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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Meaning of the proverb</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Meaning_of_the_proverb-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Variations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Variations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_influences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_influences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Cultural influences</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_influences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unicode_characters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unicode_characters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Unicode characters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unicode_characters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Three wise monkeys</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" 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Available in 38 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-38" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">38 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%A9" title="القردة الحكيمة الثلاثة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="القردة الحكيمة الثلاثة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%B0" title="তিনি জ্ঞানী বান্দৰ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="তিনি জ্ঞানী বান্দৰ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9C%C3%A7_meymun_(buddizm_simvolu)" title="Üç meymun (buddizm simvolu) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Üç meymun (buddizm simvolu)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tri_mudra_majmuna" title="Tri mudra majmuna – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Tri mudra majmuna" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tri_Marmouz_Fur" title="Tri Marmouz Fur – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Tri Marmouz Fur" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tres_micos_savis" title="Tres micos savis – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tres micos savis" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%99i_moudr%C3%A9_opice" title="Tři moudré opice – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tři moudré opice" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drei_Affen" title="Drei Affen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Drei Affen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolm_tarka_ahvi" title="Kolm tarka ahvi – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kolm tarka ahvi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_tres_monos_sabios" title="Los tres monos sabios – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Los tres monos sabios" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tri_sa%C4%9Daj_simioj" title="Tri saĝaj simioj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tri saĝaj simioj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiru_tximino_jakintsuak" title="Hiru tximino jakintsuak – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hiru tximino jakintsuak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%87_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AF" title="سه میمون خردمند – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سه میمون خردمند" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singes_de_la_sagesse" title="Singes de la sagesse – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Singes de la sagesse" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%B8_%EC%9B%90%EC%88%AD%EC%9D%B4" title="세 원숭이 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="세 원숭이" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D6%80%D5%A5%D6%84_%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Երեք կապիկներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Երեք կապիկներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tri_majmuna" title="Tri majmuna – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tri majmuna" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiga_monyet_yang_bijaksana" title="Tiga monyet yang bijaksana – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tiga monyet yang bijaksana" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_tre_scimmie_sagge" title="Le tre scimmie sagge – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Le tre scimmie sagge" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%97%D7%9B%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9D" title="שלושת הקופים החכמים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שלושת הקופים החכמים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keth%C3%A8k_telu_kang_wicaksana" title="Kethèk telu kang wicaksana – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kethèk telu kang wicaksana" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_h%C3%A1rom_b%C3%B6lcs_majom" title="A három bölcs majom – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="A három bölcs majom" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC" title="വിവേകികളായ മൂന്ന് കുരങ്ങന്മാർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വിവേകികളായ മൂന്ന് കുരങ്ങന്മാർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horen,_zien_en_zwijgen_(uitdrukking)" title="Horen, zien