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class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle In religion subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-In_religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Christianity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christianity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Christianity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christianity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Catholicism_and_Eastern_Christianity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catholicism_and_Eastern_Christianity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Catholicism and Eastern Christianity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catholicism_and_Eastern_Christianity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judaism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judaism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Judaism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judaism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Buddhism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buddhism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Buddhism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buddhism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Islam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Dogma</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 78 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-78" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">78 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogma" title="Dogma – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Dogma" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogma" title="Dogma – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Dogma" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B2%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="جزمية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جزمية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogma" title="Dogma – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Dogma" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doqma" title="Doqma – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Doqma" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6" title="মতান্ধতাবাদ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মতান্ধতাবাদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Догма – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Догма" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Догмо – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Догмо" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogma" title="Dogma – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dogma" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Догмат – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Догмат" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogma" title="Dogma – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dogma" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogma" title="Dogma – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Dogma" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogme" title="Dogme – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Dogme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogma" title="Dogma – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Dogma" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogma" title="Dogma – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Dogma" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CF%8C%CE%B3%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Δόγμα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δόγμα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogma" title="Dogma – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Dogma" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogmo" title="Dogmo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Dogmo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogma" title="Dogma – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Dogma" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B2%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B4%DB%8C" title="جزم‌اندیشی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جزم‌اندیشی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogme" title="Dogme – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Dogme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogma" title="Dogma – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Dogma" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogma" title="Dogma – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Dogma" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%90%EC%A1%B0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="교조주의 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="교조주의" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%B8%D5%A3%D5%B4%D5%A1" title="Դոգմա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դոգմա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE" title="हठधर्म – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हठधर्म" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogma" title="Dogma – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Dogma" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogmato" title="Dogmato – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Dogmato" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogma" title="Dogma – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Dogma" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogma" title="Dogma – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Dogma" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogma" title="Dogma – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Dogma" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%95%D7%92%D7%9E%D7%94" title="דוגמה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דוגמה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="დოგმატი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დოგმატი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Догма – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Догма" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogma" title="Dogma – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Dogma" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogma" title="Dogma – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Dogma" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Догма – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Догма" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogma" title="Dogma – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Dogma" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogma" title="Dogma – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Dogma" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogma_(Beschloss)" title="Dogma (Beschloss) – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Dogma (Beschloss)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogma" title="Dogma – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Dogma" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogma" title="Dogma – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Dogma" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogma_(fogalom)" title="Dogma (fogalom) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Dogma (fogalom)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenim-pinoana" title="Tenim-pinoana – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tenim-pinoana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7" title="دوجما – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="دوجما" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogma" title="Dogma – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Dogma" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogma_(algemeen)" title="Dogma (algemeen) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Dogma (algemeen)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9" title="教義 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="教義" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogme" title="Dogme – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Dogme" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogme" title="Dogme – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Dogme" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogma" title="Dogma – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Dogma" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DA%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%90%D8%B2%D9%85" title="دگماتېزم – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="دگماتېزم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B2gma" title="Dògma – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Dògma" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogmat" title="Dogmat – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dogmat" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogma" title="Dogma – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Dogma" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogm%C4%83" title="Dogmă – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Dogmă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Догма – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Догма" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Догмат – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Догмат" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogmatizmi" title="Dogmatizmi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Dogmatizmi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%B0%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%84%E0%B6%BA" title="ආධානග්‍රාහය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ආධානග්‍රාහය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogma" title="Dogma – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Dogma" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%8A%D8%A7%DA%AF%D9%85%D8%A7" title="ڊاگما – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڊاگما" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogma" title="Dogma – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Dogma" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verska_resnica" title="Verska resnica – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Verska resnica" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%86%DA%AF%D9%85%D8%A7" title="دۆگما – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دۆگما" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Догма – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Догма" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogma" title="Dogma – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Dogma" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogma" title="Dogma – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Dogma" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogmi" title="Dogmi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Dogmi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogm" title="Dogm – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Dogm" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogmatizm" title="Dogmatizm – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Dogmatizm" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Догмат – Tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Догмат" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Догмат – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Догмат" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogma" title="Dogma – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Dogma" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gi%C3%A1o_%C4%91i%E1%BB%81u" title="Giáo điều – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Giáo điều" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogma" title="Dogma – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Dogma" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%95%99%E4%B9%89" title="宗教教义 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="宗教教义" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%99%E6%A2%9D" title="教條 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="教條" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Belief(s) accepted by members of a group without question</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about established beliefs, doctrines or sets of theological or philosophical tenets. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Dogma_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Dogma (disambiguation)">Dogma (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p><b>Dogma</b>, in its broadest sense, is any belief held definitively and without the possibility of reform. It may be in the form of an official system of <a href="/wiki/Principle" title="Principle">principles</a> or <a href="/wiki/Doctrine" title="Doctrine">doctrines</a> of a <a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">religion</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholicism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Philosophical_theory" title="Philosophical theory">positions</a> of a philosopher or <a href="/wiki/Philosophical_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosophical movement">philosophical school</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Stoicism" title="Stoicism">Stoicism</a>, and political belief systems such as <a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">fascism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">socialism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">progressivism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">liberalism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">conservatism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Pejorative" title="Pejorative">pejorative</a> sense, dogma refers to enforced decisions, such as those of aggressive political interests or authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More generally, it is applied to some strong belief that its adherents are not willing to discuss rationally. This attitude is named as a dogmatic one, or dogmatism, and is often used to refer to matters related to religion, though this pejorative sense strays far from the formal sense in which it is applied to religious belief. The pejorative sense is not limited to theistic attitudes alone and is often used with respect to political or philosophical dogmas. