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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Smena_generacija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Smena_generacija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Smena generacija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Smena_generacija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Galerija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Galerija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Galerija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Galerija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Literatura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vanjske_veze" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vanjske_veze"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Vanjske veze</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vanjske_veze-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaži/sakrij sadržaj" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prikaži/sakrij sadržaj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Paprati</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Prijedi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupno je na 100 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-100" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">100 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%88%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%95" title="ፈርን — Amharski" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ፈርን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%B3" title="سراخس — Arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سراخس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%8A%DD%A3" title="أفرسيݣ — Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="أفرسيݣ" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A3" title="ফাৰ্ণ — Asemijski" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ফাৰ্ণ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Asemijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filicopsida" title="Filicopsida — Asturijski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Filicopsida" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papartis" title="Papartis — Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Papartis" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pako" title="Pako — Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Pako" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paku" title="Paku — Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Paku" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8" title="ফার্ন — Bengalski" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ফার্ন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raden" title="Raden — Bretonski" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Raden" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bujad" title="Bujad — Bosanski" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Bujad" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falgueres" title="Falgueres — Katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Falgueres" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pako" title="Pako — Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Pako" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filetta_cumuna" title="Filetta cumuna — Korzikanski" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Filetta cumuna" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Korzikanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapra%C4%8Forosty" title="Kapraďorosty — Češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kapraďorosty" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhedynen" title="Rhedynen — Velški" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rhedynen" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Velški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farne" title="Farne — Nemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Farne" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Nemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CF%84%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B7" title="Φτέρη — Grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φτέρη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fern" title="Fern — Engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Fern" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filiko" title="Filiko — Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Filiko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filicopsida" title="Filicopsida — Španski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Filicopsida" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Španski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B5najalgtaimed" title="Sõnajalgtaimed — Estonski" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Sõnajalgtaimed" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iratze" title="Iratze — Baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Iratze" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%AE%D8%B3_(%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%87)" title="سرخس (گیاه) — Persijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سرخس (گیاه)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saniaiset" title="Saniaiset — Finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Saniaiset" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filicophyta" title="Filicophyta — Francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Filicophyta" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fearplanten" title="Fearplanten — Frizijski" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Fearplanten" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frizijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filicophyta" title="Filicophyta — Irski" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Filicophyta" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fento" title="Fento — Galski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Fento" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chach%C4%A9" title="Chachĩ — Gvarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Chachĩ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Gvarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renniagh" title="Renniagh — Manks" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Renniagh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D" title="שרכנים — Hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שרכנים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8" title="फर्न — Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="फर्न" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fouj%C3%A8" title="Foujè — Haićanski" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Foujè" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haićanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harasztok" title="Harasztok — Mađarski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Harasztok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Mađarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuhan_paku" title="Tumbuhan paku — Indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tumbuhan paku" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pako" title="Pako — Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pako" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filiko" title="Filiko — Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Filiko" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burknar" title="Burknar — Islandski" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Burknar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%80%E9%A1%9E" title="シダ類 — Japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="シダ類" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paku_pakis" title="Paku pakis — Javanski" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Paku pakis" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="გვიმრანაირნი — Gruzijski" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გვიმრანაირნი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Gruzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8B%D2%9B%D2%9B%D2%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%82%D3%99%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Қырыққұлақтәрізділер — Kozački" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қырыққұлақтәрізділер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kozački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A1" title="ಜರೀಗಿಡ — Kanada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜರೀಗಿಡ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kanada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%96%91%EC%B9%98%EB%A5%98" title="양치류 — Korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="양치류" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%88%D1%81%D1%8C%D3%A7%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ошсьӧктан — komi-permski" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Ошсьӧктан" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="komi-permski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redenen" title="Redenen — Korniški" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Redenen" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Korniški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Папоротник — Kirgiski" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Папоротник" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filix" title="Filix — Latinski" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Filix" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faren" title="Faren — Luksemburški" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Faren" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luksemburški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filis" title="Filis — Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Filis" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaarn" title="Vaarn — Limburgiš" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Vaarn" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgiš" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misili" title="Misili — Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Misili" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papart%C5%ABnai" title="Papartūnai — Litvanski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Papartūnai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litvanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papar%C5%BEaugi" title="Paparžaugi — Letonski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Paparžaugi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Папрат — Makedonski" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Папрат" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF" title="പന്നൽച്ചെടി — Malajalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പന്നൽച്ചെടി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malajalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%B9%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BB%D3%B1%D0%BB%D3%B9%D1%88%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%93" title="Кӹртнилӱлӹшвлӓ — Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Кӹртнилӱлӹшвлӓ" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paku_pakis" title="Paku pakis — Malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Paku pakis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Верьгизэнь пазава — Erzija" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Верьгизэнь пазава" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzija" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9vece" title="Févece — Neapolitanski" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Févece" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adderblad" title="Adderblad — donjosaksonski" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Adderblad" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="donjosaksonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82" title="उन्यू — Nepalski" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="उन्यू" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varens" title="Varens — Holandski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Varens" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Holandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bregne" title="Bregne — Norveški njorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bregne" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norveški njorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17506997 badge-featuredlist mw-list-item" title="istaknuti spisak"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bregner" title="Bregner — Norveški bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bregner" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norveški bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falgui%C3%A8ra" title="Falguièra — Provansalski" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Falguièra" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Provansalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karroolee" title="Karroolee — Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Karroolee" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Цил — Osetski" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Цил" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Osetski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paprocie" title="Paprocie — Poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Paprocie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samambaia" title="Samambaia — Portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Samambaia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raki-raki" title="Raki-raki — Kvenča" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Raki-raki" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Kvenča" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pteridofite" title="Pteridofite — Rumunski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pteridofite" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumunski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Папоротники — Ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Папоротники" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Ферн — Jakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Ферн" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Jakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fern" title="Fern — Škotski" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Fern" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Škotski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86" title="برسيان — Sindi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="برسيان" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A1iske%C5%A1attut" title="Gáiskešattut — Severni sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Gáiskešattut" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Severni sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fern" title="Fern — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Fern" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papra%C4%8Forasty_(vr%C3%A1tane_plav%C3%BA%C5%88orastov)" title="Papraďorasty (vrátane