en zwijgen (uitdrukking) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Horen, zien en zwijgen (uitdrukking)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%8C%BF" title="三猿 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="三猿" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%98stens_tre_vise_aper" title="Østens tre vise aper – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Østens tre vise aper" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trzy_m%C4%85dre_ma%C5%82py" title="Trzy mądre małpy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Trzy mądre małpy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C3%AAs_Macacos_S%C3%A1bios" title="Três Macacos Sábios – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Três Macacos Sábios" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Три обезьяны – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Три обезьяны" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tri_m%C3%BAdre_opice" title="Tri múdre opice – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Tri múdre opice" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tri_mudra_majmuna" title="Tri mudra majmuna – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tri mudra majmuna" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolme_viisasta_apinaa" title="Kolme viisasta apinaa – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kolme viisasta apinaa" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_tre_aporna" title="De tre aporna – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="De tre aporna" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7" title="ลิงสามตัว – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ลิงสามตัว" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BF%D0%B8" title="Три мавпи – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Три мавпи" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%E1%BB%89_tam_kh%C3%B4ng" title="Khỉ tam không – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Khỉ tam không" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng 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dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Pictorial maxim, embodying "see no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil"</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Sanzaru" redirects here. For the game company, see <a href="/wiki/Sanzaru_Games" title="Sanzaru Games">Sanzaru Games</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"See no evil hear no evil" redirects here. For the 1989 comedy film, see <a href="/wiki/See_No_Evil,_Hear_No_Evil_(film)" title="See No Evil, Hear No Evil (film)">See No Evil, Hear No Evil (film)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Toshogu_Three_Monkeys_Restored_2024_Crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Toshogu_Three_Monkeys_Restored_2024_Crop.jpg/220px-Toshogu_Three_Monkeys_Restored_2024_Crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Toshogu_Three_Monkeys_Restored_2024_Crop.jpg/330px-Toshogu_Three_Monkeys_Restored_2024_Crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Toshogu_Three_Monkeys_Restored_2024_Crop.jpg/440px-Toshogu_Three_Monkeys_Restored_2024_Crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2180" data-file-height="921" /></a><figcaption>The three wise monkeys at the <a href="/wiki/Nikk%C5%8D_T%C5%8Dsh%C5%8D-g%C5%AB" title="Nikkō Tōshō-gū">Tōshō-gū</a> shrine in <a href="/wiki/Nikk%C5%8D" title="Nikkō">Nikkō</a>, Japan</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>three wise monkeys</b> are a Japanese pictorial <a href="/wiki/Maxim_(philosophy)" title="Maxim (philosophy)">maxim</a>, embodying the <a href="/wiki/Proverb" title="Proverb">proverbial</a> principle "<b>see no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil</b>".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The three monkeys are </p> <ul><li><b>Mizaru</b> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">見ざる</span></span>), "does not see", covering his eyes</li> <li><b>Kikazaru</b> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">聞かざる</span></span>), "does not hear", covering his ears</li> <li><b>Iwazaru</b> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">言わざる</span></span>), "does not speak", covering his mouth.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Lafcadio_Hearn" title="Lafcadio Hearn">Lafcadio Hearn</a> refers to them as the <b>three mystic apes</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are at least two divergent interpretations of the maxim: in Buddhist tradition, it is about avoiding evil thoughts and deeds. In the West, however, it is often interpreted as dealing with impropriety by <a href="/wiki/Turning_a_blind_eye" title="Turning a blind eye">turning a blind eye</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-searching_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-searching-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Outside Japan the monkeys' names are sometimes given as <i>Mizaru</i>, <i>Mikazaru</i><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (July 2024)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> and <i>Mazaru</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as the last two names were corrupted from the Japanese originals.