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by subject subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Categories_by_subject-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Band_and_music_promotion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Band_and_music_promotion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Band and music promotion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Band_and_music_promotion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Customer_complaints" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Customer_complaints"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Customer complaints</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Customer_complaints-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cyberbullying" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cyberbullying"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Cyberbullying</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cyberbullying-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Police_misconduct" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Police_misconduct"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Police misconduct</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Police_misconduct-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_implications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_implications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Political implications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_implications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Financial_implications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Financial_implications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Financial implications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Financial_implications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_sites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_sites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notable sites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_sites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" 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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Viral video</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 33 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">33 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88_%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="الفيديو سريع الانتشار – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الفيديو سريع الانتشار" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%ADdeo_viral" title="Vídeo viral – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Vídeo viral" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vir%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_video" title="Virální video – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Virální video" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fideo_firol" title="Fideo firol – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Fideo firol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_%CE%B2%CE%AF%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%BF" title="Viral βίντεο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Viral βίντεο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_viral" title="Video viral – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Video viral" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bideo_biral" title="Bideo biral – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bideo biral" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A6%D9%88%DB%8C_%D9%87%D9%85%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86" title="ویدئوی همه‌بین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویدئوی همه‌بین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vid%C3%A9o_virale" title="Vidéo virale – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vidéo virale" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%ADdeo_viral" title="Vídeo viral – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Vídeo viral" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%94%EC%9D%B4%EB%9F%B4_%EC%98%81%EC%83%81" title="바이럴 영상 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="바이럴 영상" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_viral" title="Video viral – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Video viral" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_virale" title="Video virale – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Video virale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99" title="סרטון ויראלי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סרטון ויראלי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D" title="ვირუსული ვიდეო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვირუსული ვიდეო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%93" title="व्हायरल व्हिडिओ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="व्हायरल व्हिडिओ" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_tular" title="Video tular – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Video tular" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_video" title="Viral video – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Viral video" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%82%A4%E3%83%A9%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%93%E3%83%87%E3%82%AA" title="バイラル・ビデオ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="バイラル・ビデオ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_video" title="Viral video – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Viral video" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%ADdeo_viral" title="Vídeo viral – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Vídeo viral" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE" title="Вирусное видео – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вирусное видео" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_video" title="Viral video – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Viral video" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%ADrusov%C3%A9_video" title="Vírusové video – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Vírusové video" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A4%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%DB%86%DB%8C_%DA%A4%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%86%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="ڤیدیۆی ڤایرۆسی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڤیدیۆی ڤایرۆسی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE" title="Вирални видео – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Вирални видео" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viraalivideo" title="Viraalivideo – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Viraalivideo" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_video" title="Viral video – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Viral video" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD" title="ไวรอลวิดีโอ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไวรอลวิดีโอ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_video" title="Viral video – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Viral video" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE" title="Вірусне відео – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вірусне відео" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_lan_truy%E1%BB%81n" title="Video lan truyền – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Video lan truyền" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B6%B2%E7%B5%A1%E7%88%86%E7%B4%85%E7%9F%AD%E7%89%87" title="網絡爆紅短片 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="網絡爆紅短片" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1030329#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/2012_Gangnam_Style_weekly_views.png/300px-2012_Gangnam_Style_weekly_views.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/2012_Gangnam_Style_weekly_views.png/450px-2012_Gangnam_Style_weekly_views.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/2012_Gangnam_Style_weekly_views.png/600px-2012_Gangnam_Style_weekly_views.png 2x" data-file-width="971" data-file-height="739" /></a><figcaption> Video views per week of a viral video (<a href="/wiki/Gangnam_Style_(music_video)" title="Gangnam Style (music video)">Gangnam Style</a>), illustrating viral growth to peak weekly viewership, in this case, in the eleventh week after it was posted<sup id="cite_ref-WaybackGangnam_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WaybackGangnam-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2012_Gangnam_Style_cumulative_views.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/2012_Gangnam_Style_cumulative_views.png/300px-2012_Gangnam_Style_cumulative_views.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/2012_Gangnam_Style_cumulative_views.png/450px-2012_Gangnam_Style_cumulative_views.