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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pattavali</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="border-collapse:collapse; text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background: #F5DEB3">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Jainism" title="Category:Jainism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background: #F5DEB3"><a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg/110px-Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg/165px-Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg/220px-Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1124" data-file-height="1934" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above hlist" style="padding-bottom:0.35em; border:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jains" title="List of Jains">Jains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Jainism" title="History of Jainism">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Jainism" title="Timeline of Jainism">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Jainism-related_articles" title="Index of Jainism-related articles">Index</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #F5DEB3;padding-bottom:0; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Jain_philosophy" title="Jain philosophy">Philosophy</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0px ; border: 2px solid #F5DEB3"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anekantavada" title="Anekantavada">Anekantavada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jain_cosmology" title="Jain cosmology">Cosmology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahimsa_in_Jainism" title="Ahimsa in Jainism">Ahimsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karma_in_Jainism" title="Karma in Jainism">Karma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharma_(Jainism)" title="Dharma (Jainism)">Dharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moksha_(Jainism)" title="Moksha (Jainism)">Mokṣa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevala_Jnana" class="mw-redirect" title="Kevala Jnana">Kevala Jnana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dravya" title="Dravya">Dravya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tattva_(Jainism)" title="Tattva (Jainism)">Tattva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmacarya" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmacarya">Brahmacarya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-possession" title="Non-possession">Aparigraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunasthana" title="Gunasthana">Gunasthana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%E1%B9%83s%C4%81ra_(Jainism)" title="Saṃsāra (Jainism)">Saṃsāra</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #F5DEB3;padding-bottom:0; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Ethics</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0px ; border: 2px solid #F5DEB3"><a href="/wiki/Ethics_of_Jainism" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethics of Jainism">Ethics of Jainism</a> <dl><dd><b>Mahavratas (major vows)</b></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahimsa_in_Jainism" title="Ahimsa in Jainism">Ahiṃsā (non-violence)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satya#Jainism" title="Satya">Satya (truth)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteya#Jainism" class="mw-redirect" title="Asteya">Asteya (non-stealing)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmacarya#In_Jainism" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmacarya">Brahmacarya (chastity)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-possession" title="Non-possession">Aparigraha (non-possession)</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><b>Anuvratas (further vows)</b></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S%C4%81m%C4%81yika" title="Sāmāyika">Sāmāyika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sallekhana" title="Sallekhana">Sallekhana</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #F5DEB3;padding-bottom:0; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Jain prayers</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0px ; border: 2px solid #F5DEB3"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhaktamara_Stotra" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhaktamara Stotra">Bhaktamara Stotra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micchami_Dukkadam" title="Micchami Dukkadam">Micchami Dukkadam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navkar_Mantra" class="mw-redirect" title="Navkar Mantra">Navkar Mantra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namokar_Mantra" title="Namokar Mantra">Ṇamōkāra mantra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jai_Jinendra" title="Jai Jinendra">Jai Jinendra</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #F5DEB3;padding-bottom:0; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Major figures</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0px ; border: 2px solid #F5DEB3"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tirthankara" title="Tirthankara">The 24 Tirthankaras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rishabhanatha" title="Rishabhanatha">Rishabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parshvanatha" title="Parshvanatha">Pārśva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahavira" title="Mahavira">Mahavira</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arihant_(Jainism)" title="Arihant (Jainism)">Arihant</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganadhara" title="Ganadhara">Ganadhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kundakunda" title="Kundakunda">Kundakunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddhasena" title="Siddhasena">Siddhasena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samantabhadra_(Jain_monk)" title="Samantabhadra (Jain monk)">Samantabhadra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haribhadra" class="mw-redirect" title="Haribhadra">Haribhadra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yashovijaya" title="Yashovijaya">Yashovijaya</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #F5DEB3;padding-bottom:0; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Major sects</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0px ; border: 2px solid #F5DEB3"><a href="/wiki/Jain_schools_and_branches" title="Jain schools and branches">Schools and Branches</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digambara" title="Digambara">Digambara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Avet%C4%81mbara" title="Śvetāmbara">Śvetāmbara</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #F5DEB3;padding-bottom:0; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Jain_literature" title="Jain literature">Jain literature</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0px ; border: 2px solid #F5DEB3"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Samayas%C4%81ra" title="Samayasāra">Samayasāra (Digambara)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pravachanasara" title="Pravachanasara">Pravachanasara (Digambara)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jain_Agamas_(%C5%9Av%C4%93t%C4%81mbara)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jain Agamas (Śvētāmbara)">Agama (Śvetāmbara)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tattvartha_Sutra" title="Tattvartha Sutra">Tattvartha Sutra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dravyasamgraha" title="Dravyasamgraha">Dravyasamgraha (Digambara)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kalpa_S%C5%ABtra" title="Kalpa Sūtra">Kalpa Sūtra (Śvetāmbara)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Uttaradhyayana" title="Uttaradhyayana">Uttaradhyayana (Śvetāmbara)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/C%C4%ABvaka_Cint%C4%81ma%E1%B9%87i" title="Cīvaka Cintāmaṇi">Cīvaka Cintāmaṇi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Silappatikaram" class="mw-redirect" title="Silappatikaram">Silappatikaram</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Valayapathi" title="Valayapathi">Valayapathi</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #F5DEB3;padding-bottom:0; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Festivals</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0px ; border: 2px solid #F5DEB3"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diwali" title="Diwali">Diwali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahavir_Janma_Kalyanak" title="Mahavir Janma Kalyanak">Mahavir Janma Kalyanak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paryushana" title="Paryushana">Paryushana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samvatsari" title="Samvatsari">Samvatsari</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #F5DEB3;padding-bottom:0; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Pilgrimages</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0px ; border: 2px solid #F5DEB3"><a href="/wiki/Tirtha_(Jainism)" title="Tirtha (Jainism)">Tirth</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dilwara_Temples" title="Dilwara Temples">Abu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palitana_temples" title="Palitana temples">Palitana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girnar_Jain_temples" title="Girnar Jain temples">Girnar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shikharji" title="Shikharji">Shikharji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shravanabelagola" title="Shravanabelagola">Shravanabelagola</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #F5DEB3;padding-bottom:0; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Other</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0px ; border: 2px solid #F5DEB3"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ekendriya" title="Ekendriya">Ekendriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jain_temple" title="Jain temple">Temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jain_flag" title="Jain flag">Jain flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jain_symbols" title="Jain symbols">Jain symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parasparopagraho_Jivanam" title="Parasparopagraho Jivanam">Parasparopagraho Jivanam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Jainism-related_articles" title="Index of Jainism-related articles">Topics list</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below hlist" style="border-top:1px solid #F5DEB3;border-bottom:1px solid #F5DEB3;padding-bottom:0.4em;"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_religion_world.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/16px-P_religion_world.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/24px-P_religion_world.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/32px-P_religion_world.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Religion" title="Portal:Religion">Religion portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jainism" title="Template:Jainism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jainism" title="Template talk:Jainism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jainism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jainism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>Pattavali</b> (From Sanskrit patta: seat, avali: chain), <b>Sthaviravali</b> or <b>Theravali</b>, is a record of a spiritual lineage of heads of monastic orders. They are thus spiritual genealogies.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is generally presumed that two successive names are teacher and pupil. The term is applicable for all Indian religions, but is generally used for <a href="/wiki/Jain" class="mw-redirect" title="Jain">Jain</a> monastic orders. </p><p>There are several famous pattavalis which are often used to establish historical chronologies:<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Sarasvatigachchha Pattavali: Pattavali of the <a href="/wiki/Balatkara_Gana" title="Balatkara Gana">Balatkara Gana</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mula_Sangh" class="mw-redirect" title="Mula Sangh">Mula Sangh</a></li> <li>Tapagaccha Pattavali: Pattavali of <a href="/wiki/Tapa_Gachchha" class="mw-redirect" title="Tapa Gachchha">Tapa Gachchha</a></li> <li>Upkeśa Gaccha Pattavali: Pattavali of the <a href="/wiki/Upke%C5%9Ba_Gaccha" title="Upkeśa Gaccha">Upkeśa Gaccha</a> (now extinct), the oldest of all <i>pattavalis</i> of the Jain <i>sangha</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:22_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:22-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:02_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Kharataragachha Pattavali: Pattavali of <a href="/wiki/Kharatara_Gaccha" title="Kharatara Gaccha">Kharatara Gachchha</a></li></ul> <p>Glasenapp notes that although the chronological list mentioned in pattavali are valuable, it is not reliable.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pattavali&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Pattavali</i> states the lineage of Jain monks.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUpinder_Singh201626_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUpinder_Singh201626-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Jain_Monastic_Lineages">The Jain Monastic Lineages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pattavali&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: The Jain Monastic Lineages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to 600 AD inscription at <a href="/wiki/Sravanabelagola" class="mw-redirect" title="Sravanabelagola">Sravanabelagola</a>, Harivansha Purana, Jambuddvita Pannati and Kalpasutra, the <i>Pattavali</i> (lineage) after <a href="/wiki/Mahavira" title="Mahavira">Mahavira</a>, 24th <i><a href="/wiki/Tirthankara" title="Tirthankara">tirthankara</a></i>, until <a href="/wiki/Bhadrab%C4%81hu" title="Bhadrabāhu">Bhadrabāhu</a> is commonly recognized by both the sects without disputes. Differences arise from <a href="/wiki/Sthulabhadra" title="Sthulabhadra">Sthulabhadra</a> onwards, whose undisputed adherence to the <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Avet%C4%81mbara" title="Śvetāmbara">Śvetāmbara</a> is confirmed. <sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kalpasutra gives a lineage starting with Pushyagiri after Vajrasena ending with <a href="/wiki/Devardhigani_Kshamashraman" title="Devardhigani Kshamashraman">Devardhi Ksamashramana</a>, the president of the <a href="/wiki/Vallabhi_council" class="mw-redirect" title="Vallabhi council">Vallabhi council</a> under whom the principal <a href="/wiki/Jain_literature" title="Jain literature">canonical scriptures</a> of the <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Avet%C4%81mbara" title="Śvetāmbara">Śvetāmbara sect</a> were formally written. The Kalpasutra also mentions ganas and shakhas established by other disciples of Bhadrabahu, Sambhutavijaya, Mahagiri etc. <sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Brihat-Kharataragachchha pattavali gives the name of Chandra after Vajrasena, the lineage continues until Udyotana, the founder of Brihadgachcha.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Apart from the given list, another list of preceptors of the <a href="/wiki/Upke%C5%9Ba_Gaccha" title="Upkeśa Gaccha">Upkeśa Gaccha</a> (now extinct) within the <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Avet%C4%81mbara" title="Śvetāmbara">Śvetāmbara sect</a> exists. While all other <i>pattavalis</i> trace their ancestry to the 24th <a href="/wiki/Tirthankara" title="Tirthankara">Tirthankara</a> <a href="/wiki/Mahavira" title="Mahavira">Mahavira</a>, <a href="/wiki/Upke%C5%9Ba_Gaccha" title="Upkeśa Gaccha">Upkeśa Gaccha</a> traces its ancestry to the 23rd <a href="/wiki/Tirthankara" title="Tirthankara">Tirthankara</a> <a href="/wiki/Parshvanatha" title="Parshvanatha">Parshvanatha</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This <i>pattavali</i>, therefore, also supports the claim of the antiquity of the <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Avet%C4%81mbara" title="Śvetāmbara">Śvetāmbara sect</a>. Several eminent preceptors including <a href="/wiki/Ratnaprabhasuri" title="Ratnaprabhasuri">Acharya Ratnaprabhasuri</a> (founder of <a href="/wiki/Oswal" title="Oswal">Oswal</a> clan) and <a href="/wiki/Swayamprabhasuri" title="Swayamprabhasuri">Acharya Swayamprabhasuri</a> (founder of <a href="/wiki/Porwal" title="Porwal">Porwal</a> clan) belonged to the <i><a href="/wiki/Upke%C5%9Ba_Gaccha" title="Upkeśa Gaccha">Upkeśa Gaccha</a>.