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dogma&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Doxa" title="Doxa">Doxa</a></div> <p>The word <i>dogma</i> was adopted in the 17th century from <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">dogma</i>, derived from the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%B4%CF%8C%CE%B3%CE%BC%CE%B1" class="extiw" title="wikt:δόγμα">δόγμα</a></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ancient_Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Ancient Greek">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Ancient Greek-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dogma" class="extiw" title="wikt:dogma">dogma</a></i></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'opinion, belief, judgement' from the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%B4%CE%BF%CE%BA%CE%B5%E1%BF%96" class="extiw" title="wikt:δοκεῖ">δοκεῖ</a></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ancient_Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Ancient Greek">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Ancient Greek-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">dokeî</i></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'it seems that...'. The plural is based on the <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dogmata" class="extiw" title="wikt:dogmata">dogmata</a></i>, though <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dogmas" class="extiw" title="wikt:dogmas">dogmas</a></i> may be more commonly used in English. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_philosophy">In philosophy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dogma&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: In philosophy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pyrrhonism">Pyrrhonism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dogma&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Pyrrhonism"><span>edit</span></a><span 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist" style="border-collapse:collapse;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Pyrrhonism" title="Category:Pyrrhonism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Pyrrhonism" title="Pyrrhonism">Pyrrhonism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Philosopher_marble_head_Roman_copy_AM_Corfu_Krfm22-removebg-preview.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Philosopher_marble_head_Roman_copy_AM_Corfu_Krfm22-removebg-preview.png/100px-Philosopher_marble_head_Roman_copy_AM_Corfu_Krfm22-removebg-preview.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Philosopher_marble_head_Roman_copy_AM_Corfu_Krfm22-removebg-preview.png/150px-Philosopher_marble_head_Roman_copy_AM_Corfu_Krfm22-removebg-preview.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Philosopher_marble_head_Roman_copy_AM_Corfu_Krfm22-removebg-preview.png/200px-Philosopher_marble_head_Roman_copy_AM_Corfu_Krfm22-removebg-preview.png 2x" data-file-width="438" data-file-height="569" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Pyrrhonists</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pyrrho" title="Pyrrho">Pyrrho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timon_of_Phlius" title="Timon of Phlius">Timon of Phlius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aenesidemus" title="Aenesidemus">Aenesidemus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agrippa_the_Skeptic" title="Agrippa the Skeptic">Agrippa the Skeptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sextus_Empiricus" title="Sextus Empiricus">Sextus Empiricus</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ataraxia" title="Ataraxia">Ataraxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acatalepsy" title="Acatalepsy">Acatalepsy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adiaphora" title="Adiaphora">Adiaphora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aporia" title="Aporia">Aporia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dogma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epoch%C3%A9" title="Epoché">Epoché</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Similar philosophies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Empiric_school" title="Empiric school">Empiric school</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epilogism" title="Epilogism">Epilogism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academic_skepticism" title="Academic skepticism">Academic skepticism</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Modern influence</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnchhausen_trilemma" title="Münchhausen trilemma">Münchhausen trilemma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benson_Mates" title="Benson Mates">Benson Mates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Fogelin" title="Robert Fogelin">Robert Fogelin</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/10px-Socrates.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/15px-Socrates.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/21px-Socrates.png 2x" data-file-width="326" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Philosophy" title="Portal:Philosophy">Philosophy portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pyrrhonism_sidebar" title="Template:Pyrrhonism sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pyrrhonism_sidebar" title="Template talk:Pyrrhonism sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pyrrhonism_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pyrrhonism sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Pyrrhonism" title="Pyrrhonism">Pyrrhonism</a>, "dogma" refers to assent to a proposition about a non-evident matter.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main principle of Pyrrhonism is expressed by the word <i><a href="/wiki/Acatalepsia" class="mw-redirect" title="Acatalepsia">acatalepsia</a></i>, which connotes the ability to withhold assent from doctrines regarding the truth of <a href="/wiki/Noumenon" title="Noumenon">things in their own nature</a>; against every statement its contradiction may be advanced with equal justification. Consequently, Pyrrhonists withhold assent with regard to non-evident propositions, i.e., dogmas.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pyrrhonists argue that dogmatists, such as the <a href="/wiki/Stoicism" title="Stoicism">Stoics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Epicureanism" title="Epicureanism">Epicureans</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Peripatetic_school" title="Peripatetic school">Peripatetics</a>, have failed to demonstrate that their doctrines regarding non-evident matters are true. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_religion">In religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dogma&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: In religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Christianity">Christianity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dogma&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Christianity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Christianity, a <i>dogma</i> is a belief communicated by divine revelation and defined by the Church,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlackburn2016139_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlackburn2016139-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The organization's formal religious positions may be taught to new members or simply communicated to those who choose to become members. It is rare for agreement with an organization's formal positions to be a requirement for attendance, though membership may be required for some church activities.