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/2012_Gangnam_Style_cumulative_views.png/600px-2012_Gangnam_Style_cumulative_views.png 2x" data-file-width="965" data-file-height="742" /></a><figcaption> Cumulative video views, leading to a lower, but relatively stable, long-term growth rate by the end of the first year<sup id="cite_ref-WaybackGangnam_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WaybackGangnam-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Viral videos</b><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are <a href="/wiki/Video" title="Video">videos</a> that become popular through <a href="/wiki/Viral_phenomenon" title="Viral phenomenon">a viral process</a> of Internet sharing, primarily through video sharing websites such as <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Social_media" title="Social media">social media</a> and <a href="/wiki/Email" title="Email">email</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-jiangicmr2014_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jiangicmr2014-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For a video to be shareable or spreadable, it must focus on the social logics and cultural practices that have enabled and popularized these new platforms.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Viral videos may be serious, and some are deeply emotional, but many more are based more on <a href="/wiki/Entertainment" title="Entertainment">entertainment</a> and <a href="/wiki/Comedy" title="Comedy">comedy</a>. Notable early examples include televised comedy sketches, such as <a href="/wiki/The_Lonely_Island" title="The Lonely Island">The Lonely Island</a><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s "<a href="/wiki/Lazy_Sunday_(The_Lonely_Island_song)" title="Lazy Sunday (The Lonely Island song)">Lazy Sunday</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Dick_in_a_Box" title="Dick in a Box">Dick in a Box</a>", <i><a href="/wiki/Numa_Numa_(video)" title="Numa Numa (video)">Numa Numa</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-Guardian_2010_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guardian_2010-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> videos, <a href="/wiki/Judson_Laipply" title="Judson Laipply">The Evolution of Dance</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Guardian_2010_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guardian_2010-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Chocolate_Rain" title="Chocolate Rain">Chocolate Rain</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on YouTube; and web-only productions such as <a href="/wiki/I_Got_a_Crush..._on_Obama" class="mw-redirect" title="I Got a Crush... on Obama">I Got a Crush... on Obama</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and some events that have been captured by eyewitnesses can get viral such as <a href="/wiki/Battle_at_Kruger" title="Battle at Kruger">Battle at Kruger</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One commentator called the <a href="/wiki/Kony_2012" title="Kony 2012">Kony 2012</a> video the most viral video in history<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (about 34 million views in three days<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 100 million views in six days<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), but "<a href="/wiki/Gangnam_Style" title="Gangnam Style">Gangnam Style</a>" (2012) received one billion views in five months<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was the <a href="/wiki/List_of_most-viewed_YouTube_videos" title="List of most-viewed YouTube videos">most viewed video on YouTube</a> from 2012 until "<a href="/wiki/Despacito" title="Despacito">Despacito</a>" (2017).<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viral_video&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Videos were shared long before YouTube or even the Internet by word-of-mouth, film festivals, VHS tapes, and even to fill time gaps during the early days of cable.<sup id="cite_ref-viral_before_internet_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-viral_before_internet-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Perhaps the earliest was <i><a href="/wiki/Reefer_Madness" title="Reefer Madness">Reefer Madness</a></i>, a 1936 "educational" film that circulated under several different titles. It was rediscovered by <a href="/wiki/Keith_Stroup" title="Keith Stroup">Keith Stroup</a>, founder of <a href="/wiki/National_Organization_for_the_Reform_of_Marijuana_Laws" title="National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws">NORML</a>, who circulated prints of the film around college film festivals in the 1970s. The company who produced the prints, <a href="/wiki/New_Line_Cinema" title="New Line Cinema">New Line Cinema</a>, was so successful they began producing their own films.<sup id="cite_ref-viral_before_internet_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-viral_before_internet-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most controversial was perhaps a clip from a newscast from Portland, Oregon in November 1970. In the clip, the disposal of a beached whale carcass by dynamite is documented, including the horrific aftermath of falling mist and chunks since the <a href="/wiki/Exclusion_zone" title="Exclusion zone">exclusion zone</a> was not big enough.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Exploding_whale" title="Exploding whale">exploding whale</a> story obtained urban legend status in the Northwest and gained new interest in 1990 after <a href="/wiki/Dave_Barry" title="Dave Barry">Dave Barry</a> wrote a humorous column about the event,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> leading to copies being distributed over <a href="/wiki/Bulletin_board_system" title="Bulletin board system">bulletin board systems</a> around 1994.<sup id="cite_ref-Baskas2010_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baskas2010-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The "<a href="/wiki/Home_movies" class="mw-redirect" title="Home movies">humorous home video</a>" genre dates back at least to 1963, when the TV series "Your Funny, Funny Films"<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> debuted. The series showcased amusing film clips, mostly shot on 8mm equipment by amateurs. The idea was revived in 1989 with <i><a href="/wiki/America%27s_Funniest_Home_Videos" title="America's Funniest Home Videos">America's Funniest Home Videos</a></i>, a series described by an ABC executive as a one-time "reality-based filler special" that was inspired by a segment of a Japanese variety show, <i>Fun With Ken and Kaito Chan</i>, borrowing clips from various Japanese home video shows as well.<sup id="cite_ref-kill_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kill-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Now<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Relative_time_references" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="Clarify the applicable timeframe so that it is unambiguous when read at a later date. (November 2018)">timeframe?</span></a></i>]</sup> the longest-running primetime entertainment show in the history of ABC, the show's format includes showing clips of home videos sent in to the show's committee, and then the clips are voted on by a live filmed audience, with the winners awarded a monetary prize.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the internet's public infancy, the 1996 <i><a href="/wiki/Seinfeld" title="Seinfeld">Seinfeld</a></i> episode "<a href="/wiki/The_Little_Kicks" title="The Little Kicks">The Little Kicks</a>" addresses the distribution of a viral video through non-online, non-broadcast means. It concludes with the citizens of New York City having individually witnessed Elaine's terrible dancing via a bootleg copy of a feature film, establishing that the dancing footage had effectively gone viral. </p><p>Viral videos began circulating as animated <a href="/wiki/GIF" title="GIF">GIFs</a> small enough to be uploaded to websites over <a href="/wiki/Dial-up_Internet_access" title="Dial-up Internet access">dial-up Internet access</a> or through email as attachments in the early 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Videos were also spread on message boards, P2P file sharing sites, and even coverage from mainstream news networks on television.<sup id="cite_ref-here's_how_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-here's_how-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two of the most successful viral videos of the early internet era were "<a href="/wiki/The_Spirit_of_Christmas_(short_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Spirit of Christmas (short film)">The Spirit of Christmas</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Dancing_Baby" class="mw-redirect" title="Dancing Baby">Dancing Baby</a>". "The Spirit of Christmas" surfaced in 1995, spread through <a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Interleave" title="Audio Video Interleave">bootleg</a> copies on <a href="/wiki/VHS" title="VHS">VHS</a> and on the internet, as well as an <a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Interleave" title="Audio Video Interleave">AVI</a> file on the PlayStation game disc for <a href="/wiki/Tiger_Woods_99_PGA_Tour_Golf" title="Tiger Woods 99 PGA Tour Golf">Tiger Woods 99</a>, later leading to a recall.<sup id="cite_ref-here's_how_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-here's_how-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The popularity of the videos led to the creation of the television series <i><a href="/wiki/South_Park" title="South Park">South Park</a></i> after it was picked up by Comedy Central.