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vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shift_out&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Shift out">Shift out</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">ASCII control characters</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shift_In_and_Shift_out_on_Linux.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Shift_In_and_Shift_out_on_Linux.png/320px-Shift_In_and_Shift_out_on_Linux.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Shift_In_and_Shift_out_on_Linux.png/480px-Shift_In_and_Shift_out_on_Linux.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Shift_In_and_Shift_out_on_Linux.png/640px-Shift_In_and_Shift_out_on_Linux.png 2x" data-file-width="672" data-file-height="318" /></a><figcaption>Shift In and Shift Out used in a Linux terminal to access a variant <a href="/wiki/DEC_Special_Graphics" title="DEC Special Graphics">DEC Special Graphics</a> set</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Shift Out</b> (SO) and <b>Shift In</b> (SI) are <a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a> <a href="/wiki/Control_character" title="Control character">control characters</a> 14 and 15, respectively (0x0E and 0x0F).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These are sometimes also called "Control-N" and "Control-O". </p><p>The original purpose of these characters was to provide a way to shift a coloured ribbon, split longitudinally usually with red and black, up and down to the other colour in an <a href="/wiki/Electro-mechanical" class="mw-redirect" title="Electro-mechanical">electro-mechanical</a> <a href="/wiki/Typewriter" title="Typewriter">typewriter</a> or <a href="/wiki/Teleprinter" title="Teleprinter">teleprinter</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/Teletype_Corporation" title="Teletype Corporation">Teletype</a> Model 38, to automate the same function of manual typewriters. Black was the conventional ambient default colour and so was shifted "in" or "out" with the other colour on the ribbon. </p><p>Later advancements in technology instigated use of this function for switching to a different <a href="/wiki/Font" title="Font">font</a> or <a href="/wiki/Character_set" class="mw-redirect" title="Character set">character set</a> and back. This was used, for instance, in the <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a> character set known as <a href="/wiki/KOI7" class="mw-redirect" title="KOI7">KOI7-switched</a>, where SO starts printing <a href="/wiki/Russian_alphabet" title="Russian alphabet">Russian letters</a>, and SI starts printing <a href="/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin letters</a> again. Similarly, they are used for switching between <a href="/wiki/Katakana" title="Katakana">Katakana</a> and Roman letters in the 7-bit version of the Japanese <a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0201" title="JIS X 0201">JIS X 0201</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>SO/SI control characters also are used to display <a href="/wiki/VT100" title="VT100">VT100</a> <a href="/wiki/Box-drawing_characters" title="Box-drawing characters">pseudographics</a>. Shift In is also used in the 2G variant<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of <a href="/wiki/SoftBank_Mobile" class="mw-redirect" title="SoftBank Mobile">SoftBank Mobile</a>'s encoding for <a href="/wiki/Emoji" title="Emoji">emoji</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_2022" title="ISO/IEC 2022">ISO/IEC 2022</a> standard (<a href="/wiki/Ecma_International" title="Ecma International">ECMA</a>-35, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Industrial_Standards" title="Japanese Industrial Standards">JIS</a> X 0202) standardises the generalized usage of SO and SI for switching between pre-designated character sets invoked over the 0x20–0x7F byte range. It refers to them respectively as <b>Locking Shift One</b> (LS1) and <b>Locking Shift Zero</b> (LS0) in an 8-bit environment, or as SO and SI in a 7-bit environment.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In ISO-2022-compliant code sets where the 0x0E and 0x0F characters are used for the purpose of emphasis (such as an italic or red font) rather than a change of character set, they are referred to respectively as <b>Upper Rail</b> (UR) and <b>Lower Rail</b> (LR), rather than SO and SI.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shift_Out_and_Shift_In_characters&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C0_and_C1_control_codes" title="C0 and C1 control codes">C0 and C1 control codes</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shift_Out_and_Shift_In_characters&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) 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href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man7/ascii.7.html">"The Linux Programmer's Manual"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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ITSCJ/<a href="/wiki/Information_Processing_Society_of_Japan" title="Information Processing Society of Japan">IPSJ</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISO-IR" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO-IR">ISO-IR</a>-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Japanese+Roman+graphic+set+of+characters&rft.pub=ITSCJ%2FIPSJ&rft.date=1975-12-01&rft.au=Japanese+Industrial+Standards+Committee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fitscj.ipsj.or.jp%2Fir%2F014.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShift+Out+and+Shift+In+characters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKawasaki2010" class="citation cs1">Kawasaki, Yusuke (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/kawanet/Encode-JP-Emoji"><i>Emoji encodings and cross-mapping tables in pure Perl</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Emoji+encodings+and+cross-mapping+tables+in+pure+Perl&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Kawasaki&rft.aufirst=Yusuke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fkawanet%2FEncode-JP-Emoji&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShift+Out+and+Shift+In+characters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFECMA1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ecma_International" title="Ecma International">ECMA</a> (1994). 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ECMA-35.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=7.3%3A+Invocation+of+character-set+code+elements&rft.btitle=Character+Code+Structure+and+Extension+Techniques&rft.pages=14&rft.edition=6th&rft.date=1994&rft.au=ECMA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecma-international.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2FECMA-35_6th_edition_december_1994.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShift+Out+and+Shift+In+characters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFISO-IR-71975" class="citation cs1">Sveriges Standardiseringskommission (1975-12-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://itscj.ipsj.or.jp/ir/007.pdf"><i>NATS Control set for newspaper text transmission</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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