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlackburn2016139_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlackburn2016139-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the narrower sense of the church's official interpretation of divine revelation,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanglin2009240_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanglin2009240-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> theologians distinguish between defined and non-defined dogmas, the former being those set out by authoritative bodies such as the Roman Curia for the Catholic Church, the latter being those which are universally held but have not been officially defined, the nature of Christ as universal redeemer being an example.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Collins1983162–163_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Collins1983162–163-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term originated in late Greek philosophy legal usage, in which it meant a decree or command, and came to be used in the same sense in early Christian theology.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcKim2001350_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcKim2001350-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestants</a> to differing degrees are less formal about doctrine, and often rely on denomination-specific beliefs, but seldom refer to these beliefs as dogmata. The first<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> unofficial institution of dogma in the Christian church was by <a href="/wiki/Irenaeus" title="Irenaeus">Saint Irenaeus</a> in his <i>Demonstration of Apostolic Teaching</i>, which provides a 'manual of essentials' constituting the 'body of truth'. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Catholicism_and_Eastern_Christianity">Catholicism and Eastern Christianity</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dogma&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Catholicism and Eastern Christianity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Dogma_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Dogma in the Catholic Church">Dogma in the Catholic Church</a></div> <p>For <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholicism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christianity" title="Eastern Christianity">Eastern Christianity</a>, the dogmata are contained in the <a href="/wiki/Nicene_Creed" title="Nicene Creed">Nicene Creed</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Canon_law" title="Canon law">canon laws</a> of two, three, seven, or twenty <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_council" title="Ecumenical council">ecumenical councils</a> (depending on whether one is <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_East" title="Church of the East">Church of the East</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodoxy">Oriental Orthodox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodox</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholic</a>). These tenets are summarized by <a href="/wiki/John_of_Damascus" title="John of Damascus">John of Damascus</a> in his <i>Exact Exposition of the Orthodox Faith</i>, which is the third book of his main work, titled <i>The Fount of Knowledge</i>. In this book he takes a dual approach in explaining each article of the faith: one, directed at Christians, where he uses quotes from the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> and, occasionally, from works of other <a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church Fathers</a>, and the second, directed both at members of non-Christian religions and at <a href="/wiki/Atheist" class="mw-redirect" title="Atheist">atheists</a>, for whom he employs <a href="/wiki/Term_logic" title="Term logic">Aristotelian logic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dialectics" class="mw-redirect" title="Dialectics">dialectics</a>. </p><p>The decisions of fourteen later councils that Catholics hold as dogmatic and a small number of decrees promulgated by <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">popes</a> exercising <a href="/wiki/Papal_infallibility" title="Papal infallibility">papal infallibility</a> (for examples, see <a href="/wiki/Immaculate_Conception" title="Immaculate Conception">Immaculate Conception</a> and <a href="/wiki/Assumption_of_Mary" title="Assumption of Mary">Assumption of Mary</a>) are considered as being a part of the Catholic Church's sacred body of doctrine. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Judaism">Judaism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dogma&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Judaism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the Jewish commentary tradition, <i>dogma</i> is a principle by which the <a href="/wiki/Rabbanim" class="mw-redirect" title="Rabbanim">Rabbanim</a> can try the proofs of faith about the existence of God and truth; <sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>dogma</i> is what is necessarily true for rational thinking.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Jewish <a href="/wiki/Kabbalah" title="Kabbalah">Kabbalah</a>, a <i>dogma</i> is an <i><a href="/wiki/Archetype" title="Archetype">archetype</a></i> of the <a href="/wiki/Pardes_(exegesis)" title="Pardes (exegesis)">Pardes</a> or <i>Torah Nistar</i>, the secrets of Bible. In the relation between "logical thinking" and "rational Kabbalah" the "<a href="/wiki/Partzuf" class="mw-redirect" title="Partzuf">Partzuf</a>" is the means to identify "dogma".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (January 2023)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Buddhism">Buddhism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dogma&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Buddhism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/View_(Buddhism)" title="View (Buddhism)">View (Buddhism)</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/View_(Buddhism)" title="View (Buddhism)">View</a> or position (<a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskrit language">Sanskrit</a>: <span lang="sa">दृष्टि</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Sanskrit" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Sanskrit">romanized</a>: </small><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">dṛṣṭi</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pali_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pali language">Pali</a>: <i lang="pi-Latn">diṭṭhi</i>) is a central idea in <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> that corresponds with the Western notion of dogma.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFuller20051_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFuller20051-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Buddhist thought, a view is not a simple, abstract collection of propositions, but a charged interpretation of experience which intensely shapes and affects thought, sensation, and action.<sup id="cite_ref-Lusthaus_2002_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lusthaus_2002-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Having the proper mental attitude toward views is therefore considered an integral part of the Buddhist path, as sometimes correct views need to be put into practice and incorrect views abandoned, while at other times all views are seen as obstacles to enlightenment.