<sup id="cite_ref-tuscaloosa_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tuscaloosa-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Dancing Baby", a 3D-rendered dancing baby video made in 1996 by the creators of <a href="/wiki/Character_Studio" class="mw-redirect" title="Character Studio">Character Studio</a> for <a href="/wiki/3D_Studio_MAX" class="mw-redirect" title="3D Studio MAX">3D Studio MAX</a>, became something of a mid-late 1990s <a href="/wiki/Popular_culture" title="Popular culture">cultural icon</a> in part due to its exposure on worldwide commercials, editorials about Character Studio, and the popular television series <i><a href="/wiki/Ally_McBeal" title="Ally McBeal">Ally McBeal</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-tuscaloosa_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tuscaloosa-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dancing_baby_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dancing_baby-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The video may have first spread when Ron Lussier, the animator who cleaned up the raw animation, began passing the video around his workplace, <a href="/wiki/LucasArts" class="mw-redirect" title="LucasArts">LucasArts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lussier_2005_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lussier_2005-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Later distribution of viral videos on the internet before YouTube, which was created in 2005 and bought by Google in 2006, were mostly through websites dedicated to hosting humorous content, such as <a href="/wiki/Newgrounds" title="Newgrounds">Newgrounds</a> and <a href="/wiki/YTMND" title="YTMND">YTMND</a>, although message boards such as eBaum's World and <a href="/wiki/Something_Awful" title="Something Awful">Something Awful</a> were also instrumental.<sup id="cite_ref-here's_how_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-here's_how-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Notably, some content creators hosted their content on their own websites, such as <a href="/wiki/Joel_Veitch" title="Joel Veitch">Joel Veitch</a>'s site for his band Rather Good, which hosted quirky <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Flash" title="Adobe Flash">Flash</a> videos for the band's songs; the most popular was "<a href="/wiki/Spongmonkeys" class="mw-redirect" title="Spongmonkeys">We Like the Moon</a>", whose viral popularity on the internet prompted <a href="/wiki/Quiznos" title="Quiznos">Quiznos</a> to parody the song for a commercial.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most famous self-hosted home of viral videos is perhaps <a href="/wiki/Homestar_Runner" title="Homestar Runner">Homestar Runner</a>, released in the early 2000’s and is still running today<sup id="cite_ref-here's_how_27-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-here's_how-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the mid 2000’s more social media websites such as Facebook (2004)<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://eu.usatoday.com/story/tech/2022/07/25/when-was-facebook-created/10040883002/">[1]</a> and Twitter (2006)<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.business-standard.com/world-news/twitter-was-founded-on-this-day-in-2006-here-s-all-you-need-to-know-124071500394_1.html">[2]</a> gave users the option to share videos causing them to go viral. More recently, there has been a surge in viral videos on video sharing sites such as YouTube, partially because of the availability of affordable digital cameras.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beginning in December 2015, YouTube introduced a "trending" tab to alert users to viral videos using an algorithm based on comments, views, "external references", and even location.<sup id="cite_ref-trending_tab_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trending_tab-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The feature reportedly does not use viewing history to serve up related content, and the content may be curated by YouTube.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Modern viral videos tend to come from <a href="/wiki/TikTok" title="TikTok">TikTok</a> (rebrand of <a href="/wiki/Musical.ly" title="Musical.ly">Musical.ly</a> since 2018)<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.theverge.com/2018/8/2/17644260/musically-rebrand-tiktok-bytedance-douyin">[3]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Instagram" title="Instagram">Instagram</a> (2012) <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchcio/definition/Instagram#:~:text=The%20word%20Instagram%20is%20an,just%20two%20years%20after%20launch.">[4]</a>, <a href="/wiki/TikTok" title="TikTok">TikTok</a> hosts short form content in a portrait format, these short videos are often meant to be humorous, while others focus mainly on music, viral videos commonly came from music related short videos and popular dances, <a href="/wiki/TikTok" title="TikTok">TikTok</a> was a large internet sensation <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/10/style/what-is-tik-tok.html">[5]</a> causing many viral videos to be made. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Qualification">Qualification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viral_video&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Qualification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E3%83%8B%E3%82%B3%E3%83%8B%E3%82%B3%E8%B6%85%E4%BC%9A%E8%AD%B0_-_13998311850.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/%E3%83%8B%E3%82%B3%E3%83%8B%E3%82%B3%E8%B6%85%E4%BC%9A%E8%AD%B0_-_13998311850.jpg/220px-%E3%83%8B%E3%82%B3%E3%83%8B%E3%82%B3%E8%B6%85%E4%BC%9A%E8%AD%B0_-_13998311850.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/%E3%83%8B%E3%82%B3%E3%83%8B%E3%82%B3%E8%B6%85%E4%BC%9A%E8%AD%B0_-_13998311850.jpg/330px-%E3%83%8B%E3%82%B3%E3%83%8B%E3%82%B3%E8%B6%85%E4%BC%9A%E8%AD%B0_-_13998311850.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/%E3%83%8B%E3%82%B3%E3%83%8B%E3%82%B3%E8%B6%85%E4%BC%9A%E8%AD%B0_-_13998311850.jpg/440px-%E3%83%8B%E3%82%B3%E3%83%8B%E3%82%B3%E8%B6%85%E4%BC%9A%E8%AD%B0_-_13998311850.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Viral videos from <a href="/wiki/Niconico" title="Niconico">Nico Nico Douga</a>, 2014</figcaption></figure> <p>There are several ways to gauge whether a video has "gone viral". The statistic perhaps most mentioned is number of views, and as sharing has become easier, the threshold requirement of sheer number of views has increased. YouTube personality <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Nalty" title="Kevin Nalty">Kevin Nalty</a> (known as Nalts) recalls on his blog: "A few years ago, a video could be considered 'viral' if it hit a million views", but says as of 2011, only "if it gets more than 5 million views in a 3–7-day period" can it be considered "viral".<sup id="cite_ref-Megan_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Megan-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nalts_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nalts-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To compare, 2004's <i><a href="/wiki/Numa_Numa_(video)" title="Numa Numa (video)">Numa Numa</a></i> received two million hits on Newgrounds in its first three months (a figure explained in a 2015 article as "a staggering number for the time").<sup id="cite_ref-here's_how_27-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-here's_how-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nalts also posits three other considerations: buzz, parody, and longevity,<sup id="cite_ref-Megan_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Megan-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which are more complex ways of judging a viral video's views. Buzz addresses the heart of the issue; the more a video is shared, the more discussion the video creates both online and offline. What he emphasizes is notable is that the more buzz a video gets, the more views it gets. A study on viral videos by <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Mellon_University" title="Carnegie Mellon University">Carnegie Mellon University</a> found that the popularity of the uploader affected whether a video would become viral,<sup id="cite_ref-CMU_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CMU-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and having the video shared by a popular source such as a celebrity or a news channel also increases buzz.<sup id="cite_ref-Megan_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Megan-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also part of the algorithm YouTube uses to predict popular videos.<sup id="cite_ref-trending_tab_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trending_tab-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Parodies, spoofs and spin-offs often indicate a popular video, with long-popular video view counts given with original video view counts as well as additional view counts given for the parodies. Longevity indicates if a video has remained part of the <a href="/wiki/Zeitgeist" title="Zeitgeist">Zeitgeist</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reasons_for_popularity">Reasons for popularity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viral_video&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Reasons for popularity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Due to their societal impact and marketability, viral videos attract attention in both advertising and academia, which try to account for the reason viral videos are spread and what will make a video go viral. Several theories exist. </p><p>A viral video's longevity often relies on a <a href="/wiki/Hook_(filmmaking)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hook (filmmaking)">hook</a> which draws the audience to watch it. The hook, often a memorable phrase or moment, is able to become a part of the viral video culture after being shown repeatedly. The hooks, or key signifiers, are not able to be predicted before the videos become viral.