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id="toc-Secured" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secured"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Secured</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secured-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unsecured" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unsecured"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Unsecured</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unsecured-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Demand</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subsidized" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subsidized"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Subsidized</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subsidized-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Concessional" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Concessional"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Concessional</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Concessional-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Target_markets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Target_markets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Target markets</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Target_markets-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Target markets subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Target_markets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Personal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Personal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commercial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commercial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Commercial</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commercial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Loan_payment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Loan_payment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Loan payment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Loan_payment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Abuses_in_lending" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abuses_in_lending"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Abuses in lending</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abuses_in_lending-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States_taxes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States_taxes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>United States taxes</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-United_States_taxes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle United States taxes subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-United_States_taxes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Income_from_discharge_of_indebtedness" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Income_from_discharge_of_indebtedness"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Income from discharge of indebtedness</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Income_from_discharge_of_indebtedness-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Loan</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 70 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-70" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">70 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%B6" title="قرض – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قرض" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empr%C3%A9stamu" title="Empréstamu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Empréstamu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0stiqraz" title="İstiqraz – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İstiqraz" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8B%E0%A6%A3" title="ঋণ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ঋণ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Пазыка – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Пазыка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Пазыка – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Пазыка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empr%C3%A8stit" title="Emprèstit – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Emprèstit" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%C4%95%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B2_(%D0%BF%C4%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%C4%95%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D1%88%C4%83%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%82%C4%95%D1%81%C4%95)" title="Кĕтев (пăркаланмилĕхле хутшăнусен тĕсĕ) – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Кĕтев (пăркаланмилĕхле хутшăнусен тĕсĕ)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A1p%C5%AFj%C4%8Dka" title="Zápůjčka – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Zápůjčka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chikwereti" title="Chikwereti – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chikwereti" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A5n" title="Lån – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Lån" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laen" title="Laen – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Laen" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Δάνειο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δάνειο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empr%C3%A9stito" title="Empréstito – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Empréstito" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prunto" title="Prunto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Prunto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mailegu_(finantza)" title="Mailegu (finantza) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mailegu (finantza)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85" title="وام – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="وام" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emprunt_(finance)" title="Emprunt (finance) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Emprunt (finance)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lien" title="Lien – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Lien" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iasacht_(airgead)" title="Iasacht (airgead) – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Iasacht (airgead)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empr%C3%A9stito" title="Empréstito – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Empréstito" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%B5%EC%9E%90" title="융자 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="융자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%93%D5%B8%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Փոխատվություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Փոխատվություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="उधार – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="उधार" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zajam" title="Zajam – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zajam" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinjaman" title="Pinjaman – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pinjaman" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A1n" title="Lán – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Lán" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prestito_(finanza)" title="Prestito (finanza) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Prestito (finanza)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%94" title="הלוואה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הלוואה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B2" title="ಸಾಲ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸಾಲ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Заем – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Заем" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mkopo_(fedha)" title="Mkopo (fedha) – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mkopo (fedha)" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creditum" title="Creditum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Creditum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aizdevums" title="Aizdevums – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Aizdevums" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C" title="कर्ज – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कर्ज" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%81%D9%87" title="سلفه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سلفه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lening" title="Lening – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lening" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE" title="कर्जा – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="कर्जा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8B%E0%A4%A3" title="ऋण – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ऋण" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%9E%8D%E8%B3%87" title="融資 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="融資" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A5n" title="Lån – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Lån" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A5n" title="Lån – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Lån" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%8B%E0%AC%A3" title="ଋଣ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଋଣ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empr%C3%A9stimo" title="Empréstimo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Empréstimo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Emprumut" title="Împrumut – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Împrumut" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%91%D0%BC" title="Заём – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Заём" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lend" title="Lend – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Lend" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kredia" title="Kredia – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kredia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loan" title="Loan – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Loan" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B4%C5%BEi%C4%8Dka" title="Pôžička – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pôžička" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posojilo" title="Posojilo – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Posojilo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zajam" title="Zajam – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Zajam" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zajam" title="Zajam – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Zajam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laina" title="Laina – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Laina" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A5n" title="Lån – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lån" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pautang" title="Pautang – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pautang" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%98%D2%97%D3%99%D1%82" title="Әҗәт – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Әҗәт" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89" title="เงินกู้ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เงินกู้" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr 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</div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Lending of money</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Loan_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Loan (disambiguation)">Loan (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Petrevene_18.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Petrevene_18.jpg/250px-Petrevene_18.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Petrevene_18.jpg/500px-Petrevene_18.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1696" data-file-height="1184" /></a><figcaption>Loan document issued by the Bank of <a href="/wiki/Petrevene" title="Petrevene">Petrevene</a>, Bulgaria, dated 1936.</figcaption></figure> <style 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a <a href="/wiki/Category:Finance" title="Category:Finance">series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#efefef;padding:0.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Finance" title="Finance">Finance</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Philippine-stock-market-board.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Philippine-stock-market-board.jpg/250px-Philippine-stock-market-board.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Philippine-stock-market-board.jpg/500px-Philippine-stock-market-board.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Financial_market" title="Financial market">Markets</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e9e9ff;font-weight:normal;font-style:italic;"> <a href="/wiki/Financial_asset" title="Financial asset">Assets</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asset_(economics)" title="Asset (economics)">Asset (economics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bond_market" title="Bond market">Bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_appreciation" title="Capital appreciation">Asset growth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_asset" title="Capital asset">Capital asset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodity_market" title="Commodity market">Commodity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derivatives_market" title="Derivatives market">Derivatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domain_name_speculation" title="Domain name speculation">Domains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equity_(finance)" title="Equity (finance)">Equity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_exchange_market" title="Foreign exchange market">Foreign exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Money_market" title="Money market">Money</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Over-the-counter_(finance)" title="Over-the-counter (finance)">Over-the-counter</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_equity" title="Private equity">Private equity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_estate" title="Real estate">Real estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spot_market" title="Spot market">Spot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_market" title="Stock market">Stock</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e9e9ff;font-weight:normal;font-style:italic;"> <a href="/wiki/Financial_market_participants" title="Financial market participants">Participants</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angel_investor" title="Angel investor">Angel investor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bull_(stock_market_speculator)" title="Bull (stock market speculator)">Bull (stock market speculator)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_planner" title="Financial planner">Financial planner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investor" title="Investor">Investor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Institutional_investor" title="Institutional investor">institutional</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retail" title="Retail">Retail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speculation" title="Speculation">Speculator</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e9e9ff;font-weight:normal;font-style:italic;"> <a href="/wiki/Financial_centre" title="Financial centre">Locations</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Financial_centre" title="Financial centre">Financial centres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offshore_financial_centre" title="Offshore financial centre">Offshore financial centres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conduit_and_sink_OFCs" title="Conduit and sink OFCs">Conduit and sink OFCs</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Financial_instrument" title="Financial instrument">Instruments</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:2.0em;padding-right:2.0em;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bond_(finance)" title="Bond (finance)">Bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cash" title="Cash">Cash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collateralised_debt_obligation" class="mw-redirect" title="Collateralised debt obligation">Collateralised debt obligation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Credit_default_swap" title="Credit default swap">Credit default swap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_deposit" title="Time deposit">Time deposit</a> (<a href="/wiki/Certificate_of_deposit" title="Certificate of deposit">certificate of deposit</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_of_credit" title="Line of credit">Credit line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deposit_account" title="Deposit account">Deposit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derivative_(finance)" title="Derivative (finance)">Derivative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futures_contract" title="Futures contract">Futures contract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indemnity" title="Indemnity">Indemnity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurance" title="Insurance">Insurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letter_of_credit" title="Letter of credit">Letter of credit</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Loan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortgage" title="Mortgage">Mortgage</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Option_(finance)" title="Option (finance)">Option</a> (<a href="/wiki/Call_option" title="Call option">call</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Exotic_option" title="Exotic option">exotic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Put_option" title="Put option">put</a>)</li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Performance_bonds" class="mw-redirect" title="Performance bonds">Performance bonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repurchase_agreement" title="Repurchase agreement">Repurchase agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock" title="Stock">Stock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_(finance)" title="Security (finance)">Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syndicated_loan" title="Syndicated loan">Syndicated loan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthetic_CDO" title="Synthetic CDO">Synthetic CDO</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Corporate_finance" title="Corporate finance">Corporate</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e9e9ff;font-weight:normal;font-style:italic;"> General</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accounting" title="Accounting">Accounting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audit" title="Audit">Audit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_budgeting" title="Capital budgeting">Capital budgeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_structure" title="Capital structure">Capital structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_finance" title="Corporate finance">Corporate finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Credit_rating_agency" title="Credit rating agency">Credit rating agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enterprise_risk_management" title="Enterprise risk management">Enterprise risk management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enterprise_value" title="Enterprise value">Enterprise value</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_risk_management" title="Financial risk management">Risk management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_statement" title="Financial statement">Financial statements</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e9e9ff;font-weight:normal;font-style:italic;"> Transactions</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leveraged_buyout" title="Leveraged buyout">Leveraged buyout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mergers_and_acquisitions" title="Mergers and acquisitions">Mergers and acquisitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structured_finance" title="Structured finance">Structured finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venture_capital" title="Venture capital">Venture capital</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e9e9ff;font-weight:normal;font-style:italic;"> <a href="/wiki/Corporate_tax" title="Corporate tax">Taxation</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Base_erosion_and_profit_shifting" title="Base erosion and profit shifting">Base erosion and profit shifting</a> (BEPS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_tax_haven" class="mw-redirect" title="Corporate tax haven">Corporate tax haven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_inversion" title="Tax inversion">Tax inversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_haven" title="Tax haven">Tax haven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfer_pricing" title="Transfer pricing">Transfer pricing</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Personal_finance" title="Personal finance">Personal</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Credit_(finance)" class="mw-redirect" title="Credit (finance)">Credit</a> / <a href="/wiki/Consumer_debt" title="Consumer debt">Debt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Employment_contract" title="Employment contract">Employment contract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_planner" title="Financial planner">Financial planning</a></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Retirement" title="Retirement">Retirement</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Student_loan" title="Student loan">Student loan</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Public_finance" title="Public finance">Public</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e9e9ff;font-weight:normal;font-style:italic;;display:block;margin-top:0.15em;"> <a href="/wiki/Government_spending" title="Government spending">Government spending</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_final_consumption_expenditure" title="Government final consumption expenditure">Final consumption expenditure</a></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_operations" class="mw-redirect" title="Government operations">Operations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Redistribution_of_income_and_wealth" title="Redistribution of income and wealth">Redistribution</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfer_payment" title="Transfer payment">Transfer payment</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e9e9ff;font-weight:normal;font-style:italic;"> <a href="/wiki/Government_revenue" title="Government revenue">Government revenue</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.15em;;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;"> <ul><li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tax" title="Tax">Taxation</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Deficit_spending" title="Deficit spending">Deficit spending</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_budget" title="Government budget">Budget</a> (<a href="/wiki/Government_budget_balance" title="Government budget balance">balance</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Government_debt" title="Government debt">Debt</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-tax_revenue" title="Non-tax revenue">Non-tax revenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warrant_of_payment" title="Warrant of payment">Warrant of payment</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Bank" title="Bank">Banking</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_bank" title="Central bank">Central bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deposit_account" title="Deposit account">Deposit account</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fractional-reserve_banking" title="Fractional-reserve banking">Fractional-reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full-reserve_banking" title="Full-reserve banking">Full-reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investment_banking" title="Investment banking">Investment banking</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Loan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Money_supply" title="Money supply">Money supply</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_banks" title="Lists of banks">Lists of banks</a></li></ul> <table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e9e9ff;font-weight:normal;font-style:italic;;display:block;margin-top:0.15em;"> <a href="/wiki/Bank_regulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Bank regulation">Bank regulation</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banking_license" title="Banking license">Banking license</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basel_Accords" title="Basel Accords">Basel Accords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_for_International_Settlements" title="Bank for International Settlements">Bank for International Settlements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_Stability_Board" title="Financial Stability Board">Financial Stability Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deposit_insurance" title="Deposit insurance">Deposit insurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_investment_and_retail_banking" title="Separation of investment and retail banking">Separation of investment and retail banking</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Financial_regulation" title="Financial regulation">Regulation</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Financial_law" title="Financial law">Financial law</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Financial_Reporting_Standards" title="International Financial Reporting Standards">International Financial Reporting Standards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31000" title="ISO 31000">ISO 31000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_certification_in_financial_services" title="Professional certification in financial services">Professional certification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fund_governance" title="Fund governance">Fund governance</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Economic_history" title="Economic history">Economic history</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_private_equity_and_venture_capital" title="History of private equity and venture capital">Private equity and venture capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recession" title="Recession">Recession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_market_bubble" title="Stock market bubble">Stock market bubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_market_crash" title="Stock market crash">Stock market crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accounting_scandals" title="Accounting scandals">Accounting scandals</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_finance" title="Outline of finance">Outline</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem-money.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/20px-Emblem-money.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/40px-Emblem-money.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Business_and_Economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Business and Economics">Business and Economics portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Bills_and_coins.svg/17px-Bills_and_coins.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Bills_and_coins.svg/26px-Bills_and_coins.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Bills_and_coins.svg/34px-Bills_and_coins.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="465" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Money" title="Portal:Money">Money portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Finance_sidebar" title="Template:Finance sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Finance_sidebar" title="Template talk:Finance sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Finance_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Finance sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on <a href="/wiki/Financial_services" title="Financial services">financial services</a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#efefef;padding:0.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Bank" title="Bank">Banking</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Community_Noun_project_39956.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Community_Noun_project_39956.svg/120px-Community_Noun_project_39956.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Community_Noun_project_39956.svg/180px-Community_Noun_project_39956.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Community_Noun_project_39956.svg/240px-Community_Noun_project_39956.