</i> </p> <ul><li>The Kevalis (those who attained <a href="/wiki/Kavalagyana" class="mw-redirect" title="Kavalagyana">kavalagyana</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahavira" title="Mahavira">Mahavira Swami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gautama_Swami" title="Gautama Swami">Gautam Swami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudharmaswami" title="Sudharmaswami">Sudharmaswami</a> (Lohacharya)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jambuswami" title="Jambuswami">Jambu Swami</a></li></ul></li> <li>The Shruta Kevalis (who knew the complete oral texts) According to <a href="/wiki/Digambara" title="Digambara">Digambara</a> tradition: <ul><li>Vishnudeva</li> <li>Aparajita</li> <li>Govardhana</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhadrabahu" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhadrabahu">Bhadrabahu</a></li></ul></li> <li>The Shruta Kevalis (who knew the complete oral texts) According to <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Avet%C4%81mbara" title="Śvetāmbara">Śvetāmbara</a> tradition: <ul><li>Prabhava</li> <li>Sayyambhava</li> <li>Yashobhadra</li> <li>Sambhutavijaya</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhadrabahu" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhadrabahu">Bhadrabahu</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Digambara_Lineage">Digambara Lineage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pattavali&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Digambara Lineage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to Digambar tradition, the monastic lineage after <a href="/wiki/Bhadrab%C4%81hu" title="Bhadrabāhu">Bhadrabāhu</a> was:<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhadrabahu" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhadrabahu">Bhadrabahu</a>, a shruta-kevalin</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visakha" title="Visakha">Visakha</a>, the 10-purvis begin here</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prosthila&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prosthila (page does not exist)">Prosthila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kshatria" class="mw-redirect" title="Kshatria">Kshatria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayasena" title="Jayasena">Jayasena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagasena" title="Nagasena">Nagasena</a></li> <li>Siddhartha</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dhritisena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dhritisena (page does not exist)">Dhritisena</a></li> <li>Vijaya</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buddhilinga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buddhilinga (page does not exist)">Buddhilinga</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deva_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deva I (page does not exist)">Deva I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharasena" title="Dharasena">Dharasena</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nakshatri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nakshatri (page does not exist)">Nakshatri</a>, 11 angis begin here.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jayapalaka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jayapalaka (page does not exist)">Jayapalaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandava" title="Pandava">Pandava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhruvasena" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhruvasena">Dhruvasena</a></li> <li>Kansa</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subhadra" title="Subhadra">Subhadra</a>, 1 angis begins here.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yashobhadra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yashobhadra (page does not exist)">Yashobhadra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhadrabahu_II" title="Bhadrabahu II">Bhadrabahu II</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lohacarya_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lohacarya II (page does not exist)">Lohacarya II</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arhadvali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arhadvali (page does not exist)">Arhadvali</a>, ekangis with partial knowledge of one anga.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maghanandi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maghanandi (page does not exist)">Maghanandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharasena" title="Dharasena">Dharasena</a>, see <a href="/wiki/Satkhandagama" title="Satkhandagama">Satkhandagama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushpadanta" title="Pushpadanta">Pushpadanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutabali" title="Bhutabali">Bhutabali</a></li></ul> <p>Arhadvali is said to have been the founder of the divisions of the <a href="/wiki/Mula_Sangha" class="mw-redirect" title="Mula Sangha">Mula Sangha</a>. Even though the Digambara sect claims <a href="/wiki/Manatunga" title="Manatunga">Manatunga</a> was a Digambara monk, none of the <i>pattavalis</i> maintained by the Digambara sect mention him. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Śvetāmbara_Lineage"><span id=".C5.9Avet.C4.81mbara_Lineage"></span>Śvetāmbara Lineage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pattavali&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Śvetāmbara Lineage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Avet%C4%81mbara" title="Śvetāmbara">Śvetāmbara</a> tradition, the monastic lineage is as follows: - <sup id="cite_ref-:0_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Sudharmaswami" title="Sudharmaswami">Sudharmaswami</a></li> <li>Jambu Swami</li> <li>Prabhava</li> <li>Sayyambhava</li> <li>Yashobhadra</li> <li>Sambhutavijaya & <a href="/wiki/Bhadrabahu" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhadrabahu">Bhadrabahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sthulabhadra" title="Sthulabhadra">Sthulabhadra</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahagiri" title="Mahagiri">Mahagiri</a> (268 BC to 168 BC) and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Suhastin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suhastin (page does not exist)">Suhastin</a> (222 BC to 122 BC)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENatubhai_Shah200446_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENatubhai_Shah200446-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Susthita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Susthita (page does not exist)">Susthita</a> and Supratibuddh</li> <li>Indradinna</li> <li>Dinna</li> <li>Sinhagiri</li> <li>Vajraswami (31 BC to 47 CE)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENatubhai_Shah200447_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENatubhai_Shah200447-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Vajrasena</li> <li>Chandrasuri</li> <li>Vriddhadeva</li> <li>Pradyotansuri</li> <li>Mandevsuri</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manatunga" title="Manatunga">Mantungsuri</a> - author of <a href="/wiki/Bhakt%C4%81mara_Stotra" title="Bhaktāmara Stotra">Bhaktāmara Stotra</a></li> <li>Virsuri</li> <li>Jaidevsuri</li> <li>Anandsuri</li> <li>Vikramsuri</li> <li>Narsimhsuriji</li> <li>Samudrasuri</li> <li>Mandevsuri II</li> <li>Vibudhprabhasuri</li> <li>Jayanandsuri</li> <li>Raviprabhsuri</li> <li>Yashodevsuri</li> <li>Pradyumnasuri</li> <li>Mandevsuri III</li> <li>Vimalchandrasuri</li> <li>Udyotansuri</li> <li>Sarvadevsuri</li> <li>Devsuri</li> <li>Sarvadevsuri II</li> <li>Yashobhadrasuri</li> <li>Munichandrasuri</li> <li>Vadidevsuri</li> <li>Vijaisinghsuri</li> <li>Somaprabhsuri</li> <li>Jagatchandrasuri - Founder of <a href="/wiki/Tapa_Gaccha" title="Tapa Gaccha">Tapagaccha</a></li> <li>Devendrasuri</li> <li>Vidyanandsuri and Dharmagoshsuri</li> <li>Somaprabhsuri</li> <li>Somatilaksuri</li> <li>Devsundersuri</li> <li>Somasundersuri</li> <li>Munisundersuri</li> <li>Ratnashekharsuri</li> <li>Lakshmisagarsuri</li> <li>Sumatisadhusuri</li> <li>Hemvimalsuri</li> <li>Anandvimalsuri</li> <li>Vijay Dansuri</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiravijaya" title="Hiravijaya">Vijay Hirsuri</a> - One who inspired Akbar</li> <li>Vijaysen Suri</li> <li>Vijaydev suri</li> <li>Vijaysimhsuri</li> <li>Vijayprabhavsuri</li> <li>Satyavijay Gani</li></ol> <p>Another