers and programs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture">Agriculture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Research_Service" title="Agricultural Research Service">Agricultural Research Service</a> (ARS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Food_and_Agriculture" title="National Institute of Food and Agriculture">National Institute of Food and Agriculture</a> (NIFA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Research_Service" title="Economic Research Service">Economic Research Service</a> (ERS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Forest_Service#Research_Stations_and_Research_Work_Units" title="United States Forest Service">United States Forest Service Research and Development</a> (R&D)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Commerce" title="United States Department of Commerce">Commerce</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology">National Institute of Standards and Technology</a> (NIST)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a> (NOAA)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">Defense</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Army</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Combat_Capabilities_Development_Command" title="United States Army Combat Capabilities Development Command">Army Combat Capabilities Development Command</a> (CCDCOM) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Research_Laboratory" title="United States Army Research Laboratory">Army Research Laboratory</a> (ARL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_Capabilities_Development_Command_Soldier_Center" title="Combat Capabilities Development Command Soldier Center">Combat Capabilities Development Command Soldier Center</a> (CCDCSC)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_CCDC_Armaments_Center" title="United States Army CCDC Armaments Center">CCDC Armaments Center</a> (CCDCAC) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Picatinny_Arsenal" title="Picatinny Arsenal">Picatinny Arsenal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben%C3%A9t_Laboratories" title="Benét Laboratories">Benét Laboratories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watervliet_Arsenal" title="Watervliet Arsenal">Watervliet Arsenal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Test_and_Evaluation_Command" title="United States Army Test and Evaluation Command">Test and Evaluation Command</a> (ATEC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Medical_Research_and_Development_Command" title="United States Army Medical Research and Development Command">United States Army Medical Research and Development Command</a> (USAMRDC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engineer_Research_and_Development_Center" title="Engineer Research and Development Center">Engineer Research and Development Center</a> (ERDC)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Marine Corps</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_Combat_Development_Command" title="Marine Corps Combat Development Command">Marine Corps Combat Development Command</a> (MCCDC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_Warfighting_Laboratory" title="United States Marine Corps Warfighting Laboratory">Marine Corps Warfighting Laboratory</a> (MCWL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_Operational_Test_and_Evaluation_Activity" title="Marine Corps Operational Test and Evaluation Activity">Marine Corps Operational Test and Evaluation Activity</a> (MCOTEA)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Navy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Naval_Research" title="Office of Naval Research">Office of Naval Research</a> (ONR) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Naval_Research_Laboratory" title="United States Naval Research Laboratory">Naval Research Laboratory</a> (NRL)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Medical_Research_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval Medical Research Center">Naval Medical Research Center</a> (NMRC)</li> <li>Naval Warfare Centers <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Air_Warfare_Center" title="Naval Air Warfare Center">Air</a> (NAWC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Surface_Warfare_Center" title="Naval Surface Warfare Center">Surface</a> (NSWC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Undersea_Warfare_Center" title="Naval Undersea Warfare Center">Undersea</a> (NUWC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Command,_Control_and_Ocean_Surveillance_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval Command, Control and Ocean Surveillance Center">Command, Control and Ocean Surveillance</a> (NCCOSC)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Air_Weapons_Station_China_Lake" title="Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake">Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake</a> (NAWS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Postgraduate_School" title="Naval Postgraduate School">Naval Postgraduate School</a> (NPS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operational_Test_and_Evaluation_Force" title="Operational Test and Evaluation Force">Operational Test and Evaluation Force</a> (OPTEVFOR)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Air Force</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Materiel_Command" title="Air Force Materiel Command">Air Force Materiel Command</a> (AFMC) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Armament_Center" title="Air Armament Center">Air Armament Center</a> (AAC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Research_Laboratory" title="Air Force Research Laboratory">Air Force Research Laboratory</a> (AFRL)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Life_Cycle_Management_Center" title="Air Force Life Cycle Management Center">Air Force Life Cycle Management Center</a> (AFLCMC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Nuclear_Weapons_Center" title="Air Force Nuclear Weapons Center">Air Force Nuclear Weapons Center</a> (NWC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Institute_of_Technology" title="Air Force Institute of Technology">Air Force Institute of Technology</a> (AFIT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Operational_Test_and_Evaluation_Center" title="Air Force Operational Test and Evaluation Center">Air Force Operational Test and Evaluation Center</a> (AFOTEC)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Space_Force" title="United States Space Force">Space Force</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_Systems_Command" title="Space Systems Command">Space Systems Command</a> (SSC)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DARPA" title="DARPA">Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency</a> (DARPA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniformed_Services_University_of_the_Health_Sciences" title="Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences">Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences</a> (USU)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Education" title="United States Department of Education">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Education_Sciences" title="Institute