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The early view pattern of a viral video can be used to forecast its peak day in future.<sup id="cite_ref-jiangicmr2014_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jiangicmr2014-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Notable examples include "<a href="/wiki/All_your_base_are_belong_to_us" title="All your base are belong to us">All your base are belong to us</a>", based on the poorly translated video game <i>Zero Wing</i>, which was first distributed in 2000 as a <a href="/wiki/GIF" title="GIF">GIF</a> animation and became popular for the grammatically incorrect hook of its title, and Don Hertzfeldt's 2000 Academy Awards Best Animated Short Film nomination "Rejected" with the quotable hooks "I am a banana" and "My spoon is too big!"<sup id="cite_ref-10_videos_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10_videos-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another early video was the Flash animation "The End of the World", created by Jason Windsor and uploaded to Albino Blacksheep in 2003, with quotable hooks such as "but I'm le tired" and "WTF, mates?"<sup id="cite_ref-10_videos_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10_videos-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rosanna Guadagno, a social psychologist at the University of Texas at Dallas, found in a study that people preferred to share a funny video rather than one of a man treating his own spider bite, and overall they were more likely to share any video that evoked an intense emotional response.<sup id="cite_ref-why_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-why-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two professors at the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania also found that uplifting stories were more likely to be shared on the New York Times' web site than disheartening ones.<sup id="cite_ref-why_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-why-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Others postulate that sharing is driven by ego in order to build up an online persona for oneself. Chartbeat, a company that measures online traffic, compiled data comparing the amount of time spent reading an article and the number of times it was shared and found that people often post articles on Twitter they haven't even read.<sup id="cite_ref-why_43-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-why-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Categories_by_subject">Categories by subject</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viral_video&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Categories by subject"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_viral_videos" title="List of viral videos">List of viral videos</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Band_and_music_promotion">Band and music promotion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viral_video&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Band and music promotion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viral_video&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2015</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Many independent musicians, as well as large companies such as <a href="/wiki/Universal_Music_Group" title="Universal Music Group">Universal Music Group</a>, use YouTube to promote videos. Six of the 10 most viral YouTube videos of 2015 were rooted in music.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One such video, the "<a href="/wiki/Free_Hugs_Campaign" title="Free Hugs Campaign">Free Hugs Campaign</a>" with accompanying music by the <a href="/wiki/Sick_Puppies" title="Sick Puppies">Sick Puppies</a>, was one of the winners of the 2006 YouTube Awards.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the awards received criticism over the voting process and accused of bias.<sup id="cite_ref-Virginia_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Virginia-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the main character of the video, <a href="/wiki/Juan_Mann" class="mw-redirect" title="Juan Mann">Juan Mann</a>, received positive recognition after being interviewed on Australian news programs and appearing on <i><a href="/wiki/The_Oprah_Winfrey_Show" title="The Oprah Winfrey Show">The Oprah Winfrey Show</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viral_video&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viral_video&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2015</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Viral videos continue to increase in popularity as teaching and instructive aids. In March 2007, an elementary school teacher, Jason Smith, created <a href="/wiki/TeacherTube" title="TeacherTube">TeacherTube</a>, a website for sharing educational videos with other teachers. The site now features over 54,000 videos.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some college curricula are now using viral videos in the classroom as well. As of 2009,<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viral_video&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> Northwestern University offers a course called "YouTubing 101". The course invites students to produce their own viral videos, focusing on marketing techniques and advertising strategies.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Customer_complaints">Customer complaints</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viral_video&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Customer complaints"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"<a href="/wiki/United_Breaks_Guitars" title="United Breaks Guitars">United Breaks Guitars</a>", by the Canadian folk rock music group <a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Maxwell" title="Sons of Maxwell">Sons of Maxwell</a>, is an example of how viral videos can be used by consumers to pressure companies to settle complaints.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another example is Brian Finkelstein's video complaint to Comcast, 2006. Finkelstein recorded a video of a Comcast technician sleeping on his couch. The technician had come to repair Brian's modem but had to call Comcast's central office and fell asleep after being placed on hold waiting for Comcast.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cyberbullying">Cyberbullying</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viral_video&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Cyberbullying"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Canadian high school student known as <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_Kid" title="Star Wars Kid">Star Wars Kid</a> was subjected to significant harassment and ostracizing after the viral success of his video (first uploaded to the Internet on the evening of 14 April 2003).<sup id="cite_ref-GlobeMail_070406_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GlobeMail_070406-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His family accepted a financial settlement after suing the individuals responsible for posting the video online.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2010, an 11-year-old child with the pseudonym "<a href="/wiki/Jessi_Slaughter" class="mw-redirect" title="Jessi Slaughter">Jessi Slaughter</a>" was subjected to a campaign of harassment and <a href="/wiki/Cyberbullying" title="Cyberbullying">cyberbullying</a> following the viral nature of videos they had uploaded to <a href="/wiki/Stickam" title="Stickam">Stickam</a> and YouTube. As a result of the case, the potential for cyberbullying as a result of viral videos was widely discussed in the media.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Police_misconduct">Police misconduct</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viral_video&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Police misconduct"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Video_evidence" class="mw-redirect" title="Video evidence">Video evidence</a></div> <p>The <i>Chicago Tribune</i> reported that in 2015, nearly 1,000 civilians in the United States were shot and killed by police officers—whether the officers responsible were justified is now often publicly called into question in the age of viral videos.<sup id="cite_ref-one_thousand_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-one_thousand-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As more people are uploading videos of their encounters with police, more departments are encouraging their officers to wear <a href="/wiki/Body_worn_video" class="mw-redirect" title="Body worn video">body cameras</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The procedure for releasing such video is currently evolving and could potentially incriminate more suspects than officers, although current waiting times of several months to release such videos appear to be attempted cover-ups of police mistakes.