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="56" data-file-height="59" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;;color: var(--color-base)">Types of banks</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advising_bank" title="Advising bank">Advising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banq_(term)" class="mw-redirect" title="Banq (term)">Banq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulge_bracket" title="Bulge bracket">Bulge bracket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_bank" title="Central bank">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_bank" title="Commercial bank">Commercial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_development_bank" title="Community development bank">Community development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperative_banking" title="Cooperative banking">Cooperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Credit_union" title="Credit union">Credit union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Custodian_bank" title="Custodian bank">Custodian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Depository_bank" title="Depository bank">Depository</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_finance_institution" title="Development finance institution">Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_bank" title="Direct bank">Direct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Export_credit_agency" title="Export credit agency">Export credit agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investment_banking" title="Investment banking">Investment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_loan_company" title="Industrial loan company">Industrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merchant_bank" title="Merchant bank">Merchant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulge_Bracket#Middle_Market" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulge Bracket">Middle market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Money_center_bank" title="Money center bank">Money center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutual_savings_bank" title="Mutual savings bank">Mutual savings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neobank" title="Neobank">Neobank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offshore_bank" title="Offshore bank">Offshore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participation_banking" title="Participation banking">Participation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Payments_bank" title="Payments bank">Payments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postal_savings_system" title="Postal savings system">Postal savings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_bank" title="Private bank">Private</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_bank" title="Public bank">Public</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retail_banking" title="Retail banking">Retail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savings_bank" title="Savings bank">Savings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savings_and_loan_association" title="Savings and loan association">Savings and loan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_bank" title="Universal bank">Universal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wholesale_banking" title="Wholesale banking">Wholesale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_holding_company" title="Bank holding company">Bank holding company</a></li></ul> <i><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_banks" title="Lists of banks">Lists of banks</a></i></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Bank_account" title="Bank account">Accounts</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bank_card" title="Bank card">Cards</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e9e9ff;font-weight:normal; display:block;margin-top:0.15em;"> Accounts</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_club" title="Christmas club">Christmas club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deposit_account" title="Deposit account">Deposit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Money_market_account" title="Money market account">Money-market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savings_account" title="Savings account">Savings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_deposit" title="Time deposit">Time deposit (Bond)</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Transaction_account" title="Transaction account">Transaction (checking / current)</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e9e9ff;font-weight:normal; display:block;margin-top:0.15em;"> Cards</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATM_card" title="ATM card">ATM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Credit_card" title="Credit card">Credit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debit_card" title="Debit card">Debit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Credit_card#Prepaid_cards" title="Credit card">Prepaid</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;;color: var(--color-base)">Funds transfer</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cheque" title="Cheque">Cheque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Payment_card" title="Payment card">Card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_funds_transfer" title="Electronic funds transfer">Electronic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_bill_payment" title="Electronic bill payment">Bill payment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_payment" title="Mobile payment">Mobile</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wire_transfer" title="Wire transfer">Wire</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Real-time_gross_settlement" title="Real-time gross settlement">RTGS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Net_settlement" title="Net settlement">NS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automated_clearing_house" title="Automated clearing house">ACH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instant_payment" title="Instant payment">Instant payment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giro_(banking)" title="Giro (banking)">Giro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SWIFT" title="SWIFT">SWIFT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Correspondent_account" title="Correspondent account">Correspondent account</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CLS_Group#Operations" title="CLS Group">CLS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-Border_Interbank_Payment_System" title="Cross-Border Interbank Payment System">CIPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPFS" title="SPFS">SPFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BRICS_PAY" title="BRICS PAY">BRICS PAY</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;;color: var(--color-base)">Terms</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asset" title="Asset">Asset</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asset_allocation" title="Asset allocation">allocation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asset_and_liability_management" title="Asset and liability management">management</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automated_teller_machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Automated teller machine">Automated teller machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bad_debt" title="Bad debt">Bad debt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_regulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Bank regulation">Bank regulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_secrecy" title="Bank secrecy">Bank secrecy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_appreciation" title="Capital appreciation">Asset growth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_asset" title="Capital asset">Capital asset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cash" title="Cash">Cash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_finance" title="Climate finance">Climate finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_finance" title="Corporate finance">Corporate finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disinvestment" title="Disinvestment">Disinvestment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversification_(finance)" title="Diversification (finance)">Diversification (finance)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-investing" title="Eco-investing">Eco-investing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_bubble" title="Economic bubble">Economic bubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_expansion" title="Economic expansion">Economic expansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enterprise_value" title="Enterprise value">Enterprise value</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enterprise_risk_management" title="Enterprise risk management">Enterprise risk management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_finance" title="Environmental finance">Environmental finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental,_social,_and_governance" title="Environmental, social, and governance">ESG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethical_banking" title="Ethical banking">Ethical banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finance" title="Finance">Financial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Financial_analysis" title="Financial analysis">analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_analyst" title="Financial analyst">analyst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_asset" title="Financial asset">asset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_economics" title="Financial economics">economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_engineering" title="Financial engineering">engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_forecast" title="Financial forecast">forecast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_plan" title="Financial plan">plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_planner" title="Financial planner">planner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_services" title="Financial services">services</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fractional-reserve_banking" title="Fractional-reserve banking">Fractional-reserve banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full-reserve_banking" title="Full-reserve banking">Full-reserve banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamental_analysis" title="Fundamental analysis">Fundamental analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Growth_investing" title="Growth investing">Growth investing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedge_(finance)" title="Hedge (finance)">Hedge (finance)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_investing" title="Impact investing">Impact investing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investment_advisory" title="Investment advisory">Investment advisory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investment_management" title="Investment management">Investment management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_banking_and_finance" title="Islamic banking and finance">Islamic banking</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Loan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathematical_finance" title="Mathematical finance">Mathematical finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_banking" title="Mobile banking">Mobile banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Money_creation" title="Money