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The monkeys are <a href="/wiki/Japanese_macaque" title="Japanese macaque">Japanese macaques</a>, a common species in Japan. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origin">Origin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_wise_monkeys&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nikk%C5%8D_T%C5%8Dsh%C5%8D-g%C5%AB_20170325-3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Nikk%C5%8D_T%C5%8Dsh%C5%8D-g%C5%AB_20170325-3.jpg/220px-Nikk%C5%8D_T%C5%8Dsh%C5%8D-g%C5%AB_20170325-3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Nikk%C5%8D_T%C5%8Dsh%C5%8D-g%C5%AB_20170325-3.jpg/330px-Nikk%C5%8D_T%C5%8Dsh%C5%8D-g%C5%AB_20170325-3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Nikk%C5%8D_T%C5%8Dsh%C5%8D-g%C5%AB_20170325-3.jpg/440px-Nikk%C5%8D_T%C5%8Dsh%C5%8D-g%C5%AB_20170325-3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Tōshō-gū shrine stable. The “Wise monkeys” panel is the second from left.</figcaption></figure> <p>The source that popularized this pictorial <a href="/wiki/Maxim_(philosophy)" title="Maxim (philosophy)">maxim</a> is a 17th-century carving over a door of a stable of the <a href="/wiki/Nikk%C5%8D_T%C5%8Dsh%C5%8D-g%C5%AB" title="Nikkō Tōshō-gū">Tōshō-gū</a> shrine in <a href="/wiki/Nikk%C5%8D" title="Nikkō">Nikkō</a>, Japan. The carvings at Tōshō-gū Shrine were carved by <a href="/wiki/Hidari_Jingoro" class="mw-redirect" title="Hidari Jingoro">Hidari Jingoro</a>, and are believed to have incorporated <a href="/wiki/Confucius" title="Confucius">Confucius</a>’s Code of Conduct, using the monkey as a way to depict man’s life cycle. There are a total of eight panels, and the iconic three wise monkeys picture comes from panel 2. The philosophy, however, probably originally came to Japan with a <a href="/wiki/Tendai" title="Tendai">Tendai</a>-<a href="/wiki/Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist">Buddhist</a> legend, from China in the 8th century (<a href="/wiki/Nara_Period" class="mw-redirect" title="Nara Period">Nara Period</a>). It has been suggested that the figures represent the three dogmas of the so-called middle school of the sect. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>, two similar phrases exist: one is in the late <i><a href="/wiki/Analects_of_Confucius" class="mw-redirect" title="Analects of Confucius">Analects of Confucius</a></i> (from 4th to 2nd century BCE), that reads: "Look not at what is contrary to propriety; listen not to what is contrary to propriety; speak not what is contrary to propriety; make no movement which is contrary to propriety" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">非禮勿視，非禮勿聽，非禮勿言，非禮勿動</span></span>);<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the other is in the book <i><a href="/wiki/Xunzi_(book)" title="Xunzi (book)">Xunzi</a></i> (from the 3rd century BCE), which reads: "[The <a href="/wiki/Junzi" title="Junzi">gentleman</a>] makes his eyes not want to see what is not right, makes his ears not want to hear what is not right, makes his mouth not want to speak what is not right, and makes his heart not want to deliberate over what is not right" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">使目非是無欲見也，使耳非是無欲聞也，使口非是無欲言也，使心非是無欲慮也</span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Those may be the inspiration for the pictorial maxim after Chinese works were brought into Japan. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Koshinscroll.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Koshinscroll.jpg/170px-Koshinscroll.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="315" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Koshinscroll.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="194" data-file-height="360" /></a><figcaption>Kōshin scroll with the three monkeys</figcaption></figure> <p>It is through the <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dshin" title="Kōshin">Kōshin</a> rite of <a href="/wiki/Folk_religion" title="Folk religion">folk religion</a> that the most significant examples are presented. The Kōshin belief or practice is a Japanese folk religion with Chinese <a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a> origins and ancient <a href="/wiki/Shinto" title="Shinto">Shinto</a> influence. It was founded by Tendai Buddhist monks in the late 10th century. A considerable number of stone monuments can be found all over the eastern part of Japan around <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a>. During the later part of the <a href="/wiki/Muromachi_period" title="Muromachi period">Muromachi period</a>, it was customary to display stone pillars depicting the three monkeys during the observance of Kōshin.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Though the teaching had nothing to do with monkeys, the concept of the three monkeys originated from a simple play on words. The saying in Japanese is <i>mizaru, kikazaru, iwazaru</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">見ざる, 聞かざる, 言わざる</span></span>) "see not, hear not, speak not"</span>, where the <i>-zaru</i> is a negative conjugation on the three verbs, matching <i>zaru</i>, the <a href="/wiki/Rendaku" title="Rendaku">rendaku</a> form of <i>saru</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">猿</span></span>)</span> "monkey" used in compounds. Thus the saying (which does not include any specific reference to "evil") can also be interpreted as referring to three monkeys.