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<li id="toc-Early_years_(1929–1935)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_years_(1929–1935)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early years (1929–1935)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_years_(1929–1935)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Post-World War II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-US_assistance_and_transition_to_the_jet_age" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#US_assistance_and_transition_to_the_jet_age"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>US assistance and transition to the jet age</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-US_assistance_and_transition_to_the_jet_age-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ethiopian-Somali_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethiopian-Somali_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>Ethiopian-Somali War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethiopian-Somali_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shift_to_the_Eastern_bloc" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shift_to_the_Eastern_bloc"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.3</span> <span>Shift to the Eastern bloc</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shift_to_the_Eastern_bloc-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Derg_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Derg_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.4</span> <span>The Derg years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Derg_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-After_1991" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#After_1991"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>After 1991</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-After_1991-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tigray_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tigray_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>Tigray War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tigray_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organisation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organisation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Organisation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organisation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air_bases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air_bases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Air bases</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air_bases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aircraft" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aircraft"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Aircraft</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Aircraft-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Aircraft subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Aircraft-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Current_inventory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_inventory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Current inventory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_inventory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Retired_aircraft" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Retired_aircraft"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Retired aircraft</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Retired_aircraft-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Major_incidents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_incidents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Major incidents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major_incidents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roundels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roundels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Roundels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roundels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Aerial military force of Ethiopia</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Ethiopian Air Force</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="Amharic-language text"><span lang="am">የኢትዮጵያ አየር ኃይል</span></span></li><li><span title="Amharic-language romanization"><i lang="am-Latn">Ye-Ītyōṗṗyā āyer ḫayili</i></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ethiopian_Air_Force_emblem.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Ethiopian_Air_Force_emblem.svg/220px-Ethiopian_Air_Force_emblem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Ethiopian_Air_Force_emblem.svg/330px-Ethiopian_Air_Force_emblem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Ethiopian_Air_Force_emblem.svg/440px-Ethiopian_Air_Force_emblem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="480" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Emblem of the Ethiopian Air Force</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">19 August 1929<span class="noprint">; 95 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1929-08-19</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Air_force" title="Air force">Air force</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Role</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Aerial_warfare" title="Aerial warfare">Aerial warfare</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Size</th><td class="infobox-data">5,000 personnel</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_National_Defense_Force" title="Ethiopian National Defense Force">Ethiopian National Defense Force</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Equipment</th><td class="infobox-data">112+ aircraft<sup id="cite_ref-World_Air_Forces_2023_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-World_Air_Forces_2023-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Engagements</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gugsa_Wale%27s_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Gugsa Wale's Rebellion">Gugsa Wale's Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Italo-Ethiopian_War" title="Second Italo-Ethiopian War">Second Italo-Ethiopian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_War_of_Independence" title="Eritrean War of Independence">Eritrean War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Ethiopian-Somali_Border_War" class="mw-redirect" title="1964 Ethiopian-Somali Border War">1964 Ethiopian-Somali Border War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Civil_War" title="Ethiopian Civil War">Ethiopian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogaden_War" title="Ogaden War">Ogaden War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Ethiopian-Somali_Border_War" class="mw-redirect" title="1982 Ethiopian-Somali Border War">1982 Ethiopian-Somali Border War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian-Eritrean_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethiopian-Eritrean War">Ethiopian-Eritrean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigray_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Tigray War">Tigray War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OLA_insurgency" title="OLA insurgency">OLA insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Amhara" title="War in Amhara">War in Amhara</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Commander-in-chief" title="Commander-in-chief">Supreme Commander</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/President_of_Ethiopia" title="President of Ethiopia">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Taye_Atske_Selassie" title="Taye Atske Selassie">Taye Atske Selassie</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Commander-in-chief" title="Commander-in-chief">Commander-in-chief</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Ethiopia" title="Prime Minister of Ethiopia">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Abiy_Ahmed" title="Abiy Ahmed">Abiy Ahmed</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_General_Staff_(Ethiopia)" title="Chief of General Staff (Ethiopia)">Chief of General Staff</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Generalfeldmarschall" title="Generalfeldmarschall">Field Marshal General</a> <a href="/wiki/Birhanu_Jula" title="Birhanu Jula">Birhanu Jula</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_General_Staff_(Ethiopia)" title="Chief of General Staff (Ethiopia)">Deputy Chief of General Staff</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/General" class="mw-redirect" title="General">General</a> <a href="/wiki/Abebaw_Tadesse" title="Abebaw Tadesse">Abebaw Tadesse</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Ethiopian_Air_Force" title="Commander of the Ethiopian Air Force">Chief of the Air Force</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant General">Lieutenant General</a> Yilma Merdasa<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Ethiopian_Air_Force" title="Commander of the Ethiopian Air Force">Deputy Chief of the Air Force</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Brigadier_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Brigadier General">Brigadier General</a> Tesfaye Legesse</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Insignia</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Military_aircraft_insignia" title="Military aircraft insignia">Roundel</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:New_roundel_of_Ethiopia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/New_roundel_of_Ethiopia.svg/80px-New_roundel_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/New_roundel_of_Ethiopia.svg/120px-New_roundel_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/New_roundel_of_Ethiopia.svg/160px-New_roundel_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="602" data-file-height="602" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Flag</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ethiopian_Air_Force_flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Ethiopian_Air_Force_flag.svg/160px-Ethiopian_Air_Force_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Ethiopian_Air_Force_flag.svg/240px-Ethiopian_Air_Force_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Ethiopian_Air_Force_flag.svg/320px-Ethiopian_Air_Force_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Aircraft flown</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Attack_aircraft" title="Attack aircraft">Attack</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Su-25" class="mw-redirect" title="Su-25">Su-25</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mil_Mi-24" title="Mil Mi-24">Mil Mi-24</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mil_Mi-35" class="mw-redirect" title="Mil Mi-35">Mil Mi-35</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Fighter_aircraft" title="Fighter aircraft">Fighter</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/MiG-21" class="mw-redirect" title="MiG-21">MiG-21</a>, <a href="/wiki/MiG-23" class="mw-redirect" title="MiG-23">MiG-23</a>, <a href="/wiki/Su-27" class="mw-redirect" title="Su-27">Su-27</a>, <a href="/wiki/Su-30" class="mw-redirect" title="Su-30">Su-30</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Trainer_(aircraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trainer (aircraft)">Trainer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Aermacchi_SF-260" class="mw-redirect" title="Aermacchi SF-260">Aermacchi SF-260</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aero_L-39_Albatros" title="Aero L-39 Albatros">Aero L-39 Albatros</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grob_G_120TP" title="Grob G 120TP">Grob G 120TP</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Cargo_aircraft" title="Cargo aircraft">Transport</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Antonov_An-12" title="Antonov An-12">Antonov An-12</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antonov_An-26" title="Antonov An-26">Antonov An-26</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_C-130_Hercules" title="Lockheed C-130 Hercules">Lockheed C-130 Hercules</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mil_Mi-8" title="Mil Mi-8">Mil Mi-8</a></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Military unit</div> <p>The <b>Ethiopian Air Force</b> (<b>ETAF</b>) (<a href="/wiki/Amharic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Amharic language">Amharic</a>: <span lang="am">የኢትዮጵያ አየር ኃይል</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Amharic" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Amharic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Amharic-language romanization"><i lang="am-Latn">Ye-Ītyōṗṗyā āyer ḫayil</i></span>) is the <a href="/wiki/Aerial_warfare" title="Aerial warfare">air</a> <a href="/wiki/Military_branch" title="Military branch">service branch</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_National_Defence_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethiopian National Defence Force">Ethiopian National Defence Force</a>. The ETAF is tasked with protecting the national air space, providing support to ground forces, as well as assisting civil operations during war. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_Air_Force&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_years_(1929–1935)"><span id="Early_years_.281929.E2.80.931935.29"></span>Early years (1929–1935)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_Air_Force&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early years (1929–1935)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Potez_25_1_(MAE).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Potez_25_1_%28MAE%29.JPG/220px-Potez_25_1_%28MAE%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Potez_25_1_%28MAE%29.JPG/330px-Potez_25_1_%28MAE%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Potez_25_1_%28MAE%29.JPG/440px-Potez_25_1_%28MAE%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Potez 25 biplane typical of aircraft available during the beginnings of the Ethiopian Air Force.</figcaption></figure> <p>The origins of the Ethiopian Air Force has been traced to (then <a href="/wiki/Ras_(title)" title="Ras (title)">Ras</a>) <a href="/wiki/Haile_Selassie" title="Haile Selassie">Haile Selassie</a> witnessing a show of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British</a> <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a> in November 1922, in <a href="/wiki/Aden" title="Aden">Aden</a>. Having never seen an airplane before, he was captivated by this demonstration of their power and abilities, and spontaneously asked if he could go up in one of the <a href="/wiki/Biplane" title="Biplane">biplanes</a>, proclaiming that it was "very fitting that he, as regent of Abyssinia should be the first Abyssinian to take flight in an aeroplane." As a result of this experience, he advocated the development of the Imperial Ethiopian Air Force.