list of monks, of the preceptors of the <a href="/wiki/Upke%C5%9Ba_Gaccha" title="Upkeśa Gaccha">Upkeśa Gaccha</a> also exists and is considered to be an important <i>pattavali</i> as the creation of major <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Avet%C4%81mbara" title="Śvetāmbara">Śvetāmbara</a> clans such as <a href="/wiki/Oswal" title="Oswal">Oswal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Porwal" title="Porwal">Porwal</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bhinmal" title="Bhinmal">Srimal</a> are connected to <a href="/wiki/Upke%C5%9Ba_Gaccha" title="Upkeśa Gaccha">Upkeśa Gaccha</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:22_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:22-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:02_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pattavali&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Upke%C5%9Ba_Gaccha" title="Upkeśa Gaccha">Upkeśa Gaccha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_order" title="Religious order">Religious order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaccha" title="Gaccha">Gaccha</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pattavali&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Śrī paṭṭāvalī-samuccayaḥ, Vīramagāma, Gujarāta : Śrī Cāritra-Smāraka-Granthamālā, 1933</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Akbar as Reflected in the Contemporary Jain Literature in Gujarat, by Shirin Mehta, Social Scientist, 1992, p. 54-60</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Medieval Jaina Goddess Traditions, by John Cort Numen,1987 BRILL, p. 235-255</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:22-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:22_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:22_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=jainqq.org&rft.atitle=Oswal+Porwal+Aur+Shreemal+Jatiyo+Ka+Sachitra+Prachin+Itihas&rft.aulast=Maharaja&rft.aufirst=Gyansundar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjainqq.org%2Fexplore%2F034569%2F15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APattavali" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:02-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:02_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dli.calcutta.06227/page/n249/mode/2up"><i>Indian Antiquary: A Journal of Oriental Research, Vol-19, Issue no.-January-December</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indian+Antiquary%3A+A+Journal+of+Oriental+Research%2C+Vol-19%2C+Issue+no.-January-December&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdli.calcutta.06227%2Fpage%2Fn249%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APattavali" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGlasenapp1999">Glasenapp 1999</a>, p. 12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUpinder_Singh201626-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUpinder_Singh201626_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUpinder_Singh2016">Upinder Singh 2016</a>, p. 26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304051141/http://www.jainworld.com/jainbooks/images/18/History_of_the_Digambaras.htm">"History of the Digambaras"</a>, <i>Jainworld.com</i>, 16 January 1977, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jainworld.com/jainbooks/images/18/History_of_the_Digambaras.htm">the original</a> on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2015</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jainworld.com&rft.atitle=History+of+the+Digambaras&rft.date=1977-01-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jainworld.com%2Fjainbooks%2Fimages%2F18%2FHistory_of_the_Digambaras.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APattavali" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sacred-texts.com/jai/sbe22/sbe2290.htm">"Jaina Sutras, Part I (SBE22): Lives of the Ginas: List of the Sthaviras"</a>. <i>sacred-texts.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(1932). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.550782"><i>Kharatara Gaccha Pattavali Sangraha</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kharatara+Gaccha+Pattavali+Sangraha&rft.date=1932&rft.aulast=Shri&rft.aufirst=Jina+Vijay+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.550782&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APattavali" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/dli.calcutta.06227"><i>Indian Antiquary: A Journal of Oriental Research, Vol-19, Issue no.-January-December</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indian+Antiquary%3A+A+Journal+of+Oriental+Research%2C+Vol-19%2C+Issue+no.-January-December&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdli.calcutta.06227&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APattavali" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304051141/http://www.jainworld.com/jainbooks/images/18/History_of_the_Digambaras.htm">"History of Digambara"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jainworld.com/jainbooks/images/18/History_of_the_Digambaras.htm">the original</a> on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+Digambara&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jainworld.com%2Fjainbooks%2Fimages%2F18%2FHistory_of_the_Digambaras.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APattavali" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304054334/http://www.jainworld.com/jainbooks/images/18/The_Sthaviravali_of_the_Kal.htm">"kalpasutra"</a>. Jainworld.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jainworld.com/jainbooks/images/18/The_Sthaviravali_of_the_Kal.htm">the original</a> on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=kalpasutra&rft.pub=Jainworld.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jainworld.com%2Fjainbooks%2Fimages%2F18%2FThe_Sthaviravali_of_the_Kal.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APattavali" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENatubhai_Shah200446-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENatubhai_Shah200446_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNatubhai_Shah2004">Natubhai Shah 2004</a>, p. 46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENatubhai_Shah200447-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENatubhai_Shah200447_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNatubhai_Shah2004">Natubhai Shah 2004</a>, p. 47.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pattavali&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNagārāja2003" class="citation cs2">Nagārāja, Muni (1 January 2003), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dXVOXRrYQiQC"><i>Āgama Aura Tripiṭaka: Eka Anuśilana</i></a>, Concept Publishing Company, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7022-731-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7022-731-1"><bdi>978-81-7022-731-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%C4%80gama+Aura+Tripi%E1%B9%ADaka%3A+Eka+Anu%C5%9Bilana&rft.pub=Concept+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.isbn=978-81-7022-731-1&rft.aulast=Nag%C4%81r%C4%81ja&rft.aufirst=Muni&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdXVOXRrYQiQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APattavali" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlasenapp1999" class="citation cs2">Glasenapp, Helmuth Von (1999), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WzEzXDk0v6sC"><i>Jainism: An Indian Religion of Salvation</i></a>, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-208-1376-6" title="Special:BookSources/81-208-1376-6"><bdi>81-208-1376-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jainism%3A+An+Indian+Religion+of+Salvation&rft.place=Delhi&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=81-208-1376-6&rft.aulast=Glasenapp&rft.aufirst=Helmuth+Von&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWzEzXDk0v6sC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APattavali" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCort2010" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/John_E._Cort" title="John E. Cort">Cort, John</a> (2010) [1953], <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MDBpq23-0QoC"><i>Framing the Jina: Narratives of Icons and Idols in Jain