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The shrine at Nikko is a Shinto shrine, and the monkey is an extremely important being in the <a href="/wiki/Shinto" title="Shinto">Shinto</a> religion. The monkey is believed to be the messenger of the Hie Shinto shrines, which also have connections with Tendai Buddhism. There are even important festivals that are celebrated during the <a href="/wiki/Monkey_(zodiac)" title="Monkey (zodiac)">year of the Monkey</a> (occurring every twelve years) and a special festival is celebrated every sixteenth year of the <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dshin" title="Kōshin">Kōshin</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>"The Three Mystic Apes" (Sambiki Saru) were described as "the attendants of Saruta Hito no Mikoto or Kōshin, the God of the Roads".<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Kōshin festival was held on the 60th day of the calendar. It has been suggested that during the Kōshin festival, according to old beliefs, one's bad deeds might be reported to heaven "unless avoidance actions were taken…". It has been theorized that the three Mystic Apes, Not Seeing, Hearing, or Speaking, may have been the "things that one has done wrong in the last 59 days".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>According to other accounts, the monkeys caused the <i>Sanshi</i> and <i>Ten-Tei</i> not to see, say or hear the bad deeds of a person. The <i>Sanshi</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">三尸</span></span>)</span> are the <a href="/wiki/Three_Corpses" title="Three Corpses">Three Corpses</a> living in everyone's body. The Sanshi keep track of the good deeds and particularly the bad deeds of the person they inhabit. Every 60 days, on the night called <i>Kōshin-Machi</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">庚申待</span></span>)</span>, if the person sleeps, the Sanshi will leave the body and go to <i>Ten-Tei</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">天帝</span></span>)</span>, the Heavenly God, to report about the deeds of that person. Ten-Tei will then decide to punish bad people, making them ill, shortening their time alive, and in extreme cases putting an end to their lives. Those believers of Kōshin who have reason to fear will try to stay awake during Kōshin nights. This is the only way to prevent the Sanshi from leaving their body and reporting to Ten-Tei. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Meaning_of_the_proverb">Meaning of the proverb</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_wise_monkeys&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Meaning of the proverb"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Just as there is disagreement about the origin of the phrase, there are differing explanations of the meaning of "see no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil". </p> <ul><li>In Buddhist tradition, the tenets of the proverb are about not dwelling on evil thoughts.</li> <li>The proverb and the image are often used to refer to a lack of moral responsibility on the part of people who refuse to acknowledge impropriety, <a href="/wiki/Turning_a_blind_eye" title="Turning a blind eye">looking the other way</a> or feigning ignorance.<sup id="cite_ref-Olesen_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Olesen-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variations">Variations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_wise_monkeys&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Variations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Four_wise_monkeys.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Four_wise_monkeys.jpg/220px-Four_wise_monkeys.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Four_wise_monkeys.jpg/330px-Four_wise_monkeys.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Four_wise_monkeys.jpg/440px-Four_wise_monkeys.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Sculpture of four monkeys, the fourth monkey is covering its genitals</figcaption></figure> <p>Sometimes there is a fourth monkey depicted, <b>Sezaru</b>, who symbolizes the principle of "do no evil", which fits with the full quote from <a href="/wiki/Analects_of_Confucius" class="mw-redirect" title="Analects of Confucius">Analects of Confucius</a>. The monkey may be shown crossing its arms or covering its genitals. Yet another variation has the fourth monkey hold its nose to avoid a stench and has been dubbed "smell no evil" accordingly.<sup id="cite_ref-searching_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-searching-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Three_wise_monkeys_crafted_in_Japan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Three_wise_monkeys_crafted_in_Japan.jpg/220px-Three_wise_monkeys_crafted_in_Japan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Three_wise_monkeys_crafted_in_Japan.jpg/330px-Three_wise_monkeys_crafted_in_Japan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Three_wise_monkeys_crafted_in_Japan.jpg/440px-Three_wise_monkeys_crafted_in_Japan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1993" /></a><figcaption>Three wise monkeys variation : "Hear, speak, see only good"</figcaption></figure> <p>The opposite version of the three wise monkeys can also be found. In this case, one monkey holds its hands to its eyes to focus vision, the second monkey holds its hands to its mouth like a bullhorn, and the third monkey cups its hands around its ears to improve hearing. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_influences">Cultural influences</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_wise_monkeys&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Cultural influences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Three_wise_monkeys" title="Special:EditPage/Three wise monkeys">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2012</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oak_Ridge_Wise_Monkeys.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Oak_Ridge_Wise_Monkeys.jpg/220px-Oak_Ridge_Wise_Monkeys.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Oak_Ridge_Wise_Monkeys.jpg/330px-Oak_Ridge_Wise_Monkeys.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Oak_Ridge_Wise_Monkeys.jpg/440px-Oak_Ridge_Wise_Monkeys.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1179" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>A World War II poster directed at participants in the <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Project" title="Manhattan Project">Manhattan Project</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The three wise monkeys, and the associated proverb, are known throughout Asia and outside Asia. They have been a motif in pictures, such as the <a href="/wiki/Ukiyo-e" title="Ukiyo-e">ukiyo-e</a> (Japanese woodblock printings) by <a href="/wiki/Keisai_Eisen" title="Keisai Eisen">Keisai Eisen</a>, and are frequently represented in modern culture. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gandhiji%27s_Three_Monkeys.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Gandhiji%27s_Three_Monkeys.JPG/220px-Gandhiji%27s_Three_Monkeys.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Gandhiji%27s_Three_Monkeys.JPG/330px-Gandhiji%27s_Three_Monkeys.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Gandhiji%27s_Three_Monkeys.JPG/440px-Gandhiji%27s_Three_Monkeys.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1063" /></a><figcaption>Representation of <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a>'s smaller statue of the three monkeys Bapu (Mizaru), Ketan (Kikazaru) and Bandar (Iwazaru), at the <a href="/wiki/Sabarmati_Ashram" title="Sabarmati Ashram">Sabarmati Ashram</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad,_Gujarat" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmedabad, Gujarat">Ahmedabad, Gujarat</a>, India</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a>'s main exception to his lifestyle of non-possession was a small statue of the three monkeys - Bapu, Ketan and Bandar - which was gifted to him by <a href="/wiki/Nichidatsu_Fujii" title="Nichidatsu Fujii">Nichidatsu Fujii</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, a larger representation of the three monkeys is prominently displayed at the <a href="/wiki/Sabarmati_Ashram" title="Sabarmati Ashram">Sabarmati Ashram</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad" title="Ahmedabad">Ahmedabad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a>, where Gandhi lived from 1915 to 1930 and from where he departed on his famous <a href="/wiki/Salt_Satyagraha" class="mw-redirect" title="Salt Satyagraha">salt march</a>. Gandhi's statue also inspired a 2008 artwork by Subodh Gupta, <i><a href="/wiki/Gandhi%27s_Three_Monkeys" title="Gandhi's Three Monkeys">Gandhi's Three Monkeys</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The three monkeys are depicted in the trial scene in the 1968 film <i><a href="/wiki/Planet_of_the_Apes" title="Planet of the Apes">Planet of the Apes</a></i>. In an example of <a href="/wiki/Semiotics" title="Semiotics">semiotics</a>, the judges mimic the "see no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil" monkeys.<sup id="cite_ref-revisited_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-revisited-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a spoof of this saying, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dole" title="Bob Dole">Bob Dole</a> quipped about a meeting of former US Presidents: "<a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Carter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Ford</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Nixon</a>: see no evil, hear no evil and evil."