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This small air arm began with the delivery of a <a href="/wiki/Potez_25" title="Potez 25">Potez 25</a>-A2 to the capital <a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a> on 18 August 1929. A <a href="/wiki/Junkers_W_33" title="Junkers W 33">Junkers W 33c</a> followed on 5 September. The Ethiopian Air Force was organized by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mishka_Babitchef&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mishka Babitchef (page does not exist)">Mishka Babitchef</a>, the first Ethiopian pilot, who was of Russian descent. </p><p>On 31 March 1930, three of the biplanes from Ethiopia's air arm played a dramatic role in a battle between Haile Selassie (not yet crowned Emperor) and conservative forces seeking to oust him. During the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Anchem" title="Battle of Anchem">Battle of Anchem</a>, biplanes were effectively used to give Haile Selassie's forces the upper hand. </p><p>A few transport aircraft were also acquired during 1934–35 for ambulance work. The air force was commanded by Colonel <a href="/wiki/John_Robinson_(aviator)" title="John Robinson (aviator)">John Robinson</a> (African-American, took command May 1935), recruited by Haile Selassie, and who remained until the <a href="/wiki/Italian_East_Africa" title="Italian East Africa">Italian occupation of Ethiopia</a> when the small air arm ceased to exist.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>2 × <a href="/wiki/Beechcraft_Staggerwing" class="mw-redirect" title="Beechcraft Staggerwing">Beechcraft Staggerwing</a></li> <li>1 × <a href="/wiki/Breda_Ba.15" title="Breda Ba.15">Breda Ba.15</a></li> <li>1 × <a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_DH.60_Moth" title="De Havilland DH.60 Moth">de Havilland DH.60 Moth</a></li> <li>1 × <a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Dragon" title="De Havilland Dragon">de Havilland Dragon</a> (Red Cross)</li> <li>1 × <a href="/w/index.php?title=Farman_192&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Farman 192 (page does not exist)">Farman 192</a> c/n?</li> <li>1 × <a href="/wiki/Farman_F.190" title="Farman F.190">Farman F.190</a> converted to F192 by engine change, c/n?</li> <li>1 × <a href="/wiki/Fiat_AS-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiat AS-1">Fiat AS-1</a>, lost in accident 1930</li> <li>2 × <a href="/wiki/Fokker_F.VII" title="Fokker F.VII">Fokker F.VIIa</a> (Named "Abba Dagnew" and "Abba Kagnew". The latter was used as ambulance)</li> <li>1 × Fokker F.VIIb/3m (used as Hailé Sélassié's personal transport, and for missions by the Red Cross)</li> <li>1 × <a href="/wiki/Heinkel_HD.21" class="mw-redirect" title="Heinkel HD.21">Heinkel HD.21</a> (Red Cross)</li> <li>1 × <a href="/wiki/Junkers_W33" class="mw-redirect" title="Junkers W33">Junkers W33c</a> (acquired in 1929).</li> <li>6 × <a href="/wiki/Potez_25" title="Potez 25">Potez 25</a>A-2</li> <li>1 × <a href="/w/index.php?title=Meindl_van_Nes_A.VII&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meindl van Nes A.VII (page does not exist)">Meindl van Nes A.VII</a> <i>Ethiopia 1</i>.</li> <li>1 <a href="/wiki/Breda_Ba.25" title="Breda Ba.25">Breda Ba.25</a>.</li> <li>1 Breda Ba.28.</li> <li>2 <a href="/wiki/Breguet_XIX" class="mw-redirect" title="Breguet XIX">Breguet XIX</a>.</li></ul> <p><b>Notable pilots of the Imperial Ethiopian Air Force (1929–1936)</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andr%C3%A9_Maillet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="André Maillet (page does not exist)">André Maillet</a> (French)</li> <li>Gaston Vedel</li> <li>Baron von Engel (German)</li> <li>Comte Schatzberg</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Julian" title="Hubert Julian">Hubert Julian</a></li> <li>Mishka Babitcheff (Ethiopian)</li> <li>Bahru Kaba (Ethiopian)</li> <li>Asfaw Ali (Ethiopian)</li> <li>Tesfaye (Ethiopian)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Robinson_(aviator)" title="John Robinson (aviator)">John Robinson</a> (African-American, took command May 1935)</li> <li>Thierry Maignal</li> <li>Ludwig Weber (Agent of <a href="/wiki/Junkers" title="Junkers">Junkers</a> in Addis Ababa and personal pilot of Hailé Sélassié), supervised the construction of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Weber_Meindl_van_Nes_A.VII&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Weber Meindl van Nes A.VII (page does not exist)">Weber Meindl van Nes A.VII</a> <i>Ethiopia 1</i> which was a highly modified version of the de Havilland DH.60 Moth</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Gustaf_von_Rosen" title="Carl Gustaf von Rosen">Count Carl Gustaf von Rosen</a> (with the Red Cross, he flew the Heinkel HD.21)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-World_War_II">Post-World War II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_Air_Force&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Post-World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the liberation of Ethiopia, the country started reorganizing the embryonic air force that had existed prior to the <a href="/wiki/Second_Italo-Ethiopian_War" title="Second Italo-Ethiopian War">Italian invasion</a>, commanded by Colonel <a href="/wiki/John_Robinson_(aviator)" title="John Robinson (aviator)">John Robinson</a> (<a href="/wiki/African-American" class="mw-redirect" title="African-American">African-American</a>). In 1944, a group of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> African-American veterans set up a flying school at <a href="/wiki/Lideta_Army_Airport" title="Lideta Army Airport">Lideta airport</a> in <a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a>. The nation acquired a few aircraft through military aid from the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>; and the school had some 75 students by 1946.<sup id="cite_ref-Hellstrom-2_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hellstrom-2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As neither the United States nor the United Kingdom was interested in providing assistance, Ethiopia turned to <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> to help create a modern air arm (<i>see <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Sweden_relations" title="Ethiopia–Sweden relations">Ethiopia–Sweden relations</a></i>). The Swedes agreed to provide assistance and <a href="/wiki/Carl_Gustaf_von_Rosen" title="Carl Gustaf von Rosen">Carl Gustaf von Rosen</a> was appointed as the chief instructor of the newly re-formed Imperial Ethiopian Air Force (IEAF).<sup id="cite_ref-Hellstrom-2_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hellstrom-2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Swedish contingent played a critical role in setting up a solid foundation. It sent <a href="/wiki/Saab_91_Safir" title="Saab 91 Safir">Safir trainers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saab_17" title="Saab 17">B-17A</a> light bombers from Sweden, and the Ethiopian government acquired <a href="/wiki/C-47_Skytrain" class="mw-redirect" title="C-47 Skytrain">C-47 Skytrain</a> transport aircraft from the United States to equip the flight training, bomber, and transport squadrons, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-Hellstrom-2_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hellstrom-2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1951, the IEAF formed its first fighter/attack squadron by acquiring <a href="/wiki/Fairey_Firefly" title="Fairey Firefly">Fairey Firefly</a> fighters from the United Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="US_assistance_and_transition_to_the_jet_age">US assistance and transition to the jet age</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_Air_Force&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: US assistance and transition to the jet age"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1953, a military agreement was entered between the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and Ethiopia for a military assistance program (<i>see <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Ethiopia–United States relations">Ethiopia–United States relations</a></i>). It aimed to provide Ethiopia with a capable military force for defensive purposes. The <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Defense_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Defense (United States)">Department of Defense</a> sent a team to undertake a comprehensive study of Ethiopian capabilities, requirements, and probable threats facing Ethiopia. </p><p>The Ethiopian Air Force benefited immensely from the program. The US Air Force sent a team of officers and NCOs led by a colonel to assess the force and provide recommendations as part of the <a href="/wiki/Military_Assistance_Advisory_Group" title="Military Assistance Advisory Group">Military Assistance Advisory Group</a> studying Ethiopian Armed Forces comprehensively. The IEAF was to be reorganized and adopt US-style operating procedures. Emphasis was given to building up training institutions. Numerous Ethiopian personnel was sent to the US for training, including 25 Ethiopian pilots for jet training, and many more were trained locally by US Defense personnel.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1957, the first three of several <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_T-33_Shooting_Star" class="mw-redirect" title="Lockheed T-33 Shooting Star">Lockheed T-33 Shooting Star</a> jet trainers were supplied followed by <a href="/wiki/North_American_F-86_Sabre" title="North American F-86 Sabre">North American F-86 Sabre</a> fighters in 1960. In 1961, <a href="/wiki/T-28_Trojan" class="mw-redirect" title="T-28 Trojan">T-28 Trojans</a> were acquired for advanced training.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This influx of equipment and training made the IEAF, in the opinion of historian Bahru Zewde, "the most prestigious show-piece of American aid in Ethiopia. It was also reputedly the most modern and efficient unit of the armed forces."<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1964, the Somalis began receiving large quantities of weaponry, ground equipment, and <a href="/wiki/MiG-17" class="mw-redirect" title="MiG-17">MiG-17</a> fighters from the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> (<i>see <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Ethiopia–Russia relations">Ethiopia–Russia relations</a></i>). In response, the US started delivering the supersonic <a href="/wiki/F-5A" class="mw-redirect" title="F-5A">F-5A</a> jet fighters in 1965 to counter this new threat. However, it was careful not to escalate the situation further. The US delivered the F-5As without providing major weapon systems for the aircraft, the ability to use air-to-air missiles.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, the delivery of F-5As had serious implications in the <a href="/wiki/Horn_of_Africa" title="Horn of Africa">Horn of Africa</a> because no neighboring country had anything similar to this new jet fighter. The Somalis were furious and described the F-5A transfer as a grave threat to the security of the Somali people and the rest of the <a href="/wiki/Horn_of_Africa" title="Horn of Africa">Horn</a>. In 1976, the US agreed to supply more advanced <a href="/wiki/F-5E" class="mw-redirect" title="F-5E">F-5Es</a> along with <a href="/w/index.php?title=AIM-9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AIM-9B (page does not exist)">AIM-9B</a> sidewinder missiles after the Soviets delivered <a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-21" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21">Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21</a> fighters to Somalia. The F-5E aircraft destined for Ethiopia was never delivered and was stored at Williams AFB, Arizona during the <a href="/wiki/Ogaden_War" title="Ogaden War">Ogaden War</a> 1977–1978. </p><p>Although the United States trained the air force during Emperor Haile Selassie's reign and supplied new <a href="/wiki/Northrop_F-5" title="Northrop F-5">F-5</a> jets in April 1966, the Ethiopians restructured their air force that same year based on an <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">Israeli Defense Force</a> military program provided by <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1977, Nos 1 and 2 Squadrons of the Ethiopian Air Force converted from the F-86 to the MiG-21, and No. 33 Operational Conversion Unit from the T-33A to the MiG-21UM and MiG-21MF; a year later, No. 3 Squadron converted from the F-86 to the <a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-23" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23">Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23</a>BN "Flogger."<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1980, No. 5 Squadron converted from F-86s to the MiG-21bis. Years later, all four squadrons, and 33 OCU, were reported to be based at <a href="/wiki/Debre_Zeit" class="mw-redirect" title="Debre Zeit">Debre Zeit</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ethiopian-Somali_War">Ethiopian-Somali War</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_Air_Force&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Ethiopian-Somali War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ogaden_War" title="Ogaden War">Ogaden War</a></div> <p>After its independence in 1960, Somalia started making claims to all of its precolonial territories that were occupied by France, British and disputed lands with Ethiopia. However, the majority of the land claimed was in Ethiopia which made it Somalia's main target. After failing to get support within the <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_African_Unity" class="mw-redirect" title="Organization of African Unity">Organization of African Unity</a>, Somalia declared war on Ethiopia in 1964.