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 2015, then-FBI Director <a href="/wiki/James_Comey" title="James Comey">James Comey</a> remarked in a speech at the University of Chicago Law School that the increased attention on police in light of recent viral videos showing police involved in fatal shootings has made officers less aggressive and emboldened criminals. Comey has acknowledged that there are no data to back up his assertion; according to him, viral videos are one of many possible factors such as cheaper drugs and more criminals being released from prison. Other top officials at the Justice Department have stated that they do not believe increased scrutiny of officers has increased crime.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Two videos went viral in October 2015 of a white school police officer assaulting an African-American student. The videos, apparently taken with cell phones by other students in the classroom, were picked up by local news outlets and then further spread by social media.<sup id="cite_ref-SC_officer_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SC_officer-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dash cam videos of the Chicago police <a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Laquan_McDonald" title="Murder of Laquan McDonald">murder of Laquan McDonald</a> were released after 14 months of being kept sealed, which went viral and sparked further questions about police actions. Chicago's mayor, <a href="/wiki/Rahm_Emanuel" title="Rahm Emanuel">Rahm Emanuel</a>, fired Police Superintendent <a href="/wiki/Garry_McCarthy" title="Garry McCarthy">Garry McCarthy</a> and there have also been demands for Emanuel to resign.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A similar case, in which Chicago police attempted to suppress a dash cam video of the shooting of Ronald Johnson by an officer, is currently part of an ongoing federal lawsuit against the city.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_implications">Political implications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viral_video&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Political implications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="2008 United States presidential election">2008 United States presidential election</a> showcased the impact of political viral videos. For the first time, YouTube hosted the <a href="/wiki/CNN-YouTube_presidential_debates" class="mw-redirect" title="CNN-YouTube presidential debates">CNN-YouTube presidential debates</a>, calling on YouTube users to pose questions. In this debate, the opinions of viral video creators and users were taken seriously. There were several memorable viral videos that appeared during the campaign. In June 2007, "<a href="/wiki/I_Got_a_Crush..._on_Obama" class="mw-redirect" title="I Got a Crush... on Obama">I Got a Crush... on Obama</a>", a music video featuring a girl claiming to have a crush on presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>, appeared. Unlike previously popular political videos, it did not feature any celebrities and was purely <a href="/wiki/User-generated_content" title="User-generated content">user-generated</a>. The video garnered many viewers and gained attention in the mainstream media.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>YouTube became a powerful source of campaigning for the 2008 Presidential Election. Every major party candidate had their own YouTube channel in order to communicate with the voters, with John McCain posting over 300 videos and Barack Obama posting over 1,800 videos. The music video "Yes We Can" by will.i.am demonstrates user-generated publicity for the 2008 Presidential Campaign. The video depicts many celebrities as well as black and white clips of Barack Obama. This music video inspired many parodies and won an Emmy for Best New Approaches in Daytime Entertainment.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The proliferation of viral videos in the 2008 campaign highlights the fact that people increasingly turn to the internet to receive their news. In a study for the <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a> in 2008, approximately 2% of the participants said that they received their news from non-traditional sources such as MySpace or YouTube.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The campaign was widely seen as an example of the growing influence of the internet on United States politics, a point further evidenced by the founding of viral video producers like <a href="/wiki/Brave_New_Films" title="Brave New Films">Brave New Films</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="2012 United States presidential election">2012 United States presidential election</a>, "Obama Style" and "<a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney" title="Mitt Romney">Mitt Romney</a> Style", the parodies of <a href="/wiki/Gangnam_Style" title="Gangnam Style">Gangnam Style</a>, both peaked on Election Day and received approximately 30 million views within one month before <a href="/wiki/Election_Day_(United_States)" title="Election Day (United States)">Election Day</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-jiangicmr2014_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jiangicmr2014-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Mitt Romney Style", which negatively portrays Mitt as an affluent, extravagant, and arrogant businessman, received an order of magnitude views more than "Obama Style".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Financial_implications">Financial implications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viral_video&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Financial implications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Web_traffic" title="Web traffic">web traffic</a> gained by viral videos allows for advertising revenue. The YouTube website is monetized by selling and showing advertising. According to the <i>New York Times</i>, YouTube uses an algorithm called "reference rank" to evaluate the viral potential of videos posted to the site. Using evidence from as few as 10,000 views, it can assess the probability that the video will go viral. Before YouTube implemented wide-scale revenue sharing, if it deemed the video a viable candidate for advertising, it contacted the original poster by e-mail and offered a profit-sharing contract. By this means, such videos as "<a href="/wiki/David_After_Dentist" title="David After Dentist">David After Dentist</a>" have earned more than $100,000 for their owners.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTMiller_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTMiller-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One successful YouTube video creator, Andrew Grantham, whose "Ultimate Dog Tease" had been viewed more than 170,000,000 times (as of June 2015), entered an agreement with Paramount Pictures in February 2012 for the development of a feature film. The film was to be written by Alec Berg and David Mandel.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pop stars such as <a href="/wiki/Justin_Bieber" title="Justin Bieber">Justin Bieber</a> and <a href="/wiki/Esm%C3%A9e_Denters" title="Esmée Denters">Esmée Denters</a> also started their careers via YouTube videos which ultimately went viral. By 2014, pop stars such as <a href="/wiki/Miley_Cyrus" title="Miley Cyrus">Miley Cyrus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eminem" title="Eminem">Eminem</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Katy_Perry" title="Katy Perry">Katy Perry</a> were regularly obtaining web traffic in the order of 120 to 150 million hits a month, numbers far in excess of what many viral videos receive. </p><p>Companies also use viral videos as a type of marketing strategy. The Dove Campaign for Real Beauty is considered to have been one of the first viral marketing strategies to hit the world when Dove released their <i>Evolution</i> video in 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their online campaign continued to generate viral videos when <i><a href="/wiki/Dove_Real_Beauty_Sketches" title="Dove Real Beauty Sketches">Real Beauty Sketches</a></i> was released in 2013 and spread all throughout social media, especially Facebook and Twitter. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_sites">Notable sites</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viral_video&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Notable sites"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albino_Blacksheep" title="Albino Blacksheep">Albino Blacksheep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Break.com" title="Break.com">Break.com</a> (defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BuzzFeed" title="BuzzFeed">BuzzFeed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EBaum%27s_World" title="EBaum's World">eBaum's World</a> (defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fail_Blog" title="Fail Blog">Fail Blog</a> (defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Video" title="Google Video">Google Video</a> (defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instagram" title="Instagram">Instagram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JibJab" title="JibJab">JibJab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LiveLeak" title="LiveLeak">LiveLeak</a> (defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metacafe" title="Metacafe">Metacafe</a> (defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newgrounds" title="Newgrounds">Newgrounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nico_Nico_Douga" class="mw-redirect" title="Nico Nico Douga">Nico Nico Douga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TikTok" title="TikTok">TikTok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upworthy" title="Upworthy">Upworthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vine_(service)" title="Vine (service)">Vine</a> (defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veoh.