History</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-538502-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-538502-1"><bdi>978-0-19-538502-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Framing+the+Jina%3A+Narratives+of+Icons+and+Idols+in+Jain+History&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-19-538502-1&rft.aulast=Cort&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMDBpq23-0QoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APattavali" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNatubhai_Shah2004" class="citation cs2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natubhai_Shah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Natubhai Shah (page does not exist)">Shah, Natubhai</a> (2004) [First published in 1998], <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qLNQKGcDIhsC"><i>Jainism: The World of Conquerors</i></a>, vol. I, <a href="/wiki/Motilal_Banarsidass" title="Motilal Banarsidass">Motilal Banarsidass</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-208-1938-1" title="Special:BookSources/81-208-1938-1"><bdi>81-208-1938-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jainism%3A+The+World+of+Conquerors&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=81-208-1938-1&rft.aulast=Shah&rft.aufirst=Natubhai&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqLNQKGcDIhsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APattavali" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUpinder_Singh2016" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Upinder_Singh" title="Upinder Singh">Singh, Upinder</a> (2016), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Pq2iCwAAQBAJ"><i>A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Pearson_Education" title="Pearson Education">Pearson Education</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-93-325-6996-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-93-325-6996-6"><bdi>978-93-325-6996-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Ancient+and+Early+Medieval+India%3A+From+the+Stone+Age+to+the+12th+Century&rft.pub=Pearson+Education&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-93-325-6996-6&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Upinder&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPq2iCwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APattavali" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output 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nuns</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #F5DEB3;"><div> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pattavali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganadhara" title="Ganadhara">Ganadhara</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indrabhuti_Gautama" class="mw-redirect" title="Indrabhuti Gautama">Indrabhuti Gautama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudharmaswami" title="Sudharmaswami">Sudharmaswami</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhadrabahu" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhadrabahu">Bhadrabahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umaswati" title="Umaswati">Umaswati</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digambara_monk" title="Digambara monk">Digambara monks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F5DEB3;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jain_schools_and_branches" title="Jain schools and branches">Branches</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mula_Sangha" class="mw-redirect" title="Mula Sangha">Mula Sangha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balatkara_Gana" title="Balatkara Gana">Balatkara Gana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashtha_Sangha" title="Kashtha Sangha">Kashtha Sangha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taran_Panth" title="Taran Panth">Taran Panth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bispanthi" class="mw-redirect" title="Bispanthi">Bispanthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digambara_Terapanth" title="Digambara Terapanth">Digambara Terapanth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yapaniya" class="mw-redirect" title="Yapaniya">Yapaniya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanji_Panth" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanji Panth">Kanji Panth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F5DEB3;;width:1%">Ancient</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dharasena" title="Dharasena">Dharasena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kundakunda" title="Kundakunda">Kundakunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samantabhadra_(Jain_monk)" title="Samantabhadra (Jain monk)">Samantabhadra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushpadanta_(Jain_monk)" title="Pushpadanta (Jain monk)">Pushpadanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutabali" title="Bhutabali">Bhutabali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vattakera" title="Vattakera">Vattakera</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F5DEB3;;width:1%">Medieval</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amritchandra" title="Amritchandra">Amritchandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhadrabahu_II" title="Bhadrabahu II">Bhadrabahu II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunabhadra_(Jain_monk)" title="Gunabhadra (Jain monk)">Gunabhadra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pujyapada" title="Pujyapada">Pujyapada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemichandra" title="Nemichandra">Nemichandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virasena" title="Virasena">Virasena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinasena" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinasena">Jinasena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayasena" title="Jayasena">Jayasena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akalanka" title="Akalanka">Akalanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manatunga" title="Manatunga">Manatunga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravisena" title="Ravisena">Ravisena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumudendu" title="Kumudendu">Kumudendu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harisena_(Jain_monk)" title="Harisena (Jain monk)">Harisena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aparajita_(Jain_monk)" title="Aparajita (Jain monk)">Aparajita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yativ%E1%B9%9B%E1%B9%A3abha" title="Yativṛṣabha">Yativṛṣabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prabh%C4%81candra" title="Prabhācandra">Prabhācandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidyananda_(8th-century_Jain_monk)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vidyananda (8th-century Jain monk)">Vidyananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taran_Svami" title="Taran Svami">Taran Svami</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F5DEB3;;width:1%">Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acharya_(Jainism)" title="Acharya (Jainism)">Acharya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shantisagar" title="Shantisagar">Shantisagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deshbhushan" title="Deshbhushan">Deshbhushan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acharya_Vidyasagar" title="Acharya Vidyasagar">Vidyasagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guptinandi" title="Guptinandi">Guptinandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyansagar" title="Gyansagar">Gyansagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryanandi" title="Aryanandi">Aryanandi</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muni_(Jainism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Muni (Jainism)">Muni</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kshamasagar" title="Kshamasagar">Kshamasagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pragyasagar" title="Pragyasagar">Pragyasagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pramansagar" title="Pramansagar">Pramansagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudhasagar" title="Sudhasagar">Sudhasagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarun_Sagar" title="Tarun Sagar">Tarun Sagar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kshullak" title="Kshullak">Kshullak</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ganeshprasad_Varni" title="Ganeshprasad