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Somali forces launched their attack at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Togochale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Togochale (page does not exist)">Togochale</a>, a border town east of <a href="/wiki/Jijiga" title="Jijiga">Jijiga</a>, but the <a href="/wiki/Derg" title="Derg">Derg</a> at the time had killed most of the nation's most-able generals and its army was hampered down with civil wars across Ethiopia and the province of Eritrea, and therefore was no match to the air forces of Somalia well-equipped by the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>. </p><p>The brief conflict provided the IEAF with valuable experience. Lessons learned included the need for heavy bombers, an air defense complex, a secure and reliable communication system, and better coordination with ground forces. As a result, <a href="/wiki/English_Electric_Canberra" title="English Electric Canberra">Canberra</a> bombers and air defense radars were acquired from Great Britain and the US respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1974, popular unrest against Emperor Haile Selassie led to a military coup. The military then formed a committee from within, known as the <a href="/wiki/Derg" title="Derg">Derg</a>, dominated by junior officers and NCOs. Shortly after, it executed 60 top civilian and distinguished military officials and imprisoned many others.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, the Derg forced out many career military officers it was suspicious of and killed others. The army was in shambles and the country was engulfed in political turmoil. It was during this moment the Somalis believed it was their best chance to launch the <a href="/wiki/Ogaden_War" title="Ogaden War">a massive invasion</a> in 1977. </p><p>Already alarmed at the increasing noise the Somalis were making, the Derg government had managed to convince the <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Ford</a> administration to provide Ethiopia with F-5Es in 1975.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first batch of six pilots were sent to <a href="/wiki/Williams_Air_Force_Base" title="Williams Air Force Base">Williams Air Force Base</a> in Arizona for conversion and tactical fighter training in August 1976. However, further training of pilots and delivery of aircraft was stopped after <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">President Carter</a> cut off all arms supplies in protest of the Derg's human rights violations.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Using the eight F-5Es as interceptors, F-5As for close air support, and Canberra for heavy bombing, the ETAF overwhelmed the <a href="/wiki/Somali_Air_Force" title="Somali Air Force">Somali Air Force</a>. Throughout the war, it also conducted strikes against several targets deep inside Somalia, including the repeated bombings of the Somali Air Force's northern main operating base at <a href="/wiki/Hargeisa" title="Hargeisa">Hargeisa</a> and long range attack on the <a href="/wiki/Berbera" title="Berbera">Berbera</a>. </p><p>The ETAF lost three F-5Es to ground fire and one C-47 transport plane to a MIG-17 while one Canberra was flown by a defecting pilot to Somalia. Another Canberra was lost due to a mechanical problem deep inside Ethiopia after it suffered hits from a ground attack. Two F-5E pilots as well as the C-47 crew were captured by the Somalis while one F-5E pilot was rescued by helicopter. One of the F-5E pilots captured was <a href="/w/index.php?title=Legesse_Tefera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Legesse Tefera (page does not exist)">Legesse Tefera</a> (died 5 October 2016), credited with six (or 7) Somali MiG kills, making him the most successful F-5 pilot ever.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His F-5E was shot down while overflying an area thought to be in control by Ethiopian forces. He was captured by the local Somali population and was turned over to then Somali army commander of the region, Colonel <a href="/wiki/Abdullahi_Yusuf" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdullahi Yusuf">Abdullahi Yusuf</a>, and held prisoner for over 10 years.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Colonel Abdullahi Yusuf later became President of Somalia. The other captured F-5E pilot, Afework Kidanu, died while in captivity in Somalia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Shift_to_the_Eastern_bloc">Shift to the Eastern bloc</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_Air_Force&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Shift to the Eastern bloc"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While the ETAF's role was critical in stopping the advance of the Somali forces, the ground forces were not ready for offensive operations to expel the Somalis from the area they controlled. The army was short in equipment of all sorts, and after the <a href="/wiki/Derg" title="Derg">Derg</a> acquired power United States President <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> cut off all military aid to Ethiopia. Desperate, the Derg regime turned to the Soviets for help. The Soviet Union, which was providing assistance to Somalia, switched sides and agreed to provide substantial economic and military aid that proved to be decisive. As a result, the Air Force received a large number of aircraft for fighter, helicopter, transport roles.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Cubans provided 17,000 troops to support the Ethiopian forces. Included were Cuban pilots who flew the newly Soviet-supplied MiG-21s. </p><p>In the 1980s, non-Soviet aircraft were also acquired. Several <a href="/wiki/Aero_L-39_Albatros" title="Aero L-39 Albatros">L-39C</a> jets were acquired from <a href="/wiki/History_of_Czechoslovakia_(1948%E2%80%931989)" title="History of Czechoslovakia (1948–1989)">Czechoslovakia</a> for jet transition training. In addition, <a href="/wiki/Aermacchi_SF.260" class="mw-redirect" title="Aermacchi SF.260">SF-260TP</a> trainers were acquired from <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> in two batches to replace the aging Safirs, and two L-100 Hercules transport aircraft, the civilian version of the military <a href="/wiki/C-130_Hercules" class="mw-redirect" title="C-130 Hercules">C-130 Hercules</a> transport, were acquired through <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Airlines" title="Ethiopian Airlines">Ethiopian Airlines</a> (<i>see <a href="/w/index.php?title=Czechoslovakia-Ethiopia_relations&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Czechoslovakia-Ethiopia relations (page does not exist)">Czechoslovakia-Ethiopia relations</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia-Italy_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethiopia-Italy relations">Ethiopia-Italy relations</a></i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_Derg_years">The Derg years</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_Air_Force&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: The Derg years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Ethiopian_Air_Force" title="Special:EditPage/Ethiopian Air Force">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>While its performance during the war with Somalia saved the ETAF from the purges inflicted on the army and nearly every other institution in the country, the Derg was determined to keep a close eye on it. To increase its control, the Derg created a three-man committee constituting the force commander, political commissar, and representative from the security service to oversee the air force. In addition, adhering to Soviet advice, the ETAF's organization was replaced by a Soviet-style regimental structure. </p><p>The Soviet influence had a major impact on the ETAF. The Soviets offered to train all pilots at a joint training center for all their satellite states leaving the ETAF responsible only for operational training. They also offered to train engineers at their schools. Expecting to realize enormous cost savings, the ETAF accepted the offer. As a result, both the flying school and Air Academy were closed in 1980 and all recruits were sent to the Soviet Union after passing aptitude test examination and medical screening. </p><p>Dissatisfied with the Soviet-provided training, the ETAF re-activated both its flight training school and Air Academy in 1984. SF260TP propeller aircraft for primary screening and L-39 jets for jet-transition training was acquired from Italy and Czechoslovakia respectively. The Air Academy was reopened using civilian instructors with degree programs in aeronautical engineering, aeronautical administration, and electrical engineering. </p><p>This period witnessed the decline of the ETAF's maintenance and engineering centers. Unlike the Americans, the Soviets were unwilling to transfer technical know-how. They insisted that every major repair work be undertaken by them in the Soviet Union. In addition to the logistical nightmare, the cost was prohibitive for the air force already financially stretched supporting the ground forces in the raging civil war. The Soviets relented and agreed to set up a depot-level maintenance, repair, and overhaul center after the Derg regime took up the matter with the Soviet leadership. However, lack of finance hindered the progress and only minimal work was done by 1991. The project was restarted in 1995 and formally inaugurated in 2004. </p><p>The Derg years saw the ETAF embroiled in the <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Civil_War" title="Ethiopian Civil War">civil war</a>. The ETAF played a critical role in the Derg's war effort in the north. It was the main stumbling block the rebels faced from achieving total victory. However, in the late 1980s, many in the air force began questioning the prosecution of the war. Following a <a href="/wiki/1989_Ethiopian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="1989 Ethiopian coup d'état attempt">failed coup in 1989</a>, in which the ETAF's top leaders participated, its high command was decimated with arrests and executions. As a result, the ETAF was suffering from low morale and serious internal rifts. Pilots were defecting in increasing numbers to neighboring countries. The situation on the ground was also becoming hopeless. Eventually, the forces of the <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_People%27s_Revolutionary_Democratic_Front" title="Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front">Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front</a> (EPRDF) overran the Derg's army and took control of the country in 1991. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="After_1991">After 1991</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_Air_Force&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: After 1991"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Ethiopian_Air_Force" title="Special:EditPage/Ethiopian Air Force">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The change of events that followed had a tremendous impact on the ETAF. In 1991, the Soviet-backed Derg regime was deposed by EPRDF rebel forces. The EPRDF ordered all members of the military, including those of the ETAF, to report to detention camps set up throughout the country. The EPRDF started reorganizing the air force soon after taking power. Shortly after taking complete control of the country, it selected about 50 officers and NCOs from the rehabilitation camps to reactivate a transport wing. In addition, more pilots and ground crew were returned to bring back the assets that were flown to neighboring countries by fleeing pilots in the final days of the Derg. </p><p>The EPRDF government was cognizant of the critical role of airpower, having experienced it first hand during its long war with Derg. It set up a new high command which included senior EPRDF military commanders and former members of the ETAF who have previously joined the EPRDF. Its primary task was to restore the ETAF to operational status. </p><p>In August 1992, the flying school was reopened and training of cadets was resumed. As a result, many of the instructor pilots under the Derg regime were allowed to return. In addition, senior EPRDF commanders assigned to the high command were sent abroad for staff training. The first batch of pilot trainees graduated in June 1995 which continued yearly afterward. However, the early period was fraught with much friction and mistrust between the retained personnel from the former Derg regime and the EPRDF military commanders assigned to ETAF. </p><p>In 1995, the EPRDF government unveiled a plan for a new <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_National_Defense_Force" title="Ethiopian National Defense Force">Ethiopian National Defense Force</a>. The plan called for a smaller air force with a streamlined organizational structure and fewer bases. As a medium term solution, the ETAF's air and ground assets were to be upgraded with modern systems, and completion of the maintenance and overhaul centers started under the Derg. However, lack of finance delayed the implementation of most projects. The political leadership felt there was no threat to speak of facing the country to justify large expenditures, particularly pertaining to the extensive (and expensive) upgrade project for the MIG-21/23 fighter fleet. </p><p>The unexpected outbreak of <a href="/wiki/Eritrean-Ethiopian_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Eritrean-Ethiopian War">war with Eritrea</a> in June 1998 led to a significant change in the ETAF. The entire Ethiopian National Defense Force was ill-prepared for the conflict. Most of the <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Ground_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethiopian Ground Forces">Ethiopian Ground Forces</a> were located in the south and southeast. The EPRDF government considered the northern borders to be the most secure due to its then close relationship with <a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a> and had decided to leave the border security in the hands of the local militia and police forces. The case with the ETAF was no different which never had replaced its northern command base it lost when Eritrea seceded. </p><p>In the two years that followed from 1998 to 2000 and despite the many constraints, the ETAF was able to provide crucial support to the ground forces. <a href="/wiki/Su-27" class="mw-redirect" title="Su-27">Su-27</a> air superiority fighters were acquired along with advanced versions of the <a href="/wiki/Mi-35" class="mw-redirect" title="Mi-35">Mi-35</a> helicopter gunships. The Su-27s were used to shoot down four <a href="/wiki/Eritrean_Air_Force" title="Eritrean Air Force">Eritrean Air Force</a> <a href="/wiki/Mikoyan_MiG-29" title="Mikoyan MiG-29">MIG-29s</a>; the first on 25 February 1999, and the second on 26 February 1999. In return, Eritrean MiG-29s shot down a total of two <a href="/wiki/MiG-21" class="mw-redirect" title="MiG-21">MiG-21</a> and one <a href="/wiki/MiG-23" class="mw-redirect" title="MiG-23">MiG-23</a> fighters during the war. One of the experienced pilots, Colonel Bezabih Petros, was one of the lead fighters and was captured by Eritrean forces for the second time, where his whereabouts are unknown. Lessons learned from the war were incorporated throughout which increased the effectiveness of the ETAF in the second year of the war. <a href="/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-25" title="Sukhoi Su-25">Su-25T</a> jets with precision strike capability were acquired along with sophisticated electronic warfare systems. Its members undertook dangerous missions deep inside Eritrean territory from interdicting supply lines, reconnaissance, and destruction of air defense systems. This in turn greatly raised the morale of the Ethiopian army which enabled them to break the highly fortified Eritrean front line in an amazingly short period of time. Hence, changing the tide of the war back in the Eritrean heartland. </p><p>After the war, the ETAF was reorganized to better prepare it for future conflicts based on lessons learned during the 1998–2000 war. Changes were made to better reflect in its doctrine the effects of the newer equipments acquired ability to deploy precision guided munitions. The long running maintenance and overhaul center project, <a href="/wiki/DAVEC" class="mw-redirect" title="DAVEC">DAVEC</a>, was also sped up and inaugurated in 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tigray_War">Tigray War</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_Air_Force&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Tigray War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In early November 2020 a <a href="/wiki/Tigray_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Tigray War">conflict broke out</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Tigray_Region" title="Tigray Region">Tigray Region</a> of Ethiopia between forces loyal to the <a href="/wiki/Tigray_People%27s_Liberation_Front" title="Tigray People's Liberation Front">Tigray People's Liberation Front</a> (TPLF) and the ENDF.