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Veoh.com">Veoh.com</a> (defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jungle_Creations" title="Jungle Creations">VT</a> (Viral Thread) (defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WorldStar_HipHop" class="mw-redirect" title="WorldStar HipHop">WorldStar HipHop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YTMND" title="YTMND">YTMND</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viral_video&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/28px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/42px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/56px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="407" data-file-height="407" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Internet" title="Portal:Internet">Internet portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_meme" title="Internet meme">Internet meme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Internet_phenomena" title="List of Internet phenomena">List of Internet phenomena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_viral_videos" title="List of viral videos">List of viral videos</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_viral_music_videos" title="List of viral music videos">List of viral music videos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positive_feedback" title="Positive feedback">Positive feedback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seeding_agency" title="Seeding agency">Seeding agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shock_site" title="Shock site">Shock site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streisand_effect" title="Streisand effect">Streisand effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viral_marketing" title="Viral marketing">Viral marketing</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viral_video&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-WaybackGangnam-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WaybackGangnam_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WaybackGangnam_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Raw data accessed 2 September 2018 from <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> archives of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9bZkp7q19f0">YouTube video page</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170726081554/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9bZkp7q19f0">Archived</a> 26 July 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> stored by <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120101000000*/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9bZkp7q19f0">archive.org</a> (click on year 2012 or 2013).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lifewire&rft.atitle=What+Does+Going+Viral+Online+Really+Mean%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lifewire.com%2Fwhat-does-it-mean-to-go-viral-3486225&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViral+video" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://languages.oup.com/">"Oxford Languages | The Home of Language Data"</a>. <i>languages.oup.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210818030846/https://languages.oup.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=languages.oup.com&rft.atitle=Oxford+Languages+%7C+The+Home+of+Language+Data&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flanguages.oup.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViral+video" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130131033628/http://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia_term/0,1237,t=viral+video&i=58238,00.asp">Definition of 'viral video'</a>". PC Mag Encyclopedia. Retrieved 21 December 2012. Updated link: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia/term/viral-video">https://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia/term/viral-video</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231014130839/https://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia/term/viral-video">Archived</a> 14 October 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jiangicmr2014-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jiangicmr2014_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jiangicmr2014_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jiangicmr2014_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lu Jiang, Yajie Miao, Yi Yang, ZhenZhong Lan, Alexander Hauptmann. Viral Video Style: A Closer Look at Viral Videos on YouTube. Retrieved 30 March 2016. Paper: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~lujiang/camera_ready_papers/ICMR2014-Viral.pdf">https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~lujiang/camera_ready_papers/ICMR2014-Viral.pdf</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221026092606/https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~lujiang/camera_ready_papers/ICMR2014-Viral.pdf">Archived</a> 26 October 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Slides: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~lujiang/resources/ViralVideos.pdf">https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~lujiang/resources/ViralVideos.pdf</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221026092526/https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~lujiang/resources/ViralVideos.pdf">Archived</a> 26 October 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJenkins2013" class="citation book cs1">Jenkins, Henry (2013). <i>Spreadable Media: Creating Value and Meaning in a Networked Culture</i>. 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"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/then-now-special-numa-numa-guy-fronting-band-still-single">'Numa Numa Guy' Fronting Band, Still Single</a> ". FOX411.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tapper, Jake (13 June 2007). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/story?id=3275802&page=1">Music Video Has a 'Crush on Obama'</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211016090602/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/story?id=3275802&page=1">Archived</a> 16 October 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". ABC News. Retrieved 27 December 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">BBC News states "Almost 9.5m people have already watched the video, dubbed the Battle at Kruger, which was filmed by US tourist Dave Budzinski while he was on a guided safari." Published 9 Aug 2007. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Kony+2012+screening+in+Uganda+met+with+anger%2C+rocks+thrown+at+screen&rft.date=2012-04-04&rft.aulast=Flock&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fblogs%2Fblogpost%2Fpost%2Fkony-2012-screening-in-uganda-met-with-anger-rocks-thrown-at-screen%2F2012%2F03%2F15%2FgIQADD98DS_blog.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViral+video" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">* <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/reality-check-with-polly-curtis/2012/mar/08/kony-2012-what-s-the-story">"Kony 2012: What's the story"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 8 March 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160803112529/http://www.theguardian.com/politics/reality-check-with-polly-curtis/2012/mar/08/kony-2012-what-s-the-story">Archived</a> from the original on 3 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2016</span>. <q>over 50 million views</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Kony+2010+Stats+breakdown+of+the+viral+video&rft.date=2012-03-09&rft.aulast=Quilty-Harper&rft.aufirst=Conrad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Fjoseph-kony%2F9134431%2FKony-2012-Stats-breakdown-of-the-viral-video.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViral+video" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mashable.com/2012/03/12/kony-most-viral/">"Kony most viral"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=City+wavering+on+keeping+video+secret+in+another+fatal+Chicago+police+shooting&rft.date=2015-12-02&rft.aulast=Meisner&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft.au=Walberg%2C+Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fbreaking%2Fct-ronald-johnson-chicago-police-shooting-met-20151201-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViral+video" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeelye2007" class="citation news cs1">Seelye, Katharine (15 June 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/15/us/politics/15obama.html?_r=1&ex=1190260800&en=3b68401305c074fe&ei=5070">"A Hit Shows Big Interest in Racy Material – and Obama"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(Web)</span>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110512055226/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/15/us/politics/15obama.html?