<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The maxim inspired an award-winning 2008 Turkish film by director <a href="/wiki/Nuri_Bilge_Ceylan" title="Nuri Bilge Ceylan">Nuri Bilge Ceylan</a> called <i><a href="/wiki/Three_Monkeys_(film)" title="Three Monkeys (film)">Three Monkeys</a></i> (<i>Üç Maymun</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Unicode_characters">Unicode characters</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_wise_monkeys&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Unicode characters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> provides <a href="/wiki/Emoji" title="Emoji">emoji</a> representations of the monkeys in the <a href="/wiki/Emoticons_(Unicode_block)" title="Emoticons (Unicode block)">Emoticons block</a> as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>Mizaru</b>: <span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">U+1F648</span> </span><span style="font-size:150%;line-height:1em">🙈</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;"><a href="/wiki/Emoticons#Unicode" class="mw-redirect" title="Emoticons">SEE-NO-EVIL MONKEY</a></span></li> <li><b>Kikazaru</b>: <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+1F649</span> </span><span style="font-size:150%;line-height:1em">🙉</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;"><a href="/wiki/Emoticons#Unicode" class="mw-redirect" title="Emoticons">HEAR-NO-EVIL MONKEY</a></span></li> <li><b>Iwazaru</b>: <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+1F64A</span> </span><span style="font-size:150%;line-height:1em">🙊</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;"><a href="/wiki/Emoticons#Unicode" class="mw-redirect" title="Emoticons">SPEAK-NO-EVIL MONKEY</a></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_wise_monkeys&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism#Principal_beliefs" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lashon_hara" title="Lashon hara">Lashon hara</a>, prohibition of gossip in <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manasa,_vacha,_karmana" title="Manasa, vacha, karmana">Manasa, vacha, karmana</a>, three Sanskrit words referring to mind, speech and actions</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plausible_deniability" title="Plausible deniability">Plausible deniability</a>, being able to convincingly claim ignorance of something incriminating</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trikaya" title="Trikaya">Trikaya</a>, a formulation in Buddhism referring to body, speech and mind</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willful_blindness" class="mw-redirect" title="Willful blindness">Willful blindness</a>, knowingly refraining from pursuing available information or knowingly sheltering oneself from information</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_wise_monkeys&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Mieder" title="Wolfgang Mieder">Wolfgang Mieder</a>. 1981. "The Proverbial Three Wise Monkeys," <i>Midwestern Journal of Language and Folklore</i>, 7: 5- 38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Oldest reference to the correct monkey names in English. Source: <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFJapan_Society_of_London1893" class="citation book cs1">Japan Society of London (1893). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=X-oVAAAAYAAJ&q=Mizaru+Kikazaru+Iwazaru"><i>Transactions and proceedings of the Japan Society, London, Volume 1</i></a>. Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner and Co. p. 98.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Transactions+and+proceedings+of+the+Japan+Society%2C+London%2C+Volume+1&rft.pages=98&rft.pub=Kegan+Paul%2C+Trench%2C+Tr%C3%BCbner+and+Co.&rft.date=1893&rft.au=Japan+Society+of+London&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DX-oVAAAAYAAJ%26q%3DMizaru%2BKikazaru%2BIwazaru&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThree+wise+monkeys" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hearn,_Lafcadio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hearn, Lafcadio (page does not exist)">Lafcadio Hearn</a> (1894). <i>Glimpses of unfamiliar Japan</i>, volume 2, p. 127.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-searching-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-searching_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-searching_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPornpimol_Kanchanalak2011" class="citation web cs1">Pornpimol Kanchanalak (21 April 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150828032149/http://www.nationmultimedia.com/home/2011/04/21/opinion/Searching-for-the-fourth-monkey-in-a-corrupted-wor-30153534.html">"Searching for the fourth monkey in a corrupted world"</a>. <i>The Nation</i>. Thailand. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationmultimedia.com/home/2011/04/21/opinion/Searching-for-the-fourth-monkey-in-a-corrupted-wor-30153534.html">the original</a> on 28 August 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Nation&rft.atitle=Searching+for+the+fourth+monkey+in+a+corrupted+world&rft.date=2011-04-21&rft.au=Pornpimol+Kanchanalak&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationmultimedia.com%2Fhome%2F2011%2F04%2F21%2Fopinion%2FSearching-for-the-fourth-monkey-in-a-corrupted-wor-30153534.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThree+wise+monkeys" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=Mikazaru&tbm=bks">"Mikazaru - Google Search"</a>. <i>www.google.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.google.com&rft.atitle=Mikazaru+-+Google+Search&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fsearch%3Fq%3DMikazaru%26tbm%3Dbks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThree+wise+monkeys" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Oldest reference of the incorrect <i>Mazaru</i> in Google Books. Source:<br /> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson1920" class="citation book cs1">Anderson, Isabel (1920). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=B4JCAAAAIAAJ&q=Mazaru"><i>The spell of Japan</i></a>. Page. p. 379.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+spell+of+Japan&rft.pages=379&rft.pub=Page&rft.date=1920&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Isabel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DB4JCAAAAIAAJ%26q%3DMazaru&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThree+wise+monkeys" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWorth1974" class="citation book cs1">Worth, Fred L. (1974). <a href="/wiki/The_Trivia_Encyclopedia" title="The Trivia Encyclopedia"><i>The Trivia Encyclopedia</i></a>. Brooke House. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/triviaencycloped00wort/page/262">262</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-912588-12-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-912588-12-4"><bdi>978-0-912588-12-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Trivia+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=262&rft.pub=Brooke+House&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=978-0-912588-12-4&rft.aulast=Worth&rft.aufirst=Fred+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThree+wise+monkeys" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShipley2001" class="citation book cs1">Shipley, Joseph Twadell (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/originsofenglish00jose/page/249"><i>The Origins of English Words: A Discursive Dictionary of Indo-European Roots</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins University</a> Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/originsofenglish00jose/page/249">249</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-6784-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-6784-2"><bdi>978-0-8018-6784-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Origins+of+English+Words%3A+A+Discursive+Dictionary+of+Indo-European+Roots&rft.pages=249&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-8018-6784-2&rft.aulast=Shipley&rft.aufirst=Joseph+Twadell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foriginsofenglish00jose%2Fpage%2F249&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThree+wise+monkeys" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Original text: <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/zh:%E8%AB%96%E8%AA%9E#顏淵第十二" class="extiw" title="s:zh:論語">論語</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Chinese)</span>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Analects#Part_12" class="extiw" title="s:The Analects">Analects</a> <span class="languageicon">(in English)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Original text in <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinaknowledge.de/Literature/Poetry/sibucongkan.html">Sibu Congkan</a></i>, "Vol. 312". pages <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ctext.org/library.pl?if=en&file=77669&page=32#%E4%BD%BF%E7%9B%AE%E9%9D%9E%E6%98%AF%E7%84%A1%E6%AC%B2%E8%A6%8B%E4%B9%9F%E4%BD%BF%E8%80%B3">32</a>-<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ctext.org/library.pl?if=en&file=77669&page=33#%E9%9D%9E%E6%98%AF%E7%84%A1%E6%AC%B2%E8%81%9E%E4%B9%9F%E4%BD%BF%E5%8F%A3%E9%9D%9E%E6%98%AF%E7%84%A1%E6%AC%B2%E8%A8%80%E4%B9%9F%E4%BD%BF%E5%BF%83%E9%9D%9E%E6%98%AF%E7%84%A1%E6%AC%B2%E6%85%AE%E4%B9%9F">33</a> of 156</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFXun_Kuang2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Xun_Kuang" class="mw-redirect" title="Xun Kuang">Xun Kuang</a> (2014). <i>Xunzi - The Complete Text</i>. Translated by Eric L. Hutton. Princeton: Princeton University Press. p. 8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Xunzi+-+The+Complete+Text&rft.place=Princeton&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.au=Xun+Kuang&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThree+wise+monkeys" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoly1908" class="citation web cs1">Joly, Henri L. (1908). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/legendinjapanese00jolyuoft/legendinjapanese00jolyuoft_djvu.txt">"Legend in Japanese Art"</a>. London, New York: J. Lane. p. 10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Legend+in+Japanese+Art&rft.place=London%2C+New+York&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=J.+Lane&rft.date=1908&rft.aulast=Joly&rft.aufirst=Henri+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Flegendinjapanese00jolyuoft%2Flegendinjapanese00jolyuoft_djvu.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThree+wise+monkeys" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Olesen-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Olesen_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTom_Oleson2011" class="citation news cs1">Tom Oleson (29 October 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/opinion/columnists/how-about-monkey-see-monkey-dont-do-next-time-132842328.html">"How about monkey see, monkey DON'T do next time?"