of Education Sciences">Institute of Education Sciences</a> (IES)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_on_Disability,_Independent_Living,_and_Rehabilitation_Research" title="National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research">National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research</a> (NIDILRR)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy">Energy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Science" title="Office of Science">Office of Science</a> (DOE SC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARPA-E" title="ARPA-E">Advanced Research Projects Agency–Energy</a> (ARPA-E)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy_National_Laboratories" title="United States Department of Energy National Laboratories">National Laboratories</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="United States Department of Health and Human Services">Health and<br />Human Services</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Institutes_of_Health" title="National Institutes of Health">National Institutes of Health</a> (NIH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health" title="National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health">National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health</a> (NIOSH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration#Science_and_research_programs" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration science and research programs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agency_for_Healthcare_Research_and_Quality" title="Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality">Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality</a> (AHRQ)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biomedical_Advanced_Research_and_Development_Authority" title="Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority">Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority</a> (BARDA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Medicare_and_Medicaid_Innovation" title="Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation">Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation</a> (CMMI)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Department of Homeland Security">Homeland Security</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DHS_Science_and_Technology_Directorate" title="DHS Science and Technology Directorate">Science and Technology Directorate</a> (S&T)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard_Research_and_Development_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Coast Guard Research and Development Center">Coast Guard Research and Development Center </a> (CG RDC)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Interior" title="United States Department of the Interior">Interior</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">United States Geological Survey</a> (USGS)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">Justice</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Justice" title="National Institute of Justice">National Institute of Justice</a> (NIJ)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/FBI_Science_and_Technology_Branch" title="FBI Science and Technology Branch">FBI Science and Technology Branch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Transportation" title="United States Department of Transportation">Transportation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Research_and_Innovative_Technology_Administration" title="Research and Innovative Technology Administration">Research and Innovative Technology Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Aviation_Administration" title="Federal Aviation Administration">Federal Aviation Administration</a> Research, Engineering, and Development</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Highway_Administration" title="Federal Highway Administration">Federal Highway Administration</a> Research and Technology</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Department of the Treasury">Treasury</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Financial_Research" title="Office of Financial Research">Office of Financial Research</a> (OFR)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Veterans_Affairs" title="United States Department of Veterans Affairs">Veterans Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Veterans_Health_Administration_Office_of_Research_and_Development" title="Veterans Health Administration Office of Research and Development">Veterans Health Administration Office of Research and Development</a> (ORD)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Executive_Office_of_the_President_of_the_United_States" title="Executive Office of the President of the United States">Executive Office<br />of the President</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Office of Science and Technology Policy</a> (OSTP) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Global_Change_Research_Program" title="U.S. Global Change Research Program">U.S. Global Change Research Program</a> (USGCRP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Networking_and_Information_Technology_Research_and_Development" title="Networking and Information Technology Research and Development">Networking and Information Technology Research and Development</a> Program (NITRD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Nanotechnology_Initiative" title="National Nanotechnology Initiative">National Nanotechnology Initiative</a> (NNI)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Legislative branch</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Science,_Space,_and_Technology" title="United States House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology">House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Commerce,_Science,_and_Transportation" title="United States Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation">Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Technology_Assessment" title="Office of Technology Assessment">Office of Technology Assessment</a> (OTA) <i>(defunct)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federal_judiciary_of_the_United_States" title="Federal judiciary of the United States">Judicial branch</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Judicial_Center" title="Federal Judicial Center">Federal Judicial Center</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3349673#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1095" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3349673#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1095" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority 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rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000123084276">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/137196003">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/290396-9">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79095414">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13775344w">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13775344w">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a 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