_r=1&ex=1190260800&en=3b68401305c074fe&ei=5070">Archived</a> from the original on 12 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+Hit+Shows+Big+Interest+in+Racy+Material+%E2%80%93+and+Obama&rft.date=2007-06-15&rft.aulast=Seelye&rft.aufirst=Katharine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F06%2F15%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2F15obama.html%3F_r%3D1%26ex%3D1190260800%26en%3D3b68401305c074fe%26ei%3D5070&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViral+video" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wallsten, Kevin (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19331681003749030">"Yes We Can": How Online Viewership, Blog Discussion, Campaign Statements, and Mainstream Media Coverage Produced a Viral Video Phenomenon</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231128033310/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19331681003749030">Archived</a> 28 November 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Information_Technology_and_Politics" class="mw-redirect" title="Journal of Information Technology and Politics">Journal of Information Technology and Politics</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKohut2008" class="citation news cs1">Kohut, Andrew (11 January 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091204100512/http://pewresearch.org/pubs/689/the-internets-broader-role-in-campaign-2008">"The Internet's Broader Role in Campaign 2008"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Internet%27s+Broader+Role+in+Campaign+2008&rft.date=2008-01-11&rft.aulast=Kohut&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpewresearch.org%2Fpubs%2F689%2Fthe-internets-broader-role-in-campaign-2008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViral+video" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nyt_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRutenberg2008" class="citation web cs1">Rutenberg, Jim (29 June 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/29/us/politics/29opposition.html?_r=2&hp&oref=slogint&oref=slogin">"Political Freelancers Use Web to Join the Attack"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231021172353/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/29/us/politics/29opposition.html?_r=2&hp&oref=slogint&oref=slogin">Archived</a> from the original on 21 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 October</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Political+Freelancers+Use+Web+to+Join+the+Attack&rft.date=2008-06-29&rft.aulast=Rutenberg&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F06%2F29%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2F29opposition.html%3F_r%3D2%26hp%26oref%3Dslogint%26oref%3Dslogin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViral+video" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTMiller-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYTMiller_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCain_Miller2011" class="citation news cs1">Cain Miller, Claire (26 October 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/27/technology/personaltech/cashing-in-on-your-hit-youtube-video.html?ref=technology">"Cashing in on Your Hit YouTube Video"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120103082942/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/27/technology/personaltech/cashing-in-on-your-hit-youtube-video.html?ref=technology">Archived</a> from the original on 3 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Cashing+in+on+Your+Hit+YouTube+Video&rft.date=2011-10-26&rft.aulast=Cain+Miller&rft.aufirst=Claire&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F10%2F27%2Ftechnology%2Fpersonaltech%2Fcashing-in-on-your-hit-youtube-video.html%3Fref%3Dtechnology&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViral+video" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McNary, Dave (13 February 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/2012/film/news/paramount-inks-scribe-duo-for-canine-romp-1118050149/">"Paramount inks scribe duo for canine romp: Project based on YouTube 'Dog Tease'</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.es.viralizeed.com/">video"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160818234225/http://www.es.viralizeed.com/">Archived</a> 18 August 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Variety</i>. Retrieved 21 November 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBahadur2014" class="citation news cs1">Bahadur, Nina (21 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/01/21/dove-real-beauty-campaign-turns-10_n_4575940.html">"How Dove Tried To Change The Conversation About Female Beauty"</a>. <i>HuffPost</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181018055952/https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/01/21/dove-real-beauty-campaign-turns-10_n_4575940.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=HuffPost&rft.atitle=How+Dove+Tried+To+Change+The+Conversation+About+Female+Beauty&rft.date=2014-01-21&rft.aulast=Bahadur&rft.aufirst=Nina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2F2014%2F01%2F21%2Fdove-real-beauty-campaign-turns-10_n_4575940.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViral+video" class="Z3988"></span> <ul><li>See also: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hibyAJOSW8U"><span class="plainlinks">Evolution</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></li></ul> </span></li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viral_video&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Viral_videos" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Viral videos">Viral videos</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sites.google.com/site/cmuviralvideos/">CMU Viral Videos</a> A public data set for viral video study.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/series/viralvideochart">Viral Video Chart</a> Guardian News, UK.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.life.com/gallery/61831/photos-gone-viral#index/0">Photos Gone Viral!</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110625125133/http://www.life.com/gallery/61831/photos-gone-viral#index/0">Archived</a> 25 June 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> — slideshow by <i><a href="/wiki/Life_magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Life magazine">Life magazine</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/rewind">YouTube 'Rewind'</a> – <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube's</a> page covering their top-viewed videos by year and brief information on their spread.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://video.pbs.org/video/2261116168">The Worlds of Viral Video</a> Documentary produced by <a href="/wiki/Off_Book_(web_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Off Book (web series)">Off Book (web series)</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:YouTube_navbox" title="Template:YouTube navbox"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:YouTube_navbox" title="Template talk:YouTube navbox"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:YouTube_navbox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:YouTube navbox"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="YouTube320" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a> (parent)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_YouTube" title="History of YouTube">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_YouTube" title="Social impact of YouTube">Social impact</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neal_Mohan" title="Neal Mohan">Neal Mohan</a> (CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyor_Cohen" title="Lyor Cohen">Lyor Cohen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Chen" title="Steve Chen">Steve Chen</a> (founder)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad_Hurley" title="Chad Hurley">Chad Hurley</a> (founder & CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salar_Kamangar" title="Salar Kamangar">Salar Kamangar</a> (CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Wojcicki" title="Susan Wojcicki">Susan Wojcicki</a> (CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawed_Karim" title="Jawed Karim">Jawed Karim</a> (founder)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susanne_Daniels" title="Susanne Daniels">Susanne Daniels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Kyncl" title="Robert Kyncl">Robert Kyncl</a> (CBO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udi_Manber" title="Udi Manber">Udi Manber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yu_Pan" title="Yu Pan">Yu Pan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Channels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-subscribed_YouTube_channels" title="List of most-subscribed YouTube channels">Most-subscribed channels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-viewed_YouTube_channels" title="List of most-viewed YouTube channels">Most-viewed channels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-channel_network" title="Multi-channel network">Multi-channel network</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_multi-channel_networks" title="List of multi-channel networks">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_(channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube (channel)">Official channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Original_Channel_Initiative" title="YouTube Original Channel Initiative">Original channels</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture and<br />videos</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apology_video" title="Apology video">Apology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beauty_YouTuber" title="Beauty