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ETAF would almost immediately start carrying out airstrikes on TPLF targets bombing arms depots, military bases, and other targets.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Airstrikes have continued throughout the course of the war and caused civilian casualties. On 16 November 2020, a series of <a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Wukro" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombing of Wukro">airstrikes</a> on the city of <a href="/wiki/Wukro" title="Wukro">Wukro</a> would inflict 14 civilian deaths.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> On 22 June 2021, an Ethiopian fighter plane bombed a market in the town <a href="/wiki/Togoga_airstrike" title="Togoga airstrike">Togoga</a> killing 64 civilians and wounding 180 more.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several ETAF aircraft have also been shot down. On 29 November 2020, an ETAF <a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-23" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23">Mig-23</a> was shot down by the TPLF leading to the capture of the pilot.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 20 April 2021, an ETAF <a href="/wiki/Mil_Mi-24" title="Mil Mi-24">Mil Mi-35</a> was shot down near Guya killing three crew members.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 23 June 2021 an ETAF <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_L-100_Hercules" title="Lockheed L-100 Hercules">Lockheed L-100 Hercules</a> was shot down near Gijet.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organisation">Organisation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_Air_Force&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Organisation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>7 fighter ground attack squadrons: MiG-21, MiG-23, Su-25, Su-27, Su-30</li> <li>1 transport squadron: An-12, An-32, B-757, C-130B/E, L-100-30, Mi-8, Mi-24, Alouette III</li> <li>1 training squadron: L-39, SF.260</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Air_bases">Air bases</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_Air_Force&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Air bases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output 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div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="locmap noviewer noresize thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:302px"><div style="position:relative;width:300px;border:1px solid lightgray"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ethiopia_adm_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ethiopian Air Force is located in Ethiopia"><img alt="Ethiopian Air Force is located in Ethiopia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Ethiopia_adm_location_map.svg/300px-Ethiopia_adm_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Ethiopia_adm_location_map.svg/450px-Ethiopia_adm_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Ethiopia_adm_location_map.svg/600px-Ethiopia_adm_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1843" data-file-height="1494" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:49.328%;left:40.385%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-6px;top:-6px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Harar Meda Airport"><img alt="Harar Meda Airport" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Gfi-set01-airport.png/12px-Gfi-set01-airport.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Gfi-set01-airport.png/18px-Gfi-set01-airport.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Gfi-set01-airport.png/24px-Gfi-set01-airport.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="32" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:7px"><div><small>Harar Meda Airport</small></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:26.613%;left:30.983%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-6px;top:-6px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bahir Dar Airport"><img alt="Bahir Dar Airport" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Gfi-set01-airport.png/12px-Gfi-set01-airport.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Gfi-set01-airport.png/18px-Gfi-set01-airport.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Gfi-set01-airport.png/24px-Gfi-set01-airport.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="32" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:7px"><div><small>Bahir Dar Airport</small></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:42.473%;left:62.286%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-6px;top:-6px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dire Dawa International Airport"><img alt="Dire Dawa International Airport" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Gfi-set01-airport.png/12px-Gfi-set01-airport.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Gfi-set01-airport.png/18px-Gfi-set01-airport.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Gfi-set01-airport.png/24px-Gfi-set01-airport.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="32" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:7px"><div><small>Dire Dawa International Airport</small></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:70.565%;left:72.115%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-6px;top:-6px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Gode Airport"><img alt="Gode Airport" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Gfi-set01-airport.png/12px-Gfi-set01-airport.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Gfi-set01-airport.png/18px-Gfi-set01-airport.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Gfi-set01-airport.png/24px-Gfi-set01-airport.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="32" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:7px"><div><small>Gode Airport</small></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:12.366%;left:46.047%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-6px;top:-6px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Mek'ele Airport"><img alt="Mek'ele Airport" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Gfi-set01-airport.png/12px-Gfi-set01-airport.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Gfi-set01-airport.png/18px-Gfi-set01-airport.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Gfi-set01-airport.png/24px-Gfi-set01-airport.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="32" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:7px"><div><small>Mek'ele Airport</small></div></div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Ethiopia_adm_location_map.svg" title="File:Ethiopia adm location map.svg">class=notpageimage| </a></div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Ethiopian Air Force airbases</b></div></div></div></div> <p>The primary base is at <a href="/wiki/Harar_Meda_Airport" title="Harar Meda Airport">Harar Meda Airport</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Bishoftu" title="Bishoftu">Bishoftu</a>. There are four smaller bases used by the air force, these are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahir_Dar_Airport" title="Bahir Dar Airport">Bahir Dar Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aba_Tenna_Dejazmach_Yilma_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Aba Tenna Dejazmach Yilma International Airport">Aba Tenna Dejazmach Yilma International Airport</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dire_Dawa" title="Dire Dawa">Dire Dawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gode_Airport" title="Gode Airport">Gode Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alula_Aba_Nega_Airport" title="Alula Aba Nega Airport">Alula Aba Nega Airport</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mek%27ele" class="mw-redirect" title="Mek'ele">Mek'ele</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aircraft">Aircraft</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_Air_Force&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Aircraft"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Current_inventory">Current inventory</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_Air_Force&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Current inventory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align:center; background:#acc;">Aircraft </th> <th style="text-align: center; background:#acc;">Origin </th> <th style="text-align:l center; background:#acc;">Type </th> <th style="text-align:left; background:#acc;">Variant </th> <th style="text-align:center; background:#acc;">In service </th> <th style="text-align: center; background:#acc;">Notes </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="6" style="align: center; background: lavender;"><a href="/wiki/Military_aircraft#Combat_aircraft" title="Military aircraft">Combat aircraft</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-23" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23">Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fighter-bomber" title="Fighter-bomber">Fighter-bomber</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>9<sup id="cite_ref-World_Air_Forces_2024_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-World_Air_Forces_2024-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-25" title="Sukhoi Su-25">Sukhoi Su-25</a> </td> <td>Soviet Union </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Close_air_support" title="Close air support">CAS</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>3<sup id="cite_ref-World_Air_Forces_2024_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-World_Air_Forces_2024-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1 used as training aircraft </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-27" title="Sukhoi Su-27">Sukhoi Su-27</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Multirole_combat_aircraft" title="Multirole combat aircraft">Multirole</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>20<sup id="cite_ref-World_Air_Forces_2024_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-World_Air_Forces_2024-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>6 used for training </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-30" title="Sukhoi Su-30">Sukhoi Su-30</a> </td> <td>Russia </td> <td>Multirole </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-30#Variants" title="Sukhoi Su-30">Su-30K</a> </td> <td>2<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>4 more on order </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="6" style="align: center; background: lavender;"><a href="/wiki/Military_transport_aircraft" title="Military transport aircraft">Transport</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Antonov_An-12" title="Antonov An-12">Antonov An-12</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Military_transport_aircraft" title="Military transport aircraft">Transport</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>4<sup id="cite_ref-World_Air_Forces_2024_34-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-World_Air_Forces_2024-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Antonov_An-32" title="Antonov An-32">Antonov An-32</a> </td> <td>Ukraine </td> <td>Transport </td> <td> </td> <td>1<sup id="cite_ref-World_Air_Forces_2024_34-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-World_Air_Forces_2024-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_C-130_Hercules" title="Lockheed C-130 Hercules">C-130 Hercules</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Airlift#Tactical_airlift" title="Airlift">Tactical airlifter</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_C-130_Hercules#Variants" title="Lockheed C-130 Hercules">C-130B/E</a> </td> <td>2<sup id="cite_ref-World_Air_Forces_2024_34-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-World_Air_Forces_2024-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Canada_DHC-6_Twin_Otter" title="De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter">DHC-6 Twin Otter</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> </td> <td>Transport </td> <td> </td> <td>1<sup id="cite_ref-World_Air_Forces_2024_34-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-World_Air_Forces_2024-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="6" style="align: center; background: lavender;"><a href="/wiki/Helicopter" title="Helicopter">Helicopters</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mil_Mi-8" title="Mil Mi-8">Mil Mi-8</a> </td> <td>Russia </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Utility_helicopter" title="Utility helicopter">Utility</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mil_Mi-17#Variants" title="Mil