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFuller20051–2_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFuller20051–2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Islam">Islam</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dogma&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Islam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Taqlid" title="Taqlid">Taqlid</a></div> <p>Taqlid (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">تَقْليد</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">taqlīd</i></span>) is a term in Islam that refers to conforming to the teachings of a particular person. Classical usage of the term differs between <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia Islam</a>. In Sunni Islam, taqlid refers to the unjustified conformity to the teachings of a person without inquiring or thinking about said teachings, rather than the justified conformity of a layperson to the teaching of <i><a href="/wiki/Mujtahid" class="mw-redirect" title="Mujtahid">mujtahid</a></i> (a person who is qualified for independent reasoning). In Shia Islam, taqlid refers to the general conformity of non-<i>mujtahid</i> to the teaching of <i>mujtahid</i>, without a negative connotation. The discrepancy corresponds to differing views on <a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Shia_doctrine" title="Imamate in Shia doctrine">Shia views on the Imamate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sunni_imams#Sunni_imams" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni imams">Sunni imams</a>. Taqlid can be seen as a form of dogma, as no particular scholar can always be correct, so their rulings should not be taken uncritically.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dogma&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Axiom" title="Axiom">Axiom</a> – Statement that is taken to be true</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_dogma_of_molecular_biology" title="Central dogma of molecular biology">Central dogma of molecular biology</a> – Explanation of the flow of genetic information within a biological system</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctrine#Religious_usage" title="Doctrine">Doctrine#Religious usage</a> – Codification of beliefs</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogmatic_theology" title="Dogmatic theology">Dogmatic theology</a> – Official theology of a church</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escalation_of_commitment" title="Escalation of commitment">Escalation of commitment</a> – A human behavior pattern in which the participant takes on increasingly greater risk</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith" title="Faith">Faith</a> – Confidence or trust, often characterized as without evidence</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudoskepticism" title="Pseudoskepticism">Pseudoskepticism</a> – Philosophical position that appears to be skeptic but is actually dogmatic</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_social_science_model" title="Standard social science model">Standard social science model</a> – Alleged model of social science thought</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dogma&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px 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.cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05089a.htm">"Dogma"</a>. <i>New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220605133144/https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05089a.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 5 June 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Advent+Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.atitle=Dogma&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fcathen%2F05089a.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADogma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2019/03/22/yes-liberal-democracy-is-struggling-progressive-left-isnt-helping/">"Yes, liberal democracy is struggling, and the progressive left isn't helping"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210122085113/https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2019/03/22/yes-liberal-democracy-is-struggling-progressive-left-isnt-helping/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Yes%2C+liberal+democracy+is+struggling%2C+and+the+progressive+left+isn%27t+helping&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fopinions%2F2019%2F03%2F22%2Fyes-liberal-democracy-is-struggling-progressive-left-isnt-helping%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADogma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/09/challenging-the-dogmas-of-right-and-left/540093/">"Challenging the Dogmas of Right and Left"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a></i>. 18 September 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210117011431/https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/09/challenging-the-dogmas-of-right-and-left/540093/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=Challenging+the+Dogmas+of+Right+and+Left&rft.date=2017-09-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fpolitics%2Farchive%2F2017%2F09%2Fchallenging-the-dogmas-of-right-and-left%2F540093%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADogma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220729014435/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/dogma">"dogma"</a>. <i>Merriam-Webster.com</i>. Encyclopædia Britannica Company, Inc. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/dogma">the original</a> on 2022-07-29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster.com&rft.atitle=dogma&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fdogma&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADogma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dictionary.com/browse/dogma">"Dogma"</a>. <i>dictionary.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160923025608/http://www.dictionary.com/browse/dogma">Archived</a> from the original on 23 September 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dictionary.com&rft.atitle=Dogma&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dictionary.com%2Fbrowse%2Fdogma&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADogma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sextus Empiricus, 'Outlines of Pyrrhonism', I. 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sextus Empiricus, 'Outlines of Pyrrhonism', I. 14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlackburn2016139-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlackburn2016139_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlackburn2016139_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBlackburn2016">Blackburn 2016</a>, p. 139.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStanglin2009240-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStanglin2009240_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStanglin2009">Stanglin 2009</a>, p. 240.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Collins1983162–163-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Collins1983162–163_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFO'Collins1983">O'Collins 1983</a>, pp. 162–163.