YouTuber">Beauty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BookTube" title="BookTube">BookTube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BreadTube" title="BreadTube">BreadTube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Creator_Awards" title="YouTube Creator Awards">Creator Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draw_My_Life" title="Draw My Life">Draw My Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Let%27s_Play" title="Let's Play">Let's Play</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Me_at_the_zoo" title="Me at the zoo">Me at the zoo</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PewDiePie_vs_T-Series" title="PewDiePie vs T-Series">PewDiePie vs T-Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reply_girl" title="Reply girl">Reply girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/StudyTube" title="StudyTube">StudyTube</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Viral video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_poop" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube poop">YouTube poop</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Rewind" title="YouTube Rewind">YouTube Rewind</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Rewind_2018:_Everyone_Controls_Rewind" title="YouTube Rewind 2018: Everyone Controls Rewind">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Rewind_2019:_For_the_Record" title="YouTube Rewind 2019: For the Record">2019</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTuber" title="YouTuber">YouTuber</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_YouTubers" title="List of YouTubers">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VTuber" title="VTuber">VTuber</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-viewed_YouTube_videos" title="List of most-viewed YouTube videos">Most-viewed videos</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-viewed_Arabic_music_videos_on_YouTube" title="List of most-viewed Arabic music videos on YouTube">Arabic music videos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-viewed_Chinese_music_videos_on_YouTube" title="List of most-viewed Chinese music videos on YouTube">Chinese music videos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-viewed_French_music_videos_on_YouTube" title="List of most-viewed French music videos on YouTube">French music videos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-viewed_Indian_YouTube_videos" title="List of most-viewed Indian YouTube videos">Indian videos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-viewed_Pakistani_YouTube_videos" title="List of most-viewed Pakistani YouTube videos">Pakistani videos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-liked_YouTube_videos" title="List of most-liked YouTube videos">Most-liked videos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-disliked_YouTube_videos" title="List of most-disliked YouTube videos">Most-disliked videos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_YouTube" class="mw-redirect" title="Criticism of YouTube">Criticism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_by_YouTube" class="mw-redirect" title="Censorship by YouTube">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_copyright_issues" title="YouTube copyright issues">Copyright issues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Content_ID" title="Content ID">Content ID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_copyright_strike" title="YouTube copyright strike">Copyright strike</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Viacom_International_Inc._v._YouTube,_Inc." title="Viacom International Inc. v. YouTube, Inc.">Viacom International Inc. v. YouTube, Inc.</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_moderation" title="YouTube moderation">Moderation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_suspensions" title="YouTube suspensions">Channel suspensions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elsagate" title="Elsagate">Elsagate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastic_Adventures_scandal" title="Fantastic Adventures scandal">Fantastic Adventures scandal</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Garcia_v._Google,_Inc." title="Garcia v. Google, Inc.">Garcia v. Google, Inc.</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Kohistan_video_case" title="2012 Kohistan video case">Kohistan video case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Korean_YouTube_backdoor_advertising_controversy" title="2020 Korean YouTube backdoor advertising controversy">Korean backdoor advertisement controversy</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lenz_v._Universal_Music_Corp." title="Lenz v. Universal Music Corp.">Lenz v. Universal Music Corp.</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_and_privacy" title="YouTube and privacy">Privacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_Innocence_of_Muslims" title="Reactions to Innocence of Muslims">Reactions to <i>Innocence of Muslims</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Slovenian_YouTube_incident" title="2011 Slovenian YouTube incident">Slovenian government incident</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Apps and services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_BrandConnect" title="YouTube BrandConnect">BrandConnect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Kids" title="YouTube Kids">Kids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Music" title="YouTube Music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Premium" title="YouTube Premium">Premium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_YouTube_Premium_original_programming" title="List of YouTube Premium original programming">original programming</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Shorts" title="YouTube Shorts">Shorts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Studio" title="YouTube Studio">Studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_TV" title="YouTube TV">TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_VR" title="YouTube VR">VR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Awards" title="YouTube Awards">Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNN/YouTube_presidential_debates" title="CNN/YouTube presidential debates">CNN/YouTube presidential debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Comedy_Week" title="YouTube Comedy Week">Comedy Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creator_Clash" title="Creator Clash">Creator Clash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSI_vs_Logan_Paul" title="KSI vs Logan Paul">KSI vs Logan Paul</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KSI_vs._Logan_Paul_II" title="KSI vs. Logan Paul II">rematch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Live" title="YouTube Live">Live</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Music_Awards" title="YouTube Music Awards">Music Awards</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2013_YouTube_Music_Awards" title="2013 YouTube Music Awards">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_YouTube_Music_Awards" title="2015 YouTube Music Awards">2015</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Sauce" title="Open Sauce">Open Sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playlist_Live" title="Playlist Live">Playlist Live</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_for_Awesome" title="Project for Awesome">Project for Awesome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_in_the_City" title="Social in the City">Social in the City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streamy_Awards" title="Streamy Awards">Streamy Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Space_Lab" title="YouTube Space Lab">Space Lab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Symphony_Orchestra" title="YouTube Symphony Orchestra">Symphony Orchestra</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Internet_Symphony_No._1" title="Internet Symphony No. 1">Internet Symphony No. 1</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mothership_(composition)" title="Mothership (composition)"><i>Mothership</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tubecon" title="Tubecon">Tubecon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VidCon" title="VidCon">VidCon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_of_YouTube" title="Censorship of YouTube">Censorship of YouTube</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blocking_of_YouTube_videos_in_Germany" title="Blocking of YouTube videos in Germany">Germany</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Select" title="YouTube Select">YouTube Select</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_headquarters_shooting" title="YouTube headquarters shooting">Headquarters shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_in_education" title="YouTube in education">In education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vevo" title="Vevo">Vevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_YouTube_downloaders" title="Comparison of YouTube downloaders">YouTube downloaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Instant" title="YouTube Instant">YouTube Instant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Space" title="YouTube Space">YouTube Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Theater" title="YouTube Theater">YouTube Theater</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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