Mi-17">Mi-8/17</a> </td> <td>14<sup id="cite_ref-World_Air_Forces_2024_34-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-World_Air_Forces_2024-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mil_Mi-24" title="Mil Mi-24">Mil Mi-24</a> </td> <td>Russia </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Attack_helicopter" title="Attack helicopter">Attack</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mil_Mi-24_variants" class="mw-redirect" title="Mil Mi-24 variants">Mi-35</a> </td> <td>6<sup id="cite_ref-World_Air_Forces_2024_34-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-World_Air_Forces_2024-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/A%C3%A9rospatiale_Alouette_III" title="Aérospatiale Alouette III">Alouette III</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Liaison_aircraft" title="Liaison aircraft">Liaison</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>3<sup id="cite_ref-World_Air_Forces_2024_34-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-World_Air_Forces_2024-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="6" style="align: center; background: lavender;"><a href="/wiki/Trainer_aircraft" title="Trainer aircraft">Trainer aircraft</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Aero_L-39_Albatros" title="Aero L-39 Albatros">Aero L-39</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jet_trainer" title="Jet trainer">Jet trainer</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>10<sup id="cite_ref-World_Air_Forces_2024_34-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-World_Air_Forces_2024-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Grob_G_120TP" title="Grob G 120TP">Grob G 120TP</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Trainer_aircraft" title="Trainer aircraft">Trainer</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>6<sup id="cite_ref-World_Air_Forces_2024_34-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-World_Air_Forces_2024-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-grob_op_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grob_op-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/SIAI-Marchetti_SF.260" title="SIAI-Marchetti SF.260">SIAI-Marchetti SF.260</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> </td> <td>Trainer </td> <td> </td> <td>4<sup id="cite_ref-World_Air_Forces_2024_34-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-World_Air_Forces_2024-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="6" style="align: center; background: lavender;"><a href="/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned aerial vehicle">UAV</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bayraktar_TB2" title="Bayraktar TB2">Bayraktar TB2</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unmanned_combat_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned combat aerial vehicle">UCAV</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>4<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Baykar_Bayraktar_Ak%C4%B1nc%C4%B1" title="Baykar Bayraktar Akıncı">Bayraktar Akıncı</a> </td> <td>Turkey </td> <td>UCAV </td> <td> </td> <td>N/A </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/CAIG_Wing_Loong_II" title="CAIG Wing Loong II">Wing Loong II</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> </td> <td>UCAV </td> <td> </td> <td>N/A </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Gatopoulos_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gatopoulos-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Qods_Mohajer-6" title="Qods Mohajer-6">Qods Mohajer-6</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> </td> <td>UCAV </td> <td> </td> <td>N/A </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Gatopoulos_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gatopoulos-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In addition to the Air Force inventory, the <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Ground_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethiopian Ground Forces">Ethiopian Army</a> operates two <a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Canada_DHC-6_Twin_Otter" title="De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter">DHC-6</a>, and eight <a href="/wiki/Bell_205" class="mw-redirect" title="Bell 205">Bell 205</a> helicopters.<sup id="cite_ref-World_Air_Forces_2024_34-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-World_Air_Forces_2024-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><br /> On November 28 2024, on Ethiopian Air Force 95th anniversary. <a href="/wiki/Abiy_Ahmed" title="Abiy Ahmed">Abiy Ahmed</a> showcased a locally customised survailance plane for the Ethiopian Air Force. The plane is called the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsehay_2.0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tsehay 2.0 (page does not exist)">Tsehay 2.0</a>. It will be deployed to survailence fighting during wars or certain battles. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Retired_aircraft">Retired aircraft</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_Air_Force&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Retired aircraft"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Previous notable aircraft operated by Ethiopia were the <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_T-33_Shooting_Star" class="mw-redirect" title="Lockheed T-33 Shooting Star">Lockheed T-33</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northrop_F-5_Freedom_Fighter" class="mw-redirect" title="Northrop F-5 Freedom Fighter">Northrop F-5</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-17" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17">MiG-17</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_Electric_Canberra" title="English Electric Canberra">Electric Canberra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-54_Skymaster" title="Douglas C-54 Skymaster">Douglas C-54</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fairchild_C-119_Flying_Boxcar" title="Fairchild C-119 Flying Boxcar">Fairchild C-119</a>, <a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Dove" title="De Havilland Dove">de Havilland Dove</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mil_Mi-6" title="Mil Mi-6">Mil Mi-6</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mil_Mi-14" title="Mil Mi-14">Mil Mi-14</a>, <a href="/wiki/A%C3%A9rospatiale_SA_330_Puma" title="Aérospatiale SA 330 Puma">Aérospatiale SA 330</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_American_T-28_Trojan" title="North American T-28 Trojan">North American T-28</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saab_91_Safir" title="Saab 91 Safir">Saab 91 Safir</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Saab_17" title="Saab 17">Saab 17</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Major_incidents">Major incidents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_Air_Force&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Major incidents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>On 9 August 2013, an <a href="/wiki/2013_Ethiopian_Air_Force_An-12_crash" title="2013 Ethiopian Air Force An-12 crash">Ethiopian military cargo plane crashed</a> on landing at Mogadishu airport in Somalia, killing four of the six crew members.</li> <li>On 30 August 2018, a <a href="/wiki/DHC_6" class="mw-redirect" title="DHC 6">DHC-6</a> military aircraft operating as flight 808 (ET-AIU), carrying fifteen members of the defense force and three civilians, crashed twenty minutes away from landing at <a href="/wiki/Harar_Meda_Airport" title="Harar Meda Airport">Harar Meda Airport</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bishoftu" title="Bishoftu">Bishoftu</a> after taking off from <a href="/wiki/Dire_Dawa" title="Dire Dawa">Dire Dawa</a>. No survivors were reported.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On June 23, 2021, a <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_L-100_Hercules" title="Lockheed L-100 Hercules">Lockheed L-100 Hercules</a> crashed near <a href="/wiki/Gijet" title="Gijet">Gijet, Ethiopia</a>. Unconfirmed reports indicated the aircraft was downed by the <a href="/wiki/Tigray_Defense_Forces" title="Tigray Defense Forces">Tigray Defense Forces</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Tigray_war" title="Tigray war">Tigray War</a> that started in November 2020 between Ethiopia and the Tigray Region.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Roundels">Roundels</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_Air_Force&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Roundels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Roundel_of_Ethiopia_(1946-1974).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Roundel of Ethiopia (1946–1974)"><img alt="Roundel of Ethiopia (1946–1974)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Roundel_of_Ethiopia_%281946-1974%29.svg/120px-Roundel_of_Ethiopia_%281946-1974%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Roundel_of_Ethiopia_%281946-1974%29.svg/180px-Roundel_of_Ethiopia_%281946-1974%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Roundel_of_Ethiopia_%281946-1974%29.svg/240px-Roundel_of_Ethiopia_%281946-1974%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Roundel of Ethiopia (1946–1974)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Roundel_of_Ethiopia_(1946-1974)_type_2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Roundel of Ethiopia (1946–1974), type 2"><img alt="Roundel of Ethiopia (1946–1974), type 2" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Roundel_of_Ethiopia_%281946-1974%29_type_2.svg/120px-Roundel_of_Ethiopia_%281946-1974%29_type_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Roundel_of_Ethiopia_%281946-1974%29_type_2.svg/180px-Roundel_of_Ethiopia_%281946-1974%29_type_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Roundel_of_Ethiopia_%281946-1974%29_type_2.svg/240px-Roundel_of_Ethiopia_%281946-1974%29_type_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="601" data-file-height="601" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Roundel of Ethiopia (1946–1974), type 2</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Roundel_of_Ethiopia_(1974-1985).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Roundel of Ethiopia (1974–1985)"><img alt="Roundel of Ethiopia (1974–1985)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Roundel_of_Ethiopia_%281974-1985%29.svg/120px-Roundel_of_Ethiopia_%281974-1985%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Roundel_of_Ethiopia_%281974-1985%29.svg/180px-Roundel_of_Ethiopia_%281974-1985%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Roundel_of_Ethiopia_%281974-1985%29.svg/240px-Roundel_of_Ethiopia_%281974-1985%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="601" data-file-height="601" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Roundel of Ethiopia (1974–1985)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Roundel_of_Ethiopia_(1985-1996).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Roundel of Ethiopia (1985–1996)"><img alt="Roundel of Ethiopia (1985–1996)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Roundel_of_Ethiopia_%281985-1996%29.svg/120px-Roundel_of_Ethiopia_%281985-1996%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Roundel_of_Ethiopia_%281985-1996%29.svg/180px-Roundel_of_Ethiopia_%281985-1996%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Roundel_of_Ethiopia_%281985-1996%29.svg/240px-Roundel_of_Ethiopia_%281985-1996%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="601" data-file-height="601" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Roundel of Ethiopia (1985–1996)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Roundel_of_Ethiopia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Roundel of Ethiopia (1996-2009?)"><img alt="Roundel of Ethiopia (1996-2009?)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Roundel_of_Ethiopia.svg/120px-Roundel_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Roundel_of_Ethiopia.svg/180px-Roundel_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Roundel_of_Ethiopia.svg/240px-Roundel_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Roundel of Ethiopia (1996-2009?)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Roundel_of_Ethiopia_(type_2).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Roundel of Ethiopia (1996-2009?), type 2"><img alt="Roundel of Ethiopia (1996-2009?), type 2" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Roundel_of_Ethiopia_%28type_2%29.svg/120px-Roundel_of_Ethiopia_%28type_2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Roundel_of_Ethiopia_%28type_2%29.svg/180px-Roundel_of_Ethiopia_%28type_2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Roundel_of_Ethiopia_%28type_2%29.svg/240px-Roundel_of_Ethiopia_%28type_2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="601" data-file-height="601" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Roundel of Ethiopia (1996-2009?), type 2</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:New_roundel_of_Ethiopia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Roundel of Ethiopia (2019–present)"><img alt="Roundel of Ethiopia (2019–present)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/New_roundel_of_Ethiopia.svg/120px-New_roundel_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/New_roundel_of_Ethiopia.svg/180px-New_roundel_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/New_roundel_of_Ethiopia.svg/240px-New_roundel_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="602" data-file-height="602" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Roundel of Ethiopia (2019–present)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_Air_Force&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_National_Defense_Force" title="Ethiopian National Defense Force">Ethiopian National Defense Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Navy" title="Ethiopian Navy">Ethiopian Navy</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_Air_Force&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-World_Air_Forces_2023-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-World_Air_Forces_2023_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flightglobal.com/download?ac=90688">"World Air Forces 2023"</a></span>. Flightglobal Insight. 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Air+Forces+2023&rft.pub=Flightglobal+Insight&rft.date=2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.flightglobal.com%2Fdownload%3Fac%3D90688&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEthiopian+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSolomon2022" class="citation web cs1">Solomon, Salem (2022-02-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.voanews.com/a/6423787.html">"Ethiopia Ups Use of Drone Strikes in Conflict Prompting Worries About Civilian Toll"</a>. VoA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220429054915/https://www.voanews.com/a/6423787.