creation">Money creation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pension_fund" title="Pension fund">Pension fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_banking" title="Private banking">Private banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainability" title="Sustainability">Sustainability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_finance" title="Sustainable finance">Sustainable finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speculation" title="Speculation">Speculation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistical_finance" title="Statistical finance">Statistical finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_financial_management" title="Strategic financial management">Strategic financial management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stress_test_(financial)" title="Stress test (financial)">Stress test (financial)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structured_finance" title="Structured finance">Structured finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structured_product" title="Structured product">Structured product</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toxic_asset" title="Toxic asset">Toxic asset</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asset_pricing" title="Asset pricing">Asset pricing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bond_(finance)" title="Bond (finance)">Bond (finance)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_structure" title="Capital structure">Capital structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_finance" title="Corporate finance">Corporate finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cost_of_capital" title="Cost of capital">Cost of capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equity_(finance)" title="Equity (finance)">Equity (finance)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethical_banking" title="Ethical banking">Ethical banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exchange_traded_fund" class="mw-redirect" title="Exchange traded fund">Exchange traded fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finance" title="Finance">Financial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_law" title="Financial law">law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Financial_market" title="Financial market">market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_market_participants" title="Financial market participants">participants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_regulation" title="Financial regulation">regulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_risk" title="Financial risk">risk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_system" title="Financial system">system</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_banking" title="History of banking">History of banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_(alphabetical)" title="List of banks (alphabetical)">List of banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_risk" title="Market risk">Market risk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_finance" title="Personal finance">Personal finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_finance" title="Public finance">Public finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_(finance)" title="Security (finance)">Security (finance)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Share_(finance)" title="Share (finance)">Shares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_development_goals" class="mw-redirect" title="Sustainable development goals">Sustainable development goals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systematic_risk" title="Systematic risk">Systematic risk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systemic_risk" title="Systemic risk">Systemic risk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_value_of_money" title="Time value of money">Time value of money</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Too_big_to_fail" title="Too big to fail">Too big to fail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Too_connected_to_fail" title="Too connected to fail">Too connected to fail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watered_stock" title="Watered stock">Watered stock</a></li></ul> <ol><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ol></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below hlist"> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/20px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/40px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Banking" title="Category:Banking">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Banking" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Banking">Commons</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/20px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/40px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Banking" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Banking">Portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Banking" title="Template:Banking"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Banking" title="Template talk:Banking"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Banking" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Banking"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Finance" title="Finance">finance</a>, a <b>loan</b> is the tender of <a href="/wiki/Money" title="Money">money</a> by one party to another with an agreement to pay it back. The recipient, or borrower, incurs a <a href="/wiki/Debt" title="Debt">debt</a> and is usually required to pay <a href="/wiki/Interest" title="Interest">interest</a> for the use of the money. </p><p>The document evidencing the debt (e.g., a <a href="/wiki/Promissory_note" title="Promissory note">promissory note</a>) will normally specify, among other things, the principal amount of money borrowed, the <a href="/wiki/Interest_rate" title="Interest rate">interest rate</a> the lender is charging, and the date of repayment. A loan entails the reallocation of the subject <a href="/wiki/Asset" title="Asset">asset</a>(s) for a period of time, between the <a href="/wiki/Lender" class="mw-redirect" title="Lender">lender</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Borrower" class="mw-redirect" title="Borrower">borrower</a>. </p><p>The interest provides an incentive for the lender to engage in the loan. In a legal loan, each of these obligations and restrictions is enforced by <a href="/wiki/Contract" title="Contract">contract</a>, which can also place the borrower under additional restrictions known as <a href="/wiki/Loan_covenant" title="Loan covenant">loan covenants</a>. Although this article focuses on monetary loans, in practice, any material object might be lent. </p><p>Acting as a provider of loans is one of the main activities of <a href="/wiki/Financial_institution" title="Financial institution">financial institutions</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Bank" title="Bank">banks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Credit_card" title="Credit card">credit card</a> companies. For other institutions, issuing of debt contracts such as <a href="/wiki/Bond_(finance)" title="Bond (finance)">bonds</a> is a typical source of funding. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Paperless_loan" title="Paperless loan">Paperless loan</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Secured">Secured</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Secured"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Loan_guarantee" title="Loan guarantee">Loan guarantee</a></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Secured_loan" title="Secured loan">secured loan</a> is a form of debt in which the borrower <a href="/wiki/Pledge_(law)" title="Pledge (law)">pledges</a> some asset (i.e., a car, a house) as <a href="/wiki/Collateral_(finance)" title="Collateral (finance)">collateral</a>. </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Mortgage_loan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mortgage loan">mortgage loan</a> is a very common type of loan, used by many individuals to purchase residential or commercial property. The lender, usually a financial institution, is given security –  a <a href="/wiki/Lien" title="Lien">lien</a> on the title to the property –  until the mortgage is paid off in full. In the case of home loans, if the <a href="/wiki/Borrower" class="mw-redirect" title="Borrower">borrower</a> <a href="/wiki/Default_(finance)" title="Default (finance)">defaults</a> on the loan, the bank would have the legal right to repossess the house and sell it, to recover sums owing to it. <a href="/wiki/Loan_modification" class="mw-redirect" title="Loan modification">Loan modification</a> can avoid defaults.