plavúňorastov) — Slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Papraďorasty (vrátane plavúňorastov)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praprotnice" title="Praprotnice — Slovenački" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Praprotnice" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiere" title="Fiere — Albanski" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Fiere" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Папрати — Srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Папрати" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutuwuhan_Paku" title="Tutuwuhan Paku — Sudanski" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Tutuwuhan Paku" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sudanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ormbunksv%C3%A4xter" title="Ormbunksväxter — Švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ormbunksväxter" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimbi_(ngeli_ya_mimea)" title="Jimbi (ngeli ya mimea) — Svahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Jimbi (ngeli ya mimea)" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Svahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="பன்னம் — Tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பன்னம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D2%B3%D0%BE" title="Сарахсҳо — Tađik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Сарахсҳо" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tađik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%99" title="เฟิร์น — Tajlandski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เฟิร์น" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Tajlandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pako" title="Pako — Tagalski" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pako" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BBakau_tengaefuefu" title="ʻakau tengaefuefu — Tonga" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="ʻakau tengaefuefu" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/E%C4%9Frelti" title="Eğrelti — Turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Eğrelti" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Абагасыманнар — Tatarski" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Абагасыманнар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%96" title="Папороті — Ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Папороті" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C3%A0nh_D%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_x%E1%BB%89" title="Ngành Dương xỉ — Vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ngành Dương xỉ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vijetnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fetchire" title="Fetchire — Valun" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Fetchire" 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data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E8%95%A8%E7%B6%B1" title="真蕨綱 — kantonski" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="真蕨綱" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q80005#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Uredi međujezične poveznice" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi veze</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Imenski prostori"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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href="/wiki/Posebno:Povezane_izmjene/Paprati" rel="nofollow" title="Prelistajte nedavne izmjene stranica koje su povezane s ovom [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Povezane izmjene</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Posebne_stranice" title="Pregledajte listu svih posebnih stranica [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Posebne stranice</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paprati&oldid=42222656" title="Nabavite trajnu vezu do ove verzije stranice"><span>Trajna veza</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paprati&action=info" title="Pronađite više informacija o ovoj stranici"><span>Podaci o stranici</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Citiraj&page=Paprati&id=42222656&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Saznajte kako da citirate ovu stranicu"><span>Citiraj stranicu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a 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href="/w/index.php?title=Paprati&printable=yes" title="Odštampajte ovu stranicu [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Odštampaj</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Na drugim projektima </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ferns" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q80005" title="Pogledajte povezanu stavku u skladištu podataka [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Stavka na Wikipodacima</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Pomagala"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Izgled"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Izgled</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">premjesti na bočnu traku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Izvor: Wikipedija</div> </div> <div id="contentSub" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"><div id="mw-content-subtitle" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: lightgreen">Paprati </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Polystichum_setiferum0.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Polystichum_setiferum0.jpg/250px-Polystichum_setiferum0.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Polystichum_setiferum0.jpg/375px-Polystichum_setiferum0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Polystichum_setiferum0.jpg/500px-Polystichum_setiferum0.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polystichum_setiferum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polystichum setiferum (stranica ne postoji)">Polystichum setiferum</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: lightgreen"><a href="/wiki/Sistematika" title="Sistematika">Naučna klasifikacija</a> </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Carstvo: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plantae" class="mw-redirect" title="Plantae">Plantae</a><br /><small></small> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Divizija: </td> <td><b>Pteridophyta</b><br /><small></small> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Paprati ili <a href="/wiki/Papratnica" title="Papratnica">papratnice</a> (razdeo Polypodiophyta)</b> pripadaju jednoj od najstarijih grupa <a href="/wiki/Nizina" title="Nizina">nižih</a> <a href="/wiki/Biljana_Plav%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Biljana Plavšić">biljaka</a> sa jasno izraženom semenom nespolne (<a href="/wiki/Sporofit" title="Sporofit">saprofit</a>) i spolne (<a href="/wiki/Gametofit" title="Gametofit">gametofit</a>) faze kao i jako krupnim listovima (<a href="/wiki/Makrofilija" title="Makrofilija">makrofilija</a>) i odsustvom sekundarne građe i <a href="/wiki/Seme" class="mw-redirect" title="Seme">semena</a>. Sporofit faza je izrazito dominantna i složenije građe u odnosu na gametofit generaciju. U <a href="/wiki/Karbon" class="mw-redirect" title="Karbon">karbonu</a> (periodu, pre oko 300 miliona godina) one su zajedno sa drvenastim rastavićima i drugim biljkama sa <a href="/wiki/Spora" class="mw-redirect" title="Spora">sporama</a> gradile velike vlažne šume, čiji <a href="/wiki/Fosil" title="Fosil">fosilni</a> ostaci sada predstavljaju naslage kamenog uglja. Fosilni ostaci papratnjača se nalaze i u stenama koje su stare nekoliko stotina miliona godina. </p><p>Većina paprati raste na tlu, na vlažnim, senovitim mestima, mada postoji mali broj vrsta koje se razvijaju na lišću i stabljikama drugih biljaka. Uglavnom su kopnene biljke, ali ima i papratnjača koje žive u vodi. Ima ih u skoro svim vlažnim krajevima naše zemlje. Danas su papratnjače zeljaste biljke kojih ima oko 12.000 vrsta, izuzev nekoliko vrsta koje su drvenaste kao što su tzv. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paprati_drve%C4%87e&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paprati drveće (stranica ne postoji)">paprati drveće</a> zastupljene samo u tropskim krajevima. </p><p>Papratnjače (sporofit generacija) su biljke koje mogu biti visoke i do 25 m, a njihovo drvenasto <a href="/wiki/Stablo" title="Stablo">stablo</a> može imati prečnik i do 50 cm. Pravi <a href="/wiki/Koren" class="mw-redirect" title="Koren">koren</a>, koji se razvija iz korenka klice, brzo prestaje sa rastom, pa njegovu ulogu preuzimaju <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adventivni_koren&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adventivni koren (stranica ne postoji)">adventivni korenovi</a> koji se razvijaju na podzemnom stablu. Stablo kod papratnjača može imati različit oblik i anatomsku građu i najčešće je kod zeljastih paprati uvučeno u zemlju. Ti <a href="/wiki/Rizom" title="Rizom">rizomi</a> mogu biti kao krtole. Masa listova dimenzije paprati, znatno su veće od mase i dimenzije stabla. Listovi mogu biti perasto urezani, perasto deljeni ili celi, a osnovno je da su jako krupni . Na njihovom naličju nalaze se <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sporangije&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sporangije (stranica ne postoji)">sporangije</a>, obično blizu glavnog nerva. Sporangije su u grupama-<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sorusi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sorusi (stranica ne postoji)">sorusima</a>. Kad sazri, sporangija puca i iz nje ispadaju spore. Spore papratnjača su haploidne, kao i gametofit koji se razvija iz njih. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Smena_generacija">Smena generacija</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paprati&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odjeljak Smena generacija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paprati&action=edit&section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Smena generacija"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Dixonia_prothallus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Dixonia_prothallus.jpg/220px-Dixonia_prothallus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Dixonia_prothallus.jpg/330px-Dixonia_prothallus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Dixonia_prothallus.jpg/440px-Dixonia_prothallus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1449" data-file-height="1134" /></a><figcaption>protalijum</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Alternation_of_generations_in_ferns.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Alternation_of_generations_in_ferns.svg/200px-Alternation_of_generations_in_ferns.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Alternation_of_generations_in_ferns.svg/300px-Alternation_of_generations_in_ferns.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Alternation_of_generations_in_ferns.svg/400px-Alternation_of_generations_in_ferns.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="565" data-file-height="503" /></a><figcaption>dijagram smene generacija</figcaption></figure> <p>Papratnjače se mogu razmnožavati vegetativno, pomoću podzemnih izdanaka, kada stariji delovi podzemnog izdanka izumru, mladi postanu samostalni i iz njih se razvijaju nove biljke. Ipak, kod većine papratnjača dolazi do smene generacija. </p><p>Posle niza mitotičkih deoba od <a href="/wiki/Zigot" title="Zigot">zigota</a> nastaje organizam čije su sve ćelije diploidne. U određenom delu života kod takvog organizma dolazi do redukcione deobe, pri čemu nastaju haploidne spore. Ovakav organizam stvara i nosi spore i pripada bespolnoj, sporofit generaciji. </p><p>Kod nekih paprati spore su iste (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Izospore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Izospore (stranica ne postoji)">izospore</a>) i iz njih se razvija dvopoln gametofit, dok su kod drugih različite (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Heterospore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heterospore (stranica ne postoji)">heterospore</a>). Među heterospšorama razlikuju se: </p> <ul><li>mikrospore, sićušne spore iz kojih se razvijaju muški gametofiti koji noce <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anteridije&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anteridije (stranica ne postoji)">anteridije</a></li> <li>megaspore, krupne spore iz kojih nastaju žeski gametofiti sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arhegonija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arhegonija (stranica ne postoji)">arhegonijama</a>.</li></ul> <p>Iz spora se razvija haploidna generacija organizama na kojima se obrazuju gametangije i gameti. Organizam ove, polne generacije je gametofit i on stvara i nosi gamete. Gametofiti žive na površini tla i oni su zeleni, sitni i mogu biti srcoliki, pločasti, nitasti itd. Gametofit papratnjača se naziva <a href="/w/index.php?title=Protalijum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protalijum (stranica ne postoji)">protalijum</a> koji je za tlo pričvršćen velikim brojem rizoida (ćelija koje su izdužene kao korenske dlake i koje imaju istu funkciju). </p><p>Za oplođenje kod papratnjača neophodno je prisustvo slobodne vode, kako bi sitni i pokretni spermatozoidi stigli do jajne ćelije koja je nepokretna. Zigot nastaje iz oplođene jajne ćelije, a iz njega se razvija diploidna klica iz koje nastaje diploidni sporofit, čime se ciklus ponavlja. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Galerija">Galerija</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paprati&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odjeljak Galerija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paprati&action=edit&section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Galerija"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="infobox sisterproject" style="width: 300px"> <div style="float: left;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pteridophyta" title="commons:Category:Pteridophyta"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left: 20px;"><i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pteridophyta" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Pteridophyta">Paprati</a></b></i> na <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Glavna_stranica_-_%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="commons:Glavna stranica - Главна страница">Wikimedijinoj ostavi</a> </div> </div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Fern.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Blechnum nudum"><img alt="Blechnum nudum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Fern.jpg/120px-Fern.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Fern.jpg/180px-Fern.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Fern.jpg/240px-Fern.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="880" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Blechnum nudum</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Tree_Fern.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Tree_Fern.jpg/104px-Tree_Fern.jpg" decoding="async" width="104" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Tree_Fern.jpg/156px-Tree_Fern.