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-04-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-04-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ethiopia+Ups+Use+of+Drone+Strikes+in+Conflict+Prompting+Worries+About+Civilian+Toll&rft.pub=VoA&rft.date=2022-02-02&rft.aulast=Solomon&rft.aufirst=Salem&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.voanews.com%2Fa%2F6423787.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEthiopian+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harold Marcus, <i>Haile Sellassie I: The Formative Years</i> (Lawrenceville: Red Sea Press, 1996), p. 50</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(Insignia Magazine Issue 7, 1998)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nevingtonwarmuseum.com/abyssinian-airforce.html">"Abyssinia 1935 - 1936"</a>. Nevington War Museum. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210624202616/https://www.nevingtonwarmuseum.com/abyssinian-airforce.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-06-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-06-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Abyssinia+1935+-+1936&rft.pub=Nevington+War+Museum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nevingtonwarmuseum.com%2Fabyssinian-airforce.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEthiopian+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080820121301/http://www.crezan.net/articles/abyssinia_021_fr.html">"Abyssinia02_FR"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crezan.net/articles/abyssinia_021_fr.html">the original</a> on August 20, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Abyssinia02_FR&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.crezan.net%2Farticles%2Fabyssinia_021_fr.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEthiopian+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hellstrom-2-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hellstrom-2_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hellstrom-2_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hellstrom-2_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Leif Hellstrom, "Imperial Fireflies", <i>The Historic Aviation Journal</i>, No. 122 (March/April 2006), p. 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hellstrom, "Imperial Fireflies", pp. 4f</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mekonnen Beri, <i>Aviation in Ethiopia</i> (Addis Ababa: Nigid Printing Press, 2002), p. 100</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hellstrom, "Imperial Fireflies", p. 9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bahru Zewde, <i>A History of Modern Ethiopia</i>, second edition (London: James Currey, 2001), pp. 186</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2001-2009.state.gov/documents/organization/66700.pdf">"Policy for Air-to-Air Missile Sales to Africa (Action Memorandum)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170211022855/https://2001-2009.state.gov/documents/organization/66700.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2017-02-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-06-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Policy+for+Air-to-Air+Missile+Sales+to+Africa+%28Action+Memorandum%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F2001-2009.state.gov%2Fdocuments%2Forganization%2F66700.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEthiopian+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFErlikh2014" class="citation book cs1">Erlikh, Ḥagai (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.ca/books/about/Alliance_and_Alienation.html?id=73_TngEACAAJ&redir_esc=y"><i>Alliance and Alienation: Ethiopia and Israel in the Days of Haile Selassie</i></a>. Red Sea Press. p. 148. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56902-389-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56902-389-1"><bdi>978-1-56902-389-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alliance+and+Alienation%3A+Ethiopia+and+Israel+in+the+Days+of+Haile+Selassie&rft.pages=148&rft.pub=Red+Sea+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-56902-389-1&rft.aulast=Erlikh&rft.aufirst=%E1%B8%A4agai&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.ca%2Fbooks%2Fabout%2FAlliance_and_Alienation.html%3Fid%3D73_TngEACAAJ%26redir_esc%3Dy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEthiopian+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCooper,_TomWeinert,_Peter2010" class="citation book cs1">Cooper, Tom; Weinert, Peter (2010). <i>African MiGs: Volume I: Angola to Ivory Coast</i>. Harpia Publishing LLC. pp. <span class="nowrap">162–</span>3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9825539-5-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9825539-5-4"><bdi>978-0-9825539-5-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=African+MiGs%3A+Volume+I%3A+Angola+to+Ivory+Coast&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E162-%3C%2Fspan%3E3&rft.pub=Harpia+Publishing+LLC&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-9825539-5-4&rft.au=Cooper%2C+Tom&rft.au=Weinert%2C+Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEthiopian+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/5201470.stm">"Africa: Why Ethiopia is on war footing"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071224163853/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/5201470.stm">Archived</a> 2007-12-24 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (BBC)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mekonnen Beri, <i>Aviation in Ethiopia</i>, pp. 136–137</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bahru Zewde, <i>A History</i>, pp. 237f</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2001-2009.state.gov/r/pa/ho/frus/nixon/e6/66764.htm">"Briefing Memorandum From the Acting Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs (Mulcahy) to Secretary of State Kissinger, Washington, June 27, 1975"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190612102711/https://2001-2009.state.gov/r/pa/ho/frus/nixon/e6/66764.htm">Archived</a> from the original on June 12, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 24,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Briefing+Memorandum+From+the+Acting+Assistant+Secretary+of+State+for+African+Affairs+%28Mulcahy%29+to+Secretary+of+State+Kissinger%2C+Washington%2C+June+27%2C+1975&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F2001-2009.state.gov%2Fr%2Fpa%2Fho%2Ffrus%2Fnixon%2Fe6%2F66764.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEthiopian+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0199-2299939/Carter-in-Ethiopia-Revisiting-one.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Carter in Ethiopia: Revisiting one of the Nobelist's missed chances"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090329023154/http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0199-2299939/Carter-in-Ethiopia-Revisiting-one.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2009-03-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-01-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Carter+in+Ethiopia%3A+Revisiting+one+of+the+Nobelist%27s+missed+chances%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgoliath.ecnext.com%2Fcoms2%2Fgi_0199-2299939%2FCarter-in-Ethiopia-Revisiting-one.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEthiopian+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCooper2016" class="citation web cs1">Cooper, Tom (August 8, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medium.com/war-is-boring/which-is-better-the-f-5e-tiger-ii-or-the-mig-21-e92e5c5a1ef3">"Which is Better, the F-5E Tiger II or the MiG-21?"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200724141106/https://medium.com/war-is-boring/which-is-better-the-f-5e-tiger-ii-or-the-mig-21-e92e5c5a1ef3">Archived</a> from the original on July 24, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 24,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Which+is+Better%2C+the+F-5E+Tiger+II+or+the+MiG-21%3F&rft.date=2016-08-08&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmedium.com%2Fwar-is-boring%2Fwhich-is-better-the-f-5e-tiger-ii-or-the-mig-21-e92e5c5a1ef3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEthiopian+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://borkena.com/2016/10/05/ethiopia-hero-air-force-general-passes-away/">"Ethiopia : Hero Air Force General Passes Away"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 24,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ethiopia+%3A+Hero+Air+Force+General+Passes+Away&rft.date=2016-10-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fborkena.com%2F2016%2F10%2F05%2Fethiopia-hero-air-force-general-passes-away%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEthiopian+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.geeskaafrika.com/air-force-hero-general-tefera-legese-dies-in-washington-dc/">"Air Force hero General Tefera Legese dies in Washington, DC"</a>. <i>www.geeskaafrika.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211007025805/https://www.geeskaafrika.com/air-force-hero-general-tefera-legese-dies-in-washington-dc/">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-10-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.geeskaafrika.com&rft.atitle=Air+Force+hero+General+Tefera+Legese+dies+in+Washington%2C+DC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.geeskaafrika.com%2Fair-force-hero-general-tefera-legese-dies-in-washington-dc%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEthiopian+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aces.safarikovi.org/victories/ethiopia-1977-1978.html">"Jan J. Safarik: Air Aces Home Page"</a>. <i>aces.safarikovi.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200706194913/http://aces.safarikovi.org/victories/ethiopia-1977-1978.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-07-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-07-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=aces.safarikovi.org&rft.atitle=Jan+J.+Safarik%3A+Air+Aces+Home+Page&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faces.safarikovi.org%2Fvictories%2Fethiopia-1977-1978.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEthiopian+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Interview with Legesse Teferra". 1988</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mekonnen Beri, <i>Aviation in Ethiopia</i>, p. 148</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://130.238.24.99/library/resources/dossiers/local_history_of_ethiopia/d/ORTDEB2.pdf">"Local History in Ethiopia"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080227131228/http://130.238.24.99/library/resources/dossiers/local_history_of_ethiopia/d/ORTDEB2.pdf">Archived</a> February 27, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (pdf) The Nordic Africa Institute website (accessed 13 January 2008)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">["ye ityopia ayer hayl – tnant ena zare"] Ethiopian Air Force alumni Association (millennium edition)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-55215431">"Ethiopia's Tigray crisis: How a soldier survived an 11-hour gun battle"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ethiopia%27s+Tigray+crisis%3A+How+a+soldier+survived+an+11-hour+gun+battle&rft.date=2021-07-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-55215431&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEthiopian+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/11/6/airstrikes-in-tigray-region">"Ethiopia PM: Airstrikes target TPLF military depots in Tigray"</a>. Al-Jazeera. 2 July 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210712024542/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/11/6/airstrikes-in-tigray-region">Archived</a> from the original on 12 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ethiopia+PM%3A+Airstrikes+target+TPLF+military+depots+in+Tigray&rft.date=2021-07-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2020%2F11%2F6%2Fairstrikes-in-tigray-region&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEthiopian+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBurke2021" class="citation web cs1">Burke, Jason (2021-06-24). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/24/ethiopian-airstrike-tigray-market">"Scores killed in Ethiopian airstrike on Tigray market"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210625090804/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/24/ethiopian-airstrike-tigray-market">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-06-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-12-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Scores+killed+in+Ethiopian+airstrike+on+Tigray+market&rft.date=2021-06-24&rft.aulast=Burke&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2021%2Fjun%2F24%2Fethiopian-airstrike-tigray-market&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEthiopian+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/245275">"Incident MiG-23 , 29 Nov 2020"</a>. <i>Aviation Safety Network</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210709183715/https://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/245275">Archived</a> from the original on 9 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-12-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ethiopia%3A+18+dead+in+military+aircraft+crash%2C+expert+says+weather+could+be+blamed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fethsat.com%2F2018%2F08%2Fethiopia-18-dead-in-military-aircraft-crash-expert-says-weather-could-be-blamed%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEthiopian+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20210623-0">"Lockheed L-100-30 Hercules"</a>. safety.net. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210629004755/https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20210623-0">Archived</a> from the original on 29 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lockheed+L-100-30+Hercules&rft.pub=safety.net&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faviation-safety.net%2Fdatabase%2Frecord.php%3Fid%3D20210623-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEthiopian+Air+Force" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_Air_Force&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Gordon, Yefim and Alan Dawes. <i>Sukhoi Su-25 Frogfoot: Close Air Support Aircraft</i>. London: Airlife, 2004. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84037-353-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-84037-353-9">1-84037-353-9</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_Air_Force&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Scott A. Schaefer, <i>Ethiopian Airpower From Inception To Victory in The Ogaden War,</i> A Thesis Presented to the Graduate School of the University of Florida in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts, University of Florida, 2012.</li> <li>Tom Cooper, African MiGs: MiGs and Sukhois in Service in Sub-Saharan Africa, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040819010447/http://www.acig.org/artman/publish/article_447.shtml">Welcome to the Air Combat Information Group</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Template:Usurped/doc" title="Template:Usurped/doc">[usurped]</a></sup>, SHI Publications, 2004, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-200-00088-0" title="Special:BookSources/3-200-00088-0">3-200-00088-0</a>, Softbound, 158 Pages</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_Air_Force&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dehai.org/archives/dehai_news_archive/apr-may03/0303.html">A history of the Ethiopian Air Force (dehai-news)</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ethiopia_articles555" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethiopia_topics" title="Template:Ethiopia topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethiopia_topics" title="Template talk:Ethiopia topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethiopia_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethiopia topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethiopia_articles555" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Ethiopia-related_articles" title="Index of Ethiopia-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ethiopia" title="History of Ethiopia">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Ethiopia" title="Prehistoric Ethiopia">Prehistoric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%CA%BFmt" title="Dʿmt">Kingdom of Dʿmt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Aksum" title="Kingdom of Aksum">Kingdom of Aksum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Wolaita" title="Kingdom of Wolaita">Kingdom of Wolaita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Empire" title="Ethiopian Empire">Ethiopian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Ethiopia" title="Emperor of Ethiopia">Emperor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_emperors_of_Ethiopia" title="List of emperors of Ethiopia">list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regnal_lists_of_Ethiopia" title="Regnal lists of Ethiopia">regnal lists</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomonic_dynasty" title="Solomonic dynasty">Solomonic dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zagwe_dynasty" title="Zagwe dynasty">Zagwe dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kaffa" title="Kingdom of Kaffa">Kingdom of Kaffa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian%E2%80%93Adal_War" title="Ethiopian–Adal War">Ethiopian–Adal War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondarine_period" title="Gondarine period">Gondarine period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zemene_Mesafint" title="Zemene Mesafint">Zemene Mesafint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menelik%27s_Expansions" class="mw-redirect" title="Menelik's Expansions">Menelik's Expansions</a></li> <li>Italo-Ethiopian wars <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italo-Ethiopian_War_of_1887%E2%80%931889" title="Italo-Ethiopian War of 1887–1889">1887–89</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Italo-Ethiopian_War" title="First Italo-Ethiopian War">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Italo-Ethiopian_War" title="Second Italo-Ethiopian War">Second</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia_in_World_War_I" title="Ethiopia in World War I">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_East_Africa" title="Italian East Africa">Italian occupation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_African_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="East African campaign (World War II)">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Revolution" title="Ethiopian Revolution">Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Ethiopian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1974 Ethiopian coup d'état">1974 coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derg" title="Derg">Derg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Civil_War" title="Ethiopian Civil War">Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogaden_War" title="Ogaden War">Ogaden War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Federal_Democratic_Republic_of_Ethiopia" title="History of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia">Federal Democratic Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean%E2%80%93Ethiopian_War" title="Eritrean–Ethiopian War">Eritrean–Ethiopian War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean%E2%80%93Ethiopian_border_conflict" title="Eritrean–Ethiopian border conflict">Border conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Eritrea%E2%80%93Ethiopia_summit" title="2018 Eritrea–Ethiopia summit">2018 peace summit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Somalia_(2006%E2%80%932009)" title="War in Somalia (2006–2009)">War in Somalia (2006–09)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_civil_conflict_(2018%E2%80%93present)" title="Ethiopian civil conflict (2018–present)">Civil conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tigray_war" title="Tigray war">Tigray war</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_historiography" title="Ethiopian historiography">Historiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_Ethiopia" title="Territorial evolution of Ethiopia">Territorial evolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Ethiopia" title="Geography of Ethiopia">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Ethiopia" title="Geology of Ethiopia">Geology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Ethiopia" title="List of mountains in Ethiopia">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Ethiopia" title="List of rivers of Ethiopia">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Ethiopia" title="List of lakes of Ethiopia">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Ethiopia" title="List of volcanoes in Ethiopia">Volcanoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Ethiopia" title="List of earthquakes in Ethiopia">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Flora_of_Ethiopia" title="Category:Flora of Ethiopia">Flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Ethiopia" title="Wildlife of Ethiopia">Fauna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Ethiopia" title="Subdivisions of Ethiopia">Administrative</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Ethiopia" title="Regions of Ethiopia">Regions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_the_Regions_of_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of governors of the Regions of Ethiopia">Governors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_zones_of_Ethiopia" title="List of zones of Ethiopia">Zones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Ethiopia" title="Districts of Ethiopia">Woredas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Ethiopia">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wards_of_Ethiopia" title="Wards of Ethiopia">Kebele</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Ethiopia" title="Politics of Ethiopia">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1995_Constitution_of_Ethiopia" title="1995 Constitution of Ethiopia">Constitution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitutions_of_Ethiopia" title="Constitutions of Ethiopia">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Ethiopia" title="Government of Ethiopia">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Ethiopia" title="President of Ethiopia">President</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Ethiopia" title="List of presidents of Ethiopia">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Ethiopia" title="Prime Minister of Ethiopia">Prime Minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_government_of_Ethiopia" title="List of heads of government of Ethiopia">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_(Ethiopia)" title="Council of Ministers (Ethiopia)">Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Parliamentary_Assembly" title="Federal Parliamentary Assembly">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Ethiopia" title="List of political parties in Ethiopia">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Ethiopia" title="Elections in Ethiopia">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Ethiopia" title="Foreign relations of Ethiopia">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_aid_to_Ethiopia" title="Foreign aid to Ethiopia">Foreign aid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Ethiopia">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_National_Defense_Force" title="Ethiopian National Defense Force">National Defense Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Ground_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethiopian Ground Forces">Ground Forces</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Ethiopia" title="Military history of Ethiopia">Military history</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Ethiopian_Empire" title="Army of the Ethiopian Empire">Army of the Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Navy" title="Ethiopian Navy">Navy</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Ethiopia" title="Economy of Ethiopia">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Ethiopia" title="Agriculture in Ethiopia">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Ethiopia" title="List of banks in Ethiopia">Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_birr" title="Ethiopian birr">Birr <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Ethiopia" title="List of companies of Ethiopia">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Ethiopia" title="Energy in Ethiopia">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_aid_to_Ethiopia" title="Foreign aid to Ethiopia">Foreign aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_development_policy_of_Ethiopia" title="Industrial development policy of Ethiopia">Industrial development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_reform_in_Ethiopia" title="Land reform in Ethiopia">Land reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_in_Ethiopia" title="Manufacturing in Ethiopia">Manufacturing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Ethiopia" title="Taxation in Ethiopia">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Ethiopia" title="Telecommunications in Ethiopia">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Ethiopia" title="Tourism in Ethiopia">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_Ethiopia" title="Trade unions in Ethiopia">Trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Ethiopia" title="Transport in Ethiopia">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Ethiopia" title="Category:Society of Ethiopia">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Ethiopia" title="Architecture of Ethiopia">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_marriage_in_Ethiopia" title="Child marriage in Ethiopia">Child marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Ethiopia" title="Demographics of Ethiopia">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Ethiopia" title="Education in Ethiopia">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_of_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups of Ethiopia">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Famines_in_Ethiopia" title="Famines in Ethiopia">Famines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Ethiopia" title="Flag of Ethiopia">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Ethiopia" title="Health in Ethiopia">Health</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Ethiopia" title="Healthcare in Ethiopia">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maternal_health_in_Ethiopia" title="Maternal health in Ethiopia">Maternal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_health_in_Ethiopia" title="Women's health in Ethiopia">Women's</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Ethiopia" title="Human rights in Ethiopia">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Ethiopia">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Ethiopia" title="Human trafficking in Ethiopia">Human trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Ethiopia" title="Languages of Ethiopia">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Ethiopia" title="Law enforcement in Ethiopia">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopians" title="Ethiopians">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygamy_in_Ethiopia" title="Polygamy in Ethiopia">Polygamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Ethiopia" title="Public holidays in Ethiopia">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Ethiopia" title="Water supply and sanitation in Ethiopia">Water and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Ethiopia" title="Women in Ethiopia">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Ethiopia" title="Culture of Ethiopia">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_art" title="Ethiopian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_cuisine" title="Ethiopian cuisine">Cuisine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_wine" title="Ethiopian wine">wine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_literature" title="Ethiopian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="Media in Ethiopia">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Ethiopia" title="Music of Ethiopia">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Ethiopia" title="Religion in Ethiopia">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Ethiopia" title="Sport in Ethiopia">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Ethiopia" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Ethiopia">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Ethiopia" title="Outline of Ethiopia">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Ethiopia-related_articles" title="Index of Ethiopia-related articles">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ethiopia" title="Category:Ethiopia">Category</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 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.portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/21px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/42px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Ethiopia" title="Portal:Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/19px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/29px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/38px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Africa" title="Portal:Africa">Africa</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Aviacionavion.png/19px-Aviacionavion.