<sup id="cite_ref-u733_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-u733-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Similarly, a loan taken out to buy a car may be secured by the car. The duration of the loan is much shorter –  often corresponding to the useful life of the car. There are two types of auto loans, direct and indirect. In a direct auto loan, a bank lends the money directly to a consumer. In an indirect auto loan, a car dealership (or a connected company) acts as an intermediary between the bank or financial institution and the consumer. </p><p>Other forms of secured loans include loans against securities – such as shares, mutual funds, bonds, etc. This particular instrument issues customers a line of credit based on the quality of the securities pledged. Gold loans are issued to customers after evaluating the quantity and quality of gold in the items pledged. Corporate entities can also take out secured lending by pledging the company's assets, including the company itself. The interest rates for secured loans are usually lower than those of unsecured loans. Usually, the lending institution employs people (on a roll or on a contract basis) to evaluate the quality of pledged collateral before sanctioning the loan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unsecured">Unsecured</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Unsecured"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Unsecured_debt" title="Unsecured debt">Unsecured loans</a> are monetary loans that are not secured against the borrower's assets. These may be available from financial institutions under many different guises or marketing packages: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Credit_card" title="Credit card">Credit cards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unsecured_debt" title="Unsecured debt">Personal loans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank" title="Bank">Bank</a> <a href="/wiki/Overdraft" title="Overdraft">overdrafts</a></li> <li>Credit facilities or lines of credit</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_bond" title="Corporate bond">Corporate bonds</a> (may be secured or unsecured)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peer-to-peer_lending" title="Peer-to-peer lending">Peer-to-peer lending</a></li></ul> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Interest_rate" title="Interest rate">interest rates</a> applicable to these different forms may vary depending on the lender and the borrower. These may or may not be regulated by law. In the United Kingdom, when applied to individuals, these may come under the <a href="/wiki/Consumer_Credit_Act_1974" title="Consumer Credit Act 1974">Consumer Credit Act 1974</a>. </p><p>Interest rates on unsecured loans are nearly always higher than for secured loans because an unsecured lender's options for recourse against the borrower in the event of <a href="/wiki/Default_(finance)" title="Default (finance)">default</a> are severely limited, subjecting the lender to higher risk compared to that encountered for a secured loan. An unsecured lender must sue the borrower, obtain a money judgment for breach of contract, and then pursue execution of the judgment against the borrower's unencumbered assets (that is, the ones not already pledged to secured lenders). In insolvency proceedings, secured lenders traditionally have priority over unsecured lenders when a court divides up the borrower's assets. Thus, a higher interest rate reflects the additional risk that in the event of insolvency, the debt may be uncollectible. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Demand">Demand</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Demand"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Demand loans are short-term loans<sup id="cite_ref-Signoriello1991_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Signoriello1991-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that typically do not have fixed dates for repayment. Instead, demand loans carry a <a href="/wiki/Floating_interest_rate" title="Floating interest rate">floating interest rate</a>, which varies according to the <a href="/wiki/Prime_rate" title="Prime rate">prime lending rate</a> or other defined contract terms. Demand loans can be "called" for repayment by the lending institution at any time.<sup id="cite_ref-IncorporatedEditors2008_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IncorporatedEditors2008-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Demand loans may be unsecured or secured. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subsidized">Subsidized<span class="anchor" id="Subsidized_loan"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Subsidized"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A subsidized loan is a loan on which the interest is reduced by an explicit or hidden <a href="/wiki/Subsidy" title="Subsidy">subsidy</a>. In the context of college loans in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, it refers to a loan on which no interest is accrued while a student remains enrolled in education.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Concessional">Concessional</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loan&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Concessional"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A concessional loan, sometimes called a "soft loan", is granted on terms substantially more generous than market loans either through below-market interest rates, by grace periods, or a combination of both.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such loans may be made by foreign governments to developing countries or may be offered to employees of lending institutions as an <a href="/wiki/Employee_benefits" title="Employee benefits">employee benefit</a> (sometimes called a <i>perk</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Target_markets">Target markets</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loan&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Target markets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Loans can also be categorized according to whether the debtor is an individual person (consumer) or a business. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Personal">Personal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loan&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Personal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Credit_(finance)#Consumer_credit" class="mw-redirect" title="Credit (finance)">Credit (finance) § Consumer credit</a></div> <p>Common personal loans include <a href="/wiki/Mortgage_loan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mortgage loan">mortgage loans</a>, car loans, home equity lines of credit, <a href="/wiki/Credit_card" title="Credit card">credit cards</a>, <a href="/wiki/Installment_loan" title="Installment loan">installment loans</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Payday_lending" class="mw-redirect" title="Payday lending">payday loans</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Credit_score" title="Credit score">credit score</a> of the borrower is a major component in underwriting and interest rates (<a href="/wiki/Annual_percentage_rate" title="Annual percentage rate">APR</a>) of these loans. The monthly payments of personal loans can be decreased by selecting longer payment terms, but overall interest paid increases as well.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A personal loan can be obtained from banks, alternative (non-bank) lenders, online loan providers and private lenders. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commercial">Commercial</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loan&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Commercial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Business_loan" title="Business loan">Business loan</a></div> <p>Loans to businesses are similar to the above but also include <a href="/wiki/Commercial_mortgage" title="Commercial mortgage">commercial mortgages</a> and <a href="/wiki/Corporate_bond" title="Corporate bond">corporate bonds</a> and government guaranteed loans Underwriting is not based upon credit score but rather <a href="/wiki/Credit_rating" title="Credit rating">credit rating</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Loan_payment">Loan payment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loan&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Loan payment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The most typical loan payment type is the fully <a href="/wiki/Amortizing_loan" title="Amortizing loan">amortizing</a> payment in which each monthly rate has the same value over time.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The fixed monthly payment <i>P</i> for a loan of <i>L</i> for <i>n</i> months and a monthly interest rate <i>c</i> is: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P=L\cdot {\frac {c\,(1+c)^{n}}{(1+c)^{n}-1}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>P</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>L</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>c</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mi>c</mi> <msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mi>c</mi> <msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P=L\cdot {\frac {c\,(1+c)^{n}}{(1+c)^{n}-1}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/cfa673b7d37afaaa159943bc51b2d23cbee8de0c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:20.982ex; height:6.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P=L\cdot {\frac {c\,(1+c)^{n}}{(1+c)^{n}-1}}}" /></span></dd></dl> <p>For more information, see <a href="/wiki/Compound_interest#Monthly_amortized_loan_or_mortgage_payments" title="Compound interest">monthly amortized loan or mortgage payments</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Abuses_in_lending">Abuses in lending</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loan&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Abuses in lending"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Predatory_lending" title="Predatory lending">Predatory lending</a> is one form of abuse in the granting of loans. It usually involves granting a loan in order to put the borrower in a position that one can gain advantage over them; subprime mortgage-lending<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and payday-lending<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are two examples, where the moneylender is not authorized or <a href="/wiki/Financial_regulation" title="Financial regulation">regulated</a>, the lender could be considered a <a href="/wiki/Loan_shark" title="Loan shark">loan shark</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Usury" title="Usury">Usury</a> is a different form of abuse, where the lender charges excessive interest. In different time periods and cultures, the acceptable interest rate has varied, from no interest at all as in the <a href="/wiki/Biblical" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblical">biblical</a> prescript,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to unlimited interest rates. Credit card companies in some countries have been accused by <a href="/wiki/Consumer_organization" title="Consumer organization">consumer organizations</a> of lending at usurious interest rates and making money out of frivolous "extra charges".<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Abuses can also take place in the form of the customer defrauding the lender by borrowing without intending to repay the loan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="United_States_taxes">United States taxes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loan&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: United States taxes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most of the basic rules governing how loans are handled for tax purposes in the United States are codified by both Congress (the Internal Revenue Code) and the Treasury Department (Treasury Regulations –  another set of rules that interpret the Internal Revenue Code).