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Tree_Fern.jpg/207px-Tree_Fern.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="347" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Fern02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dicksonia antarctica"><img alt="Dicksonia antarctica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Fern02.jpg/120px-Fern02.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Fern02.jpg/180px-Fern02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Fern02.jpg/240px-Fern02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Dicksonia antarctica</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Dicksonia_antarctica_in_Nunniong,_Australia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dicksonia antarctica"><img alt="Dicksonia antarctica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Dicksonia_antarctica_in_Nunniong%2C_Australia.jpg/120px-Dicksonia_antarctica_in_Nunniong%2C_Australia.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Dicksonia_antarctica_in_Nunniong%2C_Australia.jpg/180px-Dicksonia_antarctica_in_Nunniong%2C_Australia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Dicksonia_antarctica_in_Nunniong%2C_Australia.jpg/240px-Dicksonia_antarctica_in_Nunniong%2C_Australia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Dicksonia antarctica</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Oaxaca_fern.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Oaxaca_fern.jpg/98px-Oaxaca_fern.jpg" decoding="async" width="98" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Oaxaca_fern.jpg/147px-Oaxaca_fern.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Oaxaca_fern.jpg/195px-Oaxaca_fern.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="1350" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Tree_Fern_Spores.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="sorusi"><img alt="sorusi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Tree_Fern_Spores.jpg/96px-Tree_Fern_Spores.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Tree_Fern_Spores.jpg/145px-Tree_Fern_Spores.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Tree_Fern_Spores.jpg/193px-Tree_Fern_Spores.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1867" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">sorusi</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Fern-leaf-oliv.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Fern-leaf-oliv.jpg/120px-Fern-leaf-oliv.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Fern-leaf-oliv.jpg/180px-Fern-leaf-oliv.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Fern-leaf-oliv.jpg/240px-Fern-leaf-oliv.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1952" data-file-height="1470" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Fern_leaves.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Fern_leaves.jpg/120px-Fern_leaves.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Fern_leaves.jpg/180px-Fern_leaves.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Fern_leaves.jpg/240px-Fern_leaves.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3039" data-file-height="2014" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatura">Literatura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paprati&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odjeljak Literatura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paprati&action=edit&section=3" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Literatura"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Jelena Pantić, seminarski rad <i>Papratnjače</i>, Medicinska škola, Požarevac, 2007.</li> <li>Jančić, R.: Botanika farmaceutika, Sl. list SCG, Beograd, 2004.</li> <li>Kojić, M: Botanika, Naučna knjiga, Beograd, 1989.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vanjske_veze">Vanjske veze</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paprati&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odjeljak Vanjske veze" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paprati&action=edit&section=4" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Vanjske veze"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bionet-skola.com/w/Paprati">Bio Net Škola</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100318071855/http://www.bionet-skola.com/w/Paprati">Arhivirano</a> 2010-03-18 na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine-u</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wikinfo.org/index.php/Jadranske_paprati">Južne primorske paprati uz Jadran</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ontarioferns.com">Ontario Ferns</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tolweb.org/tree?group=Filicopsida&contgroup=Embryophytes">Tree of Life Web Project: Filicopsida</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090114115915/http://tolweb.org/tree?group=Filicopsida&contgroup=Embryophytes">Arhivirano</a> 2009-01-14 na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine-u</a></li> <li>A classification of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.anbg.gov.au/fern/taxa/classification.html">ferns and their allies</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304060354/http://www.anbg.gov.au/fern/taxa/classification.html">Arhivirano</a> 2016-03-04 na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine-u</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jaknouse.athens.oh.us/ferns/bookfern.html">A fern book bibliography</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.akira.ne.jp/~unzen/pteridophyta.html">Register of fossil Pteridophyta</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080509142839/http://www1.akira.ne.jp/~unzen/pteridophyta.html">Arhivirano</a> 2008-05-09 na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine-u</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://delta-intkey.com/britfe/">L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (2004 onwards). The Ferns (Filicopsida) of the British Isles.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303183034/http://delta-intkey.com/britfe/">Arhivirano</a> 2016-03-03 na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine-u</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages/pages/non-seed-plants.htm">Non-seed plant images at bioimages.vanderbilt.edu</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120512162340/http://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages/pages/non-seed-plants.htm">Arhivirano</a> 2012-05-12 na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine-u</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr">Izvor: <a dir="ltr" href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paprati&oldid=42222656">https://sh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paprati&oldid=42222656</a></div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Kategorije" title="Posebno:Kategorije">Kategorije</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Paprati" title="Kategorija:Paprati">Paprati</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Biljke" title="Kategorija:Biljke">Biljke</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Sakrivena kategorija: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Kategorija:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ova stranica je posljednji put izmijenjena 30. septembra 2024. u 17:27.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst je dostupan pod licencom <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike</a>; mogu se primijeniti i dodatni uslovi. 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