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Aviacionavion.png/29px-Aviacionavion.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Aviacionavion.png/38px-Aviacionavion.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Aviation" title="Portal:Aviation">Aviation</a></li></ul></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Military_of_Africa272" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Africa_topic" title="Template:Africa topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Africa_topic" title="Template talk:Africa topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Africa_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Africa topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Military_of_Africa272" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Africa">Military of Africa </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Algeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Angola" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Benin" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Botswana" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Burkina_Faso" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Burundi" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Cameroon" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Cape_Verde" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_the_Central_African_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Chad" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_the_Comoros" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of the Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of the Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Djibouti" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Equatorial_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Eritrea" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Eswatini" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Gabon" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_the_Gambia" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of the Gambia">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Ghana" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Guinea-Bissau" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Ivory_Coast" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Kenya" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Lesotho" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Liberia" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Madagascar" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Malawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Mali" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Mauritania" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Mauritius" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Morocco" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Mozambique" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Namibia" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Niger" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Rwanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Senegal" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Seychelles" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Sierra_Leone" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Somalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_South_Sudan" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Sudan" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Tanzania" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Togo" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Tunisia" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Uganda" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Zambia" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Zimbabwe" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">States with limited<br />recognition</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Somaliland" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Somaliland">Somaliland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Dependencies and<br />other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_the_Canary_Islands" title="Military of the Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a> / <a href="/wiki/Military_of_Ceuta" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Ceuta">Ceuta</a> / <a href="/wiki/Military_of_Melilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Melilla">Melilla</a>  <span style="font-size:85%;">(Spain)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Madeira" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Madeira">Madeira</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Portugal)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Mayotte" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Mayotte">Mayotte</a> / <a href="/wiki/Military_of_R%C3%A9union" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Réunion">Réunion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(France)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Saint_Helena" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a> / <a href="/wiki/Military_of_Ascension_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Ascension Island">Ascension Island</a> / <a href="/wiki/Military_of_Tristan_da_Cunha" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Tristan da Cunha">Tristan da Cunha</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(United Kingdom)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Western_Sahara" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="List_of_air_forces5857" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Air_forces" title="Template:Air forces"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Air_forces" title="Template talk:Air forces"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Air_forces" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Air forces"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="List_of_air_forces5857" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_air_forces" title="List of air forces">List of</a> <a href="/wiki/Air_force" title="Air force">air forces</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazian_Air_Force" title="Abkhazian Air Force">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Air_Force" title="Afghan Air Force">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Air_Force" title="Albanian Air Force">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_Air_Force" title="Algerian Air Force">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Air_Force_of_Angola" title="National Air Force of Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda_Defence_Force_Air_Wing" title="Antigua and Barbuda Defence Force Air Wing">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Air_Force" title="Argentine Air Force">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Air_Force" title="Armenian Air Force">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_Air_Force" title="Royal Australian Air Force">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Air_Force" title="Austrian Air Force">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_Air_Forces" title="Azerbaijani Air Forces">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Bahamas_Defence_Force" title="Royal Bahamas Defence Force">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Bahraini_Air_Force" title="Royal Bahraini Air Force">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Air_Force" title="Bangladesh Air Force">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Air_Force" title="Belarusian Air Force">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Air_Component" title="Belgian Air Component">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belize_Defence_Force_Air_Wing" title="Belize Defence Force Air Wing">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benin_Air_Force" title="Benin Air Force">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivian_Air_Force" title="Bolivian Air Force">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_and_Anti-Aircraft_Defence_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Air Force and Anti-Aircraft Defence of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana_Defence_Force_Air_Wing" title="Botswana Defence Force Air Wing">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Air_Force" title="Brazilian Air Force">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Brunei_Air_Force" title="Royal Brunei Air Force">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Air_Force" title="Bulgarian Air Force">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Cambodian_Air_Force" title="Royal Cambodian Air Force">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon_Air_Force" title="Cameroon Air Force">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Air_Force" title="Royal Canadian Air Force">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic_Air_Force" title="Central African Republic Air Force">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadian_Air_Force" title="Chadian Air Force">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_Air_Force" title="Chilean Air Force">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Air_Force" title="People's Liberation Army Air Force">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_Aerospace_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Colombian Aerospace Force">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congolese_Air_Force" title="Congolese Air Force">Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Air Force of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Congo DR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Air_Force" title="Croatian Air Force">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Revolutionary_Air_and_Air_Defense_Force" title="Cuban Revolutionary Air and Air Defense Force">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Air_Command" title="Cyprus Air Command">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Air_Force" title="Czech Air Force">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Danish_Air_Force" title="Royal Danish Air Force">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djibouti_Air_Force" title="Djibouti Air Force">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Air_Force" title="Dominican Air Force">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuadorian_Air_Force" title="Ecuadorian Air Force">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Air_Force" title="Egyptian Air Force">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_Air_Force" title="Salvadoran Air Force">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_Air_Force" title="Eritrean Air Force">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Air_Force" title="Estonian Air Force">Estonia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Air_Force" title="Finnish Air Force">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Air_and_Space_Force" title="French Air and Space Force">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabonese_Air_Force" title="Gabonese Air Force">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Air_Force" title="Georgian Air Force">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Air_Force" title="German Air Force">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana_Air_Force" title="Ghana Air Force">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Air_Force" title="Hellenic Air Force">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemalan_Air_Force" title="Guatemalan Air Force">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau_Air_Force" title="Guinea-Bissau Air Force">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiti_Air_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Haiti Air Corps">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honduran_Air_Force" title="Honduran Air Force">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Air_Force" title="Hungarian Air Force">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Air_Policing" title="Icelandic Air Policing">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Air_Force" title="Indian Air Force">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Air_Force" title="Indonesian Air Force">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Air_Force" title="Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Air_Force" title="Iraqi Air Force">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Air_Corps" title="Irish Air Corps">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Air_Force" title="Israeli Air Force">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Air_Force" title="Italian Air Force">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Republic_of_Ivory_Coast" title="Armed Forces of the Republic of Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Air_Self-Defense_Force" title="Japan Air Self-Defense Force">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Jordanian_Air_Force" title="Royal Jordanian Air Force">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Air_Defense_Forces" title="Kazakh Air Defense Forces">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya_Air_Force" title="Kenya Air Force">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait_Air_Force" title="Kuwait Air Force">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_Air_Force" title="Kyrgyz Air Force">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_People%27s_Liberation_Army_Air_Force" title="Lao People's Liberation Army Air Force">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Air_Force" title="Latvian Air Force">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Air_Force" title="Lebanese Air Force">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberian_Armed_Forces#Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberian Armed Forces">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Air_Force" 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