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcKim2001350-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcKim2001350_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcKim2001">McKim 2001</a>, p. 350.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Albo" title="Joseph Albo">Joseph Albo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sefer_HaIkkarim" title="Sefer HaIkkarim">Sefer HaIkkarim</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Fons Vitae" of <a href="/wiki/Solomon_ibn_Gabirol" title="Solomon ibn Gabirol">Solomon ibn Gabirol</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFuller20051-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFuller20051_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFuller2005">Fuller 2005</a>, p. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lusthaus_2002-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lusthaus_2002_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLusthaus2002" class="citation book cs1">Lusthaus, Dan (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200219223250/http://www.khamkoo.com/uploads/9/0/0/4/9004485/buddhist_phenomenology_-_a_pholosophical_investigation_of_yogacara_buddhism_and_the_cheng_wei-shih_lun.pdf"><i>Buddhist Phenomenology</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Routledge. p. 242, n. 46. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.khamkoo.com/uploads/9/0/0/4/9004485/buddhist_phenomenology_-_a_pholosophical_investigation_of_yogacara_buddhism_and_the_cheng_wei-shih_lun.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2020-02-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-08-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Buddhist+Phenomenology&rft.pages=242%2C+n.+46&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Lusthaus&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.khamkoo.com%2Fuploads%2F9%2F0%2F0%2F4%2F9004485%2Fbuddhist_phenomenology_-_a_pholosophical_investigation_of_yogacara_buddhism_and_the_cheng_wei-shih_lun.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADogma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFuller20051–2-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFuller20051–2_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFuller2005">Fuller 2005</a>, pp. 1–2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamqa.info/en/answers/23280/imitation-taqleed-following-the-evidence-daleel-and-was-ibn-hazm-a-hanbali">"Imitation (taqleed), following the evidence (daleel) – and was Ibn Hazm a Hanbali?"</a>. <i>islamqa.org</i>. <q>No one has the right to follow an imam blindly and never accept anything but his worlds. Rather what he must do is accept that which is in accordance with the truth, whether it is from his imam or anyone else.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=islamqa.org&rft.atitle=Imitation+%28taqleed%29%2C+following+the+evidence+%28daleel%29+%E2%80%93+and+was+Ibn+Hazm+a+Hanbali%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fislamqa.info%2Fen%2Fanswers%2F23280%2Fimitation-taqleed-following-the-evidence-daleel-and-was-ibn-hazm-a-hanbali&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADogma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dogma&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlackburn2016" class="citation book cs1">Blackburn, Simon (2016). "Dogma". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Mno8CwAAQBAJ"><i>The Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0198735304" title="Special:BookSources/978-0198735304"><bdi>978-0198735304</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Dogma&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Dictionary+of+Philosophy&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0198735304&rft.aulast=Blackburn&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMno8CwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADogma" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFuller2005" class="citation book cs1">Fuller, Paul (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150226092537/http://ahandfulofleaves.org/documents/The%20Notion%20of%20Ditthi%20in%20Theravada%20Buddhism_Fuller.pdf"><i>The Notion of Diṭṭhi in Theravāda Buddhism: The Point of View</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Routledge. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ahandfulofleaves.org/documents/The%20Notion%20of%20Ditthi%20in%20Theravada%20Buddhism_Fuller.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on February 26, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Notion+of+Di%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADhi+in+Therav%C4%81da+Buddhism%3A+The+Point+of+View&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Fuller&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ahandfulofleaves.org%2Fdocuments%2FThe%2520Notion%2520of%2520Ditthi%2520in%2520Theravada%2520Buddhism_Fuller.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADogma" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKim2001" class="citation book cs1">McKim, D.K. (2001). "Dogma". In Elwell, Walter A. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yu846j61u0wC"><i>Evangelical Dictionary of Theology</i></a>. Baker Academic. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0801020759" title="Special:BookSources/978-0801020759"><bdi>978-0801020759</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Dogma&rft.btitle=Evangelical+Dictionary+of+Theology&rft.pub=Baker+Academic&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0801020759&rft.aulast=McKim&rft.aufirst=D.K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dyu846j61u0wC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADogma" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Collins1983" class="citation book cs1">O'Collins, Gerald (1983). "Dogma". In Richardson, Alan; Bowden, John (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PN7UMUTBBPAC"><i>The Westminster Dictionary of Christian Theology</i></a>. Westminster John Knox Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0664227487" title="Special:BookSources/978-0664227487"><bdi>978-0664227487</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Dogma&rft.btitle=The+Westminster+Dictionary+of+Christian+Theology&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-0664227487&rft.aulast=O%27Collins&rft.aufirst=Gerald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPN7UMUTBBPAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADogma" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStanglin2009" class="citation book cs1">Stanglin, K.D. (2009). "Dogma". In Dyrness, William A.; Kärkkäinen, Veli-Matti (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ncqkZnDSeo4C"><i>Global Dictionary of Theology: A Resource for the Worldwide Church</i></a>. InterVarsity Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0830878116" title="Special:BookSources/978-0830878116"><bdi>978-0830878116</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Dogma&rft.btitle=Global+Dictionary+of+Theology%3A+A+Resource+for+the+Worldwide+Church&rft.pub=InterVarsity+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0830878116&rft.aulast=Stanglin&rft.aufirst=K.D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DncqkZnDSeo4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADogma" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dogma&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">1913 <i>Catholic Encyclopedia</i></a> article <b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Dogma" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Dogma">Dogma</a></b>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bible.crosswalk.com/Lexicons/Greek/grk.cgi?number=1378&version=kjv">Dogma</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070213061957/http://bible.crosswalk.com/Lexicons/Greek/grk.cgi?number=1378&version=kjv">Archived</a> 2007-02-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_Strong_(theologian)" title="James Strong (theologian)">Strong's</a> N.T. Greek Lexicon</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.enricomariaradaelli.it/aureadomus/convivium/convivium_domani_del_dogma.html">Il Domani – terribile o radioso? – del Dogma</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140926002219/http://www.enricomariaradaelli.it/aureadomus/convivium/convivium_domani_del_dogma.html">Archived</a> 2014-09-26 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, a book by Enrico Maria Radaelli with a Preface by Roger Scruton and comments by Brunero Gherardini, Alessandro Gnocchi-Mario Palmaro, and Mario Oliveri (Roma 2012)</li> <li>Irenaeus. <i>Demonstration of the Apostolic Preaching</i>. pp. 70–75. [online] available at: Christian Classics ethereal library <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccel.org/ccel/irenaeus/demonstr.i.html">St. Irenaeus: Demonstration of the Apostolic Preaching – Christian Classics Ethereal Library</a> [Accessed 20 June 2017]</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 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style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Proscription" title="Proscription">Proscription</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Damnatio_memoriae" title="Damnatio memoriae">Damnatio memoriae</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissident" title="Dissident">Dissident</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dissenter" title="Dissenter">Dissenter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exile" title="Exile">Exile</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Homo_sacer" title="Homo sacer">Homo sacer</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostracism" title="Ostracism">Ostracism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blacklisting" title="Blacklisting">Blacklisting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cancel_culture" title="Cancel culture">Cancel culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship" title="Censorship">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deplatforming" title="Deplatforming">Deplatforming</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outcast_(person)" title="Outcast (person)">Outcast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outlaw" title="Outlaw">Outlaw</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_death" title="Civil death">Civil death</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vogelfrei" title="Vogelfrei">Vogelfrei</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Persona_non_grata" title="Persona non grata">Persona non grata</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_enemy" title="Public enemy">Public enemy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enemy_of_the_people" title="Enemy of the people">Enemy of the people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enemy_of_the_state" title="Enemy of the state">Enemy of the state</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scapegoating" title="Scapegoating">Scapegoating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shunning" title="Shunning">Shunning</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governmental pressure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarianism" title="Authoritarianism">Authoritarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">Nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_nationalism" title="Left-wing nationalism">Left-wing nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_conservatism" title="National conservatism">National conservatism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totalitarianism" title="Totalitarianism">Totalitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyranny_of_the_majority" title="Tyranny of the majority">Tyranny of the majority</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Group pressure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandwagon_effect" title="Bandwagon effect">Bandwagon effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brainwashing" title="Brainwashing">Brainwashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closure_(sociology)" title="Closure (sociology)">Closure (sociology)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_organization#Collectivism_and_individualism" title="Social organization">Collectivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consensus_reality" title="Consensus reality">Consensus reality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_shock" title="Culture shock">Culture shock</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dogma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echo_chamber_(media)" title="Echo chamber (media)">Echo chamber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/False_consensus_effect" title="False consensus effect">False consensus effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fear_of_missing_out" title="Fear of missing out">Fear of missing out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groupthink" title="Groupthink">Groupthink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazing" title="Hazing">Hazing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herd_mentality" title="Herd mentality">Herd mentality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identification_(psychology)" title="Identification (psychology)">Identification (psychology)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indoctrination" title="Indoctrination">Indoctrination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invented_tradition" title="Invented tradition">Invented tradition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memory_conformity" title="Memory conformity">Memory conformity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mere_exposure_effect" class="mw-redirect" title="Mere exposure effect">Mere exposure effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milieu_control" title="Milieu control">Milieu control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobbing" title="Mobbing">Mobbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normalization_(sociology)" title="Normalization (sociology)">Normalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normative_social_influence" title="Normative social influence">Normative social influence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passing_(sociology)" title="Passing (sociology)">Passing (sociology)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotism" title="Patriotism">Patriotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peer_pressure" title="Peer pressure">Peer pressure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pluralistic_ignorance" title="Pluralistic ignorance">Pluralistic