Varni">Ganeshprasad Varni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinendra_Varni" title="Jinendra Varni">Jinendra Varni</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryika" title="Aryika">Aryika</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gyanmati" title="Gyanmati">Gyanmati</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Avet%C4%81mbara" title="Śvetāmbara">Śvetāmbara</a> ascetics</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F5DEB3;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gaccha" title="Gaccha">Gacchas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Upke%C5%9Ba_Gaccha" title="Upkeśa Gaccha">Upkeśa Gaccha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapa_Gaccha" title="Tapa Gaccha">Tapa Gaccha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharatara_Gaccha" title="Kharatara Gaccha">Kharatara Gaccha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F5DEB3;;width:1%">Ancient</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kesi_(Ganadhara)" title="Kesi (Ganadhara)">Keśiśramanācharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swayamprabhasuri" title="Swayamprabhasuri">Swayamprabhasuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratnaprabhasuri" title="Ratnaprabhasuri">Ratnaprabhasuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhadrabahu" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhadrabahu">Bhadrabahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sthulabhadra" title="Sthulabhadra">Sthulabhadra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinabhadra" title="Jinabhadra">Jinabhadra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devardhigani_Kshamashraman" title="Devardhigani Kshamashraman">Devardhigani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddhasena" title="Siddhasena">Siddhasena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vimalsuri" title="Vimalsuri">Vimalsuri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F5DEB3;;width:1%">Medieval</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haribhadra" class="mw-redirect" title="Haribhadra">Haribhadra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bappabhattisuri" title="Bappabhattisuri">Bappabhattisuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemachandra" title="Hemachandra">Hemachandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryarakshitsuri" title="Aryarakshitsuri">Aryarakshitsuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalyansagarsuri" title="Kalyansagarsuri">Kalyansagarsuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yashovijaya" title="Yashovijaya">Yashovijaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinadattasuri" title="Jinadattasuri">Jinadattasuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinaharsha" title="Jinaharsha">Jinaharsha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anandghan" title="Anandghan">Anandghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiravijaya" title="Hiravijaya">Hiravijaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manatunga" title="Manatunga">Manatunga</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vidyamandansuri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vidyamandansuri (page does not exist)">Vidyamandansuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udayaratna" title="Udayaratna">Udayaratna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F5DEB3;;width:1%">Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhisagarsuri" title="Buddhisagarsuri">Buddhisagarsuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrashekhar_Vijay" title="Chandrashekhar Vijay">Chandrashekhar Vijay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jambuvijaya" title="Jambuvijaya">Jambuvijaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mah%C4%81praj%C3%B1a" title="Mahāprajña">Mahāprajña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahashraman" title="Mahashraman">Mahashraman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prem_Suri" title="Prem Suri">Prem Suri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vimalsagarsuri" title="Vimalsagarsuri">Vimalsagarsuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramchandra_Suri" title="Ramchandra Suri">Ramchandra Suri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajendrasuri" title="Rajendrasuri">Rajendrasuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratnasundarsuri" title="Ratnasundarsuri">Ratnasundarsuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalapurnasuri" title="Kalapurnasuri">Kalapurnasuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulsi_(Jain_monk)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tulsi (Jain monk)">Tulsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayanandsuri" title="Vijayanandsuri">Vijayanandsuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemisuri" title="Nemisuri">Nemisuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallabhsuri" title="Vallabhsuri">Vallabhsuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daulatsagarsuri" title="Daulatsagarsuri">Daulatsagarsuri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="20px_Jainism_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #F5DEB3;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jainism_topics" title="Template:Jainism topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jainism_topics" title="Template talk:Jainism topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jainism_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jainism topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="20px_Jainism_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:In-jain-o.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/In-jain-o.svg/20px-In-jain-o.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/In-jain-o.svg/30px-In-jain-o.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/In-jain-o.svg/40px-In-jain-o.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="326" data-file-height="217" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism topics</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F5DEB3;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/God_in_Jainism" title="God in Jainism">Gods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tirthankara" title="Tirthankara">Tirthankara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganadhara" title="Ganadhara">Ganadhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arihant_(Jainism)" title="Arihant (Jainism)">Arihant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F5DEB3;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jain_philosophy" title="Jain philosophy">Philosophy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Five_Vows" title="Five Vows">Five Vows</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahimsa_in_Jainism" title="Ahimsa in Jainism">Ahimsa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jain_epistemology" title="Jain epistemology">Epistemology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kevala_Jnana" class="mw-redirect" title="Kevala Jnana">Kevala Jñāna</a></li></ul></li> <li>Jaina logic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anekantavada" title="Anekantavada">Anekāntavāda</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jain_cosmology" title="Jain cosmology">Jain cosmology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siddhashila" title="Siddhashila">Siddhashila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naraka_(Jainism)" title="Naraka (Jainism)">Naraka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deva_(Jainism)" title="Deva (Jainism)">Heavenly beings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karma_in_Jainism" title="Karma in Jainism">Karma</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Types_of_Karma_(Jainism)" title="Types of Karma (Jainism)">Types</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Causes_of_karma_in_Jainism" title="Causes of karma in Jainism">Causes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunasthana" title="Gunasthana">Gunasthana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dravya" title="Dravya">Dravya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J%C4%ABva_(Jainism)" title="Jīva (Jainism)">Jīva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajiva" title="Ajiva">Ajiva</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pudgala" title="Pudgala">Pudgala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharma_(Jainism)" title="Dharma (Jainism)">Dharma</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tattva_(Jainism)" title="Tattva (Jainism)">Tattva</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asrava" title="Asrava">Asrava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandha_(Jainism)" title="Bandha (Jainism)">Bandha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samvara" title="Samvara">Samvara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirjara" title="Nirjara">Nirjara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moksha_(Jainism)" title="Moksha (Jainism)"><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">Mokṣa</i></span></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_in_Jainism" title="Death in Jainism">Death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%E1%B9%83s%C4%81ra_(Jainism)" title="Saṃsāra (Jainism)">Saṃsāra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratnatraya" title="Ratnatraya">Ratnatraya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashaya_(Jainism)" title="Kashaya (Jainism)">Kashaya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F5DEB3;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jain_schools_and_branches" title="Jain schools and branches">Branches</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F5DEB3;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Digambara" title="Digambara">Digambara</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mula_Sangha" class="mw-redirect" title="Mula Sangha">Mula Sangha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balatkara_Gana" title="Balatkara Gana">Balatkara Gana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashtha_Sangha" title="Kashtha Sangha">Kashtha Sangha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taran_Panth" title="Taran Panth">Taran Panth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bispanthi" class="mw-redirect" title="Bispanthi">Bispanthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digambara_Terapanth" title="Digambara Terapanth">Terapanth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yapaniya" class="mw-redirect" title="Yapaniya">Yapaniya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanji_Panth" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanji Panth">Kanji Panth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F5DEB3;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Avet%C4%81mbara" title="Śvetāmbara">Śvetāmbara</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Murtipujaka" title="Murtipujaka">Murtipujaka</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaccha" title="Gaccha">Gaccha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kharatara_Gaccha" title="Kharatara Gaccha">Kharatara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapa_Gaccha" title="Tapa Gaccha">Tapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tristutik_Gaccha" class="mw-redirect" title="Tristutik Gaccha">Tristutik</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sth%C4%81nakav%C4%81s%C4%AB" title="Sthānakavāsī">Sthānakavāsī</a></li> <li>Terapanth</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F5DEB3;;width:1%">Practices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sallekhana" title="Sallekhana">Sallekhana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jain_meditation" title="Jain meditation">Meditation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S%C4%81m%C4%81yika" title="Sāmāyika">Sāmāyika</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jain_monasticism" title="Jain monasticism">Monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jain_vegetarianism" title="Jain vegetarianism">Vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasting_in_Jainism" title="Fasting in Jainism">Fasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jain_rituals" title="Jain rituals">Rituals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jain_festivals" title="Jain festivals">Festivals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paryushana" title="Paryushana">Paryushana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kshamavani" title="Kshamavani">Kshamavani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahamastakabhisheka" title="Mahamastakabhisheka">Mahamastakabhisheka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upadhan" title="Upadhan">Upadhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapas_(Indian_religions)" title="Tapas (Indian religions)">Tapas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratikramana" title="Pratikramana">Pratikramana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F5DEB3;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jain_literature" title="Jain literature">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jain_Scriptures" class="mw-redirect" title="Jain Scriptures">Agama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pravachanasara" title="Pravachanasara">Pravachanasara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shatkhandagama" class="mw-redirect" title="Shatkhandagama">Shatkhandagama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasayapahuda" title="Kasayapahuda">Kasayapahuda</a></li> <li>Mantra <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Namokar_Mantra" title="Namokar Mantra">Namokar Mantra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhaktamara_Stotra" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhaktamara Stotra">Bhaktamara Stotra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tattvartha_Sutra" title="Tattvartha Sutra">Tattvartha Sutra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samayas%C4%81ra" title="Samayasāra">Samayasāra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aptamimamsa" title="Aptamimamsa">Aptamimamsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalpa_S%C5%ABtra" title="Kalpa Sūtra">Kalpa Sūtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttaradhyayana" title="Uttaradhyayana">Uttaradhyayana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F5DEB3;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jain_symbols" title="Jain symbols">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jain_flag" title="Jain flag">Jain flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddhachakra" title="Siddhachakra">Siddhachakra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashtamangala" title="Ashtamangala">Ashtamangala</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shrivatsa" title="Shrivatsa">Shrivatsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nandavarta" title="Nandavarta">Nandavarta</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auspicious_dreams_in_Jainism" title="Auspicious dreams in Jainism">Auspicious dreams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swastika" title="Swastika">Swastika</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F5DEB3;;width:1%">Ascetics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digambara_monk" title="Digambara monk">Digambara monk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryika" title="Aryika">Aryika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kshullak" title="Kshullak">Kshullak</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pattavali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acharya_(Jainism)" title="Acharya (Jainism)">Acharya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F5DEB3;;width:1%">Scholars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nalini_Balbir" title="Nalini Balbir">Nalini Balbir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colette_Caillat" title="Colette Caillat">Colette Caillat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandabai" title="Chandabai">Chandabai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_E._Cort" title="John E. Cort">John E. Cort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Dundas" title="Paul Dundas">Paul Dundas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virchand_Gandhi" title="Virchand Gandhi">Virchand Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Jacobi" title="Hermann Jacobi">Hermann Jacobi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champat_Rai_Jain" title="Champat Rai Jain">Champat Rai Jain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padmanabh_Jaini" title="Padmanabh Jaini">Padmanabh Jaini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffery_D._Long" title="Jeffery D. Long">Jeffery D. Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampan%C4%81" title="Hampanā">Hampa Nagarajaiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bal_Patil" title="Bal Patil">Bal Patil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinendra_Varni" title="Jinendra Varni">Jinendra Varni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F5DEB3;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jain_communities" title="Jain communities">Community</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Ar%C4%81vaka_(Jainism)" title="Śrāvaka (Jainism)">Śrāvaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarak" title="Sarak">Sarak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Jain" title="Tamil Jain">Tamil</a></li> <li>Organisations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digambar_Jain_Mahasabha" title="Digambar Jain Mahasabha">Digambar Jain Mahasabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishwa_Jain_Sangathan" title="Vishwa Jain Sangathan">Vishwa Jain Sangathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JAINA" title="JAINA">JAINA</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F5DEB3;;width:1%">Jainism in</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F5DEB3;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_India" title="Jainism in India">India</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_Bundelkhand" title="Jainism in Bundelkhand">Bundelkhand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_Delhi" title="Jainism in Delhi">Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_Goa" title="Jainism in Goa">Goa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_Gujarat" title="Jainism in Gujarat">Gujarat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_Haryana" title="Jainism in Haryana">Haryana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_Karnataka" title="Jainism in Karnataka">Karnataka</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_North_Karnataka" title="Jainism in North Karnataka">North</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_Kerala" title="Jainism in Kerala">Kerala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_Maharashtra" title="Jainism in Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_Mumbai" title="Jainism in Mumbai">Mumbai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_Rajasthan" title="Jainism in Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_Tamil_Nadu" title="Jainism in Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Jainism in Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F5DEB3;;width:1%">Overseas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_Africa" title="Jainism in Africa">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_Australia" title="Jainism in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_Belgium" title="Jainism in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_Canada" title="Jainism in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_Europe" title="Jainism in Europe">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_Hong_Kong" title="Jainism in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_Japan" title="Jainism in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_Pakistan" title="Jainism in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_Singapore" title="Jainism in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_Southeast_Asia" title="Jainism in Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_the_United_States" title="Jainism in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F5DEB3;;width:1%">Jainism and</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_Jainism" title="Buddhism and Jainism">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_and_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Jainism and Hinduism">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_Jainism" title="Islam and Jainism">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_and_Sikhism" title="Jainism and Sikhism">Sikhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_and_non-creationism" title="Jainism and non-creationism">Non-creationism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F5DEB3;;width:1%">Dynasties and empires</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chalukya_dynasty" title="Chalukya dynasty">Chalukya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Ganga_dynasty" title="Western Ganga dynasty">Ganga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoysala_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoysala Empire">Hoysala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_dynasty" title="Solar dynasty">Ikshvaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadamba_dynasty" title="Kadamba dynasty">Kadamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalinga_(historical_region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalinga (historical region)">Kalinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurya_Empire" title="Maurya Empire">Maurya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandya_dynasty" title="Pandya dynasty">Pandya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtrakuta_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Rashtrakuta dynasty">Rashtrakuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santara_dynasty" title="Santara dynasty">Santara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F5DEB3;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Jainism" title="History of Jainism">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Jainism" title="Timeline of Jainism">Timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekendriya" title="Ekendriya">Ekendriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pa%C3%B1ca-Parame%E1%B9%A3%E1%B9%ADhi" title="Pañca-Parameṣṭhi">Pañca-Parameṣṭhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratima_(Jainism)" title="Pratima (Jainism)">Pratima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salakapurusa" class="mw-redirect" title="Salakapurusa">Śalākāpuruṣa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirtha_(Jainism)" title="Tirtha (Jainism)">Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samavasarana" title="Samavasarana">Samavasarana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vira_Nirvana_Samvat" title="Vira Nirvana Samvat">Jain calendar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samvatsari" title="Samvatsari">Samvatsari</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panch_Kalyanaka" title="Panch Kalyanaka">Panch Kalyanaka</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Ahimsa" title="Statue of Ahimsa">Statue of Ahimsa</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jain_temple" title="Jain temple">Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jain_stupa" title="Jain stupa">Stupa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jain_sculpture" title="Jain sculpture">Sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jain_art" title="Jain art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jain_law" title="Jain law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigoda" title="Nigoda">Nigoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jain_terms_and_concepts" title="Jain terms and concepts">Jain terms and concepts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_differences_in_Jainism" title="Sexual differences in Jainism">Sexual differences</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F5DEB3;;width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jains" title="List of Jains">List of Jains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jain_temples" title="List of Jain temples">List of Jain temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jain_monks" title="List of Jain monks">List of Jain ascetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Digambar_Jain_ascetics" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Digambar Jain ascetics">List of Digambar Jain ascetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Jainism-related_articles" title="Index of Jainism-related articles">Topics List (index)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F5DEB3;;width:1%">Navboxes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Jain_Gods" title="Template:Jain Gods">Gods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Jain_Agamas" 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