</a>. <i>Winnipeg Free Press</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Winnipeg+Free+Press&rft.atitle=How+about+monkey+see%2C+monkey+DON%27T+do+next+time%3F&rft.date=2011-10-29&rft.au=Tom+Oleson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.winnipegfreepress.com%2Fopinion%2Fcolumnists%2Fhow-about-monkey-see-monkey-dont-do-next-time-132842328.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThree+wise+monkeys" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNATARAJAN2023" class="citation web cs1">NATARAJAN, NARGIS (2 April 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecitizen.in/opinion/bapu-ketan-bandar-and-then-there-is-the-fourth-monkey-896844">"Bapu, Ketan, Bandar — And Then There Is The Fourth Monkey"</a>. <i>www.thecitizen.in</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.thecitizen.in&rft.atitle=Bapu%2C+Ketan%2C+Bandar+%E2%80%94+And+Then+There+Is+The+Fourth+Monkey&rft.date=2023-04-02&rft.aulast=NATARAJAN&rft.aufirst=NARGIS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecitizen.in%2Fopinion%2Fbapu-ketan-bandar-and-then-there-is-the-fourth-monkey-896844&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThree+wise+monkeys" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120606062409/http://www.qatar-tribune.com/data/20120528/content.asp?section=nation1_5">"QMA unveils Gandhi's 'Three Monkeys' at Katara"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Qatar_Tribune" title="Qatar Tribune">Qatar Tribune</a></i>. 28 May 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.qatar-tribune.com/data/20120528/content.asp?section=nation1_5">the original</a> on 6 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Qatar+Tribune&rft.atitle=QMA+unveils+Gandhi%27s+%27Three+Monkeys%27+at+Katara&rft.date=2012-05-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.qatar-tribune.com%2Fdata%2F20120528%2Fcontent.asp%3Fsection%3Dnation1_5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThree+wise+monkeys" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-revisited-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-revisited_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRussoLandsmanGross2001" class="citation book cs1">Russo, Joe; Landsman, Larry; Gross, Edward (2001). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780312252397"><i>Planet of the Apes Revisited: The Behind-The Scenes Story of the Classic Science Fiction Saga</i></a></span> (1st ed.). New York: Thomas Dunne Books/St. Martin's Griffin. p. 71. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0312252390" title="Special:BookSources/0312252390"><bdi>0312252390</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Planet+of+the+Apes+Revisited%3A+The+Behind-The+Scenes+Story+of+the+Classic+Science+Fiction+Saga&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=71&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Thomas+Dunne+Books%2FSt.+Martin%27s+Griffin&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0312252390&rft.aulast=Russo&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft.au=Landsman%2C+Larry&rft.au=Gross%2C+Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780312252397&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThree+wise+monkeys" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1996/03/07/opinion/liberties-let-dole-be-dole.html">"Liberties;Let Dole Be Dole"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i>. 7 March 1996<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Liberties%3BLet+Dole+Be+Dole&rft.date=1996-03-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1996%2F03%2F07%2Fopinion%2Fliberties-let-dole-be-dole.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThree+wise+monkeys" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode6.0.0/">Unicode 6.0.0</a> characters in <a href="/wiki/Emoticons#Unicode" class="mw-redirect" title="Emoticons">Emoticons block</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fileformat.info/info/unicode/char/1f648/index.htm">SEE-NO-EVIL MONKEY ‹🙈›</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fileformat.info/info/unicode/char/1f649/index.htm">HEAR-NO-EVIL MONKEY ‹🙉›</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fileformat.info/info/unicode/char/1f64a/index.htm">SPEAK-NO-EVIL MONKEY ‹🙊›</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_wise_monkeys&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTitelman2000" class="citation book cs1">Titelman, Gregory Y. (2000). <i>Random House Dictionary of America's Popular Proverbs and Sayings</i> (second ed.). New York: <a href="/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-375-70584-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-375-70584-7"><bdi>978-0-375-70584-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Random+House+Dictionary+of+America%27s+Popular+Proverbs+and+Sayings&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=second&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-375-70584-7&rft.aulast=Titelman&rft.aufirst=Gregory+Y.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThree+wise+monkeys" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Archer Taylor, "Audi, Vidi, Tace" and the three monkeys</li> <li>A. W. Smith, Folklore, Vol. 104, No. ½ pp. 144–150 "On the Ambiguity of the Three Wise Monkeys"</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_wise_monkeys&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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