<sup id="cite_ref-donaldson_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-donaldson-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 111">: 111 </span></sup> </p> <ol><li>A loan is not gross income to the borrower.<sup id="cite_ref-donaldson_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-donaldson-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 111">: 111 </span></sup> Since the borrower has the obligation to repay the loan, the borrower has no accession to wealth.<sup id="cite_ref-donaldson_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-donaldson-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 111">: 111 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The lender may not deduct (from own gross income) the amount of the loan.<sup id="cite_ref-donaldson_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-donaldson-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 111">: 111 </span></sup> The rationale here is that one asset (the cash) has been converted into a different asset (a promise of repayment).<sup id="cite_ref-donaldson_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-donaldson-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 111">: 111 </span></sup> Deductions are not typically available when an outlay serves to create a new or different asset.<sup id="cite_ref-donaldson_12-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-donaldson-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 111">: 111 </span></sup></li> <li>The amount paid to satisfy the loan obligation is not deductible (from own gross income) by the borrower.<sup id="cite_ref-donaldson_12-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-donaldson-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 111">: 111 </span></sup></li> <li>Repayment of the loan is not gross income to the lender.<sup id="cite_ref-donaldson_12-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-donaldson-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 111">: 111 </span></sup> In effect, the promise of repayment is converted back to cash, with no accession to wealth by the lender.<sup id="cite_ref-donaldson_12-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-donaldson-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 111">: 111 </span></sup></li> <li>Interest paid to the lender is included in the lender's gross income.<sup id="cite_ref-donaldson_12-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-donaldson-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 111">: 111 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Interest paid represents compensation for the use of the lender's money or property and thus represents profit or an accession to wealth to the lender.<sup id="cite_ref-donaldson_12-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-donaldson-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 111">: 111 </span></sup> Interest income can be attributed to lenders even if the lender does not charge a minimum amount of interest.<sup id="cite_ref-donaldson_12-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-donaldson-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 112">: 112 </span></sup></li> <li>Interest paid to the lender may be deductible by the borrower.<sup id="cite_ref-donaldson_12-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-donaldson-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 111">: 111 </span></sup> In general, interest paid in connection with the borrower's business activity is deductible, while interest paid on personal loans are not deductible.<sup id="cite_ref-donaldson_12-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-donaldson-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 111">: 111 </span></sup> The major exception here is interest paid on a home mortgage.<sup id="cite_ref-donaldson_12-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-donaldson-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 111">: 111 </span></sup></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Income_from_discharge_of_indebtedness">Income from discharge of indebtedness</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loan&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Income from discharge of indebtedness"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although a loan does not start out as income to the borrower, it becomes income to the borrower if the borrower is discharged of indebtedness.<sup id="cite_ref-donaldson_12-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-donaldson-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 111">: 111 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, if a debt is discharged, then the borrower essentially has received income equal to the amount of the indebtedness. The <a href="/wiki/Internal_Revenue_Code" title="Internal Revenue Code">Internal Revenue Code</a> lists "Income from Discharge of Indebtedness" in Section 61(a)(12) as a source of <a href="/wiki/Gross_income" title="Gross income">gross income</a>. </p><p>Example: X owes Y $50,000. If Y discharges the indebtedness, then X no longer owes Y $50,000. For purposes of calculating income, this is treated the same way as if Y gave X $50,000. </p><p>For a more detailed description of the "discharge of indebtedness", look at Section 108 (<a href="/wiki/Cancellation-of-debt_income" title="Cancellation-of-debt income">Cancellation-of-debt income</a>) of the <a href="/wiki/Internal_Revenue_Code" title="Internal Revenue Code">Internal Revenue Code</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loan&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 35em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/0%25_finance" title="0% finance">0% finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annual_percentage_rate" title="Annual percentage rate">Annual percentage rate</a> (a.k.a. <a href="/wiki/Effective_annual_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Effective annual rate">Effective annual rate</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auto_loan" class="mw-redirect" title="Auto loan">Auto loan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank" title="Bank">Bank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fractional-reserve_banking" title="Fractional-reserve banking">Fractional-reserve banking</a>, <a href="/wiki/Building_society" title="Building society">Building society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debt" title="Debt">Debt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Consumer_debt" title="Consumer debt">Consumer debt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Debt_consolidation" title="Debt consolidation">Debt consolidation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Government_debt" title="Government debt">Government debt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Default_(finance)" title="Default (finance)">Default (finance)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finance" title="Finance">Finance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Personal_finance" title="Personal finance">Personal finance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Settlement_(finance)" title="Settlement (finance)">Settlement (finance)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interest-only_loan" title="Interest-only loan">Interest-only loan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Negative_amortization" title="Negative amortization">Negative amortization</a>, <a href="/wiki/PIK_loan" title="PIK loan">PIK loan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_financing" title="Legal financing">Legal financing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leveraged_loan" class="mw-redirect" title="Leveraged loan">Leveraged loan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loan_agreement" title="Loan agreement">Loan agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loan_guarantee" title="Loan guarantee">Loan guarantee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loan_sale" title="Loan sale">Loan sale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loans_and_interest_in_Judaism" title="Loans and interest in Judaism">Loans and interest in Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pay_it_forward" title="Pay it forward">Pay it forward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Payday_loan" title="Payday loan">Payday loan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refund_Anticipation_Loan" class="mw-redirect" title="Refund Anticipation Loan">Refund Anticipation Loan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sponsored_repayment" title="Sponsored repayment">Sponsored repayment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_contract" title="Smart contract">Smart contract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_loan" title="Student loan">Student loan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syndicated_loan" title="Syndicated loan">Syndicated loan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_loan" title="Title loan">Title loan</a></li></ul></div> <p><b>US specific:</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115" /><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 35em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FAFSA" title="FAFSA">FAFSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_student_loan_consolidation" title="Federal student loan consolidation">Federal student loan consolidation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Perkins_Loan" title="Federal Perkins Loan">Federal Perkins Loan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_D._Sax" title="George D. Sax">George D. Sax</a> and the Exchange National Bank of Chicago - Innovation of instant loans</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stafford_loan" class="mw-redirect" title="Stafford loan">Stafford loan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_loan_default" class="mw-redirect" title="Student loan default">Student loan default</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loan&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-u733-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-u733_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGlancyKurtzmanLoewenstein2022" class="citation journal cs1">Glancy, David; Kurtzman, Robert J.; Loewenstein, Lara (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17016%2FFEDS.2022.050">"Loan Modifications and the Commercial Real Estate Market"</a>. <i>Finance and Economics Discussion Series</i> (<span class="nowrap">2022–</span>050): <span class="nowrap">1–</span>71. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17016%2FFEDS.2022.050">10.17016/FEDS.2022.050</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1936-2854">1936-2854</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Finance+and+Economics+Discussion+Series&rft.atitle=Loan+Modifications+and+the+Commercial+Real+Estate+Market&rft.issue=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E2022%E2%80%93%3C%2Fspan%3E050&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E71&rft.date=2022&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17016%2FFEDS.2022.050&rft.issn=1936-2854&rft.aulast=Glancy&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Kurtzman%2C+Robert+J.&rft.au=Loewenstein%2C+Lara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.17016%252FFEDS.2022.050&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALoan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Signoriello1991-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Signoriello1991_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSignoriello,_Vincent_J.1991" class="citation book cs1">Signoriello, Vincent J. (1991). <i>Commercial Loan Practices and Operations</i>. Bankers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55520-134-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55520-134-0"><bdi>978-1-55520-134-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Commercial+Loan+Practices+and+Operations&rft.pub=Bankers&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-1-55520-134-0&rft.au=Signoriello%2C+Vincent+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALoan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IncorporatedEditors2008-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IncorporatedEditors2008_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCCH_Incorporated2008" class="citation book cs1">CCH Incorporated (April 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JJxcMf_zcDEC&pg=PA631"><i>Federal Estate & Gift Taxes: Code & Regulations (Including Related Income Tax Provisions), As of March 2008</i></a>. CCH. pp. 631–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8080-1853-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8080-1853-7"><bdi>978-0-8080-1853-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210414031440/https://books.google.com/books?id=JJxcMf_zcDEC&pg=PA631">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-04-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-11-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Federal+Estate+%26+Gift+Taxes%3A+Code+%26+Regulations+%28Including+Related+Income+Tax+Provisions%29%2C+As+of+March+2008&rft.pages=631-&rft.pub=CCH&rft.date=2008-04&rft.isbn=978-0-8080-1853-7&rft.au=CCH+Incorporated&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJJxcMf_zcDEC%26pg%3DPA631&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALoan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://collegesavings.about.com/od/glossarydefinitions/g/subsidized-loan.htm">Subsidized Loan - Definition and Overview</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120304173612/http://collegesavings.about.com/od/glossarydefinitions/g/subsidized-loan.htm">Archived</a> 2012-03-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/About.com" class="mw-redirect" title="About.com">About.com</a></i>. 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August 6, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170806181709/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-auto-loans-idUSBRE9240KQ20130305">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-08-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-08-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Average+new-car+loan+a+record+65+months+in+fourth+quarter&rft.date=2017-08-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-auto-loans-idUSBRE9240KQ20130305&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALoan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGuttentag2007" class="citation news cs1">Guttentag, Jack (October 6, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/10/05/AR2007100501165.html">"The Math Behind Your Home Loan"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121110190731/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/10/05/AR2007100501165.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 10, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 11,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=The+Math+Behind+Your+Home+Loan&rft.date=2007-10-06&rft.aulast=Guttentag&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2007%2F10%2F05%2FAR2007100501165.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALoan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://money.cnn.com/2000/04/18/home_auto/q_lend/">"Predators try to steal home"</a>. <i>CNN Money</i>. 18 Apr 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180308041705/http://money.cnn.com/2000/04/18/home_auto/q_lend/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 Mar</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN+Money&rft.atitle=Predators+try+to+steal+home&rft.date=2000-04-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoney.cnn.com%2F2000%2F04%2F18%2Fhome_auto%2Fq_lend%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALoan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHorsleyArnold2016" class="citation news cs1">Horsley, Scott; Arnold, Chris (2 Jun 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/06/02/480329986/new-rules-to-ban-payday-lending-debt-traps">"New Rules To Ban Payday Lending 'Debt Traps'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Public_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="National Public Radio">National Public Radio</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180308042507/https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/06/02/480329986/new-rules-to-ban-payday-lending-debt-traps">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 Mar</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Public+Radio&rft.atitle=New+Rules+To+Ban+Payday+Lending+%27Debt+Traps%27&rft.date=2016-06-02&rft.aulast=Horsley&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft.au=Arnold%2C+Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fsections%2Fthetwo-way%2F2016%2F06%2F02%2F480329986%2Fnew-rules-to-ban-payday-lending-debt-traps&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALoan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Exodus%2022:25&version=nrsv">Exodus 22:25</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190120183520/https://www.financialexpress.com/">"Credit cardholders pay Rs 6,000 cr 'extra'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The Financial Express (India)</i>. Chennai, India. 3 May 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.financialexpress.com/latest_full_story.php?content_id=163028">the original</a> on January 20, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Financial+Express+%28India%29&rft.atitle=Credit+cardholders+pay+Rs+6%2C000+cr+%27extra%27&rft.date=2007-05-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.financialexpress.com%2Flatest_full_story.php%3Fcontent_id%3D163028&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALoan" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cornerstonesupport.com/usury-example/">Alt URL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190120093655/https://cornerstonesupport.com/usury-example/">Archived</a> 2019-01-20 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-donaldson-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-donaldson_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-donaldson_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-donaldson_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-donaldson_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-donaldson_12-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-donaldson_12-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-donaldson_12-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-donaldson_12-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-donaldson_12-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-donaldson_12-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-donaldson_12-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-donaldson_12-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-donaldson_12-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-donaldson_12-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-donaldson_12-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-donaldson_12-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Samuel A. Donaldson, Federal Income Taxation of Individuals: Cases, Problems and Materials, 2nd Ed. (2007).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>See Commissioner v. Glenshaw Glass Co.</i>, 348 U.S. 426 (1955) (giving the three-prong standard for what is "income" for tax purposes: (1) accession to wealth, (2) clearly realized, (3) over which the taxpayer has complete dominion).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">26 U.S.C. 61(a)(4)(2007).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">26 U.S.C. 61(a)(12)(2007).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">26 U.S.C. 108(2007).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">EUGENE A. LUDWIG AND PAUL A. VOLCKER, 16 November 2012 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887324556304578120721147710286">Banks Need Long-Term Rainy Day Funds</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170710025011/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887324556304578120721147710286">Archived</a> 2017-07-10 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output 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