ignorance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda" title="Propaganda">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychosocial" title="Psychosocial">Psychosocial issue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purity_spiral" title="Purity spiral">Purity spiral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operant_conditioning" title="Operant conditioning">Operant conditioning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rally_%27round_the_flag_effect" title="Rally 'round the flag effect">Rally 'round the flag effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_construction_of_gender" title="Social construction of gender">Social construction of gender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_contagion" title="Social contagion">Social contagion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Behavioral_addiction" title="Behavioral addiction">Addiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behavioral_contagion" title="Behavioral contagion">Behavioral</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_Contagion_Models" class="mw-redirect" title="Crime Contagion Models">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hysterical_contagion" title="Hysterical contagion">Hysterical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copycat_suicide" title="Copycat suicide">Suicide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emotional_contagion" title="Emotional contagion">Emotional</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_influence" title="Social influence">Social influence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_integration" title="Social integration">Social integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialization" title="Socialization">Socialization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiral_of_silence" title="Spiral of silence">Spiral of silence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teasing" title="Teasing">Teasing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toxic_positivity" title="Toxic positivity">Toxic positivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Untouchability" title="Untouchability">Untouchability</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Individual pressure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarian_personality" title="Authoritarian personality">Authoritarian personality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarian_leadership_style" title="Authoritarian leadership style">Authoritarian leadership style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_authoritarian_personality" class="mw-redirect" title="Right-wing authoritarian personality">Right-wing authoritarian personality</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Control_freak" title="Control freak">Control freak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obsessive%E2%80%93compulsive_personality_disorder" title="Obsessive–compulsive personality disorder">Obsessive–compulsive personality disorder</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conformity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compliance_(psychology)" title="Compliance (psychology)">Compliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communal_reinforcement" title="Communal reinforcement">Communal reinforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Countersignaling" title="Countersignaling">Countersignaling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creeping_normality" title="Creeping normality">Creeping normality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herd_behavior" title="Herd behavior">Herd behavior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internalization_(sociology)" title="Internalization (sociology)">Internalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normalization_of_deviance" title="Normalization of deviance">Normalization of deviance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obedience_(human_behavior)" class="mw-redirect" title="Obedience (human behavior)">Obedience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preference_falsification" title="Preference falsification">Preference falsification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_proof" title="Social proof">Social proof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_reality" title="Social reality">Social reality</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Experiments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asch_conformity_experiments" title="Asch conformity experiments">Asch conformity experiments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breaching_experiment" title="Breaching experiment">Breaching experiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milgram_experiment" title="Milgram experiment">Milgram experiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_prison_experiment" title="Stanford prison experiment">Stanford prison experiment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anticonformity_(psychology)" title="Anticonformity (psychology)">Anticonformity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_media" title="Alternative media">Alternative media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-authoritarianism" title="Anti-authoritarianism">Anti-authoritarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-social_behaviour" title="Anti-social behaviour">Anti-social behaviour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auto-segregation" class="mw-redirect" title="Auto-segregation">Auto-segregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_disobedience" title="Civil disobedience">Civil disobedience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmopolitanism" title="Cosmopolitanism">Cosmopolitanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counterculture" title="Counterculture">Counterculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_jamming" title="Culture jamming">Culture jamming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deviance_(sociology)" title="Deviance (sociology)">Deviance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devil%27s_advocate" title="Devil's advocate">Devil's advocate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissent" title="Dissent">Dissent</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_dissent" title="Political dissent">Political</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eccentricity_(behavior)" title="Eccentricity (behavior)">Eccentricity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eclecticism" title="Eclecticism">Eclecticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermit" title="Hermit">Hermit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idiosyncrasy" title="Idiosyncrasy">Idiosyncrasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism">Individualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insubordination" title="Insubordination">Insubordination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_clown" title="Pueblo clown">Pueblo clown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebellion" title="Rebellion">Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_team" title="Red team">Red team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satire" title="Satire">Satire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shock_value" title="Shock value">Shock value</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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